Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
  • B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
  • B01D15/08—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
  • B01D15/08—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
  • B01D15/26—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
  • B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
  • B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
  • B01J21/063—Titanium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
  • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
  • B01J23/74—Iron group metals
  • B01J23/755—Nickel
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
  • B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
  • B01J35/39—Photocatalytic properties
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
  • B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
  • B01J35/58—Fabrics or filaments
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
  • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
  • B01J37/0201—Impregnation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
  • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
  • C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
  • C02F1/4672—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
  • C02F1/725—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation by catalytic oxidation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
  • C25B1/01—Products
  • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
  • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
  • C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
  • C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
  • C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
  • C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
  • A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
  • A61M1/3679—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits by absorption
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
  • A61M2202/0057—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated retained by adsorption
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
  • A61M2202/04—Liquids
  • A61M2202/0496—Urine
  • A61M2202/0498—Urea
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
  • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
  • C02F2101/38—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
  • C02F2305/08—Nanoparticles or nanotubes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
  • C02F2305/10—Photocatalysts

Definitions

• the present disclosure relates to the field of two-dimensional materials.
• the present disclosure provides a method, comprising: to an initial sample that has an initial concentration of urea in solution, contacting a composition comprising a metal oxide nanofilaments under such conditions that at least some of the urea adsorbs to the metal oxide nanofilaments so as to give rise to a final concentration of urea in the solution, the metal oxide nanofilaments optionally comprising titanium, the metal oxide nanofilaments optionally comprising carbon, the structure of the oxide nanofilaments optionally being an anatase structure or a lepidocrocite structure, and further optionally comprising illuminating the composition and the urea.
• An oxide nanofilament can be a metal oxide nanofilament having a one-dimensional lepidocrocite (1DL) structure.
• Such methods can be used in, e.g., dialysis applications, such as for patients who suffer from kidney ailments.
• a device for removing urea from an initial aqueous solution of urea comprising an exchangeable cartridge of metal oxide nanofilaments composition through which the initial aqueous solution is directed to pass, the passage adapted to allow the initial aqueous urea solution to contact the metal oxide nanofilaments contained in the cartridge, the metal oxide nanofilaments optionally comprising titanium, the metal oxide nanofilaments optionally comprising carbon, and the structure of the oxide nanofilaments optionally being an anatase structure or a lepidocrocite structure.
• Such devices can be used in, e.g., dialysis applications.
• a method comprising: contacting a composition comprising metal oxide-based nanofilaments to an initial sample that comprises a metal ion and/or a metal under such conditions that at least some of the metal ion and/or the metal associates with the metal oxide nanofilaments, the metal oxide nanofilaments optionally comprising titanium and the metal oxide nanofilaments optionally having an anatase structure or a lepidocrocite structure; and optionally comprising illuminating the composition and metal oxide nanofilaments and/or metal.
• composition comprising a metal oxide nanofilaments having at least two salts associated therewith.
• a method comprising: contacting (i) a composition comprising metal oxide nanofilaments with at least one metal of a metal salt associated therewith and (ii) solution to as to catalyze a reaction within the solution, the metal oxide nanofilaments optionally comprising titanium, the metal oxide nanofilaments optionally having an anatase structure or a lepidocrocite structure.
• the metal of the metal salt can be different from the metal of the metal oxide nanofilaments.
• FIG. 1 provides oxygen evolution reaction polarization curves in 0.1 M KOH for TCO (grey), TCO + Ni (green), TCO + Ni/Fe (red), and commercial IrO2 catalyst (black).
• the term “comprising” may include the embodiments “consisting of' and “consisting essentially of.”
• the terms “comprise(s),” “include(s),” “having,” “has,” “can,” “contain(s),” and variants thereof, as used herein, are intended to be open-ended transitional phrases, terms, or words that require the presence of the named ingredients/steps and permit the presence of other ingredients/steps.
• compositions or processes as “consisting of' and “consisting essentially of' the enumerated ingredients/steps, which allows the presence of only the named ingredients/steps, along with any impurities that might result therefrom, and excludes other ingredients/steps.
• the terms “about” and “at or about” mean that the amount or value in question can be the value designated some other value approximately or about the same. It is generally understood, as used herein, that it is the nominal value indicated ⁇ 10% variation unless otherwise indicated or inferred. The term is intended to convey that similar values promote equivalent results or effects recited in the claims. That is, it is understood that amounts, sizes, formulations, parameters, and other quantities and characteristics are not and need not be exact, but can be approximate and/or larger or smaller, as desired, reflecting tolerances, conversion factors, rounding off, measurement error and the like, and other factors known to those of skill in the art.
• an amount, size, formulation, parameter or other quantity or characteristic is “about” or “approximate” whether or not expressly stated to be such. It is understood that where “about” is used before a quantitative value, the parameter also includes the specific quantitative value itself, unless specifically stated otherwise.
• approximating language may be applied to modify any quantitative representation that may vary without resulting in a change in the basic function to which it is related. Accordingly, a value modified by a term or terms, such as “about” and “substantially,” may not be limited to the precise value specified, in some cases. In at least some instances, the approximating language may correspond to the precision of an instrument for measuring the value.
• the modifier “about” should also be considered as disclosing the range defined by the absolute values of the two endpoints. For example, the expression “from about 2 to about 4” also discloses the range “from 2 to 4.” The term “about” may refer to plus or minus 10% of the indicated number.
• compositions that comprises components A and B may be a composition that includes A, B, and other components, but may also be a composition made of A and B only. Any documents cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entireties for any and all purposes.
• the exchange process can include convective mixing of the colloidal TCO material in an aqueous solution containing one or more inorganic/organic salts of transition metal species.
• Convective stirring without the addition of external driving force e.g., temperature, potential, reactive agent, reducing agent, etc., yields a self-limiting incorporation of transition metals into the TCO material. This occurs both with and without exchange of Ti atoms in the parent material.
• Analysis of the composition of the material demonstrates incorporation of the new transition metal, indicating that it is not simply intercalated as an ion in between the layers.
• the electrochemical redox behavior can be indicative of the new transition metal being a reduced species.
• This exchange process does not occur on other oxide materials, indicating an aspect of the TCO that favors this exchange and incorporation of reduced metallic species into the material.
• This process is suitable for a variety of metals, including transition metals whose equilibrium potentials are higher than titanium. This process has been demonstrated to be self-limiting as the quantity of metal exchange and overall performance of material does not change with increased duration of the exchange process.
• FIG. 1 demonstrates the impact of Ni and Ni/Fe additives to the TCO by measuring the activity of the material for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER).
• OER oxygen evolution reaction
• a marked increase in the activity of the material as measured by an increased current at a given potential above 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), over the plain TCO is observed.
• RHE reversible hydrogen electrode
• IrCh current industrial state of the art OER catalyst
• the Ni/Fe incorporated TCO yields an OER performance that matches that of the current industrial state of the art. This result demonstrates the utility of the described approach in tuning the catalytic capabilities of the TCO material.
• a method comprising: to an initial sample that has an initial concentration of urea in solution, contacting a composition comprising metal oxide nanofilaments under such conditions that at least some of the urea adsorbs to the metal oxide nanofilaments so as to give rise to a final concentration of urea in the solution, the metal oxide nanofilaments optionally comprising titanium, the metal oxide nanofilaments optionally comprising carbon, the structure of the oxide nanofilaments optionally being an anatase structure or a lepidocrocite structure, and further optionally comprising illuminating the composition and the urea.
• Titanium oxide nanofilaments are considered especially suitable.
• nanofilaments Example of one dimensional nanofilaments are described in Badr, et al., “Bottom-Up, Scalable Synthesis Of Anatase Nanofilament-Based Two-Dimensional Titanium Carbo-Oxide Flakes,” Materials Today 2021 (https://doi.Org/l0.10l6/j. attod.202El0.03lt) and Badr, et al., “On the structure of one-dimensional TiO2 lepidocrocite”, Matter 2023 (https:/7doi.org/l 0.1016/j .matt.2022.10.015).
• the nanofilaments can be comprised in the form of mesoporous materials (e.g., powders), in the form of sheets, and other forms. It should be understood that nanofilaments can be tubular in nature.
• nanofilaments can be comprised in the form of mesoporous materials (e.g., powders), in the form of sheets, and other forms.
• Aspect 2 The method of claim 1, wherein the initial concentration of urea is in a range of from 10 mmol/L to 1000 mmol/L, or is initially in a concentration range from 15 to 40 mg/dL mg/dL, and the final concentration is at least 10% less than the initial concentration, and wherein the sample solution is or comprises blood or a blood product and conditions do not compromise the utility of the blood or blood product for later use by a human patient.
• Aspect 3 The method of claim 2, wherein the final concentration is at least 30% less than the initial concentration.
• Aspect 4 The method of claim 3, wherein the final concentration is at least 50% less than the initial concentration.
• Aspect 5 The method of claim 4, wherein the final concentration is at least 70% less than the initial concentration.
• a device for removing urea from an initial aqueous solution of urea comprising an exchangeable cartridge of metal oxide nanofilaments composition through which the initial aqueous solution is directed to pass, the cartridge adapted to allow the initial aqueous urea solution to contact the metal oxide nanofilaments contained in the cartridge, the metal oxide nanofilaments optionally comprising titanium, the metal oxide nanofilaments optionally comprising carbon, and the structure of the oxide nanofilaments optionally being an anatase structure or a lepidocrocite structure.
• Aspect 7 The device of claim 6, wherein the device is adapted to allow the initial aqueous solution of urea to percolate through at least a portion of the metal oxide nanofilaments.
• Aspect 8 The device of claim 6, wherein the cartridge comprises channels coated with the metal oxide nanofilaments.
• Aspect 9 The device of claim 6, wherein the cartridge comprises channels coated with the metal oxide nanofilaments, the metal oxide nanofilaments comprising titanium and the metal oxide nanofilaments having an anatase structure or a lepidocrocite structure.
• Aspect 10 The device of claim 6, wherein the metal oxide nanofilaments composition is present as a plurality of stacked layers.
• a method comprising: contacting a composition comprising metal oxide-based nanofilaments to an initial sample that comprises a metal ion and/or a metal under such conditions that at least some of the metal ion and/or the metal associates with the metal oxide nanofilaments, the metal oxide nanofilaments optionally comprising titanium and the metal oxide nanofilaments optionally having an anatase structure or a lepidocrocite structure; and optionally comprising illuminating the composition and metal oxide nanofilaments and/or metal.
• the metal ion and/or metal comprises As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn, Co, or Mn, Ir, Au, Ru, Re, Pt, Pd, Ag or any ion thereof.
• Aspect 13 The method of claim 11, wherein the illuminating comprises xenon lamp illumination.
• Aspect 14 The method of claim 11, wherein the illuminating comprises natural light
• Aspect 15 The method of any one of claims 11-14, wherein the association (which can be adsorption) is essentially complete within about 1 hour.
• Aspect 16 The method of claim 15, wherein the adsorption is essentially complete within about 15 minutes.
• Aspect 17 The method of claim 16, wherein the adsorption is essentially complete within from about 2 to about 3 minutes.
• a composition comprising a metal oxide nanofilaments having at least two different metal salts associated therewith.
• the metals of the at least two salts can be different than the metal of the metal oxide nanofilaments.
• Aspect 19 The composition of claim 18, wherein at least one of the at least two different metal salts comprises nickel.
• Aspect 20 The composition of claim 18, wherein at least one of the at least two different metal salts comprises iron.
• a method comprising: contacting (i) a composition comprising metal oxide nanofilaments with at least one metal of a metal salt associated therewith and (ii) solution to as to catalyze a reaction within the solution, the metal oxide nanofilaments optionally comprising titanium, the metal oxide nanofilaments optionally having an anatase structure or a lepidocrocite structure.
• the metal of the metal salt can be different from the metal of the metal oxide nanofilaments.
• Aspect 22 The method of claim 21, wherein the reaction proceeds more rapidly than if the metal oxide nanofilaments lacked the at least one salt associated therewith.
• Aspect 23 The method of any one of claims 21-22, wherein the at least one salt comprises iron, nickel, or any combination thereof.
• Aspect 24 The method of any one of claims 21-23, wherein the solution comprises water.
• Aspect 25 The method of any one of claims 21-24, wherein the reaction is an electrochemical reaction that includes application of a current to the solution.

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• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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• 2023
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