WO2023197573A1 - Procédé de tunnellisation de détente de pression pour la prévention d'impacts pour une galerie de veine de charbon exposée à un coup de charge - Google Patents

Procédé de tunnellisation de détente de pression pour la prévention d'impacts pour une galerie de veine de charbon exposée à un coup de charge Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023197573A1
WO2023197573A1 PCT/CN2022/128958 CN2022128958W WO2023197573A1 WO 2023197573 A1 WO2023197573 A1 WO 2023197573A1 CN 2022128958 W CN2022128958 W CN 2022128958W WO 2023197573 A1 WO2023197573 A1 WO 2023197573A1
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Prior art keywords
fracturing
drilling
directional
coal seam
tunnel
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PCT/CN2022/128958
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
潘俊锋
马文涛
张晨阳
高家明
陆闯
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中煤科工开采研究院有限公司
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Priority to AU2022453302A priority Critical patent/AU2022453302A1/en
Publication of WO2023197573A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023197573A1/fr

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
    • E21C37/06—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole
    • E21C37/12—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole by injecting into the borehole a liquid, either initially at high pressure or subsequently subjected to high pressure, e.g. by pulses, by explosive cartridges acting on the liquid
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of safe mining of coal mines, in particular to an anti-collision and pressure-relief excavation method for rock-burdened coal seam tunnels.
  • the original rock stress is at a high level, and there are many folds, faults and other structures in the mine field.
  • the original rock stress is superimposed on the structural stress to form a high concentrated stress foundation.
  • the support pressure is superimposed again to form a super-high concentration stress foundation. High stress concentration, thereby inducing shock ground pressure.
  • Local pressure relief measures such as coal seam blasting and large-diameter drilling are usually used to relieve pressure in excavation tunnels.
  • large machinery, construction tools and supporting materials are concentrated in the excavation working face area.
  • the pressure relief space is limited and conventional pressure relief measures lag behind. This results in a pressure relief blind zone at the excavation working face and a certain distance behind it; on the other hand, conventional local pressure relief measures have a limited range of pressure relief, and multiple rounds of pressure relief are often required during tunnel excavation, resulting in low pressure relief efficiency.
  • the present disclosure is proposed to provide an anti-collision and pressure relief excavation method for coal seam tunnels that overcomes the above problems or at least partially solves the above problems, and can regionally reduce the original rock stress and structural stress in the area where the tunnel is to be excavation. level, so that the area to be excavated in the tunnel is in a pressure relief protection zone, which effectively reduces the possibility of rock burst during tunnel excavation in coal seams.
  • a method for anti-collision and pressure relief excavation of coal seam tunnels under percussion including:
  • determine the fracturing target layer that meets the preset conditions in the area to be excavated in the coal seam tunnel including:
  • the rock layer with a thickness greater than the specified thickness within the preset height range is determined in the area to be excavated in the coal seam tunnel as the fracturing target layer.
  • the rock layer with a specified thickness is a thick hard sandstone layer with a specified thickness.
  • a rock layer with a height above the coal seam within a range of 40 m and a thickness greater than 8 m is determined as the fracturing target layer in the area to be dug in the coal seam tunnel.
  • a drilling field is set up in the coal seam tunnel, and the directional drilling is performed from the drilling field toward the fracturing target layer, including:
  • a drilling site is set in the coal seam tunnel at a preset distance from the tunnel to be excavated;
  • one layer of fracturing target layer corresponds to the construction of a directional drilling hole.
  • the length of the horizontal section of the directional drilling is 600 to 1000m.
  • a drilling field is set up in the coal seam tunnel, the directional drilling is constructed from the drilling field to the fracturing target layer, and the completed directional drilling is Holes for fracturing, including:
  • perform fracturing on completed directional boreholes including:
  • High-pressure water is injected into the horizontal sections of the completed directional boreholes, and hydraulic fracturing is performed on the horizontal sections of the directional boreholes.
  • high-pressure water is injected into the horizontal sections of the completed directional boreholes, and hydraulic fracturing is performed on the horizontal sections of the directional boreholes, including:
  • the length of the hole section for each pressurization is 15m.
  • the drilling site is set up again.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure first determines the fracturing target layer that meets the preset conditions in the area to be excavated in the coal seam tunnel, and determines the number of directional drilling holes based on the number of fracturing target layer layers, and then sets up a drilling site in the coal seam tunnel. , construct directional drilling from the drilling site to the fracturing target layer, perform fracturing on the completed directional drilling, and then continue to excavate the coal seam tunnel. If the length of the overlying roof fracturing coverage area remains the preset length, set it again At the drilling site, directional drilling is started from the newly set up drilling site to the target fracturing layer, and fracturing is performed on the completed directional drilling.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure can use directional drilling to carry out large-scale fracturing and pressure relief on the thick hard roof overlying the roadway in the area to be excavation. Moreover, the drilling site is set up, the directional drilling is constructed, and the directional drilling is carried out through a cycle. By fracturing the holes, the thick hard roof plate overlying the tunnel can be continuously pre-cracked, and the original rock stress and structural stress level of the tunnel to be tunneled can be reduced regionally and in advance, so that the tunnel to be tunneled is in a pressure relief protection zone, effectively reducing the The possibility of rockburst during coal seam tunnel excavation.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic flowchart of a method for anti-collision and pressure relief excavation of coal seam tunnels under percussion rock formation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of directional drilling and directional drilling fracturing of a thick hard rock layer overlying a tunnel to be excavated according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of directional drilling and directional drilling and fracturing of the thick hard rock layer overlying the tunnel to be excavated according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 1 shows an anti-collision and pressure-relief excavation method for percussion coal seam tunnels according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Step S102 Determine the fracturing target layer that meets the preset conditions in the area to be excavated in the coal seam tunnel, and determine the number of directional drilling holes based on the number of layers of the fracturing target layer.
  • Step S104 Set up a drilling field in the coal seam tunnel, construct directional drilling from the drilling field to the fracturing target layer, and perform fracturing on the completed directional drilling.
  • Step S106 continue to excavate the coal seam tunnel. If the length of the overlying roof fracturing coverage remains the preset length, set up the drilling site again, start directional drilling toward the fracturing target layer from the re-set drilling site, and complete the construction. Directional drilling for fracturing.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure can use directional drilling to carry out large-scale fracturing and pressure relief on the thick hard roof covering the tunnel at one time in the area to be excavation. Moreover, the drilling site is set up, the directional drilling is constructed, and the directional drilling is carried out through a cycle. Cracks can be used to continuously pre-crack the thick hard roof covering the tunnel, regionally advance the stress and structural stress levels of the original rock in the area to be excavated, reduce the dynamic and static load sources that induce impact initiation, and increase the threshold for the occurrence of rock bursts, so that The area of the tunnel to be excavated is in a pressure relief protection zone.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure can determine the fracturing target layer above the coal seam based on the borehole histogram.
  • step S102 in the process of performing step S102 to determine the fracturing target layer that meets the preset conditions in the area to be excavated of the coal seam tunnel, it is possible to determine in the area to be excavated of the coal seam tunnel based on the borehole histogram that the thickness is greater than the specified height within the preset height range.
  • the thickness of the rock layer is used as the target layer for fracturing.
  • the rock layer with a height above the coal seam within a range of 40 m and a thickness greater than 8 m can be determined as the fracturing target layer in the area to be excavated in the coal seam tunnel based on the borehole histogram.
  • the rock layer with a height within the range of 40m and a thickness greater than 8m may be a thick hard sandstone layer.
  • the thickness of the fine-grained sandstone layer above the coal seam is 10.2m
  • the thickness of the siltstone layer is 11m. Both thicknesses are greater than 8m, and the height from the coal seam is within 40m.
  • there are two target fracturing layers in this embodiment namely the fine-grained sandstone layer and the siltstone layer.
  • one layer of fracturing target layer can correspond to one directional borehole. If the fracturing target layer contains two layers, then two directional boreholes will be constructed. If the fracturing target layer contains three layers, then three layers will be constructed. One directional borehole will be constructed for each fracturing target layer.
  • a drilling field 2 is set up in the coal seam tunnel (such as the tunnel 1 that has been excavated).
  • the specific process of constructing directional drilling from the drilling field 2 to the fracturing target layer is as follows:
  • a drilling site 2 is set up in the coal seam tunnel at a preset distance from the tunnel to be excavated 5 .
  • the height according to the fracturing target layer at the highest position refers to the uppermost fracturing target layer. For example, if there is only one fracturing target layer, then according to the height of the fracturing target layer, select the location of drill field 2 at a preset distance from the tunnel to be dug 5 in the coal seam tunnel, and set drill field 2. If the fracturing target layer contains at least two, then the uppermost fracturing target layer is the fracturing target layer at the highest position. After measuring the height of the fracturing target layer at the highest position, according to the highest position Select the location of drilling field 2 at the fracturing target layer height and set drilling field 2.
  • the selection criterion is to ensure that the tunnel area to be excavated is in
  • the horizontal projection area of the horizontal section of the directional borehole 3 is such that the tunnel area to be excavated is within the coverage of roof fracturing.
  • the set drilling field 2 locations will be different for different fracturing target layer heights.
  • the preset distance can be set to 100m. Of course, it can also be other distances.
  • This embodiment can effectively avoid the directional drilling 3 located above the tunnel area to be excavated. Inclined section to prevent fracturing blind spots.
  • a directional borehole 3 is constructed from the drilling field 2 to the fracturing target layer, so that the tunnel 5 to be dug is in the horizontal projection area of the horizontal section of the directional borehole 3.
  • the horizontal section of the directional borehole 3 is located directly above the tunnel area to be excavated.
  • the horizontal section of the directional borehole 3 can be constructed during one construction of the directional borehole 3.
  • the length is 600-1000m. Therefore, in the subsequent area to be excavation, directional long holes can be used to fracturing and relieve pressure on a large scale overlying the thick hard roof of the tunnel at one time.
  • the fracturing target layers contain at least two, and the corresponding directional boreholes also contain at least two (directional boreholes 3 and 3' in Figure 2), then starting from the same drilling site 2
  • Each directional borehole 3 is constructed to each fracturing target layer, so that one directional borehole 3 is constructed for each fracturing target layer.
  • the target fracturing layers are a fine-grained sandstone layer with a thickness of 10.2m and a siltstone layer with a thickness of 11m above the coal seam respectively.
  • fracturing can start from the drilling site 2 and penetrate into the fine-grained sandstone layer.
  • a directional drilling 3 will be constructed at a position 22m above the coal seam, and a directional drilling 3' will be constructed from the drilling site 2 to a position 40m above the coal seam in the siltstone layer.
  • step S104 the directional boreholes are constructed separately from the drilling site 2 to the fracturing target layer, and the completed directional boreholes are fractured.
  • each fracturing target layer can be fractured sequentially according to the setting order, avoiding the need to fracturing each directional drilling process. Drilling construction creates interference.
  • the method of fracturing the completed directional boreholes can be hydraulic fracturing, that is, injecting high-pressure water into the horizontal sections of the completed directional boreholes in sections, thereby fracturing the horizontal sections of the directional boreholes. Staged hydraulic fracturing is carried out section by section.
  • high-pressure water is injected into the horizontal sections of the completed directional boreholes, and the method of performing segmented hydraulic fracturing on the horizontal sections of the directional boreholes may be:
  • the packer is sent into the direction of the hole bottom of the directional borehole, and high-pressure water is injected into the hole section sealed by the packer to perform hydraulic fracturing;
  • the specified distance for this embodiment may be 15m, that is, the length of the hole section for each pressure is approximately 15m.
  • high-pressure water applies high pressure to the inside of the directional borehole, starting from the fracturing point 4 of a hole section and extending around the directional borehole to form a fracturing crack 6, so as to achieve fracturing of the rocks around the directional borehole.
  • step S106 in one embodiment of the present disclosure, if the length of the overlying roof fracturing coverage area remains the preset length, the drilling site is set up again, and the construction direction is started from the re-set drilling site toward the fracturing target layer. Drilling holes and fracturing the completed directional drilling holes.
  • the percussion coal seam tunnel excavation is carried out.
  • the drilling field is set up again and directional drilling is performed at the target fracturing layer.
  • the process of setting up a drilling site, constructing directional drilling, and fracturing the directional drilling is executed cyclically until the tunnel excavation is completed, thereby ensuring that the tunnel excavation process is within the fracturing coverage of the overlying roof.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure can carry out excavation in the fracturing coverage area after the thick hard roof plate on the tunnel to be excavation is pre-cracked, so that the working face is in a low-stress zone during excavation and use, avoiding an increase in the risk of impact caused by stress concentration. high.
  • the disclosed embodiment performs regional pre-cracking on the thick hard roof plate covering the tunnel to be excavated in the percussion coal seam to realize the transformation of the thick hard roof into a fragmented roof, which greatly reduces the stress concentration during tunnel excavation and can expand the fracturing coverage area.
  • the low-stress area enables smooth tunnel excavation, so that the working face is protected during excavation and use, thereby effectively reducing the risk of impact.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de tunnellisation de détente de pression pour la prévention d'impacts pour une galerie de veine de charbon exposée à un coup de charge, consistant : à déterminer, dans une zone à tunneliser d'une galerie de veine de charbon, un horizon cible de fracturation satisfaisant une condition prédéfinie, et à déterminer le nombre de trous de forage directionnels en fonction du nombre de couches de l'horizon cible de fracturation ; à agencer un site de forage dans la galerie de veine de charbon, à construire un trou de forage directionnel entre le site de forage et l'horizon cible de fracturation, et à fracturer le trou de forage directionnel construit ; à poursuivre la tunnellisation de la galerie de veine de charbon, si la longueur d'une zone de couverture de fracturation d'une plaque supérieure sus-jacente reste égale à une longueur prédéfinie, à réagencer le site de forage, à construire un trou de forage directionnel entre le site de forage réagencé et l'horizon cible de fracturation, et à fracturer le trou de forage directionnel construit.
PCT/CN2022/128958 2022-04-15 2022-11-01 Procédé de tunnellisation de détente de pression pour la prévention d'impacts pour une galerie de veine de charbon exposée à un coup de charge WO2023197573A1 (fr)

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AU2022453302A AU2022453302A1 (en) 2022-04-15 2022-11-01 Impact-prevention pressure-relief tunneling method for rock burst coal seam roadway

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CN202210397287.0A CN114856564A (zh) 2022-04-15 2022-04-15 一种冲击地压煤层巷道防冲卸压掘进方法
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Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117189112A (zh) * 2023-11-07 2023-12-08 中国矿业大学(北京) 遗滞煤柱定向钻扩孔-异孔除渣协同造洞卸控系统及方法
CN117738688A (zh) * 2024-02-20 2024-03-22 华能煤炭技术研究有限公司 一种煤矿巷道快速掘进方法

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CN114856564A (zh) * 2022-04-15 2022-08-05 中煤科工开采研究院有限公司 一种冲击地压煤层巷道防冲卸压掘进方法

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CN113914859A (zh) * 2021-09-07 2022-01-11 中煤科工开采研究院有限公司 一种煤矿掘进巷道过断层防治冲击地压的方法
CN114215530A (zh) * 2021-11-29 2022-03-22 中国矿业大学 一种坚硬顶板定向水压致裂沿空巷道快速掘巷方法
CN114856564A (zh) * 2022-04-15 2022-08-05 中煤科工开采研究院有限公司 一种冲击地压煤层巷道防冲卸压掘进方法

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RU2396429C1 (ru) * 2009-07-09 2010-08-10 Анатолий Николаевич Осипов Способ разупрочнения приконтурного массива горных выработок при разработке угольных пластов
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117189112A (zh) * 2023-11-07 2023-12-08 中国矿业大学(北京) 遗滞煤柱定向钻扩孔-异孔除渣协同造洞卸控系统及方法
CN117189112B (zh) * 2023-11-07 2024-01-12 中国矿业大学(北京) 遗滞煤柱定向钻扩孔-异孔除渣协同造洞卸控系统及方法
CN117738688A (zh) * 2024-02-20 2024-03-22 华能煤炭技术研究有限公司 一种煤矿巷道快速掘进方法

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