WO2023166442A1 - Electromagnetic motor having surface magnets - Google Patents

Electromagnetic motor having surface magnets Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023166442A1
WO2023166442A1 PCT/IB2023/051905 IB2023051905W WO2023166442A1 WO 2023166442 A1 WO2023166442 A1 WO 2023166442A1 IB 2023051905 W IB2023051905 W IB 2023051905W WO 2023166442 A1 WO2023166442 A1 WO 2023166442A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
motor
rotor
magnets
magnet
rotors
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2023/051905
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Romain RAVAUD
Simon MOREL
Original Assignee
Whylot
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Whylot filed Critical Whylot
Publication of WO2023166442A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023166442A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • H02K16/02—Machines with one stator and two or more rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
    • H02K1/146—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of a generally annular yoke with salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
    • H02K1/146—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of a generally annular yoke with salient poles
    • H02K1/148—Sectional cores
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/278—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2786—Outer rotors
    • H02K1/2787—Outer rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/2789—Outer rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2791—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromagnetic motor for driving a member enveloping it at least partially, in particular by integrating it into its interior, or by being attached to the motor, this motor having surface magnets.
  • the motor can be housed in a wheel of a vehicle for the propulsion of said vehicle, thus forming what is called a wheel motor.
  • a wheel motor In the case of a vehicle provided with several wheels, such a motor can be installed in each wheel of the vehicle.
  • Such a drive motor for a member is intended in particular for low-speed and high-torque applications in a restricted bulk of substantially discoid shape.
  • an electromagnetic motor comprising a rotor carrying permanent magnets and a stator carrying windings, the stator and the rotor defining an air gap between them.
  • Such a motor with a single air gap although of reduced size which is favorable to its installation in a member to be driven, has the great disadvantage of not delivering a high torque.
  • Document FR 2 881 290 Al describes an electric wheel or wheel motor comprising a motor incorporated in a wheel for driving it.
  • the motor includes a stator and a rotor connected to a torque transmission system to transmit torque to the wheel.
  • the rotor has two rotors or field generators each delimiting with the stator an air gap, each rotor comprising magnets with poles magnetized in a direction radial with respect to an axis of rotation of the motor and magnetized yoke magnets each of which is placed between two magnets with adjacent poles to reinforce the magnetic field formed by the pole magnets.
  • Documents CN 113 612 362 A and EP 1 102 385 A2 describe an electromagnetic motor comprising an internal rotor and an external rotor concentric with respect to a central axis of rotation, the rotors inserting between them a stator with an air gap between the stator and each rotor.
  • Each rotor is provided with a magnetic circuit for the circulation of magnetic flux facing a respective air gap and carrying surface magnets for the inner and outer rotors, the surface magnets being positioned in or on the associated magnetic circuit
  • the surface magnets are compact magnets, which is disadvantageous for the reduction of eddy currents and for the dissipation of energy created during their use.
  • the surface magnets do not protrude from the magnetic circuit towards the respective air gap, which does not allow them to deliver a maximum magnetic field, the magnetic field delivered by such surface magnets flush with the magnetic circuit being similar to the magnetic field delivered by buried magnets.
  • JP 2016093052 A discloses an electric motor with first and second rotors.
  • the first and second rotors have a first magnet which applies an electromagnetic force independent of the magnetic field without forming a magnetic circuit.
  • No magnet described in this document is a surface magnet positioned to protrude from any magnetic circuit.
  • none of the magnet structures protrudes from a magnetic circuit towards the air gap between stator and rotor, being able to be related to a surface magnet.
  • the problem underlying the present invention is to design an electromagnetic motor intended for driving a member delivering an increased power density while remaining as compact as possible by a significant increase in the magnetic exchange surfaces compared to a motor according to the state of the art.
  • the present invention relates to an electromagnetic motor comprising an internal rotor and an external rotor concentric with respect to a central axis of rotation, the rotors inserting between them a stator with an air gap between the stator and each rotor, each rotor being provided a magnetic circuit for the circulation of magnetic flux facing a respective air gap and carrying surface magnets for the internal rotors and external, the surface magnets being positioned in or on the associated magnetic circuit, characterized in that the surface magnets protrude from the magnetic circuit towards the respective air gap, each surface magnet being segmented in at least two directions into a multitude of at least least fifty pixelated unit magnets.
  • surface magnet in the context of the present invention, it is understood magnets protruding at least partially from the magnetic circuit. These surface magnets can be secured to the magnetic circuit by any means, in particular by bonding without penetrating into the magnetic circuit. In the context of the present invention, these surface magnets can be semi-buried in the magnetic circuit until they only slightly protrude from the magnetic circuit, and therefore not completely buried on all sides by the magnetic circuit.
  • Such a motor makes it possible to achieve a high volume torque in a reduced bulk, by better use of the allocated volume, hence a better power density.
  • the fact of using surface magnets makes it possible to increase the volume of useful magnet necessary for the creation of torque.
  • a solution to still be able to gain in torque is to use this internal volume by switching to a double air gap architecture with a stator and two rotors, which the present invention recommends, this with rotors provided with surface magnets.
  • the unitary magnets are in the form of pads of elongated shape with a circular, cylindrical or polygonal or ovoid section, the pads extending partially in a thickness of the associated rotor.
  • the pixelated unitary magnets are therefore in the form of pads or rods of elongated shape of small section compared to magnets segmented into bars. Their semi-buried portions extend according to the thickness of the rotor.
  • a magnet of large dimensions is subject to greater eddy current losses than its equivalent in small or micro-magnets.
  • the use of small magnets or micro-magnets therefore makes it possible to reduce these losses which are prejudicial to the operation of the rotor.
  • Foucault in magnets have been considerably reduced by proposing ironless rotors or by proposing magnet poles made up of a plurality of small unit magnets.
  • the ideal shape of this pad is an ellipsoid of symmetrical revolution also called an ovoid shape, approximately a flattened sphere, which by its topology is difficult to demagnetize because its magnetic field relative to the magnetization is formless. There is no rotating field at the corners.
  • the ovoid shape of the unitary magnet can be more or less perfect by having an end portion of convex rounded shape at one longitudinal end or at both longitudinal ends.
  • a relatively perfect ovoid shape with two longitudinal ends of convex shape is optimal but difficult to obtain by machining. On the other hand, it is the ideal shape to combat demagnetization of the unitary magnet.
  • a unitary magnet based on a polyfaceted structure with a first so-called body portion with longitudinal facets and at least one end portion with inclined facets whose angles are between 0 and 45° can also be envisaged by making it possible to increase the magnetic field relative to the magnetization while preserving significant active faces at the ends of the unit magnets under form of studs.
  • many other shapes approaching more or less an ovoid shape are also possible.
  • a number of magnet poles on the inner rotor is equal to a number of magnet poles on the outer rotor.
  • each surface magnet carried by the inner rotor is directly opposite a surface magnet of the same polarity carried by the outer rotor. This allows synchronous operation of the motor and helps maximize the magnetic flux.
  • each surface magnet carried by the inner rotor is offset in electrical degree by 1 to 30° relative to a surface magnet of the same polarity carried by the outer rotor.
  • the stator comprises an armature core carrying teeth having flanges at each of their longitudinal ends oriented towards a rotor respective, two adjacent teeth leaving between them a notch for a winding, the notch being narrowed by the flanges of the two adjacent teeth at each of their longitudinal ends.
  • the motor comprises at least one hoop circumferentially covering the magnets of the internal rotor.
  • the masses of the magnets of the inner and outer rotors are respectively selected relative to each other so that the inner and outer rotors reach an equivalent level of induction.
  • An equivalent level of induction is a necessary condition for the correct dimensioning of the magnetic circuit of a motor in general.
  • the motor is radial flux, the outer and inner rotors being respectively in the form of a ring perpendicular to the axis of rotation, each ring being extended by a cylindrical portion connected to the outer edge of the ring and extending to distance along the axis of rotation.
  • the rotors are mechanically linked relative to each other by a connecting piece relative to the plane orthogonal to the axis of rotation.
  • the invention also relates to a member driven by such a motor, the member being disposed outside the motor by enveloping it at least partially or by being backed against the motor.
  • the member is a wheel driven in rotation by said motor, the wheel housing the motor in its interior.
  • the invention finally relates to a means of transport comprising at least one such member in the form of a wheel driven in rotation by said motor, the means of transport having means for suspending the wheel while leaving the wheel free to rotate.
  • FIG 1 shows a radial sectional view of a portion of an electromagnetic motor with a stator interposed between two rotors carrying surface magnets according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG 2 shows a perspective view of the inner and outer rotors carrying surface magnets according to one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG 3 represents a curve of total magnetic torque delivered by an electromagnetic motor according to the present invention
  • FIG 4 represents a surface magnet segmented into several longitudinal strips each forming a unitary magnet, such surface magnets being able to be carried by each rotor of an electromagnetic motor according to the present invention
  • FIG 5 represents a surface magnet segmented into several lateral bars each forming a unitary magnet, such surface magnets being able to be carried by each rotor of an electromagnetic motor according to the present invention
  • FIG 6 represents a surface magnet pixelated into several small unitary magnets in the form of pads of square section, such surface magnets being able to be carried by each rotor of an electromagnetic motor according to the present invention
  • FIG 7 represents a surface magnet pixelated into several small unitary magnets in the form of studs of hexagonal section, such surface magnets being able to be carried by each rotor of an electromagnetic motor according to the present invention
  • FIG 8 represents a view in section of a wheel rim comprising an electromagnetic motor according to the present invention
  • FIG 9 represents a bottom view of a means of transport comprising four wheels, each of the wheels being equipped with an electromagnetic motor according to the present invention.
  • the invention relates to a drive motor 1 which is intended to be associated with a member 15 to be driven by being housed at least partially in the member 15 or by being leaned against the member 15.
  • the motor 1 comprises an internal rotor 2 and an external rotor 2a concentric with respect to a central axis of rotation 3, the rotors 2, 2a inserting between them a stator 10 with an air gap 14, 14a between the stator 10 and each rotor 2, 2a.
  • Each rotor 2, 2a is provided with a magnetic circuit 8 for the circulation of magnetic flux facing a respective air gap 14, 14a and carrying magnets 6.
  • the magnets 6 are surface magnets positioned in or on the associated magnetic circuit 8 flush with the magnetic circuit 8 towards the respective air gap 14, 14a.
  • magnet 6 is positioned on magnetic circuit 8 of the associated rotor without the presence of a housing to receive it, therefore glued to magnetic circuit 8.
  • a second type of surface magnet includes magnets 6 partially inserted into a housing but projecting at least slightly from their housing, these magnets being qualified as semi-buried magnets.
  • a surface magnet 6 of the first or of the second type are an optimal use of the magnet 6 for the creation of torque at the internal and external rotors 2, 2a and a limitation of the inter-magnet leakage flux.
  • the magnets 6 of the same polarity can be positioned face to face.
  • a number of magnet poles 6 on the inner rotor 2 can be equal to a number of magnet poles 6 on the outer rotor 2a. In this configuration, the field lines therefore cross the two rotors 2, 2a.
  • the advantage of this solution is to avoid adding looping of the field lines in the notches 12 of the stator 10 containing the winding, which would reduce the space available for the windings of the winding.
  • the internal and external rotors 2, 2a of the motor 1 operate in a mutually dependent manner, which reduces the degrees of freedom during the design.
  • the addition of an angle between the two rotors 2, 2a may be of interest in reducing the torque ripple or using a resultant torque.
  • each surface magnet 6 carried by the internal rotor 2 can be offset in electrical degree by 1 to 30° with respect to a surface magnet 6 of the same polarity carried by the external rotor 2a.
  • Masses of the magnets 6 of the inner and outer rotors 2, 2a can be respectively selected relative to each other so that the inner and outer rotors 2, 2a reach an equivalent level of induction.
  • the stator 10 may be devoid of a yoke and be made up of teeth 11 which may have flanges 13, also called isthmuses, at each of the longitudinal ends of the teeth 11.
  • the teeth 11 can be carried by an armature core, a notch 12 being interposed between two adjacent teeth 11 to receive a winding.
  • each of the rotors 2, 2a The looping of the flux then takes place in a magnetic circuit 8 present in each of the rotors 2, 2a.
  • the depth of notch 12 can be substantially increased compared to a structure with a single air gap, in order to increase the number of turns.
  • Each notch 12 left between two adjacent teeth 11 can be narrowed laterally by the flanges 13 of the two teeth 11 adjacent to each of their longitudinal ends.
  • the motor 1 can have 28 pairs of poles and 84 slots.
  • the external rotor 2a participates in the creation of the total torque in a proportion of about two thirds when the internal rotor 2 only participates in one third.
  • the difference in radius between the two rotors 2, 2a has a direct impact on the torque but also on the quantity of magnets if one wants to keep a similar thickness. From the magnetic point of view, inductions of the order of 2.1 Tesla are reached in a tooth 11, which is at the limit. A close level of induction between the inner and outer rotors 2, 2a may be desired in order to have an optimum power density.
  • Figure 3 shows the total electromagnetic torque referenced C mag t and measured in Newton, meter or N/m as a function of time.
  • C mag t the total electromagnetic torque referenced C mag t and measured in Newton, meter or N/m as a function of time.
  • the current density can reach 18 A/mm 2 . While it is possible to achieve this current density at peaks with water cooling, continuous operation may require the provision of oil cooling.
  • the justification for cooling will also depend on the thermal time constant of motor 1 and the actual temperature rise in the windings of the windings during the operating time.
  • Such a motor 1 can have a mass of the active parts estimated at almost 70 kg, which implies a relatively low power density despite the high torque.
  • the double-rotor architecture of motor 1 according to the present invention has made it possible, with the help of an increase in the current density, to increase the value of the torque.
  • the magnets 6 can be segmented or pixelated.
  • the high compactness of the motors 1 makes the extraction of losses a real challenge, beyond performance considerations.
  • the most difficult to evacuate are those present at each rotor 2, 2a, linked to the rotary movement thereof. I t is thus optionally sought to reduce one of the main loss items in the motor 1 linked to the magnets 6 .
  • a first solution amounts to segmenting the magnets 6 into multiple strips 7 . These strips 7 are spaced from each other by the presence of an electrically insulating material, for example a non-conductive varnish. This method makes it possible to drastically reduce the formation of circulating currents without deteriorating the magnetic performance too much.
  • Strips 7 extending longitudinally in the magnet 6 forming unitary magnets 7 are shown in FIG. 4, while FIG. 5 shows strips 7 extending in the lateral direction of the magnet. These strips 7 can advantageously be parallelepipedic in shape.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 it is visible that a large magnet intended to become a surface magnet 6 can be cut into more than five unitary magnets 7 for longitudinal strips and into more than twenty unitary magnets 7 for lateral strips.
  • the magnets 6 will be segmented in two directions by following rules similar to that of the tiling of the regular plane in the plane orthogonal to the direction of the flux or to the direction of polarization of the magnets 6.
  • the conventional patterns used for pixelation can be square, rectangular, cylindrical or polygonal, in particular hexagonal or ovoid.
  • the unitary magnets 7 in this configuration can be in the form of studs or elongated rods.
  • the unitary magnets 7 can extend in length in the thickness of a large magnet or of a magnet structure formed by a grouping of the unitary magnets 7 secured to each other.
  • a large magnet intended to become a surface magnet 6 can be cut into a multitude of unitary magnets 7 much smaller than strips.
  • unitary magnets 7 In FIGS. 6 and 7, more than fifty unitary magnets 7 are shown forming part of the same surface magnet 6.
  • the surface magnets 6 can be cut by laser.
  • a layer of insulating and adhesive varnish or an insulating composite resin can be inserted between the unit magnets 7.
  • a heel which brings together all the unitary magnets 7 together.
  • Such a heel can have a zigzag shape, that is to say be non-planar extending over several successive planes, which has proven to reduce the eddy currents created by a similar but flat heel.
  • the motor 1 can comprise at least one hoop circumferentially covering the magnets 6 of the internal rotor 2.
  • the external rotor 2a it is the casing of the motor 1 which can serve as hoop but it is also possible to provide a hoop for the outer rotor 2a.
  • the electromagnetic motor 1 according to the present invention can be radial flux.
  • the present invention is not limited to a radial flux motor.
  • the outer and inner rotors 2, 2a can respectively be in the form of a ring 9 perpendicular to the axis of rotation 3, each ring 9 being extended by a cylindrical portion 9a connected to the outer edge of the ring 9 and extending at a distance along the axis of rotation 3.
  • the references relate to the crown 9 and the cylindrical portion 9a of the outer rotor 2a but the inner rotor 2 has the same configuration.
  • the rotors 2, 2a can be mechanically linked to each other by a link piece. This part can be offset with respect to the plane orthogonal to the axis of rotation 3.
  • the invention also relates to a member 15 driven by an electromagnetic motor 1 as previously described.
  • a connecting piece provides torque transmission between the electromagnetic motor 1 and the driven member 15 .
  • the driven member 15 is in this figure 8 a wheel rim 15.
  • the member 15 can be arranged outside the motor 1 by enveloping it at least partially, which is the case for a wheel motor for which the motor 1 is fully or mostly integrated into the wheel.
  • the member 15 can be attached to the electromagnetic motor 1 by being secured to one of the sides of the motor 1 .
  • the wheel motor can form part of a means of transport 17 by being associated with one or more other wheel motors, the transport means 17 having a wheel motor suspension means leaving it free to rotate.
  • the means of transport 17 can comprise a battery 21, advantageously high voltage, supplying the wheel motor or motors, the wheel motor also being able to serve as a generator for recharging the battery 21 .
  • a battery 21 advantageously high voltage, supplying the wheel motor or motors, the wheel motor also being able to serve as a generator for recharging the battery 21 .
  • This is valid for an electromagnetic motor 1 according to the present invention which can also serve as a generator.
  • the electromagnetic motor(s) 1 present in the wheel(s) 16 can be controlled by an electronic unit 18 for controlling the means of transport.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an electromagnetic motor (1) comprising an inner rotor (2) and an outer rotor (2a) which are concentric to a central axis of rotation (3), wherein the rotors (2, 2a) interpose between them a stator (10) with an air gap (14, 14a) between the stator (10) and each rotor (2, 2a). Each rotor (2, 2a) is provided with a magnetic circuit (8) for circulating magnetic flux opposite a respective air gap (14, 14a) and carries magnets (6). For the inner and outer rotors (2, 2a), the magnets are surface magnets (6) positioned in or on the associated magnetic circuit (8) flush with the magnetic circuit (8) towards the respective air gap (14, 14a).

Description

DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION
Titre : Moteur électromagnétique à aimants surfaciques Title: Electromagnetic motor with surface magnets
L' invention concerne un moteur électromagnétique d' entraînement d' un organe l ' enveloppant au moins partiellement , notamment en l ' intégrant en son intérieur, ou en étant adossé au moteur, ce moteur étant à aimants surfaciques . The invention relates to an electromagnetic motor for driving a member enveloping it at least partially, in particular by integrating it into its interior, or by being attached to the motor, this motor having surface magnets.
Dans un mode de réalisation non limitati f de la présente invention, le moteur peut être logé dans une roue d' un véhicule pour la propulsion dudit véhicule en formant ainsi ce qui est dénommé un moteur roue . Dans le cas d' un véhicule muni de plusieurs roues , un tel moteur peut être implanté dans chaque roue du véhicule . In a non-limitative embodiment of the present invention, the motor can be housed in a wheel of a vehicle for the propulsion of said vehicle, thus forming what is called a wheel motor. In the case of a vehicle provided with several wheels, such a motor can be installed in each wheel of the vehicle.
Un tel moteur d' entraînement d' un organe s ' adresse notamment à des applications à faible vitesse et fort couple dans un encombrement restreint de forme sensiblement discoïde . Such a drive motor for a member is intended in particular for low-speed and high-torque applications in a restricted bulk of substantially discoid shape.
Pour ce faire , il est connu d' utiliser un moteur électromagnétique comprenant un rotor portant des aimants permanents et un stator portant des bobinages , le stator et le rotor délimitant entre eux un entrefer . To do this, it is known to use an electromagnetic motor comprising a rotor carrying permanent magnets and a stator carrying windings, the stator and the rotor defining an air gap between them.
Un tel moteur à un seul entrefer bien que d' un encombrement réduit qui est favorable à son implantation dans un organe à entraîner présente le grand désavantage de ne pas délivrer un fort couple . Such a motor with a single air gap, although of reduced size which is favorable to its installation in a member to be driven, has the great disadvantage of not delivering a high torque.
Le document FR 2 881 290 Al décrit une roue électrique ou moteur roue comprenant un moteur incorporé dans une roue pour son entraînement . Le moteur comprend un stator et un rotor relié à un système de transmission de couple afin de transmettre un couple à la roue . Document FR 2 881 290 Al describes an electric wheel or wheel motor comprising a motor incorporated in a wheel for driving it. The motor includes a stator and a rotor connected to a torque transmission system to transmit torque to the wheel.
Dans une forme de réalisation, le rotor présente deux rotors ou générateurs de champ délimitant chacun avec le stator un entrefer, chaque rotor comprenant des aimants à pôles magnétisés dans une direction radiale par rapport à un axe de rotation du moteur et des aimants de culasse magnétisés dont chacun est placé entre deux aimants à pôles adj acents pour renforcer le champ magnétique formé par les aimants à pôles . In one embodiment, the rotor has two rotors or field generators each delimiting with the stator an air gap, each rotor comprising magnets with poles magnetized in a direction radial with respect to an axis of rotation of the motor and magnetized yoke magnets each of which is placed between two magnets with adjacent poles to reinforce the magnetic field formed by the pole magnets.
La présence d' aimants de culasse diminue cependant la place allouée aux aimants à pôles dans l ' encombrement nécessairement réduit du moteur . The presence of cylinder head magnets, however, reduces the space allocated to the pole magnets in the necessarily reduced overall dimensions of the motor.
Les documents CN 113 612 362 A et EP 1 102 385 A2 décrivent un moteur électromagnétique comprenant un rotor interne et un rotor externe concentriques par rapport à un axe de rotation central , les rotors intercalant entre eux un stator avec un entrefer entre le stator et chaque rotor . Documents CN 113 612 362 A and EP 1 102 385 A2 describe an electromagnetic motor comprising an internal rotor and an external rotor concentric with respect to a central axis of rotation, the rotors inserting between them a stator with an air gap between the stator and each rotor.
Chaque rotor est muni d' un circuit magnétique de circulation de flux magnétique en vis-à-vis d' un entrefer respecti f et portant des aimants surfaciques pour les rotors interne et externe , les aimants surfaciques étant positionnés dans ou sur le circuit magnétique associé Dans ces documents , premièrement les aimants surfaciques sont des aimants compacts , ce qui est désavantageux pour la réduction des courants de Foucault et pour la dissipation d' énergie créée lors de leur utilisation . Deuxièmement , les aimants surfaciques ne dépassent pas du circuit magnétique vers l ' entrefer respecti f , ce qui ne leur permet pas de délivrer un champ magnétique maximal , le champ magnétique délivré par de tels aimants surfaciques af fleurant du circuit magnétique étant similaire au champ magnétique délivré par des aimants enterrés . Each rotor is provided with a magnetic circuit for the circulation of magnetic flux facing a respective air gap and carrying surface magnets for the inner and outer rotors, the surface magnets being positioned in or on the associated magnetic circuit In these documents, firstly the surface magnets are compact magnets, which is disadvantageous for the reduction of eddy currents and for the dissipation of energy created during their use. Secondly, the surface magnets do not protrude from the magnetic circuit towards the respective air gap, which does not allow them to deliver a maximum magnetic field, the magnetic field delivered by such surface magnets flush with the magnetic circuit being similar to the magnetic field delivered by buried magnets.
Le document JP 2016093052 A divulgue un moteur électrique avec un premier et un second rotors . Les premier et second rotors comportent un premier aimant qui applique une force électromagnétique indépendante du champ magnétique sans former de circuit magnétique . JP 2016093052 A discloses an electric motor with first and second rotors. The first and second rotors have a first magnet which applies an electromagnetic force independent of the magnetic field without forming a magnetic circuit.
Aucun aimant décrit dans ce document n' est un aimant surfacique positionné pour dépasser d' un quelconque circuit magnétique . No magnet described in this document is a surface magnet positioned to protrude from any magnetic circuit.
Le document US 11 128 186 B2 , appartenant à la demanderesse , montre un moteur ou une génératrice électromagnétique comportant au moins un rotor et au moins un stator . Le ou chaque rotor comprend des aimants permanents en tournant autour d' un arbre médian sous forme de structures d' aimant formant des pôles d' aimant , chaque structure d' aimant étant composée d' une pluralité d' aimants unitaires pixelisés . Document US Pat. No. 11,128,186 B2, belonging to the applicant, shows an electromagnetic motor or generator comprising at least one rotor and at least one stator. The or each rotor comprises permanent magnets rotating around a central shaft in the form of magnet structures forming magnet poles, each magnet structure being composed of a plurality of pixelated unit magnets.
Dans ce document , aucune des structures d' aimant ne dépasse d' un circuit magnétique vers l ' entrefer entre stator et rotor en pouvant s ' apparenter à un aimant surfacique . In this document, none of the magnet structures protrudes from a magnetic circuit towards the air gap between stator and rotor, being able to be related to a surface magnet.
Le problème à la base de la présente invention est de concevoir un moteur électromagnétique destiné à l ' entraînement d' un organe délivrant une puissance volumique augmenté tout en restant le plus compact possible par une augmentation signi ficative des surfaces d' échanges magnétiques par rapport à un moteur selon l ' état de la technique . The problem underlying the present invention is to design an electromagnetic motor intended for driving a member delivering an increased power density while remaining as compact as possible by a significant increase in the magnetic exchange surfaces compared to a motor according to the state of the art.
A cet ef fet la présente invention concerne un moteur électromagnétique comprenant un rotor interne et un rotor externe concentriques par rapport à un axe de rotation central , les rotors intercalant entre eux un stator avec un entrefer entre le stator et chaque rotor, chaque rotor étant muni d' un circuit magnétique de circulation de flux magnétique en vis-à-vis d' un entrefer respecti f et portant des aimants surfaciques pour les rotors interne et externe , les aimants surfaciques étant positionnés dans ou sur le circuit magnétique associé , caractérisé en ce que les aimants surfaciques dépassent du circuit magnétique vers l ' entrefer respecti f , chaque aimant surfacique étant segmenté dans au moins deux directions en une multitude d' au moins cinquante aimants unitaires pixelisés . To this effect, the present invention relates to an electromagnetic motor comprising an internal rotor and an external rotor concentric with respect to a central axis of rotation, the rotors inserting between them a stator with an air gap between the stator and each rotor, each rotor being provided a magnetic circuit for the circulation of magnetic flux facing a respective air gap and carrying surface magnets for the internal rotors and external, the surface magnets being positioned in or on the associated magnetic circuit, characterized in that the surface magnets protrude from the magnetic circuit towards the respective air gap, each surface magnet being segmented in at least two directions into a multitude of at least least fifty pixelated unit magnets.
Par aimant surfacique dans le cadre de la présente invention, il est entendu des aimants dépassant au moins partiellement du circuit magnétique . Ces aimants surfaciques peuvent être solidarisés avec le circuit magnétique par tout moyen, notamment par collage sans pénétrer dans le circuit magnétique . Dans le cadre de la présente invention, ces aimants surfaciques peuvent être semi-enterrés dans le circuit magnétique j usqu' à ne dépasser que légèrement du circuit magnétique , donc non complètement enterrés de tout côté par le circuit magnétique . By surface magnet in the context of the present invention, it is understood magnets protruding at least partially from the magnetic circuit. These surface magnets can be secured to the magnetic circuit by any means, in particular by bonding without penetrating into the magnetic circuit. In the context of the present invention, these surface magnets can be semi-buried in the magnetic circuit until they only slightly protrude from the magnetic circuit, and therefore not completely buried on all sides by the magnetic circuit.
Un tel moteur permet d' atteindre un couple volumique élevé dans un encombrement réduit , par une meilleure utilisation du volume alloué d' où une meilleure puissance volumique . Le fait d' utiliser des aimants surfaciques permet d' augmenter le volume d' aimant utile nécessaire à la création de couple . Such a motor makes it possible to achieve a high volume torque in a reduced bulk, by better use of the allocated volume, hence a better power density. The fact of using surface magnets makes it possible to increase the volume of useful magnet necessary for the creation of torque.
Afin d' obtenir un couple volumique élevé , on se permet d' atteindre des densités de courant comprises entre 15 et 20 A/mm2 . Un tel moteur permet aussi d' atteindre une valeur d' entrefer faible, vers 0 , 8 millimètres ou moins . Lorsqu' un moteur présente un nombre de paires de pôles élevé , son architecture présente généralement un diamètre d' alésage interne élevé , conséquence d' un diamètre d' entrefer élevé propice à la création de couple . Ce constat est valable que le moteur soit à rotor interne ou externe . In order to obtain a high volume torque, it is possible to achieve current densities of between 15 and 20 A/mm 2 . Such a motor also makes it possible to achieve a low air gap value, around 0.8 millimeters or less. When a motor has a high number of pole pairs, its architecture generally has a large internal bore diameter, a consequence of a large air gap diameter conducive to the creation of torque. This observation is valid whether the motor has an internal or external rotor.
Une solution pour pouvoir encore gagner en couple est d' utiliser ce volume interne en passant à une architecture à double entrefers avec un stator et deux rotors , ce que préconise la présente invention, ceci avec des rotors dotés d' aimants surfaciques . A solution to still be able to gain in torque is to use this internal volume by switching to a double air gap architecture with a stator and two rotors, which the present invention recommends, this with rotors provided with surface magnets.
En permettant d' augmenter la surface d' échange électromagnétique en positionnant , par exemple , à la fois un rotor interne autour d' un axe interne et un rotor externe sur la périphérie , on a l ' équivalent de « deux moteurs en un » . Cela permet de pouvoir augmenter le couple du moteur dans l ' encombrement donné . By making it possible to increase the electromagnetic exchange surface by positioning, for example, both an internal rotor around an internal axis and an external rotor on the periphery, we have the equivalent of “two motors in one”. This makes it possible to be able to increase the torque of the motor in the given space.
Les aimants surfaciques délivrent un champ magnétique plus fort que des aimants enterrés . Surface magnets deliver a stronger magnetic field than buried magnets.
Avantageusement , les aimants unitaires sont sous la forme de plots de forme allongée à section circulaire , cylindrique ou polygonale ou ovoïdes , les plots s ' étendant partiellement dans une épaisseur du rotor associé . Advantageously, the unitary magnets are in the form of pads of elongated shape with a circular, cylindrical or polygonal or ovoid section, the pads extending partially in a thickness of the associated rotor.
Les aimants unitaires pixelisés sont donc sous la forme de plots ou de tiges de forme allongée de faible section comparés à des aimants segmentés en barres . Leurs portions semi-enterrées s ' étendent selon l ' épaisseur du rotor . The pixelated unitary magnets are therefore in the form of pads or rods of elongated shape of small section compared to magnets segmented into bars. Their semi-buried portions extend according to the thickness of the rotor.
Un aimant de dimensions importantes est suj et à des pertes par courants de Foucault plus importantes que son équivalent en petits ou micro-aimants . L' utilisation de petits aimants ou de micro-aimants permet donc de réduire ces pertes qui sont pré udiciables au fonctionnement du rotor . A magnet of large dimensions is subject to greater eddy current losses than its equivalent in small or micro-magnets. The use of small magnets or micro-magnets therefore makes it possible to reduce these losses which are prejudicial to the operation of the rotor.
De ce fait , dans chaque rotor, les pertes par courant deAs a result, in each rotor, the current losses of
Foucault dans les aimants ont été considérablement réduites en proposant des rotors sans fer ou en proposant des pôles d'aimant constitués d'une pluralité d'aimants unitaires de petite taille. Foucault in magnets have been considerably reduced by proposing ironless rotors or by proposing magnet poles made up of a plurality of small unit magnets.
En considérant un aimant unitaire en tant qu' élément élémentaire sous forme de plot ou de tige, la forme idéale de ce plot est un ellipsoïde de révolution symétrique aussi appelé forme ovoïde, approximativement une sphère aplatie, qui de par sa topologie est difficile à désaimanter car son champ magnétique relatif à l'aimantation est informe. Il n'y a pas de champ tournant dans les coins. By considering a unit magnet as an elementary element in the form of a pad or a rod, the ideal shape of this pad is an ellipsoid of symmetrical revolution also called an ovoid shape, approximately a flattened sphere, which by its topology is difficult to demagnetize because its magnetic field relative to the magnetization is formless. There is no rotating field at the corners.
A partir ce constat, il est avantageux de constituer un maillage d'aimants unitaires qui se rapprochent individuellement le plus possible de l'ellipsoïde de révolution . From this observation, it is advantageous to constitute a mesh of unitary magnets which individually come as close as possible to the ellipsoid of revolution.
Plusieurs modes de réalisation sont possibles et la forme ovoïde de l'aimant unitaire peut être plus ou moins parfaite en présentant une portion d' extrémité de forme arrondie convexe à une extrémité longitudinale ou aux deux extrémités longitudinales. Several embodiments are possible and the ovoid shape of the unitary magnet can be more or less perfect by having an end portion of convex rounded shape at one longitudinal end or at both longitudinal ends.
Une forme ovoïde relativement parfaite avec deux extrémités longitudinales de forme convexe est optimale mais difficile à obtenir par usinage. Par contre c'est la forme idéale pour combattre une désaimantation de l'aimant unitaire. A relatively perfect ovoid shape with two longitudinal ends of convex shape is optimal but difficult to obtain by machining. On the other hand, it is the ideal shape to combat demagnetization of the unitary magnet.
En alternative, un aimant unitaire basé sur une structure poly-f acettes avec une première portion dite de corps avec des facettes longitudinales et au moins une portion d'extrémité avec des facettes inclinées dont les angles sont compris entre 0 et 45° peut aussi être envisagé en permettant d'augmenter le champ magnétique relatif à l'aimantation tout en conservant des faces actives importantes aux extrémités des aimants unitaires sous forme de plots. Entre ces deux formes de réalisation de nombreuses autres formes s'approchant plus ou moins d'une forme ovoïde sont aussi possibles. Alternatively, a unitary magnet based on a polyfaceted structure with a first so-called body portion with longitudinal facets and at least one end portion with inclined facets whose angles are between 0 and 45° can also be envisaged by making it possible to increase the magnetic field relative to the magnetization while preserving significant active faces at the ends of the unit magnets under form of studs. Between these two embodiments, many other shapes approaching more or less an ovoid shape are also possible.
Avantageusement, un nombre de pôles d'aimant sur le rotor interne est égal à un nombre de pôles d' aimants sur le rotor externe. Advantageously, a number of magnet poles on the inner rotor is equal to a number of magnet poles on the outer rotor.
Cela représente une simplification de l'architecture du moteur, afin de rechercher la maximisation du couple volumique mais aussi du couple massique en simplifiant notamment grandement l'architecture du bobinage du stator et par extension la compacité du stator. This represents a simplification of the architecture of the motor, in order to seek the maximization of the volume torque but also of the mass torque by notably greatly simplifying the architecture of the winding of the stator and by extension the compactness of the stator.
Cela peut aussi permettre de faire fonctionner les deux rotors ensemble de manière dépendante l'un de l'autre, ce qui a pour avantage à couple donné de réduire la différence de diamètre entre le diamètre externe et interne . This can also make it possible to operate the two rotors together in a mutually dependent manner, which has the advantage, at a given torque, of reducing the difference in diameter between the external and internal diameter.
Avantageusement, chaque aimant surfacique porté par le rotor interne est directement en vis-à-vis d'un aimant surfacique de même polarité porté par le rotor externe. Ceci permet un fonctionnement synchrone du moteur et permet de maximiser le flux magnétique. Advantageously, each surface magnet carried by the inner rotor is directly opposite a surface magnet of the same polarity carried by the outer rotor. This allows synchronous operation of the motor and helps maximize the magnetic flux.
Avantageusement, chaque aimant surfacique porté par le rotor interne est décalé en degré électrique de 1 à 30° par rapport à un aimant surfacique de même polarité porté par le rotor externe. Advantageously, each surface magnet carried by the inner rotor is offset in electrical degree by 1 to 30° relative to a surface magnet of the same polarity carried by the outer rotor.
Dans le cas de la présence d'un couple dit réluctant, par exemple pour des aimants surfaciques du type semi- enterrés dans le circuit magnétique tout en affleurant du circuit magnétique vers l'entrefer, un léger décalage entre les rotors peut permettre de maximiser le couple. Avantageusement, le stator comporte un noyau d'armature portant des dents présentant des collerettes à chacune de leurs extrémités longitudinales orientées vers un rotor respectif, deux dents adjacentes laissant entre elles une encoche pour un bobinage, l'encoche étant rétrécie par les collerettes des deux dents adjacentes à chacune de leurs extrémités longitudinales. In the case of the presence of a so-called reluctant torque, for example for surface magnets of the semi-buried type in the magnetic circuit while flush with the magnetic circuit towards the air gap, a slight offset between the rotors can make it possible to maximize the couple. Advantageously, the stator comprises an armature core carrying teeth having flanges at each of their longitudinal ends oriented towards a rotor respective, two adjacent teeth leaving between them a notch for a winding, the notch being narrowed by the flanges of the two adjacent teeth at each of their longitudinal ends.
Avantageusement, le moteur comprend au moins une frette recouvrant circonf érentiellement les aimants du rotor interne . Advantageously, the motor comprises at least one hoop circumferentially covering the magnets of the internal rotor.
Avantageusement, des masses des aimants des rotors interne et externe sont respectivement sélectionnées l'une par rapport à l'autre afin que les rotors interne et externe atteignent un niveau d'induction équivalent. Un niveau d' induction équivalent est une condition nécessaire au bon dimensionnement du circuit magnétique d'un moteur de manière générale. Advantageously, the masses of the magnets of the inner and outer rotors are respectively selected relative to each other so that the inner and outer rotors reach an equivalent level of induction. An equivalent level of induction is a necessary condition for the correct dimensioning of the magnetic circuit of a motor in general.
Avantageusement, le moteur est à flux radial, les rotors externe et interne étant respectivement sous forme d'une couronne perpendiculaire à l'axe de rotation, chaque couronne étant prolongée par une portion cylindrique reliée au bord externe de la couronne et s'étendant à distance le long de l'axe de rotation. Advantageously, the motor is radial flux, the outer and inner rotors being respectively in the form of a ring perpendicular to the axis of rotation, each ring being extended by a cylindrical portion connected to the outer edge of the ring and extending to distance along the axis of rotation.
Avantageusement, les rotors sont liés mécaniquement l'un par rapport à l'autre par une pièce de liaison par rapport au plan orthogonal à l'axe de rotation. Advantageously, the rotors are mechanically linked relative to each other by a connecting piece relative to the plane orthogonal to the axis of rotation.
D'un point de vue théorique, une liaison mécanique par pièce de liaison n'est pas nécessaire mais en pratique cela simplifie grandement la stabilité du moteur en rendant impossible le décrochage d'un rotor. From a theoretical point of view, one mechanical connection per connecting piece is not necessary but in practice this greatly simplifies the stability of the engine by making it impossible to stall a rotor.
L' invention concerne aussi un organe entraîné par un tel moteur, l'organe étant disposé extérieurement au moteur en l'enveloppant au moins partiellement ou en étant adossé au moteur. Avantageusement , l ' organe est une roue entraînée en rotation par ledit moteur, la roue logeant le moteur en son intérieur . The invention also relates to a member driven by such a motor, the member being disposed outside the motor by enveloping it at least partially or by being backed against the motor. Advantageously, the member is a wheel driven in rotation by said motor, the wheel housing the motor in its interior.
L' invention concerne enfin un moyen de transport comprenant au moins un tel organe sous la forme d' une roue entraînée en rotation par ledit moteur, le moyen de transport présentant un moyen de suspension de la roue en laissant la roue libre en rotation . The invention finally relates to a means of transport comprising at least one such member in the form of a wheel driven in rotation by said motor, the means of transport having means for suspending the wheel while leaving the wheel free to rotate.
Les dessins annexés illustrent l ' invention : The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention:
[ Fig 1 ] représente une vue en coupe radiale d' une portion d' un moteur électromagnétique avec un stator intercalé entre deux rotors portant des aimants surfaciques selon une forme de réalisation de la présente invention,[Fig 1] shows a radial sectional view of a portion of an electromagnetic motor with a stator interposed between two rotors carrying surface magnets according to an embodiment of the present invention,
[ Fig 2 ] représente une vue en perspective des rotors interne et externe portant des aimants surfaciques selon une forme de réalisation de la présente invention,[Fig 2] shows a perspective view of the inner and outer rotors carrying surface magnets according to one embodiment of the present invention,
[ Fig 3 ] représente une courbe de couple magnétique total délivré par un moteur électromagnétique selon la présente invention, [Fig 3] represents a curve of total magnetic torque delivered by an electromagnetic motor according to the present invention,
[ Fig 4 ] représente un aimant surfacique segmenté en plusieurs barrettes longitudinales formant chacune un aimant unitaire , de tels aimants surfaciques pouvant être portés par chaque rotor d' un moteur électromagnétique selon la présente invention, [Fig 4] represents a surface magnet segmented into several longitudinal strips each forming a unitary magnet, such surface magnets being able to be carried by each rotor of an electromagnetic motor according to the present invention,
[ Fig 5 ] représente un aimant surfacique segmenté en plusieurs barrettes latérales formant chacune un aimant unitaire , de tels aimants surfaciques pouvant être portés par chaque rotor d' un moteur électromagnétique selon la présente invention, [Fig 5] represents a surface magnet segmented into several lateral bars each forming a unitary magnet, such surface magnets being able to be carried by each rotor of an electromagnetic motor according to the present invention,
[ Fig 6 ] représente un aimant surfacique pixelisé en plusieurs petits aimants unitaires sous forme de plots de section carrée , de tels aimants surfaciques pouvant être portés par chaque rotor d'un moteur électromagnétique selon la présente invention, [Fig 6] represents a surface magnet pixelated into several small unitary magnets in the form of pads of square section, such surface magnets being able to be carried by each rotor of an electromagnetic motor according to the present invention,
[Fig 7] représente un aimant surfacique pixelisé en plusieurs petits aimants unitaires sous forme de plots de section hexagonale, de tels aimants surfaciques pouvant être portés par chaque rotor d'un moteur électromagnétique selon la présente invention, [Fig 8] représente une vue en coupe d'une jante de roue comprenant un moteur électromagnétique selon la présente invention, [Fig 9] représente une vue de dessous d'un moyen de transport comportant quatre roues, chacune des roues étant dotée d'un moteur électromagnétique selon la présente invention. [Fig 7] represents a surface magnet pixelated into several small unitary magnets in the form of studs of hexagonal section, such surface magnets being able to be carried by each rotor of an electromagnetic motor according to the present invention, [Fig 8] represents a view in section of a wheel rim comprising an electromagnetic motor according to the present invention, [Fig 9] represents a bottom view of a means of transport comprising four wheels, each of the wheels being equipped with an electromagnetic motor according to the present invention.
Dans ce qui va suivre, il est fait référence à toutes les figures prises en combinaison. Quand il est fait référence à une figure spécifique, cette figure est à prendre en combinaison avec les autres figures pour la reconnaissance des références numériques désignées. Aux figures, quand présents, seul un aimant ou pôle d'aimant et seul un petit aimant unitaire faisant partie d'un aimant formant pôle d'aimant sont référencés mais ce qui est énoncé respectivement pour l'aimant formant pôle et l'aimant unitaire est valide respectivement pour tous les aimants formant pôle et tous les aimants unitaires. Il en va de même à la figure 1 pour les éléments du stator qui ne sont référencés que pour un seul élément du même type. In what follows, reference is made to all figures taken in combination. When reference is made to a specific figure, this figure is to be taken in combination with the other figures for the recognition of the designated reference numerals. In the figures, when present, only a magnet or magnet pole and only a small unit magnet forming part of a magnet forming a magnet pole are referenced but what is stated respectively for the magnet forming a pole and the unit magnet is valid respectively for all pole-forming magnets and all unit magnets. The same applies to FIG. 1 for the elements of the stator which are only referenced for a single element of the same type.
En se référant à toutes les figures et notamment dans un premier lieu aux figures 1, 2 et 8, l'invention concerne un moteur 1 d'entraînement qui est destiné à être associé à un organe 15 à entraîner en étant logé au moins partiellement dans l'organe 15 ou en se trouvant adossé à l'organe 15. Referring to all the figures and in particular in a first place to Figures 1, 2 and 8, the invention relates to a drive motor 1 which is intended to be associated with a member 15 to be driven by being housed at least partially in the member 15 or by being leaned against the member 15.
Le moteur 1 comprend un rotor interne 2 et un rotor externe 2a concentriques par rapport à un axe de rotation 3 central, les rotors 2, 2a intercalant entre eux un stator 10 avec un entrefer 14, 14a entre le stator 10 et chaque rotor 2, 2a. Chaque rotor 2, 2a est muni d'un circuit magnétique 8 de circulation de flux magnétique en vis-à-vis d'un entrefer 14, 14a respectif et portant des aimants 6. The motor 1 comprises an internal rotor 2 and an external rotor 2a concentric with respect to a central axis of rotation 3, the rotors 2, 2a inserting between them a stator 10 with an air gap 14, 14a between the stator 10 and each rotor 2, 2a. Each rotor 2, 2a is provided with a magnetic circuit 8 for the circulation of magnetic flux facing a respective air gap 14, 14a and carrying magnets 6.
Selon l'invention, pour les rotors 2, 2a interne et externe, les aimants 6 sont des aimants surfaciques positionnés dans ou sur le circuit magnétique 8 associé en affleurant du circuit magnétique 8 vers l'entrefer 14, 14a respectif. According to the invention, for the internal and external rotors 2, 2a, the magnets 6 are surface magnets positioned in or on the associated magnetic circuit 8 flush with the magnetic circuit 8 towards the respective air gap 14, 14a.
Pour un premier type d'aimant surfacique 6, l'aimant 6 est positionné sur le circuit magnétique 8 du rotor associé sans présence d'un logement pour le recevoir, donc collé sur le circuit magnétique 8. For a first type of surface magnet 6, magnet 6 is positioned on magnetic circuit 8 of the associated rotor without the presence of a housing to receive it, therefore glued to magnetic circuit 8.
Un second type d' aimant surfacique regroupe des aimants 6 insérés partiellement dans un logement mais en débordant au moins légèrement de leur logement, ces aimants étant qualifiés d'aimants semi-enterrés . A second type of surface magnet includes magnets 6 partially inserted into a housing but projecting at least slightly from their housing, these magnets being qualified as semi-buried magnets.
Ces aimants 6 semi-enterrés ou encastrés présentent l'intérêt d'ajouter un couple réluctant qui peut être utilisé afin de limiter le volume d'aimant ou l'intensité du courant à couple donné. Les gains théoriques sont cependant à relativiser à cause des potentielles fuites entre les aimants alors plus importantes. These semi-buried or embedded magnets 6 have the advantage of adding a reluctant torque which can be used to limit the magnet volume or the intensity of the current at a given torque. The theoretical gains are however to be put into perspective because of the potential leaks between the magnets which are then greater.
Les avantages d'un aimant surfacique 6 du premier ou du deuxième type sont une utilisation optimale de l'aimant 6 pour la création de couple aux rotors 2, 2a interne et externe et une limitation du flux de fuite inter-aimants. Comme il est visible notamment aux figures 1 et 2, dans une forme de réalisation optionnelle de la présente invention, les aimants 6 de même polarité peuvent être positionnés face à face. The advantages of a surface magnet 6 of the first or of the second type are an optimal use of the magnet 6 for the creation of torque at the internal and external rotors 2, 2a and a limitation of the inter-magnet leakage flux. As can be seen in particular in FIGS. 1 and 2, in an optional embodiment of the present invention, the magnets 6 of the same polarity can be positioned face to face.
Un nombre de pôles d'aimant 6 sur le rotor interne 2 peut être égal à un nombre de pôles d' aimants 6 sur le rotor externe 2a. Dans cette configuration, les lignes de champs traversent donc les deux rotors 2, 2a. A number of magnet poles 6 on the inner rotor 2 can be equal to a number of magnet poles 6 on the outer rotor 2a. In this configuration, the field lines therefore cross the two rotors 2, 2a.
L'avantage de cette solution est d'éviter l'ajout d'un bouclage des lignes de champs dans des encoches 12 du stator 10 contenant le bobinage, ce qui diminuerait l'espace disponible pour les enroulements de bobinage. Cependant, dans ce cas, les rotors 2, 2a interne et externe du moteur 1 fonctionnent de manière dépendante l'un de l'autre, ce qui diminue les degrés de liberté lors de la conception. The advantage of this solution is to avoid adding looping of the field lines in the notches 12 of the stator 10 containing the winding, which would reduce the space available for the windings of the winding. However, in this case, the internal and external rotors 2, 2a of the motor 1 operate in a mutually dependent manner, which reduces the degrees of freedom during the design.
Dans une autre forme de réalisation optionnelle, l'ajout d'un angle entre les deux rotors 2, 2a peut présenter un intérêt de diminution de l'ondulation de couple ou d'utilisation d'un couple résultant. In another optional embodiment, the addition of an angle between the two rotors 2, 2a may be of interest in reducing the torque ripple or using a resultant torque.
Ainsi, chaque aimant surfacique 6 porté par le rotor interne 2 peut être décalé en degré électrique de 1 à 30° par rapport à un aimant surfacique 6 de même polarité porté par le rotor externe 2a. Thus, each surface magnet 6 carried by the internal rotor 2 can be offset in electrical degree by 1 to 30° with respect to a surface magnet 6 of the same polarity carried by the external rotor 2a.
De même, une dissymétrie architecturale entre les deux rotors 2, 2a peut être avantageuse. Likewise, an architectural asymmetry between the two rotors 2, 2a can be advantageous.
Des masses des aimants 6 des rotors 2, 2a interne et externe peuvent être respectivement sélectionnées l'une par rapport à l'autre afin que les rotors 2, 2a interne et externe atteignent un niveau d'induction équivalent. En ce qui concerne le stator 10, le stator 10 peut être dénué de culasse et être constitué de dents 11 pouvant présenter des collerettes 13, aussi dénommées isthmes, à chacune des extrémités longitudinales des dents 11. Les dents 11 peuvent être portées par un noyau d'armature, une encoche 12 étant intercalée entre deux dents 11 adjacentes pour recevoir un bobinage. Masses of the magnets 6 of the inner and outer rotors 2, 2a can be respectively selected relative to each other so that the inner and outer rotors 2, 2a reach an equivalent level of induction. As regards the stator 10, the stator 10 may be devoid of a yoke and be made up of teeth 11 which may have flanges 13, also called isthmuses, at each of the longitudinal ends of the teeth 11. The teeth 11 can be carried by an armature core, a notch 12 being interposed between two adjacent teeth 11 to receive a winding.
Le bouclage du flux a alors lieu dans un circuit magnétique 8 présent dans chacun des rotors 2, 2a. Afin de ne pas pénaliser la création de couple entre les deux rotors 2, 2a, la profondeur d'encoche 12 peut être sensiblement augmentée par rapport à une structure à simple entrefer, afin d'augmenter le nombre de spires. Chaque encoche 12 laissée entre deux dents 11 adjacentes peut être rétrécie latéralement par les collerettes 13 des deux dents 11 adjacentes à chacune de leurs extrémités longitudinales. The looping of the flux then takes place in a magnetic circuit 8 present in each of the rotors 2, 2a. In order not to penalize the creation of torque between the two rotors 2, 2a, the depth of notch 12 can be substantially increased compared to a structure with a single air gap, in order to increase the number of turns. Each notch 12 left between two adjacent teeth 11 can be narrowed laterally by the flanges 13 of the two teeth 11 adjacent to each of their longitudinal ends.
Sans que cela soit limitatif, à titre purement illustratif, le moteur 1 peut posséder 28 paires de pôles et 84 encoches. Without this being limiting, purely by way of illustration, the motor 1 can have 28 pairs of poles and 84 slots.
On peut estimer que le rotor externe 2a participe à la création du couple total dans une proportion d' environ deux tiers quand le rotor interne 2 ne participe qu' à un tiers . It can be estimated that the external rotor 2a participates in the creation of the total torque in a proportion of about two thirds when the internal rotor 2 only participates in one third.
La différence de rayon entre les deux rotors 2, 2a présente un impact direct sur le couple mais aussi sur la quantité d'aimants si l'on veut garder une épaisseur similaire. Du point de vue magnétique, on atteint dans une dent 11 des inductions de l'ordre de 2,1 Tesla, ce qui est à la limite. Un niveau d'induction proche entre les rotors 2, 2a interne et externe peut être souhaité pour avoir une densité de puissance optimale. The difference in radius between the two rotors 2, 2a has a direct impact on the torque but also on the quantity of magnets if one wants to keep a similar thickness. From the magnetic point of view, inductions of the order of 2.1 Tesla are reached in a tooth 11, which is at the limit. A close level of induction between the inner and outer rotors 2, 2a may be desired in order to have an optimum power density.
La figure 3 présente le couple électromagnétique total référencé C mag t et mesuré en Newton, mètre ou N/m en fonction du temps. A cette figure, il peut être observé une ondulation de couple élevée de l'ordre de 25%. La densité de courant peut atteindre 18 A/mm2. S'il est possible d'atteindre cette densité de courant lors de pics avec un refroidissement à eau, un fonctionnement continu peut exiger la mise en place d'un refroidissement à huile. La justification du refroidissement dépendra aussi de la constante de temps thermique du moteur 1 et de l'élévation de température réelle dans les enroulements des bobinages pendant la durée de fonctionnement . Figure 3 shows the total electromagnetic torque referenced C mag t and measured in Newton, meter or N/m as a function of time. In this figure, a high torque ripple of the order of 25% can be observed. The current density can reach 18 A/mm 2 . While it is possible to achieve this current density at peaks with water cooling, continuous operation may require the provision of oil cooling. The justification for cooling will also depend on the thermal time constant of motor 1 and the actual temperature rise in the windings of the windings during the operating time.
Un tel moteur 1 peut présenter une masse des parties actives estimée à presque 70 kg, ce qui implique une puissance massique relativement faible malgré le couple élevé . Such a motor 1 can have a mass of the active parts estimated at almost 70 kg, which implies a relatively low power density despite the high torque.
L'architecture à double rotor du moteur 1 selon la présente invention a permis avec l'aide d'une augmentation de la densité de courant d'accroître la valeur du couple. The double-rotor architecture of motor 1 according to the present invention has made it possible, with the help of an increase in the current density, to increase the value of the torque.
En se référant notamment aux figures 4 à 6, les aimants 6 peuvent être segmentés ou pixelisés. Referring in particular to Figures 4 to 6, the magnets 6 can be segmented or pixelated.
En effet, il s'est avéré que, pour un moteur 1 selon la présente invention avec les caractéristiques précédemment mentionnées recherchant un couple volumique et/ou un couple massique le plus élevé possible pour des vitesses de rotation de l'ordre de 1.500 rotations par minute, les pertes pouvaient rester élevées. Indeed, it turned out that, for a motor 1 according to the present invention with the previously mentioned characteristics seeking the highest possible volume torque and/or mass torque for rotational speeds of the order of 1,500 rotations per minute, losses could remain high.
De plus, la forte compacité des moteurs 1 fait que l'extraction des pertes représentent un véritable défi, au-delà des considérations de performance. Parmi tous les postes de pertes, les plus difficiles à évacuer sont celles présentes à chaque rotor 2, 2a, liées au mouvement rotatif de celui-ci. I l est ainsi recherché optionnellement de réduire un des postes de pertes principaux dans le moteur 1 lié aux aimants 6 . In addition, the high compactness of the motors 1 makes the extraction of losses a real challenge, beyond performance considerations. Among all the loss stations, the most difficult to evacuate are those present at each rotor 2, 2a, linked to the rotary movement thereof. I t is thus optionally sought to reduce one of the main loss items in the motor 1 linked to the magnets 6 .
Du fait , de la conductivité électrique non-nulle des matériaux ferromagnétiques constituant les aimants 6 , ceux-ci sont suj ets à la présence de courants de Foucault sources de pertes d' autant plus importantes que le champ les traversant est important . Due to the non-zero electrical conductivity of the ferromagnetic materials constituting the magnets 6, these are subject to the presence of eddy currents, sources of losses which are all the more significant as the field passing through them is significant.
Pour réduire la présence de ces courants de circulation, il a été fixé comme obj ecti f de réduire la conductivité moyenne du milieu sans impacter trop fortement les propriétés magnétiques du matériau . To reduce the presence of these circulating currents, it was set as an objective to reduce the average conductivity of the medium without having too strong an impact on the magnetic properties of the material.
Une première solution revient à segmenter les aimants 6 en de multiples barrettes 7 . Ces barrettes 7 sont espacées les unes des autres par la présence d' un matériau électriquement isolant , par exemple un vernis non conducteur . Ce procédé permet de drastiquement réduire la formation de courants de circulation sans trop détériorer les performances magnétiques . A first solution amounts to segmenting the magnets 6 into multiple strips 7 . These strips 7 are spaced from each other by the presence of an electrically insulating material, for example a non-conductive varnish. This method makes it possible to drastically reduce the formation of circulating currents without deteriorating the magnetic performance too much.
Des barrettes 7 s ' étendant longitudinalement dans l ' aimant 6 en formant des aimants unitaires 7 sont montrées à la figure 4 tandis que la figure 5 montre des barrettes 7 s ' étendant dans le sens latéral de l ' aimant . Ces barrettes 7 peuvent être avantageusement de forme parallélépipédique . Strips 7 extending longitudinally in the magnet 6 forming unitary magnets 7 are shown in FIG. 4, while FIG. 5 shows strips 7 extending in the lateral direction of the magnet. These strips 7 can advantageously be parallelepipedic in shape.
Aux figures 4 et 5 , il est visible qu' un gros aimant destiné à devenir un aimant surfacique 6 peut être découpé en plus de cinq aimants unitaires 7 pour des barrettes longitudinales et en plus de vingt aimants unitaires 7 pour des barrettes latérales . In FIGS. 4 and 5, it is visible that a large magnet intended to become a surface magnet 6 can be cut into more than five unitary magnets 7 for longitudinal strips and into more than twenty unitary magnets 7 for lateral strips.
Dans le cas où cette solution n' est pas suf fisante , il est possible d' aller plus loin avec la pixelisation . Selon cette technique , les aimants 6 vont être segmentés dans deux directions en suivant des règles similaires à celui du pavage du plan régulier dans le plan orthogonal à la direction du flux ou à la direction de polarisation des aimants 6. If this solution is not sufficient, it is possible to go further with pixelization. According to this technique, the magnets 6 will be segmented in two directions by following rules similar to that of the tiling of the regular plane in the plane orthogonal to the direction of the flux or to the direction of polarization of the magnets 6.
Les motifs classiques utilisés pour la pixelisation peuvent être à base carrée, rectangulaire, cylindrique ou polygonale, notamment hexagonale ou ovoïdes. Les aimants unitaires 7 dans cette configuration peuvent être sous forme de plots ou de tiges de forme allongée. Les aimants unitaires 7 peuvent s'étendre en longueur dans l'épaisseur d'un gros aimant ou d'une structure d'aimant formée par un regroupement des aimants unitaires 7 solidarisés les uns aux autres. The conventional patterns used for pixelation can be square, rectangular, cylindrical or polygonal, in particular hexagonal or ovoid. The unitary magnets 7 in this configuration can be in the form of studs or elongated rods. The unitary magnets 7 can extend in length in the thickness of a large magnet or of a magnet structure formed by a grouping of the unitary magnets 7 secured to each other.
Ainsi, un gros aimant destiné à devenir un aimant surfacique 6 peut être découpé en une multitude d' aimants unitaires 7 beaucoup plus petits que des barrettes. Aux figures 6 et 7, il est montré plus de cinquante aimants unitaires 7 faisant partie d'un même aimant surfacique 6. Les aimants 6 surfaciques peuvent être découpés par Laser. Une couche de vernis isolant et adhésif ou une résine composite isolante peut être insérée entre les aimants unitaires 7. Thus, a large magnet intended to become a surface magnet 6 can be cut into a multitude of unitary magnets 7 much smaller than strips. In FIGS. 6 and 7, more than fifty unitary magnets 7 are shown forming part of the same surface magnet 6. The surface magnets 6 can be cut by laser. A layer of insulating and adhesive varnish or an insulating composite resin can be inserted between the unit magnets 7.
Cependant pour maintenir les aimants unitaires 7 les uns par rapport aux autres avant collage, il peut être avantageux de laisser dans l'aimant surfacique 6 découpé un talon qui réunit tous les aimants unitaires 7 ensemble. Un tel talon peut présenter une forme de zigzag c'est-à-dire être non plan en s'étendant sur plusieurs plans successifs, ce qui s'est avéré diminuer les courants de Foucault créés par un talon similaire mais plan. However, to maintain the unitary magnets 7 relative to each other before bonding, it may be advantageous to leave in the surface magnet 6 cut out a heel which brings together all the unitary magnets 7 together. Such a heel can have a zigzag shape, that is to say be non-planar extending over several successive planes, which has proven to reduce the eddy currents created by a similar but flat heel.
Notamment dans le cas d'aimants surfaciques 6 segmentés ou pixelisés, comme les rotors 2, 2a interne et externe peuvent tourner à grande vitesse et être soumis à une force centrifuge élevée, le moteur 1 peut comprendre au moins une frette recouvrant circonf érentiellement les aimants 6 du rotor interne 2. Pour le rotor externe 2a, c'est le carter du moteur 1 qui peut servir de frette mais il est possible également de prévoir une frette pour le rotor externe 2a. In particular in the case of segmented or pixelated surface magnets 6, such as the internal and external rotors 2, 2a can rotate at high speed and be subjected to a high centrifugal force, the motor 1 can comprise at least one hoop circumferentially covering the magnets 6 of the internal rotor 2. For the external rotor 2a, it is the casing of the motor 1 which can serve as hoop but it is also possible to provide a hoop for the outer rotor 2a.
Comme montré à la figure 1, le moteur 1 électromagnétique selon la présente invention peut être à flux radial. Cependant la présente invention n'est pas limitée à un moteur à flux radial. As shown in Figure 1, the electromagnetic motor 1 according to the present invention can be radial flux. However, the present invention is not limited to a radial flux motor.
Dans ce cas, les rotors 2, 2a externe et interne peuvent être respectivement sous forme d'une couronne 9 perpendiculaire à l'axe de rotation 3, chaque couronne 9 étant prolongée par une portion cylindrique 9a reliée au bord externe de la couronne 9 et s'étendant à distance le long de l'axe de rotation 3. Les références concernent la couronne 9 et la portion cylindrique 9a du rotor externe 2a mais le rotor interne 2 présente la même configuration . In this case, the outer and inner rotors 2, 2a can respectively be in the form of a ring 9 perpendicular to the axis of rotation 3, each ring 9 being extended by a cylindrical portion 9a connected to the outer edge of the ring 9 and extending at a distance along the axis of rotation 3. The references relate to the crown 9 and the cylindrical portion 9a of the outer rotor 2a but the inner rotor 2 has the same configuration.
Les rotors 2, 2a peuvent être liés mécaniquement l'un par rapport à l'autre par une pièce de liaison. Cette pièce peut être désaxée par rapport au plan orthogonal à l'axe de rotation 3. The rotors 2, 2a can be mechanically linked to each other by a link piece. This part can be offset with respect to the plane orthogonal to the axis of rotation 3.
Comme montré à la figure 8, l'invention concerne aussi un organe 15 entraîné par un moteur 1 électromagnétique tel que précédemment décrit. Une pièce de liaison assure une transmission de couple entre le moteur 1 électromagnétique et l'organe 15 entraîné. L'organe 15 entraîné est à cette figure 8 une jante 15 de roue. L'organe 15 peut être disposé extérieurement au moteur 1 en l'enveloppant au moins partiellement, ce qui est le cas pour un moteur roue pour lequel le moteur 1 est entièrement ou maj oritairement intégré dans la roue . En alternative , l ' organe 15 peut être adossé au moteur 1 électromagnétique en étant solidarisé à un des côtés du moteur 1 . As shown in FIG. 8, the invention also relates to a member 15 driven by an electromagnetic motor 1 as previously described. A connecting piece provides torque transmission between the electromagnetic motor 1 and the driven member 15 . The driven member 15 is in this figure 8 a wheel rim 15. The member 15 can be arranged outside the motor 1 by enveloping it at least partially, which is the case for a wheel motor for which the motor 1 is fully or mostly integrated into the wheel. Alternatively, the member 15 can be attached to the electromagnetic motor 1 by being secured to one of the sides of the motor 1 .
Dans le cas non limitatif d' un moteur roue , appellation commune d' une roue comprenant en son intérieur un moteur 1 électromagnétique pour son entraînement , le moteur roue peut faire partie d' un moyen de transport 17 en étant associé avec un ou d' autres moteurs roue , le moyen de transport 17 présentant un moyen de suspension du moteur roue en le laissant libre en rotation . In the non-limiting case of a wheel motor, common name for a wheel comprising an electromagnetic motor 1 inside it for driving it, the wheel motor can form part of a means of transport 17 by being associated with one or more other wheel motors, the transport means 17 having a wheel motor suspension means leaving it free to rotate.
Comme montré à la figure 9 , le moyen de transport 17 peut comprendre une batterie 21 , avantageusement haute tension, alimentant le ou les moteurs roue , le moteur roue pouvant aussi servir de générateur pour une recharge de la batterie 21 . Ceci est valable pour un moteur 1 électromagnétique selon la présente invention qui peut servir aussi de générateur . As shown in FIG. 9, the means of transport 17 can comprise a battery 21, advantageously high voltage, supplying the wheel motor or motors, the wheel motor also being able to serve as a generator for recharging the battery 21 . This is valid for an electromagnetic motor 1 according to the present invention which can also serve as a generator.
Le ou les moteurs 1 électromagnétiques présents dans la ou les roues 16 peuvent être contrôlés par une unité électronique 18 de contrôle du moyen de transport . The electromagnetic motor(s) 1 present in the wheel(s) 16 can be controlled by an electronic unit 18 for controlling the means of transport.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1) Moteur (1) électromagnétique comprenant un rotor interne (2) et un rotor externe (2a) concentriques par rapport à un axe de rotation (3) central, les rotors (2, 2a) intercalant entre eux un stator (10) avec un entrefer (14, 14a) entre le stator (10) et chaque rotor (2, 2a) , chaque rotor (2, 2a) étant muni d'un circuit magnétique (8) de circulation de flux magnétique en vis-à-vis d'un entrefer (14, 14a) respectif et portant des aimants surfaciques (6) pour les rotors (2, 2a) interne et externe, les aimants surfaciques (6) étant positionnés dans ou sur le circuit magnétique (8) , caractérisé en ce que les aimants surfaciques (6) dépassent du circuit magnétique (8) vers l'entrefer (14, 14a) respectif, chaque aimant surfacique (6) étant segmenté dans au moins deux directions en une multitude d' au moins cinquante aimants unitaires (7) pixelisés. 1) Electromagnetic motor (1) comprising an internal rotor (2) and an external rotor (2a) concentric with respect to a central axis of rotation (3), the rotors (2, 2a) inserting between them a stator (10) with an air gap (14, 14a) between the stator (10) and each rotor (2, 2a), each rotor (2, 2a) being provided with a magnetic circuit (8) for circulating magnetic flux opposite each other a respective air gap (14, 14a) carrying surface magnets (6) for the inner and outer rotors (2, 2a), the surface magnets (6) being positioned in or on the magnetic circuit (8), characterized in that the surface magnets (6) protrude from the magnetic circuit (8) towards the respective air gap (14, 14a), each surface magnet (6) being segmented in at least two directions into a multitude of at least fifty unitary magnets ( 7) pixelated.
2) Moteur (1) selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel les aimants unitaires (7) sont sous la forme de plots à section circulaire, cylindrique, polygonale ou ovoïdes, les plots s'étendant partiellement dans une épaisseur du rotor associé. 2) Motor (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein the unit magnets (7) are in the form of studs with a circular, cylindrical, polygonal or ovoid section, the studs extending partially in a thickness of the associated rotor.
3) Moteur (1) selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel un nombre de pôles d'aimant (6) sur le rotor interne (2) est égal à un nombre de pôles d'aimants (6) sur le rotor externe (2a) . 3) Motor (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein a number of magnet poles (6) on the inner rotor (2) is equal to a number of magnet poles (6) on the outer rotor (2a) .
4) Moteur (1) selon la revendication 3, dans lequel chaque aimant surfacique (6) porté par le rotor interne (2) est directement en vis-à-vis d'un aimant surfacique (6) de même polarité porté par le rotor externe (2a) . ) Moteur (1) selon la revendication 3, dans lequel chaque aimant surfacique (6) porté par le rotor interne (2) est décalé en degré électrique de 1 à 30° par rapport à un aimant (6) surfacique de même polarité porté par le rotor externe (2a) . ) Moteur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le stator (10) comporte un noyau d'armature portant des dents (11) présentant des collerettes (13) à chacune de leurs extrémités longitudinales orientées vers un rotor (2, 2a) respectif, deux dents (11) adjacentes laissant entre elles une encoche (12) pour un bobinage, l'encoche (12) étant rétrécie par les collerettes (13) des deux dents (11) adjacentes à chacune de leurs extrémités longitudinales . ) Moteur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le moteur (1) comprend au moins une frette recouvrant circonf érentiellement les aimants (6) du rotor interne (2) . ) Moteur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel des masses des aimants (6) des rotors (2, 2a) interne et externe sont respectivement sélectionnées l'une par rapport à l'autre afin que les rotors (2, 2a) interne et externe atteignent un niveau d'induction équivalent. ) Moteur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le moteur (1) est à flux radial, les rotors (2, 2a) externe et interne étant respectivement sous forme d'une couronne (9) perpendiculaire à l'axe de rotation (3) , chaque couronne (9) étant prolongée par une portion cylindrique (9a) reliée au bord externe de la couronne (9) et s'étendant à distance le long de l'axe de rotation (3) . 4) Motor (1) according to claim 3, wherein each surface magnet (6) carried by the internal rotor (2) is directly opposite a magnet surface (6) of the same polarity carried by the outer rotor (2a). ) Motor (1) according to claim 3, wherein each surface magnet (6) carried by the internal rotor (2) is offset in electrical degree by 1 to 30° relative to a surface magnet (6) of the same polarity carried by the outer rotor (2a). ) Motor (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the stator (10) comprises an armature core carrying teeth (11) having flanges (13) at each of their longitudinal ends oriented towards a rotor ( 2, 2a) respectively, two adjacent teeth (11) leaving between them a notch (12) for a winding, the notch (12) being narrowed by the collars (13) of the two teeth (11) adjacent to each of their ends longitudinal. ) Motor (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the motor (1) comprises at least one hoop circumferentially covering the magnets (6) of the inner rotor (2). ) Motor (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the masses of the magnets (6) of the inner and outer rotors (2, 2a) are respectively selected relative to each other so that the rotors ( 2, 2a) internal and external reach an equivalent level of induction. ) Motor (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the motor (1) is radial flux, the outer and inner rotors (2, 2a) being respectively in the form of a crown (9) perpendicular to the axis of rotation (3), each crown (9) being extended by a portion cylindrical (9a) connected to the outer edge of the crown (9) and extending at a distance along the axis of rotation (3).
10) Moteur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les rotors (2, 2a) sont liés mécaniquement l'un par rapport à l'autre par une pièce de liaison par rapport au plan orthogonal à l'axe de rotation (3) . 10) Engine (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the rotors (2, 2a) are mechanically linked to each other by a connecting piece with respect to the plane orthogonal to the axis rotation (3) .
11) Organe (15) caractérisé en ce qu'il est entraîné par un moteur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, l'organe (15) étant disposé extérieurement au moteur (1) en l'enveloppant au moins partiellement ou en étant adossé au moteur (1) • 11) Body (15) characterized in that it is driven by a motor (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, the member (15) being disposed externally to the motor (1) enveloping it at least partially or while leaning against the engine (1) •
12) Organe (15) selon la revendication précédente, lequel est une roue (16) entraînée en rotation par ledit moteur (1) , la roue (16) logeant le moteur (1) en son intérieur. 12) Body (15) according to the preceding claim, which is a wheel (16) driven in rotation by said motor (1), the wheel (16) housing the motor (1) in its interior.
13) Moyen de transport (17) , caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins un organe (15) sous la forme d'une roue (16) entraînée en rotation par ledit moteur (1) selon la revendication précédente, le moyen de transport présentant un moyen de suspension de la roue (16) en laissant la roue (16) libre en rotation. 13) Means of transport (17), characterized in that it comprises at least one member (15) in the form of a wheel (16) driven in rotation by said motor (1) according to the preceding claim, the means of transport having a wheel suspension means (16) leaving the wheel (16) free to rotate.
PCT/IB2023/051905 2022-03-03 2023-03-01 Electromagnetic motor having surface magnets WO2023166442A1 (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1102385A2 (en) 1999-11-18 2001-05-23 Denso Corporation Rotary electric machine for vehicle
FR2881290A1 (en) 2004-12-27 2006-07-28 Denso Corp ELECTRIC WHEEL
JP2016093052A (en) 2014-11-10 2016-05-23 株式会社デンソー Rotary electric machine
US11128186B2 (en) 2017-03-22 2021-09-21 Whylot Sas Electromagnetic motor or generator comprising a rotor with magnetized structures comprising individual magnets and a stator with concentric windings
CN113612362A (en) 2021-08-11 2021-11-05 哈尔滨理工大学 Composite alternating pole permanent magnet vernier motor

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1102385A2 (en) 1999-11-18 2001-05-23 Denso Corporation Rotary electric machine for vehicle
FR2881290A1 (en) 2004-12-27 2006-07-28 Denso Corp ELECTRIC WHEEL
JP2016093052A (en) 2014-11-10 2016-05-23 株式会社デンソー Rotary electric machine
US11128186B2 (en) 2017-03-22 2021-09-21 Whylot Sas Electromagnetic motor or generator comprising a rotor with magnetized structures comprising individual magnets and a stator with concentric windings
CN113612362A (en) 2021-08-11 2021-11-05 哈尔滨理工大学 Composite alternating pole permanent magnet vernier motor

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