WO2023193540A1 - 极片、电极组件、电池单体、电池和用电装置 - Google Patents

极片、电极组件、电池单体、电池和用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023193540A1
WO2023193540A1 PCT/CN2023/078425 CN2023078425W WO2023193540A1 WO 2023193540 A1 WO2023193540 A1 WO 2023193540A1 CN 2023078425 W CN2023078425 W CN 2023078425W WO 2023193540 A1 WO2023193540 A1 WO 2023193540A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
piece
active material
layer
base film
negative electrode
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/078425
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
常雯
付成华
郭锁刚
叶永煌
朱畅
韩文阁
张焱
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to EP23784104.4A priority Critical patent/EP4391104A1/en
Publication of WO2023193540A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023193540A1/zh
Priority to US18/634,227 priority patent/US20240266548A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/665—Composites
    • H01M4/667—Composites in the form of layers, e.g. coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0583—Construction or manufacture of accumulators with folded construction elements except wound ones, i.e. folded positive or negative electrodes or separators, e.g. with "Z"-shaped electrodes or separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0585—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of batteries, specifically to pole pieces, electrode assemblies, battery cells, batteries and electrical devices.
  • Electric vehicles have become an important part of the sustainable development of the automobile industry due to their advantages in energy conservation and environmental protection.
  • battery technology is an important factor related to their development.
  • the electrode assemblies of batteries usually include folded electrode assemblies and laminated electrode assemblies.
  • the foldable electrode assembly the positive electrode piece, the negative electrode piece, and the separator between the positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece are folded to form the electrode assembly.
  • the laminated electrode assembly the electrode pieces are cut into single-piece electrode pieces, and the single-piece positive electrode piece, the single-piece negative electrode piece, and the separator between the positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece are alternately stacked on each other. to form an electrode assembly.
  • a foldable electrode assembly when the pole piece is folded, there is a risk that the active material on the pole piece will fall off from the corners formed.
  • the pole pieces In the laminated electrode assembly, the pole pieces need to be cut into single-piece pole pieces first. During the cutting process, the risk of metal burrs being exposed is increased, and the risk of the active material on the pole piece being cut and dropped is also increased.
  • the present application provides a pole piece, electrode assembly, battery cell, battery and electrical device, which can alleviate the problem of active material falling off on the pole piece.
  • this application provides a pole piece, which includes:
  • the current collector includes a base film layer and a metal layer, the metal layer is arranged on the base film layer in a spaced manner from each other;
  • Active material layers are coated on the base film layer in a spaced manner from each other and each active material layer at least partially covers the corresponding metal layer.
  • the metal layers are spaced apart from each other and the active material layers are spaced apart from each other, between the metal layer and the active material There is a gap between the base film layer and the adjacent metal layer and active material layer, so that there is a portion of the base film layer that is not provided with a metal layer and is not covered by the active material layer. Since this part is not provided with a metal layer and is not covered by the active material layer, there is no risk of the active material layer falling off even if it is bent or cut, thereby overcoming the defects in the prior art.
  • the base film layer is non-conductive.
  • the base film layer is non-conductive, so that no conductive part of the pole piece is exposed whether it is cut or bent, reducing the risk of short circuit.
  • the metal layer is disposed on one or both sides of the base film layer.
  • each active material layer completely covers the corresponding metal layer, which can reduce the possibility of accidentally cutting the metal layer during cutting and avoid the generation of metal burrs and the exposure of the metal surface. possible.
  • the portion of the base film layer that is not provided with the metal layer and is not covered by the active material layer forms a cut portion or a corner portion
  • the portion of the base film layer that is provided with the metal layer and is covered by the active material layer forms a cut portion or a corner portion. Partially forms a straight part.
  • the lengths of the metal layers are equal to each other, and the lengths of the active material layers are equal to each other.
  • the metal layer is attached to the base film layer by vacuum evaporation, bonding or mechanical coupling.
  • the thickness of the metal layer ranges from 0.01 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m.
  • the present application provides an electrode assembly.
  • the electrode assembly includes a positive electrode piece, a negative electrode piece, and a separator disposed between the positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece.
  • the feature is that the positive electrode piece is composed of the above electrode piece.
  • the plate formation and/or the negative electrode plate is formed from the electrode plate as above.
  • the metal layers are spaced apart from each other and the active material layers are spaced apart from each other, there is a gap between the metal layer and the active material layer and the adjacent metal layer and active material layer, so that the base film layer is not provided with metal layer and the part not covered by the active material layer. Since this part is not provided with a metal layer and is not covered by the active material layer, there is no risk of the active material layer falling off even if it is bent or cut, thereby overcoming the defects in the prior art.
  • portion used to form the corner portion is not provided with a metal layer and is not covered by the active material layer, there is no risk of lithium precipitation even if this portion breaks.
  • the parts of the pole piece used to form the straight portion and the corner portion are relatively obvious and clear, the probability of misalignment can be reduced during folding and assembly, the assembly efficiency can be improved, and the safety performance of the stacked battery can be further improved.
  • the positive electrode piece is configured to be formed into a single-piece positive electrode piece by cutting a portion of the base film layer that is not provided with a metal layer and is not covered by the active material layer
  • the negative electrode piece is The sheet is configured to be formed into a single-piece negative electrode piece by cutting a portion of the base film layer that is not provided with a metal layer and is not covered by an active material layer, and the positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece are alternately stacked and arranged.
  • the length of the monolithic positive electrode tab is less than the length of the monolithic negative electrode tab.
  • the length of the active material layer of the single-piece positive electrode plate is less than the length of the active material layer of the single-piece negative electrode plate.
  • This size relationship between the positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece is conducive to sufficient space for the lithium ions that have escaped from the edge of the positive electrode to embed in the negative electrode, which can reduce the risk of lithium precipitation.
  • the base film layer of the single-piece positive electrode piece is cut such that the length of the base film layer is approximately equal to the length of the active material layer, and the base film layer of the single-piece negative electrode piece is cut The length of the base film layer is approximately equal to the length of the active material layer.
  • the electrode assembly is configured such that the portion of the base film layer of the positive electrode sheet that is not provided with a metal layer and is not covered by the active material layer is folded, and the portion of the base film layer of the negative electrode sheet that is not provided with a metal layer is folded.
  • the portion that has the metal layer and is not covered by the active material layer is folded so that the portion of the positive electrode piece that is provided with the metal layer and is covered by the active material layer and the portion of the negative electrode piece that is provided with the metal layer and is covered by the active material layer are mutually exclusive. Alternately arranged in layers.
  • the length of the portion of the positive electrode piece provided with the metal layer and covered by the active material layer is smaller than the length of the portion of the negative electrode piece provided with the metal layer and covered by the active material layer. This size relationship between the positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece is conducive to the dissociation of lithium ions from the positive electrode to the negative electrode, which can reduce the risk of lithium precipitation.
  • the present application provides a battery cell.
  • the battery cell includes a case and the above electrode assembly, and the electrode assembly is disposed in the case.
  • the present application provides a battery, including the battery cell of the above embodiment.
  • the present application provides an electrical device, including the battery cell of the above embodiment and/or a battery, for providing electrical energy to the electrical device.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a pole piece according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a positive electrode plate according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a negative electrode plate according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an electrode assembly according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an electrode assembly according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of an electrode assembly according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an electrode assembly according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of an electrode assembly according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Pole piece 1 current collector 20; active material layer 30; base film layer 22; metal layer 24; gap 222; portion 224;
  • Positive electrode piece 11 positive current collector 120; positive active material layer 130; positive base film layer 122; positive metal layer 124;
  • Electrode assembly 5 diaphragm 52.
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the present application.
  • the appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those skilled in the art understand, both explicitly and implicitly, that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two).
  • multiple groups refers to two or more groups (including two groups), and “multiple pieces” refers to It is more than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • Power batteries are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydropower, thermal power, wind power and solar power stations, but are also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles and electric cars, as well as in many fields such as military equipment and aerospace. . As the application fields of power batteries continue to expand, their market demand is also constantly expanding.
  • Batteries typically include a case and an electrode assembly housed within the case. Electrode assemblies are usually formed by stacking or folding or rolling continuous pole pieces.
  • the pole pieces include positive pole pieces and negative pole pieces.
  • the continuous pole piece usually includes a current collector and an active material layer continuously coated on the current collector. The active material layer can be coated on one side or both sides of the current collector.
  • the electrode assemblies of batteries usually include folded electrode assemblies, laminated electrode assemblies and wound electrode assemblies.
  • the foldable electrode assembly the positive electrode piece, the negative electrode piece, and the separator between the positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece work together.
  • the rows are folded to form an electrode assembly. After folding, both the positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece form multi-layered straight portions and corner portions, and adjacent straight portions are connected through the corner portions.
  • the pole pieces may break at the corners when bent. In the event that the corner portion of the negative electrode piece breaks, there will be no corresponding area at the corner portion of the corresponding positive electrode piece, so there is a risk of lithium precipitation. If the corner of the positive electrode piece breaks, burrs will form at the corner, which may pierce the separator between the negative electrode piece and the positive electrode piece.
  • the electrode pieces are cut into single-piece electrode pieces, and the single-piece positive electrode piece, the single-piece negative electrode piece, and the separator between the positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece are alternately stacked on each other. to form an electrode assembly.
  • each single-piece pole piece has four cutting edges, which increases the risk of metal burrs being exposed and the risk of the active material layer on the pole piece being cut and falling off.
  • the electrode assembly disclosed in the embodiment of the present application can be used in, but is not limited to, electrical devices such as vehicles, ships, or aircrafts.
  • a power supply system including the pole pieces, electrode assemblies, batteries, etc. disclosed in the present application can be used to form the electrical device. In this way, the risk of active materials falling on the pole pieces of the battery's electrode assembly can be reduced.
  • the battery of this application can be used as a power source for electrical devices, which can be but are not limited to mobile phones, tablets, laptops, electric toys, power tools, battery cars, electric cars, ships, spacecraft, etc.
  • electric toys can include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, electric airplane toys, etc.
  • spacecraft can include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a pole piece according to some embodiments of the present application
  • Figures 2 to 3 are schematic diagrams of some implementations of the present application. Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece of the example.
  • this application provides a pole piece 1, which includes a current collector 20 and an active material layer 30.
  • the current collector 20 may be a composite current collector, including a base film layer 22 and a metal layer 24 .
  • the metal layers 24 are provided on the base film layer 22 in a spaced manner from each other.
  • the active material layers 30 are coated on the base film layer 22 in a spaced manner from each other, and each active material layer 30 at least partially covers the corresponding metal layer 24 .
  • the base film layer 22 may be a continuous base film layer, and the metal layer 24 may be a plurality of metal layers distributed on the base film layer 22, and these metal layers 24 are spaced apart from each other.
  • the active material layer 30 may be a plurality of active material layers distributed on the base film layer 22, and the active material layers 30 are spaced apart from each other. Generally speaking, the number of metals in the active material layer 30 The number of layers 24 is the same, so that each active material layer 30 can cover its corresponding metal layer 24 , and each metal layer 24 is covered by the active material layer 30 .
  • Figure 1 shows a part of a pole piece according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the base film layer 22, four metal layers 24 and corresponding four active material layers 30 of the pole piece 1 are shown.
  • the above structures and numbers are only illustrative and not limiting, and the number of metal layers 24 and active material layers 30 may be more or less than four.
  • the pole piece 1 constructed according to the present application can avoid the above-mentioned defects existing in the prior art.
  • the pole piece 1 When forming a folded or rolled electrode assembly from the pole piece 1, the pole piece 1 is folded, and the portion of the pole piece 1 provided with the metal layer 24 and covered by the active material layer 30 can be used to form a straight portion, while the pole piece 1 is folded.
  • the portion 224 of the sheet 1 that is not provided with the metal layer 24 and is not covered by the active material layer 30 can be used to form corners. Since this part 224 is not provided with the metal layer 24 and is not covered by the active material layer 30 , the risk of the corner metal layer being exposed is avoided, and even if it is bent, there is no risk of the active material layer falling off, thus overcoming the current problem. There are flaws in the technology.
  • the portion 224 used to form the corner portion is not provided with the metal layer 24 and is not covered by the active material layer 30, even if the portion 224 breaks, there is no risk of short circuit or/and lithium deposition. .
  • the parts used to form the straight portion and the corner portion on the pole piece 1 are relatively obvious and clear, the probability of misalignment can be reduced during folding and assembly, the assembly efficiency can be improved, and the safety performance of the stacked battery can be further improved.
  • the pole piece 1 When forming a laminated electrode assembly from the pole piece 1, the pole piece 1 is cut into a single-piece pole piece, and the portion 224 of the pole piece 1 that is not provided with the metal layer 24 and is not covered by the active material layer 30 can be used be cut, and ensure that the portion of the pole piece 1 provided with the metal layer 24 and covered by the active material layer 30 will not be cut. Since the portion 224 is not provided with the metal layer 24 and is not covered by the active material layer 30, cutting the portion 224 will not cause the active material layer 30 to fall off, nor will the metal layer form burrs, thus overcoming the problem. defects in the existing technology.
  • the base film layer 22 of the current collector 20 may be a non-conductive base film layer.
  • the base film layer 22 may be made of a non-conductive material, such as a polymer layer, including polypropylene, polyamide, Made of materials selected from the group of epoxy resin or similar, and their combinations.
  • the base film layer 22 is non-conductive, so that the conductive part of the pole piece 1 will not be exposed no matter when it is cut or bent.
  • the portion 224 of the pole piece 1 that is not provided with the metal layer 24 and is not covered by the active material layer 30 is used to form a corner portion, since this portion 224 of the base film layer 22 is non-conductive, even if it breaks In this case, there will be no exposed conductive parts (such as metal layers), reducing the risk of short circuit.
  • the metal layer 24 may be disposed on one side or both sides of the base film layer 22 .
  • FIG. 1 shows that the metal layer 24 is disposed on both sides of the base film layer 22 , which is also called a double-sided pole piece.
  • the metal layer 24 can also be disposed only on the base film layer 22 . On one side, this is also called a single sided pole piece.
  • the active material layer 30 may be disposed on one side or both sides of the base film layer 22 to cover the corresponding metal layer 24 .
  • FIG. 1 shows that the active material layer 30 is disposed on both sides of the base film layer 22 and covers the metal layers 24 on both sides of the base film layer 22 respectively, as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • each active material layer 30 can completely cover the corresponding metal layer 24 .
  • FIG. 1 shows an example in which the active material layer 30 completely covers the metal layer 24 .
  • the active material layer 30 completely covers the metal layer 24 so that the metal layer 24 is not exposed to the external environment and reduces the risk of lithium precipitation.
  • the active material layer 30 completely covers the metal layer 24, which can reduce the possibility of accidentally cutting the metal layer during cutting and avoid the generation of metal burrs.
  • the portion of the pole piece 1 provided with the metal layer 24 and covered by the active material layer 30 can be used to form a straight portion, while the pole piece 1 is provided with the metal layer 24 and covered by the active material layer 30.
  • the portion 224 of the sheet 1 that is not provided with the metal layer 24 and is not covered by the active material layer 30 can be used to form corners.
  • the portion 224 of the pole piece 1 that is not provided with the metal layer 24 and is not covered by the active material layer 30 can be used to form a cutting portion to facilitate cutting to form a single unit. After cutting the piece-type pole piece, the portion provided with the metal layer 24 and covered by the active material layer 30 can form a straight portion.
  • the length of each metal layer 24 may be equal.
  • “Length” here may be, for example, a dimension measured along the left-right direction on the page of FIG. 1 .
  • the lengths of the active material layers 30 covering each metal layer 24 may also be equal. In this way, the single-piece pole pieces cut from the same pole piece 1 can have approximately the same size, or the straight portions formed after the pole piece 1 is folded can have approximately the same size.
  • the metal layer 24 can be attached to the base film layer 22 in a variety of ways.
  • the metal layer 24 can be attached to the base film layer through vacuum evaporation, bonding or mechanical coupling. 22 on.
  • any suitable method known in the art can be used to attach the metal layer 24 to the base film layer 22 to form the composite current collector 20 .
  • the thickness of the metal layer 24 can be selected according to the needs of practical applications, for example, it can be 0.01 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m. Those skilled in the art will understand that the thickness of the metal layer 24 may also adopt any other suitable range.
  • the metal layer 24 can be made of any suitable metal material, for example, it can be made of aluminum or copper to form an aluminum foil layer or a copper foil layer.
  • Figures 4-8 are schematic cross-sectional structural diagrams of electrode assemblies according to some embodiments of the present application
  • Figures 2 to 3 are schematic diagrams of Schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece of the electrode assembly according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIGS 4-8 illustrate several examples of electrode assemblies.
  • This application provides an electrode assembly 5 , including a positive electrode piece 11 , a negative electrode piece 31 , and a separator 52 disposed between the positive electrode piece 11 and the negative electrode piece 31 .
  • the positive electrode piece 11 can be formed from the above-mentioned pole piece 1
  • the negative electrode piece 31 can also be formed from the above-mentioned pole piece 1.
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of a positive electrode tab 11 .
  • the positive electrode sheet 11 includes a positive current collector 120 and a positive active material layer 130 coated on the positive current collector 120 .
  • the positive electrode current collector 120 includes a positive electrode base film layer 122 and a positive electrode metal layer 124 disposed on the positive electrode base film layer 122 .
  • the cathode metal layer 124 can be spaced apart on the cathode base film layer 122
  • the cathode active material layer 130 can also be spaced apart on the cathode base film layer 122 and cover the corresponding cathode metal layer. 124.
  • the positive electrode piece 11 shown in FIG. 2 is a double-sided electrode piece, that is, a positive electrode metal layer 124 and a corresponding positive electrode active material layer 130 are provided on both sides of the positive electrode base film layer 122.
  • the positive electrode piece 11 may also be in the form of a single-sided electrode piece, that is, only one side of the positive electrode base film layer 122 is provided with the positive electrode metal layer 124 and the corresponding positive electrode active material layer 130, as shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the positive electrode sheet 11 shown in FIG. 2 is continuous, that is, a plurality of spaced positive electrode metal layers 124 and corresponding plurality of positive electrode active material layers 130 are provided on the positive electrode base film layer 122.
  • the positive electrode piece 11 can also be a single-piece positive electrode piece, that is, a positive electrode metal layer 124 and a corresponding positive electrode active material layer 130 are provided on one side of the positive electrode base film layer 122, or each side of the positive electrode base film layer 122 is provided with There is a positive electrode metal layer 124 and a corresponding positive electrode active material layer 130, as shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the lengths of the positive metal layers 124 on the positive electrode sheet 11 may be equal to each other, and the lengths of the corresponding positive electrode active material layers 130 may also be equal to each other.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of the negative electrode tab 31 .
  • the negative electrode piece 31 includes a negative electrode current collector 320 and a negative electrode current collector 320 coated on the negative electrode.
  • the negative electrode current collector 320 includes a negative electrode base film layer 322 and a negative electrode metal layer 324 disposed on the negative electrode base film layer 322 .
  • the negative electrode metal layer 324 can be spaced apart on the negative electrode base film layer 322, and the negative electrode active material layer 330 can also be spaced apart on the negative electrode base film layer 322 and cover the corresponding negative electrode metal layer. 324.
  • the negative electrode piece 31 shown in FIG. 3 is a double-sided electrode piece, that is, a negative electrode metal layer 324 and a corresponding negative electrode active material layer 330 are provided on both sides of the negative electrode base film layer 322.
  • the negative electrode piece 31 may also be in the form of a single-sided electrode piece, that is, only one side of the negative electrode base film layer 322 is provided with the negative electrode metal layer 324 and the corresponding negative electrode active material layer 330, as shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the negative electrode sheet 31 shown in FIG. 3 is continuous, that is, a plurality of spaced negative electrode metal layers 324 and corresponding plurality of negative electrode active material layers 330 are provided on the negative electrode base film layer 322.
  • the negative electrode piece 31 can also be a single-piece negative electrode piece, that is, one side of the negative electrode base film layer 322 is provided with a negative electrode metal layer 324 and a corresponding negative electrode active material layer 330, or two sides of the negative electrode base film layer 322 are provided on each side.
  • the lengths of the negative electrode metal layers 324 on the negative electrode plate 31 may be equal to each other, and the lengths of the corresponding negative electrode active material layers 330 may also be equal to each other.
  • the positive metal layer 124 on the positive electrode piece 11 can be an aluminum foil layer with a thickness in the range of 0.01 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m
  • the negative electrode metal layer 324 on the negative electrode piece 31 can be a copper foil layer with a thickness in the range of 0.01 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m. Between 0.01 ⁇ m and 3 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the electrode assembly 5 according to the present application, wherein the electrode assembly 5 is a laminated electrode assembly.
  • the positive electrode tab 11 may be configured to be formed into a single-piece positive electrode tab by cutting a portion of the positive electrode base film layer 122 that is not provided with a positive electrode metal layer and is not covered by a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode piece 11 adopts the form of a double-sided electrode piece, which is formed with a positive electrode metal layer 124 and a positive electrode active material layer on each side of the positive electrode base film layer 122 . 130 single piece positive electrode piece.
  • the negative electrode tab 31 is configured to be formed into a single-piece negative electrode tab by cutting a portion of the negative electrode base film layer 322 that is not provided with the negative electrode metal layer and is not covered by the negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode piece 31 is in the form of a double-sided electrode piece, which is formed with a negative electrode metal layer 324 and a negative electrode active material layer on each side of the negative electrode base film layer 322 . 330 single piece negative electrode piece.
  • the positive electrode piece 11 in the form of a single piece pole piece and the negative electrode piece 31 in the form of a single piece pole piece are alternately stacked on each other, and at the same time, a separator 52 is provided between the positive electrode piece 11 and the negative electrode piece 31.
  • the positive electrode piece 11 is disposed in the middle of the electrode assembly 5
  • the two negative electrode pieces 31 are respectively disposed on both sides of the positive electrode piece 11 to sandwich the positive electrode piece 11 .
  • both the positive electrode piece 11 and the negative electrode piece 31 are in the form of double-sided electrode pieces, but those skilled in the art should understand that this is only an example, and the positive electrode piece 11 can be in the form of a single-sided electrode piece.
  • the negative pole piece 31 can also be in the form of a single-sided pole piece.
  • the positive electrode piece 11 is a single-sided electrode piece and the negative electrode piece 31 is a double-sided electrode piece, or the positive electrode piece 11 is a double-sided electrode piece and the negative electrode piece 31 is a single-sided electrode piece, or the positive electrode piece 11 and the negative electrode
  • the pole pieces 31 are all single-sided pole pieces.
  • the length of the positive electrode piece 11 in the form of a single-piece electrode piece may be less than or equal to the length of the negative electrode piece 31 in the form of a single-piece electrode piece, or the positive electrode activity on the positive electrode piece 11
  • the length of the material layer 130 may be less than or equal to the length of the negative active material layer 330 on the negative electrode piece 31 .
  • "Length" here may be, for example, a dimension measured along the left-right direction on the page of FIG. 4 . This size relationship between the positive electrode piece 11 and the negative electrode piece 31 is conducive to the lithium ions extracted from the positive electrode dissociating to the negative electrode, which can reduce the risk of lithium precipitation.
  • the positive electrode base film layer 122 of the positive electrode plate 11 in the form of a single-piece electrode plate can be cut so that the length of the positive electrode base film layer 122 is approximately equal to the cathode active material layer 130
  • the negative electrode base film layer 322 of the negative electrode plate 31 in the form of a single-piece electrode plate can be cut so that the length of the negative electrode base film layer 322 is approximately equal to the length of the negative electrode active material layer 330 .
  • Such a structure can help save the space occupied by the non-pole pieces and improve the energy density of the electrode assembly. In the example shown in FIG.
  • the length of the positive electrode base film layer 122 is slightly longer than the length of the positive electrode active material layer 130
  • the length of the negative electrode base film layer 322 is slightly longer than the length of the negative electrode active material layer 330 . This is to reduce the cutting potential. The possibility of cutting into the active material layer during tableting.
  • Figures 5-8 illustrate several embodiments of the electrode assembly 5 according to the present application, wherein the electrode assembly 5 is a foldable electrode assembly.
  • the portion of the positive base film layer 122 of the positive electrode piece 11 that is not provided with a positive electrode metal layer and is not covered by the positive electrode active material layer is folded, and the portion of the negative electrode base film layer 322 of the negative electrode piece 31 that is not provided with a negative electrode metal layer and is not covered by the positive electrode active material layer is folded.
  • the portion covered by the negative active material layer is folded, so that the portion of the positive electrode piece 11 provided with the positive electrode metal layer 124 and covered by the positive electrode active material layer 130 is the same as the portion of the negative electrode piece 31 provided with the negative electrode metal layer 324 and covered by the negative electrode active material layer.
  • the portions covered by 330 are alternately stacked on each other, and a separator 52 is provided between the positive electrode piece 11 and the negative electrode piece 31 , thereby forming the electrode assembly 5 .
  • Figure 5 shows an embodiment of the electrode assembly 5 according to the present application, in which the positive electrode pieces 11 of the electrode assembly 5 are all in the form of single-sided positive electrode pieces, and the negative electrode pieces 31 are all in the form of single-sided negative electrode pieces. .
  • the positive electrode piece 11 includes three spaced apart positive electrode metal layers 124 and correspondingly spaced apart three positive electrode active material layers 130 .
  • the negative electrode piece 31 includes spaced apart Three negative electrode metal layers 324 and three negative electrode active material layers 330 are correspondingly spaced apart.
  • the positive electrode piece 11 and the negative electrode piece 31 are placed side by side, so that the positive electrode metal layer 124 and the positive electrode active material layer 130 face the negative electrode metal layer 324 and the negative electrode active material.
  • the separator 52 is inserted between the positive electrode piece 11 and the negative electrode piece 31, and then the positive electrode piece 11, the negative electrode piece 31 and the separator 52 are folded twice at the two corners to obtain The structure shown in Figure 5.
  • Figure 6 shows an embodiment of the electrode assembly 5 according to the present application, in which the positive electrode pieces 11 of the electrode assembly 5 are all in the form of double-sided positive electrode pieces, and the negative electrode pieces 31 are all in the form of double-sided negative electrode pieces. .
  • the positive electrode tab 11 and the negative electrode tab 31 are folded at their respective corners, and then they are stacked so that the straight portions of the positive electrode tab 11 and the straight portions of the negative electrode tab 31 alternate. are arranged stacked on each other, and the separator 52 is interposed between the positive electrode piece 11 and the negative electrode piece 31 .
  • FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of the electrode assembly 5 according to the present application.
  • the electrode assembly 5 is based on the electrode assembly of FIG. 6 and adds a single-sided electrode under the straight part of the lower positive electrode piece 11.
  • Single piece negative electrode piece 31 The addition of the single-sided single-piece negative electrode piece 31 is conducive to further effectively utilizing the positive electrode piece 11 below, avoiding the waste of the positive electrode piece, and increasing the energy density.
  • Figure 8 shows an embodiment of the electrode assembly 5 according to the present application, in which the electrode assembly 5 adopts a combined design, that is, the positive electrode piece 11 adopts the form of a double-sided electrode piece, and the negative electrode piece 31 adopts a single-sided electrode piece. form.
  • the electrode assembly 5 includes one positive electrode piece 11 and two negative electrode pieces 31.
  • One of the two negative electrode pieces 31 is folded at the corner, and the positive electrode piece 11 is folded at the corner.
  • the separator 52 is inserted between the folded negative electrode tabs 31, and the other of the two negative electrode tabs 31 is folded at the corner and inserted between the folded positive electrode tabs 11, and the separator 52 is inserted between the positive electrode tabs 31. Between the pole piece 11 and the negative pole piece 31.
  • the length of the portion of the positive electrode piece 11 provided with the positive electrode metal layer 124 and covered by the positive electrode active material layer 130 may be less than or equal to the length of the portion of the negative electrode piece 31 provided with the negative electrode metal layer 324 and covered by the positive electrode active material layer 130 .
  • the length of the portion covered by the negative active material layer 330 . "Length" here may be, for example, a dimension measured along the left-right direction on the page of Figures 5-8. This size relationship between the positive electrode piece 11 and the negative electrode piece 31 is conducive to the lithium ions extracted from the positive electrode dissociating to the negative electrode, which can reduce the risk of lithium precipitation.
  • a battery which includes a case and an electrode assembly as described above, and the electrode assembly is disposed in the case.
  • the first embodiment of the present application adopts the electrode assembly as shown in FIG. 4
  • the second embodiment adopts the electrode assembly as shown in FIG. 5
  • the third embodiment adopts the electrode assembly as shown in FIG. 7 .
  • the first comparative example of the prior art used for comparison is a laminated electrode assembly, in which the current collector does not include a base film layer, and the positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece are continuously coated, that is, the active material layer is continuously coated. Coat it on the current collector, and the cutting area is located on the active material layer. Cut it into a single-piece pole piece and assemble it as shown in Figure 4.
  • the second comparative example of the prior art used for comparison is a folded electrode assembly, in which the current collector is composed of a base film layer and a metal layer continuously arranged on it, and the active material layer is intermittently coated and is only located on a straight surface. part, and then assemble in the continuous assembly method as shown in Figure 5.
  • the corner part is the base film layer that is not coated with the active material layer but has the metal layer attached.
  • the length of each positive electrode sheet exceeds the negative electrode sheet by 2 mm, and the bottom of the separator is in contact with the positive electrode. The bottom of the piece is flush. Since the positive electrode piece exceeds the negative electrode piece, the lithium ions extracted from the positive electrode in the excess part have no vacancies to be embedded in the negative electrode. After lithium precipitation, the lithium dendrites crawl over the separator and overlap with the end aluminum of the trimmed edge, causing a short circuit. After the battery assembly is completed, perform a charge and discharge cycle test and record the fire failure probability of the battery as follows:
  • the laminated electrode assembly of the above first embodiment and the first comparative example is designed as a defective sample in which the positive electrode piece exceeds the negative electrode piece, causing the lithium ions in the excess portion of the positive electrode piece to be embedded in the negative electrode piece without vacancies, and the negative electrode piece After lithium is precipitated at the edge, lithium dendrites continue to accumulate and grow with the charge and discharge cycles, and finally crawl through the separator.
  • lithium dendrites will crawl along the separator toward the positive electrode, and can easily overlap with the end aluminum of the trimmed edge to cause a short circuit, making the probability of fire failure as high as 95%.
  • the first embodiment still has a polymer base film layer on the edge after cutting, even if the lithium dendrites climb to the positive electrode, they will not overlap the end aluminum and short-circuit, thus greatly reducing the most serious risk of short circuit, in which the battery core fails due to fire.
  • the probability is about 3%.
  • the width of the positive electrode piece is the same as the width of the negative electrode piece.
  • edges of the positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece of the foldable electrode assembly of the above second embodiment, the third embodiment and the second comparative example are aligned. Charging under high current causes the lithium ions on the edge of the positive electrode piece to be quickly detached and embedded in the foldable electrode assembly. The negative electrode, and the lithium ions that did not migrate back in time during the discharge process continue to accumulate on the edge of the negative electrode piece, resulting in lithium precipitation, and lithium dendrites pierce the separator.
  • the folding corners of the second embodiment and the third embodiment are polymerization without a metal layer In the material-based film layer, even if the lithium dendrites penetrate the separator, they are not connected to the metal current collector of the positive electrode piece, and are only short-circuited with the active material layer of the positive electrode piece. Therefore, the probability of fire failure is about 3%. Since aluminum has the highest risk of short-circuit failure with the negative electrode piece and lithium dendrites, When the aluminum foil is still exposed on the corner surface, as in the second comparative example, the fire failure probability is as high as 98%.
  • the electrode assembly according to the present application uses a metal layer and an active material layer that are intermittently coated on the base film layer, which avoids the risk of serious short-circuit failure, avoids powder loss of the active material layer when cutting, and further improves Electrode components and battery safety performance.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种极片、电极组件、电池单体、电池和用电装置，其中，极片包括：集流体(20)，集流体(20)包括基膜层(22)和金属层(24)，金属层(24)以彼此间隔开的方式设置在所述基膜层(22)上；以及活性物质层(30)，活性物质层(30)以彼此间隔开的方式涂布在基膜层(22)上，并且每个活性物质层(30)至少部分地覆盖相应的金属层(24)。

Description

极片、电极组件、电池单体、电池和用电装置
相关申请的横向引用
本申请是以申请号为202220803526.3，申请日为2022年4月8日的中国申请为基础，并主张其优先权，该中国申请的公开内容在此作为整体引入本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池领域，具体涉及极片、电极组件、电池单体、电池和用电装置。
背景技术
节能减排是汽车产业可持续发展的关键，电动车辆由于其节能环保的优势成为汽车产业可持续发展的重要组成部分。对于电动车辆而言，电池技术又是关乎其发展的一项重要因素。
电池的电极组件通常包括折叠式电极组件和叠片式电极组件。在折叠式电极组件中，正极极片、负极极片以及正极极片和负极极片之间的隔膜进行折叠而形成电极组件。在叠片式电极组件中，极片被裁切成单片式极片，单片式正极极片、单片式负极极片以及正极极片和负极极片之间的隔膜彼此交替地堆叠放置而形成电极组件。
在折叠式电极组件中，当极片进行折叠时，所形成的拐角处存在极片上的活性物质掉落的风险。在叠片式电极组件中，需要先将极片裁切成单片式极片。在裁切过程中增加了金属毛刺外露的风险，还增加了极片上的活性物质被裁切掉落的风险。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本申请提供一种极片、电极组件、电池单体、电池和用电装置，能够缓解极片上活性物质掉落的问题。
在第一方面，本申请提供了一种极片，极片包括：
集流体，集流体包括基膜层和金属层，金属层以彼此间隔开的方式设置在基膜层上；以及
活性物质层，活性物质层以彼此间隔开的方式涂布在基膜层上并且每个活性物质层至少部分地覆盖相应的金属层。
由于金属层彼此间隔开并且活性物质层彼此间隔开，因此，在金属层和活性物质 层与相邻的金属层和活性物质层之间存在间隙，使得基膜层存在未设置有金属层且未被活性物质层覆盖的部分。由于该部分未设置有金属层且未被活性物质层覆盖，因此，即便其被弯折或被裁切也不存在活性物质层脱落的风险，由此克服了现有技术中存在的缺陷。
在极片的一些实施例中，基膜层是非导电的。基膜层是非导电的，使得无论是在被裁切还是被弯折时，极片都不会出现导电部分外露的情况，降低了短路的风险。
在极片的一些实施例中，金属层设置在基膜层的一侧或两侧上。
在极片的一些实施例中，每个活性物质层完全覆盖相应的金属层，可以减小裁切时无意中裁切到金属层的可能性，避免了金属毛刺的产生以及金属表面暴露在外的可能。
在极片的一些实施例中，基膜层的未设置有金属层且未被活性物质层覆盖的部分形成裁切部或拐角部，基膜层的设置有金属层且被活性物质层覆盖的部分形成平直部。
在极片的一些实施例中，金属层的长度彼此相等，并且活性物质层的长度彼此相等。
在极片的一些实施例中，金属层通过真空蒸镀、粘接或机械联接而附着到基膜层上。
在极片的一些实施例中，金属层的厚度范围为0.01μm至3μm。
在第二方面，本申请提供了一种电极组件，电极组件包括正极极片、负极极片以及设置在正极极片和负极极片之间的隔膜，其特征在于，正极极片由如上的极片形成和/或负极极片由如上的极片形成。
同样地，由于金属层彼此间隔开并且活性物质层彼此间隔开，因此，在金属层和活性物质层与相邻的金属层和活性物质层之间存在间隙，使得基膜层存在未设置有金属层且未被活性物质层覆盖的部分。由于该部分未设置有金属层且未被活性物质层覆盖，因此，即便其被弯折或被裁切也不存在活性物质层脱落的风险，由此克服了现有技术中存在的缺陷。
此外，由于用来形成拐角部的部分未设置有金属层且未被活性物质层覆盖，因此，即便该部分出现断裂的情况，也不存在析锂的风险。此外，由于极片上用来形成平直部和拐角部的部分较为明显且明确，因此在折叠装配时可以减小错位概率，提高装配效率，进一步改善叠片电池的安全性能。
另外，由于在金属层和活性物质层与相邻的金属层和活性物质层之间存在间隙，当对极片的未设置有金属层且未被活性物质层覆盖的部分进行裁切以形成单片式极片时，可以直接对准该间隙进行裁切，裁切的位置并不是严格固定的，而是存在一定的裕度， 即在该间隙的范围内均可以进行裁切，这提高了裁切的灵活度，提高了裁切效率，进而提高了生产效率。
在电极组件的一些实施例中，正极极片被配置为通过在基膜层的未设置有金属层且未被活性物质层覆盖的部分进行裁切而形成为单片式正极极片，负极极片被配置为通过在基膜层的未设置有金属层且未被活性物质层覆盖的部分进行裁切而形成为单片式负极极片，正极极片和负极极片彼此交替地层叠布置。
在电极组件的一些实施例中，单片式正极极片的长度小于单片式负极极片的长度。
在电极组件的一些实施例中，单片式正极极片的活性物质层的长度小于单片式负极极片的活性物质层的长度。
正极极片和负极极片的这种尺寸关系有利于正极边缘脱出的锂离子到负极有充足的空间嵌入，可以降低析锂的风险。
在电极组件的一些实施例中，单片式正极极片的基膜层被裁切成使得基膜层的长度大致等于活性物质层的长度，单片式负极极片的基膜层被裁切成使得基膜层的长度大致等于活性物质层的长度。
在电极组件的一些实施例中，电极组件被配置为：正极极片的基膜层的未设置有金属层且未被活性物质层覆盖的部分进行折叠，负极极片的基膜层的未设置有金属层且未被活性物质层覆盖的部分进行折叠，使得正极极片的设置有金属层且被活性物质层覆盖的部分与负极极片的设置有金属层且被活性物质层覆盖的部分彼此交替地层叠布置。
在电极组件的一些实施例中，正极极片的设置有金属层且被活性物质层覆盖的部分的长度小于负极极片的设置有金属层且被活性物质层覆盖的部分的长度。正极极片和负极极片的这种尺寸关系有利于正极脱出的锂离子游离到负极，可以降低析锂的风险。
在第三方面，本申请提供了一种电池单体，电池单体包括壳体和如上的电极组件，电极组件设置在壳体内。
在第四方面，本申请提供了一种电池，包括上述实施例的电池单体。
在第五方面，本申请提供了一种用电装置，包括上述实施例的电池单体，和/或电池，用于为用电装置提供电能。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
通过阅读对下文优选实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本申请的限制。而且在全部附图中，用相同的附图标号表示相同的部件。在附图中：
图1是根据本申请一些实施例的极片的示意图；
图2是根据本申请一些实施例的正极极片的示意图；
图3是根据本申请一些实施例的负极极片的示意图；
图4是根据本申请一些实施例的电极组件的示意图；
图5是根据本申请一些实施例的电极组件的示意图；
图6是根据本申请一些实施例的电极组件的示意图；
图7是根据本申请一些实施例的电极组件的示意图；以及
图8是根据本申请一些实施例的电极组件的示意图。
具体实施方式中的附图标号如下：
极片1；集流体20；活性物质层30；基膜层22；金属层24；间隙222；部分224；
正极极片11；正极集流体120；正极活性物质层130；正极基膜层122；正极金属层124；
负极极片31；负极集流体320；负极活性物质层330；负极基膜层322；负极金属层324；
电极组件5；隔膜52。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”和“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
目前，从市场形势的发展来看，动力电池的应用越加广泛。动力电池不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。随着动力电池应用领域的不断扩大，其市场的需求量也在不断地扩增。
电池通常包括壳体和电极组件，电极组件容纳在壳体内。电极组件通常由连续极片通过堆叠或折叠或卷绕方式形成。极片包括正极极片和负极极片。连续极片通常包括集流体和连续地涂布在集流体上的活性物质层，活性物质层可以涂布在集流体的一侧或两侧上。
电池的电极组件通常包括折叠式电极组件和叠片式电极组件以及卷绕式电极组件。在折叠式电极组件中，正极极片、负极极片以及正极极片和负极极片之间的隔膜共同进 行折叠而形成电极组件。在折叠之后，正极极片和负极极片均形成多层的平直部和拐角部，相邻的平直部之间通过拐角部连接。
在折叠式和卷绕式电极组件中，当极片进行折叠或卷绕时，由于集流体和活性物质层弯折而形成拐角部，这种弯折导致集流体上的活性物质层存在脱落的风险，也称为掉粉，这使得电池存在引发短路的隐患。
此外，极片在弯折时可能在拐角部处断裂。在负极极片的拐角部产生断裂的情况下，导致相应的正极极片的拐角部处没有对应区域，因而存在析锂的风险。在正极极片的拐角部产生断裂的情况下，该拐角部处形成毛刺，可能刺穿负极极片和正极极片之间的隔膜。
在叠片式电极组件中，极片被裁切成单片式极片，单片式正极极片、单片式负极极片以及正极极片和负极极片之间的隔膜彼此交替地堆叠放置而形成电极组件。
在叠片式电极组件中，需要先将极片裁切成单片式极片。在裁切过程中，每个单片式极片有四条裁切边，增加了金属毛刺外露的风险，还增加了极片上的活性物质层被裁切而脱落的风险。
本申请实施例公开的电极组件可以但不限用于车辆、船舶或飞行器等用电装置中。可以使用具备本申请公开的极片、电极组件、电池等组成该用电装置的电源系统，这样，有利于降低电池的电极组件的极片上的活性物质掉落的风险。
本申请的电池可以作为用电装置的电源，用电装置可以为但不限于手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中，电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参照图1，并请进一步参照图2至图3，图1为根据本申请一些实施例的极片的剖面结构示意图，图2至图3为根据本申请一些实施例的正极极片和负极极片的剖面结构示意图。
如图1所示，本申请提供了一种极片1，其包括集流体20和活性物质层30。根据本申请的一些实施例，集流体20可以为复合型集流体，包括基膜层22和金属层24。金属层24以彼此间隔开的方式设置在基膜层22上。活性物质层30以彼此间隔开的方式涂布在基膜层22上，并且每个活性物质层30至少部分地覆盖相应的金属层24。
基膜层22可以是连续的基膜层，金属层24可以是分布在基膜层22上的多个金属层，这些金属层24之间彼此间隔开。活性物质层30可以是分布在基膜层22上的多个活性物质层，这些活性物质层30之间彼此间隔开。一般而言，活性物质层30的数量的金属 层24的数量相同，使得每个活性物质层30都能够覆盖与其对应的金属层24，而每个金属层24都被活性物质层30覆盖。
图1示出了根据本申请一些实施例的极片的一部分，为了便于解释和理解，示出了极片1的基膜层22、四个金属层24和相应的四个活性物质层30。本领域技术人员可以理解，上述结构和数量仅仅只是示意性的而非限制性的，金属层24和活性物质层30的数量可以多于或少于四个。
由于金属层24彼此间隔开并且活性物质层30彼此间隔开，因此，在金属层24和活性物质层30与相邻的金属层24和活性物质层30之间存在间隙222，使得基膜层22存在未设置有金属层24且未被活性物质层30覆盖的部分224，如图1所示。根据本申请构造的极片1可以避免上述现有技术中存在的缺陷。
当由极片1形成折叠式或卷绕式电极组件时，极片1进行折叠，极片1的设置有金属层24且被活性物质层30覆盖的部分可以用来形成平直部，而极片1的未设置有金属层24且未被活性物质层30覆盖的部分224则可以用来形成拐角部。由于该部分224未设置有金属层24且未被活性物质层30覆盖，因此，避免拐角金属层外露的风险，且即便其被弯折也不存在活性物质层脱落的风险，由此克服了现有技术中存在的缺陷。
另一方面，由于用来形成拐角部的部分224未设置有金属层24且未被活性物质层30覆盖，因此，即便该部分224出现断裂的情况，也不存在短路或/和析锂的风险。此外，由于极片1上用来形成平直部和拐角部的部分较为明显且明确，因此在折叠装配时可以减小错位概率，提高装配效率，进一步改善叠片电池的安全性能。
当由极片1形成叠片式电极组件时，极片1被裁切成单片式极片，极片1的未设置有金属层24且未被活性物质层30覆盖的部分224可以用来被裁切，而确保极片1的设置有金属层24且被活性物质层30覆盖的部分不会被裁切。由于该部分224未设置有金属层24且未被活性物质层30覆盖，因此，对该部分224进行裁切不会造成活性物质层30脱落，也不会使得金属层形成毛刺，由此克服了现有技术中存在的缺陷。
另一方面，由于在金属层24和活性物质层30与相邻的金属层24和活性物质层30之间存在间隙222，当对极片1的未设置有金属层24且未被活性物质层30覆盖的部分224进行裁切以形成单片式极片时，可以直接对准该间隙222进行裁切，裁切的位置并不是严格固定的，而是存在一定的裕度，即在该间隙222的范围内均可以进行裁切，这提高了裁切的灵活度，提高了裁切效率，进而提高了生产效率。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，集流体20的基膜层22可以是非导电的基膜层。基膜层22可以由非导电材料制成，例如可以是聚合物层，由从包括聚丙烯、聚酰胺、 环氧树脂或类似物、以及它们的组合的组中选择的材料制成。
基膜层22是非导电的，使得无论是在被裁切还是被弯折时，极片1都不会出现导电部分外露的情况。例如，当极片1的未设置有金属层24且未被活性物质层30覆盖的部分224用来形成拐角部时，由于基膜层22的该部分224是非导电的，因此，即便其出现断裂的情况下，也不会有导电部分(例如金属层)露出的情况，降低了短路的风险。同样，当极片1的未设置有金属层24且未被活性物质层30覆盖的部分224被裁切时，由于基膜层22的该部分224是非导电的，因此，即便其被裁切，也不会有导电部分(例如金属层)露出的情况，降低了短路的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，金属层24可以设置在基膜层22的一侧或两侧上。图1示出了金属层24设置在基膜层22的两侧上，这也被称为双面极片，但本领域技术人员可以理解，金属层24也可以仅仅设置在基膜层22的一侧上，这也被称为单面极片。
相应地，活性物质层30可以设置在基膜层22的一侧或两侧上，以覆盖对应的金属层24。图1示出了活性物质层30设置在基膜层22的两侧上，分别覆盖基膜层22的两侧上的金属层24，如图1所示。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，在极片1的基膜层22上，每个活性物质层30可以完全覆盖相应的金属层24。图1示出了活性物质层30完全覆盖金属层24的示例。一方面，活性物质层30完全覆盖金属层24，使得金属层24不会暴露于外部环境，降低析锂的风险。另一方面，活性物质层30完全覆盖金属层24，可以减小裁切时无意中裁切到金属层的可能性，避免了金属毛刺的产生。
根据本申请的一些实施例，当由极片1用于形成折叠式电极组件时，极片1的设置有金属层24且被活性物质层30覆盖的部分可以用来形成平直部，而极片1的未设置有金属层24且未被活性物质层30覆盖的部分224则可以用来形成拐角部。当由极片1形成叠片式电极组件时，极片1的未设置有金属层24且未被活性物质层30覆盖的部分224可以用来形成裁切部，以便于进行裁切而形成单片式极片，裁切之后的设置有金属层24且被活性物质层30覆盖的部分可以形成平直部。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，对于基膜层22上的多个金属层24而言，每个金属层24所具有的长度可以是相等的。这里的“长度”可以是例如沿着图1的页面上的左右方向测量的尺寸。相应地，覆盖各个金属层24的活性物质层30所具有的长度也可以是相等的。这样，从同一个极片1上裁切下来的单片式极片可以具有大致相同的尺寸，或者极片1折叠之后形成的平直部可以具有大致相同的尺寸。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，金属层24可以通过多种方式附着到基膜层22上，例如，金属层24可以通过真空蒸镀、粘接或机械联接而附着到基膜层22上。本领域技术人员可以理解，除了上面列举的方式之外，还可以采用本领域已知的任何合适的方式将金属层24附着到基膜层22上，以形成复合型集流体20。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，金属层24的厚度可以根据实际应用的需要进行选择，例如可以为0.01μm至3μm。本领域技术人员可以理解，金属层24的厚度也可以采用任何其它合适的范围。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，金属层24可以由任何合适的金属材料制成，例如可以由铝或铜制成，以形成铝箔层或铜箔层。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参照图4-8，并请进一步参照图2至图3，图4-8为根据本申请一些实施例的电极组件的剖面结构示意图，图2至图3为根据本申请一些实施例的电极组件的正极极片和负极极片的剖面结构示意图。
图4-8示出了电极组件的若干示例。本申请提供一种电极组件5，包括正极极片11、负极极片31以及设置在正极极片11和负极极片31之间的隔膜52。正极极片11可以由上述极片1形成，负极极片31也可以由上述极片1形成。
图2示出了正极极片11的示例。正极极片11包括正极集流体120和涂布在正极集流体120上的正极活性物质层130。正极集流体120包括正极基膜层122和设置在正极基膜层122上的正极金属层124。如上所述，正极金属层124可以以间隔开的方式设置在正极基膜层122上，正极活性物质层130同样可以以间隔开的方式设置在正极基膜层122上并覆盖相应的正极金属层124。
图2所示的正极极片11为双面极片，即正极基膜层122的两侧均设置有正极金属层124和相应的正极活性物质层130。正极极片11也可以采用单面极片的形式，即正极基膜层122的仅一侧设置有正极金属层124和相应的正极活性物质层130，如图5所示。
图2所示的正极极片11是连续的，即正极基膜层122上设置有间隔开的多个正极金属层124和相应的多个正极活性物质层130。正极极片11也可以是单片式正极极片，即正极基膜层122的一侧设置有一个正极金属层124和相应的正极活性物质层130，或者正极基膜层122的两侧各设置有一个正极金属层124和相应的正极活性物质层130，如图4所示。
正极极片11上的正极金属层124的长度可以彼此相等，相应的正极活性物质层130的长度也可以彼此相等。
图3示出了负极极片31的示例。负极极片31包括负极集流体320和涂布在负极 集流体320上的负极活性物质层330。负极集流体320包括负极基膜层322和设置在负极基膜层322上的负极金属层324。如上所述，负极金属层324可以以间隔开的方式设置在负极基膜层322上，负极活性物质层330同样可以以间隔开的方式设置在负极基膜层322上并覆盖相应的负极金属层324。
图3所示的负极极片31为双面极片，即负极基膜层322的两侧均设置有负极金属层324和相应的负极活性物质层330。负极极片31也可以采用单面极片的形式，即负极基膜层322的仅一侧设置有负极金属层324和相应的负极活性物质层330，如图5所示。
图3所示的负极极片31是连续的，即负极基膜层322上设置有间隔开的多个负极金属层324和相应的多个负极活性物质层330。负极极片31也可以是单片式负极极片，即负极基膜层322的一侧设置有一个负极金属层324和相应的负极活性物质层330，或者负极基膜层322的两侧各设置有一个负极金属层324和相应的负极活性物质层330，如图4所示。
负极极片31上的负极金属层324的长度可以彼此相等，相应的负极活性物质层330的长度也可以彼此相等。
在一个实施例中，正极极片11上的正极金属层124可以是铝箔层，厚度在范围0.01μm至3μm之间，负极极片31上的负极金属层324可以是铜箔层，厚度范围在0.01μm至3μm之间。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，请参考图4，图4示出了根据本申请的电极组件5的实施例，其中该电极组件5为叠片式电极组件。
正极极片11可以被配置为通过在正极基膜层122的未设置有正极金属层且未被正极活性物质层覆盖的部分进行裁切而形成为单片式正极极片。在图4所示的示例中，正极极片11采用的是双面极片的形式，形成为在正极基膜层122的每一侧上各设置有一个正极金属层124和一个正极活性物质层130的单片式正极极片。
同样地，负极极片31被配置为通过在负极基膜层322的未设置有负极金属层且未被负极活性物质层覆盖的部分进行裁切而形成为单片式负极极片。在图4所示的示例中，负极极片31采用的是双面极片的形式，形成为在负极基膜层322的每一侧上各设置有一个负极金属层324和一个负极活性物质层330的单片式负极极片。
为单片式极片形式的正极极片11和为单片式极片形式的负极极片31彼此交替地层叠布置，同时在正极极片11和负极极片31之间设置有隔膜52，由此形成电极组件5。如图4所示，正极极片11设置在电极组件5的中间位置，两个负极极片31分别设置在正极极片11的两侧，以将正极极片11夹在中间。
在图4所示的示例中，正极极片11和负极极片31均采用双面极片的形式，但本领域技术人员应当理解，这仅仅只是示例性的，正极极片11可以采用单面极片的形式，负极极片31也可以采用单面极片的形式。例如，正极极片11为单面极片且负极极片31为双面极片，或者正极极片11为双面极片且负极极片31为单面极片，或者正极极片11和负极极片31均为单面极片。
根据本申请的一些实施例，为单片式极片形式的正极极片11的长度可以小于或等于为单片式极片形式的负极极片31的长度，或者正极极片11上的正极活性物质层130的长度可以小于或等于负极极片31上的负极活性物质层330的长度。这里的“长度”可以是例如沿着图4的页面上的左右方向测量的尺寸。正极极片11和负极极片31的这种尺寸关系有利于正极脱出的锂离子游离到负极，可以降低析锂的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，为单片式极片形式的正极极片11的正极基膜层122可以被裁切成使得正极基膜层122的长度大致等于正极活性物质层130的长度，同样地，单片式极片形式的负极极片31的负极基膜层322可以被裁切成使得负极基膜层322的长度大致等于负极活性物质层330的长度。这样的结构可以有利于节省非极片所占用的空间，有利于提高电极组件的能量密度。在图4所示的示例中，正极基膜层122的长度稍大于正极活性物质层130的长度，负极基膜层322的长度稍大于负极活性物质层330的长度，这是为了降低裁切极片时切到活性物质层的可能性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，请参考图5-8，图5-8示出了根据本申请的电极组件5的若干实施例，其中电极组件5为折叠式电极组件。
正极极片11的正极基膜层122的未设置有正极金属层且未被正极活性物质层覆盖的部分进行折叠，负极极片31的负极基膜层322的未设置有负极金属层且未被负极活性物质层覆盖的部分进行折叠，使得正极极片11的设置有正极金属层124且被正极活性物质层130覆盖的部分与负极极片31的设置有负极金属层324且被负极活性物质层330覆盖的部分彼此交替地层叠布置，同时在正极极片11和负极极片31之间设置有隔膜52，由此形成电极组件5。
图5示出了根据本申请的电极组件5的一个实施例，其中该电极组件5的正极极片11均采用单面正极极片的形式，负极极片31均采用单面负极极片的形式。
如图5所示，正极极片11包括间隔开地设置的三个正极金属层124和相应地间隔开设置的三个正极活性物质层130，相应地，负极极片31包括间隔开地设置的三个负极金属层324和相应地间隔开设置的三个负极活性物质层330。正极极片11和负极极片31并排放置，使得正极金属层124和正极活性物质层130面向负极金属层324和负极活性物 质层330，在正极极片11和负极极片31之间插置隔膜52，之后通过在两个拐角部处对正极极片11、负极极片31和隔膜52一起进行两次折叠，以获得图5所示的结构。
图6示出了根据本申请的电极组件5的一个实施例，其中该电极组件5的正极极片11均采用双面正极极片的形式，负极极片31均采用双面负极极片的形式。
如图6所示，正极极片11和负极极片31分别在各自的拐角部处进行折叠，然后两者叠置成使得正极极片11的平直部与负极极片31的平直部交替地彼此层叠布置，隔膜52插置在正极极片11和负极极片31之间。
图7示出了根据本申请的电极组件5的一个实施例，其中该电极组件5在图6的电极组件的基础上，在下方的正极极片11的平直部下方增加了一个单面的单片式负极极片31。该单面的单片式负极极片31的增加有利于进一步有效利用下方的正极极片11，避免正极极片的浪费，增加了能量密度。
图8示出了根据本申请的电极组件5的一个实施例，其中该电极组件5采用组合式设计，即正极极片11采用双面极片的形式，而负极极片31采用单面极片的形式。
如图8所示，电极组件5包括一个正极极片11和两个负极极片31，两个负极极片31中的一个在拐角部处进行折叠，正极极片11在拐角部处进行折叠并插置在上述折叠的负极极片31之间，而两个负极极片31中的另一个在拐角部处进行折叠并插置在上述折叠的正极极片11之间，隔膜52插置在正极极片11和负极极片31之间。
在图5-8所示的示例中，正极极片11的设置有正极金属层124且被正极活性物质层130覆盖的部分的长度可以小于或等于负极极片31的设置有负极金属层324且被负极活性物质层330覆盖的部分的长度。这里的“长度”可以是例如沿着图5-8的页面上的左右方向测量的尺寸。正极极片11和负极极片31的这种尺寸关系有利于正极脱出的锂离子游离到负极，可以降低析锂的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，还提供一种电池，其包括壳体和如上所述的电极组件，电极组件设置在壳体内。
以下，通过根据本申请的一些实施例与现有技术的对比例进行比较，来说明本申请的技术方案相对于现有技术所具有的技术优势。
用于进行对比的本申请的第一实施例采用如图4所示的电极组件，第二实施例采用如图5所示的电极组件，第三实施例采用如图7所示的电极组件。
用于进行对比的现有技术的第一对比例为一种叠片式电极组件，其中集流体不包含基膜层，正极极片和负极极片是连续涂布的，即活性物质层连续地涂布在集流体上，裁切区位于活性物质层上，裁成单片式极片后如图4所示的装配方式进行组装。
用于进行对比的现有技术的第二对比例为一种折叠式电极组件，其中集流体由基膜层以及在其上连续设置的金属层组成，活性物质层间歇涂布且只位于平直部，然后如图5所示的连续装配方式进行组装，拐角部为未涂布活性物质层但有金属层附着的基膜层。
在第一实施例和第一对比例的叠片式电极组件中，为了便于对比的进行并获得较为明显的对比结果，每层正极极片的长度超出负极极片2mm,且隔膜底部与正极极片底部平齐。由于正极极片超出负极极片，导致超出部分的正极脱出的锂离子在负极处没有空位嵌入，析锂后锂枝晶爬过隔膜，与裁切边的端面铝搭接而导致短路。电池组装完成后进行充放电循环测试，记录电池的着火失效概率如下：
以上第一实施例和第一对比例的叠片式电极组件设计成正极极片超出负极极片的缺陷样品，导致正极极片超出部分的锂离子在负极极片处无空位嵌入，负极极片边缘析锂后，随着充放电循环，锂枝晶不断累积生长，最终爬过隔膜。在第一对比例中，析锂后锂枝晶会顺着隔膜爬向正极，可以容易地与裁切边的端面铝搭接而导致短路，使得着火失效概率高达95％。而由于第一实施例裁切后边缘仍有聚合物基膜层，即使锂枝晶爬到正极也不会与端面铝发生搭接短路，因此极大降低最为严重的短路风险，电芯着火失效概率约为3％。
在第二实施例、第三实施例以及第二对比例的折叠式电极组件中，为了便于对比的进行并获得较为明显的对比结果，正极极片宽度与负极极片等宽，待电池组装完成后进行大电流充放电循环测试，记录电池的着火失效概率：
以上第二实施例、第三实施例以及第二对比例的折叠式电极组件的正极极片和负极极片的边缘对齐，在大电流下充电导致正极极片边缘的锂离子快速脱出并嵌入到负极，而放电过程未及时迁回的锂离子不断在负极极片边缘累积导致析锂，锂枝晶刺穿隔膜，由于第二实施例和第三实施例的折叠拐角都是没有金属层的聚合物基膜层，锂枝晶即使刺穿隔膜，也没有搭接到正极极片的金属集流体，只与正极极片的活性物质层短路，因而着火失效概率约为3％。而由于铝与负极极片及锂枝晶发生的短路失效风险最高，因此 当拐角表面仍有铝箔暴露，如第二对比例的情况，使得着火失效概率高达98％。
从上面的对比可以看到，根据本申请的电极组件采用在基膜层上间歇涂布的金属层和活性物质层，避免了严重的短路失效风险，避免裁切活性物质层掉粉，进一步提高电极组件以及电池的安全性能。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种极片(1)，包括：
    集流体(20)，所述集流体(20)包括基膜层(22)和金属层(24)，所述金属层(24)以彼此间隔开的方式设置在所述基膜层(22)上；以及
    活性物质层(30)，所述活性物质层(30)以彼此间隔开的方式涂布在所述基膜层(22)上，并且每个所述活性物质层(30)至少部分地覆盖相应的所述金属层(24)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的极片(1)，其中，所述基膜层(22)是非导电的。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的极片(1)，其中，所述金属层(24)设置在所述基膜层(22)的一侧或两侧上。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的极片(1)，其中，每个所述活性物质层(30)完全覆盖相应的所述金属层(24)。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的极片(1)，其中，所述基膜层(22)的未设置有所述金属层(24)且未被所述活性物质层(30)覆盖的部分形成裁切部或拐角部，所述基膜层(22)的设置有所述金属层(24)且被所述活性物质层(30)覆盖的部分形成平直部。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的极片(1)，其中，所述金属层(24)的长度彼此相等，并且所述活性物质层(30)的长度彼此相等。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的极片(1)，其中，所述金属层(24)通过真空蒸镀、粘接或机械联接而附着到所述基膜层(22)上。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的极片(1)，其中，所述金属层(24)的厚度范围为0.01μm至3μm。
  9. 一种电极组件(5)，包括正极极片(11)、负极极片(31)以及设置在所述正极极片(11)和所述负极极片(31)之间的隔膜(52)，所述正极极片(11)由根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的极片(1)形成，和/或所述负极极片(31)由根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的极片(1)形成。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电极组件(5)，其中，所述正极极片(11)被配置为通过在所述基膜层(22)的未设置有所述金属层(24)且未被所述活性物质层(30)覆盖的部分进行裁切而形成为单片式正极极片，所述负极极片(31)被配置为通过在所述基膜层(22)的未设置有所述金属层(24)且未被所述活性物质层(30)覆盖的部分进行裁切而形成为单片式负极极片，所述正极极片(11)和所述负极极片(31)彼此交替地层 叠布置。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电极组件(5)，其中，所述单片式正极极片的长度小于所述单片式负极极片的长度。
  12. 根据权利要求10或11所述的电极组件(5)，其中，所述单片式正极极片的活性物质层(30)的长度小于所述单片式负极极片的活性物质层(30)的长度。
  13. 根据权利要求10-12任一项所述的电极组件(5)，其中，所述单片式正极极片的基膜层(22)被裁切成使得所述基膜层(22)的长度等于所述活性物质层(30)的长度，所述单片式负极极片的基膜层(22)被裁切成使得所述基膜层(22)的长度等于所述活性物质层(30)的长度。
  14. 根据权利要求9-13任一项所述的电极组件(5)，其中，所述电极组件(5)被配置为：所述正极极片(11)的基膜层(22)的未设置有所述金属层(24)且未被所述活性物质层(30)覆盖的部分进行弯折，所述负极极片(31)的基膜层(22)的未设置有所述金属层(24)且未被所述活性物质层(30)覆盖的部分进行弯折，使得所述正极极片(11)的设置有所述金属层(24)且被所述活性物质层(30)覆盖的部分与所述负极极片(31)的设置有所述金属层(24)且被所述活性物质层(30)覆盖的部分彼此交替地层叠布置。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的电极组件(5)，其中，所述正极极片(11)的设置有所述金属层(24)且被所述活性物质层(30)覆盖的部分的长度小于或等于所述负极极片(31)的设置有所述金属层(24)且被所述活性物质层(30)覆盖的部分的长度。
  16. 一种电池单体，包括：
    壳体；和
    权利要求9-15任一项所述的电极组件(5)，所述电极组件(5)设置在所述壳体内。
  17. 一种电池，包括：权利要求16所述的电池单体。
  18. 一种用电装置，包括权利要求16所述的电池单体，和/或权利要求17所述的电池，用于为所述用电装置提供电能。
PCT/CN2023/078425 2022-04-08 2023-02-27 极片、电极组件、电池单体、电池和用电装置 WO2023193540A1 (zh)

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