WO2023182107A1 - Machine tool - Google Patents
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- WO2023182107A1 WO2023182107A1 PCT/JP2023/010131 JP2023010131W WO2023182107A1 WO 2023182107 A1 WO2023182107 A1 WO 2023182107A1 JP 2023010131 W JP2023010131 W JP 2023010131W WO 2023182107 A1 WO2023182107 A1 WO 2023182107A1
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- frequency
- workpiece
- machine tool
- tool
- spindle
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013523 data management Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/4093—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by part programming, e.g. entry of geometrical information as taken from a technical drawing, combining this with machining and material information to obtain control information, named part programme, for the NC machine
Definitions
- the present invention relates to machine tools.
- the drill is moved back axially to eject the chips from the hole being drilled, then the drill is moved forward again axially, and this process is repeated until the desired depth is reached.
- a step-feed processing method for drilling holes has been conventionally known.
- the drill unit since the drill unit is moved backward, it takes time for the reciprocating operation, and as a result, the machining time becomes longer.
- the tip of the drill separates from the workpiece, so when the tip of the drill comes into contact with the workpiece again in a manner that causes an impact, the cutting edge may be chipped or noise may be generated due to the contact. There is a problem.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a hole machining method in which a rotary tool such as a drill, a boring cutter, or a counterbore cutter and a workpiece are moved relative to each other to form a hole in the workpiece, in which the feed rate in the central axis direction of the rotary tool, That is, a hole machining method is disclosed in which a hole is machined in a workpiece by changing the relative movement speed between the rotary tool and the workpiece so as to repeatedly increase and decrease the speed within a range in which the rotary tool does not retreat in the direction of its central axis.
- the present invention provides a machine tool that can automatically set a frequency at which a chip breaking effect can be obtained when machining is performed by periodically varying the relative speed between a tool and a workpiece.
- the purpose is to provide.
- a machine tool for drilling a hole by relatively moving a rotary tool and a workpiece the main shaft rotating the attached rotary tool, a table to which the workpiece is attached, and the main shaft and the table.
- a control device that sets a swing frequency different from a value obtained by multiplying the rotational frequency of the spindle and the number of teeth of the rotary tool, and operates a feed shaft section at the swing frequency.
- a machine tool that performs turning by moving a tool and a rotating workpiece relative to each other along a feeding direction, the tool stand on which the tool is attached, and the attached workpiece.
- the workpiece is turned by varying the relative movement speed between the rotating workpiece spindle, the feed shaft that moves the tool stand and the workpiece spindle relative to each other along the feed direction, and the tool stand and the workpiece spindle at a set oscillation frequency.
- a control device that sets a swing frequency different from the rotation frequency of the workpiece spindle and operates a feed shaft section at the swing frequency when a command for swing turning processing is received. Machinery provided.
- the control device operates the feed shaft portion at a swing frequency different from a value obtained by multiplying the rotation frequency of the spindle by the number of teeth of the rotary tool, thereby controlling the spindle and the table.
- the workpiece can be machined by varying the relative movement speed with the set oscillation frequency.
- the locus of the rotary tool fluctuates, and the thickness of chips produced by machining fluctuates. For this reason, the thinned portion becomes brittle, and the chips are divided from this point as a starting point.
- the oscillation frequency is set by the control device, there is no need for the operator to calculate and set it according to a wide variety of processing conditions, and an increase in the number of work steps can be suppressed.
- the control device operates the feed shaft section at a swing frequency different from the rotational frequency of the workpiece spindle, thereby increasing the relative movement speed between the tool stand and the workpiece spindle. It is possible to turn a workpiece by varying it at a set oscillation frequency. In such oscillating turning, the locus of the tool changes, and the thickness of chips produced by oscillating turning changes. For this reason, the thinned portion becomes brittle, and the chips are divided from this point as a starting point. Further, since the oscillation frequency is set by the control device, there is no need for the operator to calculate and set it according to a wide variety of processing conditions, and an increase in the number of work steps can be suppressed.
- FIG. 1 shows a side view of a hole machining machine tool according to a first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of a database provided in the control device according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 3 shows the locus of the cutting edge operated at the fundamental frequency according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 4 shows the locus of the cutting edge when the swing frequency matches the product of the rotational frequency of the spindle and the number of cutting edges of the rotary tool.
- FIG. 5 shows the locus of the cutting edge operated at the thinnest part forming frequency according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 6 shows the locus of the cutting edge operating at the short piece forming frequency according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 7 shows a flowchart from data input to start of hole machining using the machine tool according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 8 shows a block diagram when a control device according to a modification of the present embodiment is connected to a machine tool via a network.
- FIG. 9 shows a side view of a turning machine tool according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a machine tool according to the first embodiment.
- the machine tool 100 constitutes a vertical machining center, and includes a bed 102 as a base fixed to the floor of a factory. Further, the upper surface of the bed 102 can be moved in the left-right direction, that is, on the left side in the Y-axis direction (the left side in FIG. 1), in the front-back direction, that is, in the X-axis direction (perpendicular to the plane of the paper in FIG. 1) or in the Y-axis direction.
- a table 106 is arranged on which a workpiece W as a workpiece is fixed, and a column 104 is fixed and erected on the upper surface of the bed 102 on the right side of the bed 102 in the Y-axis direction (right side in FIG. 1). . Further, on the front side of the column 104, that is, on the left side in the Y-axis direction, there is an X-axis slider 108 that is configured to be movable along the The spindle head 110 is attached to be movable along the spindle and rotatably supports the spindle 112.
- the column 104 includes an X-axis feed device as a feed shaft portion for reciprocating the X-axis slider 108 along a pair of X-axis guide rails (not shown) extending in the X-axis direction on the front surface of the column 104.
- 114 are arranged.
- the X-axis feed device 114 includes a ball screw that extends in the X-axis direction and engages with a nut attached to the X-axis slider 108, and an X-axis servo motor connected to one end of the ball screw. (also not shown).
- the X-axis slider 108 is configured to be able to reciprocate along the X-axis direction on the front surface of the column 104.
- the bed 102 includes a Y-axis feed device 116 as a feed shaft portion for reciprocating the table 106 along a pair of Y-axis guide rails (not shown) extending in the Y-axis direction on the upper surface of the bed 102. It is located.
- the Y-axis feed device 116 includes a ball screw that extends in the Y-axis direction and engages with a nut attached to the table 106, and a Y-axis servo motor connected to one end of the ball screw (both are not shown). omission).
- the table 106 is configured to be able to reciprocate along the Y-axis direction on the upper surface of the bed 102.
- the spindle head 110 supports a spindle 112 rotatably around a central axis O extending along the Z-axis direction.
- a rotary tool T1 is attached to the tip of the main shaft 112 facing the table 106.
- a drill with two blades is installed as the rotary tool T1.
- a servo motor (not shown) for rotationally driving the main shaft 112 is attached to the outer side of the casing of the main spindle head 110.
- the servo motor will be described as being attached to the outside of the spindle head 110, but the servo motor is not limited to this.
- rotary tool T1 is described here as a drill, the rotary tool is not limited to this, and other tools such as a boring cutter, a counterbore cutter, a reamer, and a boring tool may be used as the rotary tool.
- the column 104 includes a Z-axis feeding device as a feed shaft portion for reciprocating the spindle head 110 along a pair of Z-axis guide rails (not shown) extending in the Z-axis direction on the front side of the column 104. 118 are arranged.
- the Z-axis feed device 118 includes a ball screw that extends in the Z-axis direction and engages with a nut attached to the spindle head 110, and a Z-axis servo motor connected to one end of the ball screw. (not shown).
- the spindle head 110 is configured to be able to reciprocate along the Z-axis direction on the front side of the column 104.
- the X-axis feed device 114, the Y-axis feed device 116, and the Z-axis feed device 118 are connected to the control device 10 for controlling the machine tool 100.
- the control device 10 controls the reciprocation of the spindle head 110 and the table 106 by controlling the power (current value) supplied to the X-axis feed device 114, the Y-axis feed device 116, and the Z-axis feed device 118, As a result, the relative movement speed between the main shaft 112 and the table 106 is controlled.
- the control device 10 reads and interprets a machining program (NC program) stored in, for example, a CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) system (not shown), and outputs an operation command.
- NC program is automatically generated based on machining model information and machining conditions input into the CAM system.
- the control device 10 has a storage for storing various data related to machining such as machining conditions and tools for oscillating hole machining in which a hole is machined while oscillating.
- a database DB has been constructed.
- the control device 10 refers to a database DB as shown in FIG. 2 to determine the swing frequency fv, which will be described below, based on the conditions regarding swing hole machining inputted from the input unit 10a such as a touch panel, for example. Calculate and output reciprocating motion command.
- the conditions for reciprocating operation include the material of the work W, the diameter and depth of the hole to be machined, the feed rate of the tool, the rotation speed of the rotary tool T1 (spindle 112), the number of teeth, and the type of tool such as a drill or counterbore tool. etc. are included.
- the control device 10 is configured to cumulatively store past reciprocating operation conditions in a database DB.
- the control device 10 has a tool data management section 10c.
- the control device 10 sets the number of blades by referring to the number of blades in the tool data management section 10c. Further, if there is no data on the number of blades in the tool data management unit 10c, the number of blades is set to two, for example, since a drill is generally configured with two blades. The number of blades set in this way is used as an input for calculating the swing frequency fv.
- the tool data management section may be configured to be linked to a database.
- the control device 10 further includes a controller for driving the X-axis feed device 114, Y-axis feed device 116, and Z-axis feed device 118 of the machine tool 100 based on the output X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis position commands.
- a current value is output and sent to a drive device such as a servo motor installed in these devices.
- the current value output to the X-axis feed device 114, Y-axis feed device 116, and Z-axis feed device 118 is adjusted to a predetermined swing amplitude AM and a swing value in order to swing these devices. It is output as a periodically fluctuating current value determined by the frequency.
- Displacement Zk in the central axis direction of the main shaft 112 of the cutting edge of the rotary tool T1 operated at the swing frequency, here the Z-axis direction, is expressed as a function of the tool rotation angle (tool phase) ⁇ as follows. Further, the displacement Zk is positive in the direction in which the rotary tool T1 and the workpiece W approach.
- k is the number of rotations of the rotary tool T1
- Fz is the feed per tooth
- fd is the rotation frequency of the rotary tool T1
- n is the number of teeth of the rotary tool T1
- fv is the swing frequency
- AM is the swing amplitude
- ⁇ represents pi.
- Zk( ⁇ ) is the relative displacement in the Z-axis direction between the outer periphery of the cutting edge of the rotary tool T1 and the work W when vibration with the swing amplitude AM and the swing frequency fv is applied in the Z-axis direction.
- the displacement in the first term and the displacement in the second term of equation (1) respectively represent a fluctuating portion and a steady portion due to shaft feeding.
- fundamental frequency fb fundamental frequency for producing a difference in chip thickness
- FIG. 3 shows the trajectories of the cutting edges of the first blade A and the second blade B in swing hole machining in which a rotary tool T1 with two blades is swung along the Z-axis direction at a fundamental frequency fb.
- the vertical axis in the figure represents the displacement Zk in the Z-axis direction
- the horizontal axis represents the tool phase ⁇ .
- "-1", "-2" and “-3” in the legend in the figure represent the first to third rotations of the rotary tool T1, respectively. Therefore, for example, "A-1" means the trajectory of the first blade A in its first rotation.
- the difference in the displacement Zk of the first blade A and the second blade B in the Z-axis direction at the same tool phase ⁇ means the thickness TH of chips cut from the workpiece W by hole drilling. Since there is a phase by ⁇ , the difference in displacement Zk in the Z-axis direction between the first blade A and the second blade B fluctuates as shown in FIG. A thin portion TH-MIN is generated. In this way, each rotation of the rotary tool T1 generates one portion TH-MIN where the chips are the thinnest, so the chips are more likely to be broken up.
- FIG. Shows the trajectory of the cutting edge when swinging. Since there is no phase difference between the first blade A and the second blade B, the thickness TH of the chips is always constant, and the chips are not easily divided. Therefore, it is understood that the swing frequency fv needs to be set to a frequency different from the frequency found by multiplying the rotation frequency fd of the rotary tool T1 and the number n of blades of the rotary tool.
- the control device 10 can calculate the thinnest part forming frequency fm instead of the fundamental frequency fb and set it as the oscillation frequency fv. can.
- the thinnest part forming frequency fm is calculated by multiplying the fundamental frequency fb by a first coefficient smaller than 1.
- the first coefficient may be set in advance in the NC program, or may be set with reference to the database DB.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of the trajectory of the cutting edges of the first blade A and the second blade B when the rotary tool T1 having two blades is oscillated along the Z-axis direction at the thinnest part forming frequency fm. shows.
- the thinnest part forming frequency fm is set to about half the fundamental frequency fb, with the first coefficient being about 0.5.
- the vertical axis, horizontal axis, and legend in the figure are the same as in FIG. 3.
- the thinnest portion TH-MIN of the chip thickness TH can be made thinner.
- the length of the chips becomes longer than in the case of swinging at the fundamental frequency fb.
- the control device 10 can calculate the short piece forming frequency fs instead of the fundamental frequency fb and set it as the oscillation frequency fv.
- the short piece forming frequency fs is calculated by multiplying the fundamental frequency fb by a second coefficient that is larger than 1 and is a non-even number.
- the second coefficient may be set in advance in the NC program, or may be set with reference to the database DB.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of the trajectory of the cutting edges of the first blade A and the second blade B when the rotary tool T1 having two blades is oscillated along the Z-axis direction at the short piece forming frequency fs. .
- the short piece forming frequency fs is set to about three times the fundamental frequency fb, with the second coefficient being about 3.0.
- the vertical axis, horizontal axis, and legend in the figure are the same as in FIGS. 3 and 5.
- the length of chips can be shortened compared to the case of swinging at the fundamental frequency fb.
- the thinnest portion TH-MIN of the chips becomes thicker than when the chips are oscillated at the fundamental frequency fb.
- the control device 10 is configured to set this upper limit swing frequency as the swing frequency fv.
- the control device 10 sets the upper limit swing frequency. Configurable. When oscillating at the upper limit oscillation frequency, the length of the chips will be longer than when machining at the calculated oscillation frequency fv, but there will be parts where the chips become thinner at regular intervals. , chips can be separated.
- the control device 10 controls, for each machine tool 100, a fundamental frequency fb, a first coefficient related to the thinnest part forming frequency fm, a second coefficient related to the short piece forming frequency fs, a basic mode corresponding to the fundamental frequency fb, and a first coefficient. It has a mode storage section 10b that stores the thinnest part forming mode corresponding to the coefficient and the short piece forming mode corresponding to the second coefficient. The operator can select a mode according to the machining, and the control device 10 can select or calculate the swing frequency fv corresponding to the selected mode, and control the swing hole machining based on this. can.
- the operator can machine the swing hole at the swing frequency fv according to the mode without individually setting the basic frequency fb, the first coefficient, and the second coefficient, reducing the number of work steps.
- the mode to be selected depending on the processing may be selected from the three modes described above, or an interface may be provided that allows selection from more modes including an intermediate mode between each mode.
- the mode selection may be performed each time using the NC program, or may be predetermined using machine parameters.
- the control device 10 is configured to automatically change the second coefficient related to the short piece forming frequency fs to an odd number when it is set to an even number. Thereby, even if the operator mistakenly sets the second coefficient, it is possible to obtain the effect of appropriately dividing chips.
- the swing hole machining is performed by operating the machine tool 100 by executing a program stored in the control device 10.
- the control device 10 calls the swing hole machining program in the machining program, and obtains information on the rotational frequency fd and the number of blades n from arguments and the state of the device. Specifically, for example, G81X_Y_Z_R_F_S_E_H_ is written in the machining program.
- G81 is the G code used in the NC (numerical control unit) machining program
- X is the X coordinate of the center of the hole
- Y is the Y coordinate of the center of the hole
- Z is the distance from the R point to the bottom of the hole in the Z coordinate
- R is the position at which rapid traverse positioning shifts to cutting feed in the Z coordinate
- S is the rotation speed of the spindle 112
- E is the number of teeth n of the rotary tool T1
- H is the frequency when changing the thinness and length of chips. Indicates the coefficient for increasing or decreasing. Since the rotation speed of the main shaft 112 indicated by S indicates the number of rotations of the main shaft per minute, the rotation frequency fd can be obtained by dividing this by 60.
- step S20 one of the fundamental frequency fb, the thinnest part forming frequency fm, or the short piece forming frequency fs is determined from the acquired information on the rotational frequency fd, the number of blades n, the first coefficient, or the second coefficient. Calculate the dynamic frequency fv.
- step S30 it is determined whether the calculated swing frequency fv exceeds the upper limit swing frequency at which the X-axis feed device 114, Y-axis feed device 116, and Z-axis feed device 118 can be swung. Determine whether If the swing frequency fv does not exceed the upper limit swing frequency, the process moves to step S40, and swing hole machining is started at the calculated swing frequency fv. On the other hand, if the swing frequency fv exceeds the upper limit swing frequency, the upper limit swing frequency is set to the swing frequency fv in step S50, and swing hole machining is started.
- the hole is machined by moving the spindle in the Z direction, so the determination can be made using the upper limit swing frequency set based on the characteristics of the Z-axis feeder 118.
- the determination can be made using the upper limit swing frequency set based on the characteristics of the X-axis feed device 114 and the Y-axis feed device 116.
- the control device 10 controls the Z-axis feed at a swing frequency fv (basic frequency fb) that is different from a value obtained by multiplying the rotational frequency fd of the spindle 112 by the number n of teeth of the rotary tool T1.
- a swing frequency fv basic frequency fb
- the relative movement speed between the main shaft 112 and the workpiece W can be varied at the fundamental frequency fb to perform swing hole machining.
- the locus of the rotary tool T1 fluctuates, and the thickness TH of chips produced by machining fluctuates. Therefore, the thinned portion TH-MIN becomes brittle, and the chips are divided from this as a starting point.
- the fundamental frequency fb is set by the control device 10, there is no need for the operator to calculate and set it according to a wide variety of processing conditions, and an increase in the number of work steps can be suppressed.
- the relative movement speed between the main spindle 112 and the workpiece W can be varied within a range where the main spindle 112 or the table 106 are not separated along the Z-axis direction. Therefore, the rotary tool T1 does not retreat in the Z-axis direction, and the tip of the rotary tool T1 always remains in contact with the work W and does not separate from the work W. Therefore, it is possible to suppress or prevent the cutting edge of the rotary tool T1 from chipping and the generation of noise that may occur when the rotary tool T1 collides with or separates from the workpiece W.
- the control device 10 multiplies the fundamental frequency fb by a first coefficient smaller than 1 when it is desired to make the thinnest portion TH-MIN of chips thinner.
- the thinnest part formation frequency fm can be calculated and set using the following steps. As a result, the thinnest portion TH-MIN of the chip thickness TH can be made thinner than in the case of swinging at the fundamental frequency fb.
- the control device 10 sets the fundamental frequency fb to a second frequency higher than 1 and a non-even number.
- the short piece formation frequency fs can be calculated and set by multiplying by the coefficient. This makes it possible to shorten the length of chips compared to the case of swinging at the fundamental frequency fb.
- the control device 10 controls the The upper limit swing frequency can be set as the swing frequency fv.
- the length of the chips becomes longer than when machining is performed at the calculated oscillation frequency fv, parts where the chips become thinner occur at regular intervals, so the chips can be divided.
- the control device 10 includes a mode storage section 10b and a database DB.
- the operator can select a mode according to the machining, and the control device 10 can calculate the swing frequency fv from the coefficient corresponding to the selected mode, and control the swing hole machining based on this. can.
- the operator can machine the swing hole at the swing frequency fv according to the mode without individually setting the basic frequency fb, the first coefficient, and the second coefficient, reducing the number of work steps. be able to.
- the oscillation frequency fv at which the chip breaking effect can be obtained is automatically set. Can be set to .
- the control device 10 is connected to the machine tool 100 via the network NW. Therefore, the control device 10 can swing the X-axis feed device 114, the Y-axis feed device 116, and the Z-axis feed device 118 of the machine tool 100 via the network NW. Thereby, a plurality of machine tools 100 can be centrally controlled.
- the rotary tool T1 is oscillated along the Z-axis direction at the fundamental frequency fb, but the present invention is not limited to this. It is also possible to perform rocking processing by moving it.
- the machine tool 200 is a machine tool 200 that performs turning by relatively moving a tool T2 and a rotating workpiece W along the feeding direction, and includes a tool stand 212 on which the tool T2 is attached, A workpiece main shaft 206 that rotates the attached workpiece W is provided.
- the machine tool 200 also includes an X-axis feeder 114 and a Y-axis, which serve as feed shaft sections that relatively move the tool stand 212 and the workpiece spindle 206 along the X-axis direction, Y-axis direction, and Z-axis direction, which are the feeding directions.
- a feeding device 116 and a Z-axis feeding device 118 (hereinafter referred to as devices 114, 116, and 118) are provided.
- the machine tool 200 receives a command for oscillating turning in which the workpiece W is turned by varying the relative movement speed between the tool rest 212 and the workpiece spindle 206 at a set oscillation frequency fv
- the machine tool 200 A control device 20 is provided that sets a swing frequency fv different from the rotation frequency fd of 206 and operates the devices 114, 116, and 118 at the swing frequency fv.
- the control device 20 operates the tool stand 212 and the workpiece spindle by operating the devices 114, 116, and 118 at a swing frequency fv different from the rotation frequency fd of the workpiece spindle 206.
- the workpiece W can be turned by varying the relative movement speed with the set swing frequency fv.
- the locus of the tool T2 changes, and the thickness TH of chips produced by the oscillating turning process changes. Therefore, the thinned portion TH-MIN becomes brittle, and the chips are divided from this as a starting point.
- the swing frequency fv is set by the control device 20, there is no need for the operator to calculate and set it according to a wide variety of processing conditions, and an increase in the number of work steps can be suppressed.
- Control device 20 Control device 100 Machine tool 106 Table 112 Main spindle 114 X-axis feed device (feed shaft part) 116 Y-axis feed device (feed shaft part) 118 Z-axis feed device (feed shaft part) 200 Machine tool 206 Work spindle 212 Tool stand DB Database fv Oscillation frequency fb Fundamental frequency fm Thinnest part forming frequency fs Short piece forming frequency T1 Rotary tool T2 Tool
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Abstract
A machine tool (100) for moving a rotating tool (T1) and a workpiece (W) relative to one another and carrying out hole processing, the machine tool (100) comprising: a main shaft (112) for causing the attached rotating tool (T1) to rotate; a table (106) to which the workpiece (W) is attached; a Z-axis feeding device (118) for moving the main shaft (112) and the table (106) relative to one another along a center-axis direction of the main shaft (112); and a control device (10) that, upon having received a shaking-hole-processing command to vary the relative movement speeds of the main shaft (112) and the table (106) at a shaking frequency and carry out hole processing in the workpiece (W), sets a shaking frequency different from a value obtained by multiplying the rotation frequency of the main shaft (112) and the number of edges of the rotating tool (T1), and operates the Z-axis feeding device (118) at the shaking frequency.
Description
本発明は、工作機械に関する。
The present invention relates to machine tools.
ドリル加工や中ぐり加工のような穴加工や旋削加工に際して発生する連続的な切りくずによって、工具が損傷したり、切りくずによって加工面が損傷したり、加工機から切りくずを排出する切りくず処理装置に切りくずが詰まる等の障害が生じることが従来から問題となっている。
Continuous chips generated during hole machining and turning operations such as drilling and boring machining can damage the tool, damage the machined surface, and eject chips from the processing machine. Conventionally, problems such as clogging of chips in processing equipment have been a problem.
この問題を解決するために、穴加工中にドリルを軸方向に後退させて切りくずを加工中の穴から排出し、その後再びドリルを軸方向に前進させ、これを繰り返して、所望の深さまで穴を穿設するステップフィード加工法が従来から知られている。しかしながら、この加工法では、ドリルユニットを後退させるため、往復動作に時間を要し、この結果、加工時間が長くなる。また、ドリルユニットの往復動作に際して、ドリル先端がワークから離隔してしまうため、再びドリルの先端がワークに衝撃を生じるような接触をしたときに、刃先が欠けたり、接触に伴う騒音が生じたりする問題がある。また、往復動作の為に移動距離が増えるため、送り軸装置の寿命に悪影響がある。そこで、特許文献1には、ドリル、中ぐりカッタ又は座ぐりカッタの回転工具とワークとを相対移動させ、ワークに穴を加工する穴加工方法において、回転工具の中心軸線方向への送り速度、すなわち回転工具とワークとの相対移動速度を、回転工具がその中心軸線方向に後退しない範囲で増減を繰り返すように変化させてワークに穴を加工するようにした穴加工方法が開示されている。
To solve this problem, during drilling, the drill is moved back axially to eject the chips from the hole being drilled, then the drill is moved forward again axially, and this process is repeated until the desired depth is reached. A step-feed processing method for drilling holes has been conventionally known. However, in this machining method, since the drill unit is moved backward, it takes time for the reciprocating operation, and as a result, the machining time becomes longer. In addition, when the drill unit moves back and forth, the tip of the drill separates from the workpiece, so when the tip of the drill comes into contact with the workpiece again in a manner that causes an impact, the cutting edge may be chipped or noise may be generated due to the contact. There is a problem. Furthermore, since the moving distance increases due to the reciprocating motion, the life of the feed shaft device is adversely affected. Therefore, Patent Document 1 discloses a hole machining method in which a rotary tool such as a drill, a boring cutter, or a counterbore cutter and a workpiece are moved relative to each other to form a hole in the workpiece, in which the feed rate in the central axis direction of the rotary tool, That is, a hole machining method is disclosed in which a hole is machined in a workpiece by changing the relative movement speed between the rotary tool and the workpiece so as to repeatedly increase and decrease the speed within a range in which the rotary tool does not retreat in the direction of its central axis.
特許文献1に記載の方法では、送り速度を周期的に増減させて加工する場合には、切りくずの分断効果が得られる最適な揺動周波数があり、この揺動周波数は加工条件によって決まることが示されている。しかしながら、このような送り速度を揺動周波数で増減させる加工では、オペレータが経験に基づいて多岐にわたる加工条件に応じた揺動周波数を計算した上で設定しているため、作業工数が増加する場合がある。
In the method described in Patent Document 1, when machining is performed by periodically increasing and decreasing the feed rate, there is an optimal oscillation frequency that achieves the chip breaking effect, and this oscillation frequency is determined by the machining conditions. It is shown. However, in machining where the feed rate is increased or decreased by the oscillation frequency, the operator calculates and sets the oscillation frequency according to a wide variety of machining conditions based on experience, which may increase the number of man-hours. There is.
本発明は、上記事情を鑑み、工具と被加工物との相対速度を周期的に変動して加工する場合において、切りくずの分断効果が得られる周波数を自動的に設定することができる工作機械の提供を目的とする。
In view of the above circumstances, the present invention provides a machine tool that can automatically set a frequency at which a chip breaking effect can be obtained when machining is performed by periodically varying the relative speed between a tool and a workpiece. The purpose is to provide.
本発明の一の態様によれば、回転工具とワークとを相対移動させて穴加工する工作機械であって、取付けられた回転工具を回転させる主軸と、ワークが取付けられるテーブルと、主軸とテーブルとを主軸の中心軸線方向に沿って相対移動させる送り軸部と、主軸とテーブルとの相対移動速度を揺動周波数で変動させてワークを穴加工する揺動穴加工の指令を受信した場合に、主軸の回転周波数と回転工具の刃数を乗算した値とは異なる揺動周波数を設定し、揺動周波数で送り軸部を作動させる制御装置と、を備えることを特徴とする工作機械が提供される。
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a machine tool for drilling a hole by relatively moving a rotary tool and a workpiece, the main shaft rotating the attached rotary tool, a table to which the workpiece is attached, and the main shaft and the table. When receiving a command for oscillating hole machining, which involves machining a hole in a workpiece by varying the relative movement speed between the main axis and the table at the oscillation frequency, , a control device that sets a swing frequency different from a value obtained by multiplying the rotational frequency of the spindle and the number of teeth of the rotary tool, and operates a feed shaft section at the swing frequency. be done.
また、本発明の一の態様によれば、工具と回転するワークとを送り方向に沿って相対移動させて旋削加工する工作機械であって、工具が取付けられる工具台と、取付けられたワークを回転させるワーク主軸と、工具台とワーク主軸とを送り方向に沿って相対移動させる送り軸部と、工具台とワーク主軸との相対移動速度を設定した揺動周波数で変動させてワークを旋削加工する揺動旋削加工の指令を受信した場合に、ワーク主軸の回転周波数とは異なる揺動周波数を設定し、揺動周波数で送り軸部を作動させる制御装置と、を備えることを特徴とする工作機械が提供される。
Further, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a machine tool that performs turning by moving a tool and a rotating workpiece relative to each other along a feeding direction, the tool stand on which the tool is attached, and the attached workpiece. The workpiece is turned by varying the relative movement speed between the rotating workpiece spindle, the feed shaft that moves the tool stand and the workpiece spindle relative to each other along the feed direction, and the tool stand and the workpiece spindle at a set oscillation frequency. a control device that sets a swing frequency different from the rotation frequency of the workpiece spindle and operates a feed shaft section at the swing frequency when a command for swing turning processing is received. Machinery provided.
本発明の一の態様に係る工作機械によると、制御装置は、主軸の回転周波数と回転工具の刃数を乗算した値とは異なる揺動周波数で送り軸部を作動させることによって、主軸とテーブルとの相対移動速度を設定した揺動周波数で変動させてワークを加工することができる。このような揺動穴加工では、回転工具の軌跡が変動し、加工によって生じる切りくずの厚さが変動する。このため、薄くなった部分が脆弱となり、これを起点に切りくずが分断される。また、揺動周波数は制御装置によって設定されるため、オペレータが多岐にわたる加工条件に応じて計算した上で設定する必要がなく、作業工数の増加を抑制することができる。
According to the machine tool according to the first aspect of the present invention, the control device operates the feed shaft portion at a swing frequency different from a value obtained by multiplying the rotation frequency of the spindle by the number of teeth of the rotary tool, thereby controlling the spindle and the table. The workpiece can be machined by varying the relative movement speed with the set oscillation frequency. In such swing hole machining, the locus of the rotary tool fluctuates, and the thickness of chips produced by machining fluctuates. For this reason, the thinned portion becomes brittle, and the chips are divided from this point as a starting point. Further, since the oscillation frequency is set by the control device, there is no need for the operator to calculate and set it according to a wide variety of processing conditions, and an increase in the number of work steps can be suppressed.
また、本発明の一の態様に係る工作機械によると、制御装置は、ワーク主軸の回転周波数とは異なる揺動周波数で送り軸部を作動させることによって、工具台とワーク主軸との相対移動速度を設定した揺動周波数で変動させてワークを旋削加工することができる。このような揺動旋削加工では、工具の軌跡が変動し、揺動旋削加工によって生じる切りくずの厚さが変動する。このため、薄くなった部分が脆弱となり、これを起点に切りくずが分断される。また、揺動周波数は制御装置によって設定されるため、オペレータが多岐にわたる加工条件に応じて計算した上で設定する必要がなく、作業工数の増加を抑制することができる。
Further, according to the machine tool according to one aspect of the present invention, the control device operates the feed shaft section at a swing frequency different from the rotational frequency of the workpiece spindle, thereby increasing the relative movement speed between the tool stand and the workpiece spindle. It is possible to turn a workpiece by varying it at a set oscillation frequency. In such oscillating turning, the locus of the tool changes, and the thickness of chips produced by oscillating turning changes. For this reason, the thinned portion becomes brittle, and the chips are divided from this point as a starting point. Further, since the oscillation frequency is set by the control device, there is no need for the operator to calculate and set it according to a wide variety of processing conditions, and an increase in the number of work steps can be suppressed.
以下、添付図面を参照して、実施形態に係る工作機械を説明する。同様な又は対応する要素には同一の符号を付し、重複する説明は省略する。理解を容易にするために、図の縮尺を変更して説明する場合がある。
Hereinafter, a machine tool according to an embodiment will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Similar or corresponding elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant explanations will be omitted. In order to facilitate understanding, the scale of figures may be changed for explanation.
(第1実施形態)
図1には、第1実施形態に係る工作機械の一例を示す。工作機械100は、立形マシニングセンタを構成しており、工場の床面に固定された基台としてのベッド102を備える。また、ベッド102の左右方向、すなわち、Y軸方向の左側(図1における左側)の上面において前後方向、すなわち、X軸方向(図1の紙面に垂直な方向)又はY軸方向に移動可能に配置され、被加工物としてのワークWが固定されるテーブル106と、ベッド102のY軸方向右側(図1における右側)においてベッド102の上面に立設し、固定されたコラム104と、を備える。さらに、コラム104の前面側、すなわちY軸方向左側には、X軸方向に沿って移動可能に構成されたX軸スライダ108と、X軸スライダ108の前面側においてZ軸方向、ここでは鉛直方向に沿って移動可能に取り付けられ、主軸112を回転可能に支持する主軸頭110とを備える。 (First embodiment)
FIG. 1 shows an example of a machine tool according to the first embodiment. Themachine tool 100 constitutes a vertical machining center, and includes a bed 102 as a base fixed to the floor of a factory. Further, the upper surface of the bed 102 can be moved in the left-right direction, that is, on the left side in the Y-axis direction (the left side in FIG. 1), in the front-back direction, that is, in the X-axis direction (perpendicular to the plane of the paper in FIG. 1) or in the Y-axis direction. A table 106 is arranged on which a workpiece W as a workpiece is fixed, and a column 104 is fixed and erected on the upper surface of the bed 102 on the right side of the bed 102 in the Y-axis direction (right side in FIG. 1). . Further, on the front side of the column 104, that is, on the left side in the Y-axis direction, there is an X-axis slider 108 that is configured to be movable along the The spindle head 110 is attached to be movable along the spindle and rotatably supports the spindle 112.
図1には、第1実施形態に係る工作機械の一例を示す。工作機械100は、立形マシニングセンタを構成しており、工場の床面に固定された基台としてのベッド102を備える。また、ベッド102の左右方向、すなわち、Y軸方向の左側(図1における左側)の上面において前後方向、すなわち、X軸方向(図1の紙面に垂直な方向)又はY軸方向に移動可能に配置され、被加工物としてのワークWが固定されるテーブル106と、ベッド102のY軸方向右側(図1における右側)においてベッド102の上面に立設し、固定されたコラム104と、を備える。さらに、コラム104の前面側、すなわちY軸方向左側には、X軸方向に沿って移動可能に構成されたX軸スライダ108と、X軸スライダ108の前面側においてZ軸方向、ここでは鉛直方向に沿って移動可能に取り付けられ、主軸112を回転可能に支持する主軸頭110とを備える。 (First embodiment)
FIG. 1 shows an example of a machine tool according to the first embodiment. The
コラム104には、X軸スライダ108をコラム104の前面においてX軸方向に延設された一対のX軸案内レール(図示省略)に沿って往復駆動させるための送り軸部としてのX軸送り装置114が配置されている。X軸送り装置114は、X軸方向に延設され、X軸スライダ108に取り付けられたナットと係合するボールねじと、ボールねじの一端に連結されたX軸サーボモータと、を備える(いずれも図示省略)。これによって、X軸スライダ108は、コラム104の前面においてX軸方向に沿って往復動可能に構成されている。
The column 104 includes an X-axis feed device as a feed shaft portion for reciprocating the X-axis slider 108 along a pair of X-axis guide rails (not shown) extending in the X-axis direction on the front surface of the column 104. 114 are arranged. The X-axis feed device 114 includes a ball screw that extends in the X-axis direction and engages with a nut attached to the X-axis slider 108, and an X-axis servo motor connected to one end of the ball screw. (also not shown). Thereby, the X-axis slider 108 is configured to be able to reciprocate along the X-axis direction on the front surface of the column 104.
ベッド102には、テーブル106をベッド102の上面においてY軸方向に延設された一対のY軸案内レール(図示省略)に沿って往復駆動させるための送り軸部としてのY軸送り装置116が配置されている。Y軸送り装置116は、Y軸方向に延設され、テーブル106に取り付けられたナットと係合するボールねじと、ボールねじの一端に連結されたY軸サーボモータと、を備える(いずれも図示省略)。これによって、テーブル106は、ベッド102の上面においてY軸方向に沿って往復動可能に構成されている。
The bed 102 includes a Y-axis feed device 116 as a feed shaft portion for reciprocating the table 106 along a pair of Y-axis guide rails (not shown) extending in the Y-axis direction on the upper surface of the bed 102. It is located. The Y-axis feed device 116 includes a ball screw that extends in the Y-axis direction and engages with a nut attached to the table 106, and a Y-axis servo motor connected to one end of the ball screw (both are not shown). omission). Thereby, the table 106 is configured to be able to reciprocate along the Y-axis direction on the upper surface of the bed 102.
主軸頭110は、Z軸方向に沿って延伸する中心軸線O周りに回転可能に主軸112を支持する。主軸112のテーブル106と対面する先端部には、回転工具T1が装着されている。ここでは、回転工具T1として刃数が2つのドリルが装着されている。また、主軸頭110は、その筐体の外側には、主軸112を回転駆動するためのサーボモータ(図示省略)が取り付けられている。なお、以下の説明では、サーボモータは、主軸頭110の外側に取り付けられているとして説明するが、これに限らず、例えば、主軸頭の筐体の内部に配置されたステーターコイルとローターコイルとによって構成されたビルトインモータとされてもよい。また、ここでは、回転工具T1はドリルであるとして説明するが、これに限らず、回転工具として中ぐりカッタ、座ぐりカッタ、リーマ、ボーリング等の他の工具が使用されてもよい。
The spindle head 110 supports a spindle 112 rotatably around a central axis O extending along the Z-axis direction. A rotary tool T1 is attached to the tip of the main shaft 112 facing the table 106. Here, a drill with two blades is installed as the rotary tool T1. Furthermore, a servo motor (not shown) for rotationally driving the main shaft 112 is attached to the outer side of the casing of the main spindle head 110. In the following description, the servo motor will be described as being attached to the outside of the spindle head 110, but the servo motor is not limited to this. It may be a built-in motor configured by Moreover, although the rotary tool T1 is described here as a drill, the rotary tool is not limited to this, and other tools such as a boring cutter, a counterbore cutter, a reamer, and a boring tool may be used as the rotary tool.
コラム104には、主軸頭110をコラム104の前面側においてZ軸方向に延設された一対のZ軸案内レール(図示省略)に沿って往復駆動させるための送り軸部としてのZ軸送り装置118が配置されている。Z軸送り装置118は、Z軸方向に延設され、主軸頭110に取り付けられたナットと係合するボールねじと、ボールねじの一端に連結されたZ軸サーボモータと、を備える(いずれも図示省略)。これによって、主軸頭110は、コラム104の前面側においてZ軸方向に沿って往復動可能に構成されている。
The column 104 includes a Z-axis feeding device as a feed shaft portion for reciprocating the spindle head 110 along a pair of Z-axis guide rails (not shown) extending in the Z-axis direction on the front side of the column 104. 118 are arranged. The Z-axis feed device 118 includes a ball screw that extends in the Z-axis direction and engages with a nut attached to the spindle head 110, and a Z-axis servo motor connected to one end of the ball screw. (not shown). Thereby, the spindle head 110 is configured to be able to reciprocate along the Z-axis direction on the front side of the column 104.
X軸送り装置114、Y軸送り装置116及びZ軸送り装置118は、工作機械100を制御するための制御装置10と接続されている。制御装置10は、X軸送り装置114、Y軸送り装置116及びZ軸送り装置118へ供給される電力(電流値)を制御することによって、主軸頭110及びテーブル106の往復動を制御し、この結果、主軸112とテーブル106との相対移動速度を制御する。
The X-axis feed device 114, the Y-axis feed device 116, and the Z-axis feed device 118 are connected to the control device 10 for controlling the machine tool 100. The control device 10 controls the reciprocation of the spindle head 110 and the table 106 by controlling the power (current value) supplied to the X-axis feed device 114, the Y-axis feed device 116, and the Z-axis feed device 118, As a result, the relative movement speed between the main shaft 112 and the table 106 is controlled.
制御装置10は、例えば、図示しないCAM(Computer Aided Manufacturing)システム等に収容された加工プログラム(NCプログラム)を読取り解釈して動作指令を出力する。NCプログラムは、CAMシステムに入力される加工モデルの情報及び加工条件に基づいて自動的に生成される。
The control device 10 reads and interprets a machining program (NC program) stored in, for example, a CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) system (not shown), and outputs an operation command. The NC program is automatically generated based on machining model information and machining conditions input into the CAM system.
制御装置10は、揺動させながら穴加工する揺動穴加工について、加工条件、工具等の加工に関する種々のデータを格納するためのストレージを有しており、ストレージには、これらをデータソースとするデータベースDBが構築されている。制御装置10は、例えば、タッチパネルのような入力部10aから入力される揺動穴加工に関する条件に基づいて、図2に示されるようなデータベースDBを参照して以下に説明する揺動周波数fvを算出し、往復動指令を出力する。往復動作の条件には、ワークWの材料、加工すべき穴の直径、深さ、工具の送り速度、回転工具T1(主軸112)の回転速度、刃数、ドリルや座ぐり工具といった工具の種類等が含まれる。制御装置10は、過去の往復動作の条件を累積的にデータベースDBに格納できるように構成されている。
The control device 10 has a storage for storing various data related to machining such as machining conditions and tools for oscillating hole machining in which a hole is machined while oscillating. A database DB has been constructed. The control device 10 refers to a database DB as shown in FIG. 2 to determine the swing frequency fv, which will be described below, based on the conditions regarding swing hole machining inputted from the input unit 10a such as a touch panel, for example. Calculate and output reciprocating motion command. The conditions for reciprocating operation include the material of the work W, the diameter and depth of the hole to be machined, the feed rate of the tool, the rotation speed of the rotary tool T1 (spindle 112), the number of teeth, and the type of tool such as a drill or counterbore tool. etc. are included. The control device 10 is configured to cumulatively store past reciprocating operation conditions in a database DB.
制御装置10は、工具データ管理部10cを有する。これによって、NCプログラムに回転工具T1の刃数の指令が無い場合は、制御装置10は、工具データ管理部10cの刃数を参照して設定する。また、工具データ管理部10cに刃数のデータが無い場合には、例えば、ドリルは一般的に2枚の刃で構成されることから、刃数を2枚と設定する。このように設定した刃数は、揺動周波数fvを算出するための入力に使用される。なお、工具データ管理部は、データベースとリンクするように構成されてもよい。
The control device 10 has a tool data management section 10c. As a result, if there is no instruction for the number of blades of the rotary tool T1 in the NC program, the control device 10 sets the number of blades by referring to the number of blades in the tool data management section 10c. Further, if there is no data on the number of blades in the tool data management unit 10c, the number of blades is set to two, for example, since a drill is generally configured with two blades. The number of blades set in this way is used as an input for calculating the swing frequency fv. Note that the tool data management section may be configured to be linked to a database.
制御装置10は、さらに、出力されたX軸、Y軸、Z軸の各位置指令に基づき工作機械100のX軸送り装置114、Y軸送り装置116及びZ軸送り装置118を駆動するための電流値を出力し、これらの装置に配置されたサーボモータ等の駆動装置へ送出する。揺動穴加工する場合は、X軸送り装置114、Y軸送り装置116及びZ軸送り装置118へ出力される電流値は、これらを揺動させるために、所定の揺動振幅AMと揺動周波数とによって定まる周期的に変動する電流値として出力される。
The control device 10 further includes a controller for driving the X-axis feed device 114, Y-axis feed device 116, and Z-axis feed device 118 of the machine tool 100 based on the output X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis position commands. A current value is output and sent to a drive device such as a servo motor installed in these devices. When machining a swing hole, the current value output to the X-axis feed device 114, Y-axis feed device 116, and Z-axis feed device 118 is adjusted to a predetermined swing amplitude AM and a swing value in order to swing these devices. It is output as a periodically fluctuating current value determined by the frequency.
揺動周波数で作動される回転工具T1の刃先の主軸112の中心軸線方向、ここでは、Z軸方向の変位Zkは、工具回転角(工具位相)θの関数として以下のように表される。また、変位Zkは、回転工具T1とワークWが近づく方向を正とする。
Zk(θ)=AM・sin{fv・φ/fd}+Fz・n・φ/2π (1)
φ=θ-2πk/n (2)
ここで、kは回転工具T1の回転回数、Fzは1刃当りの送り、fdは回転工具T1の回転周波数、nは回転工具T1の刃数、fvは揺動周波数、AMは揺動振幅、πは円周率を表す。上記のように、Zk(θ)は、揺動振幅AM及び揺動周波数fvの振動をZ軸方向に加えたときの回転工具T1の刃先の外周とワークWとの相対的なZ軸方向変位を表し、式(1)の第1項の変位と第2項の変位とは、変動部分と軸送りによる定常部分とをそれぞれ表す。 Displacement Zk in the central axis direction of themain shaft 112 of the cutting edge of the rotary tool T1 operated at the swing frequency, here the Z-axis direction, is expressed as a function of the tool rotation angle (tool phase) θ as follows. Further, the displacement Zk is positive in the direction in which the rotary tool T1 and the workpiece W approach.
Zk(θ)=AM・sin{fv・φ/fd}+Fz・n・φ/2π (1)
φ=θ−2πk/n (2)
Here, k is the number of rotations of the rotary tool T1, Fz is the feed per tooth, fd is the rotation frequency of the rotary tool T1, n is the number of teeth of the rotary tool T1, fv is the swing frequency, AM is the swing amplitude, π represents pi. As mentioned above, Zk(θ) is the relative displacement in the Z-axis direction between the outer periphery of the cutting edge of the rotary tool T1 and the work W when vibration with the swing amplitude AM and the swing frequency fv is applied in the Z-axis direction. The displacement in the first term and the displacement in the second term of equation (1) respectively represent a fluctuating portion and a steady portion due to shaft feeding.
Zk(θ)=AM・sin{fv・φ/fd}+Fz・n・φ/2π (1)
φ=θ-2πk/n (2)
ここで、kは回転工具T1の回転回数、Fzは1刃当りの送り、fdは回転工具T1の回転周波数、nは回転工具T1の刃数、fvは揺動周波数、AMは揺動振幅、πは円周率を表す。上記のように、Zk(θ)は、揺動振幅AM及び揺動周波数fvの振動をZ軸方向に加えたときの回転工具T1の刃先の外周とワークWとの相対的なZ軸方向変位を表し、式(1)の第1項の変位と第2項の変位とは、変動部分と軸送りによる定常部分とをそれぞれ表す。 Displacement Zk in the central axis direction of the
Zk(θ)=AM・sin{fv・φ/fd}+Fz・n・φ/2π (1)
φ=θ−2πk/n (2)
Here, k is the number of rotations of the rotary tool T1, Fz is the feed per tooth, fd is the rotation frequency of the rotary tool T1, n is the number of teeth of the rotary tool T1, fv is the swing frequency, AM is the swing amplitude, π represents pi. As mentioned above, Zk(θ) is the relative displacement in the Z-axis direction between the outer periphery of the cutting edge of the rotary tool T1 and the work W when vibration with the swing amplitude AM and the swing frequency fv is applied in the Z-axis direction. The displacement in the first term and the displacement in the second term of equation (1) respectively represent a fluctuating portion and a steady portion due to shaft feeding.
ここで、切りくずの厚みに差を生じさせるための基本となる揺動周波数fv(以下、基本周波数fbと称する)は、以下のように表される。
fb=fd・n/2 (3)
式(2)と式(3)とを式(1)に代入して導かれるように、基本周波数fbで揺動される回転工具T1の揺動振幅AMは、工具回転角θに対して位相差πで変動する。 Here, the fundamental oscillation frequency fv (hereinafter referred to as fundamental frequency fb) for producing a difference in chip thickness is expressed as follows.
fb=fd・n/2 (3)
As derived by substituting equations (2) and (3) into equation (1), the swing amplitude AM of the rotary tool T1 swinging at the fundamental frequency fb is determined by the position relative to the tool rotation angle θ. It fluctuates with the phase difference π.
fb=fd・n/2 (3)
式(2)と式(3)とを式(1)に代入して導かれるように、基本周波数fbで揺動される回転工具T1の揺動振幅AMは、工具回転角θに対して位相差πで変動する。 Here, the fundamental oscillation frequency fv (hereinafter referred to as fundamental frequency fb) for producing a difference in chip thickness is expressed as follows.
fb=fd・n/2 (3)
As derived by substituting equations (2) and (3) into equation (1), the swing amplitude AM of the rotary tool T1 swinging at the fundamental frequency fb is determined by the position relative to the tool rotation angle θ. It fluctuates with the phase difference π.
図3には、刃数が2つの回転工具T1を基本周波数fbでZ軸方向に沿って揺動させる揺動穴加工における第1の刃A及び第2の刃Bの刃先の軌跡を示す。図中の縦軸はZ軸方向の変位Zkを表し、横軸は工具位相θを示す。図中の凡例の「-1」、「-2」及び「-3」は、回転工具T1の1回転目から3回転目までをそれぞれ表す。よって、例えば、「A-1」は、第1の刃Aの1回転目の軌跡を意味する。また、同じ工具位相θにおける第1の刃Aと第2の刃BのZ軸方向の変位Zkの差が、穴加工によってワークWから切り取られる切りくずの厚さTHを意味する。πだけ位相があるため、図3に示されるように第1の刃Aと第2の刃BのZ軸方向の変位Zkの差が変動する、すなわち、切りくずの厚さTHの厚い部分と薄い部分TH-MINとが生じるようになる。このように、回転工具T1が1回転するごとに、切りくずが最も薄くなる部分TH-MINが1か所発生するため、切りくずが分断されやすくなる。
FIG. 3 shows the trajectories of the cutting edges of the first blade A and the second blade B in swing hole machining in which a rotary tool T1 with two blades is swung along the Z-axis direction at a fundamental frequency fb. The vertical axis in the figure represents the displacement Zk in the Z-axis direction, and the horizontal axis represents the tool phase θ. "-1", "-2" and "-3" in the legend in the figure represent the first to third rotations of the rotary tool T1, respectively. Therefore, for example, "A-1" means the trajectory of the first blade A in its first rotation. Further, the difference in the displacement Zk of the first blade A and the second blade B in the Z-axis direction at the same tool phase θ means the thickness TH of chips cut from the workpiece W by hole drilling. Since there is a phase by π, the difference in displacement Zk in the Z-axis direction between the first blade A and the second blade B fluctuates as shown in FIG. A thin portion TH-MIN is generated. In this way, each rotation of the rotary tool T1 generates one portion TH-MIN where the chips are the thinnest, so the chips are more likely to be broken up.
図4には、基本周波数fbでの揺動穴加工との対比として、回転工具T1の回転周波数fdと回転工具T1の刃数n(ここでは、n=2)とを乗算して求まる周波数で揺動した場合の刃先の軌跡を示す。第1の刃Aと第2の刃Bとの間に位相差が生じないため、切りくずの厚さTHは常に一定となり、切りくずが分断されにくい。このため、揺動周波数fvは、回転工具T1の回転周波数fdと回転工具の刃数nとを乗算して求まる周波数とは異なる周波数に設定する必要があることがわかる。
As a comparison with swing hole machining at the basic frequency fb, FIG. Shows the trajectory of the cutting edge when swinging. Since there is no phase difference between the first blade A and the second blade B, the thickness TH of the chips is always constant, and the chips are not easily divided. Therefore, it is understood that the swing frequency fv needs to be set to a frequency different from the frequency found by multiplying the rotation frequency fd of the rotary tool T1 and the number n of blades of the rotary tool.
また、制御装置10は、切りくずの最も薄くなる部分TH-MINをより薄くしたい場合には、基本周波数fbに代えて最薄部形成周波数fmを算出し、揺動周波数fvとして設定することができる。最薄部形成周波数fmは、基本周波数fbに1よりも小さい第1の係数を乗じて算出される。第1の係数は、NCプログラムに予め設定されていてもよく、データベースDBを参照して設定されてもよい。図5には、刃数が2つの回転工具T1を最薄部形成周波数fmでZ軸方向に沿って揺動させたときの第1の刃A及び第2の刃Bの刃先の軌跡の一例を示す。ここでは、最薄部形成周波数fmは、第1の係数を約0.5として、基本周波数fbの半分程度に設定されている。図中の縦軸、横軸及び凡例は、図3と同一である。基本周波数fbで揺動した場合と比較して、切りくずの厚さTHの最も薄い部分TH-MINを薄くすることができる。一方、基本周波数fbで揺動した場合と比較して、切りくずの長さは長くなる。
In addition, if the control device 10 wants to make the thinnest part TH-MIN of chips even thinner, the control device 10 can calculate the thinnest part forming frequency fm instead of the fundamental frequency fb and set it as the oscillation frequency fv. can. The thinnest part forming frequency fm is calculated by multiplying the fundamental frequency fb by a first coefficient smaller than 1. The first coefficient may be set in advance in the NC program, or may be set with reference to the database DB. FIG. 5 shows an example of the trajectory of the cutting edges of the first blade A and the second blade B when the rotary tool T1 having two blades is oscillated along the Z-axis direction at the thinnest part forming frequency fm. shows. Here, the thinnest part forming frequency fm is set to about half the fundamental frequency fb, with the first coefficient being about 0.5. The vertical axis, horizontal axis, and legend in the figure are the same as in FIG. 3. Compared to the case of swinging at the fundamental frequency fb, the thinnest portion TH-MIN of the chip thickness TH can be made thinner. On the other hand, the length of the chips becomes longer than in the case of swinging at the fundamental frequency fb.
さらに、制御装置10は、切りくずの長さを短くして細かく分断したい場合には、基本周波数fbに代えて短片形成周波数fsを算出し、揺動周波数fvとして設定することができる。短片形成周波数fsは、基本周波数fbに1よりも大きく、かつ、偶数以外の第2の係数を乗じて算出される。第2の係数は、NCプログラムに予め設定されていてもよく、データベースDBを参照して設定されてもよい。図6には、刃数が2つの回転工具T1を短片形成周波数fsでZ軸方向に沿って揺動させたときの第1の刃A及び第2の刃Bの刃先の軌跡の一例を示す。ここでは、短片形成周波数fsは、第2の係数を約3.0として、基本周波数fbの3倍程度に設定されている。図中の縦軸、横軸及び凡例は、図3及び図5と同一である。基本周波数fbで揺動した場合と比較して、切りくずの長さを短くすることができる。一方、基本周波数fbで揺動した場合と比較して、切りくずの最も薄い部分TH-MINは厚くなる。
Further, when the control device 10 wants to shorten the length of the chips and divide them into small pieces, the control device 10 can calculate the short piece forming frequency fs instead of the fundamental frequency fb and set it as the oscillation frequency fv. The short piece forming frequency fs is calculated by multiplying the fundamental frequency fb by a second coefficient that is larger than 1 and is a non-even number. The second coefficient may be set in advance in the NC program, or may be set with reference to the database DB. FIG. 6 shows an example of the trajectory of the cutting edges of the first blade A and the second blade B when the rotary tool T1 having two blades is oscillated along the Z-axis direction at the short piece forming frequency fs. . Here, the short piece forming frequency fs is set to about three times the fundamental frequency fb, with the second coefficient being about 3.0. The vertical axis, horizontal axis, and legend in the figure are the same as in FIGS. 3 and 5. The length of chips can be shortened compared to the case of swinging at the fundamental frequency fb. On the other hand, the thinnest portion TH-MIN of the chips becomes thicker than when the chips are oscillated at the fundamental frequency fb.
制御装置10は、算出された揺動周波数fvが、X軸送り装置114、Y軸送り装置116及びZ軸送り装置118を揺動することができる周波数の上限(上限揺動周波数)を超える場合には、この上限揺動周波数を揺動周波数fvとして設定するように構成されている。相対移動するワークW及びこれらの装置114、116、118の重量によっては、高周波数、すなわち短周期で加減速を繰り返すことが困難になる場合があるため、制御装置10は、上限揺動周波数を設定可能に構成されている。上限揺動周波数で揺動した場合には、切りくずの長さは、算出された揺動周波数fvで加工する場合よりも長くなるものの、一定の周期で切りくずが薄くなる部分が発生するので、切りくずを分断することができる。
If the calculated swing frequency fv exceeds the upper limit of the frequency at which the X-axis feed device 114, the Y-axis feed device 116, and the Z-axis feed device 118 can be rocked (upper limit swing frequency), the control device 10 is configured to set this upper limit swing frequency as the swing frequency fv. Depending on the relatively moving workpiece W and the weight of these devices 114, 116, 118, it may be difficult to repeat acceleration and deceleration at a high frequency, that is, in a short period, so the control device 10 sets the upper limit swing frequency. Configurable. When oscillating at the upper limit oscillation frequency, the length of the chips will be longer than when machining at the calculated oscillation frequency fv, but there will be parts where the chips become thinner at regular intervals. , chips can be separated.
制御装置10は、工作機械100ごとに基本周波数fb、最薄部形成周波数fmに係る第1の係数、短片形成周波数fsに係る第2の係数、基本周波数fbに対応する基本モード、第1の係数に対応する最薄部形成モード、第2の係数に対応する短片形成モードを記憶したモード記憶部10bを有する。オペレータは、加工に応じてモードを選択することができ、制御装置10は、選択されたモードに対応する揺動周波数fvを選択又は算出し、これに基づいて揺動穴加工を制御することができる。オペレータが個別に基本周波数fb、第1の係数及び第2の係数を設定することなく、モードに応じて揺動周波数fvで揺動穴加工をすることができ、作業工数を低減することができる。加工に応じて選択するモードは、前述の3つのモードを選択できるようにしてもよいし、各モードの中間も含めたさらに多くのモードから選択できるインタフェースを準備してもよい。モードの選択はNCプログラムで都度行ってもよいし、機械パラメータで予め定められていてもよい。
The control device 10 controls, for each machine tool 100, a fundamental frequency fb, a first coefficient related to the thinnest part forming frequency fm, a second coefficient related to the short piece forming frequency fs, a basic mode corresponding to the fundamental frequency fb, and a first coefficient. It has a mode storage section 10b that stores the thinnest part forming mode corresponding to the coefficient and the short piece forming mode corresponding to the second coefficient. The operator can select a mode according to the machining, and the control device 10 can select or calculate the swing frequency fv corresponding to the selected mode, and control the swing hole machining based on this. can. The operator can machine the swing hole at the swing frequency fv according to the mode without individually setting the basic frequency fb, the first coefficient, and the second coefficient, reducing the number of work steps. . The mode to be selected depending on the processing may be selected from the three modes described above, or an interface may be provided that allows selection from more modes including an intermediate mode between each mode. The mode selection may be performed each time using the NC program, or may be predetermined using machine parameters.
制御装置10は、短片形成周波数fsに係る第2の係数が偶数に設定された場合には、自動で奇数倍に変更するように構成されている。これによって、オペレータが誤って第2の係数を設定した場合であっても適切に切りくずを分断する効果を得ることができる。
The control device 10 is configured to automatically change the second coefficient related to the short piece forming frequency fs to an odd number when it is set to an even number. Thereby, even if the operator mistakenly sets the second coefficient, it is possible to obtain the effect of appropriately dividing chips.
本実施形態に係る工作機械100の作用効果について、図7に示すフローチャートに沿って以下に説明する。
The effects of the machine tool 100 according to the present embodiment will be described below along the flowchart shown in FIG. 7.
揺動穴加工は、制御装置10に格納されたプログラムが実行されることによって、工作機械100が作動され、加工が行われる。最初に、ステップS10では、制御装置10において、加工プログラム中の揺動穴加工のプログラムが呼び出され、引数や装置の状態から回転周波数fdや刃数nの情報が取得される。具体的には、例えば、加工プログラム中には、G81X_Y_Z_R_F_S_E_H_と記述されている。ここで、G81がNC(数値制御装置)の加工プログラムで用いられるGコード、Xが穴中心のX座標、Yが穴中心のY座標、ZがZ座標におけるR点から穴底までの距離、RがZ座標における早送り位置決めから切削送りにシフトする位置、Sが主軸112の回転速度、Eが回転工具T1の刃数n、Hが切りくずの薄さや長さを変化させたい時に、周波数を増減させるための係数を示す。Sで示される主軸112の回転速度は1分当たりの主軸の回転数を示すので、これを60で除算することで回転周波数fdを取得できる。揺動穴加工を指令するプログラムにおいて、Sに回転周波数fdを直接示してもよい。Sが省略されている場合は、最後に指令したSコード又は回転周波数fdが参照される。また、Eが省略されている場合は、工具データを参照し、そこにも値がない場合はn=2とされる。さらに、Hが省略されている場合は1とされる。
The swing hole machining is performed by operating the machine tool 100 by executing a program stored in the control device 10. First, in step S10, the control device 10 calls the swing hole machining program in the machining program, and obtains information on the rotational frequency fd and the number of blades n from arguments and the state of the device. Specifically, for example, G81X_Y_Z_R_F_S_E_H_ is written in the machining program. Here, G81 is the G code used in the NC (numerical control unit) machining program, X is the X coordinate of the center of the hole, Y is the Y coordinate of the center of the hole, Z is the distance from the R point to the bottom of the hole in the Z coordinate, R is the position at which rapid traverse positioning shifts to cutting feed in the Z coordinate, S is the rotation speed of the spindle 112, E is the number of teeth n of the rotary tool T1, and H is the frequency when changing the thinness and length of chips. Indicates the coefficient for increasing or decreasing. Since the rotation speed of the main shaft 112 indicated by S indicates the number of rotations of the main shaft per minute, the rotation frequency fd can be obtained by dividing this by 60. In the program that commands swing hole machining, the rotation frequency fd may be directly indicated in S. If S is omitted, the last commanded S code or rotational frequency fd is referred to. Furthermore, if E is omitted, the tool data is referred to, and if there is no value there, n=2 is assumed. Furthermore, if H is omitted, it is set to 1.
次に、ステップS20では、取得した回転周波数fd、刃数n、第1の係数又は第2の係数の情報から、基本周波数fb、最薄部形成周波数fm又は短片形成周波数fsの何れかの揺動周波数fvを算出する。
Next, in step S20, one of the fundamental frequency fb, the thinnest part forming frequency fm, or the short piece forming frequency fs is determined from the acquired information on the rotational frequency fd, the number of blades n, the first coefficient, or the second coefficient. Calculate the dynamic frequency fv.
次に、ステップS30では、算出された揺動周波数fvが、X軸送り装置114、Y軸送り装置116及びZ軸送り装置118を揺動することができる周波数の上限揺動周波数を超えるか否かを判定する。揺動周波数fvが上限揺動周波数を超えない場合には、ステップS40へ移行し、算出された揺動周波数fvで揺動穴加工が開始される。一方、揺動周波数fvが上限揺動周波数を超える場合には、ステップS50において上限揺動周波数を揺動周波数fvに設定し、揺動穴加工が開始される。本実施形態では、主軸がZ方向に動作することで穴加工を行うので、Z軸送り装置118の特性に基づいて設定される上限揺動周波数を用いて判定できるが、X軸方向又はY軸方向に穴加工を行う場合には、X軸送り装置114やY軸送り装置116の特性に基づいて設定される上限揺動周波数を用いて判定できる。
Next, in step S30, it is determined whether the calculated swing frequency fv exceeds the upper limit swing frequency at which the X-axis feed device 114, Y-axis feed device 116, and Z-axis feed device 118 can be swung. Determine whether If the swing frequency fv does not exceed the upper limit swing frequency, the process moves to step S40, and swing hole machining is started at the calculated swing frequency fv. On the other hand, if the swing frequency fv exceeds the upper limit swing frequency, the upper limit swing frequency is set to the swing frequency fv in step S50, and swing hole machining is started. In this embodiment, the hole is machined by moving the spindle in the Z direction, so the determination can be made using the upper limit swing frequency set based on the characteristics of the Z-axis feeder 118. When drilling in the direction, the determination can be made using the upper limit swing frequency set based on the characteristics of the X-axis feed device 114 and the Y-axis feed device 116.
本実施形態に係る工作機械100によると、制御装置10は、主軸112の回転周波数fdと回転工具T1の刃数nを乗算した値とは異なる揺動周波数fv(基本周波数fb)でZ軸送り装置118を作動させることによって、主軸112とワークWとの相対移動速度を基本周波数fbで変動させて揺動穴加工することができる。このような揺動穴加工では、回転工具T1の軌跡が変動し、加工によって生じる切りくずの厚さTHが変動する。このため、薄くなった部分TH-MINが脆弱となり、これを起点に切りくずが分断される。また、基本周波数fbは、制御装置10によって設定されるため、オペレータが多岐にわたる加工条件に応じて算定した上で設定する必要がなく、作業工数の増加を抑制することができる。
According to the machine tool 100 according to the present embodiment, the control device 10 controls the Z-axis feed at a swing frequency fv (basic frequency fb) that is different from a value obtained by multiplying the rotational frequency fd of the spindle 112 by the number n of teeth of the rotary tool T1. By operating the device 118, the relative movement speed between the main shaft 112 and the workpiece W can be varied at the fundamental frequency fb to perform swing hole machining. In such swing hole machining, the locus of the rotary tool T1 fluctuates, and the thickness TH of chips produced by machining fluctuates. Therefore, the thinned portion TH-MIN becomes brittle, and the chips are divided from this as a starting point. Further, since the fundamental frequency fb is set by the control device 10, there is no need for the operator to calculate and set it according to a wide variety of processing conditions, and an increase in the number of work steps can be suppressed.
また、本実施形態に係る工作機械100によると、主軸112とワークWとの相対移動速度は、主軸112又はテーブル106がZ軸方向に沿って離隔しない範囲で変動させることができる。このため、回転工具T1はZ軸方向に後退することはなく、回転工具T1の先端は常にワークWに接触し続け、ワークWから離隔しない。このため、回転工具T1がワークWに対して衝触、離隔することによって生じ得る回転工具T1の刃先の欠けや騒音の発生を抑制又は防止することができる。さらに、Z軸方向に沿って停止又は後退するといった動作をしないため、ドリルサイクルの問題として生じ得る加工時間が長くなるという現象が発生することを抑制又は防止することができる。また、往復動作の為に移動距離が増えることが無いので、送り軸装置の寿命への悪影響が無い。
Furthermore, according to the machine tool 100 according to the present embodiment, the relative movement speed between the main spindle 112 and the workpiece W can be varied within a range where the main spindle 112 or the table 106 are not separated along the Z-axis direction. Therefore, the rotary tool T1 does not retreat in the Z-axis direction, and the tip of the rotary tool T1 always remains in contact with the work W and does not separate from the work W. Therefore, it is possible to suppress or prevent the cutting edge of the rotary tool T1 from chipping and the generation of noise that may occur when the rotary tool T1 collides with or separates from the workpiece W. Furthermore, since there is no operation such as stopping or retreating along the Z-axis direction, it is possible to suppress or prevent the occurrence of a phenomenon in which machining time becomes longer, which may occur as a problem in the drill cycle. Furthermore, since the moving distance does not increase due to reciprocating motion, there is no adverse effect on the life of the feed shaft device.
さらに、本実施形態に係る工作機械100によると、制御装置10は、切りくずの最も薄くなる部分TH-MINをより薄くしたい場合には、基本周波数fbに1よりも小さい第1の係数を乗じて最薄部形成周波数fmを算出し、設定することができる。これによって、基本周波数fbで揺動した場合と比較して、切りくずの厚さTHの最も薄い部分TH-MINを薄くすることができる。
Further, according to the machine tool 100 according to the present embodiment, the control device 10 multiplies the fundamental frequency fb by a first coefficient smaller than 1 when it is desired to make the thinnest portion TH-MIN of chips thinner. The thinnest part formation frequency fm can be calculated and set using the following steps. As a result, the thinnest portion TH-MIN of the chip thickness TH can be made thinner than in the case of swinging at the fundamental frequency fb.
また、本実施形態に係る工作機械100によると、制御装置10は、切りくずの長さを短くして細かく分断したい場合には、基本周波数fbに1よりも大きく、かつ、偶数以外の第2の係数を乗じて短片形成周波数fsを算出し、設定することができる。これによって、基本周波数fbで揺動した場合と比較して、切りくずの長さを短くすることができる。
Further, according to the machine tool 100 according to the present embodiment, when the length of the chips is shortened and the chips are to be finely divided, the control device 10 sets the fundamental frequency fb to a second frequency higher than 1 and a non-even number. The short piece formation frequency fs can be calculated and set by multiplying by the coefficient. This makes it possible to shorten the length of chips compared to the case of swinging at the fundamental frequency fb.
さらに、本実施形態に係る工作機械100によると、制御装置10は、算出された揺動周波数fvが、Z軸送り装置118を揺動することができる上限揺動周波数を超える場合には、この上限揺動周波数を揺動周波数fvとして設定することができる。これによって、切りくずの長さは算出された揺動周波数fvで加工する場合よりも長くなるものの、一定の周期で切りくずが薄くなる部分が発生するので、切りくずを分断することができる。
Furthermore, according to the machine tool 100 according to the present embodiment, when the calculated swing frequency fv exceeds the upper limit swing frequency at which the Z-axis feed device 118 can swing, the control device 10 controls the The upper limit swing frequency can be set as the swing frequency fv. As a result, although the length of the chips becomes longer than when machining is performed at the calculated oscillation frequency fv, parts where the chips become thinner occur at regular intervals, so the chips can be divided.
また、本実施形態に係る工作機械100によると、制御装置10は、モード記憶部10bとデータベースDBとを有する。オペレータは、加工に応じてモードを選択することができ、制御装置10は、選択されたモードに対応する係数から揺動周波数fvを算出し、これに基づいて揺動穴加工を制御することができる。これによって、オペレータが個別に基本周波数fb、第1の係数及び第2の係数を設定することなく、モードに応じて揺動周波数fvで揺動穴加工をすることができ、作業工数を低減することができる。
Furthermore, according to the machine tool 100 according to the present embodiment, the control device 10 includes a mode storage section 10b and a database DB. The operator can select a mode according to the machining, and the control device 10 can calculate the swing frequency fv from the coefficient corresponding to the selected mode, and control the swing hole machining based on this. can. As a result, the operator can machine the swing hole at the swing frequency fv according to the mode without individually setting the basic frequency fb, the first coefficient, and the second coefficient, reducing the number of work steps. be able to.
以上により、本実施形態に係る工作機械100は、回転工具T1とワークWとの相対速度を周期的に変動して加工する場合において、切りくずの分断効果が得られる揺動周波数fvを自動的に設定することができる。
As described above, when the machine tool 100 according to the present embodiment performs machining by periodically varying the relative speed between the rotary tool T1 and the workpiece W, the oscillation frequency fv at which the chip breaking effect can be obtained is automatically set. Can be set to .
(変形例)
以下、図8を用いて変形例に係る工作機械100について説明する。第1実施形態と同様な又は対応する要素には同一の符号を付し、重複する説明は省略する。 (Modified example)
Hereinafter, amachine tool 100 according to a modification will be described using FIG. 8. Elements similar to or corresponding to those in the first embodiment are given the same reference numerals, and redundant explanations will be omitted.
以下、図8を用いて変形例に係る工作機械100について説明する。第1実施形態と同様な又は対応する要素には同一の符号を付し、重複する説明は省略する。 (Modified example)
Hereinafter, a
本変形例に係る工作機械100によれば、制御装置10は、ネットワークNW経由で工作機械100と接続されている。このため、制御装置10は、ネットワークNW経由で工作機械100のX軸送り装置114、Y軸送り装置116及びZ軸送り装置118を揺動させることができる。これによって、複数の工作機械100を一元的に制御することができる。
According to the machine tool 100 according to this modification, the control device 10 is connected to the machine tool 100 via the network NW. Therefore, the control device 10 can swing the X-axis feed device 114, the Y-axis feed device 116, and the Z-axis feed device 118 of the machine tool 100 via the network NW. Thereby, a plurality of machine tools 100 can be centrally controlled.
なお、本実施形態では、回転工具T1を基本周波数fbでZ軸方向に沿って揺動させるとして説明したが、これに限らず、回転工具をX軸方向、及び/又は、Y軸方向に揺動させて揺動加工してもよい。
In this embodiment, the rotary tool T1 is oscillated along the Z-axis direction at the fundamental frequency fb, but the present invention is not limited to this. It is also possible to perform rocking processing by moving it.
(第2実施形態)
以下、図9を用いて第2実施形態に係る工作機械200について説明する。第1実施形態と同様な又は対応する要素には同一の符号を付し、重複する説明は省略する。 (Second embodiment)
Themachine tool 200 according to the second embodiment will be described below with reference to FIG. Elements similar to or corresponding to those in the first embodiment are given the same reference numerals, and redundant explanations will be omitted.
以下、図9を用いて第2実施形態に係る工作機械200について説明する。第1実施形態と同様な又は対応する要素には同一の符号を付し、重複する説明は省略する。 (Second embodiment)
The
第2実施形態に係る工作機械200は、工具T2と回転するワークWとを送り方向に沿って相対移動させて旋削加工する工作機械200とされており、工具T2が取付けられる工具台212と、取付けられたワークWを回転させるワーク主軸206と、を備える。また、工作機械200は、工具台212とワーク主軸206とを送り方向であるX軸方向、Y軸方向及びZ軸方向に沿って相対移動させる送り軸部としてのX軸送り装置114、Y軸送り装置116及びZ軸送り装置118(以下、装置114,116,118と称する)と、を備える。さらに、工作機械200は、工具台212とワーク主軸206との相対移動速度を設定した揺動周波数fvで変動させてワークWを旋削加工する揺動旋削加工の指令を受信した場合に、ワーク主軸206の回転周波数fdとは異なる揺動周波数fvを設定し、揺動周波数fvで装置114、116、118を作動させる制御装置20と、を備える。
The machine tool 200 according to the second embodiment is a machine tool 200 that performs turning by relatively moving a tool T2 and a rotating workpiece W along the feeding direction, and includes a tool stand 212 on which the tool T2 is attached, A workpiece main shaft 206 that rotates the attached workpiece W is provided. The machine tool 200 also includes an X-axis feeder 114 and a Y-axis, which serve as feed shaft sections that relatively move the tool stand 212 and the workpiece spindle 206 along the X-axis direction, Y-axis direction, and Z-axis direction, which are the feeding directions. A feeding device 116 and a Z-axis feeding device 118 (hereinafter referred to as devices 114, 116, and 118) are provided. Furthermore, when the machine tool 200 receives a command for oscillating turning in which the workpiece W is turned by varying the relative movement speed between the tool rest 212 and the workpiece spindle 206 at a set oscillation frequency fv, the machine tool 200 A control device 20 is provided that sets a swing frequency fv different from the rotation frequency fd of 206 and operates the devices 114, 116, and 118 at the swing frequency fv.
第2実施形態に係る工作機械200によると、制御装置20は、ワーク主軸206の回転周波数fdとは異なる揺動周波数fvで装置114,116,118を作動させることによって、工具台212とワーク主軸との相対移動速度を設定した揺動周波数fvで変動させてワークWを旋削加工することができる。このような揺動旋削加工では、工具T2の軌跡が変動し、揺動旋削加工によって生じる切りくずの厚さTHが変動する。このため、薄くなった部分TH-MINが脆弱となり、これを起点に切りくずが分断される。また、揺動周波数fvは制御装置20によって設定されるため、オペレータが多岐にわたる加工条件に応じて計算した上で設定する必要がなく、作業工数の増加を抑制することができる。
According to the machine tool 200 according to the second embodiment, the control device 20 operates the tool stand 212 and the workpiece spindle by operating the devices 114, 116, and 118 at a swing frequency fv different from the rotation frequency fd of the workpiece spindle 206. The workpiece W can be turned by varying the relative movement speed with the set swing frequency fv. In such an oscillating turning process, the locus of the tool T2 changes, and the thickness TH of chips produced by the oscillating turning process changes. Therefore, the thinned portion TH-MIN becomes brittle, and the chips are divided from this as a starting point. Further, since the swing frequency fv is set by the control device 20, there is no need for the operator to calculate and set it according to a wide variety of processing conditions, and an increase in the number of work steps can be suppressed.
以上、工作機械100、200の実施形態について説明したが、本発明は上記の実施形態に限定されない。当業者であれば、上記の実施形態の様々な変形が可能であることを理解できると考えられる。
Although the embodiments of the machine tools 100 and 200 have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various variations of the embodiments described above are possible.
10 制御装置
20 制御装置
100 工作機械
106 テーブル
112 主軸
114 X軸送り装置(送り軸部)
116 Y軸送り装置(送り軸部)
118 Z軸送り装置(送り軸部)
200 工作機械
206 ワーク主軸
212 工具台
DB データベース
fv 揺動周波数
fb 基本周波数
fm 最薄部形成周波数
fs 短片形成周波数
T1 回転工具
T2 工具 10Control device 20 Control device 100 Machine tool 106 Table 112 Main spindle 114 X-axis feed device (feed shaft part)
116 Y-axis feed device (feed shaft part)
118 Z-axis feed device (feed shaft part)
200Machine tool 206 Work spindle 212 Tool stand DB Database fv Oscillation frequency fb Fundamental frequency fm Thinnest part forming frequency fs Short piece forming frequency T1 Rotary tool T2 Tool
20 制御装置
100 工作機械
106 テーブル
112 主軸
114 X軸送り装置(送り軸部)
116 Y軸送り装置(送り軸部)
118 Z軸送り装置(送り軸部)
200 工作機械
206 ワーク主軸
212 工具台
DB データベース
fv 揺動周波数
fb 基本周波数
fm 最薄部形成周波数
fs 短片形成周波数
T1 回転工具
T2 工具 10
116 Y-axis feed device (feed shaft part)
118 Z-axis feed device (feed shaft part)
200
Claims (10)
- 回転工具とワークとを相対移動させて穴加工する工作機械であって、
取付けられた前記回転工具を回転させる主軸と、
前記ワークが取付けられるテーブルと、
前記主軸と前記テーブルとを前記主軸の中心軸線方向に沿って相対移動させる送り軸部と、
前記主軸と前記テーブルとの相対移動速度を揺動周波数で変動させて前記ワークを穴加工する揺動穴加工の指令を受信した場合に、前記主軸の回転周波数と前記回転工具の刃数を乗算した値とは異なる揺動周波数を設定し、該揺動周波数で前記送り軸部を作動させる制御装置と、
を備えることを特徴とする、工作機械。 A machine tool that processes holes by moving a rotary tool and a workpiece relative to each other,
a main shaft for rotating the attached rotary tool;
a table on which the workpiece is attached;
a feed shaft portion that relatively moves the main spindle and the table along the central axis direction of the main spindle;
When receiving a command for oscillating hole machining in which the relative movement speed between the main spindle and the table is varied at a oscillation frequency to form a hole in the workpiece, multiplying the rotational frequency of the main spindle by the number of teeth of the rotary tool. a control device that sets a rocking frequency different from the value set and operates the feed shaft section at the rocking frequency;
A machine tool characterized by comprising: - 前記主軸と前記テーブルとの相対移動速度は、前記主軸又は前記テーブルが前記主軸の中心軸線方向に沿って離隔しない範囲で変動する、請求項1に記載の工作機械。 The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the relative movement speed between the main spindle and the table varies within a range where the main spindle or the table is not separated along the central axis direction of the main spindle.
- 工具と回転するワークとを送り方向に沿って相対移動させて旋削加工する工作機械であって、
前記工具が取付けられる工具台と、
取付けられた前記ワークを回転させるワーク主軸と、
前記工具台と前記ワーク主軸とを前記送り方向に沿って相対移動させる送り軸部と、
前記工具台と前記ワーク主軸との相対移動速度を揺動周波数で変動させて前記ワークを旋削加工する揺動旋削加工の指令を受信した場合に、前記ワーク主軸の回転周波数とは異なる揺動周波数を設定し、該揺動周波数で前記送り軸部を作動させる制御装置と、
を備えることを特徴とする、工作機械。 A machine tool that performs turning by relatively moving a tool and a rotating workpiece along the feed direction,
a tool stand on which the tool is attached;
a workpiece spindle that rotates the attached workpiece;
a feed shaft portion that relatively moves the tool stand and the workpiece spindle along the feed direction;
When receiving a command for oscillating turning processing in which the relative movement speed between the tool stand and the workpiece spindle is varied at a oscillation frequency to turn the workpiece, a oscillation frequency different from the rotational frequency of the workpiece spindle is received. a control device that sets the oscillation frequency and operates the feed shaft section at the oscillation frequency;
A machine tool characterized by comprising: - 前記工具台と前記ワーク主軸との相対移動速度は、前記工具台又は前記ワーク主軸が前記送り方向に沿って離隔しない範囲で変動する、請求項3に記載の工作機械。 The machine tool according to claim 3, wherein the relative movement speed between the tool stand and the workpiece spindle varies within a range where the tool stand or the workpiece spindle are not separated along the feeding direction.
- 前記揺動周波数は、前記回転周波数と刃数と0.5との積である基本周波数とされる、請求項1から請求項4の何れか1項に記載の工作機械。 The machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the oscillation frequency is a fundamental frequency that is a product of the rotation frequency, the number of teeth, and 0.5.
- 前記揺動周波数は、前記基本周波数に1よりも小さい第1の係数を乗じた最薄部形成周波数とされる、請求項5に記載の工作機械。 The machine tool according to claim 5, wherein the oscillation frequency is the thinnest part forming frequency obtained by multiplying the fundamental frequency by a first coefficient smaller than 1.
- 前記揺動周波数は、前記基本周波数に1よりも大きく、かつ、偶数以外の第2の係数を乗じた短片形成周波数とされる、請求項5に記載の工作機械。 The machine tool according to claim 5, wherein the oscillation frequency is a short piece forming frequency obtained by multiplying the fundamental frequency by a second coefficient that is larger than 1 and is not an even number.
- 設定した前記揺動周波数が、前記送り軸部を作動可能な周波数の上限値を超える場合は、該上限値で前記送り軸部を作動させる、請求項1から請求項7の何れか1項に記載の工作機械。 According to any one of claims 1 to 7, when the set rocking frequency exceeds an upper limit value of a frequency at which the feed shaft portion can be operated, the feed shaft portion is operated at the upper limit value. Machine tools listed.
- 前記制御装置は、前記ワーク及び加工情報と前記揺動周波数とを関連付けるためのデータベースを有する、請求項1から請求項8の何れか1項に記載の工作機械。 The machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the control device has a database for associating the workpiece and machining information with the oscillation frequency.
- 前記制御装置は、ネットワーク経由で前記送り軸部を作動させる、請求項1から請求項9の何れか1項に記載の工作機械。 The machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the control device operates the feed shaft section via a network.
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