WO2023162542A1 - カバークロップの生育を終了させる方法 - Google Patents
カバークロップの生育を終了させる方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023162542A1 WO2023162542A1 PCT/JP2023/002017 JP2023002017W WO2023162542A1 WO 2023162542 A1 WO2023162542 A1 WO 2023162542A1 JP 2023002017 W JP2023002017 W JP 2023002017W WO 2023162542 A1 WO2023162542 A1 WO 2023162542A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- salt
- growth
- epirifenacil
- glyphosate
- weeds
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- YMXOXAPKZDWXLY-QWRGUYRKSA-N tribenuron methyl Chemical group COC(=O)[C@H]1CCCC[C@@H]1S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)N(C)C1=NC(C)=NC(OC)=N1 YMXOXAPKZDWXLY-QWRGUYRKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- REEQLXCGVXDJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlopyr Chemical compound OC(=O)COC1=NC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl REEQLXCGVXDJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AKTQJCBOGPBERP-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflusulfuron Chemical compound FC(F)(F)COC1=NC(N(C)C)=NC(NC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2C)C(O)=O)=N1 AKTQJCBOGPBERP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/54—1,3-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P13/00—Herbicides; Algicides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/84—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms six-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,4
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
- A01N57/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- A01N57/20—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds containing acyclic or cycloaliphatic radicals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for terminating the growth of cover crops.
- Non-Patent Document 1 a method of terminating the growth of cover crops.
- Certain compounds are known as herbicides (Patent Documents 1-3).
- An object of the present invention is to provide an effective method for terminating the growth of cover crops.
- the inventors have found that cover crop growth can be effectively terminated by treatment with certain PPO inhibitors.
- the present invention includes the following [1] to [3].
- a method for terminating the growth of a cover crop comprising the step of treating the cover crop with at least one compound selected from epirifenacil, thiafenacil, and trifludimoxazine.
- the cover crop is one or more selected from rye, triticale, barley, oat, wheat, annual ryegrass, radish, turnip, mustard, abyssinian mustard, rapeseed, Nayokusafuji, pea, and crimson clover.
- the present invention makes it possible to effectively terminate the growth of cover crops.
- the method for terminating the growth of cover crops of the present invention comprises applying at least one compound selected from epirifenacil, thiafenacyl, and trifludimoxazine (hereinafter referred to as the present compound) to cover crops. including processing.
- Epirifenacil is a compound described in US Pat. No. 6,537,948 and can be produced by known methods.
- Thiaphenacil is a compound described in US Pat. No. 8,193,198 and can be produced by known methods.
- Trifludimoxazine is a compound described in US Pat. No. 8,754,008 and can be produced by known methods.
- At least three crystal polymorphs with different crystal structures are known for epirifenacil (International Publication No. 2018/178039). At least three crystal polymorphs with different crystal structures are known for trifludimoxazine (WO 2013/174693 and WO 2013/174694).
- the present compound When the present compound is used as a crystal, it may be a single crystal selected from these crystal polymorphs, or a mixture (mixed crystal) of any two or more crystals at any weight ratio.
- the volume median diameter of the crystal particles is usually 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m, preferably 0.2.
- an aqueous liquid suspension having crystal particles with a volume median diameter of 2 to 3 ⁇ m is preferred.
- the particle size distribution of crystals can be expressed on the basis of any percentage other than the median (50%). can also be expressed as
- the density of the crystals (including mixed crystals in any ratio) of the present compound having the specified crystal structure is unique, the volume median diameter expressed by the weight median diameter is substantially the same. , and it can also be expressed as an arbitrary percentage.
- a formulation containing the present compound is usually used as the present compound.
- the compound-containing preparation is a preparation prepared by mixing the present compound with a carrier such as a solid carrier or a liquid carrier, and optionally adding a formulation adjuvant such as a surfactant.
- a formulation adjuvant such as a surfactant.
- Preferred dosage forms of such formulations are aqueous liquid suspensions, oily liquid suspensions, wettable powders, wettable powders, aqueous emulsions, oil emulsions and emulsions, more preferably emulsions and aqueous liquid suspensions. is.
- Cover crops in the method of the present invention are usually grown before or after summer crop harvest (generally between 14 days before summer crop harvest and 28 days after summer crop harvest, preferably between 7 days before summer crop harvest and after summer crop harvest). 14 days) and overwinter to grow.
- One of the significance of cultivating cover crops is to cover the surface of the ground, thereby suppressing weeds growing at the same time as or after the growth of the cover crops, preventing soil runoff from the surface layer, and rainfall on the surface layer. It has effects such as preventing runoff and increasing the biodiversity of agricultural ecosystems.
- Another significance is the development of the root system, which absorbs fertilizer components not absorbed by summer crops and prevents leaching from the soil, improves the physical structure of the soil, and adds nitrogen and other fertilizers to the soil.
- Carbon sequestration effects such as dosing constituents and dosing the soil with organic carbon (including but not limited to humic and fulvic acids) (carbon sequestration).
- carbon sequestration is emphasized from the perspective of climate change countermeasures, which is one of the Sustainable Development Goals. Carbon sequestration is achieved primarily by the development of the root system, but also by above-ground biomass constituting the soil after growth terminates.
- the compound is usually applied to the cover crops before and after the flowering period after the cover crops have overwintered.
- the compounds treated rapidly terminate the cover crop growth, after which the cover crop dies and is usually not harvested or harvested.
- Termination of cover crop growth in the method of the present invention means cessation of further development of cover crop buds (including apical buds, lateral buds and adventitious buds, which may independently be flower buds or vegetative buds). is.
- vegetative buds the end of growth is recognized by the absence of new leaves, and in the case of floral buds, it is recognized by the termination of the processes of flower organ differentiation, bud formation, flowering, and fruiting.
- termination of growth is a phenomenon different from death of an individual, and in the method of the present invention, termination of growth usually occurs before death of an individual.
- the method of the present invention is an effective method for terminating the growth of cover crops.
- the significance of terminating the growth of cover crops is before and after herbicide treatment (generally between 14 days before herbicide treatment and 14 days after herbicide treatment, preferably between 7 days before herbicide treatment and 7 days after herbicide treatment) It improves the workability when reseeding summer crops during the period), promotes seedling establishment of summer crops by removing green shade, and eliminates competition for nutrients and water and competition for light when summer crops grow after seedlings. including removing, etc.
- the significance of rapid termination is that even if the biomass of the cover crop is maximized as much as possible due to the demand for carbon sequestration, then the optimum seeding time for the subsequent summer crops is not lost.
- An increase in the biomass of the cover crop means an improvement in the effect of cultivating the cover crop as described above.
- the biomass may decrease due to the release of the carbon fixed by the cover crop through respiration during the period until the growth is completed after treatment. The biomass does not decrease and may increase during the period to the end of growth. From the end of cover crop growth to the sowing of summer crops, no plowing is usually done.
- Cover crops in the method of the present invention include grasses such as rye (Secale cereale), triticale (Triticale), barley (Hordeum vulgare), oat (Avena sativa), annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), and wheat (Triticum aestivum).
- grasses such as rye (Secale cereale), triticale (Triticale), barley (Hordeum vulgare), oat (Avena sativa), annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), and wheat (Triticum aestivum).
- Ciferous cover crops such as cover crops, radish (Raphanus sativus), turnips (Brassica rapa var.
- rapa mustard (Brassica juncea), Abyssinian mustard (Brassica carinata), and brassica napus (Brassica napus), Vicia villosa , peas (Pisum sativum), and leguminous cover crops such as crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum).
- Intraspecies varieties are not particularly limited in each species of cover crops in the method of the present invention.
- Rye, triticale, barley, oat, and wheat are preferably autumn varieties, but may be spring varieties.
- the radish is preferably a group of varieties such as Tillage Radish, Oilseed Radish, Fodder Radish, Forage Radish, Groundhog Radish, and Nitro Radish, but may be edible Daikon Radish or Hatsuka Radish.
- Canola canola can be canola or non-canola and can be tolerant to certain herbicides.
- the cover crop in the method of the present invention may be sown with a single species or may be sown with a mixture of multiple species.
- mixed sowing include rye + radish (Tillage Radish), barley + radish, rye + radish + crimson clover, rye + rape, oat + peas, rye + peas + crimson clover, rye + peas + yokusafuji + radishes. be able to.
- the method of the present invention can control weeds growing together with the cover crop, and can also prevent weeds that are expected to grow after treatment.
- Summer crops cultivated before and after the method of the present invention include soybean (infinite growth type, limited growth type, semi-limited growth type), corn (horse tooth, hard grain, soft grain, explosive seed, glutinous seeds, sweet seeds), sorghum, cotton (upland seeds, pima seeds), sugar cane, sunflower, and the like.
- Treatment with the present compound is usually carried out by mixing a preparation containing the present compound with water to prepare a spray liquid, and spraying the spray liquid.
- the amount of liquid to be sprayed is not particularly limited, it is usually in the range of 50 to 1000 L/ha, preferably 100 to 500 L/ha, more preferably 140 to 300 L/ha.
- the treatment amount of this compound is generally 1 to 5000 g per 10000 m 2 , preferably 2 to 2000 g per 10000 m 2 , more preferably 5 to 1000 g per 10000 m 2 .
- 5g, 10g, 12.5g, 20g, 25g, 30g, 40g, 60g, 80g and 100g can be mentioned per 10000m2 .
- an adjuvant may be mixed with the preparation containing the present compound.
- the type of adjuvant is not particularly limited, but oil-based such as Agri-Dex and MSO, nonionic (polyoxyethylene ester or ether) such as Induce, anionic (substituted sulfonate) such as Gramin S, Genamin T cationic (polyoxythyleneamine) such as 200BM, organic silicones such as Silwet L77, ammonium sulfate (ammonium sulfate), and urea + ammonium nitrate.
- the pH and hardness of the spray liquid prepared when treating the present compound are not particularly limited, but the pH is usually in the range of 5-9, and the hardness is usually in the range of 0-500.
- the time period for carrying out the method of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is usually in the range of 5:00 am to 9:00 pm, and the photon flux density at the place of treatment is usually 10 to 2500 ⁇ mol/m2/sec.
- the spraying pressure for treating this compound is not particularly limited, but is usually 30 to 120 PSI, preferably 40 to 80 PSI.
- the nozzle used to process the compound in the method of the invention may be a flat fan nozzle or a drift abatement nozzle.
- Flat fan nozzles include Teejt110 series and XR Teejet110 series from Teejet. These are normal spray pressures, typically 30-120 PSI, and the volume median diameter of droplets ejected from the nozzles is typically less than 430 microns.
- a drift-mitigating nozzle is a nozzle that has less drift than a flat-fan nozzle, and is called an air induction nozzle or pre-orifice nozzle.
- the volume median diameter of droplets ejected from drift mitigating nozzles is typically 430 microns or greater.
- the air induction nozzle has an air introduction part between the nozzle inlet (chemical solution introduction part) and the outlet (chemical solution discharge part), and forms air-filled droplets by mixing air into the chemical solution.
- Air induction nozzles include TDXL11003-D, TDXL11004-D1, TDXL11005-D1, TDXL11006-D from Green Leaf Technology, TTI110025, TTI11003, TTI11004, TTI11005, TTI11006, TTI11008 from Teejet, and ULD120-04 from Pentair. 1, ULD120 -051, ULD120-061 and the like. Especially preferred is TTI11004.
- the pre-orifice nozzle has a metering orifice at the entrance of the nozzle (chemical liquid introduction part), which limits the flow rate into the nozzle and reduces the pressure in the nozzle to produce a large droplet. Nozzle to form. According to this, the pressure at the time of ejection is reduced by about half compared to before the introduction.
- Pre-orifice nozzles include Wilger DR110-10, UR110-05, UR110-06, UR110-08, UR110-10, Teejet 1/4TTJ08 Turf Jet, 1/4TTJ04 Turf Jet, and the like.
- the spreader used in the method of the present invention may be a hooded spreader certified by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as drift reduction technology (DRT).
- Hooded sprayers with DRT certification include Willmar Fabrication LLC's REDBALL 642, REDBALL 642E, REDBALL SPK645, REDBALL 645, REDBALL 645T, REDBALL SP645, and REDBALL ATV642.
- the timing of applying this compound to cover crops is the vegetative period, internode elongation period, heading period, flowering period, and ripening period for gramineous cover crops, and the rosette period and bolting period for cruciferous cover crops. , flowering period, ripening period, and in the case of leguminous cover crops, vegetative period, budding period, flowering period, and ripening period. In any case, it is desirable to be before the flowering stage.
- the compound is usually treated once, but may be treated multiple times.
- Urticaceae Weeds Urtica urens Polygonaceae: Polygonum convolvulus, Polygonum lapathifolium, Polygonum pensylvanicum, Polygonum persicaria, Polygonum longisetum, Polygonum aviculare, Polygonum arenastrum ) , Polygonum cuspidatum, Rumex japonicus, Rumex crispus, Rumex obtusifolius, Rumex acetosa Purslane family weed (Portulacaceae): Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) Caryophyllaceae: Stellaria media, Stellaria aquatica, Cerastium holosteoides, Cerastium glomeratum, Spergula arvensis, Silene gallica Molluginaceae Weeds: Mollugo verticillata Chenopodia
- Fabaceae Aeschynomene indica, Aeschynomene rudis, Sesbania exaltata, Cassia obtusifolia, Cassia occidentalis, Desmodium tortuosum, Desmodium adscendens, Desmodium illinoense, Trifolium repens, Pueraria lobata, Vicia angustifolia, Indigofera hirsuta, Indigofera truxillensis, wild cowpea ( Vigna sinensis)
- Oxalidaceae Oxalis corniculata, Oxalis stricta, Oxalis oxyptera
- Geraniaceae American Geranium carolinense, Dutch Geranium cicutarium
- Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae: Euphorbia Helioscopia, Euphorbia Maculata, Euphorbia Humistrata, Euphorb, Euphorb.
- Malvaceae Abutilon theophrasti, Sida rhombifolia, Sida cordifolia, Sida spinosa, Sida glaziovii, Sida santaremnensis ), Hibiscus trionum, Anoda cristata, Malvastrum coromandelianum Onagraceae: Ludwigia epilobioides, Ludwigia octovalvis, Ludwigia decurrens, Oenothera biennis, Oenothera laciniata Sterculiaceae: Waltheria indica Violaceae weeds (Violaceae): Viola violet (Viola arvensis), wild pansy (Viola tricolor) Cucurbitaceae: Cucurbitaceae (Sicyos angulatus), wild cucumber (Echinocystis lobata), wild bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) Lythraceae: Ammannia multiflora, Ammann
- Apiaceae Apiaceae: Apiaceae (Oenanthe javanica), Daucus carota, Conium maculatum Araliaceae Weeds: Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides, Brazilian Hydrocotyle ranunculoides Ceratophyllaceae: Matsumo (Ceratophyllum demersum) Cabombaceae weeds: Cabomba caroliniana Haloragaceae: Myriophyllum aquaticum, Myriophyllum verticillatum, Water Milfoils (Myriophyllum spicatum, Myriophyllum heterophyllum, etc.) Sapindaceae Weeds: Cardiospermum halicacabum Primulaceae Weeds (Primulaceae): Anagallis arvensis Asclepiadaceae: Asclepias syriaca, honeyvine milkweed (Ampelamus albidus) Rubi
- Convolvulaceae Ipomoea nil, Ipomoea hederacea, Ipomoea purpurea, Ipomoea hederacea var. integriuscula, Ipomoea lacunosa, Ipomoea triloba , Ipomoea acuminata, Ipomoea hederifolia, Ipomoea coccinea, Ipomoea quamoclit, Ipomoea grandifolia, Ipomoea aristolochiaefolia, Ipomoea cair ica) , Convolvulus arvensis, Calystegia hederacea, Calystegia japonica, Merremia hederacea, Merremia aegyptia, Roadside Woodrose (Merremia cissoides), Jacquemontia tamnifolia Boraginaceae: Forget-me-nots (My
- Solanaceae Datura stramonium, Solanum nigrum, Solanum americanum, Solanum ptycanthum, Solanum sarrachoides, Solanum rostratum , Solanum aculeatissimum, Wild tomato (Solanum sisymbriifolium), Solanum carolinense, Physalis anulata, Smooth ground cherry (Physalis subglabrata), Nicandra physalodes Scrophulariaceae: Scrophulariaceae: Veronica hederaefolia, Veronica persica, Veronica arvensis, Lindernia procumbens, Lindernia dubia, Lindernia angustifolia, Bacopa rotundifolia, Abnormal (Dopatrium junceum), Giant Abalone (Gratiola japonica), Plantaginaceae: Plantago asiatica, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago major, Callitriche palustri
- Asteraceae Xanthium pensylvanicum, Xanthium occidentale, Xanthium italicum, Helianthus annuus, Matricaria chamomilla, Matricaria perforata, Chrysanthemum segetum ), Matricaria matricarioides, Artemisia princeps, Artemisia vulgaris, Chinese mugwort (Artemisia verlotorum), Solidago altissima, Taraxacum officinale, Galinsoga ciliata, red daisy (Galinsoga parviflora), Senecio vulgaris, Senecio brasiliensis, Senecio grisebachii, Conyza bonariensis, Conyza smatrensis, Conyza canadensis, Hogweed Sa (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) , Ambrosia trifida, Bidens tripartita, Bidens pilosa, Bi
- Alismataceae Sagittaria pygmaea, Sagittaria trifolia, Sagittaria sagittifolia, Sagittaria montevidensis, Sagittaria aginashi, Alisma canaliculatum, Alisma plantago- aquatica)
- Limnocharitaceae Limnocharis flava Hydrocharitaceae: frogbits (Limnobium spongia), black moths (Hydrilla verticillata), common water nymphs (Najas guadalupensis)
- Araceae Pistia stratiotes Duckweed (Lemnaceae): Lemna aoukikusa, Lemna paucicostata, Lemna aequinoctialis, Spirodela polyrhiza, Wolffia spp Potamogetonaceae: Potamogeton distinctus, Pondweeds (Potamogeton
- Poaceae Echinochloa crus-galli, Echinochloa oryzicola, Echinochloa crus-galli var formosensis, Echinochloa oryzoides, Echinochloa colona, Gulf cockspur Echinochloa crus-pavonis), Setaria viridis, Setaria faberi, Setaria glauca, Setaria geniculata, Digitaria ciliaris, Large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), Jamaican crabgrass ( Digitaria horizontalis, Digitaria insularis, Eleusine indica, Poa annua, Poa trivialis, Poa pratensis, Alopecurus aequalis, Alopecurus myosuroides ), oats (Avena fatua), Sorghum halepense, Sorghum vulgare, Agropyron repens, Lolium multiflorum, Lolium perenne, Lolium rigid
- Cyperaceae weeds (Cyperaceae): Cyperus microiria, Cyperus iria, Cyperus compressus, Cyperus difformis, Cyperus flaccidus, Cyperus globosus, Cyperus nipponicus , king palm tree Cyperus odoratus, Cyperus serotinus, Cyperus rotundus, Cyperus esculentus, Kyllinga gracillima, Kyllinga brevifolia, Fimbristylis miliacea, Fimbristylis dichotoma, Eleo charis acicularis, Eleocharis kuroguwai, Schoenoplectiella hotarui, Schoenoplectiella juncoides, Schoenoplectiella wallichii, Schoenoplectiella cronatus, Schoenoplectiella triangulatus, Schoenoplectiella nipp onicus), Schoen
- Intraspecies variation is not particularly limited for the above weeds. In other words, it also includes those that have decreased sensitivity (also referred to as exhibiting resistance) to a specific herbicide. Decreased susceptibility may be due to mutations at the target site (point of action mutations) or may be due to factors other than point of action mutations (non-point of action mutations). Point-of-action mutations are mutations in the nucleic acid sequence (open reading frame) corresponding to the amino acid sequence of the protein, resulting in amino acid substitutions in the protein that is the target site, deletion of suppressor sequences in the promoter region, and deletion of enhancer sequences. It includes those in which the protein at the target site is overexpressed due to mutation such as amplification or increased copy number of the gene.
- Factors that reduce susceptibility due to non-action point mutations include metabolic enhancement, malabsorption, translocation, and excretion.
- metabolic enhancement factors include increased activity of metabolic enzymes such as cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, arylacyl amidase, esterase, and glutathione S transferase.
- Out-of-system excretion includes transportation to vacuoles by ABC transporters.
- herbicide-resistant weeds include: Glyphosate resistance: Examples of reduced susceptibility of weeds due to point-of-action mutations include weeds having mutations that cause one or more of the following amino acid substitutions in the EPSPS gene. Thr102Ile, Pro106Ser, Pro106Ala, Pro106Leu, Pro106Thr.
- Glyphosate-resistant goosegrass, barley, barley, barley, Bidens subalternans, etc. having these point-of-action mutations are included.
- a case of glyphosate resistance due to a point-of-action mutation is an increase in the copy number of the EPSPS gene (PNAS, 2018 115 (13) 3332-3337).
- Glyphosate-resistant plants such as Ohonaga Aogeito, water hemp, and Hokigi, which have an increased copy number of the EPSPS gene, can be mentioned.
- Examples of weed susceptibility reduction by non-action point mutations include ABC transporter-mediated glyphosate-tolerant wormwood, Arctinophyllum, and Arctinophyllum. Furthermore, as a non-action point mutation, the increased expression of aldoketo reductase is known to reduce the sensitivity to glyphosate (Plant Physiology 181, 1519-1534).
- ALS-inhibiting herbicide resistance Examples of weeds with reduced susceptibility due to point-of-action mutations include weeds with mutations that cause one or more of the following amino acid substitutions in the ALS gene.
- ALS inhibitor-resistant strains that have these point-of-action mutations, such as ALS inhibitor-resistant Aogera spp.
- Examples of weed susceptibility reduction by non-action point mutations include CYP- or GST-mediated weeds that have become resistant to ALS inhibitors. Known examples of these include Bomugi with overexpression of CYP81A10 and CYP81A1v1, Rhinoceros barnacle with overexpression of CYP81A12 and CYP81A21, and Pleurotus thunbergii with overexpression of GSTF1 and GSTU2.
- ACCase inhibitor resistance Examples of weeds with reduced susceptibility due to point-of-action mutations include weeds with mutations that cause one or more of the following amino acid substitutions in the ACCase gene.
- weed susceptibility reduction by non-action point mutations include CYP- or GST-mediated weeds that have become resistant to ACCase inhibitors.
- PPO inhibitor resistance Examples of reduced susceptibility of weeds due to point-of-action mutations include weeds with mutations that cause one or more of the following amino acid substitutions in the PPO gene, which are resistant to carfentrazone-ethyl, fomesafen, and lactofen. known as sex mutations or predicted to be resistance mutations.
- Weed PPO genes usually include the PPO1 gene and the PPO2 gene, and the mutation may be in either the PPO1 gene, the PPO2 gene, or both.
- the PPO2 gene has a mutation.
- Arg128Met means that the 128th amino acid is mutated.
- this mutation corresponds to position 98 (Weed Science 60, 335-344) and is known as Arg98Leu, which is the same as Arg128 herein.
- Arg128Met and Arg128Gly are known in Pest Management Science 73, 1559-1563, and Arg128Gly is known in PPO2 of water hemp (Pest Management Science 2019; 75: 3235-3244), Arg128Ile and Arg128Lys are known as PPO2 in water hemp (Pest Management Science, 2019; 75: 3235-3244), and Arg128His is known as Arg132His in PPO2 of barley (WSSA annual meeting, 2018), Gly114Glu, Ser149Ile, and Gly399Ala are known in PPO2 of Eurasian thunbergii (Frontiers in Plant Science 10, Article 568), Ala210Thr is known as Ala212Thr in PPO1 of goosegrass (Pest Management Science, doi: 10.1002).
- PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds to be controlled are not limited to these.
- non-action point mutations dicamba-resistant bonigaerum and 2,4-D-resistant water hemp, which are suggested to be involved in CYP, are known.
- Non-acting point mutations involving GST are also included.
- HPPD inhibitor resistance examples of non-action point mutations that reduce the susceptibility of weeds include water hemp and Phyllanthus japonicum, which are CYP- or GST-mediated and resistant to HPPD inhibitors.
- Photosystem II inhibitor resistance Examples of weeds with reduced susceptibility due to point-of-action mutations include weeds with mutations that cause one or more of the following amino acid substitutions in the psbA gene. Val219Ile, Ser264Gly, Ser264Ala, Phe274Val. There are photosystem II inhibitor-resistant Elephantia japonicum and water hemp that have these point-of-action mutations. Examples of non-action point mutations that reduce susceptibility of weeds include CYP, GST, or AAA-mediated resistance to photosystem II inhibitors, such as Phyllostachys albicans and water hemp. As an example thereof, CYP71R4-overexpressed P. barley is known.
- Glutamate synthase inhibitor resistance Weeds with mutations that induce amino acid substitutions of Asp171Asn and Ser59Gly in the glutamine synthetase gene are examples of weeds with reduced susceptibility due to point-of-action mutations.
- non-action point mutations that reduce the susceptibility of weeds include CYP- or GST-mediated glufosinate-tolerant plants such as Phyllanthus japonicum and water hemp.
- Apocynaceae overexpressing CYP72A219, CYP81B and CYP81E8 there is known Apocynaceae overexpressing CYP72A219, CYP81B and CYP81E8.
- Two or more of the above groups (arbitrarily selected group 2, arbitrarily selected group 3, arbitrarily selected group 4, arbitrarily selected group 5, arbitrarily , arbitrarily selected group 7, group 8).
- Water hemp which is resistant to photosystem II inhibitors, HPPD inhibitors, 2,4-D, PPO inhibitors, ALS inhibitors and glyphosate, is known as an example of a stuck resistant weed.
- the above stack may be a combination of action point mutations, a combination of non-action point mutations, or a combination of action and non-action point mutations.
- Herbicides glyphosate and its salts (isopropylammonium salt, ammonium salt, potassium salt, guanidine salt, dimethylamine salt, monoethanolamine salt, choline salt, BAPMA (N,N-bis-(aminopropyl)methylamine ) salts, 2,4-D and their salts or esters (triethanolamine salts, ammonium salts, butethyl esters, 2-butoxypropyl esters, butyl esters, diethylammonium salts, dimethylammonium salts, diolamine salts, dodecyl ammonium salts , ethyl ester, 2-ethylhexyl ester, heptyl ammonium salt, isobutyl ester, isoc
- herbicide Z examples of combinations with herbicides that can be used in combination with the present compound are given below, but are not limited to these.
- the ratio of herbicide Z to the present compound is usually in the range of 0.01 to 1000 parts by weight, preferably 0.1 to 300 parts by weight.
- the active ingredient of the herbicide is a salt (eg, glyphosate potassium salt, 2,4-D choline salt or dicamba BAPMA salt)
- the weight means the acid equivalent unless otherwise specified.
- More preferred specific combinations for the combined use of this compound and one or more herbicides Z are epirifenacil (20) + dicambadiglycolamine salt (560), epirifenacil (20) + dicamba BAPMA salt (560) ), epirifenacil (20) plus dicamba TBA salt (560), and epirifenacil (20) plus dicamba TBP salt (560). Numbers in parentheses are preferred treatment amounts (g/ha).
- a more preferred specific combination for the combined use of this compound and one or more herbicides Z is epirifenacil (20) + glyphosate monoethanolamine salt (1261) + dicambadiglycolamine salt (560), epirifenacil (20) + glyphosate monoethanolamine salt (1261) + dicamba BAPMA salt (560), epirifenacil (20) + glyphosate monoethanolamine salt (1261) + dicamba TBA salt (560), and epirifenacil (20) + glyphosate monoethanolamine Amine salt (1261) + dicamba TBP salt (560). Numbers in parentheses are preferred treatment amounts (g/ha).
- a more preferred specific combination for the combined use of this compound and one or more herbicides Z is epirifenacil (20) + flumioxazin (89) + dicambadiglycolamine salt (1261), epirifenacil (20) + flumioxazin (89) + dicamba BAPMA salt (560), epirifenacil (20) + flumioxazin (89) + dicamba TBA salt (560), and epirifenacil (20) + flumioxazin (89) + dicamba TBP salt (560) is. Numbers in parentheses are preferred treatment amounts (g/ha).
- a more preferred specific combination for the combined use of this compound and one or more herbicides Z is epirifenacil (20) + flumioxazin (89) + glyphosate potassium salt (1261) + dicambadiglycolamine salt ( 560), epirifenacil (20) + flumioxazin (89) + glyphosate potassium salt (1261) + dicamba BAPMA salt (560), epirifenacil (20) + flumioxazin (89) + glyphosate potassium salt (1261) + dicamba TBA salt ( 560), and epirifenacil (20) + flumioxazin (89) + glyphosate potassium salt (1261) + dicamba TBP salt (560). Numbers in parentheses are preferred treatment amounts (g/ha).
- a more preferred specific combination for the combined use of this compound and one or more herbicides Z is epirifenacil (20) + flumioxazin (89) + glyphosate monoethanolamine salt (1261) + dicambadiglycolamine salt (560), epirifenacil (20) + flumioxazin (89) + glyphosate monoethanolamine salt (1261) + dicamba BAPMA salt (560), epirifenacil (20) + flumioxazin (89) + glyphosate monoethanolamine salt (1261) ) + dicamba TBA salt (560), and epirifenacil (20) + flumioxazin (89) + glyphosate monoethanolamine salt (1261) + dicamba TBP salt (560). Numbers in parentheses are preferred treatment amounts (g/ha).
- Specific combinations that are more preferred when the present compound is used in combination with one or more herbicides Z include epirifenacil (20) + 2,4-D choline salt (1065), epirifenacil (20) + 2,4-D dimethylamine salt (1065), epirifenacil (20) + 2,4-D triethanolamine salt (1065), and epirifenacil (20) + 2,4-D 2-ethylhexyl (1065). Numbers in parentheses are preferred treatment amounts (g/ha).
- a more preferred specific combination for the combined use of this compound and one or more herbicides Z is epirifenacil (20) + glyphosate potassium salt (1261) + 2,4-D choline salt (1065), epirifenacil ( 20) + glyphosate potassium salt (1261) + 2,4-D dimethylamine salt (1065), epirifenacil (20) + glyphosate potassium salt (1261) + 2,4-D triethanolamine salt (1065), and epilifenacil (20) + glyphosate potassium salt (1261) + 2,4-D 2-ethylhexyl (1065). Numbers in parentheses are preferred treatment amounts (g/ha).
- a more preferred specific combination for the combined use of this compound and one or more herbicides Z is epirifenacil (20) + glyphosate monoethanolamine salt (1261) + 2,4-D choline salt (1065), Epirifenacil (20) + glyphosate monoethanolamine salt (1261) + 2,4-D dimethylamine salt (1065), Epirifenacil (20) + glyphosate monoethanolamine salt (1261) + 2,4-D triethanolamine salt (1065) , and epirifenacil (20) + glyphosate monoethanolamine salt (1261) + 2,4-D 2-ethylhexyl (1065). Numbers in parentheses are preferred treatment amounts (g/ha).
- a more preferred specific combination for the combined use of this compound and one or more herbicides Z is epirifenacil (20) + flumioxazin (89) + 2,4-D choline salt (1065), epirifenacil (20 ) + flumioxazin (89) + 2,4-D dimethylamine salt (1065), and epirifenacil (20) + flumioxazin (89) + 2,4-D 2-ethylhexyl (1065). Numbers in parentheses are preferred treatment amounts (g/ha).
- a more preferred specific combination for the combined use of this compound and one or more herbicides Z is epirifenacil (20) + flumioxazin (89) + glyphosate potassium salt (1261) + 2,4-D choline salt (1065), epirifenacil (20) + flumioxazin (89) + glyphosate potassium salt (1261) + 2,4-D dimethylamine salt (1065), and epilifenacil (20) + flumioxazin (89) + glyphosate potassium salt (1261) ) + 2,4-D 2-ethylhexyl (1065). Numbers in parentheses are preferred treatment amounts (g/ha).
- a more preferred specific combination for the combined use of this compound and one or more herbicides Z is epirifenacil (20) + flumioxazin (89) + glyphosate monoethanolamine salt (1261) + 2,4-D Choline salt (1065), epirifenacil (20) + flumioxazin (89) + glyphosate monoethanolamine salt (1261) + 2,4-D dimethylamine salt (1065), and epilifenacil (20) + flumioxazin (89) + glyphosate Monoethanolamine salt (1261) + 2,4-D 2-ethylhexyl (1065). Numbers in parentheses are preferred treatment amounts (g/ha).
- drift reduction agent is Intact (registered trademark) (manufactured by Precision Laboratories, LLC), a drift reduction registered as a Drift Reduction Adjuvant on the website (https://www.xtendimaxapplicationrequirements.com/#/search) is an agent.
- Example 1 Epirifenacil emulsion (55 g/L) was diluted with water containing 0.5% (v/v) of adjuvant MSO + 1% (w/v) of ammonium sulfate during the heading stage of overwintered rye sown in autumn in an outdoor maize cultivation site. Then, the rye is foliage treated with a boom sprayer so that the spray volume is 189 L/ha and the amount of epirifenacil is 40 g/ha. It was observed that the growth of rye completely stopped the day after the treatment, and that the rye died 4 days after the treatment.
- Example 2 Epirifenacil emulsion (55 g/L), adjuvant Agri-Dex 0.5% (v/v) + ammonium sulfate 1% (w /v) and foliage treatment of radish with a boom sprayer at a spray volume of 150 L/ha and epirifenacil of 20 g/ha. It was observed that the growth of the radish completely stopped the day after the treatment, and that the radish died 3 days after the treatment.
- Example 3 Epirifenacil emulsion (55 g/L), adjuvant Agri-Dex 0.5% (v/v) + ammonium sulfate 1% (w/v) during the internode elongation period of autumn-seeded and overwintered barley in an outdoor maize cultivation site 250L/ha spray volume and 30g/ha of epirifenacil. It was observed that the growth of barley completely stopped the day after the treatment, and that the barley died 4 days after the treatment.
- Example 4-6 In Examples 1-3, RoundupPowerMax (glyphosate potassium salt 660 g/L) is added to 32 fluid ounces/acre (1543 g/ha as glyphosate potassium salt) and the same procedure is carried out.
- RoundupPowerMax glyphosate potassium salt 660 g/L
- Example 7 Soil was packed in a plastic pot and rye seeds were sown and cultivated in a greenhouse. Fifteen days after seeding, RoundupPowerMax was diluted with water and foliage was treated from above with an automatic sprayer at a spraying rate of 200 L/ha so that the treated amount of glyphosate potassium salt was 1543 g/ha. At the same time, rye was similarly sown in another plastic pot and grown. Epirifenacil emulsion (55 g/L) or saflufenacil suspension (341 g/L) was diluted with water containing 1% (v/v) of the adjuvant Agri-Dex 21 days after sowing, resulting in a treatment amount of 25 g/ha.
- the foliage was treated from above with an automatic sprayer at a spray volume of 200 L/ha. After the herbicide treatment, the rye was grown in a greenhouse, and when the growth was completed, the above-ground part was harvested and the dry weight was measured. In this test, it was determined that the growth was completed when death of the apical bud and lateral bud was visually observed. Table 1 shows the start date of the effect, the end date of growth, and the dry weight at the end of growth. Whether or not the effect was expressed was determined by visually observing the change in leaf color. Three pots were used for each herbicide treatment. The start date of the effect and the end date of growth in the table were the dates when the effect was manifested and the end of growth was confirmed in all three pots.
- the dry weight was the average of 3 pots. Epirifenacil terminated rye growth 3 days after treatment. In addition, even if the period from sowing to the end of growth of rye was the same, when epirifenacil was treated, the biomass was larger than when glyphosate potassium salt was treated because the treatment time was later. When the rye was treated with saflufenacil, it was observed up to 50 days after seeding, but the growth of rye could not be terminated.
- Example 8 Plastic pots were filled with soil, and edible Daikon Radish was sown and grown in a greenhouse. Fifteen days after seeding, RoundupPowerMax was diluted with water and foliage was treated from above with an automatic sprayer at a spraying rate of 200 L/ha so that the treated amount of glyphosate potassium salt was 1543 g/ha. At the same time, radishes were similarly sown in another plastic pot and grown. 21 days after sowing, the epirifenacil emulsion (55 g/L) was diluted with water containing 1% (v/v) of the adjuvant Agri-Dex, and the spray volume was 200 L/ha so that the treatment amount was 25 g/ha.
- foliage was treated from above with an automatic sprayer. After the herbicide treatment, the radish was grown in a greenhouse, and when the growth was completed, the whole plant was dug up and the dry weight was measured. In this test, it was determined that the growth was completed when death of the apical bud and lateral bud was visually observed.
- Table 2 shows the start date of the effect, the end date of growth, and the dry weight at the end of growth. Whether or not the effect was expressed was determined by visually observing the change in leaf color. Three pots were used for each herbicide treatment. The start date of the effect and the end date of growth in the table were the dates when the effect was manifested and the end of growth was confirmed in all three pots. The dry weight was the average of 3 pots.
- Epirifenacil terminated the growth of radish 3 days after treatment. In addition, even if the period from sowing to the end of growth of rye was the same, when epirifenacil was treated, the biomass was larger than when glyphosate potassium salt was treated because the treatment time was later.
- Example 9 Soil was packed in plastic pots and rye seeds were sown and cultivated outdoors. RoundupPowerMax was diluted with water 24 days after sowing, and foliage was treated from above with an automatic sprayer at a spray rate of 200 L/ha so that the treated amount of glyphosate potassium salt was 1543 g/ha. At the same time, rye was similarly sown in another plastic pot and grown. Epirifenacil emulsion (55 g/L) or saflufenacil suspension (341 g/L) was diluted with water containing 1% (v/v) of the adjuvant Agri-Dex 24 days after sowing, resulting in a treatment amount of 20 g/ha.
- the foliage was treated from above with an automatic sprayer at a spray volume of 200 L/ha.
- rye was similarly sown in another plastic pot and grown. Twenty-four days after seeding, the above-ground part was harvested and the dry matter weight (hereinafter referred to as untreated dry matter weight) was measured.
- the herbicide-treated rye was grown outdoors after the herbicide treatment, and when the growth was completed, the above-ground part was cut off at the end of growth and the dry weight was measured. In this test, it was determined that the growth was completed when death of the apical bud and lateral bud was visually observed. Table 3 shows the start date of the effect, the end date of growth, and the incremental dry weight.
- Incremental dry weight Average dry weight at the end of growth - Average untreated dry weight 24 days after seeding Average dry weight at the end of growth: Average dry weight of 7 pots at the end of growth Average 24 days after seeding Untreated Dry Weight: Average of 7 Pots of Untreated Dry Weight Epirifenacil terminated rye growth 7 days after treatment while increasing biomass. On the other hand, glyphosate potassium salt terminated rye growth 21 days after treatment and reduced biomass. Saflufenacil was observed up to 28 days after treatment but failed to terminate rye growth.
- Example 10 Plastic pots were filled with soil, and edible Daikon Radish was sown and grown outdoors. RoundupPowerMax was diluted with water 24 days after sowing, and foliage was treated from above with an automatic sprayer at a spray rate of 200 L/ha so that the treated amount of glyphosate potassium salt was 1543 g/ha. At the same time, radishes were similarly sown in another plastic pot and grown. 24 days after seeding, the epirifenacil emulsion (55 g/L) was diluted with water containing 1% (v/v) of the adjuvant Agri-Dex, and the spray volume was 200 L/ha so that the treatment amount was 20 g/ha. , foliage was treated from above with an automatic sprayer.
- RoundupPowerMax was diluted with water 24 days after sowing, and foliage was treated from above with an automatic sprayer at a spray rate of 200 L/ha so that the treated amount of glyphosate potassium salt was 1543 g/ha.
- radishes
- the start date of the effect expression and the end date of growth in the table were the dates when the effect expression and the end of growth were confirmed in all 7 pots, respectively.
- the incremental dry weight was a value calculated by the following formula (2).
- Incremental dry weight Average dry weight at the end of growth - Average untreated dry weight 24 days after seeding Average dry weight at the end of growth: Average dry weight of 7 pots at the end of growth Average 24 days after seeding Untreated dry weight: Mean value of 7 pots of untreated dry weight Epirifenacil terminated the growth of radish 7 days after treatment while increasing biomass. On the other hand, glyphosate potassium salt was observed up to 28 days after treatment, but could not terminate the growth of radish.
- the present invention can effectively terminate the growth of cover crops.
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、以下の[1]~[3]を含む。
[2] 前記カバークロップが、ライムギ、ライコムギ、オオムギ、エンバク、コムギ、1年生ライグラス、ダイコン、カブ、カラシナ、アビシニアカラシ、セイヨウアブラナ、ナヨクサフジ、エンドウ、およびクリムゾンクローバーから選ばれる1つまたは2つ以上である[1]に記載の方法。
[3] エピリフェナシルを処理する[1]に記載の方法。
本化合物の処理量は、通常10000m2あたり1~5000g、好ましくは10000m2あたり2~2000g、より好ましくは10000m2あたり5~1000gである。具体的には、10000m2あたり、5g、10g、12.5g、20g、25g、30g、40g、60g、80g、および100gを挙げることができる。
なお、本発明方法においては、本化合物含有製剤にアジュバントを混合して処理してもよい。アジュバントの種類は、特に限定されないが、Agri-Dex、MSO等のオイル系、Induce等のノニオン系(ポリオキシエチレンのエステルまたはエーテル)、グラミンS等のアニオン系(置換スルホン酸塩)、Genamin T 200BM等のカチオン系(ポリオキシチレンアミン)、Silwet L77等の有機シリコーン系、硫酸アンモニウム(硫安)、尿素+硝酸アンモニウムが挙げられる。
本化合物を処理する際に調製される散布液のpHや硬度は特に限定されないが、通常pH5-9の範囲であり、硬度は通常0~500の範囲である。
本発明方法を実施する時間帯は特に限定されないが、通常午前5時-午後9時の範囲であり、処理する場所における光量子束密度は通常10~2500マイクロモル/平米/秒である。
本化合物を処理する際の散布圧は特に限定されないが、通常30~120PSI、好ましくは40~80PSIである。
エアインダクションノズルは、ノズルの入口(薬液導入部)と出口(薬液吐出部)との間に空気導入部を有し、薬液に空気を混入させることにより空気で満たされた液滴を形成するノズルである。エアインダクションノズルとしては、Green Leaf Technology社のTDXL11003-D、TDXL11004-D1、TDXL11005-D1、TDXL11006-D、Teejet社のTTI110025、TTI11003、TTI11004、TTI11005、TTI11006、TTI11008、Pentair社のULD120-041、ULD120-051、ULD120-061などが挙げられる。特に望ましくは、TTI11004である。
プレオリフィスノズルは、ノズルの入口(薬液導入部)が、計量口(metering orifice)となっており、これがノズル内に流入する流量を制限し、ノズル内の圧力を低下させることによって大きな液滴を形成するノズルである。これによれば吐出時に導入前と比べおよそ圧力が半減する。プレオリフィスノズルとしては、Wilger社のDR110-10、UR110-05、UR110-06、UR110-08、UR110-10、Teejet社の1/4TTJ08 Turf Jet、1/4TTJ04 Turf Jetなどが挙げられる。
イラクサ科雑草(Urticaceae):ヒメイラクサ(Urtica urens)
タデ科雑草(Polygonaceae):ソバカズラ(Polygonum convolvulus)、サナエタデ(Polygonum lapathifolium)、アメリカサナエタデ(Polygonum pensylvanicum)、ハルタデ(Polygonum persicaria)、イヌタデ(Polygonum longisetum)、ミチヤナギ(Polygonum aviculare)、ハイミチヤナギ(Polygonum arenastrum)、イタドリ(Polygonum cuspidatum)、ギシギシ(Rumex japonicus)、ナガバギシギシ(Rumex crispus)、エゾノギシギシ(Rumex obtusifolius)、スイバ(Rumex acetosa)
スベリヒユ科雑草(Portulacaceae):スベリヒユ(Portulaca oleracea)
ナデシコ科雑草(Caryophyllaceae):ハコベ(Stellaria media)、ウシハコベ(Stellaria aquatica)、ミミナグサ(Cerastium holosteoides)、オランダミミナグサ(Cerastium glomeratum)、オオツメクサ(Spergula arvensis)、マンテマ(Silene gallica)
ザクロソウ科雑草(Molluginaceae):クルマバザクロウソウ(Mollugo verticillata)
アカザ科雑草(Chenopodiaceae):シロザ(Chenopodium album)、ケアリタソウ(Chenopodium ambrosioides)、ホウキギ(Kochia scoparia)、ノハラヒジキ(Salsola kali)、アトリプレックス属(Atriplex spp.)
ケシ科雑草(Papaveraceae):ヒナゲシ(Papaver rhoeas)、ナガミヒナゲシ(Papaver dubium)、アザミゲシ(Argemone mexicana)
アブラナ科雑草(Brassicaceae):セイヨウノダイコン(Raphanus raphanistrum)、ラディッシュ(Raphanus sativus)、ノハラガラシ(Sinapis arvensis)、ナズナ(Capsella bursa-pastoris)、セイヨウカラシナ(Brassica juncea)、セイヨウアブラナ(Brassica napus)、ヒメクジラグサ(Descurainia pinnata)、スカシタゴボウ(Rorippa islandica)、キレハイヌガラシ(Rorippa sylvestris)、グンバイナズナ(Thlaspi arvense)、ミヤガラシ(Myagrum rugosum)、マメグンバイナズナ(Lepidium virginicum)、カラクサナズナ(Coronopus didymus)
フウチョウソウ科雑草(Capparaceae):クレオメ アフィニス(Cleome affinis)
カタバミ科雑草(Oxalidaceae):カタバミ(Oxalis corniculata)、オッタチカタバミ(Oxalis stricta)、オキザリス オキシプテラ(Oxalis oxyptera)
フウロソウ科雑草(Geraniaceae):アメリカフウロ(Geranium carolinense)、オランダフウロ(Erodium cicutarium)
トウダイグサ科雑草(Euphorbiaceae):トウダイグサ(Euphorbia helioscopia)、オオニシキソウ(Euphorbia maculata)、コニシキソウ(Euphorbia humistrata)、ハギクソウ(Euphorbia esula)、ショウジョウソウ(Euphorbia heterophylla)、ヒソップリーフサンドマット(Euphorbia brasiliensis)、エノキグサ(Acalypha australis)、トロピッククロトン(Croton glandulosus)、ロブドクロトン(Croton lobatus)、ブラジルコミカンソウ(Phyllanthus corcovadensis)、トウゴマ(Ricinus communis)
アカバナ科雑草(Onagraceae):チョウジタデ(Ludwigia epilobioides)、キダチグンバイ(Ludwigia octovalvis)、ヒレタゴボウ(Ludwigia decurrens)メマツヨイグサ(Oenothera biennis)、コマツヨイグサ(Oenothera laciniata)
アオギリ科雑草(Sterculiaceae):コバンバノキ(Waltheria indica)
スミレ科雑草(Violaceae):マキバスミレ(Viola arvensis)、ワイルドパンジー(Viola tricolor)
ウリ科雑草(Cucurbitaceae):アレチウリ(Sicyos angulatus)、ワイルドキューカンバー(Echinocystis lobata)、野生ニガウリ(Momordica charantia)
ミソハギ科雑草(Lythraceae):ヒメミソハギ(Ammannia multiflora)、ナンゴクヒメミソハギ(Ammannia auriculata)、ホソバヒメミソハギ(Ammannia coccinea)、エゾミソハギ(Lythrum salicaria)、キカシグサ(Rotala indica)
ミゾハコベ科雑草(Elatinaceae):ミゾハコベ(Elatine triandra)、カリフォルニアウォーターウォート(Elatine californica)
ウコギ科雑草(Araliaceae):チドメグサ(Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides)、ブラジルチドメグサ(Hydrocotyle ranunculoides)
マツモ科雑草(Ceratophyllaceae):マツモ(Ceratophyllum demersum)
ハゴロモモ科雑草(Cabombaceae):ハゴロモモ(Cabomba caroliniana)
アリノトウグサ科雑草(Haloragaceae):オオフサモ(Myriophyllum aquaticum)、フサモ(Myriophyllum verticillatum)、ウォーターミルフォイル類(Myriophyllum spicatum、Myriophyllum heterophyllum等)
ムクロジ科雑草(Sapindaceae):フウセンカズラ(Cardiospermum halicacabum)
サクラソウ科雑草(Primulaceae):アカバナルリハコベ(Anagallis arvensis)
ガガイモ科雑草(Asclepiadaceae):オオトウワタ(Asclepias syriaca)、ハニーヴァインミルクウィード(Ampelamus albidus)
アカネ科雑草(Rubiaceae):キャッチウィードベッドストロー(Galium aparine)、ヤエムグラ(Galium spurium var. echinospermon)、ヒロハフタバムグラ(Spermacoce latifolia)、ブラジルハシカグサモドキ(Richardia brasiliensis)、ウィングドファルスボタンウィード(Borreria alata)
ムラサキ科雑草(Boraginaceae):ワスレナグサ(Myosotis arvensis)
シソ科雑草(Lamiaceae):ヒメオドリコソウ(Lamium purpureum)、ホトケノザ(Lamium amplexicaule)、タマザキメハジキ(Leonotis nepetaefolia)、ニオイニガクサ(Hyptis suaveolens)、ヒプティス ロファンタ(Hyptis lophanta)、メハジキ(Leonurus sibiricus)、ヤブチョロギ(Stachys arvensis)
ゴマノハグサ科雑草(Scrophulariaceae):フラサバソウ(Veronica hederaefolia)、オオイヌノフグリ(Veronica persica)、タチイヌノフグリ(Veronica arvensis)、アゼナ(Lindernia procumbens)、アメリカアゼナ(Lindernia dubia)、アゼトウガラシ(Lindernia angustifolia)、ウキアゼナ(Bacopa rotundifolia)、アブノメ(Dopatrium junceum)、オオアブノメ(Gratiola japonica)、
オオバコ科雑草(Plantaginaceae):オオバコ(Plantago asiatica)、ヘラオオバコ(Plantago lanceolata)、セイヨウオオバコ(Plantago major)、ミズハコベ(Callitriche palustris)
キバナオモダカ科(Limnocharitaceae):キバナオモダカ(Limnocharis flava)
トチカガミ科雑草(Hydrocharitaceae):フロッグビット(Limnobium spongia)、クロモ(Hydrilla verticillata)、コモンウォーターニンフ(Najas guadalupensis)
サトイモ科雑草(Araceae):ボタンウキクサ(Pistia stratiotes)
ウキクサ科雑草(Lemnaceae):アオウキクサ(Lemna aoukikusa, Lemna paucicostata, Lemna aequinoctialis)、ウキクサ(Spirodela polyrhiza)、ミジンコウキクサ属(Wolffia spp)
ヒルムシロ科雑草(Potamogetonaceae):ヒルムシロ(Potamogeton distinctus)、ポンドウィード類(Potamogeton crispus、Potamogeton illinoensis、Stuckenia pectinata等)
ユリ科雑草(Liliaceae):ワイルドオニオン(Allium canadense)、ワイルドガーリック(Allium vineale)、ノビル(Allium macrostemon)
ミズアオイ科雑草(Pontederiaceae):ホテイアオイ(Eichhornia crassipes)、アメリカコナギ(Heteranthera limosa)、ミズアオイ(Monochoria korsakowii)、コナギ(Monochoria vaginalis)
ツユクサ科雑草(Commelinaceae):ツユクサ(Commelina communis)、マルバツユクサ(Commelina benghalensis)、エレクトデイフラワー(Commelina erecta)、イボクサ(Murdannia keisak)
トクサ科雑草(Equisetaceae):スギナ(Equisetum arvense)、イヌスギナ(Equisetum palustre)
サンショウモ科雑草(Salviniaceae):サンショウモ(Salvinia natans)
アカウキクサ科雑草(Azollaceae):オオアカウキクサ(Azolla japonica)、アカウキクサ(Azolla pinnata)
デンジソウ科(Marsileaceae):デンジソウ(Marsilea quadrifolia)
その他:糸状藻類(Pithophora、Cladophora)、蘚類、苔類、ツノゴケ類、シアノバクテリア、シダ類、永年性作物(仁果類、石果類、液果類、堅果類、カンキツ類、ホップ、ブドウ等)の吸枝(sucker)。
非作用点変異による感受性低下の要因としては代謝増強、吸収不全、移行不全、系外排出などがある。代謝増強の要因の例としては、シトクロムP450モノオキシゲナーゼ、アリールアシルアミダーゼ、エステラーゼ、グルタチオンSトランスフェラーゼといった代謝酵素の活性が高まったものが挙げられる。系外排出としてはABCトランスポーターによる液胞への輸送があげられる。
除草剤抵抗性雑草の例としては下記があげられる。
グリホサート抵抗性:
作用点変異による雑草の感受性低下の事例として、EPSPS遺伝子において以下のいずれか、または複数のアミノ酸置換を起こす変異がある雑草が挙げられる。Thr102Ile、Pro106Ser、Pro106Ala、Pro106Leu、Pro106Thr。特に、Thr102IleおよびPro106Serを併せ持つもの、Thr102IleおよびPro106Thrを併せ持つもの、ならびに、Thr102Il、Pro106SerおよびPro381Leuを併せ持つものが挙げられる。これらの作用点変異を有するグリホサート抵抗性のオヒシバ、ネズミムギ、ボウムギ、ホソムギ、Bidens subalternansなどが挙げられる。同様に作用点変異によるグリホサート抵抗性の事例としては、EPSPS遺伝子のコピー数が増加したものがある(PNAS, 2018 115 (13) 3332-3337)。EPSPS遺伝子のコピー数が増加したグリホサート抵抗性のオオホナガアオゲイトウ、ウォーターヘンプ、ホウキギなどが挙げられる。非作用点変異による雑草の感受性低下の事例として、ABCトランスポーターが関与したグリホサート抵抗性のヒメムカシヨモギ、オオアレチノギク、アレチノギクなどが挙げられる。さらに非作用点変異として、アルドケト還元酵素の発現が上昇することで、グリホサートに対して感受性が低下したコヒメビエが知られる(Plant Physiology 181, 1519-1534)。
ALS阻害型除草剤抵抗性:
作用点変異による雑草の感受性低下の事例として、ALS遺伝子において以下のいずれか、または複数のアミノ酸置換を起こす変異がある雑草が挙げられる。Ala122Thr、Ala122Val、Ala122Tyr、Pro197Ser、Pro197His、Pro197Thr、Pro197Arg、Pro197Leu、Pro197Gln、Pro197Ala、Pro197Ile、Ala205Val、Ala205Phe、Asp376Glu、Asp376Gln、Asp376Asn、Arg377His、Trp574Leu、Trp574Gly、Trp574Met、Ser653Thr、Ser653Asn、Ser635Ile、Gly654Glu、Gly645Asp。これらの作用点変異を有するALS阻害剤抵抗性のアオゲイトウ、ホナガアオゲイトウ、オオホナガアオゲイトウ、ウォーターヘンプ、ホウキギなどが挙げられる。非作用点変異による雑草の感受性低下の事例として、CYPまたはGSTが関与してALS阻害剤に抵抗性となった雑草が挙げられる。それらの例として、CYP81A10やCYP81A1v1が過剰発現したボウムギ、CYP81A12やCYP81A21が過剰発現したタイヌビエ、GSTF1やGSTU2が過剰発現したノスズメノテッポウが知られている。
ACCase阻害剤抵抗性:
作用点変異による雑草の感受性低下の事例として、ACCase遺伝子において以下のいずれか、または複数のアミノ酸置換を起こす変異がある雑草が挙げられる。Ile1781Leu、Ile1781Val,Ile1781Thr、Trp1999Cys、Trp1999Leu、Ala2004Val、Trp2027Cys、Ile2041Asn、Ile2041Val、Asp2078Gly、Asp2078Glu、Cys2088Arg、Gly2096Ala。非作用点変異による雑草の感受性低下の事例として、CYPまたはGSTが関与してACCase阻害剤に抵抗性となった雑草が挙げられる。それらの例として、CYP81A10やCYP81A1v1が過剰発現したボウムギ、CYP81A12やCYP81A21が過剰発現したタイヌビエ、GSTF1やGSTU2が過剰発現したノスズメノテッポウが知られている。
PPO阻害剤抵抗性:
作用点変異による雑草の感受性低下の事例として、PPO遺伝子において以下のいずれか、または複数のアミノ酸置換を起こす変異がある雑草が挙げられ、これらの変異はカルフェントラゾンエチル、ホメサフェンやラクトフェンの抵抗性変異としてとして知られるか、抵抗性変異となると予測される。Arg128Leu、Arg128Met、Arg128Gly、Arg128His、Arg128Ala、 Arg128Cys、Arg128Glu、Arg128Ile、Arg128Lys、Arg128Asn、Arg128Gln、Arg128Ser、Arg128Thr、Arg128Val、Arg128Tyr、Gly210欠損、Ala210欠損、Gly210Thr、Ala210Thr、G211欠損、Gly114Glu、Ser149Ile、Gly399Ala(アミノ酸番号はいずれもオオホナガアオゲイトウ(Amaranthus palmeri)のPPO2の配列で標準化)。通常、雑草のPPO遺伝子にはPPO1遺伝子とPPO2遺伝子が存在するが、前記変異はPPO1遺伝子、PPO2遺伝子のいずれにあってもよいし、双方にあってもよい。好ましくはPPO2遺伝子に変異を有する場合である。例えばArg128Metとは、128番目のアミノ酸に変異があることを意味する。ブタクサのPPO2遺伝子では、当該変異は98番目に相当し(Weed Science 60, 335-344)、Arg98Leuという表記が知られるが、このArg98は、本明細書におけるArg128と同意である。本発明の防除対象となる雑草のPPO遺伝子において、Arg128MetおよびArg128Glyはオオホナガアオゲイトウで知られ(Pest Management Science 73, 1559-1563)、さらにArg128GlyはウォーターヘンプのPPO2で知られ(Pest Management Science, 2019; 75: 3235-3244)、Arg128IleとArg128LysはウォーターヘンプのPPO2で知られ(Pest Management Science, 2019; 75: 3235-3244)、Arg128HisはボウムギのPPO2でArg132Hisとして知られ(WSSA annual meeting, 2018)、Gly114Glu、Ser149Ile 、および、Gly399AlaはオオホナガアオゲイトウのPPO2で知られる(Frontiers in Plant Science 10, Article 568)、Ala210ThrはオヒシバのPPO1でAla212Thrとして知られる(Pest Management Science, doi: 10.1002/ps.5703)が、防除されるPPO阻害剤抵抗性雑草はこれらに限定されない。すなわち、PPO1またはPPO2にArg128Leu、Arg128Met、Arg128Gly、Arg128His、Arg128Ala、 Arg128Cys、Arg128Glu、Arg128Ile、Arg128Lys、Arg128Asn、Arg128Gln、Arg128Ser、Arg128Thr、Arg128Val、Arg128Tyr、Gly210欠損、Ala210欠損、Gly210Thr、Ala210Thr、G211欠損、Gly114Glu、Ser149IleまたはGly399Alaの変異を有するオオホナガアオゲイトウのみならず、例えば、同変異を有するウォーターヘンプ、同変異を有するブタクサ、同変異を有するショウジョウソウなどが挙げられる。非作用点変異による雑草の感受性低下の事例として、CYPまたはGSTが関与してPPO阻害剤に抵抗性となったウォーターヘンプやオオホナガアオゲイトウとして、カルフェントラゾンエチルに抵抗性となったウォーターヘンプ等が知られ(PLOS ONE, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215431)る。
オーキシン系除草剤抵抗性:
作用点変異の事例として、AUX/IAA遺伝子のデグロン領域においてGly-Asnを起こす変異が挙げられる。この変異を有するホウキギ、オオホナガアオゲイトウやウォーターヘンプが挙げられる。非作用点変異の事例として、CYPの関与が示唆されるジカンバ抵抗性ホナガアオゲイトウや、2,4-D抵抗性ウォーターヘンプが知られる。GSTが関与する非作用点変異も挙げられる。
HPPD阻害剤抵抗性:
非作用点変異による雑草の感受性低下の事例として、CYPまたはGSTが関与してHPPD阻害剤に抵抗性となったウォーターヘンプやオオホナガアオゲイトウなどが挙げられる。それらの例として、CYP72A219、CYP81BやCYP81E8が過剰発現したオオホナガアオゲイトウが知られている。
光化学系II阻害剤抵抗性:
作用点変異による雑草の感受性低下の事例として、psbA遺伝子において以下のいずれかまたは複数のアミノ酸置換を起こす変異がある雑草が挙げられる。Val219Ile、Ser264Gly、Ser264Ala、Phe274Val。これらの作用点変異を有する光化学系II阻害剤抵抗性のオオホナガアオゲイトウやウォーターヘンプが挙げられる。非作用点変異による雑草の感受性低下の事例として、CYP、GST、またはAAAが関与して光化学系II阻害剤に抵抗性のオオホナガアオゲイトウやウォーターヘンプなどが挙げられる。それらの例として、CYP71R4が過剰発現したボウムギが知られている。
グルタミン酸合成酵素阻害剤抵抗性:
作用点変異による雑草の感受性低下の事例として、グルタミン合成酵素遺伝子においてAsp171Asn、Ser59Glyのアミノ酸置換を起こす変異がある雑草が挙げられる。この変異を有するグルタミン合成酵素阻害剤抵抗性のオオホナガアオゲイトウやウォーターヘンプなどが挙げられる。非作用点変異による雑草の感受性低下の事例として、CYPまたはGSTが関与してグルホシネート抵抗性となったオオホナガアオゲイトウやウォーターヘンプなどが挙げられる。それらの例として、CYP72A219、CYP81BやCYP81E8が過剰発現したオオホナガアオゲイトウが知られている。
抵抗性雑草が、上記の群のうち2つ以上の群(任意に選ばれる2群、任意に選ばれる3群、任意に選ばれる4群、任意に選ばれる5群、任意に選ばれる6群、任意に選ばれる7群、8群)への抵抗性を「併せ持つ」(スタックした)抵抗性雑草であってもよい。スタックした抵抗性雑草の例として、光化学系II阻害剤、HPPD阻害剤、2,4-D、PPO阻害剤、ALS阻害剤およびグリホサートのすべてに抵抗性のウォーターヘンプが知られる。上記のスタックは、作用点変異の組み合わせによっていても、非作用点変異の組み合わせによっていてもよく、作用変異と非作用点変異の組み合わせによっていてもよい。
除草剤:グリホサート(glyphosate)およびその塩(イソプロピルアンモニウム塩、アンモニウム塩、カリウム塩、グアニジン塩、ジメチルアミン塩、モノエタノールアミン塩、コリン塩、BAPMA(N,N-ビス-(アミノプロピル)メチルアミン)塩、2,4-Dおよびその塩またはエステル(トリエタノールアミン塩、アンモニウム塩、ブトチルエステル、2-ブトキシプロピルエステル、ブチルエステル、ジエチルアンモニウム塩、ジメチルアンモニウム塩、ジオールアミン塩、ドデシルアンモニウム塩、エチルエステル、2-エチルヘキシルエステル、ヘプチルアンモニウム塩、イソブチルエステル、イソクチルエステル、イソプロピルエステル、イソプロピルアンモニウム塩、リチウム塩、メプチルエステル、メチルエステル、オクチルエステル、ペンチルエステル、プロピルエステル、ナトリウム塩、テフリルエステル、テトラデシルアンモニウム塩、トリエチルアンモニウム塩、トリス(2-ヒドロキシプロピル)アンモニウム塩、トロールアミン塩、コリン塩)、2,4-DBおよびその塩またはエステル(ジメチルアンモニウム塩、イソクチルエステル、コリン塩)、ピロキサスルホン、ジカンバおよびその塩またはエステル(ジグリコールアミン塩、ジメチルアンモニウム塩、ジオールアミン塩、イソプロピルアンモニウム塩、メチルエステル、オーラミン塩、カリウム塩、ナトリウム塩、トロールアミン塩、BAPMA(N,N-ビス-(アミノプロピル)メチルアミン)塩、コリン塩、TBA(テトラブチルアンモニウム)塩、TBP(テトラブチルホスホニウム)塩)、MCPAおよびその塩またはエステル(ジメチルアンモニウム塩、2-エチルヘキシルエステル、イソクチルエステル、ナトリウム塩、コリン塩)、MCPB、メコプロップ(mecoprop)およびその塩またはエステル(ジメチルアンモニウム塩、ジオールアミン塩、エタジルエステル、2-エチルヘキシルエステル、イソクチルエステル、メチルエステル、カリウム塩、ナトリウム塩、トロールアミン塩、コリン塩)、メコプロップP(mecoprop-P)およびその塩またはエステル(ジメチルアンモニウム塩、2-エチルヘキシルエステル、イソブチル塩、カリウム塩、コリン塩)、ジクロプロップ(dichlorprop)およびその塩またはエステル(ブトチルエステル、ジメチルアンモニウム塩、2-エチルヘキシルエステル、イソクチルエステル、メチルエステル、カリウム塩、ナトリウム塩、コリン塩)、ジクロプロップP(dichlorprop-P)、ジクロプロップPジメチルアンモニウム塩(dichlorprop-P-dimethylammonium)、キンクロラック(quinclorac)、キンメラック(quinmerac)、ブロモキシニル(bromoxynil)、ブロモキシニルオクタノエート(bromoxynil-octanoate)、ジクロベニル(dichlobenil)、メチオゾリン(methiozolin)、アイオキシニル(ioxynil)、アイオキシニルオクタノエート(ioxynil-octanoate)、ジアレート(di-allate)、ブチレート(butylate)、トリアレート(tri-allate)、フェンメディファム(phenmedipham)、クロロプロファム(chlorpropham)、デスメジファム(desmedipham)、アシュラム(asulam)、フェニソファム(phenisopham)、ベンチオカーブ(benthiocarb)、モリネート(molinate)、エスプロカルブ(esprocarb)、ピリブチカルブ(pyributicarb)、プロスルホカルブ(prosulfocarb)、オルベンカルブ(orbencarb)、EPTC、ジメピペレート(dimepiperate)、スエップ(swep)、プロパクロール(propachlor)、メタザクロール(metazachlor)、アラクロール(alachlor)、アセトクロール(acetochlor)、メトラクロール(metolachlor)、S-メトラクロール(S-metolachlor)、ブタクロール(butachlor)、プレチラクロール(pretilachlor)、テニルクロール(thenylchlor)、アミノシクロピラクロール(aminocyclopyrachlor)、アミノシクロピラクロールメチル(aminocyclopyrachlor-methyl)、アミノシクロピラクロールカリウム(aminocyclopyrachlor-potassium)、トリフルラリン(trifluralin)、ペンディメタリン(pendimethalin)、エタフルラリン(ethalfluralin)、ベンフルラリン(benfluralin)、プロジアミン(prodiamine)、シマジン(simazine)、アトラジン(atrazine)、プロパジン(propazine)、シアナジン(cyanazine)、アメトリン(ametryn)、シメトリン(simetryn)、ジメタメトリン(dimethametryn)、プロメトリン(prometryn)、インダジフラム(indaziflam)、トリアジフラム(triaziflam)、メトリブジン(metribuzin)、ヘキサジノン(hexazinone)、テルブメトン(terbumeton)、テルブチラジン(terbuthylazine)、テルブトリン(terbutryn)、トリエタジン(trietazine)、イソキサベン(isoxaben)、ジウロン(diuron)、リニュロン(linuron)、メトブロムロン(metobromuron)、メトキスロン(metoxuron)、モノリニュロン(monolinuron)、シデュロン(siduron)、フルオメツロン(fluometuron)、ジフェノクスロン(difenoxuron)、メチルダイムロン(methyl-daimuron)、イソプロツロン(isoproturon)、イソウロン(isouron)、テブチウロン(tebuthiuron)、ベンズチアズロン(benzthiazuron)、メタベンズチアズウロン(methabenzthiazuron)、プロパニル(propanil)、メフェナセット(mefenacet)、クロメプロップ(clomeprop)、ナプロアニリド(naproanilide)、ブロモブチド(bromobutide)、ダイムロン(daimuron)、クミルロン(cumyluron)、ジフルフェンゾピル(diflufenzopyr)、エトベンザニド(etobenzanid)、ベンタゾン(bentazon)、トリジファン(tridiphane)、インダノファン(indanofan)、アミトロール(amitrole)、フェンクロラゾール(fenchlorazole)、クロマゾン(clomazone)、マレイン酸ヒドラジド(maleic hydrazide)、ピリデート(pyridate)、クロリダゾン(chloridazon)、ノルフルラゾン(norflurazon)、ブロマシル(bromacil)、ターバシル(terbacil)、レナシル(lenacil)、オキサジクロメホン(oxaziclomefone)、シンメチリン(cinmethylin)、ベンフレセート(benfuresate)、カフェンストロール(cafenstrole)、フルフェナセット(flufenacet)、ピリチオバック(pyrithiobac)、ピリチオバックナトリウム塩(pyrithiobac-sodium)、ピリミノバック(pyriminobac)、ピリミノバックメチル(pyriminobac-methyl)、ビスピリバック(bispyribac)、ビスピリバックナトリウム塩(bispyribac-sodium)、ピリベンゾキシム(pyribenzoxim)、ピリミスルファン(pyrimisulfan)、ピリフタリド(pyriftalid)、トリアファモン(triafamone)、フェントラザミド(fentrazamide)、ジメテナミド(dimethenamid)、ジメテナミドP(dimethenamid-P)、ACN、ジチオピル(dithiopyr)、トリクロピル(triclopyr)およびその塩またはエステル(ブトチルエステル、トリエチルアンモニウム塩)、フルロキシピル(fluroxypyr)、フルロキシピルメプチル(fluroxypyr-meptyl)、チアゾピル(thiazopyr)、アミノピラリド(aminopyralid)およびその塩(カリウム塩、トリイソプロパノールアンモニウム塩、コリン塩)、クロピラリド(clopyralid)およびその塩(オラミン塩、カリウム塩、トリエチルアンモニウム塩、コリン塩)、ピクロラム(picloram)およびその塩(カリウム塩、トリイソプロパノールアンモニウム塩、コリン塩)、ダラポン(dalapon)、クロルチアミド(chlorthiamid)、アミドスルフロン(amidosulfuron)、アジムスルフロン(azimsulfuron)、ベンスルフロン(bensulfuron)、ベンスルフロンメチル(bensulfuron-methyl)、クロリムロン(chlorimuron)、クロリムロンエチル(chlorimuron-ethyl)、シクロスルファムロン(cyclosulfamuron)、エトキシスルフロン(ethoxysulfuron)、フラザスルフロン(flazasulfuron)、フルセトスルフロン(flucetosulfuron)、フルピルスルフロン(flupyrsulfuron)、フルピルスルフロンメチルナトリウム(flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium)、ホラムスルフロン(foramsulfuron)、ハロスルフロン(halosulfuron)、ハロスルフロンメチル(halosulfuron-methyl)、イマゾスルフロン(imazosulfuron)、メソスルフロン(mesosulfuron)、メソスルフロンメチル(mesosulfuron-methyl)、メタゾスルフロン(metazosulfuron)、ニコスルフロン(nicosulfuron)、オルトスルファムロン(orthosulfamuron)、オキサスルフロン(oxasulfuron)、プリミスルフロン(primisulfuron)、プリミスルフロンメチル(primisulfuron-methyl)、プロピリスルフロン(propyrisulfuron)、ピラゾスルフロン(pyrazosulfuron)、ピラゾスルフロンエチル(pyrazosulfuron-ethyl)、リムスルフロン(rimsulfuron)、スルホメツロン(sulfometuron)、スルホメツロンメチル(sulfometuron-methyl)、スルホスルフロン(sulfosulfuron)、トリフロキシスルフロンナトリウム塩(trifloxysulfuron-sodium)、トリフロキシスルフロン(trifloxysulfuron)、クロルスルフロン(chlorsulfuron)、シノスルフロン(cinosulfuron)、エタメトスルフロン(ethametsulfuron)、エタメトスルフロンメチル(ethametsulfuron-methyl)、ヨードスルフロン(iodosulfuron)、ヨードスルフロンメチルナトリウム(iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium)、イオフェンスルフロン(iofensulfuron)、イオフェンスルフロンナトリウム(iofensulfuron-sodium)、メトスルフロン(metsulfuron)、メトスルフロンメチル(metsulfuron-methyl)、プロスルフロン(prosulfuron)、チフェンスルフロン(thifensulfuron)、チフェンスルフロンメチル(thifensulfuron-methyl)、トリアスルフロン(triasulf
uron)、トリベニュロン(tribenuron)、トリベニュロンメチル(tribenuron-methyl)、トリフルスルフロン(triflusulfuron)、トリフルスルフロンメチル(triflusulfuron-methyl)、トリトスルフロン(tritosulfuron)、ピコリナフェン(picolinafen)、ベフルブタミド(beflubutamid)、ノルフルラゾン(norflurazon)、フルリドン(fluridone)、フルロクロリドン(flurochloridone)、フルルタモン(flurtamone)、ベンゾビシクロン(benzobicyclon)、ビシクロピロン(bicyclopyrone)、メソトリオン(mesotrione)、スルコトリオン(sulcotrione)、テフリルトリオン(tefuryltrione)、テンボトリオン(tembotrione)、イソキサクロルトール(isoxachlortole)、イソキサフルトール(isoxaflutole)、ベンゾフェナップ(benzofenap)、ピラスルホトール(pyrasulfotole)、ピラゾリネート(pyrazolynate)、ピラゾキシフェン(pyrazoxyfen)、トプラメゾン(topramezone)、トルピラレート(tolpyralate)、ランコトリオンナトリウム塩(lancotrione-sodium)、フルポキサム(flupoxam)、アミカルバゾン(amicarbazone)、ベンカルバゾン(bencarbazone)、 フルカルバゾン(flucarbazone)、フルカルバゾンナトリウム塩(flucarbazone-sodium)、イプフェンカルバゾン(ipfencarbazone)、プロポキシカルバゾン(propoxycarbazone)、プロポキシカルバゾンナトリウム塩(propoxycarbazone-sodium)、チエンカルバゾン(thiencarbazone)、チエンカルバゾンメチル(thiencarbazone-methyl)、クロランスラム(cloransulam)、クロランスラムメチル(cloransulam-methyl)、ジクロスラム(diclosulam)、フロラスラム(florasulam)、フルメトスラム(flumetsulam)、メトスラム(metosulam)、ペノキススラム(penoxsulam)、ピロキシスラム(pyroxsulam)、イマザメタベンズ(imazamethabenz)、イマザメタベンズメチル(imazamethabenz-methyl)、イマザモックス(imazamox)、イマザモックスアンモニウム塩(imazamox-ammonium)、イマザピック(imazapic)、イマザピックアンモニウム塩(imazapic-ammonium)、イマザピル(imazapyr)、イマザピルアンモニウム塩(imazapyr-ammonium)、イマザキン(imazaquin)、イマザキンアンモニウム塩(imazaquin-ammonium)、イマゼタピル(imazethapyr)、イマゼタピルアンモニウム塩(imazethapyr-ammonium)、クロジナホップ(clodinafop)、クロジナホッププロパルギル(clodinafop-propargyl)、シハロホップ(cyhalofop)、 シハロホップブチル(cyhalofop-butyl)、ジクロホップ(diclofop)、ジクロホップメチル(diclofop-methyl)、フェノキサプロップ(fenoxaprop)、フェノキサプロップエチル(fenoxaprop-ethyl)、フェノキサプロップP(fenoxaprop-P)、フェノキサプロップPエチル(fenoxaprop-P-ethyl)、フルアジホップ(fluazifop)、フルアジホップブチル(fluazifop-butyl)、フルアジホップP(fluazifop-P)、フルアジホップPブチル(fluazifop-P-butyl)、ハロキシホップ(haloxyfop)、ハロキシホップメチル(haloxyfop-methyl)、ハロキシホップP(haloxyfop-P)、ハロキシホップPメチル(haloxyfop-P-methyl)、メタミホップ(metamifop)、プロパキザホップ(propaquizafop)、キザロホップ(quizalofop)、キザロホップエチル(quizalofop-ethyl)、キザロホップP(quizalofop-P)、キザロホップPエチル(quizalofop-P-ethyl)、アロキシジム(alloxydim)、クレトジム(clethodim)、セトキシジム(sethoxydim)、テプラロキシジム(tepraloxydim)、トラルコキシジム(tralkoxydim)、ピノキサデン(pinoxaden)、フェノキサスルホン(fenoxasulfone)、グルホシネート(glufosinate)、グルホシネートアンモニウム塩(glufosinate-ammonium)、グルホシネートP(glufosinate-P)、グルホシネートPナトリウム塩(glufosinate-P-sodium)、ビアラホス(bialafos)、アニロホス(anilofos)、ベンスリド(bensulide)、ブタミホス(butamifos)、パラコート(paraquat)、パラコートジクロリド(paraquat-dichloride)、ジクワット(diquat)、ジクワットジブロミド(diquat-dibromide)、ハローキシフェン(halauxifen)、ハローキシフェンメチル(halauxifen-methyl)、フロルピローキシフェン(florpyrauxifen)、フロルピローキシフェンベンジル(florpyrauxifen-benzyl)、フルミオキサジン(flumioxazin)、フルミクロラックペンチル(flumiclorac-pentyl)、ホメサフェンナトリウム塩(fomesafen-sodium)、ラクトフェン(lactofen)、サフルフェナシル(saflufenacil)、アシフルオルフェンナトリウム塩(acifluorfen-sodium)、アクロニフェン(aclonifen)、ビフェノックス(bifenox)、クロメトキシフェン(chlomethoxyfen)、クロルニトロフェン(chlornitrofen)、エトキシフェンエチル(ethoxyfen-ethyl)、フルオロジフェン(fluorodifen)、フルオログリコフェンエチル(fluoroglycofen-ethyl)、フルオロニトロフェン(fluoronitrofen)、ハロサフェン(halosafen)、ニトロフェン(nitrofen)、ニトロフルオルフェン(nitrofluorfen)、オキシフルオルフェン(oxyfluorfen)、シニドンエチル(cinidon-ethyl)、プロフルアゾル(profluazol)、ピラクロニル(pyraclonil)、オキサジアルギル(oxadiargyl)、オキサジアゾン(oxadiazone)、ペントキサゾン(pentoxazone)、フルアゾレート(fluazolate)、ピラフルフェンエチル(pyraflufen-ethyl)、ベンズフェンジゾン(benzfendizone)、ブタフェナシル(butafenacil)、フルチアセットメチル(fluthiacet-methyl)、チジアジミン(thidiazimin)、アザフェニジン(azafenidin)、カルフェントラゾンエチル(carfentrazone-ethyl)、スルフェントラゾン(sulfentrazone)、フルフェンピルエチル(flufenpyr-ethyl)、インドロウキシピルシアノメチル(indolauxpyr-cyanomethyl)、イカホリンメチル(icafolin-methyl)、ビクスロゾン(bixlozone)、シクロピラニル(cyclopyranil)、フェンキノトリオン(fenquinotrione)、シクロピリモレート(cyclopyrimorate)、リミソキサフェン(rimisoxafen)、及びテトフルピロリメット(tetflupyrolimet)。
屋外のトウモロコシ栽培跡において秋に播種され越冬したライムギの出穂期に、エピリフェナシル乳剤(55g/L)を、アジュバントMSOを0.5%(v/v)+硫安1%(w/v)含む水で希釈し、189L/haの散布液量で、エピリフェナシルが40g/haとなるように、ライムギに対してブームスプレイヤーで茎葉処理する。処理翌日にはライムギの生育が完全に停止し、処理4日後にはライムギが枯死することが観察される。
屋外のダイズ栽培跡において秋に播種され越冬したダイコン(Tillage Radish)の抽苔期に、エピリフェナシル乳剤(55g/L)を、アジュバントAgri-Dexを0.5%(v/v)+硫安1%(w/v)含む水で希釈し、150L/haの散布液量で、エピリフェナシルが20g/haとなるように、ダイコンに対してブームスプレイヤーで茎葉処理する。処理翌日にはダイコンの生育が完全に停止し、処理3日後にはダイコンが枯死することが観察される。
屋外のトウモロコシ栽培跡において秋に播種され越冬したオオムギの節間伸長期に、エピリフェナシル乳剤(55g/L)を、アジュバントAgri-Dexを0.5%(v/v)+硫安1%(w/v)含む水で希釈し、250L/haの散布液量で、エピリフェナシルが30g/haとなるように、オオムギに対してブームスプレイヤーで茎葉処理する。処理翌日にはオオムギの生育が完全に停止し、処理4日後にはオオムギが枯死することが観察される。
実施例1-3において、さらにRoundupPowerMax(グリホサートカリウム塩 660g/L)を32液量オンス/エーカー(グリホサートカリウム塩として1543g/ha)となるように加用して同様に実施する。
プラスチックポットに土壌を詰めライムギを播種し温室で育成した。播種15日後に、RoundupPowerMaxを水で希釈し、グリホサートカリウム塩として1543g/haの処理量となるよう、200L/haの散布液量で、自動散布機で上方から茎葉処理した。
同時に、別のプラスチックポットに同様にライムギを播種し、育成した。播種21日後に、エピリフェナシル乳剤(55g/L)またはサフルフェナシル懸濁剤(341g/L)を、アジュバントAgri-Dexを1%(v/v)含む水で希釈し、処理量が25g/haとなるよう、200L/haの散布液量で、自動散布機で上方から茎葉処理した。
除草剤処理後はライムギを温室で育成し、生育が終了した場合、生育終了時に地上部を刈り取り、乾物重を測定した。本試験では、頂芽および側芽の枯死が視認されたときに、生育が終了したと判定した。効果の発現開始日、生育終了日、および生育終了時の乾物重をそれぞれ表1に示す。効果が発現しているかどうかは、葉色の変化を視認することによって判定した。各除草剤の処理はそれぞれ3ポットを用いて行った。表における効果の発現開始日および生育終了日は、それぞれ、3ポットのすべてで効果発現および生育終了が確認された日とした。乾物重は3ポットの平均値とした。
エピリフェナシルはライムギの生育を処理後3日で終了させた。また、ライムギの播種から生育終了までの期間は同じであっても、エピリフェナシルを処理した場合は、処理時期が遅いため、グリホサートカリウム塩を処理した場合に比べてバイオマスが大きかった。サフルフェナシルを処理した場合は播種50日後まで観察したが、ライムギの生育を終了させることができなかった。
プラスチックポットに土壌を詰め、食用のダイコン(Daikon Radish)を播種し温室で育成した。播種15日後に、RoundupPowerMaxを水で希釈し、グリホサートカリウム塩として1543g/haの処理量となるよう、200L/haの散布液量で、自動散布機で上方から茎葉処理した。
同時に、別のプラスチックポットに同様にダイコンを播種し、育成した。播種21日後に、エピリフェナシル乳剤(55g/L)を、アジュバントAgri-Dexを1%(v/v)含む水で希釈し、処理量が25g/haとなるよう、200L/haの散布液量で、自動散布機で上方から茎葉処理した。
除草剤処理後はダイコンを温室で育成し、生育が終了した場合、生育終了時に全草を掘り取り、乾物重を測定した。本試験では、頂芽および側芽の枯死が視認されたときに、生育が終了したと判定した。効果の発現開始日、生育終了日、および生育終了時の乾物重をそれぞれ表2に示す。効果が発現しているかどうかは、葉色の変化を視認することによって判定した。各除草剤の処理はそれぞれ3ポットを用いて行った。表における効果の発現開始日および生育終了日は、それぞれ、3ポットのすべてで効果発現および生育終了が確認された日とした。乾物重は3ポットの平均値とした。
エピリフェナシルはダイコンの生育を処理後3日で終了させた。また、ライムギの播種から生育終了までの期間は同じであっても、エピリフェナシルを処理した場合は、処理時期が遅いため、グリホサートカリウム塩を処理した場合に比べてバイオマスが大きかった。
プラスチックポットに土壌を詰めライムギを播種し屋外で育成した。播種24日後にRoundupPowerMaxを水で希釈し、グリホサートカリウム塩として1543g/haの処理量となるよう、200L/haの散布液量で、自動散布機で上方から茎葉処理した。
同時に、別のプラスチックポットに同様にライムギを播種し、育成した。播種24日後に、エピリフェナシル乳剤(55g/L)またはサフルフェナシル懸濁剤(341g/L)を、アジュバントAgri-Dexを1%(v/v)含む水で希釈し、処理量が20g/haとなるよう、200L/haの散布液量で、自動散布機で上方から茎葉処理した。
また、同時に、別のプラスチックポットに同様にライムギを播種し、育成した。播種24日後、地上部を刈り取り、乾物重(以下、無処理乾物重と記す)を測定した。
除草剤処理されたライムギを、除草剤処理後屋外で育成し、生育が終了した場合、生育終了時に地上部を刈り取り、乾物重を測定した。本試験では、頂芽および側芽の枯死が視認されたときに、生育が終了したと判定した。効果の発現開始日、生育終了日、および増分乾物重をそれぞれ表3に示す。効果が発現しているかどうかは、葉色の変化を視認することによって判定した。各除草剤の処理はそれぞれ7ポットを用いて行った。表における効果の発現開始日および生育終了日は、それぞれ、7ポットのすべてで効果発現および生育終了が確認された日とした。増分乾物重は下記式(1)によって計算される値とした。
式(1) 増分乾物重=生育終了時の平均乾物重-播種24日後の平均無処理乾物重
生育終了時の平均乾物重:生育終了時の乾物重の7ポットの平均値
播種24日後の平均無処理乾物重:無処理乾物重の7ポットの平均値
エピリフェナシルはバイオマスを増大させながら、ライムギの生育を処理後7日で終了させた。一方、グリホサートカリウム塩はライムギの生育を処理後21日で終了させ、バイオマスを減少させた。サフルフェナシルは処理後28日まで観察したが、ライムギの生育を終了させることができなかった。
プラスチックポットに土壌を詰め食用のダイコン(Daikon Radish)を播種し屋外で育成した。播種24日後にRoundupPowerMaxを水で希釈し、グリホサートカリウム塩として1543g/haの処理量となるよう、200L/haの散布液量で、自動散布機で上方から茎葉処理した。
同時に、別のプラスチックポットに同様にダイコンを播種し、育成した。播種24日後に、エピリフェナシル乳剤(55g/L)を、アジュバントAgri-Dexを1%(v/v)含む水で希釈し、処理量が20g/haとなるよう、200L/haの散布液量で、自動散布機で上方から茎葉処理した。
また、同時に、別のプラスチックポットに同様にダイコンを播種し、育成した。播種24日後、全草を掘り取り、乾物重(以下、無処理乾物重と記す)を測定した。
除草剤処理されたダイコンを、除草剤処理後屋外で育成し、生育が終了した場合、生育終了時に全草を掘り取り、乾物重を測定した。本試験では、頂芽および側芽の枯死が視認されたときに、生育が終了したと判定した。効果の発現開始日、生育終了日、および増分乾物重をそれぞれ表4に示す。効果が発現しているかどうかは、葉色の変化を視認することによって判定した。各除草剤の処理はそれぞれ7ポットを用いて行った。表における効果の発現開始日および生育終了日は、それぞれ、7ポットのすべてで効果発現および生育終了が確認された日とした。増分乾物重は下記式(2)によって計算される値とした。
式(2) 増分乾物重=生育終了時の平均乾物重-播種24日後の平均無処理乾物重
生育終了時の平均乾物重:生育終了時の乾物重の7ポットの平均値
播種24日後の平均無処理乾物重:無処理乾物重の7ポットの平均値
エピリフェナシルはバイオマスを増大させながら、ダイコンの生育を処理後7日で終了させた。一方、グリホサートカリウム塩は処理後28日まで観察したが、ダイコンの生育を終了させることができなかった。
Claims (3)
- エピリフェナシル、チアフェナシル、およびトリフルジモキサジンから選ばれる少なくとも1つの化合物をカバークロップに処理する工程を含む前記カバークロップの生育終了方法。
- 前記カバークロップが、ライムギ、ライコムギ、オオムギ、エンバク、コムギ、1年生ライグラス、ダイコン、カブ、カラシナ、アビシニアカラシ、セイヨウアブラナ、ナヨクサフジ、エンドウ、およびクリムゾンクローバーから選ばれる1つまたは2つ以上である請求項1に記載の方法。
- エピリフェナシルを処理する請求項1に記載の方法。
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ANONYMOUS: "Local news [July 2006]", SUGAR INFORMATION: AGRICULTURE & LIVESTOCK INDUSTRIES CORPORATION, AGRICULTURE & LIVESTOCK INDUSTRIES CORPORATION, JP, JP, XP009549309, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://sugar.alic.go.jp/japan/area/ja_0607.htm> [retrieved on 20230329] * |
ANONYMOUS: "NRCS Cover Crop Termination Guidelines", UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (USDA), 1 December 2013 (2013-12-01), XP093088065, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://efotg.sc.egov.usda.gov/references/Delete/2014-11-1/Archived_NRCS-CoverCropTerminationGuidelines-Version2_Dec2013_141029.pdf> [retrieved on 20231003] * |
CREECH ELIZABETH: "Discover the Cover: Managing Cover Crops to Suppress Weeds and Save Money on Herbicides", USDA FARMERS.GOV, 24 July 2018 (2018-07-24), XP093088063, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.farmers.gov/blog/discover-cover-managing-cover-crops-suppress-weeds-and-save-money-on-herbicides> [retrieved on 20231003] * |
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