WO2023168920A1 - 一种谐波磁场驱动电机 - Google Patents

一种谐波磁场驱动电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023168920A1
WO2023168920A1 PCT/CN2022/117668 CN2022117668W WO2023168920A1 WO 2023168920 A1 WO2023168920 A1 WO 2023168920A1 CN 2022117668 W CN2022117668 W CN 2022117668W WO 2023168920 A1 WO2023168920 A1 WO 2023168920A1
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Prior art keywords
magnetic field
stator
rotor
harmonic magnetic
motor
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PCT/CN2022/117668
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English (en)
French (fr)
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周建民
许恒帅
贺海亮
刘培海
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宁波恒帅股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023168920A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023168920A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/278—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/12—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors arranged in slots
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
    • H02K3/48—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure in slots
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
    • H02K3/52—Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a motor, in particular to a harmonic magnetic field drive motor.
  • Permanent magnet motors As a device that converts electrical energy into rotating mechanical energy, the motor has become an indispensable and irreplaceable core device for people to pursue a better life.
  • Permanent magnet motors have the advantages of small size and relatively high efficiency, and are widely used in all walks of life.
  • rare earth permanent magnet materials have the significant advantage of high magnetic energy product and are widely used in brushless DC motors (hereinafter referred to as BLDC) and permanent magnet motors.
  • BLDC brushless DC motors
  • PMSM The field of magnetic synchronous motor
  • the size of the motor can be reduced, which means that the weight of the motor is also reduced simultaneously, which can significantly save motor materials.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a harmonic magnetic field drive motor to solve the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, so that it can reduce the volume and increase the power density.
  • a harmonic magnetic field drive motor which includes: a rotor assembly, a stator assembly, a control module and a wire harness.
  • the wire harness is connected to the control module through welding, and the control module is connected through positioning The column and the elastic fixing card are fixed to the stator assembly.
  • the wire harness passes through the radial hole provided in the stator assembly and is led out from the axial hole.
  • the cylindrical bearing provided in the stator assembly supports and positions the rotor assembly.
  • the harmonic magnetic field drives The energized rotor assembly of the motor rotates in the circumferential direction.
  • the main structure is expressed as follows:
  • stator winding is divided into m phases according to the set connection rules
  • the stator assembly with windings is placed alone in free space (without motor assembly), and any phase winding is supplied with a DC constant current.
  • the number of pole pairs of the phase winding magnetic field formed is Pm;
  • the rotor magnets are arranged in sequence in the circumferential direction in the order of N poles and S poles. In the 360° mechanical space along the rotor circumference, the number of rotor magnet pole pairs formed is Pr;
  • the motor air gap is formed in the combined space.
  • harmonic magnetic field drive motor of the present invention will be further described:
  • harmonic magnetic field drive motor A. Whether it is controlled by BLDC or PMSM, the necessary condition for the rotation of the motor rotor is that the number of pole pairs of the magnetic field generated by the stator winding in the air gap of the motor is equal to the number of pole pairs of the rotor permanent magnets; B. Stator After the winding is energized, a fundamental wave magnetomotive force is generated in the air gap of the motor. Under the action of the stator slot magnetic conductance, a series of harmonic magnetic fields are distributed along the air gap space; C. When the polarity of a specific air gap harmonic magnetic field When the logarithm is equal to the pole pair number Pr of the permanent magnet rotor, a stable electromagnetic torque will be output.
  • the motor will output stable electromagnetic torque only when the number of magnetic pole pairs formed by the rotor and the stator coil are equal;
  • Each wire package has 2 component sides, and each stator slot is a double-layer winding. Two component sides are placed on the upper and lower layers or on the left and right sides. This means that the number of stator slots is equal to the total number of wire packages.
  • Each phase winding contains k wire packages, and the motor is divided into m phases.
  • Control method of harmonic magnetic field drive motor suitable for BLDC control method and PMSM control method, where BLDC is a square wave voltage (current) drive method and PMSM is a sine wave voltage (current) drive method.
  • the main means to improve the power volume density of permanent magnet motors a. Optimize the motor magnetic circuit: the improvement effect is limited; b. Select permanent magnet materials with higher magnetic energy product: causing a significant increase in manufacturing costs; c. Reduce the gap between the motor stator and rotor air gap value: Basically, the air gap magnetic field amplitude is inversely proportional to the air gap value, so the improvement effect is obvious;
  • the inner arc surface, the left bevel surface of the dovetail groove and the right bevel surface of the dovetail groove provided on the rotor laminations cooperate with the outer arc surface, left bevel surface and right bevel surface provided on the magnetic steel to position the magnetic steel in the radial and circumferential directions, thereby improving the The positioning accuracy of the magnet ensures the smooth operation of the harmonic magnetic field drive motor.
  • a radial hole and an axial hole are provided on the motor shaft of the stator assembly to facilitate the passage of the wire harness through the radial hole and the axial hole to realize the extraction of the wire harness.
  • elastic fixing clips and positioning posts are provided on the stator assembly, which can improve the positioning accuracy of the control module and make its fixing more firm and reliable.
  • the magnets of the rotor assembly and the casing are designed to be connected in a surface-mounted manner.
  • the rotor laminations and dovetail groove structures are not used for positioning.
  • the magnet bonding process uses auxiliary tooling for positioning, which can equalize the magnets. The positioning effect is also feasible.
  • the harmonic magnetic field drive motor can be designed with an outer stator and an inner rotor structure according to different uses, which can also achieve the same performance and effect as the outer rotor and inner stator structure in the embodiment of this patent.
  • harmonic magnetic field drive motor is designed with an outer stator and an inner rotor structure, and the magnetic steel bonding method of the rotor assembly can be surface-mounted or surface-buried, which can also achieve the same performance and effect.
  • the harmonic magnetic field drive motor is designed with an outer stator and inner rotor structure and adopts PMSM control method.
  • the magnets of the rotor assembly can be embedded, which can also achieve the same performance and effect.
  • the advantage of the present invention is that the harmonic magnetic field drive motor can greatly increase the number of cogging torque fluctuation cycles through the set combination of the number of stator slots and the number of rotor magnet poles, and can reduce the harmonic magnetic field drive While maintaining or reducing the cogging torque fluctuation amplitude of the harmonic magnetic field driven motor while maintaining the air gap value of the motor, through the set stator winding method, the number of pole pairs of the harmonic magnetic field generated by the stator is equal to the number of pole pairs of the rotor magnets.
  • harmonic magnetic field drive motor structure can match traditional BLDC and PMSM motor control modules, and has strong versatility in control.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a harmonic magnetic field drive motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of a harmonic magnetic field drive motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a harmonic magnetic field drive motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4a is a partial view of the A-A cross-section in Figure 3 .
  • Figure 4b is a partial view of the B-B cross section in Figure 3 .
  • Figure 5a is a partial enlarged view of F in Figure 4a.
  • Figure 5b is a partial enlarged view of P in Figure 4b.
  • Figure 6 is an exploded schematic view of the rotor assembly according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a partially rotated enlarged view of W in Figure 6.
  • Figure 8 is a perspective view of the magnet according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is an exploded schematic diagram of the stator assembly according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of the motor shaft according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a harmonic magnetic field driven motor with the rotor outside according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a harmonic magnetic field driven motor including a rotor according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a harmonic magnetic field driven motor including a rotor according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a harmonic magnetic field driven motor including a rotor according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.
  • a harmonic magnetic field drive motor includes a rotor assembly 1, a stator assembly 2, a control module 3 and a wire harness 4.
  • the harmonic magnetic field drive motor When the harmonic magnetic field drive motor is energized and working, it outputs torque through the rotation of the rotor assembly 1, thereby converting electrical energy into mechanical energy.
  • the rotor assembly 1 is composed of a casing 11 , a rotor lamination 12 and a magnet 13 .
  • the rotor laminations 12 are bonded to the inner circumferential surface of the casing 11 through adhesive.
  • the rotor lamination 12 has 20 magnets (10 pairs of poles) evenly arranged on the inner circle.
  • the above-mentioned rotor lamination 12 is provided with an inner arc surface 1201, a dovetail groove left bevel 1202, and a dovetail groove right bevel 1203, respectively, which cooperate with the outer arc surface 1301, left bevel 1302, and right bevel 1303 of the magnet 13 to perform radial and circumferential movement of the magnet 13. direction, and are bonded to the dovetail grooves of the rotor lamination 12 through adhesive in an alternating arrangement of N poles and S poles to improve the smooth operation of the harmonic magnetic field drive motor.
  • the laminations of the stator assembly 2 are evenly provided with 15 slots on the outer circle, the number of pole pairs per phase line package is 5, and the number of each phase line package is 5.
  • Each wire package has 2 component sides, and each stator slot is designed with double-layer winding, with 2 component sides placed on the upper and lower layers or on the left and right sides.
  • the number of stator slots is equal to the total number of wire packages.
  • the laminated outer circle of the stator assembly 2 and the magnet 13 of the rotor assembly 1 form a harmonic magnetic field driving motor air gap L.
  • the wire harness 4 and the control module 3 are connected by welding.
  • the stator assembly 2 is provided with elastic fixing clips 212 and positioning posts 213 to position and fix the control module 3, making the fixation of the control module 3 more firm and reliable.
  • a radial hole 2111 and an axial hole 2112 are provided on the motor shaft 211 of the stator assembly 2 to facilitate the wire harness 4 to pass through the radial hole 2111 and the axial hole 2112 to realize the extraction of the wire harness 4.
  • the cylindrical bearings 23 and 28 provided in the stator assembly 2 are fixed in the casing 11 of the rotor assembly 1 and play a role in supporting and positioning the rotor assembly 1.
  • the harmonic magnetic field drive motor When the harmonic magnetic field drive motor is energized and working, the rotor assembly can rotate in a circular motion. direction of rotation.
  • the stator assembly 2 is provided with stop rings 25 and 26 to fix the cylindrical bearings 23 and 28 respectively to achieve axial limitation of the rotor assembly 1, and the wear-resistant gaskets 24 and 27 are provided to reduce friction. role.
  • the magnets N and S of the rotor assembly are designed to be connected to the casing 111 in a surface-mounted manner, without using the dovetail groove positioning of the rotor laminations, which can achieve the same positioning effect as the magnets.
  • the harmonic magnetic field drive motor is designed with an outer stator and an inner rotor structure.
  • the magnets N and S of the rotor assembly are bonded to the rotor laminations using a surface-mounted or surface-buried method. 222, can achieve the same performance and effect.
  • the harmonic magnetic field drive motor is designed with an outer stator and an inner rotor structure, and adopts PMSM control mode.
  • the magnets N and S of the rotor assembly can be embedded, which can also achieve the same performance and effect. .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

Abstract

一种谐波磁场驱动电机，其包括：A.定子叠片上设置若干个齿槽，槽数为Z；B.定子圆周360°机械空间上，定子绕组按照设定的连接规律分为m相；C.带绕组的定子组件单独置于自由空间，任意一相绕组通以直流恒定电流，在定子圆周360°机械空间上，形成的相绕组磁场极对数为Pm；D.每相绕组包含的线包个数为k＝n×Pm,n＝1，2，3…；E.转子磁钢在圆周方向上按照N极和S极顺序进行依次排列，沿着转子圆周360°机械空间上，形成的转子磁钢极对数为Pr；F.在定子和转子圆周360°机械空间上，组合的空间内形成电机气隙；所述谐波磁场驱动电机转子磁钢极对数Pr必须满足：Pr＝Z±Pm；其中谐波磁场驱动电机定子槽数Z＝m×k，采用双层绕组。

Description

一种谐波磁场驱动电机 技术领域
本发明涉及一种电机，特别涉及一种谐波磁场驱动电机。
背景技术
电机作为将电能转化为旋转机械能的装置，成为人们追求美好生活不可缺少及不可替代的核心器件。永磁电机具有体积小，效率相对高等优点，被广泛运用到各行各业，特别是稀土永磁材料具有高磁能积的显著优点，被广泛地运用到直流无刷电机(以下简称BLDC)和永磁同步电机(以下简称PMSM)领域，成为引领电机主流的发展方向和趋势。由于稀土永磁材料属于不可再生资源，如何充分提高材料的利用率成为全世界各国研究的重点课题。因此，迫切需要设计一种谐波磁场驱动电机，与传统电机相比，在输出功率相同的条件下，电机体积可以减小，意味着电机的重量也同步进行了减少，能明显节省电机材料的使用成本，尤其是稀土永磁材料的成本，极大地提升了产品的竞争优势。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是为了针对上述现有技术的不足而提供一种谐波磁场驱动电机，使其能够减小体积，提高功率密度。
本发明解决上述存在的问题所采用的技术方案为：一种谐波磁场驱动电机，其包括：转子组件、定子组件、控制模块和线束，所述线束与控制模块通过焊接连接，控制模块通过定位柱和弹性固定卡固定于所述定子组件，线束穿过定子组件设置的径向孔并从轴向孔中引出，定子组件设置的柱形轴承对转子组件起支撑和定位作用，谐波磁场驱动电机通电转子组件沿圆周方向旋转，主要结构表述如下：
A.定子叠片上设置若干个齿槽，槽数为Z；
B.在定子圆周360°机械空间上，定子绕组按照设定的连接规律分为m相；
C.带绕组的定子组件单独置于自由空间(不进行电机装配)，任意一相绕组通以直流恒定电流，在定子圆周360°机械空间上，形成的相绕组磁场极对数为Pm；
D.每相绕组包含的线包个数为k＝n×Pm(n＝1，2，3…)；
E.转子磁钢在圆周方向上按照N极和S极顺序进行依次排列，沿着转子圆周360°机械空间上，形成的转子磁钢极对数为Pr；
F.在定子和转子圆周360°机械空间上，组合的空间内形成电机气隙。
本发明实施例设计为定子槽数Z＝15，转子磁钢极对数Pr＝10，每相线包极对数 Pm＝5,每相线包数k＝5。
更具体地，对本发明谐波磁场驱动电机作进一步说明：
谐波磁场驱动电机的原理：A.无论作为BLDC控制或PMSM控制，电机转子转动的必要条件是定子绕组在电机气隙中产生的磁场极对数与转子永磁体极对数相等；B.定子绕组通电后，在电机气隙中产生基波磁动势,在定子齿槽磁导的作用下，沿气隙空间分布一系列的谐波磁场；C.当特定的气隙谐波磁场的极对数等于永磁体转子极对数Pr时，则会输出稳定的电磁力矩。
为满足谐波磁场驱动电机的原理，必须符合以下条件：
A.谐波磁场驱动电机转子磁极对数Pr必须满足：Z±Pm＝Pr，具体表述如下：
①根据安培环路定律：∑H×L＝W×I＝F，其中，H—磁场强度，L—磁路长度，W—线圈匝数，I—线圈电流，F—磁动势；
②在电机磁场闭合回路中,主要经过铁磁物质和电机气隙形成闭合,故电机安培环路定律表示为：H(δ)×L(δ)+H(铁磁)×L(铁磁)＝W×I＝F，由于铁磁物质中，H(铁磁)很小可以约等于零，故H(δ)×L(δ)＝W×I＝F；
③磁感应强度B与磁场强度H的关系为：B＝μ×H，其中，μ—相对导磁率；
④故F＝WI＝B(δ)×L(δ)/μ0，其中，μ0—空气相对导磁率；
⑤电机气隙磁感应强度可以表示为：B(δ)＝F×μ0/L(δ)＝F×Λ(δ)，其中，Λ(δ)—电机气隙磁导，气隙越小，磁导越大；
⑥磁动势F在电机气隙中空间分布为矩形波，根据傅里叶级数可以表示为：
F(α)＝(2/π)×F×[sin(Pm×α)+(1/3)×sin(3×Pm×α)+…+(1/n)×sin(n×Pm×α)]，其中，n＝1，2，3...，α—表示沿着气隙圆周方向的机械空间角度，可见，磁动势的基波幅值最大，基波磁动势表达式为：
F1(α)＝(2/π)×F×sin(Pm×α)＝(2×WI/π)×sin(Pm×α)
⑦电机气隙齿磁导Λδ在空间分布近似矩形波，根据傅里叶级数可以表示为：
Λδ(α)＝Λ0+Λ1×cos(Z×α)+Λ2×cos(2×Z×α)+…+Λn×cos(n×Z×α)，其中，n＝1，2，3...，基波磁导幅值最大，其表达式为：Λδ1(α)＝Λ0+Λ1×cos(Z×α)；
⑧定子绕组基波磁动势在定子齿磁导的调制下,在电机气隙中沿空间分布产生的磁感应强度表达式：B(α)＝F×Λ(δ)＝(2×WI/π)×sin(Pm×α)×[Λ0+Λ1×cos(Z×α)]＝Bm0×sin(Ps×α)+Bm1×sin(Pm×α)×cos(Z×α)，其中，Bm0＝2×WI×Λ0/π，Bm1＝2×WI×Λ1/π，利用三角公式定理：sin(a)×cos(b)＝[sin(a+b)+sin(a-b)]/2，将上述公式进行变化，得出：
B(α)＝Bm0×sin(Pm×α)+(Bm1/2)×sin[(Z+Pm)×α]+(Bm1/2)×sin[(Z-Pm)×α]
由上式可见，由定子相绕组通电产生的基波磁动势可以在电机气隙中产生以下三种磁场：
a.极对数为Pm的基波磁动势磁场，该磁场性质相当于定子没有开槽而形成的磁场；
b.极对数为(Z+Pm)的齿谐波磁导磁场，该磁场性质是相当于基波磁动势被定子齿槽调制后形成的磁场；
c.极对数为(Z-Pm)的齿谐波磁导磁场，该磁场性质是相当于基波磁动势被定子齿槽调制后形成的磁场；
⑨谐波磁场驱动电机的转子磁极对数Pr选择：
a.根据电机运行基本原理，只有转子磁极对数和定子线圈形成的磁极对数相等时，电机才会输出稳定的电磁力矩；
b.根据上述原理，谐波磁场驱动电机的转子磁极对数Pr必须满足：Z+Pm＝Pr或Z-Pm＝Pr。
B.谐波磁场驱动电机定子槽数Z的选择：Z＝m×k，具体表述如下：
每个线包有2个元件边，每个定子槽为双层绕组，采用上下层或左右两侧放置2个元件边,这样就意味着定子槽数等于线包总数。
每相绕组包含k个线包，电机分为m相，则电机定子槽数Z需满足：Z＝m×k，采用的双层绕组。
C.谐波磁场驱动电机每相线包个数k和每相线包形成磁极对数Pm的关系：k＝n×Pm，其中，n＝1，2，3…，具体表述如下：
从电磁场原理可知，1个线包只能形成1对极磁场，所以线包个数k≥线包磁极极对数Pm。在电机气隙圆周360°机械空间上，考虑到气隙磁场幅值对称的原则：形成1对极的线包个数可以是1,2,3,…；形成2对极的线包个数可以是2,4,6,…；形成3对极的线包个数可以是3,6,9,…；形成Pm对极的线包个数为：k＝n×Pm，其中n＝1，2，3…。
根据原理条件，当采用三相(m＝3)绕组结构，谐波磁场驱动电机的定子槽数/转子磁钢极对数/每相线包数组合如下表：
Figure PCTCN2022117668-appb-000001
谐波磁场驱动电机的控制方式：适用于BLDC控制方式和PMSM控制方式，其中BLDC为方波电压(电流)驱动方式，PMSM为正弦波电压(电流)驱动方式。
谐波磁场驱动电机提升功率体积密度的原理：
A.永磁电机的基本评价指标：电机作为旋转机械装置，不可避免的会产生振动噪音，而电机齿槽力矩脉动是引起电机振动噪音的重要根源，故电机在追求功率体积密度(瓦/每升)到极致的同时，也必须同时降低齿槽力矩脉动，保证电机振动噪音在合理范围内，这样提升功率体积密度才有实际意义；
B.提升永磁电机功率体积密度的主要手段：a.优化电机磁路：提升效果有限；b.选用磁能积更高的永磁材料：造成制造成本明显上升；c.减少电机定子和转子间的气隙值：基本上气隙磁场幅值与气隙值成反比，故提升效果明显；
C.减少电机气隙值对电机齿槽力矩脉动的负面影响：齿槽力矩幅值与气隙磁场幅值的平方成正比，故缩小电机气隙值会使得电机齿槽力矩脉动显著增加，导致电机振动噪音也显著增加；
D.降低电机齿槽力矩脉动幅值的有效方法：
a.在维持固定的电机气隙值条件下,理论研究表明，降低电机齿槽力矩脉动的有效方法是增大电机齿槽力矩波动周期数(转子旋转一周齿槽力矩波动的周期个数)，其中，波动周期数等于定子槽数和转子极数的最小公倍数；
b.谐波磁场驱动电机和传统电机在相同定子槽数条件下的波动周期数对比如下表：
Figure PCTCN2022117668-appb-000002
从上表对比结果可以看出，在定子槽数相同的情况下，谐波磁场驱动电机与传统永磁电机相比，谐波磁场驱动电机的齿槽力矩波动周期数增加趋势明显。
更好地，所述转子叠片设置内弧面、燕尾槽左斜面和燕尾槽右斜面分别与磁钢设置的外弧面、左斜面和右斜面配合进行磁钢径向和圆周方向定位，提高磁钢定位精度以保证谐波磁场驱动电机运行平稳性。
更好地，所述定子组件的电机轴上设置径向孔和轴向孔，以方便线束穿过径向孔和从轴向孔通过，实现线束的引出。
更好地，所述定子组件上设置弹性固定卡和定位柱，能提高控制模块定位精度并使其固定更加牢固可靠。
还可以，所述转子组件的磁钢与机壳设计为表贴方式连接，不采用转子叠片及燕尾槽结构进行定位，磁钢粘接过程采用辅助工装进行定位，能起到对磁钢等同的定位效果也是可行的。
还可以，所述磁钢考虑加工过程的方便性，将一根磁钢分成多段结构，不会影响本专利谐波磁场驱动电机的性能和效果。
还可以，所述谐波磁场驱动电机根据不用的用途，设计为外定子内转子结构，同样能达到与本专利实施例外转子内定子结构等同的性能和效果。
还可以，所述谐波磁场驱动电机设计为外定子内转子结构，所述转子组件的磁钢粘接方式可采用表贴方式或表埋方式，同样能达到等同的性能和效果。
还可以，所述谐波磁场驱动电机设计为外定子内转子结构，采用PMSM控制方式，所述转子组件的磁钢可以用内埋方式，同样能达到等同的性能和效果。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：谐波磁场驱动电机通过设定的定子槽数和转子磁钢极数的组合,大幅提升齿槽力矩波动周期数，可以在缩小谐波磁场驱动电机气隙值的同时,维持或降低谐波磁场驱动电机的齿槽力矩波动幅值，通过设定的定子绕线方式,使得定子产生的谐波磁场极对数等于转子磁钢的极对数，形成稳定的电磁力矩输出，采用较小的谐波磁场驱动电机气隙设计,大幅提升气隙磁场强度，使谐波磁场驱动电机输出功率正比例提升，谐波磁场驱动电机的功率体积密度也同步正比例提升。与传统电机相比较,在输出功率相同的条件下,谐波磁场驱动电机体积减少了一倍以上，意味着谐波磁场驱动电机重量也减少一倍以上，能明显节省电机材料的使用成本，尤其是稀土永磁材料的成本，极大地提升了产品市场竞争优势。该谐波磁场驱动电机结构，可匹配传统的BLDC和PMSM电机控制模块，控制方面具有较强的通用性。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例谐波磁场驱动电机的立体图。
图2是本发明实施例谐波磁场驱动电机的分解示意图。
图3是本发明实施例谐波磁场驱动电机的结构示意图。
图4a是图3中A-A剖面图的局部视图。
图4b是图3中B-B剖面图的局部视图。
图5a是图4a中F的局部放大图。
图5b是图4b中P的局部放大图。
图6是本发明实施例转子组件的分解示意图。
图7是图6中W的局部旋转放大图。
图8是本发明实施例磁钢的立体图。
图9是本发明实施例定子组件的分解示意图。
图10是本发明实施例电机轴的剖视图。
图11是本发明另一实施例谐波磁场驱动电机转子在外的结构示意图。
图12是本发明又一实施例谐波磁场驱动电机转子在内的结构示意图。
图13是本发明再一实施例谐波磁场驱动电机转子在内的结构示意图。
图14是本发明再一实施例谐波磁场驱动电机转子在内的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
如图1、2所示，一种谐波磁场驱动电机，其包括转子组件1、定子组件2、控制模块3和线束4。谐波磁场驱动电机通电工作时通过转子组件1的旋转进行扭矩的输出，实现电能转换为机械能。
如图3至图10所示，所述转子组件1由机壳11、转子叠片12和磁钢13组成。
所述转子叠片12通过粘接剂粘接于机壳11内圆面。
所述转子叠片12在内圆上均匀设置20片磁钢(10对极)。
上述转子叠片12设置内弧面1201、燕尾槽左斜面1202和燕尾槽右斜面1203分别与磁钢13设置的外弧面1301、左斜面1302和右斜面1303配合进行磁钢13径向和圆周方向定位，并通过粘接剂按N极和S极交替排列分布粘接于转子叠片12的燕尾槽内，以提高谐波磁场驱动电机运行平稳性。
所述定子组件2的叠片在外圆上均匀设置15个齿槽，每相线包极对数为5,每相线包数为5。
所述每个线包有2个元件边，每个定子槽设计采用双层绕组，采用上下层或左右两 侧放置2个元件边,定子槽数等于线包总数。
所述定子组件2的叠片外圆与转子组件1的磁钢13形成谐波磁场驱动电机气隙L。
所述线束4与所述控制模块3通过焊接连接。
所述定子组件2设置弹性固定卡212和定位柱213对控制模块3进行定位和固定，使控制模块3的固定更加牢固可靠。
所述定子组件2的电机轴211上设置径向孔2111和轴向孔2112，以方便线束4穿过径向孔2111和从轴向孔2112通过，实现线束4的引出。
所述定子组件2设置的柱形轴承23、28固定于所述转子组件1的机壳11内，并对转子组件1起支撑和定位作用，谐波磁场驱动电机通电工作时转子组件可进行圆周方向旋转。
所述定子组件2设置止位环25、26分别对柱形轴承23、28进行固定，以实现对转子组件1进行轴向限位，设置的耐磨垫片24、27起到减小摩擦力的作用。
如图11所示，所述转子组件的磁钢N、S与机壳111设计为表贴方式连接，不采用转子叠片的燕尾槽定位，能起到对磁钢等同的定位效果。
如图12和图13所示，所述谐波磁场驱动电机设计为外定子内转子结构，所述转子组件的磁钢N、S粘接方式采用表贴方式或表埋方式连接到转子叠片222上，能达到等同的性能和效果。
如图14所示，所述谐波磁场驱动电机设计为外定子内转子结构，采用PMSM控制方式，所述转子组件的磁钢N、S可以用内埋方式，同样能达到等同的性能和效果。

Claims (2)

  1. 一种谐波磁场驱动电机，其包括：
    A、定子叠片上设置若干个齿槽，槽数为Z；
    B、在定子圆周360°机械空间上，定子绕组按照设定的连接规律分为m相；
    C、带绕组的定子组件单独置于自由空间，任意一相绕组通以直流恒定电流，在定子圆周360°机械空间上，形成的相绕组磁场极对数为Pm；
    D、每相绕组包含的线包个数为k＝n×Pm,n＝1，2，3…；
    E、转子磁钢在圆周方向上按照N极和S极顺序进行依次排列，沿着转子圆周360°机械空间上，形成的转子磁钢极对数为Pr；
    F、在定子和转子圆周360°机械空间上，组合的空间内形成电机气隙；
    其特征在于，所述谐波磁场驱动电机转子磁钢极对数Pr必须满足：Pr＝Z±Pm；其中谐波磁场驱动电机定子槽数Z：Z＝m×k，采用双层绕组。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的谐波磁场驱动电机，其特征在于：所述定子叠片槽数Z＝15，转子磁钢极对数Pr＝10，每相线包极对数Pm＝5,每相线包数k＝5。
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