WO2023197428A1 - 一种电驱桥和电动汽车 - Google Patents

一种电驱桥和电动汽车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023197428A1
WO2023197428A1 PCT/CN2022/097261 CN2022097261W WO2023197428A1 WO 2023197428 A1 WO2023197428 A1 WO 2023197428A1 CN 2022097261 W CN2022097261 W CN 2022097261W WO 2023197428 A1 WO2023197428 A1 WO 2023197428A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gear
transmission
drive axle
electric drive
sliding sleeve
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/097261
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李杉
邓跃跃
邓晶
闫宏翔
许坤
刘荣跃
王洪波
Original Assignee
特百佳动力科技有限公司
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Publication date
Application filed by 特百佳动力科技有限公司 filed Critical 特百佳动力科技有限公司
Priority to DE112022000043.0T priority Critical patent/DE112022000043T5/de
Publication of WO2023197428A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023197428A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/091—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears including a single countershaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/06—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing
    • B60K17/08—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing of mechanical type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/16—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing
    • B60K17/165—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing provided between independent half axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/001—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units one motor mounted on a propulsion axle for rotating right and left wheels of this axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/70—Gearings
    • B60Y2400/73—Planetary gearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/0021—Transmissions for multiple ratios specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0039—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising three forward speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H48/00—Differential gearings
    • F16H48/06—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion
    • F16H48/08—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion comprising bevel gears

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of automotive technology, and in particular to an electric drive axle and an electric vehicle.
  • the weight of cargo carried by commercial vehicles ranges from empty to 50 or 60 tons, and the transportation road conditions are diverse.
  • the main technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an electric drive axle and an electric vehicle.
  • the transmission system has an innovative structural design layout. Through a coupling gear mechanism, the two transmission modules at the front and rear of the axle housing are effectively combined to form a multi-speed gearbox.
  • the gear transmission system realizes a variety of power flow transmission modes. When used in conjunction with the motor, it is applied to the electric drive axle assembly of commercial vehicles. It can enable electric commercial vehicles to obtain the optimal balance of speed, traction and efficiency, and maximize the vehicle's light weight. It can meet the requirements for traction, speed and efficiency under load, heavy load, flat road operation, slope operation and other working conditions to reduce energy consumption and increase efficiency.
  • an electric drive axle which includes a drive assembly, a power coupling gear, a first gear transmission assembly, a second gear assembly and two halves connected through a differential. a shaft, the drive assembly is used to drive the differential;
  • the driving assembly includes a motor and a planetary gear mechanism drivingly connected to the motor.
  • the power coupling gear is provided on the corresponding half shaft.
  • the planetary gear mechanism is drivingly connected to the first gear transmission assembly through the power coupling gear. ;
  • the first gear transmission assembly is transmission connected with the differential
  • the planetary gear mechanism When the electric drive axle is in the second transmission mode, the planetary gear mechanism is drivingly connected to the second gear transmission assembly, the second gear transmission assembly is drivingly connected to the differential, and the first gear transmission assembly Disconnected from the differential drive.
  • the driving assembly further includes a first sliding sleeve shifting mechanism, and the first sliding sleeve shifting mechanism is fixed to the planet carrier of the planetary gear mechanism,
  • the first sliding sleeve shifting mechanism is transmission connected with the second gear transmission assembly.
  • the driving assembly and the first gear transmission assembly are respectively located on opposite sides of the power coupling gear.
  • the planet carrier of the planetary gear mechanism is provided with a first gear meshing with the power coupling gear
  • the first gear transmission assembly includes an intermediate shaft.
  • the intermediate shaft is provided with a second gear meshing with the power coupling gear.
  • the intermediate shaft is also provided with a third gear and a fourth gear.
  • the half shaft is provided with A fifth gear and a sixth gear connected to the differential are provided,
  • the third gear is transmission connected to the fifth gear or the fourth gear is transmission connection to the sixth gear.
  • it also includes a second sliding sleeve shifting mechanism slidingly sleeved on the intermediate shaft,
  • the second sliding sleeve shifting mechanism is transmission connected to the third gear, or the second sliding sleeve shifting mechanism is transmission connected to the fourth gear.
  • the second gear transmission assembly includes a seventh gear and an eighth gear provided on the half shaft and connected to the differential, and the seventh gear is provided on the On the output shaft of the motor;
  • the seventh gear is transmission connected with the eighth gear.
  • the power coupling gear includes a large gear and a pinion gear, the large gear meshes with the first gear, and the pinion gear meshes with the second gear.
  • the electric drive axle further includes a shift control unit electrically connected to the first sliding sleeve shifting mechanism and the second sliding sleeve shifting mechanism.
  • the shifting control unit The unit is used to control the sliding sleeve of the second sliding sleeve shift mechanism to be connected to the third gear or the fourth gear in the first transmission mode;
  • the sliding sleeve of the first sliding sleeve shifting mechanism is controlled to be drivingly connected to the second gear transmission assembly, and the sliding sleeve of the second sliding sleeve shifting mechanism is controlled to be connected to the third gear transmission assembly.
  • the gear is disconnected from the fourth gear transmission.
  • the fifth gear and the sixth gear are provided on one half shaft, and the eighth gear and the power coupling gear are provided on the other half shaft.
  • another technical solution adopted by the present invention is to provide an electric vehicle including the above-mentioned electric drive axle.
  • the electric drive axle and electric vehicle provided by the present invention can realize three transmission gears, so that the electric drive axle can realize a variety of power output modes and can flexibly cope with various application conditions of the vehicle, especially Suitable for commercial vehicles with large load variation range and diverse and complex working conditions.
  • This multi-speed transmission electric drive axle is used in electric commercial vehicles, with up to 3 gears, which can not only meet the maximum traction requirements of electric commercial vehicles when climbing hills, but also meet the maximum speed requirements.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of the electric drive axle of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is the power transmission route diagram of the first gear of the electric drive axle
  • Figure 3 is the power transmission route diagram of the second gear of the electric drive axle
  • Figure 4 is the power transmission route diagram of the third gear of the electric drive axle.
  • An electric drive axle includes a drive assembly, a power coupling gear 1, a first gear transmission assembly, a second gear assembly and two half shafts 3 connected through a differential 2.
  • the drive assembly is used to drive the differential 2.
  • the driving assembly includes a motor 4 and a planetary gear mechanism 5 that is drivingly connected to the motor 4.
  • the power coupling gear 1 is provided on one of the two half-shafts 3.
  • the planetary gear mechanism 5 transmits to the first gear transmission assembly through the power coupling gear 1. connect.
  • the planet carrier 6 of the planetary gear mechanism 5 is provided with a first gear 11 meshing with the power coupling gear 1 .
  • the planetary gear mechanism 5 can achieve the effect of deceleration and torque increase; the first gear 11 and the planet carrier 6 of the planetary gear mechanism 5 are fixed and hard-connected, and power can be transmitted to the power coupling gear 1 through the first gear 11 .
  • the electric drive axle When it is in the first gear and the second gear, the electric drive axle is in the first transmission mode, and the first gear transmission component is connected to the differential 2; when it is in the third gear, the electric drive axle is in the second transmission mode , the planetary gear mechanism 5 is transmission connected to the second gear transmission component, the second gear transmission component is transmission connection to the differential 2, and the first gear transmission component is transmission disconnected from the differential 2.
  • the above-mentioned driving assembly further includes a first sliding sleeve shifting mechanism 7 , and the first sliding sleeve shifting mechanism 7 is fixed to the planet carrier 6 of the planetary gear mechanism 5 .
  • the first sliding sleeve shift mechanism 7 is disconnected from the second gear transmission assembly; when the electric drive axle is in the second transmission mode, the first sliding sleeve shift mechanism 7 is connected to the second gear transmission assembly.
  • the transmission connection of the two gear transmission components Through the first sliding sleeve shifting mechanism 7, power transmission in two directions is achieved.
  • the driving assembly and the first gear transmission assembly are respectively located on opposite sides of the power coupling gear 2, forming a relatively balanced arrangement and realizing the multi-gear shifting function.
  • the first gear transmission assembly includes an intermediate shaft 9.
  • the intermediate shaft 9 is provided with a second gear 12 meshing with the power coupling gear 1.
  • the intermediate shaft 9 is also provided with a third gear 13 and a fourth gear 14.
  • the half shaft 3 is A fifth gear 15 and a sixth gear 16 connected to the differential 2 are provided.
  • the third gear 13 is transmission connected to the fifth gear 15 or the fourth gear 14 is transmission connected to the sixth gear 16 .
  • the gear pair composed of the third gear 13 and the fifth gear 15 forms the first gear; the gear pair composed of the fourth gear 14 and the sixth gear 16 forms the second gear.
  • the first gear transmission assembly also includes a second sliding sleeve shifting mechanism 8 that is sleeved on the intermediate shaft 9.
  • the second sliding sleeve shifting mechanism 8 and the third gear 13 transmit Connection, or transmission connection between the second sliding sleeve shifting mechanism 8 and the fourth gear 14, through the second sliding sleeve shifting mechanism 8, switching between different gears is realized.
  • the second gear transmission assembly includes a seventh gear 17 and an eighth gear 18 provided on the half shaft 3 and connected to the differential 2 .
  • the seventh gear 17 is provided on the output shaft 10 of the motor 4 .
  • the seventh gear 17 and the eighth gear 18 are transmission connected.
  • the gear pair composed of the seventh gear 17 and the eighth gear 18 forms a third gear.
  • the electric drive axle forms two power transmission routes: one of them is transmitted to the power coupling gear 1 through the first gear 11, and then to the third gear 13 and the fourth gear 14 and the fifth gear 15 and the sixth gear 16, respectively forming gears. group, forming a variable speed 1st gear and a variable speed 2nd gear power output; the other power transmission route transmits power to the eighth gear 18 through the seventh gear 17, forming a variable speed 3rd gear power output; the power of the two power transmission routes will be transmitted to on the two half shafts 3, and finally transmitted to the wheels 19 connected to the half shafts to realize motor power drive.
  • the power coupling gear 1 includes a large gear and a pinion gear.
  • the large gear meshes with the first gear 11 and the pinion gear meshes with the second gear 12 .
  • the fifth gear 15 and the sixth gear 16 are provided on one half shaft 3
  • the eighth gear 18 and the power coupling gear 1 are provided on the other half shaft 3 .
  • the power input by the motor 4 is transmitted to the power coupling gear 1 through the first gear 11, and is transmitted through the second gear 12 meshed with the power coupling gear 1.
  • the power is transmitted to the intermediate shaft 9, and then to the third gear 13 and the fifth gear 15 through the second sliding sleeve shifting mechanism 7 to form the first gear.
  • the power is transmitted to the differential 2, and then through the two half shafts 3.
  • the power is output to wheels 19.
  • the power input by the motor 4 is transmitted to the power coupling gear 1 through the first gear 11, transmitted to the second gear 12 and the shaft 9, and then through the third gear 11.
  • the two-sliding sleeve shifting mechanism 7 is transmitted to the fourth gear 14, and forms the second gear with the sixth gear 16, transmits the power to the differential 2, and then outputs the power to the wheels 19 through the two half shafts 3.
  • the electric drive axle also includes a shift control unit electrically connected to the first sliding sleeve shift mechanism 7 and the second sliding sleeve shift mechanism 8.
  • the shift control unit is used to control the third transmission mode in the first transmission mode.
  • the sliding sleeve of the two-sliding sleeve shifting mechanism 8 is drivingly connected to the third gear 13 or the fourth gear 14 .
  • the sliding sleeve of the first sliding sleeve shift mechanism 7 is controlled to be connected to the second gear transmission assembly, and the sliding sleeve of the second sliding sleeve shift mechanism 8 is controlled to be connected to the third gear 13 and the fourth gear 14 disconnect.
  • the sliding shifting of the first sliding sleeve shifting mechanism 7 and the second sliding sleeve shifting mechanism 8 is controlled by the shifting control unit, which is easy to operate.
  • the power is transmitted to the power coupling gear 1 through the first gear 11 to realize a power transmission route; when the first sliding sleeve shift mechanism 7 slides, the first gear 11 and the seventh gear shift mechanism 7 slide.
  • the gear 17 meshes to form another power transmission route.
  • the first gear 11 is always meshed with the power coupling gear 1; and the seventh gear 17 and the eighth gear 18 are meshed to form the third gear.
  • the power from the second gear transmission assembly is transmitted to the intermediate shaft 9 through the second gear 12; under the action of the second sliding sleeve shifting mechanism 8, output is formed through the third gear 13 and the fourth gear 14 respectively. Together with the fifth gear 15 and the sixth gear 16, a first gear and a second gear are formed.
  • the planetary gear mechanism can achieve a large multiple of deceleration and torque increase, which is conducive to the matching and optimization of the speed ratio of each gear; through structural innovation between the first gear and the bottom gas gear, the first sliding sleeve shift mechanism is optimized to achieve Power transmission routes in both directions;
  • the first gear transmission assembly is provided with a third gear and a fourth gear, and a second sliding sleeve shifting mechanism is provided between the third gear and the fourth gear, which can realize power transmission in two gears;
  • the present invention also provides an electric vehicle, including the above-mentioned electric drive axle.
  • the disclosed multi-speed transmission system can be applied to the electric drive axle assembly of commercial vehicles, and can also be applied to other transport vehicles with similar functions to electric commercial vehicles. electric drive axle.
  • the electric drive axle and electric vehicle provided by the present invention can choose to set different specific speed ratios according to different vehicles, different working conditions and loads, so as to achieve the optimal power and torque transmission of the vehicle and meet the requirements of Vehicle requirements for traction, speed and efficiency are required to achieve the lowest vehicle energy consumption requirements.

Abstract

本发明公开了一种电驱桥，包括驱动组件、动力耦合齿轮、第一齿轮传动组件、第二齿轮组件和通过差速器连接的两个半轴，所述驱动组件用于驱动所述差速器。通过上述方式，本发明提供的电驱桥和电动车，实现了3个变速档位，可以根据车辆载荷、路面情况、运输时间需求等，适时啮合不同的档位，适时实现车辆高效运行，提高运行效率，降低能源消耗，满足商用车多样化载荷和多样化工况的动力需求，获得高的运输效率和经济效益。

Description

一种电驱桥和电动汽车 技术领域
本发明涉及汽车技术领域，尤其涉及一种电驱桥和电动汽车。
背景技术
商用车运载货物的重量范围从空载到50、60吨，运输路况多种多样，为了保证各种工况下车辆运营能力和运营效率，必须保证不同工况下车辆输出的动力也要多样化，既能保证一定的速度，，又具有较高的效率。
现有技术中，电驱桥变速系统多为单一速比，不能同时兼顾速度和牵引力。而一些电驱桥具有两档变速的，虽然能够提供两种动力流模式，只能满足一部分工况的高效率需求，还会出现许多工况下，不能兼顾车速、牵引力以及高效率的平衡。
发明内容
本发明主要解决的技术问题是提供一种电驱桥和电动汽车，变速系统创新的结构设计布局，通过耦合齿轮机构，将车桥桥壳前后的两个传动模块有效地结合，组成多档位的齿轮传动系统，实现多种动力流传递模式，和电机相配合，应用于商用车电驱桥总成，可使电动商用车辆获得最优化的车速、牵引力以及效率平衡，最大限度地满足车辆轻载、重载，平路运行、坡道运行等各种工况对牵引力、速度及效率的要求，降低能耗、增加效益。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的一个技术方案是：提供一种电驱桥，包括驱动组件、动力耦合齿轮、第一齿轮传动组件、第二齿轮组件和通过差速器连接的两个半轴，所述驱动组件用于驱动所述差速器；
所述驱动组件包括电机以及与所述电机传动连接的行星齿轮机构，所述动力耦合齿轮设在相应所述半轴，所述行星齿轮机构通过动力耦合齿轮与所述第一齿轮传动组件传动连接；
当所述电驱桥处在第一传动模式，所述第一齿轮传动组件与所述差速器传动连接；
当所述电驱桥处在第二传动模式，所述行星齿轮机构与第二齿轮传动组件传动连接，所述第二齿轮传动组件与所述差速器传动连接，所述第一齿轮传动组件与所述差速器传动断开。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中，其特征在于，所述驱动组件还包括第 一滑套换挡机构，所述第一滑套换挡机构固定设在所述行星齿轮机构的行星架，
当所述电驱桥处在第一传动模式，所述第一滑套换挡机构与所述第二齿轮传动组件传动断开；
当所述电驱桥处在第二传动模式，所述第一滑套换挡机构与所述第二齿轮传动组件传动连接。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中，其特征在于，所述驱动组件和所述第一齿轮传动组件分别设在所述动力耦合齿轮相对侧。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中，所述行星齿轮机构的行星架设有与所述动力耦合齿轮啮合的第一齿轮；
所述第一齿轮传动组件包括中间轴，所述中间轴设有与所述动力耦合齿轮啮合的第二齿轮，所述中间轴上还设有第三齿轮和第四齿轮，所述半轴上设有与所述差速器连接的第五齿轮和第六齿轮，
当所述电驱桥处在第一传动模式，所述第三齿轮与所述第五齿轮传动连接或所述第四齿轮与第六齿轮传动连接。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中，还包括滑动套设在所述中间轴上的第二滑套换挡机构，
当所述电驱桥处在第一传动模式，所述第二滑套换挡机构与所述第三齿轮传动连接，或所述第二滑套换挡机构与所述第四齿轮传动连接。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中，所述第二齿轮传动组件包括第七齿轮以及设在所述半轴上与所述差速器连接的第八齿轮，所述第七齿轮设在所述电机的输出轴上；
当所述电驱桥处在第二传动模式，所述第七齿轮与所述第八齿轮传动连接。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中，所述动力耦合齿轮包括大齿轮和小齿轮，所述大齿轮与所述第一齿轮啮合，所述小齿轮与所述第二齿轮啮合。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中，所述电驱桥还包括与所述第一滑套换挡机构和所述第二滑套换挡机构电连接的换挡控制单元，所述换挡控制单元用于在所述第一传动模式，控制所述第二滑套换挡机构的滑套与所述第三齿轮或第四齿轮传动连接；
在所述第二传动模式，控制所述第一滑套换挡机构的滑套与所述第二齿轮传动组件传动连接，控制所述第二滑套换挡机构的滑套与所述第三齿轮和所述第四齿轮传动断开。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中，所述第五齿轮和所述第六齿轮设在一个半轴上，所述第八齿轮和所述动力耦合齿轮设在另一个半轴上。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的另一个技术方案是：提供一种电动汽车，包括上述所述的电驱桥。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明提供的电驱桥和电动车，可实现3个变速档位，使得电驱桥可以实现多种动力输出模式，可以灵活应对车辆的各种应用工况，尤其适合载荷变动范围大、工况多样复杂的商用车。该多档传动电驱桥应用于电动商用车辆，多达3个档位，既能满足电动商用车在爬坡时最大牵引力的要求，又能满足最高车速要求。
附图说明
图1是本发明电驱桥一较佳实施例的结构示意图；
图2是电驱桥1档动力传递路线图；
图3是电驱桥2档动力传递路线图；
图4是电驱桥3档动力传递路线图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的较佳实施例进行详细阐述，以使本发明的优点和特征能更易于被本领域技术人员理解，从而对本发明的保护范围做出更为清楚明确的界定。
一种电驱桥，包括驱动组件、动力耦合齿轮1、第一齿轮传动组件、第二齿轮组件和通过差速器2连接的两个半轴3，驱动组件用于驱动差速器2。
驱动组件包括电机4以及与电机4传动连接的行星齿轮机构5，动力耦合齿轮1设在两个半轴3的其中一个半轴，行星齿轮机构5通过动力耦合齿轮1与第一齿轮传动组件传动连接。其中，行星齿轮机构5的行星架6设有与动力耦合齿轮1啮合的第一齿轮11。行星齿轮机构5可以实现减速增扭的效果；第一齿轮11和行星齿轮机构5的行星架6固定硬连接，动力可以通过第一齿轮11传递到动力耦合齿轮1。
当处于变速1档和变速2档时，电驱桥处在第一传动模式，第一齿轮传动组件与差速器2传动连接；当处于变速3档时，电驱桥处在第二传动模式，行星齿轮机构5与第二齿轮传动组件传动连接，第二齿轮传动组件与差速器2传动连接，第一齿轮传动组件与差速器2传动断开。
在一些实施方式中，上述驱动组件还包括第一滑套换挡机构7，第一滑套换挡机构7固定设在行星齿轮机构5的行星架6。当电驱桥处在第一传动模式，第一滑套换挡机构7与第二齿轮传动组件传动断开；当电驱桥处在第二传动模式，第一滑套换挡机构7与第二齿轮传动组件传动连接。通过第一滑套换挡机构7，实现两个方向动力传递。
本实施例中，驱动组件和第一齿轮传动组件分别设在动力耦合齿轮2相对侧，形成相对均衡布置，并且实现多档位换挡变速功能。
其中，第一齿轮传动组件包括中间轴9，中间轴9设有与动力耦合齿 轮1啮合的第二齿轮12，中间轴9上还设有第三齿轮13和第四齿轮14，半轴3上设有与差速器2连接的第五齿轮15和第六齿轮16。
当电驱桥处在第一传动模式时，第三齿轮13与第五齿轮15传动连接或第四齿轮14与第六齿轮16传动连接。由第三齿轮13和第五齿轮15组成的齿轮副，形成变速1档；第四齿轮14和第六齿轮16组成的齿轮副，形成变速2档。
第一齿轮传动组件还包括滑动套设在中间轴9上的第二滑套换挡机构8，当电驱桥处在第一传动模式，第二滑套换挡机构8与第三齿轮13传动连接，或第二滑套换挡机构8与第四齿轮14传动连接，通过第二滑套换挡机构8，实现不同档位之间的切换。
其中，第二齿轮传动组件包括第七齿轮17以及设在半轴3上与差速器2连接的第八齿轮18，第七齿轮17设在电机4的输出轴10上。当电驱桥处在第二传动模式，第七齿轮17与第八齿轮18传动连接。由第七齿轮17和第八齿轮18组成的齿轮副，形成变速3档。
电驱桥形成两路动力传递路线：其中一路通过第一齿轮11传到动力耦合齿轮1，再传递到第三齿轮13和第四齿轮14与第五齿轮15和第六齿轮16，分别组成齿轮组，形成变速1档和变速2档动力输出；另一路动力传递路线是通过第七齿轮17将动力传递到第八齿轮18，形成变速3档动力输出；两路动力传递路线的动力都会传动到两个半轴3上，最终传递到与半轴相连接的车轮19上，实现电机动力驱动。
进一步的，动力耦合齿轮1包括大齿轮和小齿轮，大齿轮与第一齿轮11啮合，小齿轮与第二齿轮12啮合。第五齿轮15和第六齿轮16设在一个半轴3上，第八齿轮18和动力耦合齿轮1设在另一个半轴3上。
参见图2所示的变速1档的动力传动路线图，在该档位，电机4输入的动力通过第一齿轮11传入动力耦合齿轮1，通过与动力耦合齿轮1啮合的第二齿轮12将动力传递至中间轴9，再通过第二滑套换挡机构7传到第三齿轮13和第五齿轮15组成变速1档，将动力传入差速器2，再通过两个半轴3将动力输出到车轮19上。
参见图3所示的变速2档的动力传动路线图，在该档位，电机4输入的动力通过第一齿轮11传入动力耦合齿轮1，传到第二齿轮12及轴9，再通过第二滑套换挡机构7传到第四齿轮14，与第六齿轮16组成变速2档，将动力传入差速器2，再通过两个半轴3将动力输出到车轮19上。
参见图4所示的变速3档的动力传动路线图，在该档位，电机4输入的动力通过行星齿轮机构5、第一滑套换挡机构7、第七齿轮17，通过第八齿轮18传入差速器2，再通过两个半轴3将动力输出到车轮19上。
本实施例中，电驱桥还包括与第一滑套换挡机构7和第二滑套换挡机构8电连接的换挡控制单元，换挡控制单元用于在第一传动模式，控制第二滑套换挡机构8的滑套与第三齿轮13或第四齿轮14传动连接。 在第二传动模式，控制第一滑套换挡机构7的滑套与第二齿轮传动组件传动连接，控制第二滑套换挡机构8的滑套与第三齿轮13和第四齿轮14传动断开。通过换挡控制单元来控制第一滑套换挡机构7和第二滑套换挡机构8的滑动换挡，操作简便。
第一滑套换档机构7不滑动时，动力通过第一齿轮11传递到动力耦合齿轮1，实现一路动力传递路线；第一滑套换档机构7滑动时，使第一齿轮11与第七齿轮17啮合形成另一路动力传递路线。其中，第一齿轮11与动力耦合齿轮1始终啮合；而第七齿轮17和第八齿轮18啮合形成变速3档。从第二齿轮传动组件过来的动力，通过第二齿轮12，传递到中间轴9；在第二滑套换挡机构8的作用下，分别通过第三齿轮13和第四齿轮14形成输出，分别与第五齿轮15和第六齿轮16形成变速1档和变速2档。
本发明提供的电驱桥的有益效果为：
1、行星齿轮机构可以实现较大的减速增扭的倍数，有利于各档位速比的匹配优化；第一齿轮和底气齿轮之间通过结构创新，优化设置第一滑套换挡机构，实现两个方向的动力传递路线；
2、第一齿轮传动组件设有第三齿轮和第四齿轮，而第三齿轮和第四齿轮之间设置有第二滑套换挡机构，可以实现两个档位的动力传递；
3、设置动力耦合齿轮，该齿轮设置成一大一小两个齿轮组合，大齿轮与所述第一齿轮啮合，所述小齿轮与所述第二齿轮啮合，可以配置出需要的范围宽大的速比，在有效的布置空间内实现商用车应用工况所要求的电驱桥变速速比。
本发明还提供一种电动汽车，包括上述所述的电驱桥，所公开的多档变速系统可以应用在商用车电驱桥总成，也可以应用在其他与电动商用车功能类似的运输车辆的电驱桥。
综上所述，本发明提供的电驱桥和电动车，可以根据不同的车辆、不同的工况和载荷，可以选择设置不同的具体速比，以实现车辆最优化的功率、扭矩传递，满足车辆对牵引力、速度及效率的要求，实现最低的车辆能量消耗要求。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电驱桥，其特征在于，包括驱动组件、动力耦合齿轮、第一齿轮传动组件、第二齿轮组件和通过差速器连接的两个半轴，所述驱动组件用于驱动所述差速器；
    所述驱动组件包括电机以及与所述电机传动连接的行星齿轮机构，所述动力耦合齿轮设在相应所述半轴，所述行星齿轮机构通过动力耦合齿轮与所述第一齿轮传动组件传动连接；
    当所述电驱桥处在第一传动模式，所述第一齿轮传动组件与所述差速器传动连接；
    当所述电驱桥处在第二传动模式，所述行星齿轮机构与第二齿轮传动组件传动连接，所述第二齿轮传动组件与所述差速器传动连接，所述第一齿轮传动组件与所述差速器传动断开。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电驱桥，其特征在于，所述驱动组件还包括第一滑套换挡机构，所述第一滑套换挡机构固定设在所述行星齿轮机构的行星架，
    当所述电驱桥处在第一传动模式，所述第一滑套换挡机构与所述第二齿轮传动组件传动断开；
    当所述电驱桥处在第二传动模式，所述第一滑套换挡机构与所述第二齿轮传动组件传动连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电驱桥，其特征在于，所述驱动组件和所述第一齿轮传动组件分别设在所述动力耦合齿轮相对侧。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电驱桥，其特征在于，所述行星齿轮机构的行星架设有与所述动力耦合齿轮啮合的第一齿轮；
    所述第一齿轮传动组件包括中间轴，所述中间轴设有与所述动力耦合齿轮啮合的第二齿轮，所述中间轴上还设有第三齿轮和第四齿轮，所述半轴上设有与所述差速器连接的第五齿轮和第六齿轮，
    当所述电驱桥处在第一传动模式，所述第三齿轮与所述第五齿轮传动连接或所述第四齿轮与第六齿轮传动连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电驱桥，其特征在于，还包括滑动套设在所述中间轴上的第二滑套换挡机构，
    当所述电驱桥处在第一传动模式，所述第二滑套换挡机构与所述第三齿轮传动连接，或所述第二滑套换挡机构与所述第四齿轮传动连接。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的电驱桥，其特征在于，所述第二齿轮传动组件包括第七齿轮以及设在所述半轴上与所述差速器连接的第八齿轮，所述第七齿轮设在所述电机的输出轴上；
    当所述电驱桥处在第二传动模式，所述第七齿轮与所述第八齿轮传 动连接。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的电驱桥，其特征在于，所述动力耦合齿轮包括大齿轮和小齿轮，所述大齿轮与所述第一齿轮啮合，所述小齿轮与所述第二齿轮啮合。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的电驱桥，其特征在于，所述电驱桥还包括与所述第一滑套换挡机构和所述第二滑套换挡机构电连接的换挡控制单元，所述换挡控制单元用于在所述第一传动模式，控制所述第二滑套换挡机构的滑套与所述第三齿轮或第四齿轮传动连接；
    在所述第二传动模式，控制所述第一滑套换挡机构的滑套与所述第二齿轮传动组件传动连接，控制所述第二滑套换挡机构的滑套与所述第三齿轮和所述第四齿轮传动断开。
  9. 根据权利要求4所述的电驱桥，其特征在于，所述第五齿轮和所述第六齿轮设在一个半轴上，所述第八齿轮和所述动力耦合齿轮设在另一个半轴上。
  10. 一种电动汽车，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-9任一项所述的电驱桥。
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