WO2023155421A1 - 漂浮式风机基础、漂浮式风机、抗台方法和风力发电方法 - Google Patents

漂浮式风机基础、漂浮式风机、抗台方法和风力发电方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023155421A1
WO2023155421A1 PCT/CN2022/117499 CN2022117499W WO2023155421A1 WO 2023155421 A1 WO2023155421 A1 WO 2023155421A1 CN 2022117499 W CN2022117499 W CN 2022117499W WO 2023155421 A1 WO2023155421 A1 WO 2023155421A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wind turbine
foundation
floating
tower
hydraulic jack
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PCT/CN2022/117499
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周昳鸣
郭小江
李卫东
刘鑫
闫姝
Original Assignee
中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司
华能海上风电科学技术研究有限公司
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Publication of WO2023155421A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023155421A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F03D13/25—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/10—Assembly of wind motors; Arrangements for erecting wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/727—Offshore wind turbines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of floating wind turbine foundations, in particular to a floating wind turbine foundation, a floating wind turbine, a typhoon resistance method and a wind power generation method.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a floating wind turbine foundation, so as to reduce the manufacturing cost of wind turbines on the premise of meeting the typhoon resistance requirements.
  • the present invention provides a floating fan foundation, including:
  • each of the buoys corresponds to one of the telescopic expansion mechanisms
  • the telescopic expansion mechanism includes a hydraulic jack and a folding hinge, the two ends of the hydraulic jack are respectively hinged with the tower foundation and the buoy, so
  • the folding hinge includes a plurality of mutually hinged folding arms, and the two ends of the folding hinge are respectively hinged to the tower foundation and the buoy.
  • the above-mentioned floating wind turbine foundation further includes a controller for receiving weather information, and the controller is electrically connected to the hydraulic jack.
  • the above-mentioned floating wind turbine foundation also includes an inclinometer capable of detecting the inclination angle of the wind turbine, a wind measuring radar capable of detecting wind speed, and a floating sonar measuring device capable of detecting wave height, the inclinometer, the wind measuring radar and the floating sonar measuring equipment are electrically connected to the controller.
  • the foundation of the above-mentioned floating wind turbine further includes a water pump for increasing the ballast water of the buoy.
  • a floating wind turbine includes a tower, a wind turbine arranged on the tower, and a floating wind turbine foundation as described in any one of the above, and the tower is arranged on the floating wind turbine foundation.
  • the tower is a lifting structure.
  • the lifting structure includes a lifting drive gear arranged on the base of the tower, and the outer circumference of the tower is provided with lifting teeth capable of cooperating with the lifting drive gear.
  • the fan includes a hub and blades arranged on the hub, the blades include a first blade split connected to the hub and rotate separately from the first blade Connected second blade split.
  • An anti-typhoon method applied to the foundation of any one of the above floating wind turbines, comprising the steps of:
  • step S1 it also includes before step S1:
  • SA1 receiving weather information, so as to control the telescopic action of the hydraulic jack according to the weather information.
  • the SA1 includes:
  • SA1-1 Detect the inclination angle of the wind turbine through the inclinometer, detect the wind speed through the wind radar, and detect the wave height through the floating sonar measurement equipment;
  • a method for wind power generation including any one of the anti-typhoon methods described above.
  • a plurality of buoys are arranged around the tower foundation, and since the two ends of the hydraulic jack are respectively hinged with the tower foundation and the buoy, the folding hinge includes a plurality of mutually hinged folding arms And the two ends of the folding hinge are respectively hinged to the tower foundation and the buoy. Therefore, when the fan is in a non-typhoon working condition, the telescopic rod of the hydraulic jack is retracted, so that the telescopic rod of the hydraulic jack drives the buoy to a position close to the tower foundation.
  • the multiple folding arms of the folding hinge are folded together, which reduces the water surface area of the floating wind turbine foundation, so that the wave received by the floating wind turbine foundation
  • the load is reduced, which improves the stability of the floating fan foundation;
  • the telescopic rod of the hydraulic jack is extended, so that the telescopic rod of the hydraulic jack drives the buoy to move away from the tower foundation, and the buoy moves away from the tower foundation.
  • the positional movement of the tower foundation and the unfolding of the multiple folding arms of the folding hinge increase the restoring moment of the floating wind turbine foundation, so that the stability of the floating wind turbine foundation is enhanced.
  • the floating fan foundation provided by the present invention can improve the connection stability between the buoy and the tower foundation through the folding hinge, and realize the expansion and contraction of the buoy through the expansion and contraction of the hydraulic jack. At the same time, it reduces the redundancy of the foundation of the floating wind turbine and reduces the manufacturing cost of the wind turbine.
  • Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a floating fan foundation provided by an embodiment of the present invention when it is in a non-typhoon working condition;
  • Fig. 2 is a top view structural diagram of a floating fan foundation provided by an embodiment of the present invention when it is in a non-typhoon working condition;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a floating fan provided by an embodiment of the present invention in a non-typhoon working condition
  • Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a floating fan foundation provided by an embodiment of the present invention when it is in a typhoon condition;
  • Fig. 5 is a top view structural diagram of a floating fan foundation provided by an embodiment of the present invention when it is in a typhoon working condition;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a floating fan provided by an embodiment of the present invention under typhoon conditions
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a tower provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a buoy provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another floating fan provided by an embodiment of the present invention under typhoon conditions.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic flow chart of an anti-typhoon method provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic flow chart of step SA1 provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 100 is the tower foundation
  • 101 is the lifting drive gear
  • 200 is the buoy
  • 201 is the anti-rolling plate
  • 300 is the telescopic expansion mechanism
  • 301 is the hydraulic jack
  • 302 is the folding hinge
  • 400 is the tower
  • 401 is the lifting gear
  • 500 is a fan
  • 501 is a hub
  • 502 is a blade
  • 5021 is a split body of the first blade
  • 5022 is a split body of the second blade.
  • the core of the present invention is to provide a floating wind turbine foundation to reduce the manufacturing cost of wind turbines on the premise of meeting the typhoon resistance requirements. .
  • the embodiment of the present invention discloses a floating wind turbine foundation, including a tower foundation 100 , a buoy 200 and a telescopic expansion mechanism 300 .
  • each buoy 200 corresponds to a telescopic expansion mechanism 300
  • the telescopic expansion mechanism 300 includes a hydraulic jack 301 and a folding hinge 302.
  • the two ends of the folding hinge 302 are respectively hinged to the tower foundation 100 and the buoy 200
  • the folding hinge 302 includes a plurality of mutually hinged folding arms and the two ends of the folding hinge 302 are respectively hinged to the tower foundation 100 and the buoy 200 .
  • a plurality of buoys 200 are arranged around the tower foundation 100. Since the two ends of the hydraulic jack 301 are respectively hinged to the tower foundation 100 and the buoy 200, the folding hinge 302 includes multiple Two mutually hinged folding arms and the two ends of the folding hinge 302 are respectively hinged on the tower foundation 100 and the buoy 200, therefore, when the wind turbine 500 is in a non-typhoon working condition, the telescopic rod of the hydraulic jack 301 is retracted to make the hydraulic jack 301 The telescopic rod of the buoy 200 drives the buoy 200 to move to a position close to the tower foundation 100.
  • the multiple folding arms of the folding hinge 302 are folded together, reducing the size of the floating fan.
  • the water surface area of the foundation reduces the wave load on the foundation of the floating fan and improves the stability of the foundation of the floating fan; when a typhoon comes, extend the telescopic rod of the hydraulic jack 301 to make the hydraulic jack
  • the telescopic rod of the buoy 200 drives the buoy 200 to move away from the tower foundation 100.
  • the multiple folding arms of the folding hinge 302 unfold, which increases the recovery of the floating wind turbine foundation. The moment increases the stability of the foundation of the floating wind turbine.
  • the floating fan foundation provided by the present invention can improve the connection stability between the buoy 200 and the tower foundation 100 through the folding hinge 302, and realize the expansion and contraction of the buoy 200 through the expansion and contraction of the hydraulic jack 301.
  • the foundation while meeting the needs of typhoon resistance, reduces the redundancy of the foundation of the floating wind turbine and reduces the manufacturing cost of the wind turbine.
  • each telescopic expansion mechanism 300 may have one hydraulic jack 301 and one folding hinge 302, or multiple hydraulic jacks 301 and/or multiple folding hinges 302, as long as the number can meet the requirements of use, it belongs to the present invention Within the scope of protection; optionally, as shown in FIGS.
  • the number of hinges 302 is one, so that in typhoon conditions, the buoy 200 is pushed to a position away from the tower foundation 100 by the hydraulic jack 301, and a stable triangular support structure is formed by a folding hinge 302 and two hydraulic jacks 301, The stability of the floating wind turbine foundation under typhoon conditions is further improved.
  • the floating wind turbine foundation also includes a controller for receiving weather information, the controller is electrically connected to the hydraulic jack 301, so as to receive the weather information through the controller, so that the controller controls the telescopic action of the hydraulic jack 301 according to the weather information .
  • the above weather information may be the weather forecast information made by the land weather forecast center, and the controller intervenes in the expansion and contraction of the hydraulic jack 301 in advance according to the weather forecast information.
  • the controller controls the hydraulic jack 301.
  • the jack 301 is extended to push the buoy 200 to extend around the tower foundation 100, that is to say, the telescopic expansion mechanism 300 is actively controlled according to the weather forecast information made by the land weather forecast center; or the weather information is detected in real time according to the detection components
  • the controller controls the hydraulic jack 301 to extend, and pushes the buoy 200 to extend around the tower foundation 100. control.
  • the floating wind turbine foundation passively controls the telescopic expansion mechanism 300 according to the actual weather information.
  • the floating sonar measuring equipment capable of detecting wave height, the inclinometer, wind radar and floating sonar measuring equipment are all electrically connected to the controller, so as to transmit the detected wind turbine inclination angle, wind speed and wave height to the controller,
  • the controller sends out an unfolding command, and after the hydraulic jack 301 receives the unfolding command, the telescopic rod of the hydraulic jack 301 is extended, and the folding hinge 302 is unfolded.
  • the restoring torque of the foundation of the floating fan is increased, and the stability of the whole floating fan is enhanced.
  • the present invention does not specifically limit the values of the above-mentioned inclination threshold, wind speed threshold and wave height threshold, as long as they are values that can meet the requirements of use, they all fall within the protection scope of the present invention; optionally, the inclination threshold provided by the embodiment of the present invention is 15 °, the wind speed threshold is 117km/h, and the wave height threshold is 14m.
  • the floating fan foundation also includes a water pump, so that the ballast water of the buoy 200 can be increased through the pump, so that the center of gravity of the floating fan foundation can be lowered, and the typhoon resistance of the floating fan foundation can be improved.
  • the present invention also discloses a floating wind turbine, including a tower 400, a wind turbine 500 arranged on the tower 400, and the foundation of any one of the above floating wind turbines, the tower 400 is arranged on the foundation of the floating wind turbine , so as to support the tower 400 through the foundation of the floating fan. Since the floating fan includes the foundation of any one of the above-mentioned floating fans, it takes into account all the technical effects of the foundation of the above-mentioned floating fan. Let me repeat them one by one.
  • the above-mentioned tower 400 is a lifting structure, so that when facing typhoon conditions, the gravity center of the floating wind turbine can be lowered by the lifting tower 400, and the resistance ability of the floating wind turbine to typhoon can be improved.
  • the above-mentioned lifting structure can be driven by a screw nut, a rack and pinion, or a slider slide rail.
  • the embodiment provides a specific lifting structure.
  • the lifting structure includes a lifting drive gear 101 arranged on the tower foundation 100, and the outer circumference of the tower 400 is provided with lifting teeth 401 that can cooperate with the lifting drive gear 101, so as to pass through the lifting drive gear 101.
  • the tower 400 is driven up and down, and when faced with typhoon conditions, the center of gravity of the floating fan is lowered through the lifting structure to improve the anti-typhoon capability.
  • the lifting teeth 401 can be provided on the outer circumference of the tower 400 through components such as racks or toothed belts, or directly process toothed grooves on the outer circumference of the tower 400, as long as they can be connected with the lifting drive
  • the gears 101 cooperate to realize the structure of lifting all belong to the protection scope of the present invention, and, in order to improve the lifting stability, the number of lifting drive gears 101 is multiple, and the multiple lifting drive gears 101 are circular along the center of circle of the tower foundation 100 Array distribution.
  • the bottom of the buoy is provided with an anti-rolling plate 201, so that the center of gravity of the foundation of the floating fan can be further lowered through the anti-rolling plate 201, so that the center of gravity of the floating fan can be lowered, and the resistance of the floating fan to typhoon can be improved.
  • the fan 500 includes a hub 501 and a blade 502 arranged on the hub 501.
  • the blade 502 includes a first blade split 5021 connected to the hub 501 and a second blade split rotatably connected to the first blade split 5021.
  • Body 5022 so that under typhoon conditions, the second blade split body 5022 is rotated to coincide with the first blade split body 5021, the overall length of the blade 502 is shortened, and the typhoon resistance of the floating fan is improved.
  • the present invention also discloses an anti-typhoon method, which is applied to the foundation of any one of the above floating wind turbines, including steps:
  • the anti-table method provided by the present invention can improve the connection stability between the buoy 200 and the tower foundation 100 through the folding hinge 302, and realize the expansion and contraction of the buoy 200 through the expansion and contraction of the hydraulic jack 301, compared with the traditional floating foundation. , while meeting the typhoon resistance requirements, it also reduces the redundancy of the foundation of the floating wind turbine and reduces the manufacturing cost of the wind turbine.
  • the anti-typhoon method also includes before step S1:
  • SA1 Receive weather information to control the telescopic action of the hydraulic jack 301 according to the weather information, so as to adjust the restoring moment of the floating fan foundation through the telescopic length of the hydraulic jack 301 under typhoon conditions, so that the stability of the floating fan foundation enhanced.
  • the weather information received in the above step SA1 may be the weather forecast information made by the land weather forecast center.
  • the weather forecast information shows that there is a typhoon warning
  • the hydraulic jack 301 is extended to push the buoy 200 of the floating wind turbine foundation.
  • the telescopic expansion mechanism 300 is actively controlled according to the weather forecast information made by the land weather forecast center; or the weather information is the real-time weather information detected by the detection components.
  • the information shows that when the typhoon is in operation, the hydraulic jack 301 is extended to push the buoy 200 to extend around the tower foundation 100, that is to say, the telescopic expansion mechanism 300 is passively controlled according to the actual weather information;
  • the weather information received by SA1 in the anti-typhoon method provided is the real weather information.
  • SA1 includes:
  • SA1-1 Detect the inclination angle of the fan 500 through the inclinometer, detect the wind speed through the wind measuring radar, and detect the wave height through the floating sonar measuring equipment, and transmit the detected inclination angle, wind speed and wave height to the controller, and use the controller to detect each Whether the parameter exceeds the threshold, that is, it is judged whether a typhoon is coming.
  • the controller may issue a deployment command when the wind turbine inclination, wind speed and wave height all exceed the corresponding thresholds, or one or both of the wind turbine inclination, wind speed and wave height may exceed the corresponding thresholds
  • the controller issues a deployment command.
  • the judgment conditions can be adaptively modified according to actual needs.
  • the present invention does not specifically limit the values of the above-mentioned inclination threshold, wind speed threshold and wave height threshold, as long as they are values that can meet the requirements of use, they all fall within the protection scope of the present invention; optionally, the inclination threshold provided by the embodiments of the present invention is 15°, the wind speed threshold is 117km/h, and the wave height threshold is 14m.
  • the present invention also discloses a wind power generation method, including any one of the anti-typhoon methods described above, so it has all the technical effects of the above-mentioned anti-typhoon methods, and will not be repeated here.

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Abstract

一种漂浮式风机基础、漂浮式风机、抗台方法和风力发电方法。该漂浮式风机基础包括塔架基础（100）；多个环绕塔架基础（100）设置的浮筒（200）；伸缩扩展机构（300），每个浮筒（200）对应一个伸缩扩展机构（300），伸缩扩展机构（300）包括液压千斤顶（301）和折叠铰链（302），液压千斤顶（301）的两端分别与塔架基础（100）和浮筒（200）铰接，折叠铰链（302）包括多个相互铰接的折叠臂且折叠铰链（302）的两端分别铰接于塔架基础（100）和浮筒（200）。提供的漂浮式风机基础能够通过折叠铰链（302）提高浮筒（200）与塔架基础（100）的连接稳定性，通过液压千斤顶（301）的伸缩实现浮筒（200）的展开和伸缩，较传统的漂浮式基础，在满足抗台需求的同时，又减少了漂浮式风机基础的冗余度，减轻了风电机组的制造成本。

Description

漂浮式风机基础、漂浮式风机、抗台方法和风力发电方法
本申请要求以下中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
申请号：202210157608.X
申请日：2022年02月21日
发明创造名称：漂浮式风机基础、漂浮式风机、抗台方法和风力发电方法
技术领域
本发明涉及漂浮式风机基础技术领域，尤其涉及一种漂浮式风机基础、漂浮式风机、抗台方法和风力发电方法。
背景技术
我国沿海地区风资源丰富，但也是台风多发地区，由于台风具有风速大和风向突变的特点，可能会对风电机组的叶片、机舱和基础设置等造成破坏，因此，风电机组通常采用加强漂浮式基础和风机结构强度的方式实现抗台，一般称为硬扛，但是这就造成风电机组结构设计冗余度过大，加重了风电机组的制造成本。
因此，如何在能满足抗台需求的前提下，减轻风电机组的制造成本，是本领域技术人员目前需要解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种漂浮式风机基础，以在满足抗台需求的前提下，减轻风电机组的制造成本。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供一种漂浮式风机基础，包括：
塔架基础；
多个环绕所述塔架基础设置的浮筒；
伸缩扩展机构，每个所述浮筒对应一个所述伸缩扩展机构，所述伸缩扩展机构包括液压千斤顶和折叠铰链，所述液压千斤顶的两端分别与所述塔架基础和所述浮筒铰接，所述折叠铰链包括多个相互铰接的折叠臂且所述折叠铰链的两端分别铰接于所述塔架基础和所述浮筒。
优选地，在上述漂浮式风机基础中，还包括用于接收天气信息的控制器，所述控制器与所述液压千斤顶电连接。
优选地，在上述漂浮式风机基础中，还包括能够检测风机倾角的倾角仪、能够检测风速的测风雷达和能够检测浪高的漂浮式声呐测量设备，所述倾角仪、所述测风雷达和所述漂浮式声呐测量设备均与所述控制器电连接。
优选地，在上述漂浮式风机基础中，还包括用于增加所述浮筒的压舱水的抽水机。
一种漂浮式风机，包括塔架、设置于所述塔架上的风机和如上任意一项所述的漂浮式风机基础，所述塔架设置于所述漂浮式风机基础上。
优选地，在上述漂浮式风机中，所述塔架为升降式结构。
优选地，在上述漂浮式风机中，所述升降式结构包括设置于所述塔架基础的升降驱动齿轮，所述塔架的外圆周设置有能够与所述升降驱动齿轮配合的升降齿。
优选地，在上述漂浮式风机中，所述风机包括轮毂和设置于所述轮毂上的叶片，所述叶片包括与所述轮毂连接的第一叶片分体和与所述第一叶片分体转动连接的第二叶片分体。
一种抗台方法，应用于如上任意一项所述的漂浮式风机基础，包括步骤：
S1：当漂浮式风机处于台风工况时，所述液压千斤顶的伸缩杆伸长，所述折叠铰链展开，以增大所述浮筒与所述塔架基础之间的距离。
优选地，在上述抗台方法中，还包括位于步骤S1之前的：
SA1：接收天气信息，以根据所述天气信息控制所述液压千斤顶的伸缩动作。
优选地，在上述抗台方法中，所述SA1包括：
SA1-1：通过倾角仪检测风机的倾角，通过测风雷达检测风速，通过漂浮式声呐测量设备检测浪高；
SA1-2：当所述风机的倾角超过倾角阈值、所述风速超过风速阈值和/或所述浪高超过所述浪高阈值时，所述控制器发出展开指令；
SA1-3：所述液压千斤顶接收所述展开指令后，所述液压千斤顶的伸缩杆伸长。
一种风力发电方法，包括如上任意一项所述的抗台方法。
使用本发明所提供的漂浮式风机基础时，将多个浮筒环绕设置于塔架基础的四周，由于液压千斤顶的两端分别与塔架基础和浮筒铰接，折叠铰链包括多 个相互铰接的折叠臂且折叠铰链的两端分别铰接于塔架基础和浮筒，因此，当风机处于非台风工况时，将液压千斤顶的伸缩杆缩回，使液压千斤顶的伸缩杆带动浮筒向靠近塔架基础的位置运动，随着浮筒向靠近塔架基础的位置运动，折叠铰链的多个折叠臂相互折叠在一起，减小了该漂浮式风机基础的水线面面积，使得该漂浮式风机基础所受到的波浪载荷减少，提高了该漂浮式风机基础的稳定性；当台风来临时，将液压千斤顶的伸缩杆伸长，使液压千斤顶的伸缩杆带动浮筒向远离塔架基础的位置运动，随着浮筒向远离塔架基础的位置运动，折叠铰链的多个折叠臂展开，增大了该漂浮式风机基础的回复力矩，使得该漂浮式风机基础的稳定性增强。由此可见，本发明所提供的漂浮式风机基础能够通过折叠铰链提高浮筒与塔架基础的连接稳定性，通过液压千斤顶的伸缩实现浮筒的展开和伸缩，较传统的漂浮式基础，在满足抗台需求的同时，又减少了漂浮式风机基础的冗余度，减轻了风电机组的制造成本。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例所提供的一种漂浮式风机基础处于非台风工况时的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例所提供的一种漂浮式风机基础处于非台风工况时的俯视结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例所提供的一种漂浮式风机在非台风工况时的结构示意图；
图4为本发明实施例所提供的一种漂浮式风机基础处于台风工况时的结构示意图；
图5为本发明实施例所提供的一种漂浮式风机基础处于台风工况时的俯视结构示意图；
图6为本发明实施例所提供的一种漂浮式风机在台风工况时的结构示意图；
图7为本发明实施例所提供的一种塔架的结构示意图；
图8为本发明实施例所提供的一种浮筒的结构示意图；
图9为本发明实施例所提供的另一种漂浮式风机在台风工况时的结构示意图；
图10为本发明实施例所提供的一种抗台方法的流程示意图；
图11为本发明实施例所提供的一种步骤SA1的分步流程示意图。
其中，100为塔架基础，101为升降驱动齿轮，200为浮筒，201为减摇板，300为伸缩扩展机构，301为液压千斤顶，302为折叠铰链，400为塔架，401为 升降齿，500为风机，501为轮毂，502为叶片，5021为第一叶片分体，5022为第二叶片分体。
具体实施方式
有鉴于此，本发明的核心在于提供一种漂浮式风机基础，以在满足抗台需求的前提下，减轻风电机组的制造成本。。
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
如图1至图11所示，本发明实施例公开了一种漂浮式风机基础，包括塔架基础100、浮筒200和伸缩扩展机构300。
其中，浮筒200的数量为多个，多个浮筒200环绕塔架基础100设置；每个浮筒200对应一个伸缩扩展机构300，伸缩扩展机构300包括液压千斤顶301和折叠铰链302，液压千斤顶301的两端分别与塔架基础100和浮筒200铰接，折叠铰链302包括多个相互铰接的折叠臂且折叠铰链302的两端分别铰接于塔架基础100和浮筒200。
使用本发明所提供的漂浮式风机基础时，将多个浮筒200环绕设置于塔架基础100的四周，由于液压千斤顶301的两端分别与塔架基础100和浮筒200铰接，折叠铰链302包括多个相互铰接的折叠臂且折叠铰链302的两端分别铰接于 塔架基础100和浮筒200，因此，当风机500处于非台风工况时，将液压千斤顶301的伸缩杆缩回，使液压千斤顶301的伸缩杆带动浮筒200向靠近塔架基础100的位置运动，随着浮筒200向靠近塔架基础100的位置运动，折叠铰链302的多个折叠臂相互折叠在一起，减小了该漂浮式风机基础的水线面面积，使得该漂浮式风机基础所受到的波浪载荷减少，提高了该漂浮式风机基础的稳定性；当台风来临时，将液压千斤顶301的伸缩杆伸长，使液压千斤顶301的伸缩杆带动浮筒200向远离塔架基础100的位置运动，随着浮筒200向远离塔架基础100的位置运动，折叠铰链302的多个折叠臂展开，增大了该漂浮式风机基础的回复力矩，使得该漂浮式风机基础的稳定性增强。由此可见，本发明所提供的漂浮式风机基础能够通过折叠铰链302提高浮筒200与塔架基础100的连接稳定性，通过液压千斤顶301的伸缩实现浮筒200的展开和伸缩，较传统的漂浮式基础，在满足抗台需求的同时，又减少了漂浮式风机基础的冗余度，减轻了风电机组的制造成本。
需要说明是，每一个伸缩扩展机构300中可以有一个液压千斤顶301和一个折叠铰链302，或者多个液压千斤顶301和/或多个折叠铰链302，只要是能够满足使用要求的数量均属于本发明保护范围内；可选地，如图4至图6所示，本发明实施例中，液压千斤顶301的数量为两个，并且液压千斤顶301的伸缩杆与塔架基础100的轴线倾斜设置，折叠铰链302的数量为一个，以便于在台风工况时，通过液压千斤顶301将浮筒200推至远离塔架基础100的位置，通过一个折叠铰链302和两个液压千斤顶301形成稳定的三角形支撑结构，进一步提高该漂浮式风机基础在台风工况下的稳定性。
进一步地，该漂浮式风机基础还包括用于接收天气信息的控制器，控制器与液压千斤顶301电连接，以便于通过控制器接收天气信息，使控制器根据天气信息控制液压千斤顶301的伸缩动作。
应当理解，上述天气信息可以是陆上天气预报中心所作出的天气预报信息，控制器根据天气预报信息提前对液压千斤顶301的伸缩进行干预，当天气预报信息显示有台风预警时，控制器控制液压千斤顶301伸长，推动浮筒200向塔架基础100四周延伸，也就是说根据陆上天气预报中心所作出的天气预报信息对伸缩扩展机构300进行主动控制；或者天气信息为根据检测元器件实时检测的天气实况信息，当天气实况信息显示处于台风工况时，控制器控制液压千斤顶301伸长，推动浮筒200向塔架基础100四周延伸，也就是说根据天气实况信息对伸缩扩展机构300进行被动控制。
可选地，本发明实施例所提供的漂浮式风机基础根据天气实况信息对伸缩扩展机构300进行被动控制，该漂浮式风机基础还包括能够检测风机倾角的倾角仪、能够检测风速的测风雷达和能够检测浪高的漂浮式声呐测量设备，倾角仪、测风雷达和漂浮式声呐测量设备均与控制器电连接，以便于将检测到的风机倾角、风速和浪高等信息传输至控制器，当风机倾角超过倾角阈值、风速超过风速阈值和/或浪高超过浪高阈值时，控制器发出展开指令，液压千斤顶301接收展开指令后，液压千斤顶301的伸缩杆伸长，折叠铰链302展开，使得漂浮式风机基础的回复力矩增加，整个漂浮式风机的稳定性增强。
本发明对上述倾角阈值、风速阈值和浪高阈值的数值不作具体限定，只要是能够满足使用要求的数值均属于本发明保护范围内；可选地，本发明实施例所提供的倾角阈值为15°，风速阈值为117km/h，浪高阈值为14m。
进一步地，该漂浮式风机基础还包括抽水机，以便于通过抽水机增加浮筒200的压舱水，使该漂浮式风机基础的重心降低，提高该漂浮式风机基础对台风的抵御能力。
此外，本发明还公开了一种漂浮式风机，包括塔架400、设置于塔架400上的风机500和如上任意一项所述的漂浮式风机基础，塔架400设置于漂浮式风机基础上，以便于通过漂浮式风机基础支撑塔架400，由于该漂浮式风机包含了上述任意一项所述的漂浮式风机基础，因此兼顾了上述漂浮式风机基础的所有技术效果，本文在此不再一一赘述。
另外，上述塔架400为升降式结构，以便于在面临台风工况时，通过升降塔架400降低漂浮式风机的重心，提高该漂浮式风机对台风的抵御能力。
应当理解，上述升降式结构可以丝杠螺母传动、齿轮齿条传动或者滑块滑轨传动等传动方式，只要是能够满足使用要求的传动方式均属于本发明保护范围内；可选地，本发明实施例提供了一种具体的升降式结构。
如图7所示，该升降式结构包括设置于塔架基础100的升降驱动齿轮101，塔架400的外圆周设置有能够与升降驱动齿轮101配合的升降齿401，以便于通过升降驱动齿轮101带动塔架400升降，在面临台风工况时，通过该升降式结构降低漂浮式风机的重心，提高抗台能力。
应当理解，上述升降齿401可以通过设置于塔架400外圆周的齿条或者齿形带等零部件，也可以直接在塔架400的外圆周直接加工出齿形槽，只要是能够与升降驱动齿轮101配合，实现升降的结构均属于本发明保护范围内，并且，为提高升降稳定性，升降驱动齿轮101的数量为多个，多个升降驱动齿轮101沿塔架基础100的圆心呈圆形阵列分布。
如图8所示，浮筒的底部设置有减摇板201，以便于通过减摇板201进一步降低该漂浮式风机基础的重心，使漂浮式风机的重心降低，提高漂浮式风机对台风的抵御能力。
如图9所示，风机500包括轮毂501和设置于轮毂501上的叶片502，叶片502包括与轮毂501连接的第一叶片分体5021和与第一叶片分体5021转动连接的第二叶片分体5022，以便于在台风工况下，将第二叶片分体5022转动至与第一叶片分体5021重合，缩短叶片502的整体长度，提高该漂浮式风机的抗台能力。
如图10至图11所示，本发明还公开了一种抗台方法，应用于如上任意一项所述的漂浮式风机基础，包括步骤：
S1：当漂浮式风机处于台风工况时，液压千斤顶301的伸缩杆伸长，折叠铰链302展开，以增大浮筒200与塔架基础100之间的距离，增大该漂浮式风机基础的回复力矩，使得该漂浮式风机基础的稳定性增强。
由此可见，本发明所提供的抗台方法能够通过折叠铰链302提高浮筒200与塔架基础100的连接稳定性，通过液压千斤顶301的伸缩实现浮筒200的展开 和伸缩，较传统的漂浮式基础，在满足抗台需求的同时，又减少了漂浮式风机基础的冗余度，减轻了风电机组的制造成本。
另外，该抗台方法还包括位于步骤S1之前的：
SA1：接收天气信息，以根据天气信息控制液压千斤顶301的伸缩动作，以在台风工况时，通过液压千斤顶301的伸缩长度调节漂浮式风机基础的回复力矩，使得该漂浮式风机基础的稳定性增强。
应当理解，上述步骤SA1中所接收的天气信息可以是陆上天气预报中心所作出的天气预报信息，当天气预报信息显示有台风预警时，液压千斤顶301伸长，推动漂浮式风机基础的浮筒200向塔架基础100四周延伸，也就是说根据陆上天气预报中心所作出的天气预报信息对伸缩扩展机构300进行主动控制；或者天气信息为根据检测元器件实时检测的天气实况信息，当天气实况信息显示处于台风工况时，液压千斤顶301伸长，推动浮筒200向塔架基础100四周延伸，也就是说根据天气实况信息对伸缩扩展机构300进行被动控制；可选地，本发明实施例所提供的抗台方法中的SA1所接收的天气信息为天气实况信息。
具体地，SA1包括：
SA1-1：通过倾角仪检测风机500的倾角，通过测风雷达检测风速，通过漂浮式声呐测量设备检测浪高，以检测到的倾角、风速和浪高传输给控制器，通过控制器检测各参数是否超出阈值，亦即判断是否有台风来临。
SA1-2：当风机500的倾角超过倾角阈值、风速超过风速阈值和/或浪高超过浪高阈值时，亦即处于台风工况时，控制器发出展开指令，以控制液压千斤顶301的伸缩杆伸长。
SA1-3：液压千斤顶301接收展开指令后，液压千斤顶301的伸缩杆伸长，以增大该漂浮式风机基础的回复力矩，使该漂浮式风机基础的稳定性增强。
应当理解，上述步骤SA1-2中，可以是风机倾角、风速和浪高均超过对应的阈值时，控制器发出展开指令，也可以风机倾角、风速和浪高中的一个或者两个超出对应的阈值时，控制器发出展开指令，实际应用中，可以根据实际需求适应性修改判断条件。
并且，本发明对上述倾角阈值、风速阈值和浪高阈值的数值不作具体限定，只要是能够满足使用要求的数值均属于本发明保护范围内；可选地，本发明实施例所提供的倾角阈值为15°，风速阈值为117km/h，浪高阈值为14m。
此外，本发明还公开了一种风力发电方法，包括如上任意一项所述的抗台方法，因此兼具了上述抗台方法的所有技术效果，本文在此不再一一赘述。
本发明的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”和“第二”等是用于区别不同的对象，而不是用于描述特定的顺序。此外术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。例如包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备没有设定于已列出的步骤或单元，而是可包括没有列出的步骤或单元。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种漂浮式风机基础，其特征在于，包括：
    塔架基础；
    多个环绕所述塔架基础设置的浮筒；
    伸缩扩展机构，每个所述浮筒对应一个所述伸缩扩展机构，所述伸缩扩展机构包括液压千斤顶和折叠铰链，所述液压千斤顶的两端分别与所述塔架基础和所述浮筒铰接，所述折叠铰链包括多个相互铰接的折叠臂且所述折叠铰链的两端分别铰接于所述塔架基础和所述浮筒。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的漂浮式风机基础，其特征在于，还包括用于接收天气信息的控制器，所述控制器与所述液压千斤顶电连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的漂浮式风机基础，其特征在于，还包括能够检测风机倾角的倾角仪、能够检测风速的测风雷达和能够检测浪高的漂浮式声呐测量设备，所述倾角仪、所述测风雷达和所述漂浮式声呐测量设备均与所述控制器电连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的漂浮式风机基础，其特征在于，还包括用于增加所述浮筒的压舱水的抽水机。
  5. 一种漂浮式风机，其特征在于，包括塔架、设置于所述塔架上的风机和如权利要求1至4任意一项所述的漂浮式风机基础，所述塔架设置于所述漂浮式风机基础上。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的漂浮式风机基础，其特征在于，所述塔架为升降式结构。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的漂浮式风机基础，其特征在于，所述升降式结构包括设置于所述塔架基础的升降驱动齿轮，所述塔架的外圆周设置有能够与所述升降驱动齿轮配合的升降齿。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的漂浮式风机，其特征在于，所述风机包括轮毂和设置于所述轮毂上的叶片，所述叶片包括与所述轮毂连接的第一叶片分体和与所述第一叶片分体转动连接的第二叶片分体。
  9. 一种抗台方法，其特征在于，应用于如权利要求1至4任意一项所述的漂浮式风机基础，包括步骤：
    S1：当漂浮式风机处于台风工况时，所述液压千斤顶的伸缩杆伸长，所述折叠铰链展开，以增大所述浮筒与所述塔架基础之间的距离。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的抗台方法，其特征在于，还包括位于步骤S1之前的：
    SA1：接收天气信息，以根据所述天气信息控制所述液压千斤顶的伸缩动作。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的抗台方法，其特征在于，所述SA1包括：
    SA1-1：通过倾角仪检测风机的倾角，通过测风雷达检测风速，通过漂浮式声呐测量设备检测浪高；
    SA1-2：当所述风机的倾角超过倾角阈值、所述风速超过风速阈值和/或所述浪高超过所述浪高阈值时，所述控制器发出展开指令；
    SA1-3：所述液压千斤顶接收所述展开指令后，所述液压千斤顶的伸缩杆伸长。
  12. 一种风力发电方法，其特征在于，包括如权利要求9至11任意一项所述的抗台方法。
PCT/CN2022/117499 2022-02-21 2022-09-07 漂浮式风机基础、漂浮式风机、抗台方法和风力发电方法 WO2023155421A1 (zh)

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