WO2023191501A1 - 무선랜 시스템에서 채널 액세스 방법 및 장치 - Google Patents
무선랜 시스템에서 채널 액세스 방법 및 장치 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
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- H04W52/0216—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is master and terminal is slave using a pre-established activity schedule, e.g. traffic indication frame
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- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
- H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
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- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
- H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
- H04W52/0225—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal
- H04W52/0229—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal where the received signal is a wanted signal
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- H04W74/0808—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA]
- H04W74/0816—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA] with collision avoidance
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- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a channel access method and device in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, and more specifically, to a limited target wake time (TWT) service period in a next-generation wireless LAN system ( It relates to a channel access method and device considering service period.
- WLAN wireless local area network
- TWT target wake time
- Wi-Fi IEEE 802.11 series standard
- technologies recently introduced in wireless LANs include enhancements for Very High-Throughput (VHT) of the 802.11ac standard and enhancements for High Efficiency (HE) of the IEEE 802.11ax standard. do.
- VHT Very High-Throughput
- HE High Efficiency
- EHT Extremely High Throughput
- technologies are being researched for increased bandwidth, efficient use of multiple bands, Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) to support increased spatial streams, and multiple access point (AP) coordination, especially low latency.
- MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output
- AP multiple access point
- UHR ultra high reliability
- the technical problem of the present disclosure is to provide a method and device for performing channel access in a wireless LAN system.
- An additional technical task of the present disclosure is to provide a method and device related to channel access considering a limited target wake time (TWT) service period in a wireless LAN system.
- TWT target wake time
- a method performed by a station (STA) in a wireless LAN system accesses information related to a restricted target wake time (R-TWT) service period (SP).
- STA station
- SP restricted target wake time
- TID R-TWT traffic identifier
- whether to perform a back-off operation for an access category (AC) within the R-TWT SP may be determined based on the mapping relationship between the at least one R-TWT TID and the AC.
- a method and device for performing channel access in a wireless LAN system can be provided.
- a method and device related to channel access considering a limited target wake time (TWT) service period in a wireless LAN system can be provided.
- TWT target wake time
- FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a wireless communication device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an exemplary structure of a wireless LAN system to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- Figure 3 is a diagram for explaining a link setup process to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- Figure 4 is a diagram for explaining a backoff process to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a CSMA/CA-based frame transmission operation to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining an example of a frame structure used in a wireless LAN system to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating examples of PPDUs defined in the IEEE 802.11 standard to which this disclosure can be applied.
- FIGS. 8 to 10 are diagrams for explaining examples of resource units of a wireless LAN system to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- 11 shows an example structure of the HE-SIG-B field.
- Figure 12 is a diagram for explaining the MU-MIMO scheme in which multiple users/STAs are allocated to one RU.
- Figure 13 shows an example of a PPDU format to which this disclosure can be applied.
- Figure 14 is a diagram for explaining an example of an individual TWT operation to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining an example of a broadcast TWT operation to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- FIG 16 is a diagram to explain an example of the TWT information field format.
- Figure 17 is a diagram for explaining an example of the TWT information element format.
- Figure 18 is a diagram for explaining examples of individual TWT parameter set field formats.
- Figure 19 is a diagram for explaining examples of the broadcast TWT parameter set field format.
- Figure 20 illustrates a limited TWT operation to which this disclosure can be applied.
- 21 illustrates channel access operation in a restricted TWT SP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram for explaining the operation of an STA supporting back-off operation within the R-TWT SP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- a component when a component is said to be “connected,” “coupled,” or “connected” to another component, this is not only a direct connection relationship, but also an indirect connection relationship where another component exists between them. It may also be included. Additionally, in this disclosure, the terms “comprise” or “having” specify the presence of a referenced feature, step, operation, element, and/or component, but may also specify the presence of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or components. It does not rule out the existence or addition of these groups.
- first”, second, etc. are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another component and are not used to limit the components, and unless specifically mentioned, the terms There is no limitation on the order or importance between them. Accordingly, within the scope of the present disclosure, a first component in one embodiment may be referred to as a second component in another embodiment, and similarly, the second component in one embodiment may be referred to as a first component in another embodiment. It may also be called.
- Examples of this disclosure can be applied to various wireless communication systems.
- examples of this disclosure may be applied to a wireless LAN system.
- examples of this disclosure may be applied to wireless LAN based on the IEEE 802.11a/g/n/ac/ax standards.
- examples of the present disclosure may be applied to the newly proposed IEEE 802.11be (or EHT) standard-based wireless LAN.
- Examples of the present disclosure may be applied to a wireless LAN based on the IEEE 802.11be Release-2 standard, which is an additional improvement technology of the IEEE 802.11be Release-1 standard.
- examples of the present disclosure may be applied to next-generation standards-based wireless LANs after IEEE 802.11be.
- examples of the present disclosure may be applied to cellular wireless communication systems. For example, it can be applied to a cellular wireless communication system based on Long Term Evolution (LTE) series technology and 5G New Radio (NR) series technology of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard.
- LTE Long Term Evolution
- NR 5G New Radio
- FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a wireless communication device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the first device 100 and the second device 200 illustrated in FIG. 1 are a terminal, a wireless device, a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU), a user equipment (UE), and a mobile station (MS). ), a user terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Mobile Subscriber Unit (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), a Wireless terminal (WT), or simply a user.
- WTRU wireless transmit receive unit
- UE user equipment
- MS mobile station
- UT user terminal
- MSS Mobile Subscriber Station
- MSS Mobile Subscriber Unit
- SS Subscriber Station
- AMS Advanced Mobile Station
- WT Wireless terminal
- first device 100 and the second device 200 include an access point (AP), a base station (BS), a fixed station, Node B, a base transceiver system (BTS), a network, It can be replaced by various terms such as AI (Artificial Intelligence) system, RSU (road side unit), repeater, router, relay, gateway, etc.
- AP access point
- BS base station
- Node B Node B
- BTS base transceiver system
- AI Artificial Intelligence
- RSU road side unit
- repeater router, relay, gateway, etc.
- the devices 100 and 200 illustrated in FIG. 1 may also be referred to as a station (STA).
- STA station
- the devices 100 and 200 illustrated in FIG. 1 may be referred to by various terms such as a transmitting device, a receiving device, a transmitting STA, and a receiving STA.
- the STAs 110 and 200 may perform an access point (AP) role or a non-AP role. That is, in the present disclosure, the STAs 110 and 200 may perform AP and/or non-AP functions.
- AP access point
- AP may also be indicated as AP STA.
- the first device 100 and the second device 200 may transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless LAN technologies (eg, IEEE 802.11 series).
- the first device 100 and the second device 200 may include interfaces to a medium access control (MAC) layer and a physical layer (PHY) that comply with the provisions of the IEEE 802.11 standard.
- MAC medium access control
- PHY physical layer
- the first device 100 and the second device 200 may additionally support various communication standards (e.g., 3GPP LTE series, 5G NR series standards, etc.) technologies other than wireless LAN technology.
- the device of the present disclosure may be implemented in various devices such as mobile phones, vehicles, personal computers, Augmented Reality (AR) equipment, and Virtual Reality (VR) equipment.
- the STA of this specification includes voice calls, video calls, data communications, autonomous driving (Autonomous-Driving), Machine-Type Communication (MTC), Machine-to-Machine (M2M), Device-to-Device (D2D), It can support various communication services such as IoT (Internet-of-Things).
- IoT Internet-of-Things
- the first device 100 includes one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104, and may additionally include one or more transceivers 106 and/or one or more antennas 108.
- Processor 102 controls memory 104 and/or transceiver 106 and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure.
- the processor 102 may process information in the memory 104 to generate first information/signal and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information/signal through the transceiver 106.
- the processor 102 may receive a wireless signal including the second information/signal through the transceiver 106 and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information/signal in the memory 104.
- the memory 104 may be connected to the processor 102 and may store various information related to the operation of the processor 102. For example, memory 104 may perform some or all of the processes controlled by processor 102, or instructions for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure. Software code including instructions can be stored.
- the processor 102 and the memory 104 may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement wireless LAN technology (eg, IEEE 802.11 series).
- Transceiver 106 may be coupled to processor 102 and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas 108. Transceiver 106 may include a transmitter and/or receiver. The transceiver 106 can be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit.
- a device may mean a communication modem/circuit/chip.
- the second device 200 includes one or more processors 202, one or more memories 204, and may further include one or more transceivers 206 and/or one or more antennas 208.
- Processor 202 controls memory 204 and/or transceiver 206 and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure.
- the processor 202 may process the information in the memory 204 to generate third information/signal and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information/signal through the transceiver 206.
- the processor 202 may receive a wireless signal including the fourth information/signal through the transceiver 206 and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information/signal in the memory 204.
- the memory 204 may be connected to the processor 202 and may store various information related to the operation of the processor 202. For example, memory 204 may perform some or all of the processes controlled by processor 202 or instructions for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure. Software code containing them can be stored.
- the processor 202 and memory 204 may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement wireless LAN technology (eg, IEEE 802.11 series).
- Transceiver 206 may be coupled to processor 202 and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas 208. Transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and/or receiver. Transceiver 206 may be used interchangeably with an RF unit.
- a device may mean a communication modem/circuit/chip.
- one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors 102, 202.
- one or more processors 102, 202 may implement more than one layer (e.g., the same functional layer, such as PHY and MAC).
- One or more processors 102, 202 may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and/or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure. can be created.
- PDUs Protocol Data Units
- SDUs Service Data Units
- One or more processors 102, 202 may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure.
- One or more processors 102, 202 may process signals (e.g., baseband signals) containing PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and/or methods disclosed in this disclosure. It can be generated and provided to one or more transceivers (106, 206).
- One or more processors 102, 202 may receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers 106, 206 and may use the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or methods disclosed in this disclosure.
- PDU, SDU, message, control information, data or information can be obtained according to the operation flow charts.
- One or more processors 102, 202 may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer.
- One or more processors 102, 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof.
- ASICs Application Specific Integrated Circuits
- DSPs Digital Signal Processors
- DSPDs Digital Signal Processing Devices
- PLDs Programmable Logic Devices
- FPGAs Field Programmable Gate Arrays
- the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc.
- Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure may be included in one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204). It may be driven by the above processors 102 and 202.
- the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions, and/or sets of instructions.
- One or more memories 104, 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102, 202 and may store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and/or instructions.
- One or more memories 104, 204 may consist of ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer readable storage media, and/or combinations thereof.
- One or more memories 104, 204 may be located internal to and/or external to one or more processors 102, 202. Additionally, one or more memories 104, 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102, 202 through various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.
- One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. mentioned in the methods and/or operation flowcharts of the present disclosure to one or more other devices.
- One or more transceivers 106, 206 may receive user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flow charts, etc. disclosed in this disclosure from one or more other devices. there is.
- one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and may transmit and receive wireless signals.
- one or more processors 102, 202 may control one or more transceivers 106, 206 to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors 102, 202 may control one or more transceivers 106, 206 to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. In addition, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to the one or more antennas (108, 208) according to the description and functions disclosed in the present disclosure. , may be set to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc.
- the one or more antennas may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (eg, antenna ports).
- One or more transceivers (106, 206) process the received user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202), and convert the received wireless signals/channels, etc. from the RF band signal. It can be converted to a baseband signal.
- One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. processed using one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals.
- one or more transceivers 106, 206 may comprise (analog) oscillators and/or filters.
- one of the STAs (100, 200) may perform the intended operation of the AP, and the other STA (100, 200) may perform the intended operation of the non-AP STA.
- the transceivers 106 and 206 of FIG. 1 transmit and receive signals (e.g., packets or PPDU (Physical layer Protocol Data Unit) compliant with IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax/be, etc.) The action can be performed.
- signals e.g., packets or PPDU (Physical layer Protocol Data Unit) compliant with IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax/be, etc.
- PPDU Physical layer Protocol Data Unit
- operations in which various STAs generate transmission/reception signals or perform data processing or computation in advance for transmission/reception signals may be performed by the processors 102 and 202 of FIG. 1 .
- an example of an operation that generates a transmission/reception signal or performs data processing or calculation in advance for the transmission/reception signal is 1) fields included in the PPDU (signal (SIG), short training field (STF), long training field (LTF)) 2) Time resources or frequencies used for fields (SIG, STF, LTF, Data, etc.) included in the PPDU
- An operation to determine/configure/acquire resources e.g., subcarrier resources), etc., 3) a specific sequence (e.g., pilot sequence) used for fields (SIG, STF, LTF, Data, etc.) included in the PPDU , STF/LTF sequence, extra sequence applied to SIG), etc., 4) power control operation and/or power saving operation applied to STA, 5) determining/obtaining/configuring ACK signal.
- / May include operations related to operations/decoding/encoding, etc.
- various information e.g., information related to fields/subfields/control fields/parameters/power, etc.
- various information used by various STAs to determine/acquire/configure/operate/decode/encode transmission/reception signals is It may be stored in memories 104 and 204 of FIG. 1 .
- downlink refers to a link for communication from an AP STA to a non-AP STA, and downlink PPDUs/packets/signals, etc. can be transmitted and received through the downlink.
- the transmitter may be part of an AP STA, and the receiver may be part of a non-AP STA.
- Uplink refers to a link for communication from a non-AP STA to an AP STA, and uplink PPDUs/packets/signals, etc. can be transmitted and received through the uplink.
- the transmitter may be part of a non-AP STA, and the receiver may be part of an AP STA.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an exemplary structure of a wireless LAN system to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- the structure of a wireless LAN system may be composed of a plurality of components.
- a wireless LAN supporting STA mobility that is transparent to the upper layer can be provided through the interaction of a plurality of components.
- BSS Basic Service Set
- BSS1 and BSS2 BSSs
- STA1 and STA2 are included in BSS1
- STA3 and STA4 are included in BSS2.
- the oval representing the BSS can also be understood as representing the coverage area in which STAs included in the BSS maintain communication. This area may be referred to as BSA (Basic Service Area). If an STA moves outside the BSA, it will no longer be able to communicate directly with other STAs within the BSA.
- IBSS Independent BSS
- BSS1 consisting of only STA1 and STA2
- BSS2 consisting of only STA3 and STA4
- This configuration is possible when STAs can communicate directly without an AP.
- a LAN may be configured when necessary rather than planned in advance, and this may be referred to as an ad-hoc network.
- IBSS does not include an AP, there is no centralized management entity. That is, in IBSS, STAs are managed in a distributed manner. In IBSS, all STAs can be mobile STAs, and access to the distributed system (DS) is not allowed, forming a self-contained network.
- DS distributed system
- the STA's membership in the BSS may be dynamically changed by turning the STA on or off, entering or exiting the BSS area, etc.
- an STA can join the BSS using a synchronization process.
- the STA In order to access all services of the BSS infrastructure, the STA must be associated with the BSS. This association may be set dynamically and may include the use of a Distribution System Service (DSS).
- DSS Distribution System Service
- direct STA-to-STA distance may be limited by PHY performance. In some cases, this distance limit may be sufficient, but in other cases, communication between STAs over a longer distance may be necessary.
- a distributed system (DS) may be configured to support expanded coverage.
- DS refers to the structure in which BSSs are interconnected. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, a BSS may exist as an expanded component of a network composed of a plurality of BSSs.
- DS is a logical concept and can be specified by the characteristics of distributed system media (DSM).
- DSM distributed system media
- WM Wireless Medium
- DSM can be logically distinguished.
- Each logical medium serves a different purpose and is used by different components. These media are neither limited to being the same nor different.
- the flexibility of the wireless LAN structure can be explained in that the plurality of media are logically different. That is, the wireless LAN structure can be implemented in various ways, and the wireless LAN structure can be independently specified depending on the physical characteristics of each implementation.
- the DS can support mobile devices by providing seamless integration of multiple BSSs and providing logical services necessary to handle addresses to destinations. Additionally, the DS may further include a component called a portal that acts as a bridge for connecting the wireless LAN to another network (eg, IEEE 802.X).
- a portal that acts as a bridge for connecting the wireless LAN to another network (eg, IEEE 802.X).
- AP refers to an entity that enables access to DS through WM for combined non-AP STAs and also has STA functionality. Data movement between BSS and DS can be performed through AP.
- STA2 and STA3 shown in FIG. 2 have the functionality of STAs and provide a function that allows combined non-AP STAs (STA1 and STA4) to access the DS.
- STA1 and STA4 combined non-AP STAs
- all APs are addressable entities.
- the address used by the AP for communication on WM and the address used by the AP for communication on DSM are not necessarily the same.
- a BSS consisting of an AP and one or more STAs may be referred to as an infrastructure BSS.
- Data transmitted from one of the STA(s) associated with an AP to the AP's STA address is always received on an uncontrolled port and may be processed by the IEEE 802.1X port access entity. Additionally, once the controlled port is authenticated, transmission data (or frames) can be delivered to the DS.
- an extended service set may be set to provide wide coverage.
- ESS means a network of arbitrary size and complexity composed of DS and BSS.
- ESS may correspond to a set of BSSs connected to one DS. However, ESS does not include DS.
- the ESS network is characterized by being seen as an IBSS in the LLC (Logical Link Control) layer. STAs included in the ESS can communicate with each other, and mobile STAs can move from one BSS to another BSS (within the same ESS) transparently to the LLC.
- APs included in one ESS may have the same SSID (service set identification). SSID is distinguished from BSSID, which is the identifier of the BSS.
- BSSs can partially overlap, which is a commonly used form to provide continuous coverage. Additionally, BSSs may not be physically connected, and logically there is no limit to the distance between BSSs. Additionally, BSSs can be physically located in the same location, which can be used to provide redundancy. Additionally, one (or more than one) IBSS or ESS networks may physically exist in the same space as one (or more than one) ESS network. This is when an ad-hoc network operates in a location where an ESS network exists, when physically overlapping wireless networks are configured by different organizations, or when two or more different access and security policies are required at the same location. It may correspond to the ESS network type in, etc.
- Figure 3 is a diagram for explaining a link setup process to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- the link setup process can also be referred to as a session initiation process or session setup process. Additionally, the process of discovery, authentication, combination, and security setting in the link setup process may be collectively referred to as the combination process.
- the STA may perform a network discovery operation.
- the network discovery operation may include scanning of the STA. In other words, in order for an STA to access the network, it must find a network that it can participate in. STA must identify a compatible network before participating in a wireless network, and the process of identifying networks that exist in a specific area is called scanning.
- Scanning methods include active scanning and passive scanning.
- Figure 3 exemplarily illustrates a network discovery operation including an active scanning process.
- active scanning the STA performing scanning transmits a probe request frame to discover which APs exist in the vicinity while moving channels and waits for a response.
- the responder transmits a probe response frame in response to the probe request frame to the STA that transmitted the probe request frame.
- the responder may be the STA that last transmitted a beacon frame in the BSS of the channel being scanned.
- BSS the AP transmits a beacon frame, so the AP becomes a responder.
- IBSS the STAs within the IBSS take turns transmitting beacon frames, so the responder is not constant.
- an STA that transmits a probe request frame on channel 1 and receives a probe response frame on channel 1 stores the BSS-related information included in the received probe response frame and sends it to the next channel (e.g., channel 2).
- the scanning operation may be performed in a passive scanning manner.
- passive scanning the STA performing scanning waits for a beacon frame while moving channels.
- a beacon frame is one of the management frames defined in IEEE 802.11 and is transmitted periodically to notify the existence of a wireless network and enable the STA performing scanning to find the wireless network and participate in the wireless network.
- the AP plays the role of periodically transmitting beacon frames, and in IBSS, STAs within the IBSS take turns transmitting beacon frames.
- the STA performing scanning receives a beacon frame, it stores information about the BSS included in the beacon frame and records the beacon frame information in each channel while moving to another channel.
- the STA that received the beacon frame may store the BSS-related information included in the received beacon frame, move to the next channel, and perform scanning on the next channel in the same manner. Comparing active scanning and passive scanning, active scanning has the advantage of lower delay and power consumption than passive scanning.
- step S320 After the STA discovers the network, an authentication process may be performed in step S320.
- This authentication process may be referred to as a first authentication process to clearly distinguish it from the security setup operation of step S340, which will be described later.
- the authentication process includes the STA sending an authentication request frame to the AP, and in response, the AP sending an authentication response frame to the STA.
- the authentication frame used for authentication request/response corresponds to the management frame.
- the authentication frame includes authentication algorithm number, authentication transaction sequence number, status code, challenge text, RSN (Robust Security Network), and finite cyclic group. Group), etc. may be included. This corresponds to some examples of information that can be included in the authentication request/response frame, and may be replaced with other information or additional information may be included.
- the STA may transmit an authentication request frame to the AP.
- the AP may decide whether to allow authentication for the corresponding STA based on the information included in the received authentication request frame.
- the AP can provide the result of the authentication process to the STA through an authentication response frame.
- the association process includes the STA transmitting an association request frame to the AP, and in response, the AP transmits an association response frame to the STA.
- the binding request frame contains information related to various capabilities, beacon listen interval, service set identifier (SSID), supported rates, supported channels, RSN, and mobility. It may include information about domains, supported operating classes, TIM broadcast requests (Traffic Indication Map Broadcast requests), interworking service capabilities, etc.
- the association response frame contains information related to various capabilities, status code, Association ID (AID), supported rate, Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) parameter set, Received Channel Power Indicator (RCPI), and Received Signal to RSNI (Received Channel Power Indicator). Noise Indicator), mobility domain, timeout interval (e.g. association comeback time), overlapping BSS scan parameters, TIM broadcast response, Quality of Service (QoS) map, etc. can do. This corresponds to some examples of information that can be included in the combined request/response frame, and may be replaced with other information or additional information may be included.
- AID Association ID
- EDCA Enhanced Distributed Channel Access
- RCPI Received Channel Power Indicator
- a security setup process may be performed in step S340.
- the security setup process of step S340 may be referred to as an authentication process through RSNA (Robust Security Network Association) request/response, and the authentication process of step S320 may be referred to as a first authentication process, and the security setup process of step S340 It may also simply be referred to as an authentication process.
- RSNA Robot Security Network Association
- the security setup process of step S340 may include the process of setting up a private key, for example, through 4-way handshaking through an Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN (EAPOL) frame. . Additionally, the security setup process may be performed according to a security method not defined in the IEEE 802.11 standard.
- EAPOL Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN
- Figure 4 is a diagram for explaining a backoff process to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- the basic access mechanism of MAC is the CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance) mechanism.
- the CSMA/CA mechanism also called the Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) of IEEE 802.11 MAC, basically adopts a “listen before talk” access mechanism.
- DCF Distributed Coordination Function
- the AP and/or STA senses the wireless channel or medium during a predetermined time period (e.g., DIFS (DCF Inter-Frame Space)) before starting transmission.
- CCA Cross Channel Assessment
- the AP and/or STA does not initiate its own transmission and waits by setting a delay period (e.g., a random backoff period) for medium access. Frame transmission can be attempted later. By applying a random backoff period, multiple STAs are expected to attempt frame transmission after waiting for different times, so collisions can be minimized.
- a delay period e.g., a random backoff period
- HCF Hybrid Coordination Function
- HCF is based on the DCF and PCF (Point Coordination Function).
- PCF is a polling-based synchronous access method that periodically polls all receiving APs and/or STAs to receive data frames.
- HCF has Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) and HCF Controlled Channel Access (HCCA).
- EDCA is a competition-based access method for a provider to provide data frames to multiple users, and HCCA uses a non-competition-based channel access method using a polling mechanism.
- HCF includes a medium access mechanism to improve the Quality of Service (QoS) of the wireless LAN, and can transmit QoS data in both the Contention Period (CP) and the Contention Free Period (CFP). .
- QoS Quality of Service
- the random backoff count has a pseudo-random integer value and can be determined as one of the values ranging from 0 to CW.
- CW is the contention window parameter value.
- the CW parameter is given an initial value of CWmin, but in case of transmission failure (for example, when an ACK for a transmitted frame is not received), the value can be doubled.
- the STA continues to monitor the medium while counting down backoff slots according to the determined backoff count value.
- the medium is monitored as occupied, it stops counting down and waits, and when the medium becomes idle, it resumes the remaining countdown.
- STA3 when a packet to be transmitted arrives at the MAC of STA3, STA3 can confirm that the medium is in an idle state as much as DIFS and immediately transmit the frame. The remaining STAs monitor whether the medium is occupied/busy and wait. In the meantime, data to be transmitted may be generated in each of STA1, STA2, and STA5, and each STA waits for DIFS when the medium is monitored as idle, and then counts down the backoff slot according to the random backoff count value selected by each STA. can be performed. Assume that STA2 selects the smallest backoff count value and STA1 selects the largest backoff count value.
- the remaining backoff time of STA5 is shorter than the remaining backoff time of STA1.
- STA1 and STA5 briefly stop counting down and wait while STA2 occupies the medium.
- STA1 and STA5 wait for DIFS and then resume the stopped backoff count. That is, frame transmission can begin after counting down the remaining backoff slots equal to the remaining backoff time. Since the remaining backoff time of STA5 was shorter than that of STA1, STA5 starts transmitting the frame. While STA2 occupies the medium, data to be transmitted may also occur in STA4.
- STA4 when the medium is idle, it can wait for DIFS, then count down according to the random backoff count value selected by the STA4 and begin frame transmission.
- the example of FIG. 4 shows a case where the remaining backoff time of STA5 coincidentally coincides with the random backoff count value of STA4, and in this case, a collision may occur between STA4 and STA5. If a collision occurs, neither STA4 nor STA5 receives an ACK, and data transmission fails. In this case, STA4 and STA5 can double the CW value, then select a random backoff count value and perform a countdown.
- STA1 can wait while the medium is occupied due to the transmission of STA4 and STA5, wait for DIFS when the medium becomes idle, and then start transmitting the frame when the remaining backoff time has elapsed.
- the data frame is a frame used for transmission of data forwarded to the upper layer, and can be transmitted after backoff performed after DIFS has elapsed from when the medium becomes idle.
- the management frame is a frame used to exchange management information that is not forwarded to the upper layer, and is transmitted after a backoff performed after an IFS such as DIFS or PIFS (Point coordination function IFS).
- Subtype frames of management frames include Beacon, Association request/response, re-association request/response, probe request/response, and authentication request/response. request/response), etc.
- a control frame is a frame used to control access to media.
- Subtype frames of control frames include Request-To-Send (RTS), Clear-To-Send (CTS), Acknowledgment (ACK), Power Save-Poll (PS-Poll), Block ACK (BlockAck), and Block ACK Request ( BlockACKReq), NDP announcement (null data packet announcement), trigger, etc.
- RTS Request-To-Send
- CTS Clear-To-Send
- ACK Acknowledgment
- PS-Poll Power Save-Poll
- Block ACK Block ACK
- BlockACKReq Block ACK Request
- NDP announcement nucle data packet announcement
- the type and subtype of the frame can be identified by the type field and subtype field in the frame control (FC) field.
- QoS (Quality of Service) STA is a backoff performed after AIFS (arbitration IFS) for the access category (AC) to which the frame belongs, that is, AIFS[i] (where i is a value determined by AC).
- AIFS[i] (where i is a value determined by AC).
- the frame can be transmitted.
- the frame in which AIFS[i] can be used can be a data frame, a management frame, or a control frame rather than a response frame.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a CSMA/CA-based frame transmission operation to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- the CSMA/CA mechanism includes virtual carrier sensing in addition to physical carrier sensing, in which the STA directly senses the medium.
- Virtual carrier sensing is intended to compensate for problems that may occur in medium access, such as hidden node problems.
- the STA's MAC can use a Network Allocation Vector (NAV).
- NAV Network Allocation Vector
- NAV is a value by which an STA that is currently using the medium or has the authority to use it indicates to other STAs the time remaining until the medium becomes available. Therefore, the value set as NAV corresponds to the period during which the medium is scheduled to be used by the STA transmitting the frame, and the STA receiving the NAV value is prohibited from accessing the medium during that period.
- the NAV can be set based on the value of the “duration” field in the MAC header of the frame.
- STA1 wants to transmit data to STA2, and STA3 is in a position to overhear some or all of the frames transmitted and received between STA1 and STA2.
- STA3 may determine that the medium is in an idle state as a result of carrier sensing. That is, STA1 may correspond to a hidden node for STA3.
- STA2 while STA2 is transmitting, STA3 may determine that the medium is in an idle state as a result of carrier sensing. That is, STA2 may correspond to a hidden node for STA3.
- STA1 can determine whether a channel is being used through carrier sensing. In terms of physical carrier sensing, STA1 can determine the channel occupancy idle state based on the energy level or signal correlation detected in the channel. Additionally, in terms of virtual carrier sensing, STA1 can determine the channel occupancy status using a network allocation vector (NAV) timer.
- NAV network allocation vector
- STA1 may transmit an RTS frame to STA2 after performing backoff.
- STA2 may transmit a CTS frame, which is a response to the RTS frame, to STA1 after SIFS.
- STA3 uses the duration information included in the RTS frame to determine the transmission period of subsequently continuously transmitted frames. You can set the NAV timer for (e.g., SIFS + CTS frame + SIFS + data frame + SIFS + ACK frame). Alternatively, if STA3 cannot overhear the RTS frame from STA1 but can overhear the CTS frame from STA2, STA3 uses the duration information included in the CTS frame to transmit frames that are subsequently transmitted continuously. You can set a NAV timer for a period (e.g. SIFS + data frame + SIFS + ACK frame).
- STA3 can overhear one or more of the RTS or CTS frames from one or more of STA1 or STA2, it can set the NAV accordingly. If a new frame is received before the NAV timer expires, STA3 can update the NAV timer using the duration information included in the new frame. STA3 does not attempt channel access until the NAV timer expires.
- STA1 When STA1 receives a CTS frame from STA2, STA1 can transmit a data frame to STA2 after SIFS from the time reception of the CTS frame is completed. If STA2 successfully receives a data frame, STA2 can transmit an ACK frame, which is a response to the data frame, to STA1 after SIFS.
- STA3 can determine whether the channel is being used through carrier sensing when the NAV timer expires. STA3 may attempt to access the channel after expiration of the NAV timer and after the contention window (CW) according to random backoff if it determines that the channel is not used by another terminal during DIFS.
- CW contention window
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining an example of a frame structure used in a wireless LAN system to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- the PHY layer can prepare an MPDU (MAC PDU) to be transmitted. For example, when a command requesting the start of transmission of the PHY layer is received from the MAC layer, the PHY layer switches to the transmission mode and information (e.g., data) provided from the MAC layer can be configured and transmitted in the form of a frame. . Additionally, when the PHY layer detects a valid preamble of a received frame, it monitors the header of the preamble and sends a command notifying the start of reception of the PHY layer to the MAC layer.
- MPDU MPDU
- a PHY layer protocol data unit Physical layer Protocol Data Unit, PPDU
- PPDU Physical layer Protocol Data Unit
- a basic PPDU frame may include a Short Training Field (STF), Long Training Field (LTF), SIGNAL (SIG) field, and Data (Data) field.
- the most basic (e.g., non-HT (High Throughput)) PPDU frame format may consist of only Legacy-STF (L-STF), Legacy-LTF (L-LTF), SIG field, and data field.
- L-STF Legacy-STF
- L-LTF Legacy-LTF
- SIG field data field
- additional (or different types of) elements may be added between the SIG field and the data field.
- STF, LTF, and SIG fields may be included (this will be described later with reference to FIG. 7).
- STF is a signal for signal detection, AGC (Automatic Gain Control), diversity selection, and precise time synchronization, and LTF is a signal for channel estimation and frequency error estimation.
- STF and LTF can be said to be signals for synchronization and channel estimation of the OFDM physical layer.
- the SIG field may include a RATE field and a LENGTH field.
- the RATE field may include information about the modulation and coding rate of data.
- the LENGTH field may contain information about the length of data. Additionally, the SIG field may include a parity bit, SIG TAIL bit, etc.
- the data field may include a SERVICE field, PSDU (Physical layer Service Data Unit), and PPDU TAIL bits, and may also include padding bits if necessary. Some bits of the SERVICE field can be used for synchronization of the descrambler at the receiving end.
- PSDU corresponds to the MAC PDU defined in the MAC layer and may include data generated/used in the upper layer.
- the PPDU TAIL bit can be used to return the encoder to the 0 state.
- Padding bits can be used to adjust the length of the data field to a predetermined unit.
- the MAC PDU is defined according to various MAC frame formats, and the basic MAC frame consists of a MAC header, frame body, and FCS (Frame Check Sequence).
- the MAC frame consists of a MAC PDU and can be transmitted/received through the PSDU of the data portion of the PPDU frame format.
- the MAC header includes a frame control field, a duration/ID field, an address field, etc.
- the frame control field may include control information necessary for frame transmission/reception.
- the Duration/ID field can be set to the time for transmitting the corresponding frame, etc.
- the null-data packet (NDP) frame format refers to a frame format that does not include data packets.
- the NDP frame refers to a frame format that includes the PLCP (physical layer convergence procedure) header portion (i.e., STF, LTF, and SIG fields) in a general PPDU frame format and does not include the remaining portion (i.e., data field). do.
- PLCP physical layer convergence procedure
- NDP frames may also be referred to as short frame formats.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating examples of PPDUs defined in the IEEE 802.11 standard to which this disclosure can be applied.
- the basic PPDU format (IEEE 802.11a/g) includes L-LTF, L-STF, L-SIG, and Data fields.
- the basic PPDU format may be referred to as the non-HT PPDU format.
- the HT PPDU format (IEEE 802.11n) additionally includes the HT-SIG, HT-STF, and HT-LFT(s) fields to the basic PPDU format.
- the HT PPDU format shown in FIG. 7 may be referred to as an HT-mixed format.
- an HT-greenfield format PPDU may be defined, which does not include L-STF, L-LTF, and L-SIG, but includes HT-GF-STF, HT-LTF1, HT-SIG, and one or more HT-LTF, Data Corresponds to a format composed of fields (not shown).
- VHT PPDU format (IEEE 802.11ac) includes VHT SIG-A, VHT-STF, VHT-LTF, and VHT-SIG-B fields in addition to the basic PPDU format.
- HE PPDU formats include Repeated L-SIG (RL-SIG), HE-SIG-A, HE-SIG-B, HE-STF, HE-LTF(s), and Packet Extension (PE) fields. is included in addition to the basic PPDU format. Depending on detailed examples of the HE PPDU format, some fields may be excluded or their length may vary. For example, the HE-SIG-B field is included in the HE PPDU format for multiple users (MU), and the HE PPDU format for a single user (SU) does not include HE-SIG-B.
- MU multiple users
- SU single user
- the HE trigger-based (TB) PPDU format does not include HE-SIG-B, and the length of the HE-STF field may vary to 8us.
- the HE ER (Extended Range) SU PPDU format does not include the HE-SIG-B field, and the length of the HE-SIG-A field may vary to 16us.
- FIGS. 8 to 10 are diagrams for explaining examples of resource units of a wireless LAN system to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- RU resource unit defined in a wireless LAN system will be described with reference to FIGS. 8 to 10.
- RU may include multiple subcarriers (or tones).
- RU can be used when transmitting signals to multiple STAs based on OFDMA technique. Additionally, RU may be defined even when transmitting a signal to one STA.
- RU can be used for the STF, LTF, data field, etc. of the PPDU.
- RUs corresponding to different numbers of tones are used to select some fields of a 20MHz, 40MHz, or 80MHz X-PPDU (X is HE, EHT, etc.) It can be configured. For example, resources may be allocated in units of RU as shown for the X-STF, X-LTF, and Data fields.
- Figure 8 is a diagram showing an exemplary arrangement of resource units (RUs) used on the 20 MHz band.
- 26-units i.e., units corresponding to 26 tones
- Six tones can be used as a guard band in the leftmost band of the 20MHz band, and five tones can be used as a guard band in the rightmost band of the 20MHz band.
- 7 DC tones are inserted into the center band, that is, the DC band, and 26 units corresponding to each of the 13 tones may exist on the left and right sides of the DC band.
- 26-unit, 52-unit, and 106-unit may be allocated to other bands. Each unit may be allocated for an STA or user.
- the RU arrangement of FIG. 8 is used not only in situations for multiple users (MU), but also in situations for single users (SU), in which case, as shown at the bottom of FIG. 8, one 242-unit is used. It is possible. In this case, three DC tones can be inserted.
- RUs of various sizes that is, 26-RU, 52-RU, 106-RU, 242-RU, etc.
- the specific sizes of these RUs may be reduced or expanded. Accordingly, the specific size of each RU (i.e., the number of corresponding tones) in the present disclosure is not limiting and is illustrative. Additionally, in the present disclosure, within a predetermined bandwidth (e.g., 20, 40, 80, 160, 320 MHz, ...), the number of RUs may vary depending on the RU size. In the example of FIG. 9 and/or FIG. 10 described below, the fact that the size and/or number of RUs can be changed is the same as the example of FIG. 8.
- Figure 9 is a diagram showing an exemplary arrangement of resource units (RUs) used on the 40 MHz band.
- 26-RU, 52-RU, 106-RU, 242-RU, 484-RU, etc. can also be used in the example of FIG. 9. Additionally, 5 DC tones can be inserted into the center frequency, 12 tones are used as a guard band in the leftmost band of the 40MHz band, and 11 tones are used as a guard band in the rightmost band of the 40MHz band. This can be used as a guard band.
- 484-RU when used for a single user, 484-RU may be used.
- Figure 10 is a diagram showing an exemplary arrangement of resource units (RUs) used on the 80 MHz band.
- RUs resource units
- 26-RU, 52-RU, 106-RU, 242-RU, 484-RU, 996-RU, etc. can also be used in the example of FIG. 10. there is.
- the RU placement of the HE PPDU and the EHT PPDU may be different, and the example in FIG. 10 shows an example of the RU placement for the 80MHz EHT PPDU.
- 12 tones are used as a guard band in the leftmost band of the 80 MHz band, and 11 tones are used as a guard band in the rightmost band of the 80 MHz band.
- EHT PPDU are the same.
- 996-RU when used for a single user, 996-RU can be used and in this case, the insertion of 5 DC tones is common in HE PPDU and EHT PPDU.
- EHT PPDUs of 160 MHz or higher can be configured as multiple 80 MHz subblocks in FIG. 10.
- the RU placement for each 80MHz subblock may be the same as the RU placement of the 80MHz EHT PPDU in FIG. 10. If the 80MHz subblock of a 160MHz or 320MHz EHT PPDU is not punctured and the entire 80MHz subblock is used as part of a RU or multiple RU (MRU), the 80MHz subblock can use 996-RU in FIG. 10. .
- the MRU corresponds to a group of subcarriers (or tones) comprised of a plurality of RUs, and the multiple RUs constituting the MRU may be RUs of the same size or RUs of different sizes.
- a single MRU can have 52+26-ton, 106+26-ton, 484+242-ton, 996+484-ton, 996+484+242-ton, 2 ⁇ 996+484-ton, 3 ⁇ 996-ton, Or it can be defined as 3 ⁇ 996+484-ton.
- a plurality of RUs constituting one MRU may correspond to RUs of small size (e.g., 26, 52, 106) or RUs of large size (e.g., 242, 484, 996, etc.). You can. That is, one MRU containing a small-sized RU and a large-sized RU may not be set/defined. Additionally, a plurality of RUs constituting one MRU may or may not be continuous in the frequency domain.
- the 80MHz subblock can use RU batches excluding the 996-ton RU.
- the RU of the present disclosure may be used for uplink (UL) and/or downlink (DL) communication.
- the STA e.g., AP
- the trigger transmits trigger information (e.g., trigger frame or triggered response scheduling (TRS)
- the 1st RU e.g., 26/52/106/242-RU, etc.
- the 2nd RU e.g., 26/52/106/242-RU, etc.
- the first STA may transmit a first trigger-based (TB) PPDU based on the first RU
- the second STA may transmit a second TB PPDU based on the second RU.
- the 1st/2nd TB PPDU may be transmitted to the AP in the same time period.
- the STA (e.g., AP) transmitting the DL MU PPDU transmits the first RU (e.g., 26/52/106/242-RU, etc.) to the first STA.
- the second RU e.g., 26/52/106/242-RU, etc.
- the transmitting STA may transmit the HE-STF, HE-LTF, and Data fields for the first STA through the first RU within one MU PPDU, and transmit the HE-STF, HE-LTF, and Data fields for the first STA through the second RU.
- 2 HE-STF, HE-LTF, and Data fields for STA can be transmitted.
- Information about the deployment of RUs can be signaled through HE-SIG-B in HE PPDU format.
- 11 shows an example structure of the HE-SIG-B field.
- the HE-SIG-B field may include a common field and a user-specific field. If HE-SIG-B compression is applied (e.g., in the case of full-bandwidth MU-MIMO transmission), common fields may not be included in HE-SIG-B and HE-SIG-B content A content channel can only contain user-specific fields. If HE-SIG-B compression is not applied, common fields may be included in HE-SIG-B.
- Common fields may include information about RU allocation (e.g., RU assignment, RUs deployed for MU-MIMO, number of MU-MIMO users (STAs), etc.) .
- RU allocation e.g., RU assignment, RUs deployed for MU-MIMO, number of MU-MIMO users (STAs), etc.
- the common field may include N*8 RU allocation subfields.
- One 8-bit RU allocation subfield may indicate the size (26, 52, 106, etc.) and frequency location (or RU index) of RUs included in the 20 MHz band.
- the value of the 8-bit RU allocation subfield is 00000000
- nine 26-RUs are arranged in order from the extreme left to the extreme right in the example of FIG. 8, and if the value is 00000001, seven 26-RUs and 1 If 52-RUs are placed in order from leftmost to right, and the value is 00000010, then five 26-RUs, one 52-RU, and two 26-RUs are placed in order from leftmost to right. It can be expressed.
- the value of the 8-bit RU allocation subfield is 01000y 2 y 1 y 0 , it indicates that one 106-RU and five 26-RUs are arranged in order from the extreme left to the extreme right in the example of FIG. 8. You can.
- multiple users/STAs may be allocated to 106-RU in the MU-MIMO method.
- a maximum of 8 users/STAs can be assigned to a 106-RU, and the number of users/STAs assigned to a 106-RU is determined based on 3-bit information (i.e., y 2 y 1 y 0 ). For example, if 3-bit information (y 2 y 1 y 0 ) corresponds to the decimal value N, the number of users/STAs allocated to 106-RU may be N+1.
- one user/STA may be assigned to each of a plurality of RUs, and different users/STAs may be assigned to different RUs.
- RUs larger than a certain size e.g., 106, 242, 484, 996-ton, (7)
- multiple users/STAs may be assigned to one RU, and MUs may be assigned to the multiple users/STAs.
- -MIMO method can be applied.
- the set of user-specific fields contains information about how all users (STAs) of that PPDU decode their payload.
- User-specific fields may contain zero or more user block fields.
- the non-final user block field includes two user fields (i.e., information to be used for decoding in two STAs).
- the final user block field contains one or two user fields.
- the number of user fields may be indicated by the RU allocation subfield of HE-SIG-B, the number of symbols in HE-SIG-B, or the MU-MIMO user field of HE-SIG-A. there is.
- User-specific fields may be encoded separately or independently from common fields.
- Figure 12 is a diagram for explaining the MU-MIMO scheme in which multiple users/STAs are allocated to one RU.
- one 106-RU and five 26-RUs can be arranged in order from the leftmost side to the rightmost side of a specific 20MHz band/channel. 3 users/STAs can be assigned to 106-RU in MU-MIMO method.
- the user-specific field of HE-SIG-B may include 8 user fields (i.e., 4 user block fields). Eight user fields can be assigned to an RU as shown in FIG. 12.
- User fields can be configured based on two formats.
- the user field for MU-MIMO allocation may be configured in a first format
- the user field for non-MU-MIMO allocation may be configured in a second format.
- user fields 1 to 3 may be based on a first format
- user fields 4 to 8 may be based on a second format.
- the first format and the second format may include bit information of the same length (eg, 21 bits).
- the user fields of the first format may be structured as follows.
- B0-B10 contain the user's identification information (e.g., STA-ID, AID, partial AID, etc.)
- B11-14 contain the user's identification information (e.g., STA-ID, AID, partial AID, etc.).
- It contains spatial configuration information such as the number of spatial streams
- B15-B18 contains MCS (Modulation and coding scheme) information applied to the Data field of the corresponding PPDU
- B19 is a reserved field.
- B20 may include information about the coding type (e.g., binary convolutional coding (BCC) or low-density parity check (LDPC)) applied to the Data field of the corresponding PPDU.
- BCC binary convolutional coding
- LDPC low-density parity check
- the user fields of the second format may be structured as follows. For example, among the total 21 bits of one user field, B0-B10 contain the user's identification information (e.g. STA-ID, AID, partial AID, etc.), and B11-13 apply to the corresponding RU. It contains information on the number of spatial streams (NSTS), B14 contains information indicating whether beamforming (or whether beamforming steering matrix is applied), and B15-B18 contain MCS (Modulation and Modulation and Steering Matrix) applied to the Data field of the corresponding PPDU.
- B0-B10 contain the user's identification information (e.g. STA-ID, AID, partial AID, etc.), and B11-13 apply to the corresponding RU. It contains information on the number of spatial streams (NSTS), B14 contains information indicating whether beamforming (or whether beamforming steering matrix is applied), and B15-B18 contain MCS (Modulation and Modulation and Steering Matrix) applied to the Data field of the corresponding PPDU.
- B19 includes information indicating whether DCM (dual carrier modulation) is applied
- B20 includes information about the coding type (e.g., BCC or LDPC) applied to the Data field of the corresponding PPDU. You can.
- DCM dual carrier modulation
- MCS, MCS information, MCS index, MCS field, etc. used in this disclosure may be displayed as a specific index value.
- MCS information may be displayed as index 0 to index 11.
- MCS information includes information about the constellation modulation type (e.g., BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, 256-QAM, 1024-QAM, etc.), and coding rate (e.g., 1/2, 2/ 3, 3/4, 5/6, etc.).
- MCS information may exclude information about the channel coding type (eg, BCC or LDPC).
- Figure 13 shows an example of a PPDU format to which this disclosure can be applied.
- the PPDU in FIG. 13 may be called various names such as EHT PPDU, transmission PPDU, reception PPDU, first type, or N type PPDU.
- the PPDU or EHT PPDU of the present disclosure may be called various names such as transmission PPDU, reception PPDU, first type, or N type PPDU.
- the EHT PPU can be used in the EHT system and/or a new wireless LAN system that improves the EHT system.
- the EHT MU PPDU in FIG. 13 corresponds to a PPDU carrying one or more data (or PSDU) for one or more users. That is, the EHT MU PPDU can be used for both SU transmission and MU transmission.
- the EHT MU PPDU may correspond to a PPDU for one receiving STA or multiple receiving STAs.
- the EHT TB PPDU in FIG. 13 omits the EHT-SIG compared to the EHT MU PPDU.
- An STA that receives a trigger (e.g., trigger frame or TRS) for UL MU transmission may perform UL transmission based on the EHT TB PPDU format.
- a trigger e.g., trigger frame or TRS
- L-STF to EHT-LTF corresponds to a preamble or physical preamble and can be generated/transmitted/received/acquired/decoded in the physical layer.
- Subcarrier frequency spacing of L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG (Universal SIGNAL), and EHT-SIG fields (these are called pre-EHT modulated fields) (subcarrier frequency spacing) can be set to 312.5kHz.
- the subcarrier frequency interval of the EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, Data, and PE fields (these are referred to as EHT modulated fields) can be set to 78.125 kHz.
- the tone/subcarrier index of the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG, and EHT-SIG fields is displayed in units of 312.5kHz, and the EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, Data,
- the tone/subcarrier index of the PE field can be expressed in units of 78.125kHz.
- the L-LTF and L-STF of FIG. 13 may be configured identically to the corresponding fields of the PPDU described in FIGS. 6 and 7.
- the L-SIG field in FIG. 13 consists of 24 bits and can be used to communicate rate and length information.
- the L-SIG field includes a 4-bit Rate field, a 1-bit Reserved bit, a 12-bit Length field, a 1-bit Parity field, and a 6-bit Tail. (Tail) field may be included.
- the 12-bit Length field may contain information about the length or time duration of the PPDU.
- the value of the 12-bit Length field may be determined based on the type of PPDU. For example, for non-HT, HT, VHT, or EHT PPDU, the value of the Length field may be determined to be a multiple of 3. For example, for a HE PPDU, the value of the Length field may be determined as a multiple of 3 + 1 or a multiple of 3 + 2.
- the transmitting STA may apply BCC encoding based on a coding rate of 1/2 to 24 bits of information in the L-SIG field. Afterwards, the transmitting STA can obtain 48 bits of BCC encoding bits. BPSK modulation can be applied to 48 encoded bits to generate 48 BPSK symbols. The transmitting STA transmits 48 BPSK symbols, a pilot subcarrier (e.g., ⁇ subcarrier index -21, -7, +7, +21 ⁇ ) and a DC subcarrier (e.g., ⁇ subcarrier index 0 ⁇ ). It can be mapped to locations other than .
- a pilot subcarrier e.g., ⁇ subcarrier index -21, -7, +7, +21 ⁇
- DC subcarrier e.g., ⁇ subcarrier index 0 ⁇
- the transmitting STA may additionally map the signal ⁇ -1, -1, -1, 1 ⁇ to the subcarrier index ⁇ -28, -27, +27, +28 ⁇ .
- the above signal can be used for channel estimation for the frequency region corresponding to ⁇ -28, -27, +27, +28 ⁇ .
- the transmitting STA may generate an RL-SIG that is generated identically to the L-SIG. BPSK modulation is applied for RL-SIG.
- the receiving STA can know that the received PPDU is a HE PPDU or EHT PPDU based on the presence of the RL-SIG.
- U-SIG Universal SIG
- U-SIG may be inserted after RL-SIG in FIG. 13.
- U-SIG may be called various names such as 1st SIG field, 1st SIG, 1st type SIG, control signal, control signal field, and 1st (type) control signal.
- U-SIG may include N bits of information and may include information for identifying the type of EHT PPDU.
- U-SIG may be configured based on two symbols (e.g., two consecutive OFDM symbols).
- Each symbol (e.g., OFDM symbol) for U-SIG may have a duration of 4us, and U-SIG may have a total duration of 8us.
- Each symbol of U-SIG can be used to transmit 26 bits of information.
- each symbol of U-SIG can be transmitted and received based on 52 data tones and 4 pilot tones.
- a bit information (e.g., 52 uncoded bits) may be transmitted through U-SIG (or U-SIG field), and the first symbol of U-SIG ( For example, U-SIG-1) transmits the first -2) may transmit the remaining Y bit information (e.g., 26 un-coded bits) among the total A bit information.
- the transmitting STA may obtain 26 un-coded bits included in each U-SIG symbol.
- the transmitting STA can perform BPSK modulation on the interleaved 52-coded bits to generate 52 BPSK symbols assigned to each U-SIG symbol.
- One U-SIG symbol can be transmitted based on 56 tones (subcarriers) from subcarrier index -28 to subcarrier index +28, excluding DC index 0.
- the 52 BPSK symbols generated by the transmitting STA can be transmitted based on the remaining tones (subcarriers) excluding the pilot tones -21, -7, +7, and +21.
- the A bit information (e.g., 52 uncoded bits) transmitted by U-SIG consists of a CRC field (e.g., a 4-bit long field) and a tail field (e.g., a 6-bit long field). ) may include.
- the CRC field and tail field may be transmitted through the second symbol of U-SIG.
- the CRC field may be generated based on the 26 bits allocated to the first symbol of U-SIG and the remaining 16 bits within the second symbol excluding the CRC/tail field, and may be generated based on a conventional CRC calculation algorithm. You can.
- the tail field can be used to terminate the trellis of the convolutional decoder and can be set to 0, for example.
- a bit information (e.g., 52 un-coded bits) transmitted by U-SIG (or U-SIG field) can be divided into version-independent bits and version-independent bits. You can.
- the size of version-independent bits can be fixed or variable.
- version-independent bits may be allocated only to the first symbol of the U-SIG, or version-independent bits may be allocated to both the first symbol and the second symbol of the U-SIG.
- version-independent bits and version-dependent bits may be called various names, such as first control bit and second control bit.
- U-SIG's version-independent bits may include a 3-bit physical layer version identifier (PHY version identifier).
- the 3-bit PHY version identifier may include information related to the PHY version of the transmitted/received PPDU.
- the first value of the 3-bit PHY version identifier may indicate that the transmitted and received PPDU is an EHT PPDU.
- the transmitting STA may set the 3-bit PHY version identifier as the first value.
- the receiving STA can determine that the received PPDU is an EHT PPDU based on the PHY version identifier with the first value.
- the version-independent bits of U-SIG may include a 1-bit UL/DL flag field.
- the first value of the 1-bit UL/DL flag field is related to UL communication
- the second value of the UL/DL flag field is related to DL communication.
- the version-independent bits of U-SIG may include information about the length of transmission opportunity (TXOP) and information about BSS color ID.
- TXOP length of transmission opportunity
- BSS color ID information about BSS color ID.
- EHT PPDU related to SU mode e.g., EHT PPDU related to MU mode
- EHT PPDU related to TB mode e.g., EHT PPDU related to Extended Range transmission, etc.
- Information about the type of EHT PPDU may be included in the version-dependent bits of U-SIG.
- U-SIG has 1) a bandwidth field containing information about the bandwidth, 2) a field containing information about the MCS technique applied to the EHT-SIG, and 3) whether the DCM technique is applied to the EHT-SIG. 4) a field containing information about the number of symbols used for the EHT-SIG, 5) a field containing information about whether the EHT-SIG is generated over the entire band, 6) A field containing information about the type of EHT-LTF/STF, 7) It may contain information about a field indicating the length of EHT-LTF and CP length.
- Preamble puncturing may be applied to the PPDU of FIG. 13.
- Preamble puncturing means applying puncturing to some bands (e.g., secondary 20 MHz band) among the entire bands of the PPDU. For example, when an 80 MHz PPDU is transmitted, the STA applies puncturing to the secondary 20 MHz band among the 80 MHz band and transmits the PPDU only through the primary 20 MHz band and the secondary 40 MHz band. there is.
- the pattern of preamble puncturing can be set in advance. For example, when the first puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing may be applied only to the secondary 20 MHz band within the 80 MHz band. For example, when the second puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing may be applied to only one of the two secondary 20 MHz bands included in the secondary 40 MHz band within the 80 MHz band. For example, when the third puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing can be applied only to the secondary 20 MHz band included in the primary 80 MHz band within the 160 MHz band (or 80+80 MHz band).
- the primary 40 MHz band included in the primary 80 MHz band within the 160 MHz band exists and does not belong to the primary 40 MHz band. Puncturing may be applied to at least one 20 MHz channel that is not connected.
- Information about preamble puncturing applied to the PPDU may be included in U-SIG and/or EHT-SIG.
- the first field of U-SIG may include information about the contiguous bandwidth of the PPDU
- the second field of U-SIG may include information about preamble puncturing applied to the PPDU. there is.
- U-SIG and EHT-SIG may include information about preamble puncturing based on the method below. If the bandwidth of the PPDU exceeds 80 MHz, U-SIG can be individually configured in 80 MHz units. For example, if the bandwidth of the PPDU is 160 MHz, the PPDU may include a first U-SIG for the first 80 MHz band and a second U-SIG for the second 80 MHz band. In this case, the first field of the first U-SIG contains information about the 160 MHz bandwidth, and the second field of the first U-SIG contains information about the preamble puncturing applied to the first 80 MHz band (i.e., preamble Information about puncturing patterns) may be included.
- preamble Information about puncturing patterns may be included.
- the first field of the 2nd U-SIG contains information about the 160 MHz bandwidth
- the second field of the 2nd U-SIG contains information about the preamble puncturing applied to the second 80 MHz band (i.e., preamble puncturing Information about the cherring pattern)
- the EHT-SIG consecutive to the first U-SIG may include information about preamble puncturing applied to the second 80 MHz band (i.e., information about the preamble puncturing pattern)
- the EHT-SIG consecutive to the second U-SIG EHT-SIG may include information about preamble puncturing applied to the first 80 MHz band (i.e., information about preamble puncturing pattern).
- U-SIG and EHT-SIG may include information about preamble puncturing based on the method below.
- U-SIG may include information about preamble puncturing for all bands (i.e., information about preamble puncturing patterns). That is, EHT-SIG does not include information about preamble puncturing, and only U-SIG can include information about preamble puncturing (i.e., information about preamble puncturing patterns).
- U-SIG can be configured in 20 MHz units. For example, if an 80 MHz PPDU is configured, U-SIG may be duplicated. That is, the same four U-SIGs may be included within an 80 MHz PPDU. PPDUs exceeding 80 MHz bandwidth may contain different U-SIGs.
- EHT-SIG of FIG. 13 may include control information for the receiving STA.
- EHT-SIG may be transmitted through at least one symbol, and one symbol may have a length of 4us.
- Information about the number of symbols used for EHT-SIG may be included in U-SIG.
- EHT-SIG may include the technical features of HE-SIG-B described through FIGS. 11 and 12.
- EHT-SIG may include a common field and a user-specific field, similar to the example of FIG. 8.
- Common fields of EHT-SIG may be omitted, and the number of user-specific fields may be determined based on the number of users.
- EHT-SIG EHT-SIG
- user-specific field of EHT-SIG may be coded separately.
- One User block field contained in a user-specific field contains information for two user fields, but the last user block field contained in a user-specific field contains information for one or two users.
- each user field may be related to MU-MIMO allocation or may be related to non-MU-MIMO allocation.
- the common field of EHT-SIG may include a CRC bit and a Tail bit
- the length of the CRC bit may be determined to be 4 bits
- the length of the Tail bit may be determined to be 6 bits and set to 000000. You can.
- the common field of EHT-SIG may include RU allocation information.
- RU allocation information may mean information about the location of a RU to which multiple users (i.e., multiple receiving STAs) are allocated.
- RU allocation information may be configured in units of 8 bits (or N bits).
- a mode in which common fields of EHT-SIG are omitted may be supported.
- the mode in which the common fields of EHT-SIG are omitted may be called compressed mode.
- compressed mode multiple users of the EHT PPDU (i.e., multiple receiving STAs) can decode the PPDU (e.g., the data field of the PPDU) based on non-OFDMA. That is, multiple users of the EHT PPDU can decode a PPDU (eg, a data field of the PPDU) received through the same frequency band.
- a non-compressed mode is used, multiple users of the EHT PPDU can decode the PPDU (eg, the data field of the PPDU) based on OFDMA. That is, multiple users of the EHT PPDU may receive the PPDU (eg, the data field of the PPDU) through different frequency bands.
- EHT-SIG can be constructed based on various MCS techniques. As described above, information related to the MCS technique applied to EHT-SIG may be included in U-SIG. EHT-SIG can be configured based on DCM technique. For example, among the N data tones (e.g., 52 data tones) allocated for EHT-SIG, the first modulation technique is applied to the continuous half of the tones, and the second modulation technique is applied to the remaining half of the continuous tones. Techniques can be applied.
- N data tones e.g., 52 data tones
- the transmitting STA modulates specific control information into a first symbol based on the first modulation technique and assigns it to half of the continuous tones, modulates the same control information into a second symbol based on the second modulation technique, and assigns the remaining continuous tones.
- information for example, a 1-bit field
- the EHT-STF of FIG. 13 can be used to improve automatic gain control (AGC) estimation in a MIMO environment or OFDMA environment.
- the EHT-LTF of FIG. 13 can be used to estimate a channel in a MIMO environment or OFDMA environment.
- Information about the type of STF and/or LTF may be included in the U-SIG field and/or EHT-SIG field of FIG. 13, etc.
- the PPDU of FIG. 13 (i.e., EHT PPDU) may be configured based on an example of the RU arrangement of FIGS. 8 to 10.
- an EHT PPDU transmitted on a 20 MHz band may be configured based on the RU of FIG. 8. That is, the locations of the RUs of the EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, and data fields included in the EHT PPDU can be determined as shown in FIG. 8.
- the EHT PPDU transmitted on the 40 MHz band may be configured based on the RU of FIG. 9. That is, the locations of the RUs of the EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, and data fields included in the EHT PPDU can be determined as shown in FIG. 9.
- An EHT PPDU transmitted on the 80 MHz band may be configured based on the RU of FIG. 10. That is, the locations of the RUs of the EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, and data fields included in the EHT PPDU can be determined as shown in FIG. 10.
- the tone-plan for 80 MHz in FIG. 10 may correspond to two repetitions of the tone-plan for 40 MHz in FIG. 9.
- the tone-plan for 160/240/320 MHz may be configured by repeating the pattern of FIG. 9 or FIG. 10 several times.
- the PPDU in FIG. 13 can be identified as an EHT PPDU based on the following method.
- the receiving STA may determine the type of the received PPDU to be an EHT PPDU based on the following. For example, 1) the first symbol after the L-LTF signal of the received PPDU is BPSK, 2) the RL-SIG that repeats the L-SIG of the received PPDU is detected, and 3) the L-SIG of the received PPDU is detected. If the result of applying the modulo 3 operation to the value of the Length field of the SIG (i.e., the remainder after dividing by 3) is detected as 0, the received PPDU may be determined to be an EHT PPDU.
- the receiving STA may determine the type of the EHT PPDU based on bit information included in the symbols after the RL-SIG of FIG. 13. In other words, the receiving STA receives 1) the first symbol after the L-LTF signal, which is BSPK, 2) RL-SIG, which is consecutive to the L-SIG field and is equal to the L-SIG, and 3) the result of applying modulo 3 is 0. Based on the L-SIG including the set Length field, the received PPDU can be determined to be an EHT PPDU.
- the receiving STA may determine the type of the received PPDU to be HE PPDU based on the following. For example, 1) the first symbol after the L-LTF signal is BPSK, 2) RL-SIG with repeated L-SIG is detected, 3) the result of applying modulo 3 to the Length value of L-SIG is If 1 or 2 is detected, the received PPDU may be determined to be a HE PPDU.
- the receiving STA may determine the type of the received PPDU to be non-HT, HT, and VHT PPDU based on the following. For example, if 1) the first symbol after the L-LTF signal is BPSK, and 2) RL-SIG with repeated L-SIG is not detected, the received PPDU is judged to be a non-HT, HT, and VHT PPDU. You can. In addition, even if the receiving STA detects repetition of the RL-SIG, if the result of applying modulo 3 to the Length value of the L-SIG is detected as 0, the received PPDU may be determined to be a non-HT, HT, and VHT PPDU. there is.
- the PPDU of FIG. 13 can be used to transmit and receive various types of frames.
- the PPDU of FIG. 13 may be used for (simultaneous) transmission and reception of one or more of a control frame, management frame, or data frame.
- TWT target wake time
- TWT can improve the energy efficiency of non-AP STAs by defining the service period (SP) between AP and non-AP STAs and sharing information about SPs to reduce media contention. It is PS (Power Saving) technology.
- SP service period
- An STA that performs a request/suggest/demand, etc. in the TWT setup stage may be called a TWT requesting STA.
- the AP that responds, such as Accept/Reject, to the request may be called a TWT responding STA.
- the setup step may include the process of determining/defining the STA's TWT request to the AP, the type of TWT operation performed, and the type of frame to be transmitted and received. TWT operation can be divided into individual TWT and broadcast TWT.
- Figure 14 is a diagram for explaining an example of an individual TWT operation to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- the individual TWT is performed after the AP and the non-AP STA negotiate the wake/doze status of the non-AP STA through transmission and reception of a TWT Request/Response frame. It is a mechanism that performs data exchange.
- AP and STA1 may form a trigger-enabled TWT agreement through a TWT request frame and a TWT response frame.
- the method used by STA1 is a solicited TWT method, in which STA1 transmits a TWT request frame to the AP, and STA1 receives information for TWT operation from the AP through a TWT response frame.
- STA2 which performs the unsolicited TWT method, can receive information about trigger-enabled TWT agreement settings from the AP through an unsolicited TWT response. You can. Specifically, STA2 can calculate the next TWT by adding a specific number from the current TWT value.
- the AP may transmit a trigger frame to STAs.
- the trigger frame can inform STAs that the AP has buffered data.
- STA1 can inform the AP of its activated (awake) state by transmitting a PS-Poll frame.
- STA2 can notify the AP of its activated state by transmitting a QoS Null frame.
- the data frames transmitted by STA1 and STA2 may be frames in TB PPDU format.
- the AP that has confirmed the status of STA1 and STA2 can transmit DL MU PPDU to activated STAs.
- STA1 and STA2 can switch to the sleep (doze) state.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining an example of a broadcast TWT operation to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- a non-AP STA transmits and receives TWT request/response frames with an AP (or TWT scheduled STA) to obtain information about TBTT (target beacon transmission time) and listening interval.
- TWT method a negotiation operation for TBTT may be performed.
- the AP can define a frame that will contain TWT scheduling information through a beacon frame.
- STA1 performs a requested TWT operation
- STA2 performs an unrequested TWT operation.
- the AP can transmit the DL MU PPDU after checking the awaken status of the STAs through the trigger transmitted by the AP. This may be the same as the process for individual TWT.
- the trigger-enabled TWT SP including the beacon frame, may be repeated several times at regular intervals.
- Transmission of TWT information can be accomplished through a TWT information frame and a TWT information element.
- Figure 16 is a diagram for explaining an example of the TWT information element format.
- the TWT information frame is transmitted by the STA to request or deliver information about the TWT agreement, and is transmitted by one of the STAs in the existing TWT agreement.
- the action frame of the TWT Information frame includes a TWT information field.
- the TWT Information field is a 3-bit TWT flow identifier subfield, a 1-bit response requested subfield, a 1-bit next TWT request subfield, and a 2-bit next TWT. It may include a next TWT subfield size subfield, a 1-bit all TWT subfield, and a 0/32/48/64-bit next TWT subfield.
- the size of the TWT Information field is variable depending on the size of the next TWT field.
- the TWT flow identifier subfield contains the identifier of the TWT flow for which TWT information is requested or provided.
- the TWT flow identifier subfield can be reserved when the value of all TWT subfields is 1.
- the response requested subfield may indicate whether the STA transmitting a frame including the TWT information field requests that the TWT information frame be transmitted in response to the frame. If the response requested subfield is set to 0, the receiving STA can be requested not to transmit a TWT information frame in response to the frame. If the response requested subfield is set to 1, the receiving STA can be requested to transmit a TWT information frame in response to the frame.
- next TWT request subfield If the next TWT request subfield is set to 1, it can indicate that the TWT information frame is a request for delivery of a TWT information frame including a next TWT field with a length other than 0. Otherwise, the next TWT request subfield may be set to 0.
- next TWT subfield size subfield is 0, 1, 2, and 3 it may indicate that the sizes of the next TWT subfield are 0, 32, 48, and 64, respectively.
- the TWT information frame may indicate rescheduling all TWTs. Otherwise, all TWT subfields may be set to 0.
- the next TWT subfield may have a variable length depending on the value of next TWT subfield size.
- the value included in the next TWT subfield may have a value corresponding to the least significant portion of the timing synchronization function (TSF) in the next TWT for the TWT specified by the TWT flow identifier subfield.
- TSF timing synchronization function
- Figure 17 is a diagram for explaining an example of the TWT information element format.
- the TWT information element can be transmitted and received by being included in a beacon, probe response, (re)combined response frame, etc.
- the TWT information element may include an element ID field, a length field, a control field, and a TWT parameter information field.
- the control field of the TWT information element has the same format regardless of individual TWT and broadcast TWT.
- the NDP paging indication subfield may have a value of 1 if the NDP paging field exists, and may have a value of 0 if the NDP paging field does not exist.
- the responder PM mode subfield may indicate a power management (PM) mode.
- the negotiation type subfield may indicate whether the information included in the TWT element is about negotiation of parameters of broadcast TWT or individual TWT(s), or about wake TBTT interval. .
- the TWT subfield is for the future individual TWT SP start time, and the TWT element contains one individual TWT parameter set. This may correspond to individual TWT negotiation between the TWT requesting STA and the TWT responding STA, or may correspond to individual TWT announcement by the TWT responder.
- the TWT subfield is for the next TBTT time, and the TWT element contains one individual TWT parameter set. This may correspond to wake TBTT and wake interval negotiation between a TWT scheduled STA and a TWT scheduled AP.
- the TWT subfield is for the future broadcast TWT SP start time
- the TWT element includes one or more broadcast TWT parameter sets. This may correspond to providing a broadcast TWT schedule to the TWT scheduled STA by including a TWT element in the broadcast management frame transmitted by the TWT scheduling AP.
- the TWT subfield is for the future broadcast TWT SP start time
- the TWT element includes one or more broadcast TWT parameter sets. This may correspond to managing membership in the broadcast TWT schedule by including a TWT element in an individually addressed management frame transmitted by either a TWT-scheduled STA or a TWT-scheduled AP.
- TWT information frame disabled subfield If the TWT information frame disabled subfield is set to 1, it indicates that reception of the TWT information frame by the STA is disabled; otherwise, it may be set to 0.
- the wake duration unit subfield indicates the unit of the nominal minimum TWT wake duration field.
- the wake duration unit subfield may be set to 0 when the unit is 256us, and may be set to 1 when the unit is TU. If it is not a HE/EHT STA, the wake duration unit subfield may be set to 0.
- the most significant bit (MSB) of the negotiation type field may correspond to the broadcast field. If the broadcast field is 1, one or more broadcast TWT parameter sets may be included in the TWT element. If the broadcast field is 0, only one individual TWT parameter set can be included in the TWT element. A TWT element with the broadcast field set to 1 may be referred to as a broadcast TWT element.
- Figure 18 is a diagram for explaining examples of individual TWT parameter set field formats.
- Figure 19 is a diagram for explaining examples of the broadcast TWT parameter set field format.
- the TWT parameter information field included in the TWT element of FIG. 17 may have a different configuration depending on individual TWT or broadcast TWT.
- the TWT parameter information field within the TWT element includes a single individual TWT parameter set field.
- the TWT parameter information field in the TWT element includes one or more broadcast TWT parameter set fields.
- Each broadcast TWT parameter set may include specific information about one broadcast TWT.
- the individual TWT parameter set field and the broadcast TWT parameter set field include common subfields.
- the request type subfield has the same size in the individual TWT parameter set field and the broadcast TWT parameter set field, but the detailed configuration may be configured differently. This will be described later.
- the target wake time subfield indicates the start time of the individual/broadcast TWT SP scheduled in the future.
- the nominal maximum TWT wake duration subfield indicates the minimum unit that the TWT requesting STA is expected to wake up to complete the frame exchange associated with the TWT flow identifier during the TWT wake interval duration.
- the TWT wake interval may mean the average time between consecutive TWT SPs expected by the TWT requesting STA.
- the TWT Wake Interval Mantissa subfield is the binary value of the TWT wake interval value, which can be expressed in microseconds.
- the TWT group assignment subfield, TWT channel, and NDP paging subfield are included only in the individual TWT parameter set field.
- the TWT group allocation subfield includes information about the TWT group to which the STA is assigned and provides it to the TWT requesting STA. You can use the information to calculate the TWT value within the TWT group.
- the TWT value of the STA may be equal to the value of the zero offset and the value of the TWT unit multiplied by the value of the TWT offset.
- the TWT channel subfield represents a bitmap indicating allowed channels.
- the TWT channel subfield may include a bitmap indicating the channel that the STA requests to use as a temporary basic channel during the TWT SP.
- the TWT channel subfield may include a bitmap indicating the channel on which the TWT request is allowed.
- the NDP paging subfield is optional and may include the identifier of the STA being paged, information related to the maximum number of TWT wake intervals between NDP paging frames, etc.
- the broadcast TWT information (broadcast TWT info) subfield is included only in the broadcast TWT parameter set field.
- the broadcast TWT information subfield may include a 3-bit reservation bit, a 5-bit broadcast TWT identifier (ID) subfield, and an 8-bit broadcast TWT persistence subfield.
- the broadcast TWT identifier subfield indicates the broadcast ID of a specific broadcast TWT in which the STA requests participation or provides TWT parameters, depending on the value of the TWT setup command subfield of the TWT element.
- the broadcast TWT persistence subfield indicates the number of TBTTs planned on the schedule of the broadcast TWT.
- the TWT request subfield may indicate whether it is a requesting STA or a responding STA. If the value is 1, it may indicate that it is a TWT requesting STA or a scheduling STA, and if the value is 0, it may indicate that it is a TWT responding STA or a scheduling AP.
- the TWT setup command subfield may indicate commands such as Request, Suggest, Demand, Accept, Alternate, Dictate, Reject.
- the trigger subfield indicates whether to use a trigger frame in TWT SP. If the value is 1, the trigger can be used, and if the value is 0, the trigger can not be used.
- the implicit subfield may indicate whether it is an implicit TWT or an explicit TWT. If the value is 1, it can indicate implicit TWT, and if it is 0, it can indicate explicit TWT.
- the flow type subfield may indicate the interaction type between the TWT requesting STA (or TWT scheduling STA) and the TWT responding STA (or TWT scheduling AP). If the value is 1, the STA sends a wake-up signal to the AP by transmitting a PS-Poll or APSD (automatic power save delivery) trigger frame before a frame other than the trigger frame is transmitted from the AP to the STA. It may mean TWT. If the value is 0, it may mean an unannounced TWT.
- the TWT flow identifier subfield may contain a 3-bit value that uniquely identifies specific information for the TWT request in other requests made between the same TWT request STA and TWT response STA pair.
- the TWT wake interval exponent subfield can set the TWT wake interval value in binary microsecond units. In the case of individual TWT, this may mean the gap between individual TWT SPs.
- the TWT wake interval of the requesting STA can be defined as [TWT Wake Interval Mantissa * 2*TWT Wake Interval Exponent].
- the TWT protection subfield may indicate whether to use the TWT protection mechanism. If the value is 1, TXOP in the TWT SP may be initiated with a NAV protection mechanism such as (MU)RTS/CTS or CTS-to-self frame, and if the value is 0, the NAV protection mechanism may not be applied.
- a NAV protection mechanism such as (MU)RTS/CTS or CTS-to-self frame
- some of the subfields of the request type subfield of the broadcast TWT parameter set field are common with the subfields of the request type subfield of the individual TWT parameter set field, so description thereof is omitted. Subfields included only in the broadcast TWT parameter set are described below.
- the Last Broadcast Parameter Set subfield indicates whether it is the last broadcast TWT parameter set. If the value is 1, it indicates that it is the last broadcast TWT parameter set, and if the value is 0, it can indicate that the next broadcast TWT parameter set exists.
- the broadcast TWT recommendation subfield may indicate recommendations for the frame type transmitted by the AP during the broadcast TWT SP with a value of 1-7.
- the last 1 bit of the request type subfield of the broadcast TWT parameter set field may be reserved.
- Restricted TWT may correspond to one of various methods considered to support transmission and reception of latency-sensitive traffic in a wireless LAN system.
- R-TWT may correspond to a special broadcast TWT set by the AP for low-latency STAs (i.e., STAs that support transmission of latency-sensitive data). Through R-TWT, it is possible to support securing data transmission possibility for low-latency STAs preferentially compared to other STAs.
- the STA can establish membership in one or more R-TWT schedules for the AP.
- the R-TWT agreement can be established by the same process as the broadcast TWT agreement, and the broadcast TWT element for this can be defined to include the R-TWT parameter set field.
- the R-TWT parameter set may refer to a specific broadcast TWT parameter set field that is distinct from other broadcast TWT parameter set fields. That is, the R-TWT parameter set field may correspond to a special case of the broadcast TWT parameter set field.
- an R-TWT Traffic Info subfield may be added to the broadcast TWT parameter set field in FIG. 19 described above.
- the R-TWT traffic information field includes a Traffic Info Control subfield, an R-TWT DL TID Bitmap subfield, and an R-TWT UL TID bitmap subfield. May include a field (R-TWT UL TID Bitmap subfield).
- the R-TWT DL TID bitmap subfield and the R-TWT UL TID bitmap subfield are used in downlink/uplink by an R-TWT scheduling AP (R-TWT scheduling AP) or an R-TWT scheduling STA, respectively.
- R-TWT scheduling AP R-TWT scheduling AP
- R-TWT scheduling STA R-TWT scheduling STA
- TID(s) that are identified as latency sensitive traffic streams in the direction. For example, setting the kth bit position of the corresponding bitmap to 1 may indicate that the kth TID is classified as a latency-sensitive traffic stream. Conversely, setting the kth bit position of the corresponding bitmap to 0 may indicate that the kth TID is not classified as a latency-sensitive traffic stream.
- the AP and STA negotiate TIDs for LL (low latency) traffic to be transmitted to each other, i.e., traffic related to R-TWT. can be performed.
- R-TWT SP may also be referred to as RSP.
- Broadcast TWT's limited service period i.e., STAs (e.g., low-latency STAs) that support R-TWT SP operation, inform the AP that they must transmit latency-sensitive data based on R-TWT operation. You can inform. If the AP supports the R-TWT operation/mode, the AP can transmit a frame containing scheduling information of the TWTs requested by each STA to the low-latency STA and other STA(s).
- SP limited service period
- STAs e.g., low-latency STAs
- R-TWT SP operation inform the AP that they must transmit latency-sensitive data based on R-TWT operation. You can inform.
- the AP supports the R-TWT operation/mode, the AP can transmit a frame containing scheduling information of the TWTs requested by each STA to the low-latency STA and other STA(s).
- non-AP STAs To perform an operation for R-TWT, non-AP STAs must use a beacon frame, a probe response frame, a (re)assembly response frame, or another frame of an as-yet-undefined format (e.g., a broadcast response frame).
- R-TWT related information can be obtained from the AP through cast, advertising, and notice frames).
- a beacon frame is used as an example as a frame containing R-TWT-related information known in this way, R-TWT-related information may be announced through various management frames as described above.
- a separate TXOP i.e., access of other STAs within the R-TWT SP is performed using a NAV such as (MU) RTS/CTS or CTS-to-self, or a quiet interval.
- a limited TXOP can be secured.
- TXOP of an STA other than the STA with membership in the R-TWT schedule i.e., a non-member STA
- TXOP of other STAs i.e., non-member STAs
- Figure 20 illustrates a limited TWT operation to which this disclosure can be applied.
- STA 1 is an STA that recognizes/supports RSP and corresponds to an RSP STA
- STA 2 is an STA that does not recognize/support RSP and is a Non-RSP STA (or Regular STA). It may apply to
- the AP can announce R-TWT related information (e.g., RSP related information) using TWT information.
- RSPs can be allocated for STA(s) with low latency traffic.
- the STA may include an AP STA or a non-AP STA.
- AP and STA can establish membership to the specified RSP based on TWT-related parameters.
- the AP and STA may perform membership negotiation for the RSP through the exchange of TWT setup-related information (e.g., traffic information, SP assignment, etc.).
- TWT setup-related information e.g., traffic information, SP assignment, etc.
- the RSP announcement procedure by the AP is shown as being performed before the membership negotiation procedure, but the RSP announcement procedure may be performed after any R-TWT membership is set up according to the membership negotiation.
- STA 2 e.g., non-member STA
- STA 2 that does not support RSP must stop its TXOP if it exists before the RSP starts.
- ensuring priority for low-latency traffic transmission within the RSP may be very important.
- this disclosure proposes a method for setting/defining channel access rules to ensure priority for low-latency traffic transmission within RSP.
- the AP and STA may negotiate TIDs for low-latency traffic to be transmitted to each other. This may mean that traffic for the TID to be transmitted and received during RSP is regarded as low latency traffic.
- the TID may include an R-TWT DL TID related to DL traffic transmitted from the AP to the STA within the RSP and/or an R-TWT UL TID associated with UL traffic transmitted from the STA to the AP within the RSP.
- R-TWT TID the corresponding TID is referred to as R-TWT TID.
- transmitting a TID that does not correspond to the R-TWT TID allows the transmission of traffic that does not correspond to low latency traffic, so the role of the RSP may become ambiguous.
- the TID may be related to an access category (AC) in terms of channel access for frame transmission.
- AC access category
- Table 1 illustrates the mapping relationship between access category (AC) and user priority (UP).
- UP user priority
- AC access category
- the value of the TID related to priority can be interpreted as user priority (UP).
- TID values 0 to 7 can be interpreted as UP values 0 to 7. That is, the UP information/value in Table 1 can be regarded as the aforementioned TID information/value.
- performing back-off may mean performing an operation of decrementing a back-off counter.
- the STA that has established/has membership for that RSP may stop the operation of decrementing the back-off counter of the AC to which no R-TWT TID(s) are mapped. there is. That is, back-off operations for ACs not associated with the R-TWT TID may need to be stopped within the corresponding RSP.
- contention for the AC in question is performed, i.e. back-off is performed, but when the back-off counter becomes 0, data for the TID of the AC in question is not transmitted.
- a method that does not work may be considered. In this case, back-off can be resumed or data transmission can be deferred while maintaining the back-off counter.
- contention that is, back-off, can be performed for the corresponding AC.
- 21 illustrates channel access operation in a restricted TWT SP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- STA 1 is an STA that recognizes/supports RSP and may correspond to an RSP STA.
- AP and STA 1 can negotiate for R-TWT UL TID TID 4, TID 5, and TID 6 as low latency (LL) traffic within the assigned RSP.
- LL low latency
- both TID 4 and TID 5 related to AC_VI may correspond to R-TWT UL TID within RSP.
- TID 6 and TID 7 related to AC_VO only TID 6 may correspond to the R-TWT UL TID within RSP.
- STA 1 can perform a back-off operation for AC_VI among ACs.
- STA 1 can transmit data for TID 4 and TID 5 by including them in the frame.
- STA 1 may perform a back-off operation for AC_VO among ACs.
- STA 1 can transmit only data for TID 6 by including it in the frame. That is, TID 7 associated with AC_VO does not correspond to/is not included in the R-TWT UL TID, so even if data for TID 7 exists in the queue, it may not be transmitted (i.e., not included in the frame).
- STA 1 may not perform back-off operation for AC_BK and AC_BE that are not included/associated with any R-TWT UL TID.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram for explaining the operation of an STA supporting back-off operation within the R-TWT SP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 22 illustrates the operation of the STA based on the previously proposed methods (e.g., any one of the above-described embodiments 1, 2, and detailed embodiments thereof, or a combination of one or more (detailed) embodiments). .
- the STA may receive R-TWT SP related information from the AP.
- R-TWT SP related information may include information related to RSP allocation/scheduling.
- the R-TWT SP related information may be advertised/announced to the STA through a management frame such as a beacon frame.
- the STA may set at least one R-TWT traffic identifier (TID) for the R-TWT SP. Based on at least one R-TWT TID set in this way, the corresponding STA can transmit and receive data/traffic through frames within the RSP.
- TID R-TWT traffic identifier
- whether to perform a back-off operation for an access category (AC) in the R-TWT SP may be determined based on the mapping relationship between the at least one R-TWT TID and the AC.
- a back-off operation for the AC within the R-TWT SP may not be performed. That is, for an AC to which no R-TWT TID is mapped/included, the STA may not perform a back-off operation (i.e., an operation to decrease the back-off counter value).
- the at least one R-TWT TID may correspond to at least one TID for latency-related traffic in the uplink or downlink within the R-TWT SP.
- the AC is mapped to at least one user priority (UP), and each of the at least one UP can be interpreted as a TID.
- UP user priority
- the at least one R-TWT TID may be set through a membership setup procedure between the STA and the AP.
- the membership setup procedure may be performed using a TWT setup frame exchanged between the STA and the AP.
- the at least one R-TWT TID may be determined based on traffic information (Traffic Info) (eg, Traffic Info field) in the membership setup procedure.
- Traffic Info Traffic Info
- Traffic Info field traffic information
- any one of the at least one R-TWT TID is mapped to the AC
- a back-off operation for the AC may be performed within the R-TWT SP.
- frames transmitted and received within the R-TWT SP may include only data corresponding to the R-TWT TID mapped to the AC.
- the scope of the present disclosure is software or machine-executable instructions (e.g., operating system, application, firmware, program, etc.) that cause operations according to the methods of various embodiments to be executed on a device or computer, and such software or It includes non-transitory computer-readable medium in which instructions, etc. are stored and can be executed on a device or computer. Instructions that may be used to program a processing system to perform the features described in this disclosure may be stored on/in a storage medium or computer-readable storage medium and may be viewed using a computer program product including such storage medium. Features described in the disclosure may be implemented.
- Storage media may include, but are not limited to, high-speed random access memory such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM, or other random access solid state memory devices, one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or It may include non-volatile memory, such as other non-volatile solid state storage devices.
- Memory optionally includes one or more storage devices located remotely from the processor(s).
- the memory, or alternatively the non-volatile memory device(s) within the memory includes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium.
- Features described in this disclosure may be stored on any one of a machine-readable medium to control the hardware of a processing system and to enable the processing system to interact with other mechanisms utilizing results according to embodiments of the present disclosure. May be integrated into software and/or firmware.
- Such software or firmware may include, but is not limited to, application code, device drivers, operating systems, and execution environments/containers.
- the method proposed in this disclosure has been described focusing on examples applied to an IEEE 802.11-based system, but it can be applied to various wireless LAN or wireless communication systems in addition to the IEEE 802.11-based system.
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Abstract
Description
Priority | UP | AC |
Transmit queue
(dot11Alternate-EDCAActivated false or not present) |
Transmit queue
(dot11Alternate EDCAActivated true) |
Designation |
Lowest Highest |
1 | AC_BK | BK | BK | Background |
2 | AC_BK | BK | BK | Background | |
0 | AC_BE | BE | BE | Best Effort | |
3 | AC_BE | BE | BE | Best Effort | |
4 | AC_VI | VI | A_VI | Video (alternate) | |
5 | AC_VI | VI | VI | Video (alternate) | |
6 | AC_VO | VO | VO | Voice (alternate) | |
7 | AC_VO | VO | A_VO | Voice (alternate) |
Claims (13)
- 무선랜 시스템에서 스테이션(STA)에 의해 수행되는 방법에 있어서, 상기 방법은:제한된 타겟 웨이크 시간(restricted- target wake time, R-TWT) 서비스 기간(service period, SP)과 관련된 정보를 액세스 포인트(access point, AP)로부터 수신하는 단계; 및상기 R-TWT SP에 대한 적어도 하나의 R-TWT 트래픽 식별자(traffic identifier, TID)를 세팅하는 단계를 포함하되,상기 R-TWT SP 내에서 액세스 카테고리(access category, AC)에 대한 백-오프 동작의 수행 여부는 상기 적어도 하나의 R-TWT TID와 상기 AC 간의 매핑 관계에 기반하여 결정되는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 적어도 하나의 R-TWT TID가 상기 AC에 매핑되지 않음에 기반하여, 상기 R-TWT SP 내에서 상기 AC에 대한 백-오프 동작은 수행되지 않는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 적어도 하나의 R-TWT TID는 상기 R-TWT SP 내에서의 상향링크 또는 하향링크에서의 레이턴시 관련 트래픽을 위한 적어도 하나의 TID에 해당하는, 방법.
- 제3항에 있어서,상기 AC는 적어도 하나의 사용자 우선순위(user priority, UP)에 매핑되며,상기 적어도 하나의 UP 각각은 TID로서 해석되는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 적어도 하나의 R-TWT TID는 상기 STA와 상기 AP 간의 멤버쉽 셋업(membership setup) 절차를 통해 세팅되는, 방법.
- 제5항에 있어서,상기 멤버쉽 셋업 절차는 상기 STA와 상기 AP 간에 교환되는 TWT 셋업 프레임을 이용하여 수행되는, 방법.
- 제5항에 있어서,상기 적어도 하나의 R-TWT TID는 상기 멤버쉽 셋업 절차에서의 트래픽 정보(Traffic Info)에 기반하여 결정되는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 적어도 하나의 R-TWT TID 중에서 어느 하나라도 상기 AC에 매핑됨에 기반하여, 상기 R-TWT SP 내에서 상기 AC에 대한 백-오프 동작이 수행되는, 방법.
- 제8항에 있어서,상기 R-TWT SP 내에서 송수신되는 프레임에 상기 AC에 매핑된 R-TWT TID에 해당하는 데이터만 포함되는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 R-TWT SP와 관련된 정보는 비콘 프레임(beacon frame)에 의해 공지(announce)되는, 방법.
- 무선랜 시스템의 스테이션(STA) 장치에 있어서, 상기 STA 장치는:하나 이상의 송수신기; 및상기 하나 이상의 송수신기와 연결된 하나 이상의 프로세서를 포함하고,상기 하나 이상의 프로세서는:제한된 타겟 웨이크 시간(restricted- target wake time, R-TWT) 서비스 기간(service period, SP)과 관련된 정보를 액세스 포인트(access point, AP)로부터 수신하고;상기 R-TWT SP에 대한 멤버쉽 셋업(membership setup) 절차를 상기 AP와 수행하도록 설정하되,상기 R-TWT SP에 대한 적어도 하나의 R-TWT 트래픽 식별자(traffic identifier, TID)는 상기 멤버쉽 셋업 절차를 통해 세팅되며,상기 R-TWT SP 내에서 액세스 카테고리(access category, AC)에 대한 백-오프 동작의 수행 여부는 상기 적어도 하나의 R-TWT TID와 상기 AC 간의 매핑 관계에 기반하여 결정되는, STA 장치.
- 무선랜 시스템에서 스테이션(STA)을 제어하도록 설정되는 프로세싱 유닛에 있어서, 상기 프로세싱 유닛은:하나 이상의 프로세서; 및상기 하나 이상의 프로세서에 동작 가능하게 연결되고, 상기 하나 이상의 프로세서에 의해 실행됨에 기반하여, 제1항 내지 제9항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 방법을 수행하기 위한 명령들을 저장하는 하나 이상의 컴퓨터 메모리를 포함하는, 프로세싱 유닛.
- 하나 이상의 명령을 저장하는 하나 이상의 비-일시적(non-transitory) 컴퓨터 판독가능 매체로서,상기 하나 이상의 명령은 하나 이상의 프로세서에 의해서 실행되어, 무선랜 시스템에서 스테이션(STA) 장치가 제1항 내지 제9항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 방법을 수행하도록 제어하는, 컴퓨터 판독가능 매체.
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US (1) | US20240324015A1 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR20240093559A (ko) |
CN (1) | CN118749215A (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2023191501A1 (ko) |
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US12108340B2 (en) | 2021-08-11 | 2024-10-01 | Wilus Institute Of Standards And Technology Inc. | Wireless communication method using multilink and wireless communication terminal using same |
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US12108340B2 (en) | 2021-08-11 | 2024-10-01 | Wilus Institute Of Standards And Technology Inc. | Wireless communication method using multilink and wireless communication terminal using same |
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US20240324015A1 (en) | 2024-09-26 |
KR20240093559A (ko) | 2024-06-24 |
CN118749215A (zh) | 2024-10-08 |
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