WO2023178913A1

WO2023178913A1 - Hydrogen impurity purification apparatus used for fuel cell

Info

Publication number: WO2023178913A1
Application number: PCT/CN2022/112624
Authority: WO
Inventors: 方川; 曹季冬; 李飞强; 张国强
Original assignee: 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司
Priority date: 2022-03-23
Filing date: 2022-08-15
Publication date: 2023-09-28
Also published as: CN114377525B; CN114377525A

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells. Provided in the present invention is a hydrogen impurity purification apparatus used for a fuel cell, solving a problem of limited utilization caused by multiple processes, complex devices and large occupied area in existing PSA technology. The apparatus comprises a solid-state electrochemical reactor and a controller, wherein the solid-state electrochemical reactor further comprises an anode diffusion electrode layer, an electrolyte layer used for transferring oxygen ions, a cathode diffusion electrode layer and a reference electrode, two sides of the anode diffusion electrode layer are respectively provided with an inlet of hydrogen to be purified and an outlet of purified hydrogen, the cathode diffusion electrode layer is in contact with air, and is isolated from the anode diffusion electrode layer by means of the electrolyte layer, the reference electrode is arranged in the electrolyte layer, and the controller is used for controlling, after being started, a potential of the anode diffusion electrode layer of the solid-state electrochemical reactor to be an oxidation-reduction potential of impurities, so that the impurities produce an oxidation-reduction reaction to be converted into other component substances which do not influence or slightly influence the fuel cell.

Description

A hydrogen impurity purification device for fuel cells

Technical field

The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular to a hydrogen impurity purification device for fuel cells.

Background technique

Among the existing hydrogen purification technologies, pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is the most widely used. The physical process involved is to pass dry hydrogen containing impurities into the adsorption tower from bottom to top, using molecular sieves to adsorb hydrogen and impurities at different pressures, adsorbing and removing impurities in the tower, and collecting pure hydrogen at the outlet. When the adsorption reaches saturation, it enters the decompression and regeneration process, and the adsorbed impurities are desorbed and discharged. The four adsorption towers alternately adsorb and regenerate to complete the purification of hydrogen.

PSA technology is based on the physical adsorption of gas molecules on the internal surface of porous solid material adsorbents. It uses the adsorbent to easily adsorb high boiling point components, difficult to adsorb low boiling point components and the adsorbed component under high pressure under the same pressure. It achieves the separation of impurities by increasing and reducing the adsorption capacity under low pressure, and has the advantages of low energy consumption and fast regeneration speed.

However, PSA technology requires many processes, complex equipment, and occupies a large area, which is not conducive to portability and limits its use scenarios. Moreover, the pressure swing adsorption process is more complex, and the adsorption and desorption processes involve multiple valves and reaction towers. , precise control is required to complete the above purification process.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above analysis, embodiments of the present invention aim to provide a hydrogen impurity purification device for fuel cells to solve the problems of existing PSA technology with many procedures, complex equipment, and large occupied area, resulting in limited use.

On the one hand, embodiments of the present invention provide a hydrogen impurity purification device for a fuel cell, including a solid-state electrochemical reactor and a controller; wherein,

The solid-state electrochemical reactor further includes an anode diffusion electrode layer (4), an electrolyte layer (6), a cathode diffusion electrode layer (5) and a reference electrode (3); the electrolyte layer (6) is used to transport oxygen ions; the anode diffusion electrode Both sides of the layer (4) are respectively provided with an inlet for hydrogen to be purified and an outlet for purified hydrogen; the cathode diffusion electrode layer (5) is in contact with the air, and is isolated from the anode diffusion electrode layer (4) by an electrolyte layer (6); refer to The specific electrode (3) is located in the electrolyte layer (6);

A controller for controlling the potential of the anode diffusion electrode layer (4) of the solid-state electrochemical reactor to be the redox potential of the impurity after startup; and for adjusting the solid-state electrochemical reactor in real time based on the electrical signal fed back by the reference electrode (3) The supply current or voltage causes the impurities to undergo oxidation-reduction reactions and convert them into other components that have no or less impact on the fuel cell.

The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: by taking advantage of the difference in the redox potential of different gas components, or combining the differences in the adsorption characteristics of different gas components and catalysts, applying a specific potential will oxidize impurities that have a greater impact on the fuel cell into fuel cells without Other component substances that have less impact or less impact. This device has small size, high efficiency, simple process condition requirements and control, and can remove gas impurities online. It is widely used in automotive fuel cells, chemical reactors and other applications.

Based on further improvement of the above device, the impurities include at least one of carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen oxides, and ammonia; and,

The hydrogen purification device is used to convert carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide, or convert hydrogen sulfide into sulfuric acid, or convert nitrogen oxides into nitrogen and oxygen, or convert ammonia into nitrogen and water.

Further, catalysts are evenly distributed in the anode diffusion electrode layer (4) and the cathode diffusion electrode layer (5); and,

The catalyst is a metal oxide.

Further, for carbon monoxide or hydrogen sulfide impurities, the catalyst includes nickel oxide;

For nitrogen oxide or ammonia impurities, the catalyst includes zirconium oxide.

Furthermore, the controller is also used to control the operating temperature of the solid-state electrochemical reactor, the humidity and pressure of the gas at the inlet of the hydrogen to be purified according to the type of the impurity, so that the redox activity of the catalyst is the highest.

Further, an air inlet and an air outlet are respectively provided on both sides of the cathode diffusion electrode layer (5); wherein,

At least one of the air inlets and air outlets is provided with an oxygen pump for pumping oxygen into or out of the hydrogen impurity purification device.

Further, the controller further includes:

A potentiostat (7), whose input end is connected to the reference electrode (3), and whose output end is connected to the anode diffusion electrode layer (4), is used to adjust solid-state electrochemistry in real time according to the electrical signal fed back by the reference electrode (3) The anode supply current or voltage of the reactor keeps the potential of the anode diffusion electrode layer (4) always maintained at the oxidation potential of impurities to improve the purification of hydrogen;

Temperature control modules, located at both ends of the electrolyte layer, are used to control the operating temperature of the solid-state electrochemical reactor according to the type of impurities and maintain the conductivity of the electrolyte through heating;

The gas humidity control module is respectively located at the front end of the hydrogen inlet to be purified and the air inlet, and is used to control the gas humidity of the hydrogen inlet to be purified and the air inlet;

The gas pressure control module is respectively located at the front end of the hydrogen inlet to be purified and the air inlet, and is used to control the gas pressure of the hydrogen gas inlet to be purified and the air inlet.

Further, the gas pressure control module is divided into a hydrogen pressure control sub-module to be purified and an air pressure control sub-module; wherein,

The hydrogen pressure control sub-module to be purified further includes: connected in sequence:

A gas pressure sensor, located at the inlet of the hydrogen to be purified in the solid-state electrochemical reactor, used to collect the gas pressure at the inlet of the hydrogen to be purified and send it to the hydrogen pressure analysis control sub-module;

The hydrogen pressure analysis control submodule is used to compare the received gas pressure at the inlet of hydrogen to be purified with the preset value, and send a control signal to the pressure reducing valve according to the comparison result to adjust the opening of the pressure reducing valve so that the inlet of hydrogen to be purified The gas pressure at the location reaches the preset value;

The pressure reducing valve is located at the front end of the hydrogen inlet to be purified in the solid-state electrochemical reactor.

Further, the controller also includes an impurity concentration monitoring module; wherein,

The impurity concentration monitoring module further includes a current sensor (2) and an impurity concentration analysis sub-module;

The current sensor (2) is located on the branch connecting the anode diffusion electrode layer (4) and the cathode diffusion electrode layer (5), and is used to obtain information between the anode diffusion electrode layer (4) and the cathode diffusion electrode layer (5). The current is sent to the impurity concentration analysis sub-module;

The impurity concentration analysis sub-module is used to obtain the impurity concentration in the hydrogen to be purified based on the current obtained by the current sensor (2) and combined with the impurity type.

Further, the impurity concentration monitoring module also includes an impurity concentration sensor; wherein,

The impurity concentration sensor is located on the inner wall of the purified hydrogen outlet pipe of the solid-state electrochemical reactor and is used to obtain the concentration of each impurity in the purified hydrogen;

The impurity concentration analysis sub-module is also used to compare the impurity concentration in the hydrogen to be purified with the impurity concentration in the purified hydrogen to obtain a value indicating the impurity purification effect.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects:

1. Using electrochemical principles for online purification of hydrogen, it can be widely used in various fuel cell systems. It can purify trace amounts of carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen oxides, ammonia and other impurities in hydrogen to avoid poisoning the fuel cell system catalyst or affecting the purity of the product. It can reduce the hydrogen purity requirements of the fuel cell system and expand the hydrogen source of the fuel cell system.

2. It has small size, high efficiency and simple device. It can be used for online purification on fuel cell vehicles and as a mobile purification device.

3. The extraction and purification process is low in complexity, adapts to a wide range of conditions, can withstand a wide range of temperature and humidity, and has low requirements for control. Use a potentiostat to precisely control the potential to prevent low purification effects caused by potential deviation.

4. Select a catalyst that is selective for impurities and cooperate with potential control to achieve electrocatalytic selective removal of impurities.

5. A heating device is integrated inside to maintain the conductivity of the ionic electrolyte.

This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the disclosure, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the disclosure.

Description of the drawings

The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent by describing the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein, in the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the same reference numerals generally represent Same parts.

Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the composition of a hydrogen impurity purification device for a fuel cell in Embodiment 1;

Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the composition of a hydrogen impurity purification device for a fuel cell in Embodiment 2.

Reference signs:

1-controller; 2-current sensor; 3-reference electrode; 4-anode diffusion electrode layer; 5-cathode diffusion electrode layer; 6-electrolyte layer; 7-potentiostat.

Detailed ways

Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

As used herein, the term "include" and its variations mean an open inclusion, ie, "including but not limited to." Unless otherwise stated, the term "or" means "and/or". The term "based on" means "based at least in part on." The terms "one example embodiment" and "an embodiment" mean "at least one example embodiment." The term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment". The terms "first," "second," etc. may refer to different or the same object. Other explicit and implicit definitions may be included below.

Example 1

One embodiment of the present invention discloses a hydrogen impurity purification device for a fuel cell, including a solid-state electrochemical reactor and a controller.

The solid-state electrochemical reactor further includes an anode diffusion electrode layer 4, an electrolyte layer 6, a cathode diffusion electrode layer 5 and a reference electrode 3. The electrolyte layer 6 is used to transport oxygen ions. Both sides of the anode diffusion electrode layer 4 are respectively provided with an inlet for the hydrogen to be purified and an outlet for the purified hydrogen. The cathode diffusion electrode layer 5 is in contact with the air, and is isolated from the anode diffusion electrode layer 4 by the electrolyte layer 6 . The reference electrode 3 is provided in the electrolyte layer 6, as shown in Figure 1.

The controller is used to control the potential of the anode diffusion electrode layer 4 of the solid-state electrochemical reactor to be the redox potential of the impurity after startup; and to adjust the power supply current of the solid-state electrochemical reactor in real time according to the electrical signal fed back by the reference electrode 3 or The voltage causes the impurities to undergo oxidation-reduction reactions and convert them into other components that have no or less impact on the fuel cell.

Compared with the existing technology, the device provided in this embodiment utilizes the difference in redox potential of different gas components, and can also combine the differences in adsorption characteristics of different gas components and catalysts. Applying a specific potential will have a greater impact on impurities in the fuel cell. Oxidation into other component substances that have no or less impact on the fuel cell. This device has small size, high efficiency, simple process condition requirements and control, and can remove gas impurities online. It is widely used in automotive fuel cells, chemical reactors and other applications.

Example 2

Improved on the basis of Embodiment 1, the impurities include at least one of carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen oxides, and ammonia. Furthermore, the hydrogen purification device is used to convert carbon monoxide (CO) into carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), or convert hydrogen sulfide (H ₂ S) into sulfuric acid (H ₂ SO ₄ ), or convert nitrogen oxides (NO _x ) into nitrogen (N ₂ ) and oxygen (O ₂ ), or ammonia (NH ₃ ) into nitrogen (N ₂ ) and water.

Preferably, the catalyst is evenly distributed in the anode diffusion electrode layer 4 and the cathode diffusion electrode layer 5; and the catalyst is a metal oxide.

Preferably, for carbon monoxide or hydrogen sulfide impurities, the catalyst includes nickel oxide; for nitrogen oxide or ammonia impurities, the catalyst includes zirconium oxide.

Preferably, preferably, the ionic electrolyte can be but not limited to Bi ₂ V _0.9 Cu _0.1 O _5.35-δ (see "Sintered Conductivity of Bi ₂ V _0.9 Cu _0.1 O _5.35-δ Ceramics" published by Zhang Feng et al. in the Journal of Wuhan University of Technology Properties and Phase Transformation Research"), Ce _0.9 Gd _0.1 O _1.95-δ , La _0.9 Sr _0.1 Ga _0.8 Mg _0.2 O _2.85-δ , (ZrO ₂ ) _0.9 (Y ₂ O ₃ ) _0.1 , etc. High conductivity can be guaranteed at a certain temperature.

Preferably, the controller is also used to control the operating temperature of the solid-state electrochemical reactor, the humidity and pressure of the gas at the inlet of the hydrogen to be purified according to the type of impurities, so that the redox activity of the catalyst is the highest.

Preferably, an air inlet and an air outlet are provided on both sides of the cathode diffusion electrode layer 5 respectively; at least one of the air inlet and the air outlet is provided with an oxygen pump for pumping oxygen into or out of the hydrogen impurity purification device.

Preferably, the controller further includes a potentiostat 7, a temperature control module, a gas humidity control module, and a gas pressure control module.

Potentiometer 7, as shown in Figure 2, its input end is connected to the reference electrode 3, and its output end is connected to the anode diffusion electrode layer 4, for real-time adjustment of the solid-state electrochemical reactor according to the electrical signal fed back by the reference electrode 3 The anode supply current or voltage keeps the potential of the anode diffusion electrode layer 4 at the oxidation potential of the impurities to improve the purification of hydrogen.

Temperature control modules, located at both ends of the electrolyte layer, are used to control the operating temperature of the solid-state electrochemical reactor according to the type of impurities and maintain the conductivity of the electrolyte through heating.

The gas humidity control module is respectively located at the front end of the hydrogen inlet to be purified and the air inlet, and is used to control the gas humidity of the hydrogen inlet to be purified and the air inlet.

Preferably, the gas pressure control module is divided into a hydrogen pressure control sub-module to be purified and an air pressure control sub-module. Among them, the hydrogen pressure control sub-module to be purified further includes a gas pressure sensor, a hydrogen pressure analysis control sub-module, and a pressure reducing valve connected in sequence.

The gas pressure sensor is located at the inlet of the hydrogen to be purified in the solid-state electrochemical reactor. It is used to collect the gas pressure at the inlet of the hydrogen to be purified and send it to the hydrogen pressure analysis control sub-module.

The hydrogen pressure analysis control submodule is used to compare the received gas pressure at the inlet of hydrogen to be purified with the preset value, and send a control signal to the pressure reducing valve according to the comparison result to adjust the opening of the pressure reducing valve so that the inlet of hydrogen to be purified The gas pressure reaches the preset value.

Preferably, the controller further includes an impurity concentration monitoring module. Among them, the impurity concentration monitoring module further includes a current sensor 2 and an impurity concentration analysis sub-module.

The current sensor 2 is provided on the branch connecting the anode diffusion electrode layer 4 and the cathode diffusion electrode layer 5. It is used to obtain the current between the anode diffusion electrode layer 4 and the cathode diffusion electrode layer 5 and send it to the impurity concentration analysis sub-module.

The impurity concentration analysis submodule is used to obtain the impurity concentration in the hydrogen to be purified based on the current obtained by the current sensor 2 and combined with the impurity type.

Preferably, the impurity concentration monitoring module further includes an impurity concentration sensor. Among them, the impurity concentration sensor is installed on the inner wall of the purified hydrogen outlet pipe of the solid-state electrochemical reactor, and is used to obtain the concentration of each impurity in the purified hydrogen. For example, CO concentration sensor.

The impurity concentration analysis submodule is also used to compare the impurity concentration in the hydrogen to be purified with the impurity concentration in the purified hydrogen to obtain a value indicating the impurity purification effect. For example, obtain the difference between the CO concentration in the hydrogen to be purified and the CO concentration in the purified hydrogen, divide it by the CO concentration in the hydrogen to be purified, and compare the obtained ratio with the preset value. If it is higher than the preset value, explain The purification effect is good, otherwise, it means the purification effect is not good.

The principle of this device is introduced below.

For carbon monoxide (CO) impurities, the electrochemical principles involved are as follows: CO in hydrogen is oxidized to CO ₂ to avoid CO poisoning of the reactor catalyst or affecting the purity of the reactants, etc.

Anode: CO+O ^2- →CO ₂ +2e ^-

Cathode: O ₂ +4e ^- →2O ^2-

Hydrogen containing CO impurities enters the anode diffusion electrode layer, and air enters the cathode diffusion electrode layer (or is connected to the atmosphere). The anode potential is controlled at the oxidation potential of CO through a potentiostat to reduce the oxidation reaction of hydrogen. In the cathode diffusion electrode layer, the air obtains electrons under the action of the catalyst and becomes oxygen ions, which reach the anode through the ion conductor. CO combines with oxygen ions at the anode diffusion electrode and is oxidized to CO ₂ and generates electrons, which are transferred to the cathode diffusion electrode layer through the external circuit and current sensor 2 . After passing through the online purification device, the CO in the hydrogen is oxidized into CO ₂ at the anode and discharged from the anode outlet. The trace amount of CO ₂ has no effect on the fuel cell, so it can be directly used in the fuel cell. When using a two-electrode system, due to the polarization phenomenon in the reaction process, the anode potential cannot be accurately measured. Therefore, a three-electrode system is used and a reference electrode is added to accurately control the potential. Current sensors can be used to monitor CO concentration. The higher the CO concentration, the greater the current formed. In order to improve the selectivity of the catalyst to CO, nickel oxide can be selected as the catalyst, but is not limited to it.

For hydrogen sulfide (H ₂ S) impurities, the electrochemical principles involved are as follows: H ₂ S in hydrogen gas is oxidized to H ₂ SO ₄ to avoid H ₂ S poisoning the fuel cell catalyst or impurities affecting the purity of the reactants.

Anode: H ₂ S+4O ^2- →H ₂ SO ₄ +8e ^-

Cathode: 2O ₂ +8e ^- →4O ^2-

Hydrogen containing H ₂ S impurities enters the anode diffusion electrode layer, and air enters the cathode diffusion electrode layer (or is connected to the atmosphere). The anode potential is controlled at the oxidation potential of H ₂ S through a potentiostat to reduce the oxidation reaction of hydrogen. In the cathode diffusion electrode layer, the air obtains electrons under the action of the catalyst and becomes oxygen ions, which reach the anode through the ion conductor. H ₂ S combines with oxygen ions in the anode diffusion electrode layer and is oxidized to H ₂ SO ₄ and generates electrons, which are transferred to the cathode through the external circuit and current sensor. After passing through the online purification device, the H ₂ S of the hydrogen gas is oxidized to H ₂ SO ₄ at the anode, and is discharged from the anode outlet. The trace amount of H ₂ SO ₄ has no effect on the fuel cell, so it can be directly used in the fuel cell. After adding a reference electrode, the potential can be accurately controlled. Current sensors can be used to monitor H ₂ S concentration. The higher the H ₂ S concentration, the greater the current formed. In order to improve the selectivity of the catalyst to H ₂ S, nickel oxide can be selected as the catalyst, but is not limited to it.

For _nitrogen _oxide ₍ _NO

Anode: 2NO _X +4Xe ^- →N2+2XO ^2-

Cathode: 2XO ^2- →XO ₂ +4Xe ^-

Hydrogen gas containing NO _x impurities enters the anode diffusion electrode layer, and the anode potential is controlled at the reduction potential of _NO At the anode _NOx gets electrons and is decomposed into _N2 and oxygen ions. Oxygen ions reach the cathode through the ion conductor, lose electrons under the combined action of the cathode catalyst and the potential applied by the potentiostat, and generate oxygen, which is discharged to the atmosphere. After _passing through the online _purification device, _the _NO The ion conductor passes to the cathode and is oxidized into oxygen, which is discharged into the atmosphere. Using a three-electrode system and adding a reference electrode, the potential can be accurately controlled. Current sensors can be used to monitor _NOx concentration. The higher the _NOx concentration, the greater the current formed. A voltage corresponding to the oxygen evolution reaction is applied to the anode. In order to improve the selectivity of the catalyst to _NO

For ammonia (NH ₃ ) impurities, hydrogen containing NH ₃ impurities enters the anode diffusion electrode layer, air enters the cathode diffusion electrode layer (or is connected to the atmosphere), and the anode potential is controlled at the oxidation potential of NH ₃ through a potentiostat, reducing Oxidation reaction of hydrogen. In the cathode diffusion electrode layer, the air obtains electrons under the action of the catalyst and becomes oxygen ions, which reach the anode through the ion conductor. NH ₃ combines with oxygen ions in the anode diffusion electrode layer and is oxidized into N ₂ and H ₂ O, and generates electrons, which are transferred to the cathode through the external circuit and current sensor. After passing through the online purification device, NH ₃ in the hydrogen gas is oxidized into N ₂ and H ₂ O at the anode, and is discharged from the anode outlet. Trace amounts of N ₂ and H ₂ O have no effect on the fuel cell, so they can be directly used in the fuel cell.

Compared with the existing technology, the device of this embodiment has the following beneficial effects:

The embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above. The above description is illustrative, not exhaustive, and is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles, practical applications, or improvements to the prior art of the embodiments, or to enable other persons of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

A hydrogen impurity purification device for fuel cells, characterized by including a solid-state electrochemical reactor and a controller; wherein,

The solid-state electrochemical reactor further includes an anode diffusion electrode layer (4), an electrolyte layer (6), a cathode diffusion electrode layer (5) and a reference electrode (3); the electrolyte layer (6) is used to transport oxygen ions; the anode diffusion electrode Both sides of the layer (4) are respectively provided with an inlet for hydrogen to be purified and an outlet for purified hydrogen; the cathode diffusion electrode layer (5) is in contact with the air, and is isolated from the anode diffusion electrode layer (4) by an electrolyte layer (6); refer to The specific electrode (3) is located in the electrolyte layer (6);

A controller for controlling the potential of the anode diffusion electrode layer (4) of the solid-state electrochemical reactor to be the redox potential of the impurity after startup; and for adjusting the solid-state electrochemical reactor in real time based on the electrical signal fed back by the reference electrode (3) The supply current or voltage allows the impurities to undergo oxidation-reduction reactions and convert them into other components that have no or less impact on the fuel cell;

The controller further includes:

A potentiostat (7), whose input end is connected to the reference electrode (3), and whose output end is connected to the anode diffusion electrode layer (4), is used to adjust solid-state electrochemistry in real time according to the electrical signal fed back by the reference electrode (3) The anode supply current or voltage of the reactor keeps the potential of the anode diffusion electrode layer (4) always maintained at the oxidation potential of impurities to improve the purification of hydrogen;

Temperature control modules, located at both ends of the electrolyte layer, are used to control the operating temperature of the solid-state electrochemical reactor according to the type of impurities and maintain the conductivity of the electrolyte through heating;

The gas humidity control module is respectively located at the front end of the hydrogen inlet to be purified and the air inlet, and is used to control the gas humidity of the hydrogen inlet to be purified and the air inlet;

The gas pressure control module is respectively located at the front end of the hydrogen inlet to be purified and the air inlet, and is used to control the gas pressure of the hydrogen gas inlet to be purified and the air inlet.
The hydrogen impurity purification device for fuel cells according to claim 1, wherein the impurities include at least one of carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia; and,

The hydrogen purification device is used to convert carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide, or convert hydrogen sulfide into sulfuric acid, or convert ammonia into nitrogen and water.
The hydrogen impurity purification device for fuel cells according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that catalysts are evenly distributed in the anode diffusion electrode layer (4) and the cathode diffusion electrode layer (5); and,

The catalyst is a metal oxide.
The hydrogen impurity purification device for fuel cells according to claim 3, wherein for carbon monoxide or hydrogen sulfide impurities, the catalyst includes nickel oxide;

For ammonia impurities, the catalyst includes zirconium oxide.
The hydrogen impurity purification device for fuel cells according to claim 4, characterized in that the controller is also used to control the operating temperature of the solid-state electrochemical reactor and the inlet of the hydrogen to be purified according to the type of impurities. The humidity and pressure of the gas maximize the redox activity of the catalyst.
The hydrogen impurity purification device for fuel cells according to any one of claims 1-2 and 4-5, characterized in that air inlets and air outlets are respectively provided on both sides of the cathode diffusion electrode layer (5). ;in,

At least one of the air inlets and air outlets is provided with an oxygen pump for pumping oxygen into or out of the hydrogen impurity purification device.
The hydrogen impurity purification device for fuel cells according to claim 6, wherein the gas pressure control module is divided into a hydrogen pressure control sub-module to be purified and an air pressure control sub-module; wherein,

The hydrogen pressure control sub-module to be purified further includes: connected in sequence:

A gas pressure sensor, located at the inlet of the hydrogen to be purified in the solid-state electrochemical reactor, used to collect the gas pressure at the inlet of the hydrogen to be purified and send it to the hydrogen pressure analysis control sub-module;

The hydrogen pressure analysis control submodule is used to compare the received gas pressure at the inlet of hydrogen to be purified with the preset value, and send a control signal to the pressure reducing valve according to the comparison result to adjust the opening of the pressure reducing valve so that the inlet of hydrogen to be purified The gas pressure at the location reaches the preset value;

The pressure reducing valve is located at the front end of the hydrogen inlet to be purified in the solid-state electrochemical reactor.
The hydrogen impurity purification device for fuel cells according to claim 7, wherein the controller further includes an impurity concentration monitoring module; wherein,

The impurity concentration monitoring module further includes a current sensor (2) and an impurity concentration analysis sub-module;

The current sensor (2) is located on the branch connecting the anode diffusion electrode layer (4) and the cathode diffusion electrode layer (5), and is used to obtain information between the anode diffusion electrode layer (4) and the cathode diffusion electrode layer (5). The current is sent to the impurity concentration analysis sub-module;

The impurity concentration analysis sub-module is used to obtain the impurity concentration in the hydrogen to be purified based on the current obtained by the current sensor (2) and combined with the impurity type.
The hydrogen impurity purification device for fuel cells according to claim 8, wherein the impurity concentration monitoring module further includes an impurity concentration sensor; wherein,

The impurity concentration sensor is located on the inner wall of the purified hydrogen outlet pipe of the solid-state electrochemical reactor and is used to obtain the concentration of each impurity in the purified hydrogen;

The impurity concentration analysis sub-module is also used to compare the impurity concentration in the hydrogen to be purified with the impurity concentration in the purified hydrogen to obtain a value indicating the impurity purification effect.