WO2023164412A1 - Flotteur peu profond pour éolienne en mer à haute fréquence naturelle et courte période naturelle - Google Patents

Flotteur peu profond pour éolienne en mer à haute fréquence naturelle et courte période naturelle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023164412A1
WO2023164412A1 PCT/US2023/062863 US2023062863W WO2023164412A1 WO 2023164412 A1 WO2023164412 A1 WO 2023164412A1 US 2023062863 W US2023062863 W US 2023062863W WO 2023164412 A1 WO2023164412 A1 WO 2023164412A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
frusto
conical section
narrow
equatorial plane
axed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2023/062863
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jeremy J. PADADOPOULOS
Original Assignee
T-Omega Wind Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by T-Omega Wind Inc. filed Critical T-Omega Wind Inc.
Publication of WO2023164412A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023164412A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/02—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement
    • B63B1/10—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls
    • B63B1/12—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls the hulls being interconnected rigidly
    • B63B1/125—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls the hulls being interconnected rigidly comprising more than two hulls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/02—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement
    • B63B1/10—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls
    • B63B1/12—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls the hulls being interconnected rigidly
    • B63B1/125—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls the hulls being interconnected rigidly comprising more than two hulls
    • B63B2001/126—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls the hulls being interconnected rigidly comprising more than two hulls comprising more than three hulls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/02—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement
    • B63B1/10—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls
    • B63B1/12—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls the hulls being interconnected rigidly
    • B63B2001/128—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls the hulls being interconnected rigidly comprising underwater connectors between the hulls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B15/00—Superstructures, deckhouses, wheelhouses or the like; Arrangements or adaptations of masts or spars, e.g. bowsprits
    • B63B2015/0016—Masts characterized by mast configuration or construction
    • B63B2015/0025—Bipodded masts, e.g. A-type masts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B15/00—Superstructures, deckhouses, wheelhouses or the like; Arrangements or adaptations of masts or spars, e.g. bowsprits
    • B63B2015/0016—Masts characterized by mast configuration or construction
    • B63B2015/0033—Multipodded masts, e.g. tripod-type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
    • B63B2035/446—Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting wind energy into electric energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F03D13/25—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation
    • F03D13/256—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation on a floating support, i.e. floating wind motors

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates in general to wind turbines and more specifically to shallow floats supporting offshore wind turbines and providing stability by exhibiting a high natural frequency of rigid motions in the water.
  • a wind turbine is a rotating machine that, converts kinetic energy from wind into mechanical energy that is converted to electricity.
  • Utility-scale, horizontal-axis wind turbines have horizontal shafts that are commonly pointed into the wind by a shaft and generator assembly within a nacelle, at the top of a tower that is yawed relative to the tower in order to align the rotor with the wind.
  • the nacelle commonly houses a direct drive generator or a transmission and generator combination.
  • the state of the art includes offshore wind turbines that are anchored to the ocean bottom and are neither built nor intended to be moved.
  • wind turbines used for offshore applications commonly include single-tower systems mounted to the sea bed But in deeper waters such towers are too expensive, so the turbines must float, using submersible or semi-submersible platforms employing spars or spar buoys, tension legs, or a large-area barge-type construction.
  • Offshore turbines are usually connected to am onshore power grid and electrical energy produced is transferred and conditioned by ocean-floor grid structures.
  • Waves are created by wind blowing across the water.
  • a wave pattern on the ocean’s surface is defined as sea when it is generated locally and traveling in various directions at varying speeds.
  • Waves generated by remote wind in the open ocean are called swell, these travel in a single direction and are somewhat more regular than sea waves. But they still present a very irregular aspect, being formed as the instantaneous summation of many different small waves traveling at different speeds and adding elevations at each point.
  • a wave's crest is its point of maximum elevation.
  • a wave trough is the point of minimum elevation.
  • a wave amplitude A equals one half the wave's height H, which is the distance between the crest and the trough.
  • wavelength X is the distance between two crests, troughs or inflection points with the same curvature above and below the points.
  • Period, T is the time it takes one wavelength to pass by a fixed position.
  • a swell is formed of many different wavelengths, each with its own height and starting time; mathematically the most complete description is with a ‘spectrum’.
  • the wave of a specific wavelength L has a period T in seconds related by the following equation.
  • the speed of a wave is defined by L/T, so each wavelength travels at a different speed. :
  • heave response amplitude operator for a floating structure or vessel is a plot of heave amplitude divided by wave amplitude as a function of every possible wave frequency or wavelength.
  • RAOs describe a vessel’s response to wave-frequency excitation. RAOs are typically determined by diffraction analysis.
  • the resulting motion of a floating body may be approximated as a multiplier of wave height.
  • Heave RAO 1
  • RAO ⁇ 1
  • RAO ⁇ 1 One conventional approach to keep RAO ⁇ 1 is to build a structure that has a natural frequency that is lower than the wave frequency of the intended environment.
  • a natural period of a structure being > 20s will typically suffice.
  • Some common examples exhibit a natural period of 30s.
  • a relatively long natural period may be achieved by a relatively large mass and a relatively small water-plane area.
  • the heave radian frequency of a slender vertical cylinder is determined as the square root of the heave stiffness divided by the draft; divide by 2n to give frequency in Hz. Heave stiffness may be expressed as water density times g, times the water-plane area. For a slender cylindrical body, radian frequency simplifies to the square root of g/draft.
  • a draft of 100 meters gives a period of 20 seconds.
  • an appropriate practice is to design a structure to have a period longer than 20 seconds and in many cases close to 30 seconds.
  • a floating body may be said to be equi-axed when the vertical dimension d (approximately the cube root of the submerged volume) of the underwater part is approximately equal to the horizontal dimension. In general a float of given volume displacement achieves the shortest period when it is near to equi-axed, in other words neither far wider or far slenderer than its diameter.
  • a structure for supporting an offshore wind turbine employs shallow draft floats supporting a wind turbine structure.
  • an apparatus has at its central portion a horizontal structure that is configured to support a rotating shaft at both ends. Energy from the shaft driven by a wind-turbine rotor is transferred to electrical-generation equipment .
  • this central portion is supported on a plurality of legs, each with a shallow float at the base.
  • a structure is designed to move vertically as a wave passes, rather than the common approach of designing to avoid wave-induced movement.
  • An equi-axed shape supporting a minimum weight per float provides a relatively high natural frequency.
  • a shallow float is formed by two conical sections joined at their bases.
  • a float is an equi-axed form, a 90 degree cone supporting approximately 250 tons providing a four second heave period.
  • a set of 4 floats support a turbine structure. Each float supports ⁇ 250 tons.
  • One skilled in the art understands that reducing the weight per float will reduce the period.
  • equi-axed float shapes will also maintain a short natural period, for example a hemisphere, a short cylinder, or a pointed cone with apex angle around 90 degrees.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an example embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a side view thereof
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a turbine supported by the example embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an example embodiment 100.
  • a frusto-conical section 1 10 is joined at its base with the top of a second frusto conical section 1 12 forming an equatorial plane 130. Except in extreme conditions, the upper section 110 is not submerged; heave response is defined by the lower section 112.
  • FIG. 2 shows a side view of the embodiment.
  • the equatorial width 114 of the portion 112 is a little greater than its height 122, providing an equi-axed form. In some embodiments the width 114 of the apparatus 100 is approximately equal to the height 116, providing an equi-axed form.
  • the diameter 118 of the top 111 of the upper frusto conical section 110 is approximately equal to the distance 120 from the equatorial plane 130 to the top 111.
  • the diameter 124 of the base 113 of the lower frusto-conical section 112 is approximately equal to the distance 122 from the base 113 of the second frusto-conical section, to the equatorial plane 130.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example embodiment 100 in situ on a floating turbine 101.
  • four floats are used to support the turbine structure.
  • the upper frusto- conical section 110 is designed to remain above the water and half or more of the lower frusto- conical section 112 resides under water.
  • the weight of the turbine 101 is distributed across the floats 100.
  • the distributed weight and equi-axed underwater volumes provides a relatively high natural frequency.
  • a stiff mooring line 132 can further assist in providing a relatively high natural frequency.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une structure pour supporter une éolienne en mer qui utilise des flotteurs à tirant peu profonds fixés à la base de chaque pied de support. La structure est conçue pour se déplacer avec plutôt qu'en opposition aux ondes. Une forme équiaxe supportant un poids minimal par flotteur fournit une fréquence naturelle relativement élevée. Dans un mode de réalisation, un flotteur peu profond est formé par deux sections coniques jointes au niveau de leurs bases.
PCT/US2023/062863 2022-02-22 2023-02-17 Flotteur peu profond pour éolienne en mer à haute fréquence naturelle et courte période naturelle WO2023164412A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US202263312529P 2022-02-22 2022-02-22
US63/312,529 2022-02-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2023164412A1 true WO2023164412A1 (fr) 2023-08-31

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ID=87766677

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2023/062863 WO2023164412A1 (fr) 2022-02-22 2023-02-17 Flotteur peu profond pour éolienne en mer à haute fréquence naturelle et courte période naturelle

Country Status (1)

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WO (1) WO2023164412A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20180134344A1 (en) * 2015-04-20 2018-05-17 University Of Maine System Board Of Trustees Hull for a Floating Wind Turbine Platform
US10308328B2 (en) * 2014-07-01 2019-06-04 Aerodyn Engineering Gmbh Floating wind turbine with a floating foundation, and method for installation of such a wind turbine
WO2020168343A2 (fr) * 2019-02-15 2020-08-20 Northeastern University Éolienne flottante à base large et faible tirant d'eau sans nacelle

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10308328B2 (en) * 2014-07-01 2019-06-04 Aerodyn Engineering Gmbh Floating wind turbine with a floating foundation, and method for installation of such a wind turbine
US20180134344A1 (en) * 2015-04-20 2018-05-17 University Of Maine System Board Of Trustees Hull for a Floating Wind Turbine Platform
WO2020168343A2 (fr) * 2019-02-15 2020-08-20 Northeastern University Éolienne flottante à base large et faible tirant d'eau sans nacelle

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