WO2023181638A1

WO2023181638A1 - Machine tool

Info

Publication number: WO2023181638A1
Application number: PCT/JP2023/002779
Authority: WO
Inventors: 雅之渡邉
Original assignee: 村田機械株式会社
Priority date: 2022-03-23
Filing date: 2023-01-30
Publication date: 2023-09-28

Abstract

[Problem] To make it possible to switch between causing a tool to turn and causing the tool to be fixed while the tool is held, and efficiently machine an internal wall section of a workpiece that has a void section and an opening. [Solution] A workpiece has a void section formed therein and an opening that communicates from the void section to the outside of the workpiece. This machine tool comprises a tool having a first portion that extends in a first direction, a second portion that extends from an end of the first portion in a second direction that crosses the first direction, and a cutting edge section that machines the inner wall section of the workpiece. The machine tool comprises a holding part that holds the first portion. The machine tool comprises a turning part that turns the holding part about an axis that is orthogonal to a plane parallel to the first direction and the second direction. The machine tool comprises a braking part that brakes the turning of the turning part. The turning part turns the holding part when the tool is inserted into the void section through the opening. The braking part brakes the turning by the turning part when machining the inner wall section.

Description

Machine Tools

The present invention relates to machine tools.

Machine tools can process workpieces of various shapes. The technique described in Patent Document 1 relates to a machine tool that processes a workpiece that has a cavity formed inside and an opening that communicates from the cavity to the outside of the workpiece. The machine tool described in Patent Document 1 includes a first portion extending in a first direction, and a second portion extending from an end of the first portion in a second direction intersecting the first direction, and the second portion extends in a second direction. The inner wall of the workpiece is machined using a tool that has a blade at its tip.

The diameter of the opening in the workpiece may be smaller than the length of the second part of the tool. If the diameter of the opening is smaller than the length of the second portion, the machine tool changes the angle of the tool relative to the opening to insert the second portion into the cavity through the opening. The angle of the tool relative to the opening can be changed by rotating at least one of the tool and the workpiece. The machine tool described in Patent Document 1 changes the angle of the tool with respect to the opening by rotating the workpiece.

After inserting the second part into the cavity, the machine tool processes the inner wall of the workpiece. There are two methods for machining the inner wall of a work: one is to process the work while rotating the other, and the other is to process the inner wall of the work while rotating the tool. The machine tool described in Patent Document 1 performs machining while rotating the tool.

Patent No. 5411044

A type of machine tool that rotates the tool when inserting the second part into the cavity through the opening and rotates the workpiece when machining the inner wall of the workpiece fixes the tool when machining the inner wall part. It is necessary to do so. This problem can be solved, for example, by a machine tool that includes a turning device that holds the tool in a rotatable manner and a fixing device that holds the tool in a fixed manner. That is, the machine tool rotates the tool using the turning device to insert the second portion into the cavity, and fixes the tool using the fixing device to process the inner wall portion.

However, in the method using a rotating device and a fixed device, after inserting the second part into the cavity using the rotating device, the tool held by the rotating device must be transferred to the fixed device in order to process the inner wall. It is not easy to use, and it is inefficient. In addition, in the method using a rotating device and a fixing device, after processing the inner wall using the fixing device, the tool held by the fixing device must be transferred to the rotating device in order to take out the second part from the cavity. It's inefficient.

In an aspect of the present invention, a machine tool is provided that processes a workpiece while rotating it. The workpiece has a cavity formed inside and an opening communicating from the cavity to the outside of the workpiece. The machine tool includes a first portion extending in a first direction, a second portion extending from an end of the first portion in a second direction intersecting the first direction, and a tool having a blade portion for machining an inner wall portion of a workpiece. . The machine tool includes a holding part that holds the first part. The machine tool includes a turning section that turns the holding section around an axis perpendicular to a plane parallel to the first direction and the second direction. The machine tool includes a braking section that brakes the turning of the turning section. The pivoting section pivots the holding section when inserting the tool into the cavity through the opening. The brake part brakes the turning by the turning part when processing the inner wall part.

The machine tool of the above embodiment can switch between rotating the tool and fixing the tool while holding the tool, and can efficiently process the inner wall of a workpiece having a cavity.

The machine tool may include an accommodating section that accommodates the turning section and the braking section. The braking section may include a curvic coupling provided inside the turning section. The curvic coupling may include a first annular coupling fixed to the pivot and having first teeth. The curvic coupling may include an annular second coupling that is provided concentrically with respect to the first coupling, is fixed to the housing part, and has second teeth. The curvic coupling may include an annular third coupling that is movable in the axial direction of the rotating portion and has a third tooth portion. The rotating portion may be capable of rotating the holding portion when the third tooth portion is not engaged with the first tooth portion and the second tooth portion. The rotating portion may be unable to rotate the holding portion when the third tooth portion is engaged with the first tooth portion and the second tooth portion. The machine tool of this embodiment can switch between rotating the tool and fixing the tool using the curvic coupling.

The machine tool may include a control unit that controls the rotation of the rotation unit. The braking section may include a positional displacement regulating section that restricts positional displacement between the second coupling and the third coupling in the circumferential direction. The control section may stop the rotating section at an angle that allows the third tooth section to mesh with the first tooth section. The machine tool of this aspect can prevent misalignment caused by misalignment of the third coupling with respect to the first coupling and the second coupling in the circumferential direction.

The braking section may include a braking device that presses the friction material against the rotating section. The pivoting portion may be capable of pivoting the holding portion when the friction material is not pressed. The rotating portion may be unable to rotate the holding portion when the friction material is pressed. The machine tool of this aspect can switch between rotating the tool and fixing the tool using a brake device that presses a friction material against the rotating part.

The machine tool may be equipped with a tool rest to which tools are attached. The machine tool may include a rotation drive unit that rotationally drives a tool attached to a tool post. The turning section may be driven by a rotational drive section. The machine tool of this embodiment can rotate the tool using a general-purpose tool post.

The tool rest may be a turret that radially attaches a plurality of tools and performs rotation indexing. The machine tool of this embodiment can rotate the tool using a turret.

1 is a front view schematically showing an example of the configuration of a machine tool 100. FIG. 1 is a side view schematically showing an example of the configuration of a machine tool 100. FIG. FIG. 2 is a side sectional view schematically showing an example of the configuration of a tool holding device 140. FIG. It is a perspective view showing roughly an example of composition of the 1st coupling 145A and the 2nd coupling 145B. It is a perspective view which shows roughly an example of a structure of 3rd coupling 145C. FIG. 3 is a perspective view schematically showing an example of a state in which a third coupling 145C is engaged with a first coupling 145A and a second coupling 145B. It is a side sectional view showing roughly an example of the state where turning part 142C can turn. 142 is a side sectional view schematically showing an example of a state in which the turning portion 142C cannot turn. FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing an example of control processing before starting machining of an inner wall portion I1 of a workpiece W1. FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing an example of a procedure for inserting the tool 150 into the cavity C1 through the opening A1. FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing an example of a procedure for inserting the tool 150 into the cavity C1 through the opening A1. FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing an example of a procedure for inserting the tool 150 into the cavity C1 through the opening A1. FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing an example of a procedure for inserting the tool 150 into the cavity C1 through the opening A1. It is a figure which shows schematically an example of the control process after finishing the process of the inner wall part I1 of the workpiece|work W1. 7 is a side sectional view schematically showing a modification of the configuration of the tool holding device 140. FIG.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained through embodiments of the invention, but the following embodiments do not limit the invention according to the claims. Furthermore, not all combinations of features described in the embodiments are essential to the solution of the invention. In addition, in the drawings, the same or similar parts may be given the same reference numerals and redundant explanations may be omitted.

FIG. 1 is a front view schematically showing an example of the configuration of a machine tool 100. As shown in FIG. FIG. 2 is a side view schematically showing an example of the configuration of the machine tool 100. In Figure 1, there is a Z-axis whose right direction is the +Z direction when facing the paper, an X-axis whose upward direction is the +X direction when facing the paper, and a Y-axis whose depth direction is the -Y direction when facing the paper. are shown perpendicular to each other. In the following explanation, the explanation may be made using three axes: the X axis, the Y axis, and the Z axis. The Z direction is an example of the first direction. The X direction is an example of the second direction. The ZX plane is an example of a plane parallel to the first direction and the second direction.
The machine tool 100 is a machine that mainly removes unnecessary parts from a metal workpiece W1 by cutting, grinding, etc., and forms it into a desired shape. The machine tool 100 of the embodiment processes the workpiece W1 while rotating it. The work W1 has a cavity C1 formed inside and an opening A1 communicating from the cavity C1 to the outside of the work W1. The workpiece W1 is, for example, a differential case.

The machine tool 100 includes a chuck 110, a turret 120, a rotation drive section 130, a tool holding device 140, a tool 150, a brake drive section 160, and a control device 170.

The chuck 110 is a component attached to the end of the spindle to hold the workpiece W1. The chuck 110 is rotatably provided around the main axis AX1. In FIG. 1, the main axis AX1 is an axis parallel to the Z axis. In other words, the Z direction is a direction parallel to the main axis AX1. The chuck 110 holds the work W1 and rotates the work W1 around the main axis AX1.

The turret 120 is a tool rest to which a plurality of tools are attached radially and performs rotation indexing. The turret 120 includes a plurality of tool attachment parts TM1 that are provided so that tools can be attached thereto. A tool holding device 140 can be attached to at least one tool attachment portion TM1 among the plurality of tool attachment portions TM1. The turret 120 is provided so as to be movable in the Z direction and the X direction, and to be pivotable around the turret rotation axis AX2. In FIG. 1, the turret rotation axis AX2 is an axis parallel to the Z-axis. In other words, the Z direction is a direction parallel to the turret rotation axis AX2. Turret 120 is an example of a tool post. A turret is a stand on which tools and other items are attached.

The rotation drive unit 130 is a device that rotationally drives the tool attached to the turret 120. The rotation drive unit 130 is, for example, a motor for rotating a tool attached to the turret 120.

The tool holding device 140 is a device that holds the tool 150 so that it can be switched between rotating and fixing the tool 150. The tool 150 has a first portion 151 extending in a first direction, a second portion 152 extending from an end of the first portion 151 in a second direction intersecting the first direction, and a distal end of the second portion 152. The tool has a blade portion 153 at the top. In FIG. 1, when the first portion 151 is viewed so that the first direction is parallel to the Z axis, the second portion 152 extends in +X direction from the −Z side end of the first portion 151 toward the −Z direction. curved in the direction. The blade portion 153 is the cutting edge of the tool 150 that processes the inner wall portion I1 of the workpiece W1. The tool holding device 140 holds the first portion 151 of the tool 150 at a predetermined specific position. By holding the specific position in the first portion 151 of the tool 150 by the tool holding device 140, the control device 170 can specify the position of the blade portion 153 when the tool holding device 140 holds the tool 150. The tool holding device 140 includes a mechanism for rotating the tool 150 and a mechanism for braking the mechanism for rotating the tool 150. The tool holding device 140 uses a mechanism for rotating the tool 150 to rotate the tool 150 around the rotation axis AX3 when inserting the tool 150 into the cavity C1 through the opening A1 of the workpiece W1. The tool holding device 140 uses a mechanism that brakes a mechanism for rotating the tool 150 to fix the tool 150 when processing the inner wall portion I1 of the workpiece W1. In FIG. 1, the rotation axis AX3 is an axis perpendicular to the ZX plane.

The brake drive unit 160 is a device that drives a mechanism that brakes a mechanism that rotates the tool 150. The brake drive unit 160 drives a mechanism that brakes a mechanism that rotates the tool 150 using air, for example.

The control device 170 is a device that controls various operations of the machine tool 100. The control device 170 controls the rotational operation of the chuck 110, for example. The control device 170 controls, for example, the movement and rotation of the turret 120. The control device 170 controls the rotation drive unit 130, for example. The control device 170 controls the brake drive unit 160, for example. Control device 170 is an example of a control section.

FIG. 3 is a side sectional view schematically showing an example of the configuration of the tool holding device 140. The tool holding device 140 includes a housing section 141, a turning mechanism 142, a holding section 143, and a braking section 144.

The accommodating part 141 is a part that accommodates the turning mechanism 142 and the braking part 144. The accommodating portion 141 has a first opening 141A and a second opening 141B.

The turning mechanism 142 is a mechanism for turning the holding part 143. The turning mechanism 142 includes a first shaft 142A, a second shaft 142B, and a turning section 142C.

The first shaft 142A is a rotating shaft for transmitting the power of the rotational drive unit 130 to the second shaft 142B. The first shaft 142A is exposed from the first opening 141A, and one end is connected to the rotation drive unit 130 when the tool holding device 140 is attached to the turret 120. The first shaft 142A has a first gear CW1 at the other end.

The second shaft 142B is a rotating shaft for transmitting the power of the first shaft 142A to the rotating part 142C. In FIG. 3, the second shaft 142B is supported by the first bearing B1. The second shaft 142B has a second gear CW2 at one end. The first gear CW1 and the second gear CW2 constitute a gear pair. The second shaft 142B has a third gear CW3 at the other end.

The turning part 142C is a component that turns the holding part 143 around the turning axis AX3. In FIG. 3, the rotating portion 142C is supported by a second bearing B2. The rotating portion 142C has a cylindrical surface portion CS1 and a plane portion P1 that intersects with the generatrix of the cylindrical surface portion CS1. The cylindrical surface portion CS1 has a fourth gear CW4. The third gear CW3 and the fourth gear CW4 constitute a gear pair. The plane portion P1 is exposed from the second opening 141B and is fixed to the holding portion 143. The rotating section 142C is driven by the rotational drive section 130 via the first shaft 142A and the second shaft 142B.

The holding part 143 is a component that holds the tool 150. The holding part 143 includes a support part 143A and a head part 143B.

The support portion 143A is a component that supports the head portion 143B. The support portion 143A is fixed to the rotating portion 142C and the head portion 143B.

The head portion 143B is a component to which the tool 150 is attached. The head portion 143B includes a tool attachment portion TM2 to which the first portion 151 of the tool 150 is attached. The head portion 143B is fixed to the support portion 143A so that the axis of the first portion 151 of the tool 150 intersects the rotation axis AX3 when the tool 150 is attached.

Since the turret 120 is movable in the Z direction and the X direction, and the tool holding device 140 is attached to the turret 120, the holding part 143 is movable in the Z direction and the X direction. Since the rotating portion 142C is pivotable around the pivot axis AX3, the holding portion 143 is pivotable around the pivot axis AX3.

The brake part 144 is a mechanism that brakes the rotation of the holding part 143. The braking unit 144 includes a curvic coupling 145, a regulating pin 146, and a cylinder 147.

The curvic coupling 145 is a component that brakes the turning of the turning section 142C. The curvic coupling 145 is provided inside the cylindrical surface portion CS1 of the rotating portion 142C. The curvic coupling 145 includes a first coupling 145A, a second coupling 145B, and a third coupling 145C.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view schematically showing an example of the configuration of the first coupling 145A and the second coupling 145B. FIG. 5 is a perspective view schematically showing an example of the configuration of the third coupling 145C. FIG. 6 is a perspective view schematically showing an example of a state in which the third coupling 145C is engaged with the first coupling 145A and the second coupling 145B.

The first coupling 145A is an annular component. The first coupling 145A has a first tooth surface portion TS1 that is perpendicular to the rotation axis AX3 and faces the third coupling 145C. The first tooth surface portion TS1 has a plurality of first recesses T1 extending in the radial direction. The first recess T1 is an example of a first tooth. The first coupling 145A includes a first flange portion F1 provided on the outer periphery of the first tooth surface portion TS1. The first flange portion F1 is fixed to the cylindrical surface portion CS1 of the rotating portion 142C. Since the first coupling 145A is fixed to the rotating portion 142C, it can rotate together with the rotating portion 142C.

The second coupling 145B is an annular component provided concentrically with respect to the first coupling 145A. The second coupling 145B has a second tooth surface portion TS2 that is perpendicular to the rotation axis AX3 and faces the third coupling 145C. The second tooth surface portion TS2 has a second recess T2 extending in the radial direction. The number of second recesses T2 is the same as the number of first recesses T1 of the first coupling 145A. The first coupling 145A has a pin insertion portion PI1 into which the regulation pin 146 is inserted. The second recess T2 is an example of a second tooth. The surface of the second coupling 145B opposite to the second tooth surface portion TS2 is fixed to the housing portion 141. Since the second coupling 145B is fixed to the accommodating portion 141, it does not turn even if the turning portion 142C turns.

The third coupling 145C is an annular component provided movably along the pivot axis AX3. The third coupling 145C has a third tooth surface portion TS3 that is perpendicular to the rotation axis AX3 and faces the first coupling 145A and the second coupling 145B. The third tooth surface portion TS3 has a convex portion T3 extending in the radial direction. The number of protrusions T3 is the same as the number of first recesses T1 of first coupling 145A and second recesses T2 of second coupling 145B. The convex portion T3 is an example of a third tooth portion. The third coupling 145C has a pin fixing part PM1 into which the regulating pin 146 is inserted and fixed. A surface of the third coupling 145C opposite to the third tooth surface portion TS3 is attached to the cylinder 147. The third coupling 145C is arranged by the cylinder 147 at a position where the convex part T3 engages with the first concave part T1 and the second concave part T2, and a position where the convex part T3 does not engage with the first concave part T1 and the second concave part T2. It is possible to move.

Returning to the description of FIG. 3, the regulating pin 146 is a rod-shaped component that regulates positional deviation in the circumferential direction between the second coupling 145B and the third coupling 145C. One end of the regulation pin 146 is inserted and fixed into the pin fixing part PM1 of the third coupling 145C. The other end of the restriction pin 146 is inserted into the pin insertion portion PI1 of the second coupling 145B. The regulating pin 146 has a length that does not come off from the pin insertion portion PI1 of the second coupling 145B even if the third coupling 145C moves to a position where the convex portion T3 does not engage with the first concave portion T1 and the second concave portion T2. It has a certain quality. Since the regulating pin 146 does not come out from the pin insertion portion PI1 even if the third coupling 145C moves, the regulating pin 146 regulates positional deviation in the circumferential direction between the second coupling 145B and the third coupling 145C. . The regulating pin 146 is an example of a displacement regulating section.

The cylinder 147 is an actuator that performs linear motion. The cylinder 147 includes a shaft portion 147A, a piston 147B, and a piston rod 147C.

The shaft portion 147A is a rod-shaped component that defines the direction in which the piston 147B and the piston rod 147C operate. The shaft portion 147A is fixed to the accommodating portion 141 such that the axis of the shaft portion 147A overlaps the rotation axis AX3.

The piston 147B is a component that operates by air pressure received in the cylinder chamber and transmits mechanical force or movement. Piston 147B is fixed to piston rod 147C. The brake drive unit 160 supplies air to the cylinder chamber to apply air pressure to the cylinder chamber. In FIG. 3, the piston 147B moves in the +Y direction due to the air pressure received in the first cylinder chamber CC1, and moves in the -Y direction due to the air pressure received in the second cylinder chamber CC2.

The piston rod 147C is a component that transmits force or movement from the piston 147B. Piston rod 147C is attached to piston 147B. The piston rod 147C includes a flange portion F2. The third coupling 145C is fixed to the flange portion F2.

FIG. 7 is a side cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a state in which the turning section 142C can turn.

When inserting the tool 150 into the cavity C1 through the opening A1 of the workpiece W1, the brake drive unit 160 supplies air to the first cylinder chamber CC1 to apply air pressure to the first cylinder chamber CC1. When air pressure is applied to the first cylinder chamber CC1, the piston 147B moves in the +Y direction due to the air pressure received in the first cylinder chamber CC1. When the piston 147B moves in the +Y direction, the third coupling 145C fixed to the piston rod 147C moves to a position where the convex portion T3 does not engage with the first concave portion T1 and the second concave portion T2. When the convex portion T3 is not engaged with the first concave portion T1 and the second concave portion T2, the first coupling 145A becomes pivotable. By enabling the first coupling 145A to rotate, the rotating portion 142C fixed to the first coupling 145A can rotate the holding portion 143 when inserting the tool 150 into the cavity C1 of the workpiece W1. .

FIG. 8 is a side cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a state in which the turning portion 142C cannot turn.

When processing the inner wall portion I1 of the workpiece W1, the brake drive unit 160 supplies air to the second cylinder chamber CC2 to apply air pressure to the second cylinder chamber CC2. When air pressure is applied to the second cylinder chamber CC2, the piston 147B moves in the −Y direction due to the air pressure received in the second cylinder chamber CC2. When the piston 147B moves in the −Y direction, the third coupling 145C fixed to the piston rod 147C moves to a position where the convex portion T3 engages with the first concave portion T1 and the second concave portion T2. When the convex portion T3 is engaged with the first concave portion T1 and the second concave portion T2, the first coupling 145A becomes unable to rotate. Since the first coupling 145A cannot be turned, the turning part 142C fixed to the first coupling 145A cannot turn the holding part 143 when machining the inner wall part I1 of the workpiece W1.

FIG. 9 is a diagram schematically showing an example of control processing before starting machining of the inner wall portion I1 of the workpiece W1. As an initial state in the following description, the turning section 142C is in a state where it can turn.

When processing the inner wall portion I1 of the workpiece W1, the control device 170 starts controlling the turret 120 and the rotation drive unit 130 so that the tool 150 is inserted into the cavity C1 through the opening A1 of the workpiece W1. (S101).

It is assumed that the diameter of the opening A1 of the workpiece W1 is smaller than the length of the second portion 152 of the tool 150. If the diameter of the opening A1 is smaller than the length of the second portion 152, the control device 170 controls the turret 120 and the rotation drive unit 130 so that the tool 150 is inserted while moving and turning (S102). In S102, the control device 170 controls the turret 120 to move the tool 150, and controls the rotation drive unit 130 to rotate the tool 150.

The machine tool 100 continues the control process of S102 until the tool 150 is inserted into the cavity C1 of the workpiece W1 (S103; NO → S102).

10 to 13 are diagrams schematically showing an example of a procedure for inserting the tool 150 into the cavity C1 through the opening A1. In the initial state in the following description, the tool 150 has the blade portion 153 facing the +X direction and is at the same position in the Y direction with respect to the opening A1 of the workpiece W1. The tool holding device 140 is located at a position where the pivot axis AX3 is shifted in the +X direction from the opening A1 of the workpiece W1.

The control device 170 controls the rotation drive unit 130 to rotate the tool 150 so that the tool 150 is in a posture that allows the second portion 152 of the tool 150 to be inserted into the opening A1 of the workpiece W1. In FIG. 10, the control device 170 rotates the tool 150 counterclockwise when viewed from the +Y direction side.

Next, the control device 170 controls the turret 120 to move the tool 150 so that the second portion 152 of the tool 150 is inserted into the opening A1 of the workpiece W1. In FIG. 10, the control device 170 is moving the tool 150 in the −Z direction.

Next, the control device 170 controls the turret 120 to move the tool 150 so that the first portion 151 of the tool 150 is inserted into the opening A1, and controls the rotation drive unit 130 to rotate the tool 150. do. In FIG. 11, the control device 170 moves the tool 150 in the -X direction and the -Z direction, and rotates the tool 150 clockwise when viewed from the +Y direction side. In FIG. 12, the control device 170 further moves the tool 150 in the -X direction and the -Z direction, and further rotates the tool 150 clockwise when viewed from the +Y direction side.

Returning to the explanation of FIG. 9, when the tool 150 is inserted into the cavity C1 of the workpiece W1 (S103; YES), the control device 170 stops the movement of the tool 150 and stops the rotation of the tool 150 (S104). . The control device 170 controls the rotation drive unit 130 to stop the rotating part 142C at an angle that allows the convex part T3 of the third coupling 145C to engage with the first recess T1 of the first coupling 145A. do. In FIG. 13, the control device 170 stops the movement of the tool 150 and stops the rotation of the tool 150 when the blade portion 153 of the tool 150 inserted into the cavity C1 faces the inner wall portion I1 of the workpiece W1. ing.

When the movement and rotation of the tool 150 is stopped, the control device 170 controls the brake drive unit 160 to apply air pressure to the second cylinder chamber CC2 so that the rotation by the rotation unit 142C is braked (S105). . As described above, when air is supplied to the second cylinder chamber CC2, the piston 147B moves in the −Y direction due to the air pressure received in the second cylinder chamber CC2. When the piston 147B moves in the −Y direction, the third coupling 145C fixed to the piston rod 147C moves to a position where the convex portion T3 engages with the first concave portion T1 and the second concave portion T2. When the convex portion T3 is engaged with the first concave portion T1 and the second concave portion T2, the first coupling 145A becomes unable to rotate. As the first coupling 145A becomes unswivelable, the swiveling portion 142C fixed to the first coupling 145A becomes unswivelable.

When the rotation by the rotation unit 142C is braked, the control device 170 controls the chuck 110 and the turret 120 so that the inner wall portion I1 of the workpiece W1 is machined (S106). In S106, the control device 170 controls the chuck 110 to rotate the chuck 110 so that the workpiece W1 is rotated. In S106, the control device 170 controls the turret 120 to move the tool 150 so that the depth of cut in machining is defined. In FIG. 13, control device 170 moves turret 120 in the X direction. That is, the X direction is a direction that defines the depth of cut in machining the inner wall portion I1 of the workpiece W1.

FIG. 14 is a diagram schematically showing an example of the control process after finishing the machining of the inner wall portion I1 of the workpiece W1. As an initial state in the following description, the turning section 142C is in a non-turnable state.

When the machining of the inner wall portion I1 of the workpiece W1 is completed, the control device 170 controls the brake drive unit 160 to apply air pressure to the first cylinder chamber CC1 so that the rotation brake by the rotation unit 142C is released. (S201). As described above, when air is supplied to the first cylinder chamber CC1, the piston 147B moves in the +Y direction due to the air pressure received in the first cylinder chamber CC1. When the piston 147B moves in the +Y direction, the third coupling 145C fixed to the piston rod 147C moves to a position where the convex portion T3 does not engage with the first concave portion T1 and the second concave portion T2. When the convex portion T3 is not engaged with the first concave portion T1 and the second concave portion T2, the first coupling 145A becomes pivotable. By enabling the first coupling 145A to pivot, the pivoting portion 142C fixed to the first coupling 145A becomes pivotable.

When the braking of the swing by the swing unit 142C is released, the control device 170 starts controlling the turret 120 and the rotation drive unit 130 so that the tool 150 is taken out of the workpiece W1 (S202).

If the diameter of the opening A1 is smaller than the length of the second portion 152, the control device 170 controls the turret 120 and the rotation drive unit 130 so that the tool 150 is taken out while moving and turning (S203). In S203, the control device 170 controls the turret 120 to move the tool 150, and controls the rotation drive unit 130 to rotate the tool 150. The procedure for taking out the tool 150 from the outside of the workpiece W1 is the reverse procedure of inserting the tool 150 into the cavity C1 through the opening A1.

The machine tool 100 continues the control process of S203 until the tool 150 is taken out from the workpiece W1 (S204; NO→S203).

When the tool 150 is taken out of the workpiece W1 (SN is 204; YES), the control device 170 stops the movement of the tool 150 and stops the rotation of the tool 150 (S104).

The machine tool 100 in the above embodiment is a machine that processes the workpiece W1 while rotating it. The work W1 has a cavity C1 formed inside and an opening A1 communicating from the cavity C1 to the outside of the work W1. The machine tool 100 includes a first portion 151 extending in a first direction, a second portion 152 extending from an end of the first portion 151 in a second direction intersecting the first direction, and a blade for machining an inner wall portion I1 of a workpiece W1. A tool 150 having a portion 153 is provided. Machine tool 100 includes a holding portion 143 that holds first portion 151 of tool 150 . The machine tool 100 includes a turning section 142C that turns the holding section 143 around a turning axis AX3 that is perpendicular to a plane parallel to the first direction and the second direction. The machine tool 100 includes a braking section 144 that brakes the turning by the turning section 142C. The turning section 142C turns the holding section 143 when inserting the tool 150 into the cavity C1 through the opening A1. The brake part 144 brakes the turning by the turning part 142C when processing the inner wall part I1. The machine tool 100 can switch between rotating the tool 150 and fixing the tool 150 while holding the tool 150, and can efficiently process the inner wall I1 of the workpiece W1 having the cavity C1.

The machine tool 100 in the above embodiment includes a housing section 141 that houses the swing section 142C and the brake section 144. The braking section 144 includes a curvic coupling 145 provided inside the turning section 142C. The curvic coupling 145 includes an annular first coupling 145A that is fixed to the rotating portion 142C and has a first recess T1. The curvic coupling 145 is provided concentrically with respect to the first coupling 145A, is fixed to the housing portion 141, and includes an annular second coupling 145B having a second recess T2. The curvic coupling 145 is provided so as to be movable in the axial direction of the rotating portion 142C, and includes an annular third coupling 145C having a convex portion T3. The rotating portion 142C can rotate the holding portion 143 when the convex portion T3 is not engaged with the first recess T1 and the second recess T2. The rotating portion 142C cannot rotate the holding portion 143 when the convex portion T3 is engaged with the first recess T1 and the second recess T2. The machine tool 100 can use the curvic coupling 145 to switch between rotating the tool 150 and fixing the tool 150.

The machine tool 100 in the above embodiment includes a control device 170 that controls the turning of the turning section 142C. The braking portion 144 includes a regulating pin 146 that regulates positional deviation in the circumferential direction between the second coupling 145B and the third coupling 145C. The control device 170 stops the rotating portion 142C at an angle that allows the convex portion T3 to engage with the first concave portion T1. The machine tool 100 can prevent misalignment caused by misalignment of the third coupling 145C with respect to the first coupling 145A and the second coupling 145B in the circumferential direction.

The machine tool 100 in the above embodiment includes a turret 120 on which a tool is attached. The machine tool 100 includes a rotation drive section 130 that rotationally drives a tool attached to a turret 120. The rotation section 142C is driven by the rotation drive section 130. The machine tool 100 can rotate the tool 150 using a general-purpose turret 120.

Although the present invention has been described above using the embodiments, the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the range described in the above embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes or improvements can be made to the embodiments described above. Moreover, matters described with respect to a particular embodiment can be applied to other embodiments within a technically consistent range. It is clear from the claims that forms with such changes or improvements may also be included within the technical scope of the present application. In addition, to the extent permitted by law, the disclosures of Japanese Patent Application No. 2022-046837, which is a Japanese patent application, and all documents cited in the embodiments, etc. are incorporated into the description of the main text.

The third coupling 145C in the above embodiment has the same number of protrusions T3 as the number of first recesses T1 of the first coupling 145A and the number of second recesses T2 of the second coupling 145B. The convex portions T3 only need to be able to engage with the first concave portions T1 and the second concave portions T2, and are not limited to the same number as the number of the first concave portions T1 and the number of the second concave portions T2. The number of convex portions T3 may be smaller than the number of first concave portions T1. The number of convex portions T3 may be smaller than the number of second concave portions T2. The number of convex portions T3 may be smaller than the number of first concave portions T1 and the number of second concave portions T2.

The curvic coupling 145 in the above embodiment has a first recess T1 as a first tooth, a second recess T2 as a second tooth, and a convex T3 as a third tooth. The curvic coupling 145 only needs to be able to engage the third tooth portion with the first tooth portion and the second tooth portion, and which tooth portion is concave and which tooth portion is convex. , is optional. The curvic coupling 145 may have a convex first tooth, a convex second tooth, and a concave third tooth. The curvic coupling 145 has a concave first tooth portion, a convex second tooth portion, a convex portion that meshes with the first tooth portion, and a concave portion that meshes with the second tooth portion. It may have a third tooth portion. The curvic coupling 145 has a convex first tooth portion, a concave second tooth portion, a concave portion that meshes with the first tooth portion, and a convex portion that meshes with the second tooth portion. It may have a third tooth portion.

The curvic coupling 145 in the above embodiment has a first recess T1 extending in the radial direction as a first tooth, a second recess T2 extending in the radial direction as a second tooth, and a third recess T1 as a third tooth. It has a convex portion T3 extending in the radial direction. The curvic coupling 145 is not limited to a shape extending in the radial direction, as long as the third tooth portion can be engaged with the first tooth portion and the second tooth portion. The curvic coupling 145 has a first tooth portion extending in the circumferential direction, a second tooth portion extending in the circumferential direction, a portion meshing with the first tooth portion and a portion meshing with the second tooth portion each extending in the circumferential direction. It may have three teeth. The curvic coupling 145 has a first tooth portion extending in the radial direction, a second tooth portion extending in the circumferential direction, a portion meshing with the first tooth portion extending in the radial direction, and a portion meshing with the first tooth portion extending in the radial direction. The engaging portion may include a third tooth portion extending in the circumferential direction. The curvic coupling 145 has a first tooth portion extending in the circumferential direction, a second tooth portion extending in the radial direction, a portion meshing with the first tooth portion extending in the circumferential direction, and a portion meshing with the first tooth portion extending in the circumferential direction. The engaging portion may include a third tooth portion extending in the radial direction.

The braking unit 144 in the above embodiment includes a curvic coupling 145. The braking section 144 only needs to be able to brake the turning by the turning section 142C, and is not limited to the configuration including the curvic coupling 145.

FIG. 15 is a side sectional view schematically showing a modification of the configuration of the tool holding device 140. The braking unit 144 of the tool holding device 140 in the modified example includes a friction material 148 and a brake device 149. The brake device 149 is a device that presses the friction material 148 against the rotating portion 142C. The brake device 149 is provided inside the cylindrical surface portion CS1 of the rotating portion 142C, and is operated by air pressure received in the pressure chamber PC1. The brake drive unit 160 supplies air to the pressure chamber PC1 to apply air pressure to the pressure chamber PC1, and removes air from the pressure chamber PC1 to lower the air pressure in the pressure chamber PC1. In FIG. 15, the brake device 149 presses the friction material 148 against the inner surface of the cylindrical surface portion CS1 of the rotating portion 142C by the air pressure received in the pressure chamber PC1.

When inserting the tool 150 into the cavity C1 through the opening A1 of the workpiece W1, the brake drive unit 160 removes air from the pressure chamber PC1 to lower the air pressure in the pressure chamber PC1. When the air pressure in the pressure chamber PC1 decreases, the brake device 149 releases the pressing of the friction material 148 against the rotating portion 142C. Since the friction material 148 is not pressed, the turning section 142C can turn the holding section 143 when inserting the tool 150 into the cavity C1 through the opening A1 of the workpiece W1.

When processing the inner wall portion I1 of the workpiece W1, the brake drive unit 160 supplies air to the pressure chamber PC1 to apply air pressure to the pressure chamber PC1. When air pressure is applied to the pressure chamber PC1, the brake device 149 presses the friction material 148 against the rotating portion 142C. By being pressed against the friction material 148, the rotating portion 142C is unable to rotate the holding portion 143 when machining the inner wall portion I1 of the workpiece W1.

In the machine tool 100 in the above modification, the braking section 144 includes a braking device 149 that presses the friction material 148 against the rotating section 142C. The rotating portion 142C can rotate the holding portion 143 when the friction material 148 is not pressed. The rotating portion 142C cannot rotate the holding portion 143 when the friction material 148 is pressed.

The tool rest in the above embodiment and the above modification is the turret 120. The tool post is not limited to the turret 120 as long as it is capable of attaching the tool holding device 140. The tool rest may be, for example, a square tool rest. A square turret is a turret that attaches knives on all sides and can rotate.

The execution order of each process such as operation, procedure, step, and stage in the apparatus shown in the claims, specification, and drawings is not specifically specified as "before" or "prior to". Furthermore, it should be noted that each process can be executed in any order unless the output of a previous process is used in a subsequent process. Even if "first", "next", etc. are used to explain the claims, specification, and operational flows in the drawings for convenience, this does not mean that it is essential to implement them in this order. do not have.

100 machine tool, 110 chuck, 120 turret, 130 rotation drive unit, 140 tool holding device, 141 storage unit, 141A first opening, 141B second opening, 142 turning mechanism, 142A first shaft, 142B second shaft, 142C Swivel part, 143 Holding part, 143A Support part, 143B Head part, 144 Braking part, 145 Curvic coupling, 145A First coupling, 145B Second coupling, 145C Third coupling, 146 Regulation pin, 147 Cylinder , 147A shaft part, 147B piston, 147C piston rod, 148 friction material, 149 brake device, 150 tool, 151 first part, 152 second part, 153 blade part, 160 brake drive part, 170 control device, A1 opening, AX1 main shaft, AX2 turret rotation axis, AX3 rotation axis, B1 first bearing, B2 second bearing, C1 cavity, CC1 first cylinder chamber, CC2 second cylinder chamber, CS1 cylindrical surface, CW1 first gear, CW2 second Gear, CW3 third gear, CW4 fourth gear, CX1 cylindrical surface part, F1 first flange part, F2 second flange part, I1 inner wall part, P1 plane part, PC1 pressure chamber, PI1 pin insertion part, PM1 pin fixing part, T1 first recess, T2 second recess, T3 convex, TM1 tool mounting part, TM2 tool mounting part, TS1 first tooth surface, TS2 second tooth surface, TS3 third tooth surface, W1 workpiece

Claims

A machine tool that processes a workpiece while rotating it,
The workpiece has a cavity formed inside and an opening communicating from the cavity to the outside of the workpiece,
a tool having a first portion extending in a first direction, a second portion extending from an end of the first portion in a second direction intersecting the first direction, and a blade portion for processing an inner wall portion of the work;
a holding part that holds the first part;
a turning part that turns the holding part around an axis perpendicular to a plane parallel to the first direction and the second direction;
A braking unit that brakes the turning by the turning unit,
The pivoting section pivots the holding section when inserting the tool into the cavity through the opening,
The braking section is a machine tool that brakes turning by the turning section when machining the inner wall section.
comprising an accommodating part that accommodates the rotating part and the braking part,
The braking part includes a curvic coupling provided inside the turning part,
The curvic coupling is
an annular first coupling fixed to the pivot portion and having a first tooth portion;
an annular second coupling provided concentrically with the first coupling, fixed to the accommodating portion, and having a second tooth portion;
an annular third coupling that is movable in the axial direction of the rotating portion and has a third tooth portion;
The rotating part is
When the third tooth portion is not engaged with the first tooth portion and the second tooth portion, the holding portion can be rotated,
The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the holding part cannot be rotated when the third tooth part is engaged with the first tooth part and the second tooth part.
comprising a control unit that controls the rotation of the rotation unit,
The braking section includes a positional displacement regulating section that restricts positional displacement between the second coupling and the third coupling in the circumferential direction,
The machine tool according to claim 2, wherein the control section stops the rotating section at an angle that allows the third tooth section to mesh with the first tooth section.
The braking section includes a braking device that presses a friction material against the rotating section,
The rotating part is
When the friction material is not pressed, the holding part can be rotated,
The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the holding part cannot be rotated when the friction material is pressed.
A turret for attaching tools,
a rotational drive unit that rotationally drives a tool attached to the tool rest,
The machine tool according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the turning section is driven by the rotational drive section.
The machine tool according to claim 5, wherein the tool rest is a turret that radially attaches a plurality of tools and performs rotation indexing.