WO2023174156A1 - 一种防护隔离头罩 - Google Patents

一种防护隔离头罩 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023174156A1
WO2023174156A1 PCT/CN2023/080585 CN2023080585W WO2023174156A1 WO 2023174156 A1 WO2023174156 A1 WO 2023174156A1 CN 2023080585 W CN2023080585 W CN 2023080585W WO 2023174156 A1 WO2023174156 A1 WO 2023174156A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
base cover
cover
guide rail
pipeline
fixed base
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/080585
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
励伟定
赵洪照
鲍银宗
Original Assignee
宁波凯福莱特种汽车有限公司
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Application filed by 宁波凯福莱特种汽车有限公司 filed Critical 宁波凯福莱特种汽车有限公司
Publication of WO2023174156A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023174156A1/zh

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G10/00—Treatment rooms or enclosures for medical purposes
    • A61G10/005—Isolators, i.e. enclosures generally comprising flexible walls for maintaining a germ-free environment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G1/00—Stretchers
    • A61G1/04—Parts, details or accessories, e.g. head-, foot-, or like rests specially adapted for stretchers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G7/00—Beds specially adapted for nursing; Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons
    • A61G7/05—Parts, details or accessories of beds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/16—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using physical phenomena
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/10—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets or pads having plane surfaces

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of protective hoods, specifically a protective isolation hood.
  • Effective protection during the epidemic is the most effective and important necessary measure to prevent the spread and infection of the virus in addition to medical treatment measures.
  • Possible transmission routes of the COVID-19 virus and its evolved variants include droplet transmission, close contact transmission, and aerosol transmission in a closed environment.
  • cutting off the transmission path of the virus is a key step in the protective measures against respiratory infectious diseases.
  • the protection measures to cut off the virus transmission path one is passive protection against unknown sources of the virus, including personal wearing masks, medical staff wearing protective clothing and other protective measures; the other is active protection against known virus sources, including all necessary Isolation measures, such as setting up isolation warehouses, residential isolation, negative pressure ambulance isolation for patient transport, etc.
  • the Chinese Ministry of Health has put forward relevant technical requirements for the development and use of negative pressure protection equipment, and formulated relevant industry standards including the following requirements: (1) Relative pressure: When starting the negative pressure device, the relative pressure in the cabin should In -30pa ⁇ -10Pa. (2) High-efficiency filter efficiency: The air filter's filtration rate for aerosol particles with a particle size of 0.3 microns should be greater than 99.7%. (3) Structure and composition: The air purification system should consist of an air inlet, purification exhaust device, control and monitoring device. The purification and exhaust device consists of an exhaust fan, an air filter and a sterilizer. Air filters and sterilizers should be installed at the suction inlet of the purification and exhaust device.
  • the air inlet and outlet should be basically arranged according to the diagonal principle of top in and bottom out, forward and back out.
  • the control and detection device should be placed in the cab for easy operation and control.
  • Reasonable arrangement of air inlets and outlets allows the air in the cabin to form a relatively stable airflow, minimizing the source of cross-infection between doctors and patients during transportation and transfer.
  • the air in the cabin uniformly passes through the exhaust outlet, is purified by a high-efficiency air filter device and an ultraviolet sterilization device, and then discharged outside the vehicle, ensuring environmental safety.
  • the transfer process from the patient's physical location to the isolation treatment ward of the hospital is divided into three stages.
  • the first stage is when the patient is transported from the patient's physical location to the ambulance.
  • the second stage is when the patient is in the ambulance.
  • the third stage is the transfer of patients from the ambulance to the isolation treatment ward.
  • medical staff are close contacts of COVID-19 patients. Especially when transferring COVID-19 patients between various stages, medical staff are exposed to high-risk working environments. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the absolute safety of medical personnel's immunity within each process and at the interface between each process.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an isolation protective hood that can play an isolation and protective role during the transfer of COVID-19 patients from home to ambulance and from ambulance to hospital isolation ward.
  • the present invention provides a protective isolation hood, which includes a fixed base cover, a rotating auxiliary cover, a base cover sliding seat and a guide rail support seat.
  • the guide rail support seat is connected to the base cover sliding seat, and the fixed base
  • the cover is installed on the sliding seat of the base cover, and the rotating auxiliary cover is rotated on the fixed base cover.
  • the first isolation soft film is provided on the end of the rotating auxiliary cover and away from the fixed base cover.
  • the fixed base cover and the rotating auxiliary cover It forms a protective space with the first isolation soft film.
  • the fixed base cover is provided with a filter box.
  • the filter box is located in the protective space.
  • the filter box is provided with a sterilization filter.
  • the guide rail support seat is provided with a first exhaust port.
  • An exhaust fan is provided in the first exhaust port for discharging the air in the protective space to the outside.
  • the exhaust fan is connected to a power supply.
  • the first exhaust port and the filter box are connected through a first pipeline.
  • the protective isolation hood of the present invention has the following advantages: during the transfer process of COVID-19 patients from the body to the ambulance, and from the ambulance to the isolation ward of the hospital, the patient's head is located in the protective space, and through the discharge
  • the air fan discharges the air in the protective space from the first exhaust port through the first pipeline, so that the air in the protective space cannot escape from other gaps other than the first exhaust port, forming a safe negative pressure in the protective space. environment, and when the air passes through the filter box, the sterilizing filter filters the aerosols in the air.
  • the filtration efficiency for particles with a diameter of 0.3 microns is greater than 99.7%, blocking the leakage of infectious sources and ensuring the safety of medical staff and the surrounding environment.
  • the sterilization filter can disinfect virus-containing aerosols, further improving the protective isolation effect during the transfer process, preventing medical staff or ordinary people from being infected, and solving the protection requirements of the terminal first aid link. It also satisfies the patient's comfort and improves the convenience and first-aid efficiency for medical staff to implement emergency rescue measures for patients during ambulance transfer. At the same time, it takes into account the patient's comfort, the full protection requirements of epidemic prevention, the convenience and first-aid efficiency.
  • the present invention can effectively solve the absolute safety problem of immunization of medical personnel in the first and third stages, and at the same time, can effectively improve the five practical problems that arise in the practical use of negative pressure ambulances in the second stage; and in The use effect, convenience, first aid function, etc. can facilitate medical staff to provide patients with very humane and comfortable first aid treatment; at the same time, it also solves the following five problems existing in existing ambulances: (1) Medical cabin The efficiency of internal air convection in purifying pollution sources needs to be improved; (2) the sealing performance of the medical cabin needs to be improved; (3) the stability of the negative pressure system for heating and cooling air conditioners; (4) the lack of protection for the last 100 meters; (5) treatment Protection for the first 100 meters.
  • a second exhaust port is provided on the fixed base cover.
  • a second exhaust port is detachably connected to the second exhaust port.
  • the second pipeline is externally connected to a negative pressure source outside the cover.
  • a sealing sheet is connected to the fixed base cover.
  • the sealing sheet seals the second exhaust port.
  • the sealing sheet seals the second exhaust port.
  • the second pipeline pushes the sealing piece away from the second exhaust port and connects the second pipeline to the protective space; with this structure, when the second pipeline and the second exhaust port are not connected yet, the exposed second row
  • the air vent can easily cause the air in the protective space to leak out, and the sealing sheet seals the second exhaust port to prevent the air in the cover from leaking.
  • the sealing sheet is automatically pushed open when inserted into the second pipe, and there is no need to manually open it, so that Safer and more convenient to use.
  • the present invention also includes a switch.
  • a sensor for sensing the second pipeline is provided at the second exhaust port.
  • the switch and the sensor are electrically connected to the power supply.
  • the sensor senses the connection of the second pipeline. Whether or not, when the second pipeline is not connected, the power supply is controlled through the sensor to cause the exhaust fan to rotate and filtration and sterilization begin. When the second pipeline is connected, the power supply is turned off. If necessary, the exhaust fan is directly controlled through the switch. Opening and closing.
  • a guide rail is provided on the side of the base cover sliding seat, and a guide rail guide groove block is provided on the side of the guide rail support seat.
  • the guide rail guide groove block and the guide rail are slidingly connected in the horizontal direction and the base cover sliding seat and the guide rail support seat are slidingly connected.
  • the base cover sliding seat is also provided with a locking assembly for fixing the base cover sliding seat and the guide rail support seat; with this structure, since the present invention needs to be used with a stretcher or a hospital bed, the guide rail and the guide rail guide groove block
  • the base cover sliding seat can slide relative to the guide rail support seat, thereby driving the fixed base cover and the rotating auxiliary cover to move, making it convenient for the patient to get on and off the stretcher or hospital bed. After the patient has laid down on the stretcher or hospital bed, the base cover can be slid. base, and move the fixed base cover and rotating auxiliary cover to the position of the patient's head.
  • one end of the base cover sliding seat is provided with a push-pull handle and an unlocking button.
  • the locking component is connected to an electric push rod
  • the unlocking button is electrically connected to the electric push rod.
  • the first pipeline is a retractable pipeline; with this structure, after the base cover sliding seat slides relative to the guide rail support seat, the distance between the fixed base cover and the guide rail support seat becomes longer. At this time, the first The pipeline can be stretched to prevent the excessively long first pipeline from occupying the space in the protective space and causing discomfort to the patient.
  • a second isolation soft film is connected between the base cover sliding seat and the guide rail support seat; with this structure, after the base cover sliding seat slides relative to the guide rail support seat, the second isolation soft film can isolate the base cover The gap between the sliding seat and the guide rail support seat further enhances the protective isolation effect.
  • the fixed base cover is provided with a rotating shaft of the auxiliary cover, and the rotating auxiliary cover is rotated on the rotating shaft of the auxiliary cover.
  • the rotating auxiliary cover is externally connected with a motor for driving the rotating auxiliary cover to rotate; with this structure, the rotation can be achieved by the motor Automatic control of the auxiliary cover, or direct rotation of the auxiliary cover for manual adjustment, which is more convenient to use.
  • the fixed base cover and the rotating auxiliary cover are made of antibacterial and flame-retardant materials; using this structure, the protective effect and safety of the present invention are further improved.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of a protective isolation hood according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of the protective isolation hood from another angle according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the interior of the fixed base cover in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is an exploded structural diagram of the base cover sliding seat and the guide rail support seat in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • a protective isolation head cover includes a fixed base cover 1, a rotating auxiliary cover 2, a base cover sliding seat 3 and a guide rail support seat 4.
  • the fixed base cover 1 and the rotating auxiliary cover 2 They are all made of antibacterial and flame-retardant materials.
  • the guide rail support seat 4 is connected to the base cover sliding seat 3.
  • the fixed base cover 1 is located on the base cover sliding seat 3.
  • the guide rail support seat 4 is connected to the stretcher or stretcher.
  • the hospital bed is connected and remains relatively stationary with the stretcher or hospital bed, and can be connected to various stretchers or hospital beds; the rotating auxiliary cover 2 is rotated on the fixed base cover 1, and is on one end of the rotating auxiliary cover 2 away from the fixed base cover 1
  • a first isolation soft membrane 5 is provided.
  • the fixed base cover 1, the rotating auxiliary cover 2 and the first isolation soft membrane 5 form a protective space.
  • the fixed base cover 1 is provided with a filter box 6, and the filter box 6 is located in the protective space.
  • the filter box 6 is provided with a sterilization filter 7,
  • the guide rail support base 4 is provided with a first exhaust port 8, and the first exhaust port 8 is provided with an exhaust fan 9 for discharging the air in the protective space outwards.
  • the exhaust fan 9 is connected to a power supply, and the first exhaust port 8 and the filter box 6 are connected through the first pipeline 10; in this embodiment, the first exhaust port 8, the exhaust fan 9 and the first pipeline 10 are all There are two.
  • the fixed base cover 1 is also provided with a second exhaust port 11.
  • the second exhaust port 11 is detachably connected to a second pipeline 12, and the second pipeline 12 can be externally connected to the cover. External negative pressure source; a sealing piece 13 is connected to the fixed base cover 1, and the sealing piece 13 is located in the protective space.
  • the sealing piece 13 seals the second row Air port 11, when the second pipeline 12 is connected to the second exhaust port 11, the second pipeline 12 pushes the sealing piece 13 away from the second exhaust port 11 and allows the second pipeline 12 to connect to the protective space; the second row
  • the air port 11 is provided with a sensor for sensing the second pipeline 12.
  • the present invention is also equipped with a switch. The switch and the sensor are electrically connected to the power supply for opening and closing the exhaust fan 9.
  • the patient's head is located in the protective space, and the air in the protective space is blown from the first row through the first pipeline 10 through the exhaust fan 9
  • the air is discharged from the air port 8 according to the path obtained by the smoke test, forming a one-way stable negative pressure exhaust flow field, forming a safe negative pressure environment in the protective space, and when the air passes through the filter box 6, it is sterilized
  • the filter 7 filters aerosols in the air, and the filtration efficiency for particles with a diameter of 0.3 microns is greater than 99.7%, blocking the leakage of infectious sources, ensuring the cleanliness and safety of the patient's surrounding environment, and ensuring the safety of medical staff.
  • the disinfection filter 7 in is a long-lasting antibacterial disinfection filter with self-disinfection function. It can disinfect virus-containing aerosols and can be used for up to three months. It has high disinfection reliability and further improves the efficiency of disinfection.
  • the protective isolation effect during the transfer process prevents medical staff from being infected, solves the protection requirements of the terminal first aid link, meets the comfort of patients, and improves the convenience for medical staff to implement emergency rescue measures for patients during ambulance transfer.
  • the first pipeline 10 protection is switched to the second To protect the pipeline 12, insert the second pipeline 12 on the second exhaust port 11 and connect it to the negative pressure source outside the hood. The inserted second pipeline 12 pushes open the sealing piece 13, and then directly passes through the negative pressure source outside the hood. Stable isolation protection is carried out. At this time, the sensor senses the second pipe 12. After a certain flow field stabilization delay, the power supply can be controlled to cut off so that the exhaust fan 9 stops rotating and is completely transformed into the second pipe.
  • Line 12 protection control in order to achieve zero gap protection and ensure no leakage of protection, the first pipeline 10 and the second pipeline 12 must be interlocked. After unplugging the second pipeline 12, the sensor senses When the second pipeline 12 is pulled out, the control power supply is energized to cause the exhaust fan 9 to rotate. If necessary, the exhaust fan 9 can be started and stopped directly through the switch; when the second pipeline 12 is pulled out, the sealing piece 13 automatically seals Block the second exhaust port 11; in this embodiment, the sealing piece 13 is made of an elastic silicone rubber piece to achieve automatic sealing, and the sensor can be a sensor or a travel switch.
  • the base cover sliding seat 3 and the guide rail support seat 4 are both U-shaped, and the base cover sliding seat 3 is provided with guide rails 14 on the side, and the guide rail support seat 4 is provided with guide rail guide groove blocks 15 on the side.
  • the guide rail block 15 is slidingly connected to the guide rail 14 in the horizontal direction and the base cover sliding seat 3 is slidingly connected to the guide rail support seat 4.
  • the base cover sliding seat 3 is also provided with a guide rail support for fixing the base cover sliding seat 3.
  • the locking component of the base 4; one end of the base cover sliding seat 3 is provided with a push-pull handle 16 and an unlocking button 17.
  • the locking component is connected to an electric push rod, and the unlocking button 17 is electrically connected to the electric push rod;
  • the first pipeline 10 is The telescopic pipeline, that is, the corrugated hose, is connected with a second isolation soft membrane 18 between the base cover sliding seat 3 and the guide rail support seat 4; specifically, the position of the patient lying flat on a stretcher or hospital bed is used as a reference.
  • the left and right sides of the seat cover sliding seat 3 are provided with guide rails 14, and the left and right sides of the guide rail support seat 4 are provided with guide rail guide groove blocks 15, and the guide rail support seat 4 is located in the base cover sliding seat 3, and is basically The sliding direction of the seat cover sliding seat 3 relative to the guide rail support seat 4 is along the length of the stretcher or hospital bed, and the push-pull handle 16 and the unlocking button 17 are located at one end of the left and right sides of the base cover sliding seat 3, that is, the width One end; and the two ends of the second isolation soft film 18 are respectively connected to the width end of the base cover sliding seat 3 and the width end of the guide rail support seat 4; the locking assembly includes a limiter and a lever, and the limiter is clamped on the guide rail support After the limit hole on the base 4, the base cover sliding seat 3 and the guide rail support base 4 are fixed. After the limit member is moved out of the limit hole by turning the lever, the base cover sliding seat 3 can slide. By pressing The unlock button 17 controls the electric push rod to
  • the fixed base cover 1 is provided with an auxiliary cover rotating shaft 19.
  • the rotating auxiliary cover 2 is rotatably mounted on the auxiliary cover rotating shaft 19.
  • the rotating auxiliary cover 2 is externally connected with a motor 20 for driving the rotating auxiliary cover 2 to rotate. Since the present invention needs to be used with a stretcher or a hospital bed, the arrangement of the guide rail 14 and the guide rail guide block 15 allows the base cover sliding seat 3 to slide relative to the guide rail support seat 4, thereby driving the fixed base cover 1 and the rotating auxiliary cover 2 to move.
  • the base cover sliding seat 3 after the patient has laid down on the stretcher or hospital bed, and move the fixed base cover 1 and the rotating auxiliary cover 2 to the position of the patient's head; After the sliding base 3 slides relative to the guide rail support base 4, the distance between the fixed base cover 1 and the guide rail support base 4 becomes longer. At this time, the first pipeline 10 is stretched.
  • the use of the telescopic first pipeline 10 can prevent The overly long first pipeline 10 occupies the space in the protective space, causing discomfort to the patient; after the base cover sliding seat 3 slides relative to the guide rail support seat 4, the second isolation soft film 18 can isolate the base cover from sliding.
  • the negative pressure isolation cabin of this invention is powered by batteries and is not suitable for tasks requiring long-distance transportation. Moreover, the discharged air is only filtered and not disinfected, so there is still a risk of infection. , and the patient is in a completely enclosed space during the transfer process, making it impossible to carry out efficient and complex treatment. The patient's comfort is poor, and it is not suitable for special groups suffering from claustrophobia.
  • the present invention uses a semi-closed isolation device to When the ambulance is on board, it can be powered by the vehicle's power supply system. It is suitable for long-distance and long-term transportation.
  • the exhaust air is not only highly filtered but also disinfected.
  • the semi-enclosed space can carry out efficient and complex treatment. It is also suitable for Special groups suffering from claustrophobia; in addition, compared with the existing semi-closed isolation device, the present invention increases the number of terminal first aid links, that is, from the patient to the ambulance, and from the ambulance to the hospital.
  • the protection requirements during the process of isolating the ward further improve the protection and isolation effect, and patients can be efficiently isolated in a small local space in the ward.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Nursing (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Accommodation For Nursing Or Treatment Tables (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种防护隔离头罩，包括固定基座罩、转动副罩、基座罩滑动座和导轨支撑座，导轨支撑座连接基座罩滑动座，固定基座罩设于基座罩滑动座上，转动副罩转动设于固定基座罩上，转动副罩上且远离固定基座罩的一端设有第一隔离软膜，固定基座罩、转动副罩与第一隔离软膜构成一个防护空间，固定基座罩上设有过滤盒，过滤盒位于防护空间内，过滤盒上设有消杀过滤网，导轨支撑座上设有第一排气口，第一排气口内设有用于将防护空间的空气向外排出的排气扇，排气扇连接有电源，第一排气口与过滤盒通过第一管路连通；以解决现有技术中的非封闭式装置无法对末端急救环节进行隔离防护的技术问题。

Description

一种防护隔离头罩 技术领域
本发明涉及防护头罩技术领域，具体讲是指一种防护隔离头罩。
 背景技术
疫情中的有效防护是除医疗救治举措外防止病毒扩散、传染的最有效和最重要的必举措施。结合2003年SARS病毒疫情发生以来包括 H1N1、中东呼吸综合征等在内的呼吸道传染类疾病所引发的大规模疫情防疫抗疫经验证明：防护措施中，阻止病毒从病患传染给医护人员或周边未感染人员是阻止疫情扩散、控制疫情的关键核心工作所在。
COVID-19 病毒及其进化变种病毒可能的传播途径包括飞沫传播、密切接触传播以及密闭环境下的气溶胶传播。显然，针对呼吸道传染类疫情的防护措施中，切断病毒的传播路径是防护措施中的关键环节工作。切断病毒传播路径的防护中，一种是针对病毒来源未知的被动式防护，包括个人佩戴口罩、医护人员穿戴防护服等防护措施；另一种是针对病毒来源已知的主动式防护，包括一切必要的隔离措施，如设置隔离仓、住所隔离、病患转运负压救护车隔离等。
主动式隔离防护措施中，针对病患需要转运，尤其是急需救助治疗的重症病患，从患者身处所在地到医院隔离救治病房的转运过程中，需要借助专用医疗救护设备对病患进行转运；专用医疗救护设备使用中，有封闭式和非封闭式两种基本类型可用，封闭式专用设备的使用有诸多缺陷和不适用，已逐步被医疗系统所弃用；非封闭式专用设备中，基于负压防扩散的专用设备其防护效果非常明显，使用可靠，可操作性好而为医疗系统所重视和采用。为此，中国卫生部针对负压防护设备的研发和使用提出了相关技术要求，并制定了包含以下要求的相关的行业标准：(1)相对压强：启动负压装置时，舱内相对压强应在 -30pa～-10Pa。(2)高效过滤器效率：空气过滤器对粒径0.3微米微粒气溶胶滤出率应大于99.7％。(3)结构与组成：空气净化系统应由进风口、净化排风装置、控制和监测装置组成。净化排风装置由排风风扇和空气过滤、消毒器组成。空气过滤、消毒器应设置在净化排风装置的吸入口。进风出口应基本按照上进下排、前进后出的对角原则布置，控制和检测装置应放在驾驶室便于进行操作和控制。(4)作用：在救护舱内形成相对的负压状态，使舱内空气不会任意向外扩散。合理的进出风口布置，使舱内空气形成相对稳定的气流，尽量减少在运送和转运过程中医患交叉染源。舱内空气统一通过排风口，经高效空气过滤器装置、紫外线杀菌装置净化后排出车外，保证了环境的安全性。
从患者身处所在地到医院隔离救治病房的转运过程中，其转运过程分为3 个阶段，第1阶段是病患从身处地到救护车上，第2阶段是病患身处救护车上，第3阶段是病患从救护车转移到隔离救治病房中。在此3个过程中，医护人员作为新冠肺炎患者的密切接触者，尤其在各个阶段之间驳接转运新冠患者时，医护人员都暴露在高风险工作环境下。因而，需要保障在每个过程之内和每个过程之间衔接时医护人员的免染疫绝对安全。
基于上述问题，有单位专门针对第2阶段病患身处救护车上阶段，研发并生产了负压救护车产品，其效果能保障医护人员在此阶段的免染疫绝对安全，但实践使用过程中也还存在5个方面的问题:①医疗舱内空气对流对污染源净化效率有待提高,特别是负压救护车救护舱内空间一般都达到6-8m 3，空间很大，负压净化系统开启以后，相对气压只能到-30pa左右，相对效率很低；②医疗舱的密封性性能有待提高；③冷暖空调的使用负压系统稳定性；④缺乏前一百米的防护；⑤缺乏最后一百米的防护。
针对第1、第3阶段的医护人员的免染疫绝对安全，目前现有技术中，还没有十分成熟的技术路线和产品。现有的技术路线分为负压隔离舱和半封闭的隔离装置；负压隔离舱存在使用步骤繁琐、舒适性差、急救效率低、未对病毒进行消杀处理，紧急情况下，例如电源缺电时容易产生安全隐患等缺点，其次是此类产品给病患所提供的隔离延伸有限，此类装置产品以逐步被医疗机构所弃用；而半封闭的隔离装置则只能用于救护车上使用，不能满足末端急救环节，即患者身处地到救护车、从救护车到医院隔离救治病房过程中转运的防护要求，在该过程中的转运仍有传染医护人员和周边人员的可能性。
 技术问题
针对现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种能够在将新冠患者从家到救护车、从救护车到医院隔离病房的转运过程中起到隔离防护作用的隔离防护头罩。
 技术解决方案
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种防护隔离头罩，包括固定基座罩、转动副罩、基座罩滑动座和导轨支撑座，导轨支撑座连接基座罩滑动座，固定基座罩设于基座罩滑动座上，转动副罩转动设于固定基座罩上，转动副罩上且远离固定基座罩的一端设有第一隔离软膜，固定基座罩、转动副罩与第一隔离软膜构成一个防护空间，固定基座罩上设有过滤盒，过滤盒位于防护空间内，过滤盒上设有消杀过滤网，导轨支撑座上设有第一排气口，第一排气口内设有用于将防护空间的空气向外排出的排气扇，排气扇连接有电源，第一排气口与过滤盒通过第一管路连通。
采用上述结构后，本发明一种防护隔离头罩具有以下优点：在新冠患者从身处地到救护车，从救护车到医院隔离病房的转运过程中，患者头部位于防护空间内，通过排气扇将防护空间内的空气经第一管路从第一排气口排出，使得防护空间内的空气无法从第一排气口以外的其他间隙溢出，在防护空间内形成一个安全的负压环境，并且空气在经过过滤盒时，消杀过滤网对空气中的气溶胶进行过滤，对0.3微米直径的微粒的过滤效率大于99.7％，阻断传染源外泄，保障医护人员和周边环境的洁净、安全，同时消杀过滤网能够对带有病毒的气溶胶进行消毒，进一步提高了在转运过程中的防护隔离效果，防止医护人员或普通群众被传染，解决了末端急救环节的防护要求，并满足患者使用的舒适性，提高了在救护车转运过程中医护人员对患者实施应急救援措施的便捷性和急救效率，同时兼顾了患者舒适性、防疫的全环节防护要求、急救的便捷性和效率；本发明能有效解决第1阶段、第3阶段医护人员的免染疫绝对安全问题，同时，能针对第2阶段负压救护车实践使用中出现的5个实践问题进行有效改善；并且在使用效果、方便性、急救功能等方面能方便医护人员为病患提供非常人性化舒适性的急救治疗；同时还解决了现有救护车上存在的以下5个方面的问题：(1)医疗舱内空气对流对污染源净化效率有待提高；(2)医疗舱的密封性性能有待提高；(3)冷暖空调的使用负压系统稳定性；(4)缺乏最后一百米的防护；(5)救治前100米的防护。
作为改进，固定基座罩上设有第二排气口，第二排气口上可拆卸连接有第二管路，第二管路外接有罩外负压源；采用此种结构，在将患者送至救护车上或医院隔离病房后，通过第二排气口和第二管路连接负压源，直接通过负压源进行稳定的隔离防护。
作为改进，固定基座罩上连接有封口片，当第二管路与第二排气口未连接时，封口片封住第二排气口，当第二管路连接第二排气口时，第二管路将封口片顶离第二排气口并使得第二管路连通防护空间；采用此种结构，当第二管路与第二排气口尚未连接时，裸露的第二排气口容易导致防护空间内的空气外泄，而封口片封住第二排气口后可防止罩内空气外泄，封口片在插入第二管路自动被顶开，无需手动拨开，使得使用更加安全方便。
作为改进，本发明还包括开关，第二排气口处设有用于感应第二管路的感应器，开关、感应器与电源电连接；采用此种结构，感应器感应第二管路的连接与否，在第二管路未连接时，通过感应器控制电源使得排气扇转动，开始过滤消杀，而第二管路连接时，电源关闭，必要时，通过开关直接控制排气扇的开闭。
作为改进，基座罩滑动座侧边设有导轨，导轨支撑座侧边设有导轨导槽块，导轨导槽块与导轨沿水平方向滑动连接并使得基座罩滑动座与导轨支撑座滑动连接，基座罩滑动座上还设有用于固定基座罩滑动座和导轨支撑座的锁止组件；采用此种结构，由于本发明使用时需配合担架或病床使用，导轨和导轨导槽块的设置使得基座罩滑动座可相对导轨支撑座滑动，从而带动固定基座罩和转动副罩移动，方便患者上下担架或病床，在患者已在担架或病床上躺好以后再滑动基座罩滑动座，将固定基座罩和转动副罩移动至患者头部位置。
作为改进，基座罩滑动座一端设有推拉把手和解锁按钮，锁止组件连接有电动推杆，解锁按钮与电动推杆电连接；采用此种结构，通过推拉把手方便推拉基座罩滑动座，而且推拉把手和解锁按钮位于基座罩滑动座的同一端，方便在推拉时直接按下解锁按钮来控制电动推杆，使得锁止组件将基座罩滑动座与导轨支撑座解锁，使用更加方便。
作为改进，第一管路为可伸缩管路；采用此种结构，在基座罩滑动座相对导轨支撑座滑动之后，固定基座罩与导轨支撑座之间的距离变长，此时第一管路可被拉伸，防止因设置过长的第一管路占用防护空间内的空间，引起患者的不适感。
作为改进，基座罩滑动座与导轨支撑座之间连接有第二隔离软膜；采用此种结构，在基座罩滑动座相对导轨支撑座滑动后，第二隔离软膜可以隔离基座罩滑动座和导轨支撑座之间的空隙，进一步加强防护隔离的效果。
作为改进，固定基座罩上设有副罩转轴，转动副罩转动设于副罩转轴上，转动副罩上外接有用于驱动转动副罩转动的电机；采用此种结构，可通过电机实现转动副罩的自动化控制，亦或是直接转动转动副罩进行手动调节，更加方便使用。
作为改进，固定基座罩和转动副罩均由抗菌阻燃材料制成；采用此种结构，进一步提高本发明的防护作用和安全性。
 附图说明
图1为本发明实施例防护隔离头罩的立体结构示意图。
图2为本发明实施例防护隔离头罩另一角度的立体结构示意图。
图3为本发明实施例中固定基座罩内部的结构示意图。
图4为本发明实施例中基座罩滑动座和导轨支撑座的分解结构示意图。
附图标记：1、固定基座罩；2、转动副罩；3、基座罩滑动座；4、导轨支撑座；5、第一隔离软膜；6、过滤盒；7、消杀过滤网；8、第一排气口；9、排气扇；10、第一管路；11、第二排气口；12、第二管路；13、封口片；14、导轨；15、导轨导槽块；16、推拉把手；17、解锁按钮；18、第二隔离软膜； 19、副罩转轴；20、电机。
 具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明一种防护隔离头罩作详细说明。
如图1至图4所示，一种防护隔离头罩，包括固定基座罩1、转动副罩2、基座罩滑动座3和导轨支撑座4，固定基座罩1和转动副罩2均由抗菌阻燃材料制成，导轨支撑座4连接基座罩滑动座3，固定基座罩1设于基座罩滑动座 3上，其中，在使用过程中，导轨支撑座4与担架或病床连接并且与担架或病床保持相对静止，并且可连接各种不同的担架或病床；转动副罩2转动设于固定基座罩1上，转动副罩2上且远离固定基座罩1的一端设有第一隔离软膜5，固定基座罩1、转动副罩2与第一隔离软膜5构成一个防护空间，固定基座罩1上设有过滤盒6，过滤盒6位于防护空间内，过滤盒6上设有消杀过滤网7，导轨支撑座4上设有第一排气口8，第一排气口8内设有用于将防护空间的空气向外排出的排气扇9，排气扇9连接有电源，第一排气口8与过滤盒6通过第一管路10连通；本实施例中，第一排气口8、排气扇9和第一管路10均设有两个。
如图2和图3所示，固定基座罩1上还设有第二排气口11，第二排气口 11上可拆卸连接有第二管路12，第二管路12可外接罩外负压源；固定基座罩1上连接有封口片13，封口片13位于防护空间内，当第二管路12与第二排气口11未连接时，封口片13封住第二排气口11，当第二管路12连接第二排气口11时，第二管路12将封口片13顶离第二排气口11并使得第二管路 12连通防护空间；第二排气口11处设有用于感应第二管路12的感应器，本发明还配置有开关，开关、感应器与电源电连接，用以排气扇9的启闭。
在新冠患者从家到救护车，从救护车到医院隔离病房的转运过程中，患者头部位于防护空间内，通过排气扇9将防护空间内的空气经第一管路10从第一排气口8排出，依照烟雾试验所得出的路径排气，形成单向稳定的负压排气流动场，在防护空间内形成一个安全的负压环境，并且空气在经过过滤盒6时，消杀过滤网7对空气中的气溶胶进行过滤，对0.3微米直径的微粒的过滤效率大于99.7％，阻断传染源外泄，保障患者周边环境的洁净、安全，确保医护人员的安全，同时本发明中的消杀过滤网7是带自消毒功能的长效抗菌消毒滤网，能够对带有病毒的气溶胶进行消毒，并且使用时长可达三个月，消杀可靠性高，进一步提高了在转运过程中的防护隔离效果，防止医护人员被传染，解决了末端急救环节的防护要求，并满足患者使用的舒适性，提高了在救护车转运过程中医护人员对患者实施应急救援措施的便捷性和急救效率，同时兼顾了患者舒适性、防疫的全环节防护要求、急救的便捷性和效率；在将患者送至救护车上或医院隔离病房后，由第一管路10防护转为第二管路12防护，在第二排气口11上插上第二管路12并连接罩外负压源，插入的第二管路12将封口片13顶开，然后直接通过罩外负压源进行稳定的隔离防护，而此时，感应器感应到第二管路12，经一定的流道场稳定延时后，即可控制电源断电使得排气扇9停止转动，完全转化为第二管路12防护控制；为达到防护零间隙、确保无漏保的目的，第一管路10和第二管路12之间必须互锁，而在拔掉第二管路12后，感应器感应到第二管路12被拔出，控制电源通电使得排气扇9转动，必要时，可直接通过开关启停排气扇9；而在第二管路12被拔出时，封口片13自动封住第二排气口11；本实施例中，封口片13选用具备弹性的硅橡胶片实现自动封堵，而感应器可选用传感器或行程开关。
如图4所示，基座罩滑动座3和导轨支撑座4均呈U型，而基座罩滑动座3侧边设有导轨14，导轨支撑座4侧边设有导轨导槽块15，导轨导槽块15 与导轨14沿水平方向滑动连接并使得基座罩滑动座3与导轨支撑座4滑动连接，基座罩滑动座3上还设有用于固定基座罩滑动座3和导轨支撑座4的锁止组件；基座罩滑动座3一端设有推拉把手16和解锁按钮17，锁止组件连接有电动推杆，解锁按钮17与电动推杆电连接；第一管路10为可伸缩管路，即波纹软管，基座罩滑动座3与导轨支撑座4之间连接有第二隔离软膜18；具体地，以患者平躺在担架或病床上时的方位进行参考，基座罩滑动座3的左右两侧边均设有导轨14，导轨支撑座4的左右两侧边均设有导轨导槽块15，而导轨支撑座4位于基座罩滑动座3内，并且基座罩滑动座3相对导轨支撑座4的滑动方向为沿担架或病床的长度方向，而推拉把手16和解锁按钮17 则位于基座罩滑动座3的左右两侧边所夹的一端，即宽度一端；而第二隔离软膜18两端分别连接基座罩滑动座3的宽度一端和导轨支撑座4的宽度一端；锁止组件包括限位件和拨杆，限位件卡接在导轨支撑座4上的限位孔之后，基座罩滑动座3和导轨支撑座4固定，通过拨动拨杆将限位件移出限位孔后，基座罩滑动座3可滑动，可通过按下解锁按钮17，控制电动推杆来拨动拨杆，锁止组件的具体结构为现有技术，在此不再赘述。
固定基座罩1上设有副罩转轴19，转动副罩2转动设于副罩转轴19上，转动副罩2上外接有用于驱动转动副罩2转动的电机20。由于本发明使用时需配合担架或病床使用，导轨14和导轨导槽块15的设置使得基座罩滑动座3可相对导轨支撑座4滑动，从而带动固定基座罩1 和转动副罩2移动，方便患者上下担架或病床，在患者已在担架或病床上躺好以后再滑动基座罩滑动座3，将固定基座罩1和转动副罩2移动至患者头部位置；在基座罩滑动座3相对导轨支撑座4滑动之后，固定基座罩1与导轨支撑座4之间的距离变长，此时第一管路10被拉伸，选用可伸缩的第一管路 10可防止因设置过长的第一管路10占用防护空间内的空间，引起患者的不适感；在基座罩滑动座3相对导轨支撑座4滑动后，第二隔离软膜18可以隔离基座罩滑动座3和导轨支撑座4之间的大空隙，进一步加强防护隔离的效果。本发明与封闭式负压隔离舱相比，负压隔离舱由电池供电，不适用于须长途转运的任务，而且排出来的空气仅仅只是过滤，并没有进行消杀处理，仍然存在传染的风险，而且转运过程中患者处于一个完全封闭的空间内，无法进行高效和复杂的救治，患者舒适性差，也不适用于患有幽闭恐惧症的特殊群体，而本发明选用半封闭的隔离装置，在救护车上时可由车辆的供电系统供电，适用于长距离长时间转运，并且排出的空气不仅经过了高效过滤，还进行了消杀，半封闭的空间可进行高效和复杂的救治，也适用于患有幽闭恐惧症的特殊群体；除此之外，本发明相较现有的半封闭的隔离装置，增加了在末端急救环节，即从病患身处地到救护车，从救护车到医院隔离病房过程中的防护要求，进一步提高了防护隔离效果，在病房内可做病患局部小空间高效隔离。上面结合附图对本发明的实施方式作了详细说明，但是本发明并不限于上述一种实施方式，本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种防护隔离头罩，其特征在于，包括固定基座罩(1)、转动副罩(2)、基座罩滑动座(3)和导轨支撑座(4)，所述导轨支撑座(4)连接所述基座罩滑动座(3)，所述固定基座罩(1)设于所述基座罩滑动座(3)上，所述转动副罩(2)转动设于所述固定基座罩(1)上，所述转动副罩(2)上且远离所述固定基座罩(1)的一端设有第一隔离软膜(5)，所述固定基座罩(1)、所述转动副罩(2)与所述第一隔离软膜(5)构成一个防护空间，所述固定基座罩(1)上设有过滤盒(6)，所述过滤盒(6)位于所述防护空间内，所述过滤盒(6)上设有消杀过滤网(7)，所述导轨支撑座(4)上设有第一排气口(8)，所述第一排气口(8)内设有用于将所述防护空间的空气向外排出的排气扇(9)，所述排气扇(9)连接有电源，所述第一排气口(8)与所述过滤盒(6)通过第一管路(10)连通。
  2. .根据权利要求1所述的防护隔离头罩，其特征在于，所述固定基座罩(1)上设有第二排气口(11)，所述第二排气口(11)上可拆卸连接有第二管路(12)，所述第二管路(12)外接有固定基座罩(1)外的负压源。
  3. .根据权利要求2所述的防护隔离头罩，其特征在于，所述固定基座罩(1)上连接有封口片(13)，当所述第二管路(12)与所述第二排气口(11)未连接时，所述封口片(13)封住所述第二排气口(11)，当所述第二管路(12)连接所述第二排气口(11)时，所述第二管路(12)将所述封口片(13)顶离所述第二排气口(11)并使得所述第二管路(12)连通所述防护空间。
  4. .根据权利要求2所述的防护隔离头罩，其特征在于，还包括开关，所述第二排气口(11)处设有用于感应所述第二管路(12)的感应器，所述开关、所述感应器与所述电源电连接。
  5. .根据权利要求1所述的防护隔离头罩，其特征在于，所述基座罩滑动座(3)侧边设有导轨(14)，所述导轨支撑座(4)侧边设有导轨导槽块(15)，所述导轨导槽块(15)与所述导轨(14)沿水平方向滑动连接并使得所述基座罩滑动座(3)与所述导轨支撑座(4)滑动连接，所述基座罩滑动座(3)上还设有用于固定所述基座罩滑动座(3)和所述导轨支撑座(4)的锁止组件。
  6. .根据权利要求5所述的防护隔离头罩，其特征在于，所述基座罩滑动座(3)一端设有推拉把手(16)和解锁按钮(17)，所述锁止组件连接有电动推杆，所述解锁按钮(17)与所述电动推杆电连接。
  7. .根据权利要求5所述的防护隔离头罩，其特征在于，所述第一管路(10)为可伸缩管路。
  8. .根据权利要求5所述的防护隔离头罩，其特征在于，所述基座罩滑动座(3)与所述导轨支撑座(4)之间连接有第二隔离软膜(18)。
  9. .根据权利要求1所述的防护隔离头罩，其特征在于，所述固定基座罩(1)上设有副罩转轴(19)，所述转动副罩(2)转动设于所述副罩转轴(19)上，所述转动副罩(2)上外接有用于驱动所述转动副罩(2)转动的电机(20)。
  10. .根据权利要求1所述的防护隔离头罩，其特征在于，所述固定基座罩(1)和所述转动副罩(2)均由抗菌阻燃材料制成。
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