WO2023173525A1 - 一种用于林业的节水灌溉装置 - Google Patents

一种用于林业的节水灌溉装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023173525A1
WO2023173525A1 PCT/CN2022/086942 CN2022086942W WO2023173525A1 WO 2023173525 A1 WO2023173525 A1 WO 2023173525A1 CN 2022086942 W CN2022086942 W CN 2022086942W WO 2023173525 A1 WO2023173525 A1 WO 2023173525A1
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Prior art keywords
pipe
branch pipe
rod
wall
bevel gear
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PCT/CN2022/086942
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
邱实
邱志鹏
张金响
侯冉
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江苏华源节水股份有限公司
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Application filed by 江苏华源节水股份有限公司 filed Critical 江苏华源节水股份有限公司
Priority to AU2022438470A priority Critical patent/AU2022438470A1/en
Publication of WO2023173525A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023173525A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/06—Watering arrangements making use of perforated pipe-lines located in the soil
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G29/00—Root feeders; Injecting fertilisers into the roots
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of irrigation equipment, specifically a water-saving irrigation device for forestry.
  • the water-saving technology of seepage irrigation means that under low hydraulic pressure conditions, irrigation water (containing soluble nutrients) passes through the micropores on the wall of the seepage pipes erected or buried within the root system of each agricultural and forestry crop, and sweats from the inside to the outside. It uses drip infiltration to moisten the soil around the crop root layer, which is an irrigation technology method that directly supplies water and nutrients to the root system of each agricultural and forestry crop in a timely and appropriate amount.
  • the depth of the seepage irrigation pipe should be determined based on the depth of the crop root system, farming requirements, etc. That is, the burial depth of the seepage irrigation pipe should not only be conducive to the water absorption of the crop during the peak growth season, but also take into account the impact of the crop seedling stage on the root system. Humidity requirements. For forestry trees, as the seedlings gradually grow, their root systems gradually disperse and extend downward. However, in the existing technology, the buried depth of the seepage irrigation pipe cannot be adjusted, resulting in that the wet range of the seepage irrigation water cannot extend along with the root system of the seedlings. Therefore, when the seedlings are in the seedling stage, the seepage irrigation pipe is located far below the seedling root system.
  • the seepage irrigation pipe When the seedlings are in the vigorous growth period, the seepage irrigation pipe is located far above the seedling root system. The burial depth of the seepage irrigation pipe cannot be determined. Match the root depth of the seedlings. If adjustments are made, the entire seepage and irrigation pipeline can only be dug out and re-buried, which requires a large amount of work.
  • a common problem with the existing seepage irrigation technology is that the branch pipes at the output end of the seepage irrigation pipe are prone to blockage. At the moment of each shutdown, the pipeline will form a reverse suction problem, and the reverse suction will cause The negative pressure will cause the mud at the seepage port of the branch pipe to be sucked into the branch pipe. After drying, the mud at the seepage port of the branch pipe will be blocked, affecting further use.
  • the present invention provides a water-saving irrigation device for forestry, which has the advantages of convenient position adjustment of seepage irrigation holes and preventing branch pipes from being blocked.
  • the advantages of the invention solve the problems raised in the above background technology.
  • a water-saving irrigation device for forestry including a main water pipe, side branch pipes are provided on both sides of the main water pipe, and a fixed bottom pipe is connected to the bottom of the main water pipe.
  • a movable bottom pipe is slidingly connected to the inside of the fixed bottom pipe, a mounting box is fixedly connected to the top of the main water pipe, the top of the mounting box protrudes from the ground, and a power device is provided inside the mounting box.
  • one end of the side branch pipe located in the inner cavity of the main water pipe is provided with a conversion device
  • the interior of the main water pipe is provided with a bevel gear set
  • the power device and the conversion device are transmission connected through the bevel gear set.
  • the side branch pipe is coaxially equipped with an inner branch pipe and the inner branch pipe is rotatable.
  • the outer periphery of the inner branch pipe is evenly connected with a rotating baffle, and the end of the rotating baffle away from the inner branch pipe is along the side branch pipe.
  • the inner wall of the side branch pipe and the inner branch pipe slides, and the inner pipe liquid outlet hole and the side pipe liquid outlet hole that are symmetrical with respect to the central axis of the inner branch pipe are respectively provided on the outer walls of the side branch pipe and the inner branch pipe.
  • the power device includes a pedal, a fixed ring body, a main rotating rod and a screw rod.
  • the pedal is movably sleeved inside the installation box, and the fixed ring body is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the installation box.
  • the screw is rotatably connected to the bottom of the pedal.
  • the screw runs through the middle of the fixed ring and is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the fixed ring.
  • the main rotating rod is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the screw.
  • the main rotating rod runs through the main water pipe. the top wall and extends to the interior of the main water pipe.
  • a transmission rod is provided in the middle of the main water pipe, and a protective cover is provided around the outer periphery of the transmission rod.
  • the bevel gear set includes a driving bevel gear, an intermediate bevel gear and a driven bevel gear.
  • the driving bevel gear is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the main rotating rod. Both ends of the transmission rod are sleeved with intermediate bevel gears.
  • the driving bevel gear meshes with the two intermediate bevel gears. Both sides of the bevel gear mesh with a driven bevel gear respectively, and the driven bevel gear is connected to the conversion device.
  • the conversion device includes a slave rotating rod, a conversion box, a liquid baffle and a support rod.
  • One end of the slave rotating rod is sleeved with a driven bevel gear, and the other end of the slave rotating rod is movably sleeved.
  • a cross plate is provided on the outer wall of the slave rotating rod and the inner wall of the conversion box.
  • the liquid baffle plate is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the conversion box.
  • the shape of the liquid baffle plate is in line with the inner branch pipe.
  • the internal ports of the main water delivery pipe have the same shape and are all arc-shaped, and the two ends of the support rod are rotatably connected to the liquid baffle and the outer wall of the inner branch pipe respectively.
  • an inclined slide groove is provided on the outer wall of the slave rotating rod, and the horizontal opening angle of the first and last ends of the inclined slide groove is 90 degrees.
  • An inclined sliding rod is provided on the inner wall of the conversion box. The inclined sliding rod Slide along the inclined chute. There are four inclined chute and they are evenly distributed along the outer wall of the slave rotating rod. The outer wall of the slave rotating rod is provided with an annular chute connecting one end of the four inclined chute. .
  • the outer wall of the fixed bottom pipe is provided with an outlet liquid hole
  • the outer wall of the movable bottom pipe is provided with an inner liquid outlet hole of the same size as the outlet liquid hole.
  • the inner liquid outlet of the movable bottom pipe is connected with the main water pipe.
  • the cavity is connected with an elastic hose.
  • the top surface of the movable bottom pipe is fixedly connected with a clamping rod.
  • the top of the clamping rod extends into a telescopic rod.
  • the telescopic rod penetrates the main water pipe and is movably connected to the main rotating rod and screw rod. and the inside of the pedal.
  • the inside of the fixed bottom pipe is provided with a clamping valve body that matches the clamping rod.
  • the clamping rod is movably sleeved in the clamping valve body.
  • the clamping valve body includes an outer valve body, and a moving block is slidably connected to the inside of the outer valve body.
  • the moving block is close to the slot on one side of the clamping rod.
  • the moving blocks are connected by an annular spring, so
  • the outer wall of the clamping rod is provided with clamping teeth that match the clamping groove, and the distance between adjacent clamping teeth is the same as the distance between adjacent outer liquid holes and adjacent inner liquid holes.
  • the present invention sets a rotatable inner branch pipe inside the side branch pipe.
  • the rotation of the inner branch pipe can be used to scrape off the sediment on the inner wall of the side branch pipe, and the sediment inside can be reduced under the action of the centrifugal force of the rotation of the inner branch pipe. Accumulation in branch pipes, thereby solving the problem of sediment accumulation in side branch pipes and inner branch pipes, and avoiding blockage of side branch pipes and inner branch pipes.
  • the present invention uses the liquid baffle to push the conversion box to move and disconnect from the slave rotating rod when shutting down.
  • the internal The branch pipe rotates relative to the side branch pipe, thereby using the rotating baffle to separate the liquid outlet hole of the inner pipe and the liquid outlet hole of the side pipe, blocking the back suction effect of the longer pipe, and preventing the mud liquid at the liquid outlet hole of the side pipe from The liquid outlet hole of the side pipe is blocked due to back suction.
  • the present invention buries a long fixed bottom pipe in the land in advance and adjusts the position of the movable bottom pipe relative to the fixed bottom pipe to ensure that the inner liquid hole and the outer liquid hole are connected, thereby adjusting the water seepage source to the root system of the seedlings.
  • the optimal position allows the roots of the seedlings to better absorb water. It abandons the traditional method of re-burying the pipes and adjusting the location of the water seepage source, which reduces the amount of engineering work and improves the convenience of use of the irrigation device.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged schematic diagram of point A in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged schematic diagram of B in Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged schematic diagram of C in Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the side branch pipe of the present invention when it is started
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the side branch pipe of the present invention when it is shut down
  • Figure 7 is a top structural cross-sectional view of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a front view of the connection between the main water pipe and the side branch pipe of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the conversion device of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a front view of the slave rotating rod of the present invention.
  • Bevel gear set 701. Driving bevel gear; 702. Intermediate bevel gear; 703. Driven bevel gear; 8. Conversion device ; 801. Slave rotating rod; 802. Conversion box; 803. Liquid baffle; 804. Support rod; 805. Cross plate; 8011. Inclined chute; 8021. Inclined sliding rod.
  • a water-saving irrigation device for forestry includes a main water pipe 1.
  • the bottom end of the main water pipe 1 is fixedly connected with a fixed bottom pipe 2.
  • Side branch pipes are evenly installed on both sides of the main water pipe 1.
  • the main water pipe 1, fixed bottom pipe 2 and side branch pipe 3 are all buried under the earth.
  • the fixed bottom pipe 2 is inserted vertically into the earth.
  • the main water pipe 1 is connected to the water tank.
  • the liquid in the water tank passes under negative pressure.
  • the main water pipe 1 flows into the fixed bottom pipe 2 and the side branch pipes 3, and then penetrates into the land through the holes in the fixed bottom pipe 2 and the side branch pipes 3 to perform the function of irrigating the seedlings.
  • An installation box 4 is connected above the main water pipe 1.
  • the top of the installation box 4 protrudes from the land surface.
  • the top of the installation box 4 is provided with an openable and closable cover.
  • a power device 6 is installed inside the installation box 4.
  • the power device 6 includes a pedal 601 and a fixed ring body 602.
  • the fixed ring body 602 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the installation box 4.
  • the pedal 601 slides along the inner wall of the installation box 4.
  • the pedal The bottom end of 601 is rotatably connected to a screw rod 604, and the bottom end of the screw rod 604 is connected to a main rotating rod 603.
  • a return spring is provided between the pedal 601 and the fixed ring body 602.
  • the middle of the fixed ring body 602 is hollow, and the fixed ring body 602 and the screw rod 604 threaded connection, when stepping down on the pedal 601, due to the threaded connection between the fixed ring 602 and the screw 604, the screw 604 drives the main rotating rod 603 to rotate relative to the pedal 601, and then the return spring urges the pedal 601 to move upward and return to its original position;
  • the rotating rod 603 penetrates the top of the main water pipe 1 and extends into the inner cavity of the main water pipe 1;
  • an inner branch pipe 301 is set inside the side branch pipe 3.
  • Rotating baffles 302 are evenly distributed on the outer wall of the inner branch pipe 301.
  • the rotating baffle 302 is away from one end and side of the inner branch pipe 301.
  • the inner walls of the branch pipes 3 are close to each other, and the inner pipe liquid outlet hole 303 is provided on the outer wall of the inner branch pipe 301.
  • the liquid outlet hole 303 is symmetrical about the central axis of the inner branch pipe 301, and the two groups of inner pipe liquid outlet holes 303 are located in the middle of the two rotating baffles 302.
  • the rotating baffle 302 divides the space surrounded by the side branch pipe 3 and the inner branch pipe 301 into Four sub-cavities of the same size; refer to Figure 5, during normal irrigation, the inner branch pipe 301 has a situation where the inner pipe outlet hole 303 is aligned with the side pipe outlet hole 304 during the rotation process. At this time, the inner branch pipe 301 The liquid enters the sub-cavity on the horizontal side including the inner tube liquid outlet 303 and the side pipe liquid outlet 304 through the inner pipe liquid outlet 303.
  • the sub-cavity of the liquid hole 303 rotates to a vertical state, thereby using the rotating baffle 302 to separate the inner tube liquid outlet hole 303 from the side tube liquid outlet hole 304 to prevent the negative pressure of the pipeline from acting on the side tube liquid outlet hole 304 .
  • the side branch pipe 3 is short, so it will not cause obvious suction back phenomenon, which can solve the suction back phenomenon caused by the moment of shutting down, thereby avoiding the clogging of the side pipe outlet hole 304;
  • a conversion device 8 is provided at the connection between the side branch pipe 3 and the main water pipe 1.
  • the conversion device 8 includes a slave rotating rod 801, a conversion box 802, a liquid baffle 803 and a support rod. 804.
  • One end of the rotating rod 801 is connected with a driven bevel gear 703.
  • the driven bevel gear 703 meshes with the intermediate bevel gear 702, and the intermediate bevel gear 702 meshes with the driving bevel gear 701.
  • the driving bevel gear 701, the intermediate bevel gear 702 and the driven bevel gear 703 form the bevel gear set 7, the main rotating rod 603, the inner branch pipe 301, and the transmission rod 101 transmit power through the bevel gear set 7;
  • a driving bevel gear 701 is meshed with two intermediate bevel gears 702.
  • the two intermediate bevel gears 702 are connected to the two transmission rods 101.
  • the other ends of the two transmission rods 101 are also equipped with a
  • the intermediate bevel gear 702 is located at the end of the main water pipe 1 away from the driving bevel gear 701.
  • Both sides of the intermediate bevel gear 702 are respectively meshed with a driven bevel gear 703, and the rotational force is transmitted to the main drive through the driven bevel gear 703.
  • a main rotating rod 603 can drive the four inner branch pipes 301 of the installation box to rotate; the outer periphery of the transmission rod 101 is provided with a protective cover 102, and the protective cover 102 is used for protection
  • the transmission rod 101 can separate the water in the main water pipe 1 from the transmission rod 101. Exceptionally, it also plays a supporting role for the main rotating rod 603 and the slave rotating rod 801.
  • the main rotating rod 603 does not pass through the bevel gear.
  • group 7 drives the slave rotating rod 801 to rotate, the support of the protective cover 102 ensures the stability of the slave rotating rod 801, so that the conversion box 802 can rotate 90 degrees relative to the slave rotating rod 801;
  • the slave rotating rod 801 is movably sleeved in the conversion box 802.
  • the outer wall of the slave rotating rod 801 and the inner wall of the conversion box 802 are both provided with cross plates 805.
  • the slave rotating rod 801 and the conversion box 802 can Synchronous rotation is achieved through the clamping of the cross plate 805, and the horizontal position of the rotating rod 801 remains relatively stationary.
  • the conversion box 802 receives a force and moves toward the end close to the side branch pipe 3
  • the rotating rod 801 and the converting box 802 move
  • the cross plates 805 are staggered and clamped, so that the rotating rod 801 can drive the conversion box 802 to rotate, and a liquid baffle 803 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the conversion box 802.
  • the liquid baffle 803 is surrounded by support rods 804 and the inner branch pipe 301 connection, therefore, the rotating rod 801 finally drives the inner branch pipe 301 to rotate; the liquid baffle 803 is arc-shaped, and the liquid baffle 803 is located at the port of the inner branch pipe 301 in the main water pipe 1.
  • the port shape of the inner branch pipe 301 is consistent with the liquid baffle.
  • the shapes of the plates 803 are the same, and the two ends of the support rod 804 are respectively rotatably connected to the outer wall of the inner branch pipe 301 and the outer wall of the liquid baffle 803.
  • the support rod 804 is also equipped with a spring, and the two ends of the spring are connected to the inner branch pipe respectively.
  • the outer wall of 301 is connected to the outer wall of the liquid baffle 803; when the machine is turned on, when the water flows through the main water pipe 1 to the side branch pipe 3, the pressure of the water flow acts on the liquid baffle 803, prompting the liquid baffle 803 to move closer One side of the side branch pipe 3 moves. At this time, the support rod 804 rotates, and the spring on the support rod 804 bends toward one side of the side branch pipe 3. The liquid baffle 803 drives the conversion box 802 toward the side close to the side branch pipe 3. Lateral movement, the rotating rod 801 and the cross plate 805 on the outer wall of the conversion box 802 are staggered and engaged.
  • the rotating rod 801 drives the liquid baffle 803, the support rod 804 and the inner branch pipe 301 to rotate through the conversion box 802.
  • the sub-cavity including the inner pipe liquid outlet hole 303 is intermittently connected with the side pipe liquid outlet hole 304, thereby realizing the penetration of liquid into the soil;
  • the conversion box 802 branches inward, When moving in the 301 direction, the inclined sliding rod 8021 moves along the inclined chute 8011, causing the conversion box 802 to rotate slightly.
  • the cross plates 805 on 802 are just in a staggered and contactable state in the axial direction of the slave rotating rod 801. Through the clamping of the two cross plates 805, the torque of the slave rotating rod 801 and the conversion box 802 is increased, making the conversion
  • the box 802 can drive the inner branch pipe 301 to rotate with the slave rotating rod 801; when shutting down, the conversion box 802 moves toward the side of the slave rotating rod 801.
  • the conversion box 802 drives the inner branch pipe 301 to rotate.
  • the angle of rotation is the angle between the two ports of the inclined chute 8011. In this application, it is set to 90 degrees.
  • the inclined chute 8011 is formed from a cylindrical shape. The outer wall of the rotating rod 801 is tilted and rotated 90 degrees.
  • the slave rotating rod 801 cannot be driven to rotate first, and the slave rotating rod 801 needs to remain stationary, that is, the pedal 601 cannot be stepped on.
  • the inner pipe liquid outlet hole 303 and the side pipe outlet The liquid holes 304 are misaligned and disconnected to achieve the above-mentioned function of preventing back suction.
  • the bottom end of the main water pipe 1 is connected to a fixed bottom pipe 2.
  • An outlet liquid hole 201 is provided on the outer wall of the fixed bottom pipe 2.
  • a movable bottom pipe 5 is slidingly connected to the inside of the fixed bottom pipe 2.
  • the outer wall of the bottom tube 5 is provided with an inner liquid outlet hole 501 of the same size as the outlet liquid hole 201.
  • a lifting spring 502 is connected between the bottom wall of the movable bottom pipe 5 and the inner wall of the bottom surface of the fixed bottom pipe 2.
  • the lifting spring 502 is used to support the movable bottom pipe 5.
  • the top of the movable bottom pipe 5 is fixedly connected with a clamping rod 504.
  • the inside of the fixed bottom pipe 2 is provided with a clamping valve body 505 located above the movable bottom pipe 5.
  • the clamping rod 504 is provided with clamping teeth 5041 that match the clamping slot 5053.
  • the moving block 5052 is connected with an annular spring 5054.
  • the annular spring The elastic force of 5054 is used to ensure the stability of the engagement between the latching teeth 5041 and the latching slot 5053.
  • the annular spring 5054 is elastic, so that the latching teeth 5041 can open the moving block 5052 when moving downward, so that the latching teeth 5041 are in contact with the lower part.
  • the clamping slot 5053 is clamped to realize the downward movement of the movable bottom pipe 5; the top of the clamping rod 504 is connected to the telescopic rod 507, and the telescopic rod 507 penetrates the main water pipe 1 and the transmission rod 101 and is movably connected to the main rotating rod 603 and the screw. 604.
  • the pedal 601 there is a groove in the middle of the pedal 601.
  • the top of the telescopic rod 507 is located in the groove.
  • the telescopic rod 507 is telescopic.
  • the telescopic rod 507 When stepping on the pedal 601, the telescopic rod 507 is contracted so that its top is located in the groove. Avoid stepping on the telescopic rod 507 when pedaling.
  • the telescopic rod 507 When it is necessary to move the movable bottom tube 5 downward, extend the telescopic rod 507 upward from the groove, and then push the telescopic rod 507 to push the movable bottom tube 5 downward.
  • the latch teeth 5041 are in contact with the latch.
  • the inner outlet hole 501 and the outlet outlet 201 are aligned, that is, the distance between the adjacent teeth 5041 and the distance between the adjacent outlet outlets 201, and the adjacent inner outlet holes.
  • the distance between 501 is the same; the inner wall of the fixed bottom pipe 2 is provided with a diaphragm 506 located at the outlet liquid hole 201.
  • the diaphragm 506 is used to prevent soil from entering the fixed bottom pipe 2 from the outlet liquid hole 201 under the moving bottom pipe 5 , when the movable bottom tube 5 moves downward, the diaphragm 506 is scratched or torn by the edge of the movable bottom tube 5 , which can be achieved by setting a sharp blade on the edge of the movable bottom tube 5 .
  • the bottom surface of the movable bottom pipe 5 has a certain height from the inner liquid outlet hole 501 at the bottom of the movable bottom pipe 5.
  • the sediment of the liquid entering the mobile bottom pipe 5 is deposited on the inner wall of the movable bottom pipe 5.
  • the inner liquid outlet hole 501 is in contact with The space formed between the inner walls of the moving bottom tube 5 can accumulate sediment and prevent the inner liquid outlet hole 501 from being blocked.
  • the area of the baffle plate 803 decreases sequentially from the near water end to the far water end of the main water pipe 1.
  • the near water end is the end close to the water tank, and the far water end is the end far away from the water tank. From the near water end to the far water end of the water delivery pipe 1, the water pressure in the main water delivery pipe 1 gradually decreases. Therefore, more water enters the inner branch pipe 301 at the near water end, while the water volume at the far water end is smaller.
  • the liquid baffle 803 at the end is set to have a larger area.
  • the liquid baffle 803 is located on the front side of the inner branch pipe 301. Therefore, the liquid baffle 803 can block the water flow and reduce the water flow entering the inner branch pipe 301.
  • the specific area size of the liquid baffle 803 can be obtained through experiments.
  • This application only provides that manual driving can be achieved by manually stepping on the pedal 601, but the pedal 601 can also be stepped on mechanically.
  • a cam plate and a pressure rod that can squeeze the pedal 601 are provided on the pedal 601, and the pressure rod in the engine is The slide rod is similar, thereby achieving mechanically automated intermittent squeezing of the pedal 601.
  • the usage method of the present invention is as follows:
  • step on the pedal 601 step on the pedal 601, and the pedal 601 drives the screw 604 to move downward along the inner wall of the fixed ring body 602.
  • the screw 604 rotates, thereby driving the main rotating rod 603 to rotate, and the rotation force is transmitted through the bevel gear set 7
  • the conversion box 802 moves toward the inner branch pipe 301, and then the slave rotating rod 801 is in staggered contact with the cross plate 805 of the conversion box 802.
  • the rotation force passes through the conversion box 802, the liquid baffle 803 and the support rod.
  • the component 804 is transferred to the inner branch pipe 301, so that the sediment on the inner wall of the opposite side branch pipe 3 is scraped through the rotation of the inner branch pipe 301, and the sediment on the inner wall of the inner branch pipe 301 is removed by centrifugal force, and when the machine is started, the The impact of the water flow makes the sediment less likely to settle and better flow out of the pipe with the water flow; and when the conversion box 802 approaches the direction of the inner branch pipe 301, the inclined sliding rod 8021 moves along the inclined chute 8011 to the end of the inclined chute 8011 bottom end, causing the inner branch pipe 301 to rotate 90 degrees relative to the side branch pipe 3; at the moment of shutting down, because the liquid baffle 803 loses the pressure of the water flow, the conversion box 802 moves in the opposite direction, and at this time the inclined sliding rod 8021 moves along the inclined chute 8011 By moving in the reverse direction, the inner branch pipe 301 rotates 90 degrees in reverse relative to the side branch pipe 3 and returns to its original position, causing the sub-ca

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及灌溉设备技术领域，且公开了一种用于林业的节水灌溉装置，包括主输水管，所述主输水管的两侧设有侧支管，所述主输水管的底部连接有固定底管，所述固定底管的内部滑动连接有移动底管，所述主输水管的顶端固定连接有安装箱体，所述安装箱体的顶端突出于地面，所述安装箱体的内部设有动力装置，所述侧支管位于主输水管内腔中的一端设有转换装置，所述主输水管的内部设有锥形齿轮组。本发明通过在侧支管的内部设置可转动的内支管，利用内支管的旋转可以刮除侧支管内壁上的沉淀物，且在内支管旋转离心力的作用下可减少沉淀物在内支管中的积聚，从而解决了沉淀物在侧支管和内支管中积聚问题，避免侧支管和内支管的堵塞。

Description

一种用于林业的节水灌溉装置 技术领域
本发明涉及灌溉设备技术领域，具体为一种用于林业的节水灌溉装置。
背景技术
渗灌节水技术是指在低液压条件下，使灌溉水(含可溶性养料)通过架设或埋没在每一株农林作物根系范围内的渗水管壁上的微孔，由内向外呈发汗状渗出，以滴渗方式湿润作物根系层周围土壤，即直接向每一株农林作物根系适时、适量地供水、供养的一种节水增产的灌溉技术方法。
对于渗灌管埋设的深度的确定，原则上应于作物根系深度、耕种要求等相适应，即渗灌管埋深既要有利于作物生长旺季吸水，还要考虑到作物苗期对根系层的湿度要求。对于林业树木来说，随着苗木逐渐增长，其根系逐渐分散并向下延伸，而现有技术中渗灌管埋设的深度无法调整，从而导致渗灌水湿润的范围并不能随着苗木的根系伸长而调整，因此，苗木处于幼苗期时，渗灌管位于与苗木根系较远的下方，苗木处于生长旺盛期时，渗灌管位于苗木根系较远的上方，渗灌管的埋设深度并不能与苗木的根系深度匹配。若调整只能将整个渗灌管道全部挖出重新埋设，工程量大。
另外，现有渗灌技术普遍存在的问题是，位于渗灌管输出的末端各支管很容易出现堵塞问题，在每次停机的瞬间，管路会形成反向倒吸问题，反向倒吸形成的负压会造成支管的渗流口泥浆被吸入支管内，干燥后造成支管的渗流口堵塞，影响进一步使用。
发明内容
针对背景技术中提出的现有用于林业的节水灌溉装置在使用过程中存在的不足，本发明提供了一种用于林业的节水灌溉装置，具备渗灌孔的位置调整便捷、防止支管堵塞的优点，解决了上述背景技术中提出的问题。
本发明提供如下技术方案：一种用于林业的节水灌溉装置，包括主输水 管，所述主输水管的两侧设有侧支管，所述主输水管的底部连接有固定底管，所述固定底管的内部滑动连接有移动底管，所述主输水管的顶端固定连接有安装箱体，所述安装箱体的顶端突出于地面，所述安装箱体的内部设有动力装置，所述侧支管位于主输水管内腔中的一端设有转换装置，所述主输水管的内部设有锥形齿轮组，所述动力装置和转换装置通过锥形齿轮组传动连接。
优选的，所述侧支管的内部同轴装配有内支管且内支管可转动，所述内支管的外周均匀连接有旋转挡板，所述旋转挡板远离内支管的一端沿着侧支管的内壁滑动，所述侧支管和内支管的外壁上分别开设有相对于内支管中轴线对称的内管出液孔和侧管出液孔。
优选的，所述动力装置包括踏板、固定环体、主转杆和螺杆，所述踏板活动套接在安装箱体的内部，所述固定环体固定连接在安装箱体的内壁上，所述螺杆转动连接在踏板的底部，所述螺杆贯穿固定环体的中部且与固定环体的内壁螺纹连接，所述主转杆固定连接在螺杆的底壁上，所述主转杆贯穿主输水管的顶壁并延伸至主输水管的内部。
优选的，所述主输水管的中部设有传动杆，所述传动杆的外周设有防护罩体，所述锥形齿轮组包括主动锥形齿轮、中间锥形齿轮和从动锥形齿轮，所述主动锥形齿轮固定连接在主转杆的底端，所述传动杆的两端均套接有中间锥形齿轮，所述主动锥形齿轮与两个中间锥形齿轮啮合，所述中间锥形齿轮的两侧分别啮合一个从动锥形齿轮，所述从动锥形齿轮与转换装置相连接。
优选的，所述转换装置包括从转杆、转换箱、挡液板和支撑杆件，所述从转杆的一端套接有从动锥形齿轮，所述从转杆的另一端活动套接在转换箱的内部，所述从转杆的外壁和转换箱的内壁上均设有交叉板，所述挡液板固定连接在转换箱的外壁上，所述挡液板的形状与内支管位于主输水管内部端口的形状相同且均为弧形，所述支撑杆件的两端分别转动连接在挡液板和内支管的外壁上。
优选的，所述从转杆的外壁上开设有斜滑槽，所述斜滑槽首尾端的水平张角为九十度，所述转换箱的内壁上设有斜滑杆，所述斜滑杆沿着斜滑槽滑动，所述斜滑槽的数量有四个且沿着从转杆的外壁均匀分布，所述从转杆的外壁上开设有连接四个斜滑槽的一端的环形滑槽。
优选的，所述固定底管的外壁上开设有外出液孔，所述移动底管的外壁上开设有与外出液孔大小相同的内出液孔，所述移动底管与主输水管的内腔连通有弹性软管，所述移动底管的顶面固定连接有卡杆，所述卡杆的顶端延伸为伸缩杆，所述伸缩杆贯穿主输水管并活动套接在主转杆、螺杆和踏板的内部，所述固定底管的内部设有与卡杆相匹配的卡阀体，所述卡杆活动套接在卡阀体内，所述移动底管与固定底管之间连接有托举弹簧，所述固定底管的内壁上覆盖有位于外出液孔处的隔膜。
优选的，所述卡阀体包括外阀体，所述外阀体的内部滑动连接有移动块，所述移动块靠近卡杆一侧的卡槽，所述移动块通过环形弹簧相连接，所述卡杆的外壁上设有与卡槽相匹配的卡齿，相邻所述卡齿之间的距离与相邻外出液孔、相邻内出液孔之间的距离相同。
本发明具备以下有益效果：
1、本发明通过在侧支管的内部设置可转动的内支管，利用内支管的旋转可以刮除侧支管内壁上的沉淀物，且在内支管旋转离心力的作用下可减少沉淀物在内支管中的积聚，从而解决了沉淀物在侧支管和内支管中积聚问题，避免侧支管和内支管的堵塞。
2、本发明通过挡液板和支撑杆件的配合使用，在关机时通过挡液板推动转换箱移动而与从转杆断开，同时在斜滑槽与斜滑杆的共同作用下使得内支管相对侧支管旋转，从而利用旋转挡板将内管出液孔和侧管出液孔分隔开，阻断较长的管道的反吸作用，避免侧管出液孔处的泥液在反吸作用下堵塞侧管出液孔的情况。
3、本发明通过在土地中预先埋设较长的固定底管，通过调整移动底管相对于固定底管的位置，保证内出液孔和外出液孔导通，从而将渗水源调整至苗木根系的最佳位置，使苗木根系能够更好地吸收水分，摒弃传统重新埋设管道而调整渗水源位置的方式，减少了工程量，提高该灌溉装置使用的便利性。
附图说明
图1为本发明结构示意图；
图2为图1的A处放大示意图；
图3为图1的B处放大示意图；
图4为图1的C处放大示意图；
图5为本发明侧支管在开机时示意图；
图6为本发明侧支管在关机时示意图；
图7为本发明俯视结构剖视图；
图8为本发明主输水管与侧支管连接处正视图；
图9为本发明转换装置的结构示意图；
图10为本发明从转杆的主视图。
图中：1、主输水管；101、传动杆；102、防护罩体；2、固定底管；201、外出液孔；3、侧支管；301、内支管；302、旋转挡板；303、内管出液孔；304、侧管出液孔；4、安装箱体；5、移动底管；501、内出液孔；502、托举弹簧；503、弹性软管；504、卡杆；5041、卡齿；505、卡阀体；506、隔膜；507、伸缩杆；5051、外阀体；5052、移动块；5053、卡槽；5054、环形弹簧；6、动力装置；601、踏板；602、固定环体；603、主转杆；604、螺杆；7、锥形齿轮组；701、主动锥形齿轮；702、中间锥形齿轮；703、从动锥形齿轮；8、转换装置；801、从转杆；802、转换箱；803、挡液板；804、支撑杆件；805、交叉板；8011、斜滑槽；8021、斜滑杆。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参阅图1，一种用于林业的节水灌溉装置，包括主输水管1，主输水管1的底端固定连接有固定底管2，主输水管1的两侧均匀安装有侧支管3，主输水管1、固定底管2和侧支管3均埋设与土地下面，固定底管2竖直插入土地中，主输水管1连接至水箱中，水箱中的液体在负压下通过主输水管1流通至固定底管2和侧支管3中，然后通过固定底管2和侧支管3上的孔渗入到土地中，起到对苗木的灌溉的功能。
主输水管1的上方连接有安装箱体4，安装箱体4的顶端突出于土地表面，安装箱体4的顶端设有可开闭的盖体，安装箱体4的内部安装有动力装置6，参阅附图1和附图4，动力装置6包括踏板601和固定环体602，固定环体602固定连接在安装箱体4的内壁上，踏板601沿着安装箱体4的内壁滑动，踏板601的底端转动连接有螺杆604，螺杆604的底端连接有主转杆603，踏板601和固定环体602之间设置有复位弹簧，固定环体602的中间镂空，固定环体602与螺杆604螺纹连接，向下踩踏踏板601时，由于固定环体602与螺杆604的螺纹连接使得螺杆604带动主转杆603相对踏板601旋转，然后复位弹簧促使踏板601向上移动而恢复至原位；主转杆603贯穿主输水管1的顶部并延伸至主输水管1的内腔中；
参阅附图1、图5和图6，侧支管3的内部套设有内支管301，内支管301的外壁上均匀分布有旋转挡板302，旋转挡板302远离内支管301的一端与侧支管3的内壁相贴，内支管301的外壁上开设有内管出液孔303，内管出液孔303有两组，每组由若干个内管出液孔303构成，两组内管出液孔303以内支 管301的中心轴对称，且两组内管出液孔303均位于两个旋转挡板302中间的部位，旋转挡板302将侧支管3与内支管301围城的空间分成相同大小的四个子空腔；参阅附图5，在正常灌溉时，内支管301在旋转过程中存在内管出液孔303与侧管出液孔304对齐的情况，此时，内支管301中的液体通过内管出液孔303进入囊括有内管出液孔303和侧管出液孔304的水平侧的子空腔内，因此，液体可以自由通过侧管出液孔304渗入到土地中；参阅附图6，当关机时，由于管道很长，容易产生负压使得侧管出液孔304出发生回流现象，本申请中，在关机时，通过旋转内支管301，使得囊括内管出液孔303的子空腔旋转至竖直状态，从而利用旋转挡板302将内管出液孔303与侧管出液孔304分隔开，避免管道的负压作用至侧管出液孔304处，一般侧支管3较短，因此其不会产生明显的回吸现象，由此可以解决关机的瞬间导致的回吸现象，从而避免侧管出液孔304的堵塞；
参阅附图1，在侧支管3与主输水管1的连接处设有转换装置8，参阅附图9，转换装置8包括从转杆801、转换箱802、挡液板803和支撑杆件804，从转杆801的一端连接有从动锥形齿轮703，参阅附图3，从动锥形齿轮703与中间锥形齿轮702相啮合，中间锥形齿轮702与主动锥形齿轮701相啮合，主动锥形齿轮701、中间锥形齿轮702和从动锥形齿轮703组成锥形齿轮组7，主转杆603、内支管301、和传动杆101通过锥形齿轮组7传递动力；
参阅附图7，一个主动锥形齿轮701啮合有两个中间锥形齿轮702，两个中间锥形齿轮702连接在两个传动杆101上，两个传动杆101的另一端也均套设一个中间锥形齿轮702，位于主输水管1远离主动锥形齿轮701一端的中间锥形齿轮702的两侧分别啮合一个从动锥形齿轮703，通过从动锥形齿轮703将旋转力传递至主输水管1两侧的内支管301上，因此，通过一个主转杆603可带动安装箱体4个内支管301旋转；传动杆101的外周设有防护罩体102，防护罩体102用于保护传动杆101，且可将主输水管1中的水液与传动 杆101隔开，例外也起到对主转杆603、从转杆801的支撑作用，在主转杆603不通过锥形齿轮组7驱动从转杆801旋转时，通过防护罩体102的支撑作用保证从转杆801的稳定性，从而使得转换箱802可以相对于从转杆801旋转90度；
参阅附图8和附图9，从转杆801活动套接在转换箱802中，从转杆801的外壁和转换箱802的内壁均设有交叉板805，从转杆801和转换箱802可通过交叉板805的卡接实现同步旋转，从转杆801的水平位置保持相对静止，当转换箱802受到作用力向靠近侧支管3的一端移动时，从转杆801和转换箱802上的交叉板805交错卡接，从而使得从转杆801可以带动转换箱802旋转，且转换箱802的外壁上固定连接有挡液板803，挡液板803的四周通过支撑杆件804与内支管301连接，因此，从转杆801最终带动内支管301旋转；挡液板803呈弧形，挡液板803位于内支管301处于主输水管1中的端口处，内支管301的端口形状与挡液板803的形状相同，支撑杆件804的两端分别转动连接在内支管301的外壁和挡液板803的外壁上，支撑杆件804上还套设有弹簧，弹簧的两端分别与内支管301的外壁和挡液板803的外壁相连接；当开机时，水流通过主输水管1流动至侧支管3处时，水流的压力作用在挡液板803上，促使挡液板803向靠近侧支管3的一侧移动，此时支撑杆件804旋转，支撑杆件804上的弹簧朝向侧支管3的一侧弯曲，挡液板803带动转换箱802向靠近侧支管3的一侧移动，从转杆801和转换箱802外壁上的交叉板805交错卡接，从转杆801通过转换箱802带动挡液板803、支撑杆件804和内支管301旋转，在旋转过程中，囊括内管出液孔303的子空腔间歇性与侧管出液孔304连通，从而实现液体向土地中渗入；
当停机时，挡液板803受到的水流的压力减小，挡液板803在支撑杆件804上套设的弹簧的作用下反向移动，从而使得从转杆801与转换箱802上的转换箱802错位，从转杆801不再带动转换箱802旋转，继而使得内支管301 也停止；参阅附图9和附图10，从转杆801的外壁上开设有斜滑槽8011，转换箱802的内壁上连接有可沿着斜滑槽8011滑动的斜滑杆8021，斜滑槽8011的数量与从转杆801上的交叉板805的数量相同且位置相对应，当转换箱802向内支管301方向移动时，斜滑杆8021沿着斜滑槽8011内移动，从而使得转换箱802略微转动，当斜滑杆8021移动至斜滑槽8011的最底处时，从转杆801和转换箱802上的交叉板805在从转杆801的轴向方向上刚好处于交错且可接触的状态，通过两者交叉板805的卡接，增加了从转杆801和转换箱802的扭矩，使得转换箱802可以带动内支管301随着从转杆801旋转；关机时，转换箱802朝向从转杆801的一侧移动，此时，在斜滑杆8021与斜滑槽8011的卡接下，由于从转杆801保持稳定，因此转换箱802带动内支管301旋转，旋转的角度为斜滑槽8011两端口之间的角度，本申请中设置为90度，斜滑槽8011是从圆柱状的从转杆801的外壁上倾斜旋转90度开设的。
由此，在关机时，首先不能驱动从转杆801旋转，需从转杆801保持静止，也就是不能踩踏踏板601，此时由于内支管301的旋转，内管出液孔303和侧管出液孔304错位不连通，实现上述防止回吸的功能。
参阅附图1所示，主输水管1的底端连接有固定底管2，固定底管2的外壁上开设有外出液孔201，固定底管2的内部滑动连接有移动底管5，移动底管5的外壁上开设有与外出液孔201大小相同的内出液孔501，移动底管5的底壁与固定底管2底面的内壁之间连接有托举弹簧托举弹簧502，托举弹簧托举弹簧502用于支撑移动底管5，移动底管5的顶端固定连接有卡杆504，固定底管2的内部设有位于移动底管5上方的卡阀体505，卡杆504贯穿卡阀体505，卡阀体505和卡杆504的配合起到稳定移动底管5的作用；参阅附图2，卡阀体505包括外阀体5051，外阀体5051的内部滑动连接有移动块5052，移动块5052靠近卡杆504的一侧开设有卡槽5053，卡杆504上设有与卡槽5053相匹配的卡齿5041，移动块5052上贯通连接有环形弹簧5054，环形弹 簧5054的弹性力用于保证卡齿5041和卡槽5053卡接的稳定性，同时环形弹簧5054具有弹性，使得卡齿5041可以在向下移动时可以撑开移动块5052，使得卡齿5041与下方的卡槽5053卡接，实现移动底管5的向下移动；卡杆504的顶端连接伸缩杆507，伸缩杆507贯穿主输水管1、传动杆101且活动套接在主转杆603、螺杆604、踏板601中，踏板601的中部设有凹槽，伸缩杆507的顶端位于凹槽中，伸缩杆507可伸缩，在踩踏踏板601时，将伸缩杆507收缩使其顶端位于凹槽中，避免踩踏时踩到伸缩杆507，当需要向下移动移动底管5时，从凹槽中向上拉长伸缩杆507，再推动伸缩杆507将移动底管5向下推动，卡齿5041与卡槽5053每次卡接时，内出液孔501和外出液孔201对齐，也即相邻卡齿5041之间的距离与相邻外出液孔201之间的距离，以及相邻内出液孔501之间的距离均相同；固定底管2的内壁上设有位于外出液孔201处的隔膜506，隔膜506用于防止泥土从移动底管5下方的外出液孔201进入固定底管2中，当移动底管5下移时，隔膜506被移动底管5的边缘划破或者撕裂，可以通过在移动底管5边缘设置锋利的刀片实现。移动底管5的底面距离移动底管5最下方的内出液孔501具有一定高度，进入移动底管5中的液体的沉淀物沉积在移动底管5的内壁上，内出液孔501与移动底管5内壁之间形成的空间可以积聚沉淀物，防止内出液孔501被堵塞。
参阅附图7，挡液板803的面积从主输水管1的近水端至远水端依次减小，近水端即为靠近水箱的一端，远水端即为远离水箱的一端，从主输水管1的近水端至远水端，主输水管1内的水压逐渐减小，因此处于近水端的内支管301中进入的水量较多，而远水端的水量较小，通过将近水端的挡液板803设置得面积大一些，挡液板803位于内支管301的前侧，因此挡液板803能够阻挡水流，减少进入内支管301中的水流量，挡液板803的面积越大阻碍的水流量越多，从而可以平衡近水端和远水端进入内支管301中的水量，挡液板803的具体面积大小可以通过试验获取。
另外，由于侧支管3的内径较小，因此在输送营养液时，营养液中的物质容易沉淀在侧支管3的内壁中，导致侧支管3的堵塞，本申请中，通过内支管301的旋转使得旋转挡板302可以刮除侧支管3内壁上的沉淀的晶体，且在内支管301旋转的过程中，在离心力的作用下可以减少晶体在内支管301内壁上的沉淀，因此，本申请解决了侧支管3内的沉淀物容易造成堵塞的问题；另外，本申请可以通过在开机持续的状态下踩踏踏板601实现内支管301的旋转，继而实现对侧支管3内壁的刮除和内支管301内壁的甩除晶体的目的。本申请中仅设置了可以通过人工踩踏踏板601实现人工驱动，但是也可以通过机械实现对踏板601的踩踏，比如在踏板601上设置凸轮盘与可挤压踏板601的压杆，与发动机内的滑塞杆类似，从而实现对踏板601的机械自动化的间歇性挤压。
本发明的使用方法如下：
1、将主输水管1、固定底管2和侧支管3均埋设于地面下，固定底管2垂直于地面，安装箱体4的顶端突出于地面，水箱中的液体通过主输水管1进入内支管301中，并通过内管出液孔303流入到内支管301与侧支管3之间的子空腔内，最终通过侧管出液孔304流入至土地中；同时主输水管1中的液体通过弹性软管503进入移动底管5中，通过内出液孔501、外出液孔201流入至土地中；
2、在开机的状态，踩踏踏板601，踏板601带动螺杆604沿着固定环体602的内壁向下移动，螺杆604旋转，从而带动主转杆603旋转，通过锥形齿轮组7将旋转力传递给从转杆801，由于液体的压力使得转换箱802朝向内支管301移动继而使得从转杆801与转换箱802的交叉板805交错接触，旋转力通过转换箱802、挡液板803和支撑杆件804传递至内支管301上，从而通过内支管301的旋转实现对侧支管3内壁沉淀物的刮除，利用离心力实现对内支管301内壁的沉淀物的甩除，且在开机时，利用水流的冲击使得沉淀物 更不容易沉淀以及更好的随水流流出管道中；且在转换箱802向内支管301方向靠近时，斜滑杆8021沿着斜滑槽8011移动至斜滑槽8011的底端，使得内支管301相对侧支管3旋转90度；在关机的瞬间，由于挡液板803失去水流的压力，转换箱802反向移动，此时斜滑杆8021沿着斜滑槽8011反向移动，内支管301相对侧支管3反向旋转90度恢复至原位，使得囊括了内管出液孔303的子空腔与侧管出液孔304错位，管道的反吸力被旋转挡板302阻断，使得侧管出液孔304出不会出现严重的反吸情况，避免了侧管出液孔304的堵塞；
3、随着苗木的生长，根系逐渐向土地下方延伸，需要将移动底管5向下移动，将伸缩杆507从踏板601中的凹槽内向上拉伸，然后向下推动伸缩杆507，从而推动移动底管5向下移动，在卡齿5041与卡槽5053卡接的作用下保证内出液孔501与外出液孔201对齐，即可实现对移动底管5的移动。
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种用于林业的节水灌溉装置，包括主输水管(1)，所述主输水管(1)的两侧设有侧支管(3)，其特征在于：所述主输水管(1)的底部连接有固定底管(2)，所述固定底管(2)的内部滑动连接有移动底管(5)，所述主输水管(1)的顶端固定连接有安装箱体(4)，所述安装箱体(4)的顶端突出于地面，所述安装箱体(4)的内部设有动力装置(6)，所述侧支管(3)位于主输水管(1)内腔中的一端设有转换装置(8)，所述主输水管(1)的内部设有锥形齿轮组(7)，所述动力装置(6)和转换装置(8)通过锥形齿轮组(7)传动连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于林业的节水灌溉装置，其特征在于：所述侧支管(3)的内部同轴装配有内支管(301)且内支管(301)可转动，所述内支管(301)的外周均匀连接有旋转挡板(302)，所述旋转挡板(302)远离内支管(301)的一端沿着侧支管(3)的内壁滑动，所述侧支管(3)和内支管(301)的外壁上分别开设有相对于内支管(301)中轴线对称的内管出液孔(303)和侧管出液孔(304)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于林业的节水灌溉装置，其特征在于：所述动力装置(6)包括踏板(601)、固定环体(602)、主转杆(603)和螺杆(604)，所述踏板(601)活动套接在安装箱体(4)的内部，所述固定环体(602)固定连接在安装箱体(4)的内壁上，所述螺杆(604)转动连接在踏板(601)的底部，所述螺杆(604)贯穿固定环体(602)的中部且与固定环体(602)的内壁螺纹连接，所述主转杆(603)固定连接在螺杆(604)的底壁上，所述主转杆(603)贯穿主输水管(1)的顶壁并延伸至主输水管(1)的内部。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种用于林业的节水灌溉装置，其特征在于：所述主输水管(1)的中部设有传动杆(101)，所述传动杆(101)的外周设有防护罩体(102)，所述锥形齿轮组(7)包括主动锥形齿轮(701)、中间锥 形齿轮(702)和从动锥形齿轮(703)，所述主动锥形齿轮(701)固定连接在主转杆(603)的底端，所述传动杆(101)的两端均套接有中间锥形齿轮(702)，所述主动锥形齿轮(701)与两个中间锥形齿轮(702)啮合，所述中间锥形齿轮(702)的两侧分别啮合一个从动锥形齿轮(703)，所述从动锥形齿轮(703)与转换装置(8)相连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种用于林业的节水灌溉装置，其特征在于：所述转换装置(8)包括从转杆(801)、转换箱(802)、挡液板(803)和支撑杆件(804)，所述从转杆(801)的一端套接有从动锥形齿轮(703)，所述从转杆(801)的另一端活动套接在转换箱(802)的内部，所述从转杆(801)的外壁和转换箱(802)的内壁上均设有交叉板(805)，所述挡液板(803)固定连接在转换箱(802)的外壁上，所述挡液板(803)的形状与内支管(301)位于主输水管(1)内部端口的形状相同且均为弧形，所述支撑杆件(804)的两端分别转动连接在挡液板(803)和内支管(301)的外壁上。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种用于林业的节水灌溉装置，其特征在于：所述从转杆(801)的外壁上开设有斜滑槽(8011)，所述斜滑槽(8011)首尾端的水平张角为九十度，所述转换箱(802)的内壁上设有斜滑杆(8021)，所述斜滑杆(8021)沿着斜滑槽(8011)滑动，所述斜滑槽(8011)的数量有四个且沿着从转杆(801)的外壁均匀分布，所述从转杆(801)的外壁上开设有连接四个斜滑槽(8011)的一端的环形滑槽。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的一种用于林业的节水灌溉装置，其特征在于：所述固定底管(2)的外壁上开设有外出液孔(201)，所述移动底管(5)的外壁上开设有与外出液孔(201)大小相同的内出液孔(501)，所述移动底管(5)与主输水管(1)的内腔连通有弹性软管(503)，所述移动底管(5)的顶面固定连接有卡杆(504)，所述卡杆(504)的顶端延伸为伸缩杆(507)，所述伸缩杆(507)贯穿主输水管(1)并活动套接在主转杆(603)、螺杆(604) 和踏板(601)的内部，所述固定底管(2)的内部设有与卡杆(504)相匹配的卡阀体(505)，所述卡杆(504)活动套接在卡阀体(505)内，所述移动底管(5)与固定底管(2)之间连接有托举弹簧(502)，所述固定底管(2)的内壁上覆盖有位于外出液孔(201)处的隔膜(506)。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种用于林业的节水灌溉装置，其特征在于：所述卡阀体(505)包括外阀体(5051)，所述外阀体(5051)的内部滑动连接有移动块(5052)，所述移动块(5052)靠近卡杆(504)一侧的卡槽(5053)，所述移动块(5052)通过环形弹簧(5054)相连接，所述卡杆(504)的外壁上设有与卡槽(5053)相匹配的卡齿(5041)，相邻所述卡齿(5041)之间的距离与相邻外出液孔(201)、相邻内出液孔(501)之间的距离相同。
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