WO2023175634A1 - Appareil et procédé de réglage de puissance d'une lentille intelligente - Google Patents

Appareil et procédé de réglage de puissance d'une lentille intelligente Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023175634A1
WO2023175634A1 PCT/IN2023/050260 IN2023050260W WO2023175634A1 WO 2023175634 A1 WO2023175634 A1 WO 2023175634A1 IN 2023050260 W IN2023050260 W IN 2023050260W WO 2023175634 A1 WO2023175634 A1 WO 2023175634A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pair
nocs
noc
control unit
array
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PCT/IN2023/050260
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English (en)
Inventor
Guruprasad Nagarajan
Original Assignee
Guruprasad Nagarajan
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Filing date
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Application filed by Guruprasad Nagarajan filed Critical Guruprasad Nagarajan
Publication of WO2023175634A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023175634A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/002—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of materials engineered to provide properties not available in nature, e.g. metamaterials
    • G02B1/007—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of materials engineered to provide properties not available in nature, e.g. metamaterials made of negative effective refractive index materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/002—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of materials engineered to provide properties not available in nature, e.g. metamaterials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0093—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means for monitoring data relating to the user, e.g. head-tracking, eye-tracking
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/12—Fluid-filled or evacuated lenses
    • G02B3/14—Fluid-filled or evacuated lenses of variable focal length
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C11/00—Non-optical adjuncts; Attachment thereof
    • G02C11/10—Electronic devices other than hearing aids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G02C7/08—Auxiliary lenses; Arrangements for varying focal length
    • G02C7/081—Ophthalmic lenses with variable focal length
    • G02C7/083—Electrooptic lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/10—Filters, e.g. for facilitating adaptation of the eyes to the dark; Sunglasses
    • G02C7/101—Filters, e.g. for facilitating adaptation of the eyes to the dark; Sunglasses having an electro-optical light valve

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to the field of wearable devices and more particularly relates to an apparatus and method for tuning power of smart lenses of wearable devices.
  • BACKGROUND [0002]
  • people wear glasses to correct their vision or protect their eyes from the sun.
  • the current market offers a variety of smart or intelligent glasses. For instance, augmented reality smart glasses, and specialized glasses may be used for shooting pictures, recording audio or video, displaying a particular screen, etc.
  • the conventional eyeglasses or smart glasses may not be configured for adjusting the power of lens based on the power of the wearer's eye.
  • the conventional eyeglasses or power glasses comprise a fixed lens power in accordance with the wearer’s eye power.
  • the power of conventional eyeglasses or power glasses may not be altered automatically if the wearer’s eye power has changed over a course of time.
  • the conventional smart glass may only be utilized for entertainment, such as flashing notifications or using augmented reality (AR) or virtual reality (VR) applications. Therefore, lens power adjustment of conventional eyeglasses or smart glasses is manual in nature. Hence, the wearer requires to change the eyeglasses frequently to conform with the wearer’s vision correction.
  • the present subject matter refers to an apparatus for tuning lens power with reference to wearer’s eye vision.
  • the apparatus comprises a frame, a pair of temples configured to be capable of being opened and closed against the frame, and a pair of transparent lenses.
  • the frame is configured to hold the pair of transparent lenses, and each transparent lens of the pair of transparent lenses comprises a first layer and a second layer.
  • the apparatus further comprises an array of nano optic cells (NOCs) arranged sequentially in between the first layer and the second layer of each transparent lens of the pair of transparent lenses.
  • the apparatus comprises a pair of cameras installed in corner portions of the frame.
  • Each camera of the pair of cameras is configured to capture a plurality of images viewed from a wearer’s line of sight.
  • the apparatus comprises one or more input interfaces installed on a first portion of each temple of the pair of temples.
  • the one or more input interfaces are configured to receive a wearer's input including lens power information associated with eyesight of the wearer’s eyes.
  • the apparatus further comprises a control unit installed on a second portion of at least one temple of the pair of temples.
  • the control unit comprises a memory unit and is communicatively coupled with each of the array of NOCs, the pair of cameras, and the memory unit.
  • the control unit is configured to determine a position of each of one or more objects in the captured plurality of images.
  • the control unit is further configured to calculate a voltage, utilizing an artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) module stored in the memory unit, to be applied to each NOC in the array of NOCs based on the lens power information and the determined position of each of the one or more objects. Furthermore, based on the calculated voltage, the control unit is configured to control a refractive index of each NOC in the array of NOCs for adjusting a power of the pair of transparent lenses such that the wearer of the smart glass apparatus perceives the one or more objects clearly.
  • the present subject matter refers to a method for tuning lens power with reference to wearer’s eye vision.
  • an apparatus that comprises a frame, a pair of temples configured to be capable of being opened and closed against the frame, a pair of transparent lenses each including a first layer and a second layer, an array of nano optic cells (NOCs) arranged sequentially in between the first layer and the second layer, a pair of cameras, one or more input interfaces, and a control unit.
  • the method comprises capturing, by the pair of cameras, a plurality of images viewed from a wearer’s line of sight.
  • the method further comprises receiving a wearer input including lens power information associated with eyesight of the wearer’s eyes via the one or more input interfaces.
  • the method further comprises determining, by a control unit, a position of each of one or more objects in the captured plurality of images.
  • the method comprises calculating, by the control unit utilizing an artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) module, a voltage to be applied on each of the array of NOCs based on the lens power information and the determined position of each of the one or more objects. Subsequently, based on the calculated voltage, the method comprises controlling a refractive index of each NOC in each of the array of NOCs for adjusting a power of the pair of transparent lenses such that the wearer of the smart glass apparatus perceives the one or more objects clearly.
  • AI artificial intelligence
  • ML machine learning
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of an apparatus for tuning lens power with reference to the wearer’s eye vision, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG.2A illustrates a side view of the apparatus, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG.2B illustrates a front view of the apparatus, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a front view and a side view of the transparent glass of the apparatus, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4A illustrates a working principle of a concave lens, in accordance with an existing art
  • FIG. 4B illustrates a working principle of the apparatus to overcome myopia or near-sightedness conditions, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4C illustrates a working principle of a convex lens, in accordance with an existing art
  • FIG. 4D illustrates a working principle of the apparatus to overcome hyperopia or farsightedness conditions, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5A illustrates a front view of the apparatus including a plurality of NOCs, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5B illustrates a nano optic cell region (NOCR) of a plurality of NOCRs, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the array of NOCs and the plurality of NOCRs, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. NOCR nano optic cell region
  • FIG. 7A illustrates a cross-sectional side view and a top view of the NOC without applying any voltage, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7B illustrates a cross-sectional side view and a top view of the NOC with a voltage applied, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a change of incident light direction based on the voltage applied in each corner of pair of electrodes, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a circuitry of the plurality of NOCR with a row driver and a column driver, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG.10 illustrates a flow chart of a method for tuning lens power with reference to the wearer’s eye vision, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a flow chart of a method for controlling the brightness of high- intensity light by tuning lens power, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a graph of applied voltage against the dioptre of the apparatus, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • any terms used herein such as but not limited to “includes,” “comprises,” “has,” “consists,” “have”, and grammatical variants thereof do not specify an exact limitation or restriction and certainly do not exclude the possible addition of one or more features or elements, unless otherwise stated, and must not be taken to exclude the possible removal of one or more of the listed features and elements, unless otherwise stated with the limiting language “must comprise” or “needs to include.”.
  • an apparatus disclosed herein is intended to adjust the lens power in accordance with the lens power information of the wearer's eye.
  • the apparatus may also be referred to as a M ⁇ cal Smart Glass (MSG).
  • the apparatus disclosed herein is intended to control the light passing through the MSV to reduce the brightness level of the light.
  • the apparatus may also be referred to as a M ⁇ cal Smart Visor (MSV).
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of an apparatus for tuning lens power with reference to the wearer’s eye vision, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the apparatus 100 includes a frame 102, a pair of temples 104, a pair of transparent lenses 106, a pair of cameras 108, one or more input interfaces 110, and a control unit 112.
  • the apparatus 100 further includes a battery source for supplying the necessary power required for energizing elements of the apparatus 100.
  • the frame 102, and the pair of temples 104 may be manufactured of several materials, for example but are not limited to, nylon, plastics, metal, etc.
  • the pair of temples 104 may be configured to open and close against the frame 102. The wearers may be able to wear the apparatus 100 when the pair of temples 104 are in the open position against the frame 102.
  • the apparatus 100 may be folded to carry within a box when the pair of temples 104 are in the closed position against the frame 102.
  • the frame 102 may be configured to hold the pair of transparent lenses 106.
  • Each transparent lens of the pair of transparent lenses 106 corresponds to one of an ophthalmic grade glass or an ophthalmic grade lens.
  • the pair of cameras 108 may be installed in corner portions of the frame 102.
  • Each camera of the pair of cameras 108 is configured to capture a plurality of images viewed from a wearer’s line of sight.
  • a viewing angle of the pair of cameras 108 is in an eye gaze direction of the wearer’s eyesight.
  • one or more input interfaces 110 may be installed on a first portion of each temple of the pair of temples 104.
  • the first portion corresponds to any portion within the pair of temples 104 in which a wearer may easily access the one or more input interfaces 110.
  • the one or more input interfaces 110 may correspond to at least one of a touchpad, a touchscreen, one or more touch buttons, or a voice input interface. Further, the one or more input interfaces 110 may be configured to receive the wearer’s input including lens power information associated with eyesight of the wearer’s eyes.
  • the control unit 112 may be installed on a second portion of at least one temple of the pair of temples 104.
  • the second portion may correspond to any portion within the pair of temples 104 without overlapping the first portion of the pair of temples 104.
  • the control unit 112 includes a memory unit for storing the wearer’s eyesight information and one or more executable instructions.
  • the battery source is installed on a fourth portion of the at least one temple of the pair of temples 104 to supply the necessary power to each of the pair of cameras 108, the one or more input interfaces 110, and the control unit 112.
  • the fourth portion may correspond to any portion of the at least one temple without overlapping the first portion and the second portion of the temples 104.
  • the control unit 112 may be communicatively coupled to the camera 108, the input interface 110, and the memory unit.
  • control unit 112 may include at least one data processor for executing processes stored in the memory unit.
  • the control unit 112 may include specialized processing units such as integrated system (bus) controllers, memory management control units, floating point units, graphics processing units, digital signal processing units, etc.
  • the control unit 112 may include a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), or both.
  • the control unit 112 may be one or more general processors, digital signal processors, application-specific integrated circuits, field-programmable gate arrays, servers, networks, digital circuits, analog circuits, combinations thereof, or other now-known or later developed devices for analyzing and processing data.
  • the control unit 112 may execute a software program, such as code generated manually (i.e., programmed) to perform the desired operation.
  • the memory unit may include any non-transitory computer-readable medium known in the art including, for example, volatile memory, such as static random- access memory (SRAM) and dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), and/or non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable ROM, flash memories, hard disks, optical disks, and magnetic tapes.
  • SRAM static random- access memory
  • DRAM dynamic random-access memory
  • non-volatile memory such as read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable ROM, flash memories, hard disks, optical disks, and magnetic tapes.
  • the memory unit is communicatively coupled with the control unit 112 to store bitstreams or processing instructions for completing the process.
  • FIG. 2A illustrates a side view of the apparatus, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2A illustrates the apparatus 100 which includes the temples 104, the transparent lens 106, the camera 108, and a projector 202.
  • the projector 202 may be installed on a third portion of each temple of the pair of temples 104.
  • the projector 202 may be configured to display real-time information on each transparent lens of the pair of transparent lenses 106.
  • the third portion may correspond to any portion of the at least one temple without overlapping the first portion, the second portion, and the fourth portion of the temples 104.
  • the battery source is configured to supply the necessary power to the projector 202.
  • the projector 202 is an electronic device that is used to display images or videos on a surface. It works by projecting a beam of light onto the surface, which reflects the beam of light back to a viewer to show the images or videos.
  • the projector 202 may be used in a variety of settings, such as in business presentations, classrooms, home theaters, outdoor events, smart glasses, etc.
  • the projector 202 may be configured with varying brightness levels and resolution capabilities.
  • FIG.2B illustrates a front view of the apparatus, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the apparatus 100 includes the projector 202 for projecting real-time information on the transparent lens 106.
  • the real-time information corresponds to information associated with at least one of a residual power of the battery source, weather conditions, mobile notifications, augmented reality (AR) based applications, or virtual reality (VR) based applications.
  • the control unit 112 is configured to control the transparent lens 106, such that the transparent lens 106 becomes opaque so as to reflect the projection light beam into the wearer’s eye to show the projected information.
  • the residual power of the battery source information may correspond to the remaining battery of the apparatus 100.
  • the control unit 112 may be configured to provide information to the projector 202 for projecting an alert on the transparent lens once the remaining battery percentage is below a certain threshold value.
  • the AR may relate to a technology that superimposes digital information or images onto the real-world environment for creating a mixed-reality experience.
  • the AR-based application may correspond to real-time navigation assistance.
  • the VR-based application allows users to enter and interact with virtual or simulated environments through the apparatus 100.
  • FIG.3 illustrates a front view and a side view of the transparent glass of the apparatus, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the front view and the side view of each transparent lens of the pair of transparent lenses 106.
  • Each transparent lens 106 comprises a first layer 302 and a second layer 304, as clearly illustrated from the side view of the transparent lens 106. Further, an array of nano optic cells (NOCs) 306 is arranged sequentially in between the first layer 302 and the second layer 304 of each transparent lens of the pair of transparent lenses 106. The array of NOCs 306 is fabricated throughout the transparent lens 106.
  • the control unit 112 is communicatively coupled with each of the array of NOCs 306 for controlling voltage to be applied in each of the array of NOCs 306.
  • the battery unit of the apparatus 100 is configured to provide the required voltage to each of the array of NOCs 306 in accordance with the signal received from the control unit 112.
  • each NOC 306 of the array of NOCs may correspond to one of a nanoparticle cell, a microparticle cell, or a liquid crystal cell.
  • the array of NOCs 306 is arranged to cover the entire portion of each of the transparent lenses 106.
  • the nanoparticle cell relates to any particle of material of a size between 1 and 100 nanometers (nm) of any shape and any type of nanomaterials.
  • the microparticle cell relates to any particle of material of a size between 1 and 1000 micrometers of any shape.
  • the nanoparticle cell or the microparticle cell may be made from a variety of materials, including polymers, metals, and ceramics, and can have a range of different shapes, such as spheres, rods, and fibers.
  • the liquid crystal cell may comprise liquid crystal lenses which can refract the incident light based on an electric voltage applied to the liquid crystal layers of the liquid crystal cell.
  • FIG. 4A illustrates the concave lens 404 placed in front of a human eyeball 402 for overcoming myopia or nearsightedness conditions.
  • myopia or nearsightedness an incident light coming from a light source (LS) of a faraway distance does not reach the retina. Therefore, the faraway objects look blurry and the concave lens 404 of specific power is used to overcome the myopia or nearsightedness conditions. Placing the concave lens 404 in front of a nearsighted eye reduces the refraction of light and lengthens the focal length so that the image is formed on the retina.
  • FIG. 4B illustrates a working principle of the apparatus to overcome myopia or nearsightedness conditions, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4B illustrates a working principle of the apparatus to overcome myopia or nearsightedness conditions, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4B illustrates the working principle of the apparatus 100 to overcome myopia or nearsightedness conditions.
  • a refractive index of the apparatus 100 may be adjusted based on an electric voltage applied on the plurality of NOCs 306 of the transparent lens 106. Therefore, based on the adjusted refractive index, the plurality of NOCs 306 is configured to refract the incident light so as to increase the focal length to form the image on the retina.
  • FIG. 4C illustrates a working principle of a convex lens, in accordance with existing art.
  • FIG. 4C illustrates the convex lens 406 placed in front of a human eyeball 402 for overcoming hyperopia or farsightedness conditions.
  • FIG. 4D illustrates a working principle of the apparatus to overcome hyperopia or farsightedness conditions, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4B illustrates the working principle of the apparatus 100 to overcome hyperopia or farsightedness conditions.
  • FIG. 5A illustrates a front view of the apparatus including a plurality of NOCs, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG.5A illustrates that the apparatus 100 includes a NOC 306 among the array of NOCs placed in a grid of the transparent lens 106.
  • a corresponding group of NOCs within the array of NOCs 306 are grouped within a nano optic cell region (NOCR) 502 of a plurality of NOCRs as illustrated in FIG.5B, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5B illustrates that the group of four NOCs 306 is arranged within the NOCR 502.
  • the number of NOCR 502 is lesser than the number of NOCs 306.
  • the control unit 112 is configured to apply a voltage to the NOCR such that the refractive index for each NOC in the group of NOCs is same.
  • each row and each column include six NOCs 306, in which four NOCs are arranged to form the NOCR 502 within the plurality of NOCRs.
  • FIG.5B only 9 voltages are required to apply to the NOCR 502 to control the refractive index of the apparatus 100 instead of 36 voltages for each of the array of NOCs 306.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the array of NOCs and the plurality of NOCRs, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • each of the transparent lenses 106 may have dimensions of 2 inches in length by 1 inch in height without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure.
  • an exemplary count of the array of NOCs is shown below with the help of Table 1.
  • Table 1 [0038]
  • each of the transparent lenses 106 may include 400 rows of NOCs by 800 columns of NOCs fabricated between the first layer 302 and the second layer 304 of the transparent lenses 106.
  • each NOC 306 may be a length and a breadth of 2.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ inches 2 or 63500 nm or 63.5 micrometers or 63.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ meters.
  • the control unit 112 is configured to apply a voltage to the NOCR 502 such that a refractive index for each NOC in the group of NOCs 306 is same.
  • the NOCR 502 has a single refractive index as the control unit 112 is configured to apply the same voltage in each NOC in the group of NOCs 306.
  • the control unit 112 is further configured to apply a voltage to the corresponding NOCRs 502 such that a refractive index of the corresponding NOCRs 502 is adjusted in accordance with the lens power information. Therefore, each NOCR 502 may have a distinct refractive index with respect to neighbor NOCRs 502 based on the applied voltage in each of the NOCRs 502 in accordance with the lens power information of the wearer’s eyesight.
  • the pair of cameras 108 installed on the corner position of the frame 102 may be configured to capture the plurality of images viewed from the wearer’s line of sight.
  • the one or more input interfaces 110 may be configured to receive the wearer’s input regarding lens power information associated with the eyesight of the wearer’s eye.
  • the wearer may provide lens power of eyesight through the one or more input interfaces 110.
  • the control unit 112 is configured to store the lens power information in the memory unit.
  • the eye lens power information of the wearer may also be calculated using the apparatus 100.
  • a sample image may be projected onto the transparent lens 106 using the projector 202.
  • the wearer may tune projection via the one or more input interfaces 110 to clearly see the projected sampled image. Once the projected sampled image is clearly visible to the wearer, the eye lens power information of the wearer may be calculated. Further, the control unit 112 is configured to store the calculated eye lens power information in the memory unit. According to another example, the wearer may have a lens power of -0.75 diopter in a left eye and -1.0 in a right eye, which may be known to the wearer. Therefore, the wearer may provide the lens power of -0.75 diopter in the left eye and -1.0 for the right eye through the one or more input interfaces 110 to store in the memory unit.
  • control unit 112 is configured to receive each of the plurality of images captured by the pair of cameras 108. Thereby, the control unit 112 is configured to determine a position of each one or more objects in each of the plurality of images. Based on the determined position, the control unit 112 is configured to determine a distance of each object with respect to the pair of cameras 108. Further, the control unit 112 is configured to determine the lens power information of the wearer’s eyesight from the memory unit. Based on the lens power information and the distance of each object with respect to the pair of cameras 108, the control unit 112 is configured to calculate a voltage to be applied on each NOC in the array of NOCs 306 utilizing an AI or ML module stored in the memory unit.
  • control unit 112 is configured to apply the calculated voltage to each NOC in the array of NOCs 306 for controlling a refractive index of each NOC to adjust a power of the pair of transparent lenses 106 such that the wearer of the smart glass apparatus perceives the one or more objects clearly.
  • control unit 112 is configured to consider other factors like atmospheric temperature and other light sources for calculating the voltage to be applied on each NOC in the array of NOCs 306.
  • the wearer has hyperopia or farsightedness. Therefore, if the control unit 112 determines that object is at a nearby distance and the user has the farsightedness condition based on information of lens power from the memory unit.
  • the voltage is calculated by the control unit 112 to control the refractive index of each NOC of the array of NOCs to bend light rays towards the back of the eye, thereby the images of near objects may be brought into focus on the retina. Therefore, the wearer of the smart glass apparatus perceives the nearby object clearly.
  • the control unit 112 when it is required to project something from the projector 202 into the transparent lens 106 then the control unit 112 is configured to control a portion of the array of NOCs such that the portion of the array of NOCs 306 becomes opaque by not allowing any incident light passing through the portion. Therefore, the wearer may be able to see the projected information on the opaque transparent lens 106.
  • FIG. 7A illustrates a cross-sectional side view and a top view of the NOC without applying any voltage, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7A discloses the cross-sectional side view of the NOC 306.
  • the NOC 306 may include a plurality of layers within the first layer of transparent lens 302 and the second layer of transparent lens 304.
  • the plurality of layers may include a pair of electrodes 702 adjacent to the first layer of transparent lens 304 and the second layer of the transparent lens 304.
  • the pair of electrodes 702 may be configured to receive positive and negative voltage to control the refractive index of the NOC 306.
  • the plurality of layers may further include a pair of transparent insulation layers 704 in between the pair of electrodes 702.
  • the plurality of layers may include a particle cell 706 in between the pair of transparent insulation layers 704.
  • the NOC 306 includes a pair of 4-dimethyl-amino-nmethyl-4- stilbazolium tosylate (DAST) slits 708 superimposed over the particle cell 706 and the pair of transparent insulation layers 704.
  • the pair of DAST slits 708 are in contact with the pair of electrodes 702, and the pair of DAST slits 708 are configured to guide a light source through the plurality of layers based on the voltage applied by the control unit 112 to each NOC of the array of NOCs 306.
  • the DAST slits 708 may be milled by a focused ion beam milling method.
  • the particle cell 706 may be made of silver or any other metallic of around 200 nm of thickness.
  • the transparent insulation layer 704 may be made of SiO2 (Silicon dioxide, Silica, Quartz) or SiC (Silicon carbide) of around 30nm of thickness.
  • the transparent insulation layer 704 may be utilized as an insulator between the particle cell layer 706 with the pair of electrodes 702.
  • the pair of electrodes 702 may be made of transparent material like In2O3-SnO2 (Indium tin oxide, ITO) of 20nm thickness.
  • the plurality of layers of the NOC 306 may also know as a metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) architecture.
  • MIS metal-insulator-semiconductor
  • the plurality of layers of the NOC 306 may provide a hybrid waveguide structure and may improve the ability of the NOC 306 to direct the light toward the wearer’s eye.
  • the DAST slits 708 may be considered electrooptically active organic crystals. Further, the DAST slits 708 may be milled with the pair of ITO electrodes 702 as two columns to induce surface plasmons directed towards a specific direction, such as towards the wearer’s eye. For example, each DAST slit of the pair of DAST slits may be positioned around 1000nm away from another DAST slit.
  • FIG. 7A illustrates that incident light passes through the plurality of layers of the NOC 306 without deviating from the direction of the incident light when no voltage is applied on the pair of electrodes 702 of the NOC.
  • FIG. 7A also illustrates the top view of the NOC. In the top view of the NOC, the pair of electrodes 702 and the pair of DAST slits 708 are disclosed. [0046] FIG.
  • FIG. 7B illustrates a cross-sectional side view and a top view of the NOC with a voltage applied, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7B discloses the cross-sectional side view of the NOC 306.
  • the plurality of layers of NOC is similar in accordance with the plurality of layers illustrated in FIG. 7A.
  • FIG. 7B illustrates a change of direction of the incident lights when a voltage is applied to the pair of electrodes 702.
  • the application of the voltage may create a surface plasmon (SP) phenomenon which is an electronic excitation in the conducting metallic materials coupling with the incident light.
  • SP surface plasmon
  • Electromagnetic waves generated from the electronic excitation may travel along an electro-optic material with a metal interface to guide in an infrared or visible-frequency range of incident lights. Such phenomenon is called a directional SP propagation which defines the efficiency of the NOCs 306.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a change of incident light direction based on the voltage applied in each corner of pair of electrodes, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIGS. 8(a), 8(b), 8(c), and 8(d) illustrate the pair of electrodes 702 of each NOC 306 communicatively coupled with a decoder, in which the decoder is a part of the control unit 112.
  • the decoder is configured to apply the calculated voltage in one or more corner portions of each of the pair of electrodes 702 in each NOC in the array of NOCs 306 for adjusting a refractive index of each NOC in the array of NOCs based on the applied voltage.
  • FIG 8(a) illustrates that the 3 * 8 decoder is connected with each of the plurality of corners E0, E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, E6, and E7 of the pair of electrodes 702. Therefore, a 3-bit input into the decoder may be sufficient to control the voltage in every eight corners of the pair of electrodes 702 of each NOC in the array of NOCs 306.
  • the control unit 112 may be configured to determine voltage based on the change of direction required on the incident light in each part of the apparatus 100 to form the clear image in the wearer’s cornea.
  • the voltage required in each corner of the pair of electrodes is shown below with the help of Table 2.
  • Option (a) of Table 2 illustrates that an input value of “110” in the decoder enables the E4 and E5 corners of the pair of electrodes 702 as shown in FIG. 8(a).
  • the output of the decoder is 00001100, which enables the E4 and E5 corners of the pair of electrodes.
  • option (b) of Table 2 illustrates that the input of “001” value in the decoder enables the E6 and E7 corners of the pair of electrodes as shown in FIG. 8(b). Thus, the direction of incident light slightly bends toward the E6 and E7 corners.
  • option (c) of Table 2 illustrates that the input of “010” enables E0, E1, E4, and E5 corners of the pair of electrodes as shown in FIG.8(c). Therefore, the incident light bends more towards the E0, E1, E4, and E5 corners of the pair of electrodes 702.
  • the input of “101” in the decoder enables E2, E3, E6, and E7 of the pair of electrodes 702. Therefore, the incident light bends more toward the E2, E3, E6, and E7 corners of the electrodes.
  • the change of direction of the incident light depends on the refractive index change in the NOC of the array of NOCs 306. Further, the change in the refractive index of the NOC depends on the electro-optical properties of the material used for manufacturing the NOC 306. As the structure of the NOC has a combination of organic and metallic materials, the impact of applied voltage on the NOC’s refractive index is also a combination of all these materials’ electro-optic properties.
  • x It may be assumed that the impact of applied voltage on the change of carrier density by the permittivity of ITO and DAST is minimal.
  • x The structure of the NOC with the pair of DAST slits may be a candidate for Fabry- Pérot resonator theory.
  • a Fabry–Pérot interferometer (FPI) or etalon is an optical cavity made from two parallel reflecting surfaces (i.e.: thin mirrors). Optical waves can pass through the optical cavity only when they are in resonance with it.
  • the varying transmission function of an etalon is caused by interference between the multiple reflections of light between the two reflecting surfaces.
  • Constructive interference occurs if the transmitted beams are in phase, and this corresponds to a high-transmission peak of the etalon. If the transmitted beams are out-of-phase, destructive interference occurs, and this corresponds to a transmission minimum.
  • the effective refractive index is related to the dielectric/metallic medium and slit width.
  • the effective refractive index, N eff may be calculated based on an equation (1). Neff ⁇ > ⁇ d + 0.5(kdm /k 0 ) 2 + ⁇ >Ndm 0.25(kdm /k 0 ) 2 ]] ;
  • the ideal glass thickness may be required to be around .0025 meters or 0.25 centimeter.
  • a positive diopter power and a negative diopter power can be achieved with the change of electrical voltage applied.
  • the positive diopter indicates the convex lenses
  • the negative diopter indicates the convex lenses.
  • Table 3 illustrates the relation between the applied voltages and diopter power achieved.
  • Table 3 illustrates that for a voltage of 0.0010 v, the Diopter of -32.902440 is achieved with the refractive index of the material used being 0.9177439 for the thickness of 0.0025 meters.
  • Table 3 illustrates a change of diopter value based on applied voltage if the material of silver(Ag) is utilized as the particle cell layer 706, silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) is utilized in the transparent insulation layer 704, and indium tin oxide (ITO) is utilized for the pair of electrodes 702.
  • the diopter value may change if the materials are changed in each of the plurality of layers in the NOC 306.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a circuitry of the plurality of NOCR with a row driver and a column driver, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the control unit 112 includes the row driver 902, the column driver 904, and a plurality of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs).
  • ADCs analog-to-digital converters
  • the pair of cameras 108 captures the plurality of images, and thereby the control unit 112 is configured to process the captured plurality of images to determine each object among the plurality of objects. Further, the control unit is configured to convert an analog input signal into a digital input by the plurality of ADCs. Upon determining the object, the control unit 112 is configured to calculate the voltage to be applied in each NOC 306.
  • control unit 112 is configured to control at least one of the row driver 902 or the column driver 904 to apply the calculated voltage to each NOCR of the plurality of NOCRs 502 based on the converted digital input.
  • the apparatus 100 includes 40 rows * 40 columns of NOCRs fabricated over each of the transparent lenses 106.
  • the row driver 902 and the column driver 904 are configured to communicate with a total of 1600 NOCRs (40 rows * 40 columns).
  • an ADC region may be defined with a group of NOCRs. Further, all the NOCRs in the same ADC region may have the same voltage.
  • control unit 112 is configured to calculate voltage for each of the plurality of NOCRs 502 of the transparent lens 106. Therefore, the control unit 112 may generate an “n * m” voltage matrix for each of the plurality of NOCRs 502, where “n” is the number of rows and “m” is the number of columns of the plurality of NOCRs 502.
  • control unit 112 may also be configured to apply a corresponding voltage from the n * m voltage matrix to a corresponding NOCR of the plurality of NOCRs 502.
  • control unit 112 is configured to generate a 40 *40 matrix as shown in Table 4. 001101 ⁇ 123010 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 2 15100 ⁇ 332011 Table 4
  • Each element of the matrix illustrated in Table 4 represents the voltage to be applied to the corresponding NOCR 502 of the apparatus 100.
  • the value “001101” in Table 4 represents the voltage of 001 mV (Millivolts) (first three digits of the value “001101”) to be applied to the electrodes E0, E1, E4, and E5 (corresponding to the input value of “101”, as mentioned in last three digits of the value “001101”, to the 3 * 8 decoder).
  • the value of “001101” is applicable for each NOC 3 ⁇ ZLWKLQ ⁇ >12&5 ⁇ @ ⁇ DV ⁇ LOOXVtrated in FIG. 9.
  • the array of NOCs 306 may be subdivided into 8 ADC regions. The time taken to refresh each NOCR within one ADC region is shown in Table 5.
  • each of the transparent lenses 106 may be of 2 inches * 1 inch dimension. Further, each ADC region includes 10 columns and 20 rows of NOCRs, i.e., 200 NOCRs. Further, a standard ADC conversion time is 40 microseconds ( ⁇ s). Thus, a total of 0.008 seconds (200 * 40 ⁇ s) is required to completely refresh one frame in one ADC region for all NOCRs, which is lesser than a normal eye that may process one frame at 0.0167 seconds. Therefore, the row driver and the column driver along with the ADC refresh the frames more quickly in the apparatus 100 such that the normal eye can see a continuous image view through the apparatus 100.
  • astigmatism which can result in blurry vision because the cornea is not perfectly shaped to direct light into the eye
  • presbyopia which is farsightedness that’s caused by the loss of elasticity of the eye’s lens due to aging
  • conditions like age-related farsightedness or presbyopia may start to affect one’s vision for aged people.
  • the apparatus 100 may adjust the vision based on the wearer’s eye lens power and act as progressive lenses or bifocal lenses.
  • control unit 112 may also be configured to determine a light source having a brightness level greater than a threshold value associated with at least one object of the plurality of objects captured in the plurality of images by the pair of cameras 108.
  • the control unit 112 is further configured to calculate a voltage, utilizing the AI or ML module, corresponding to a group of NOCs within the array of NOCs that are receiving the determined light source. Based on the calculated voltage on each NOC of the group of NOCs, the control unit 112 is configured to apply the calculated voltage to adjust the refractive index of each NOC of the group of NOCs such that the brightness level of the light source is reduced.
  • the apparatus 100 may control the high intensity of the incident light to adjust the brightness of the light passing through the transparent lens 106 of the apparatus 100.
  • a driver drives a vehicle at night and receives a sudden high intensity of light from a headlight of a car coming from an opposite direction.
  • the driver may be unable to see the road ahead due to the high intensity of light in the driver’s eye which may cause a fatal accident.
  • the apparatus 100 of the present invention is configured to determine such high-intensity light and reduces the intensity of the light by controlling the refractive index of that particular portion so that the driver can see other objects clearly.
  • the apparatus 100 may be utilized as a windscreen of the vehicle to reduce the intensity of light to clearly show the objects in front of the driver.
  • control unit 112 is configured to analyze the image or series of images captured by the pair of cameras 108 utilizing an AI module.
  • FIG.10 illustrates a flow chart of a method for tuning lens power with reference to the wearer’s eye vision, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 discloses the flow chart 1000 for tuning the lens power in the apparatus 100 to clearly show the object to the wearer’s eye based on the wearer’s eye vision.
  • the apparatus 100 includes the frame 102, the pair of temples 104 configured to be capable of being opened and closed against the frame 102, the pair of transparent lenses 106 each including the first layer 302 and the second layer 304, the array of nano optic cells (NOCs) 306 arranged sequentially in between the first layer 302 and the second layer 304, the pair of cameras 108, the one or more input interfaces 110, and the control unit 112.
  • the flow of the method starts from operation 1002.
  • the method 1000 includes capturing a plurality of images by the pair of cameras 108 viewed from a wearer’s line of sight.
  • the pair of cameras 108 is installed in such a way that the line of sight of the wearer’s eye is the same as of focusing angle of the pair of cameras 108.
  • the flow of operation now proceeds to operation 1004.
  • the method 1000 includes receiving a wearer input via the one or more input interfaces 110 including lens power information associated with eyesight of the wearer’s eyes. Further, the control unit 112 is configured to store the lens power information in the memory unit. The flow of operation now proceeds to operation 1006.
  • the method 1000 includes determining a position of each of one or more objects in the captured plurality of images. The control unit 112 is configured to determine the position of each of the one or more objects from the plurality of captured images.
  • the method 1000 includes calculating a voltage utilizing the AI or ML module to be applied on each of the array of NOCs 306 based on the lens power information and the determined position of each of the one or more objects.
  • the control unit 112 is configured to determine the voltage to be applied on each NOCR 502, which in turn applies the voltage of each of the array of NOCs 306.
  • the method further includes applying a voltage to the NOCR 502 such that a refractive index for each NOC in a group of NOCs within the NOCR is same.
  • the flow of operation now proceeds to operation 1010.
  • the method 1000 includes applying the calculated voltage to each NOC in each of the array of NOCs 306 for controlling a refractive index of each NOC to adjust a power of the pair of transparent lenses 106 such that the wearer of the smart glass apparatus perceives the one or more objects clearly.
  • the control unit 112 is configured to apply the calculated voltage in each NOCR 502 to subsequently control the refractive index of each NOC of the array of NOCs 306.
  • the control unit 112 is further configured to apply a voltage to the corresponding NOCRs such that a refractive index of the corresponding NOCRs is adjusted in accordance with the lens power information.
  • the wearer clearly visualizes the object that appeared in front through the apparatus 100.
  • the method 1000 further includes applying the calculated voltage by the decoder of the control unit 112 in one or more corner portions of each of a pair of electrodes 702 in each NOC in the array of NOCs 306 for adjusting a refractive index of one or more NOCs in the array of NOCs based on the applied voltage.
  • the pair of cameras 108 senses that the wearer looks at the nearby objects. The pair of cameras 108 captures the plurality of images.
  • the control unit 112 is configured to determine one or more objects from the plurality of captured images.
  • the control unit 112 is further configured to determine that the object relates to reading materials.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a flow chart of a method for controlling the brightness of high- intensity light by tuning lens power, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG.11 discloses the flow chart 1100 for controlling the sudden high-intensity light in the apparatus 100 by tuning lens power for a portion of the transparent lens 106 without hindering the vision of other portions of the transparent lens 106.
  • the method 1100 includes determining a light source having a brightness level greater than a threshold value associated with at least one object of the plurality of objects captured in the plurality of images.
  • the control unit 112 is configured to determine the light source having a brightness level greater than the threshold value from the plurality of images captured by the pair of cameras 108.
  • the threshold value of light intensity may correspond to 11 luminance (lm).
  • the method 1100 includes calculating a voltage corresponding to a group of NOCs within the array of NOCs that are receiving the determined light source.
  • the control unit 112 is configured to calculate the voltage by utilizing the AI module stored in the memory unit.
  • the flow of operation now proceeds to operation 1106.
  • the method 1100 includes applying the calculated voltage to control the refractive index of each NOC of the group of NOCs such that the brightness level of the light source is reduced.
  • the control unit 112 is configured to apply the calculated voltage to control the refractive index of the group of NOCs to control the portion of the transparent lens 106 on which the high-brightness light source is received.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a graph of applied voltage against the dioptre of the apparatus, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates that the voltage of 0.001 mV in the NOC may cause the dioptre of the apparatus to -32.5 D.
  • the voltage of 4.866 mV in the NOC may cause the dioptre of the apparatus to 35.0 D.
  • the control unit 112 may calculate the voltage to control the refractive index of the NOC.
  • the apparatus automatically control the sudden high brightness of the light to aid the driver in driving during nighttime.
  • the apparatus may be utilized as a smart glass for the wearer or a smart visor in a vehicle.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil et un procédé de réglage de puissance d'une lentille intelligente. L'appareil comprend une paire de lentilles transparentes. En outre, l'appareil comprend un réseau de nano-cellules optiques (NOC) disposées dans la paire de lentilles transparentes et une paire de caméras pour capturer une pluralité d'images visualisées à partir de la ligne de visée d'un utilisateur. En outre, l'appareil comprend une unité de commande pour déterminer la position de chacun d'un ou de plusieurs objets parmi la pluralité d'images capturées. L'unité de commande est configurée pour calculer une tension à appliquer à chaque NOC sur la base des informations de puissance de lentille du porteur et de la position déterminée du ou des objets. En outre, l'unité de commande est configurée pour appliquer la tension calculée à chaque NOC du réseau de NOC pour commander un indice de réfraction afin d'ajuster une puissance de la paire de lentilles transparentes.
PCT/IN2023/050260 2022-03-18 2023-03-17 Appareil et procédé de réglage de puissance d'une lentille intelligente WO2023175634A1 (fr)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20150234187A1 (en) * 2014-02-18 2015-08-20 Aliphcom Adaptive optics
WO2020245680A1 (fr) * 2019-06-02 2020-12-10 Optica Amuka (A.A.) Ltd. Aide à la vision ajustable électriquement destiné au traitement de la myopie
US20210389591A1 (en) * 2020-06-03 2021-12-16 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Device and method for displaying augmented reality

Patent Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20150234187A1 (en) * 2014-02-18 2015-08-20 Aliphcom Adaptive optics
WO2020245680A1 (fr) * 2019-06-02 2020-12-10 Optica Amuka (A.A.) Ltd. Aide à la vision ajustable électriquement destiné au traitement de la myopie
US20210389591A1 (en) * 2020-06-03 2021-12-16 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Device and method for displaying augmented reality

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Title
NITISH PADMANABAN ; ROBERT K. KONRAD ; GORDON WETZSTEIN: "Autofocals: Evaluating gaze-contingent eyeglasses for presbyopes", ACM, 2 PENN PLAZA, SUITE 701NEW YORKNY10121-0701USA, 28 June 2019 (2019-06-28) - 1 August 2019 (2019-08-01), 2 Penn Plaza, Suite 701New YorkNY10121-0701USA , pages 1 - 2, XP058438417, ISBN: 978-1-4503-6317-4, DOI: 10.1145/3306307.3328147 *

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