WO2023169178A1 - 一种除草组合物及其应用 - Google Patents

一种除草组合物及其应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023169178A1
WO2023169178A1 PCT/CN2023/076757 CN2023076757W WO2023169178A1 WO 2023169178 A1 WO2023169178 A1 WO 2023169178A1 CN 2023076757 W CN2023076757 W CN 2023076757W WO 2023169178 A1 WO2023169178 A1 WO 2023169178A1
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Prior art keywords
herbicidal composition
active ingredient
composition according
herbicidal
weeds
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PCT/CN2023/076757
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
高传杰
张耀中
迟归兵
李向阳
路兴涛
金涛
李平生
崔琦
王鹏
陈爽
Original Assignee
青岛清原作物科学有限公司
山东省农药检定所(山东省农药质量检验站)
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Publication of WO2023169178A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023169178A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N39/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing aryloxy- or arylthio-aliphatic or cycloaliphatic compounds, containing the group or, e.g. phenoxyethylamine, phenylthio-acetonitrile, phenoxyacetone
    • A01N39/02—Aryloxy-carboxylic acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A01N39/04—Aryloxy-acetic acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/50—1,3-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazoles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/54—1,3-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
    • A01P13/00—Herbicides; Algicides

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of pesticides, and specifically relates to a herbicidal composition and its application.
  • Chemical herbicides are the most economical and effective means of controlling weeds in farmland.
  • long-term and continuous use of high-dose chemical herbicides of a single variety or mode of action can easily cause problems such as weed resistance and resistance evolution.
  • the rational compounding or mixing of herbicide compounds has the advantages of expanding the weed spectrum, improving the control effect, and delaying the occurrence and development of weed resistance and drug resistance. It is one of the most effective methods to solve the above problems.
  • In production There is still a need to develop herbicidal combination varieties that are highly safe, have broad herbicidal spectrum, can produce synergistic effects and solve the problem of resistant weeds.
  • the present invention provides a herbicidal composition and its application.
  • the composition can effectively control weed problems such as Spartina alterniflora, and has the characteristics of expanding the herbicidal spectrum, reducing the application amount, producing synergistic effects and solving resistant weeds.
  • a herbicidal composition comprising a herbicidal effective amount of active ingredient A and active ingredient B, wherein,
  • Active ingredient A is N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl
  • Active ingredient B is selected from one or more of the following compounds: fluopyfenofop (CAS: 72619-32-0), cyhalofopate (CAS: 122008-85-9), imidazole nicotinic acid (81334 -34-1).
  • the weight ratio of A and B in the herbicidal composition is 1:200 ⁇ 200:1, 1:180 ⁇ 100:1, 1:160 ⁇ 50:1, 1:150 ⁇ 30:1, 1:100 ⁇ 15:1, 1:80 ⁇ 10:1, 1:60 ⁇ 5:1, 1:50 ⁇ 1:1, 1:30 ⁇ 1:5 or 1:15 ⁇ 1:10.
  • the mass percentage of A and B in the herbicidal composition accounts for 1-95% of the total amount, preferably 10-80%.
  • the herbicidal composition also contains conventional auxiliaries, which include carriers and/or surfactants.
  • carrier means an organic or inorganic, natural or synthetic substance. They facilitate the application of the active ingredient, the carrier being generally inert and must be agriculturally acceptable, in particular to the plants to be treated.
  • the carrier can be solid, such as clay, natural or synthetic silicates, silica, resin, wax, solid fertilizer, etc.; or liquid, such as water, alcohols, ketones, petroleum distillates, aromatic or waxy hydrocarbons, chlorine Hydrocarbons, liquefied gas, etc.
  • Surfactants may include emulsifiers, dispersants, or wetting agents, and may be ionic or nonionic. Examples that may be mentioned are salts of polyacrylic acid, lignosulfonates, phenolsulfonic acid or naphthalenesulfonic acid, ethylene oxide with aliphatic alcohols or with aliphatic acids or with aliphatic amines with substituted phenols (in particular It is a polymer of alkylphenol or arylphenol), sulfosuccinate, taurine derivatives (especially taurine alkyl esters) and phosphate esters of alcohols or polyhydroxyethylated phenols, Alkyl sulfonates, alkylaryl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, lauryl ether sulfates, fatty alcohol sulfates, and sulfated cetade-, heptadecano- and stearyl alcohols and sulfated fatty
  • compositions may also contain various other ingredients such as protective colloids, binders, thickeners, thixotropic agents, penetrants, stabilizers, chelating agents, dyes, colorants and polymers.
  • the herbicidal composition further includes at least one safener, preferably cyprosulfamide (CAS: 163520-33-0), cyprosulfamide (CAS: 221667-31-8), pyrazopyramide (CAS: 135590- 91-9), detoxquin (CAS: 99607-70-2), gibberellic acid (CAS: 7-06-5), furilazole (CAS: 121776-33-8), metcamifen (CAS: 129531-12-0 ) one or more.
  • cyprosulfamide CAS: 163520-33-0
  • cyprosulfamide CAS: 221667-31-8
  • pyrazopyramide CAS: 135590- 91-9
  • detoxquin CAS: 99607-70-2
  • gibberellic acid CAS: 7-06-5
  • furilazole CAS: 121776-33-8
  • metcamifen CAS: 129531-12-0
  • composition of the present invention can be diluted before use or used directly by the user. Its preparation can be prepared by usual processing methods, that is, after mixing the active substance with a liquid solvent or solid carrier, then adding one or more surfactants such as dispersants, stabilizers, wetting agents, adhesives, defoaming agents, etc. kind.
  • surfactants such as dispersants, stabilizers, wetting agents, adhesives, defoaming agents, etc. kind.
  • Specific formulations of the herbicidal composition are dispersible oil suspensions, water suspensions, suspoemulsions, wettable powders, emulsifiable concentrates, water-dispersible granules (dry suspensions), aqueous emulsions, and microemulsions.
  • compositions of the present invention may be mixed with solid and liquid additives conventionally used in prior art formulations.
  • active ingredients used vary as external conditions change, such as temperature, humidity, the nature of the herbicide used, etc. It can vary widely, for example between 0.001 and 2.0kg/ha, or more active substance, but is preferably between 0.1 and 1kg/ha, especially between 1 and 500g/ha.
  • the common name of the active compound includes in each case all conventional derivatives, such as esters and salts, as well as isomers, in particular optical isomers, in particular One or more commercially available forms.
  • the common name means an ester or a salt, it also includes in each case all other conventional derivatives, such as other esters and salts, free acids and neutral compounds, as well as isomers, in particular optical isomers, esp. is one or more commercially available forms.
  • the chemical names given for compounds represent at least one compound covered by the common name, which is usually the preferred compound.
  • salts also include salts formed by the exchange of cations with hydrogen atoms in the sulfonamide group.
  • 2-methyl-4 chloride derivatives include but are not limited to: 2-methyl-4 chloride sodium salt, potassium salt, dimethyl ammonium salt, isopropylamine salt, etc., as well as 2-methyl-4 chloromethyl ester, ethyl ester, isooctyl ester, ethyl sulfide Esters, etc.
  • 2,4-D derivatives include but are not limited to: 2,4-D salts such as sodium salt, potassium salt, dimethylammonium salt, triethanolammonium salt, isopropylamine salt, choline, etc., and 2,4 -D ester such as methyl ester, ethyl ester, butyl ester, isooctyl ester, etc.
  • the present invention also provides a use of the herbicidal composition for controlling weeds; and a method for controlling unwanted plant growth, which comprises applying the herbicidal composition to plants, plant parts, plant seeds or The area where plants grow.
  • composition of the present invention can be applied by spraying to the leaves of plants to be treated, that is, to weeds, especially to surfaces infested by weeds or susceptible to infestation.
  • composition of the present invention is environmentally friendly and is easily degraded in the environment.
  • the herbicidal composition of the present invention is low in cost and easy to use, and its popularization and application will have huge economic and social benefits.
  • the processing process of the above emulsifiable concentrate put all the materials into the batching kettle, stir and dissolve until completely transparent, and after passing the test, transfer to the storage tank for filling.
  • the above wettable powder processing equipment mechanical pulverizer, jet pulverizer.
  • the above-mentioned wettable powder processing process put all materials such as the original drug and additives into a mechanical pulverizer, and then pass them through an airflow pulverizer. Take samples and test them for later use.
  • Weeds are cultivated using the potting method, using a 180 ⁇ 140mm plastic nutrient bowl, placed in an enamel tray, filled with air-dried and screened surface soil (4/5 locations) collected from farmland. The soil moisture is controlled at 20% in the initial stage, and the seeds are selected. Soak the plump and uniform weed seeds in warm water at 25°C for 6 hours, and germinate in a biochemical incubator (dark) at 28°C. Place the newly white weed seeds evenly on the soil surface, and then cover them with soil 0.5-0.5% based on the size of the seed particles. 1cm.
  • 3WP-2000 walking spray tower Nanjing Agricultural Machinery Research Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture. GA0 type 1/10000 electronic balance (Germany); ZDR2000 intelligent data recorder (Hangzhou Zeda Instrument Co., Ltd.); SPX type intelligent biochemical incubator (Ningbo Jiangnan Instrument Factory).
  • the required active ingredients are purchased from reagent companies or synthesized according to conventional methods.
  • the original drug uses acetone as the solvent and is diluted with a 0.1% emulsifier Tween-80 aqueous solution.
  • Each treatment was repeated 4 times, with 3 pots per treatment, and 20 weed seeds were sown in each pot, resulting in a total of 60 weeds per treatment.
  • the drug was administered once in the trial. When the weeds reach the 1.5-2 leaf stage, thin out the seedlings, keep 10 weeds in each pot, and keep 30 weeds in each treatment, and then continue to cultivate until they have 4-5 leaves for treatment.
  • the investigation was conducted 21 days after treatment, with a total of 1 investigation.
  • the herbicidal composition prepared in the above Examples 1-3 was used to conduct a test on the control effect of Spartina alterniflora on the coastal beach.
  • Stem and leaf treatment When the weeds are in the 5-7 leaf stage, use drones to control them, add 2 kg of water/667m 2 , and spray evenly with stem and leaf spray.
  • the specific test chemicals and doses are shown in Table 4.
  • the plot area is 667 square meters, and each treatment was repeated three times.
  • the control effects investigated 15 days after application are shown in Table 4.
  • the present invention unexpectedly discovered that the composition is used to control major grass weeds, broadleaf weeds, sedge weeds, etc., and has a surprising and unexpected synergistic effect.
  • the synergistic effect is more significant at low doses, which can reduce the dosage and environmental pollution, and the reasonable compounding reduces agricultural costs and has good applications. prospect.
  • it has been tested to show good selectivity and excellent performance in wheat fields, corn fields, rice fields, peanuts, sugar cane, sorghum, millet, potatoes, rape, soybeans, cotton, vegetables, bluegrass, tall fescue, zoysia and other plants.
  • the synergistic effect can be developed into herbicide mixtures with broad market value.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明属于农药领域，具体涉及一种除草组合物及其应用。所述除草组合物包括除草有效量的活性成分A和活性成分B，其中，活性成分A为（I）；活性成分B选自以下化合物中的一种或多种：高效氟吡甲禾灵、氰氟草酯、咪唑烟酸。该组合物能有效防除互花米草等杂草问题，具有扩大杀草谱、减少施用量、能够产生增效作用并解决抗性杂草等特点。

Description

一种除草组合物及其应用 技术领域
本发明属于农药领域，具体涉及一种除草组合物及其应用。
背景技术
化学除草是农田杂草防除中最为经济、有效的手段，但长期连续高剂量地使用单一品种或单一作用方式的化学除草剂，容易造成杂草耐药和抗性演化等问题。除草剂化合物的合理复配或混配具有扩大杂草谱、提高防除效果、延缓杂草耐药性和抗药性的发生与发展等优点，是解决上述问题的最为有效的方法之一，生产上仍需开发安全性高、杀草谱广、能够产生增效作用并解决抗性杂草问题的除草组合物品种。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中存在的上述问题，本发明提供一种除草组合物及其应用。该组合物能有效防除互花米草等杂草问题，具有扩大杀草谱、减少施用量、能够产生增效作用并解决抗性杂草等特点。
一种除草组合物，包括除草有效量的活性成分A和活性成分B，其中，
活性成分A为
活性成分B选自以下化合物中的一种或多种：高效氟吡甲禾灵(CAS:72619-32-0)、氰氟草酯(CAS:122008-85-9)、咪唑烟酸(81334-34-1)。
其中，所述除草组合物中A和B的重量比为1:200～200:1、1:180～100:1、1:160～50:1、1:150～30:1、1:100～15:1、1:80～10:1、1:60～5:1、1:50～1:1、1:30～1:5或1:15～1:10。
所述除草组合物中A和B的质量百分含量占总量的1-95％，优选10-80％。
所述除草组合物中还包含常规助剂，所述常规助剂包括载体和/或表面活性剂。
本文中的术语“载体”表示一种有机或无机、天然或合成的物质。它们有助于活性成分的施用，该载体一般是惰性的且必须是农业上可接受的，特别是被处理的植物所接受。载体可以是固体的，如陶土、天然或合成的硅酸盐、二氧化硅、树脂、蜡、固体肥料等；或者液体的，如水、醇类、酮类、石油馏分、芳烃或蜡烃、氯代烃、液化气等。
表面活性剂可包括乳化剂、分散剂或润湿剂，它可以是离子型或非离子型的。可提及的实例是聚丙烯酸的盐、木质素磺酸盐、苯酚磺酸或萘磺酸的盐、环氧乙烷与脂肪族醇或与脂族酸或与脂肪族胺与取代苯酚(特别是烷基苯酚或芳基苯酚)的聚合物、磺基琥珀酸盐、牛磺酸衍生物(特别是牛磺酸烷脂)及醇的磷酸酯或多羟乙基化的苯酚的磷酸酯、烷基磺酸盐、烷基芳基磺酸盐、烷基硫酸盐、月桂基醚硫酸盐、脂肪醇硫酸盐，以及硫酸化十六-、十七-和十八烷醇以及硫酸化脂肪醇乙二醇醚，此外还有萘或萘磺酸与苯酚和甲醛的缩合物、聚氧 乙烯辛基苯基醚、乙氧基化异辛基酚、辛基酚或壬基酚、烷基苯基聚乙二醇醚、三丁基苯基聚乙二醇醚、三硬脂基苯基聚乙二醇醚、烷基芳基聚醚醇、醇和脂肪醇/氧化乙烯缩合物、乙氧基化蓖麻油、聚氧乙烯烷基醚、乙氧基化聚氧丙烯、月桂醇聚乙二醇醚缩醛、山梨醇酯、木素亚硫酸盐废液，以及蛋白质、变性蛋白、多糖(例如甲基纤维素)、疏水改性淀粉、聚乙烯醇、聚羧酸盐、聚烷氧基化物、聚乙烯胺、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮及其共聚物。至少需要一种表面活性剂存在，以有利于活性成分在水中的分散并有利于使它们能正确地施用于植物。
上述组合物也可含有各种其他的组分，如保护胶体、粘合剂、增稠剂、触变剂、渗透剂、稳定剂、螯合剂、染料、着色剂和聚合物。
所述除草组合物进一步包括至少一种安全剂，优选双苯噁唑酸(CAS：163520-33-0)、cyprosulfamide(CAS：221667-31-8)、吡唑解草酯(CAS：135590-91-9)、解毒喹(CAS：99607-70-2)、赤霉酸(CAS：7-06-5)、furilazole(CAS：121776-33-8)、metcamifen(CAS：129531-12-0)中的一种或多种。
本发明的组合物可以由使用者在使用前经稀释或直接使用。其配制可由通常的加工方法制备，即将活性物质与液体溶剂或固体载体混合后，再加入表面活性剂如分散剂、稳定剂、湿润剂、粘合剂、消泡剂等中的一种或几种。
所述除草组合物的具体制剂为可分散油悬浮剂、水悬浮剂、悬乳剂、可湿性粉剂、乳油、水分散粒剂(干悬浮剂)、水乳剂、微乳剂。
简而言之，本发明的组合物可以和现有技术的配方中常规使用的固体和液体添加剂混合。随着外部条件的变化，有效成分的使用量也不同，外部条件为，例如温度、湿度、使用的除草剂的性质等等。它可以有大的变化幅度，例如在0.001到2.0kg/ha之间，或更多的活性物质，但优选在0.1到1kg/ha之间，特别是在1到500g/ha之间。
在本说明书的上下文中，如果使用活性化合物的通用名称的缩写形式，则在每种情况下包括所有的常规衍生物，例如酯和盐，以及异构体，特别是光学异构体，特别是一种或多种市售形式。如果通用名称表示酯或盐，则在每种情况下还包括所有其他的常规衍生物，例如其他的酯和盐、游离酸和中性化合物，以及异构体，特别是光学异构体，特别是一种或多种市售形式。给出的化合物的化学名称表示至少一种被通用名称涵盖的化合物，通常是优选的化合物。在磺酰胺如磺酰脲的情况下，盐还包括通过阳离子与磺酰胺基团中的氢原子交换而形成的盐。例如，2甲4氯衍生物包含但不限于：2甲4氯钠盐、钾盐、二甲铵盐、异丙胺盐等，以及2甲4氯甲酯、乙酯、异辛酯、乙硫酯等；2,4-D衍生物包含但不限于：2,4-D盐如钠盐、钾盐、二甲铵盐、三乙醇铵盐、异丙胺盐、胆碱等，以及2,4-D酯如甲酯、乙酯、丁酯、异辛酯等。
本发明还提供一种所述除草组合物在防治杂草上的应用；以及提供一种防治不想要的植物生长的方法，其包括将所述除草组合物施用于植物、植物部位、植物种子或植物生长的区域。
另外，本发明的组合物可通过喷雾的方法被施用于待处理植物叶片上，即施用于杂草，特别是杂草侵扰或易侵扰影响的表面上。
当施用本发明的除草组合物时，获得了预料不到的增效效果，并且除草活性比使用单个 除草剂的活性预期总和，以及单个除草剂的活性更为显著。增效效果表现为施用量减少、更宽的杂草控制谱、除草作用更快、更持久，这些特性是杂草控制实践过程中所需要的。就所描述的特性来说，这些新组合物明显地优越于现有的除草剂，达到减量使用，对环境更友好。
本发明的增效除草组合物还具有下述优点:
(1)本发明的组合物为环境友好型，在环境中均易于降解。
(2)本发明的除草组合物成本低、使用方便，其推广应用有巨大的经济效益和社会效益。
本文提到或引用的所有专利、专利申请和出版物整体引入本文作为参考，其引用程度如同单独地个别引用一样。
具体实施方式
下列实施例并非限制本发明，而只是用来说明本发明是如何实现的。对于某些杂草，这些实施例显示出特别显著的有效性。举例如下：
A)实施例
1.A+高效氟吡甲禾灵(4+4)乳油
4％A+4％高效氟吡甲禾灵+5％十二烷基苯磺酸钙+7％腰果酚聚氧乙烯醚+5％N-辛基吡咯烷酮+10％180#溶剂油+混合脂肪酸甲酯补足
2.A+氰氟草酯(4+25)乳油
4％A+25％氰氟草酯+5％十二烷基苯磺酸钙+5％腰果酚聚氧乙烯醚+2％嵌段聚醚乳化剂+5％有机硅润湿渗透剂+5％N-辛基吡咯烷酮+180#溶剂油补足
3.A+咪唑烟酸(4+75)可湿性粉剂
4％A+75％咪唑烟酸+3％气相法白炭黑+3％十二烷基硫酸钠+3％聚羧酸盐分散剂+2％木质素磺酸钠+硅藻土补足
上述乳油的加工设备：真空泵，配料釜，储罐。
上述乳油的加工过程：将所有物料投入配料釜中，搅拌溶解至完全透明，化验合格后，转移至储罐灌装。
上述可湿性粉剂加工设备：机械粉碎机，气流粉碎机。
上述可湿性粉剂加工过程：将原药、助剂等所有物料投入机械粉碎机中，之后过气流粉碎机，取样化验合格后备用。
B)药效试验
苗后茎叶喷雾处理:
1)试验条件
1.1)、供试靶标
杂草采用盆栽法培养，用180х140mm塑料营养钵，摆放于搪瓷盘中，内装从农田采回经风干过筛的表层土壤(4/5处)，土壤湿度初期均控制在20％，挑选籽粒饱满均一的杂草种子，用25℃温水浸泡6小时，在28℃生化培养箱(黑暗)中催芽，将刚刚露白的杂草种子均匀摆放在土壤表面，根据种子粒径大小然后覆土0.5-1cm。
1.2)、培养条件
在可控日光温室内进行，温度20～30℃，自然光照，相对湿度57％～72％。土壤类型为 壤土，有机质含量为1.63％，pH＝7.1，碱解氮84.3mg/kg，速效磷38.5mg/kg，速效钾82.1mg/kg。1.3)、仪器设备
3WP-2000型行走式喷雾塔，农业部南京农业机械研究所。GA0型万分之一电子天平(德国)；ZDR2000智能数据记录仪(杭州泽大仪器有限公司)；SPX型智能生化培养箱(宁波江南仪器厂)。
2)试验设计
2.1)、试剂
所需活性成分由试剂公司购买或根据常规方法合成制得。原药均采用丙酮作溶剂，用含量0.1％乳化剂吐温-80水溶液稀释，现用现稀释。
2.2)、试验处理
2.2.1)、剂量设置
在确定A与活性成分B配比或含量时，应从两种药剂的作用特点及其毒力等衡量，还要考虑该配方的主要使用目的。本研究在前期预试的基础上，设A、B活性成分单用及混合用量分别见表格。以不含药剂、含相同溶剂及乳化剂的水作为空白对照。
2.2.2)、试验重复
每处理重复4次，每次处理3盆，每盆播种杂草种子20粒，每处理共60株。
2.3)、处理方式
2.3.1)、处理时间和次数
试验共用药1次。待杂草1.5-2叶期，间苗，保持每盆内杂草10株，每处理保留30株，然后继续培养至4-5叶进行处理。
2.3.2)、使用器械和用药方法
将培养好的试材均匀摆放在面积0.5m2的平台上，用3WP-2000型行走式喷雾塔茎叶喷雾，喷液量按450公斤/公顷计，喷雾压力0.3MPa。待全部药液喷完后，关闭气阀，30秒后，打开喷雾塔门，取出营养钵。然后打开气阀，喷清水50mL，清洗喷液管。
3)试验方法
采用盆栽法。杂草培养见1.1)，参照《农药室内生物测定试验准则除草剂》进行。用药方法见2.3.2)，采用茎叶处理法。处理后移入温室常规培养。
4)数据调查与统计分析
4.1)、调查方法
采用绝对数调查法，用刀片沿土壤表面切断存活杂草整株幼苗，用分析天平称量杂草鲜重。对于已经死亡的杂草，按鲜重为零计。
4.2)、调查时间和次数
处理后21天调查，共调查1次。
4.3)、数据统计分析
用Gowing法计算各处理混合组合的理论鲜重抑制率(E0＝X+Y-X*Y/100)，然后与实测抑制率(E)相比较，评价二者混用对杂草的联合作用类型，当E-E0值大于10％为增效作用、小于-10％为拮抗作用、在-10％～10％之间为加成作用。并根据实际防效和除草剂特点、配 方的平衡性等因素确定最佳配比。式中X为活性成分A用量为P时的鲜重抑制率；Y为活性成分B用量为Q时的鲜重抑制率。
统计结果见下表1-3。
表1 A混配高效氟吡甲禾灵对互花米草的实际防效与联合作用评价
表2 A混配氰氟草酯对互花米草的实际防效与联合作用评价
表3 A混配咪唑烟酸对互花米草的实际防效与联合作用评价
C)大田示范
利用上述实施例1-3制得的除草组合物进行沿海滩涂互花米草防治效果试验。
试验方法：
茎叶处理(F)：待杂草处于5-7叶期，无人机飞防，兑水量2公斤/667m2，采用茎叶喷雾均匀喷雾。
具体试验药剂及剂量详见表4，小区面积667平方米，每处理重复3次。施药后15天调查防除效果见表4。
表4所述复配组合物的大田示范效果情况
经过大量试验和探索，本发明意外地发现，所述组合物用于防除主要禾本科杂草、阔叶杂草及莎草科杂草等，具有令人惊讶的、意想不到的增效作用，尤其是对互花米草增效显著，这种增效作用在低剂量下表现更为显著，可降低用药量，降低对环境的污染，且合理复配降低了农用成本，具有很好的应用前景。同时经过测试在小麦田、玉米田、水稻田、花生、甘蔗、高粱、谷子、马铃薯、油菜、大豆、棉花、蔬菜、早熟禾、高羊茅、结缕草等植物显示良好的选择性和优异的增效作用，可以开发成具有广泛市场价值的除草剂混剂。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种除草组合物，其特征在于，包括除草有效量的活性成分A和活性成分B，其中，
    活性成分A为
    活性成分B选自以下化合物中的一种或多种：高效氟吡甲禾灵、氰氟草酯、咪唑烟酸。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的除草组合物，其特征在于，所述除草组合物中A和B的重量比为1:200～200:1、1:180～100:1、1:160～50:1、1:150～30:1、1:100～15:1、1:80～10:1、1:60～5:1、1:50～1:1、1:30～1:5或1:15～1:10。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的除草组合物，其特征在于，所述除草组合物中A和B的质量百分含量占总量的1-95％，优选10-80％。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3任意一项所述的除草组合物，其特征在于，所述除草组合物中还包括常规助剂。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的除草组合物，其特征在于，所述常规助剂包括载体和/或表面活性剂。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5任意一项所述的除草组合物，其特征在于，所述除草组合物进一步包括至少一种安全剂。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的除草组合物，其特征在于，所述安全剂选自双苯噁唑酸、cyprosulfamide、吡唑解草酯、解毒喹、赤霉酸、furilazole、metcamifen中的一种或多种。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7任意一项所述的除草组合物，其特征在于，所述除草组合物的具体制剂为可分散油悬浮剂、水悬浮剂、悬乳剂、可湿性粉剂、乳油、水分散粒剂、水乳剂或微乳剂。
  9. 如权利要求1至8任意一项所述的除草组合物在防治杂草上的应用，优选地，所述杂草为互花米草。
  10. 一种防治不想要的植物生长的方法，其包括将权利要求1至8任意一项所述的除草组合物施用于植物、植物部位、植物种子或植物生长的区域，优选地，所述不想要的植物为互花米草。
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CN117666673A (zh) * 2023-12-06 2024-03-08 广东省水利水电第三工程局有限公司 对互花米草治理覆土的深度的动态控制方法、系统及设备

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