WO2023154566A1

WO2023154566A1 - Apparatus and method for a station-to-station wireless local area network sensing procedure

Info

Publication number: WO2023154566A1
Application number: PCT/US2023/013030
Authority: WO
Inventors: Enrico Rantala; Khashayar Mirfakhraei; Yi-Hsiu Wang
Original assignee: Zeku, Inc.
Priority date: 2022-02-14
Filing date: 2023-02-14
Publication date: 2023-08-17

Abstract

According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a method of wireless communication of a first station (STA) is provided. The method may include performing, by at least one processor, a sensing-by-proxy (SBP) negotiation procedure with an access point (AP). The SBP negotiation procedure may include a request for a second STA to perform a wireless local area network (WLAN) sensing procedure with the AP. The second STA may be different than the first STA. In response to a successful SBP negotiation with the AP, the method may include receiving, by the at least one processor, one or more operational parameters associated with a WLAN sensing receiver component during a WLAN sensing session from the AP.

Description

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR A STATION-TO-STATION WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORK SENSING PROCEDURE

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/309,856, filed on February 14, 2022, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

[0002] Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatus and method for wireless communication.

[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts. In wireless local area network (WLAN) communication (e.g., such as Wi-Fi) and in cellular communication (e.g., such as the 4th-generation (4G) Long Term Evolution (LTE) and the 5th-generation (5G) New Radio (NR)), the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) define various operations for WLAN sensing.

SUMMARY

[0004] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a method of wireless communication of a first station (STA) is provided. The method may include performing, by at least one processor, a sensing-by-proxy (SBP) negotiation procedure with an access point (AP). The SBP negotiation procedure may include a request for a second STA to perform a WLAN sensing procedure with the AP. The second STA may be different than the first STA. In response to a successful SBP negotiation with the AP, the method may include receiving, by the at least one processor, one or more operational parameters associated with a WLAN sensing receiver component during a WLAN sensing session from the AP.

[0005] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus for wireless communication of a first STA is provided. The apparatus may include at least one processor. The apparatus may include memory storing instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform an SBP negotiation procedure with an AP. The SBP negotiation procedure may include a request for a second STA to perform a WLAN sensing procedure with the AP. The second STA may be different than the first STA. The apparatus may include memory storing instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to, in response to a successful SBP negotiation with the AP, receive one or more operational parameters associated with a WLAN sensing receiver component during a WLAN sensing session from the AP.

[0006] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer- readable medium of a first STA is provided. The non-transitory computer-readable medium may store instructions, which when executed by at least one processor of a first STA, that cause the at least one processor to perform an SBP negotiation procedure with an AP. The SBP negotiation procedure may include a request for a second STA to perform a WLAN sensing procedure with the AP, and the second STA being different than the first STA. The non-transitory computer- readable medium may store instructions, which when executed by at least one processor of a first STA, that cause the at least one processor to, in response to a successful SBP negotiation with the AP, receive one or more operational parameters associated with a WLAN sensing receiver component during a WLAN sensing session from the AP.

[0007] According to still another aspect of the present disclosure, a method of wireless communication of an AP is provided. The method may include performing, by at least one processor, an SBP negotiation procedure with a first STA. The SBP negotiation procedure may include a request for a second STA to perform a WLAN sensing procedure with the AP. The second STA may be different than the first STA. In response to a successful SBP negotiation with the AP, the method may include transmitting, by the at least one processor, one or more operational parameters associated with a WLAN sensing receiver component during a WLAN sensing session to the first STA.

[0008] According to yet a further aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus for wireless communication of an AP is provided. The AP may include at least one processor. The AP may include memory storing instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor, that cause the at least one processor to perform an SBP negotiation procedure with a first STA. The SBP negotiation procedure may include a request for a second STA to perform a WLAN sensing procedure with the AP. The second STA may be different than the first STA. The AP may include memory storing instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor, that cause the at least one processor to, in response to a successful SBP negotiation with the AP, transmit one or more operational parameters associated with a WLAN sensing receiver component during a WLAN sensing session to the first STA.

[0009] According to yet another aspect of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable medium of an AP is provided. The non-transitory computer-readable medium may store instructions, which when executed by at least one processor of an access point, that cause the at least one processor to perform an SBP negotiation procedure with a first STA. The SBP negotiation procedure includes a request for a second STA to perform a WLAN sensing procedure with the AP. The second STA may be different than the first STA. The non-transitory computer- readable medium may store instructions, which when executed by at least one processor of an access point, that cause the at least one processor to, in response to a successful SBP negotiation with the AP, transmit one or more operational parameters associated with a WLAN sensing receiver component during a WLAN sensing session to the first STA.

[0010] These illustrative embodiments are mentioned not to limit or define the present disclosure, but to provide examples to aid understanding thereof. Additional embodiments are discussed in the Detailed Description, and further description is provided there.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and form a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the description, further serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure and to enable a person skilled in the pertinent art to make and use the present disclosure.

[0012] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary wireless network, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0013] FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary node, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of a first apparatus including a radio, a wireless network interface, and a host chip, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram of a second apparatus including a radio, a wireless network interface, and a host chip, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 5A illustrates a diagram of an exemplary technique of STA-STA WLAN sensing, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 5B illustrates a call flow for implementing an exemplary STA-STA WLAN sensing procedure, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [0018] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a first method for wireless communication, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a second method for wireless communication, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0020] Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] Although specific configurations and arrangements are discussed, it should be understood that this is done for illustrative purposes only. A person skilled in the pertinent art will recognize that other configurations and arrangements can be used without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to a person skilled in the pertinent art that the present disclosure can also be employed in a variety of other applications.

[0022] It is noted that references in the specification to “one embodiment,” “an embodiment,” “an example embodiment,” “some embodiments,” “certain embodiments,” etc., indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every embodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it would be within the knowledge of a person skilled in the pertinent art to effect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.

[0023] In general, terminology may be understood at least in part from usage in context. For example, the term “one or more” as used herein, depending at least in part upon context, may be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in a singular sense or may be used to describe combinations of features, structures or characteristics in a plural sense. Similarly, terms, such as “a,” “an,” or “the,” again, may be understood to convey a singular usage or to convey a plural usage, depending at least in part upon context. In addition, the term “based on” may be understood as not necessarily intended to convey an exclusive set of factors and may, instead, allow for existence of additional factors not necessarily expressly described, again, depending at least in part on context.

[0024] Various aspects of wireless communication systems will now be described with reference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methods will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, units, components, circuits, steps, operations, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as “elements”). These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, firmware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware, firmware, or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0025] The techniques described herein may be used for various wireless communication networks, such as code division multiple access (CDMA) system, time division multiple access (TDMA) system, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) system, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC- FDMA) system, wireless local area network (WLAN) system, a global navigation satellites system (GNSS), and other networks. The terms “network” and “system” are often used interchangeably. A CDMA network may implement a radio access technology (RAT), such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), CDMA 2000, etc. A TDMA network may implement a RAT, such as the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). An OFDMA network may implement a RAT, such as LTE or NR. A WLAN system may implement a RAT, such as Wi-Fi. The techniques described herein may be used for the wireless networks and RATs mentioned above, as well as other wireless networks and RATs.

[0026] Some limiting factors related to radar detection performance include the relative location of the transmitter and the receiver with respect to the target, as well as unwanted interfering targets. Presently, only access point (AP)-station (STA) WLAN sensing is supported by known techniques. However, in some scenarios, it may be beneficial for an STA to perform WLAN sensing with another STA instead of an AP. Such a scenario may arise when a more desirable sensing signal diversity and/or higher sensing signal strength may be achieved using STA-STA WLAN sensing. For example, when an interfering target is located between the AP and the target-of-interest, using STA-STA WLAN sensing may improve the accuracy of motion estimation for the target-of-interest. Unfortunately, STA-STA WLAN sensing is not presently supported by known techniques. Moreover, some WLAN techniques require Wi-Fi hotspot capability (e.g., soft-AP), which may not be available in low-power or intemet-of-things (loT) devices. Thus, even in AP-STA WLAN sensing, loT STAs may not be used.

[0027] To overcome these and other challenges, the present disclosure provides an exemplary STA-STA WLAN sensing technique that includes a sensing-by-proxy (SBP) negotiation initiated by a first STA with an AP. The SBP negotiation may include a request for a second STA (remote from the first STA) to act as a WLAN sensing transmitter. When the SBP negotiation is successful, the first STA may receive a set of operational parameters associated with the WLAN sensing session from the AP. The AP may initiate with the second STA. During the WLAN sensing session, the second STA may transmit a WLAN sensing subtype frame that reflects off of the target-of-interest. The first STA may use the received reflection to estimate motion- related information (e.g., speed, direction, trajectory, possible action, etc.) associated with the target. In some embodiments, one or more of the first STA or the second STA may include an loT device, which lacks Wi-Fi hotspot capabilities. Additional details of the exemplary STA-STA WLAN sensing technique are provided below in connection with FIGs. 1-7.

[0028] FIG. 1 shows a simplified architecture of a wireless communication system 100 in accordance with certain embodiments presented herein. System 100 may include non-access point (AP) stations (STAs), such as UEs 120-1 through 120-w (collectively referred to as UEs 120), and AP STAs, such as APs 140-1 through 140-4 (collectively referred to as APs 140). UEs 120 and APsl40 may communicate over a wireless communication network 130. Examples of UEs 120 may include, e.g., smartphones, vehicles, wearable devices, laptops, loT devices, or any other device that can provide a navigation function to a user. In some embodiments, wireless communication network 130 may take the form of and/or may include one or more wireless local area networks (WLANs) or the internet. In some embodiments, UEs 120 and/or APs 140 may communicate with server 150 via wireless communication network 130. While system 100 illustrates some UEs 120 and APs 140, the number of UEs 120 and APs 140 in a wireless communication network (e.g., a WLAN) may be varied in accordance with various system parameters. In general, system 100 may include a smaller or larger number of UEs 120 and/or APs 140.

[0029] In some embodiments, as outlined above, one UE 120 (e.g., an SBP requesting STA) may initiate an SBP negotiation procedure with AP 140. The SBP negotiation procedure may include a request for another UE 120 to act as a WLAN sensing transmitter during a WLAN sensing session in which the SBP requesting STA acts as the WLAN sensing receiver. When the SBP negotiation procedure is successful, the SBP requesting STA may receive a set of operational parameters associated with the WLAN sensing session. Then, the SBP requesting STA may activate the WLAN sensing receiver component for the WLAN sensing session. The WLAN sensing transmitter UE may transmit a WLAN sensing subtype frame (or other sensing signals) toward a target-of-interest. The WLAN sensing receiver UE may use the reflected signal to estimate motion-related information associated with the target-of-interest. Additional details of the exemplary operations performed by the SBP requesting STA to enable STA-STA WLAN sensing are provided below in connection with FIGs. 3, 5A, 5B, and 6. Additional details of the exemplary operations performed by AP 140 to enable STA-STA WLAN sensing are provided below in connection with FIGs. 4, 5A, 5B, and 7.

[0030] Each element in FIG. 1 may be considered a node of wireless communication system 100. More detail regarding the possible implementation of a node is provided by way of example in the description of a node 200 in FIG. 2. Node 200 may be configured as UE 120, AP 140, or server 150 in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 2, node 200 may include a processor 202, a memory 204, and a transceiver 206. These components are shown as connected to one another by a bus, but other connection types are also permitted. When node 200 is UE 120, additional components may also be included, such as a user interface (UI), sensors, and the like. Similarly, node 200 may be implemented as a blade in a server system when node 200 is configured as server 150. Other implementations are also possible.

[0031] Transceiver 206 may include any suitable device for sending and/or receiving data. Node 200 may include one or more transceivers, although only one transceiver 206 is shown for simplicity of illustration. An antenna 208 is shown as a possible communication mechanism for node 200. Multiple antennas and/or arrays of antennas may be utilized for receiving multiple spatially multiplex data streams. Additionally, examples of node 200 may communicate using wired techniques rather than (or in addition to) wireless techniques. For example, AP 140 may communicate wirelessly to UE 120 and may communicate by a wired connection (for example, by optical or coaxial cable) to server 150. Other communication hardware, such as a network interface card (NIC), may be included as well.

[0032] As shown in FIG. 2, node 200 may include processor 202. Although only one processor is shown, it is understood that multiple processors can be included. Processor 202 may include microprocessors, microcontroller units (MCUs), digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functions described throughout the present disclosure. Processor 202 may be a hardware device having one or more processing cores. Processor 202 may execute software. Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. Software can include computer instructions written in an interpreted language, a compiled language, or machine code. Other techniques for instructing hardware are also permitted under the broad category of software. [0033] As shown in FIG. 2, node 200 may also include memory 204. Although only one memory is shown, it is understood that multiple memories can be included. Memory 204 can broadly include both memory and storage. For example, memory 204 may include random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), ferroelectric RAM (FRAM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disk storage, hard disk drive (HDD), such as magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, Flash drive, solid-state drive (SSD), or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions that can be accessed and executed by processor 202. Broadly, memory 204 may be embodied by any computer-readable medium, such as a non-transitory computer-readable medium.

[0034] Processor 202, memory 204, and transceiver 206 may be implemented in various forms in node 200 for performing wireless communication functions. In some embodiments, processor 202, memory 204, and transceiver 206 of node 200 are implemented (e.g., integrated) on at least one system-on-chip (SoC) or system-in-package (SiP). In one example, processor 202 and memory 204 may be integrated on an application processor (AP) SoC (sometimes known as a “host,” referred to herein as a “host chip”) that handles application processing in an operating system (OS) environment, including generating raw data to be transmitted. In another example, processor 202 and memory 204 may be integrated on a baseband processor (BP) SoC (sometimes known as a “modem,” referred to herein as a “radio”) that converts the raw data, e.g., from the host chip, to signals that can be used to modulate the carrier frequency for transmission, and vice versa, which can run a real-time operating system (RTOS). In still another example, processor 202 and transceiver 206 (and memory 204 in some cases) may be integrated on an RF SoC (sometimes known as a “transceiver,” referred to herein as a “wireless network interface”) that transmits and receives RF signals with antenna 208. It is understood that in some examples, some or all of the host chip, radio, and wireless network interface may be integrated as a single SoC. For example, a radio and a wireless network interface may be integrated into a single SoC that manages all the radio functions for SBP negotiation, WLAN sensing, estimation of motion-related information for a target-of-interested, WLAN communication, wireless personal area network (WPAN) communication, and/or cellular communication.

[0035] FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of a first apparatus 300 including a radio 302, a wireless network interface 304, and a host chip 306, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0036] Referring to FIG. 3, first apparatus 300 may be implemented as UE 120 (e.g., an SBP negotiating STA) of wireless communication system 100 in FIG. 1. Radio 302 may be, for example, a baseband chip or a modem. In some embodiments, radio 302 is implemented by processor 202 and memory 204, and wireless network interface 304 is implemented by processor 202, memory 204, and transceiver 206, as described above with respect to FIG. 2.

[0037] Besides the on-chip memory 318 (also known as “internal memory,” e.g., registers, buffers, or caches) on radio 302, wireless network interface 304, or host chip 306, first apparatus 300 may further include an external memory 308 (e.g., the system memory or main memory) that can be shared by radio 302, wireless network interface 304, or host chip 306 through the system/main bus. On-chip memory 318 and/or external memory 308 may include a non-volatile memory. Although radio 302 is illustrated as a standalone SoC in FIG. 3, it is understood that in one example, radio 302 and wireless network interface 304 may be integrated as one SoC or SiP; in another example, radio 302 and host chip 306 may be integrated as one SoC or SiP; in still another example, radio 302, wireless network interface 304, and host chip 306 may be integrated as one SoC or SiP, as described above.

[0038] In the uplink, host chip 306 may generate raw data and send it to radio 302 for encoding, modulation, and mapping. Interface 314 of radio 302 may receive the data from host chip 306. Radio 302 may also access the raw data generated by host chip 306 and stored in external memory 308, for example, using the direct memory access (DMA). Radio 302 may first encode (e.g., by source coding and/or channel coding) the raw data and modulate the coded data using any suitable modulation techniques, such as multi-phase shift keying (MPSK) modulation or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). Radio 302 may perform any other function, such as symbol or layer mapping, to convert the raw data into a signal that can be used to modulate the carrier frequency for transmission. In the uplink, radio 302 may send the modulated signal to wireless network interface 304 via interface 314. Wireless network interface 304, through a transmitter (TX) 350, may convert the modulated signal in the digital form into analog signals, i.e., RF signals, and perform any suitable front-end RF functions, such as filtering, digital predistortion, up-conversion, or sample-rate conversion. Antenna array 310 may transmit the RF signals provided by TX 350 of wireless network interface 304. In some embodiments, radio 302 may be configured to perform receiving functions only. Here, the transmission function may be implemented via a wireless network interface, e.g., such as a Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or cellular communication component, that is attached to radio 302.

[0039] In the downlink, antenna array 310 may receive, e.g., SBP negotiating signaling from an AP, and/or a WLAN sensing subtype frame reflection (or other sensing signal reflection) from a target-of-interest during an STA-STA sensing session, for example. When the SBP negotiation is successful, the SBP negotiation signaling may include one or more operational parameters associated with the forthcoming WLAN sensing session. However, the SBP negotiating signaling may include an error message when SBP negotiation is unsuccessful. In either case, the SBP negotiation signaling and/or the WLAN sensing subtype frame reflection may be passed to a receiver (RX) 340 of wireless network interface 304. Wireless network interface 304 may perform any suitable front-end RF functions, such as filtering, IQ imbalance compensation, down-paging conversion, or sample-rate conversion, and convert the RF signals (e.g., transmission) into low-frequency digital signals (baseband signals) that can be processed by radio 302.

[0040] As seen in FIG. 3, radio 302 may include, e.g., an SBP negotiation component 320, a WLAN sensing receiver component 322, and a motion estimation component 324. Each of SBP negotiation component 320, WLAN sensing receiver component 322, motion estimation component 324 may include shared or dedicated hardware, firmware, software, or any combination thereof to implement the operations described below in connection with FIGs. 5A, 5B, and 6.

[0041] FIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram of a second apparatus 400 including a radio 402, a wireless network interface 404, and a host chip 406, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0042] Referring to FIG. 4, second apparatus 400 may be implemented as AP 140 (e.g., a WLAN sensing session initiator) of wireless communication system 100 in FIG. 1. In some embodiments, radio 402 is implemented by processor 202 and memory 204, and wireless network interface 404 is implemented by processor 202, memory 204, and transceiver 206, as described above with respect to FIG. 2. [0043] Besides the on-chip memory 418 (also known as “internal memory,” e.g., registers, buffers, or caches) on radio 402, wireless network interface 404, or host chip 406, second apparatus 400 may further include an external memory 408 (e.g., the system memory or main memory) that can be shared by radio 402, wireless network interface 404, or host chip 406 through the system/main bus. On-chip memory 418 and/or external memory 408 may include a non-volatile memory. Although radio 402 is illustrated as a standalone SoC in FIG. 4, it is understood that in one example, radio 402 and wireless network interface 404 may be integrated as one SoC or SiP; in another example, radio 402 and host chip 406 may be integrated as one SoC or SiP; in still another example, radio 402, wireless network interface 404, and host chip 406 may be integrated as one SoC or SiP, as described above.

[0044] In the downlink, host chip 406 may generate raw data and send it to radio 402 for encoding, modulation, and mapping. Interface 414 of radio 402 may receive the data from host chip 406. Radio 402 may also access the raw data generated by host chip 406 and stored in external memory 408, for example, using the direct memory access (DMA). Radio 402 may first encode (e.g., by source coding and/or channel coding) the raw data and modulate the coded data using any suitable modulation techniques, such as multi-phase shift keying (MPSK) modulation or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). Radio 402 may perform any other function, such as symbol or layer mapping, to convert the raw data into a signal that can be used to modulate the carrier frequency for transmission. In the uplink, radio 402 may send the modulated signal to wireless network interface 404 via interface 414. Wireless network interface 404, through a transmitter (TX) 450, may convert the modulated signal in the digital form into analog signals, i.e., RF signals, and perform any suitable front-end RF functions, such as filtering, digital predistortion, up-conversion, or sample-rate conversion. Antenna array 410 may transmit the RF signals provided by TX 450 of wireless network interface 404. In some embodiments, radio 402 may be configured to perform receiving functions only. Here, the transmission function may be implemented via a wireless network interface, e.g., such as a Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or cellular communication component, that is attached to radio 402.

[0045] In the uplink, antenna array 410 may receive, e.g., SBP negotiating signaling from a first STA, and/or a WLAN sensing session negotiation signaling from a second STA, for example. The SBP negotiating signaling may include a request for the second STA to act as a WLAN sensing transmitter for STA-STA WLAN sensing. The SBP negotiating signaling and/or WLAN sensing session negotiation signaling may be passed to an RX 440 of wireless network interface 404. Wireless network interface 404 may perform any suitable front-end RF functions, such as filtering, IQ imbalance compensation, down-paging conversion, or sample-rate conversion, and convert the RF signals (e.g., transmission) into low-frequency digital signals (baseband signals) that can be processed by radio 402.

[0046] As seen in FIG. 4, radio 402 may include, e.g., an SBP negotiation component 420 and WLAN sensing component 422. Each of SBP negotiation component 420 and WLAN sensing component 422 may include shared or dedicated hardware, firmware, software, or any combination thereof to implement the operations described below in connection with FIGs. 5A, 5B, and 7.

[0047] FIG. 5A illustrates a diagram 500 of an exemplary technique of STA-STA WLAN sensing, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 5 A, a WLAN network including a first STA 502a, a second STA 502b, an AP 504, and a target 506 is shown. [0048] Still referring to FIG. 5 A, first STA 502a may initiate SBP negotiation with AP 504. The SBP negotiation may include a request for second STA 502b to act as a WLAN sensing session transmitter during a WLAN sensing session in which first STA 502a acts as the WLAN sensing session receiver. When the SBP negotiation is successful, AP 504 may indicate one or more operational parameters (described below in connection with FIG. 5B) to first STA 502a. Then, first STA 502a may activate its receiver WLAN sensing session role. AP 504 may also signal the operational parameters to second STA 502b. Second STA 502b may transmit a sensing signal (e.g., a WLAN sensing subtype frame, or another type of signal) in the general environment that includes target 506 (e.g., the target-of-interest) based on the operational parameters. The reflection may be received by both AP 504 and first STA 502a. However, the reflection-of-interest may be the reflection received by first STA 502a. First STA 502a may process the received reflection to estimate motion-related information associated with target 506. The various signaling to enable the exemplary STA-STA WLAN sensing technique depicted in FIG. 5A are described below in connection with FIG. 5B.

[0049] FIG. 5B illustrates a detailed signaling flow 550 for implementing the exemplary STA-STA WLAN sensing procedure depicted in FIG. 5A, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 5B will be described together in connection with the various components of radio 302 and radio 402 of FIGs. 3 and 4, respectively. Signaling flow 550 may be implemented between first STA 502a, AP 504, second STA 502b, and target 506.

[0050] Referring to FIG. 5B, first STA 502a, which may be a WLAN sensing capable non- AP STA (e.g., loT device), may initiate an SBP negotiation procedure with AP 504. The SBP negotiation procedure may be initiated when first STA 502a detects the presence or motion of target 506, in some examples. As part of the SBP negotiation procedure, first STA 502a may send (at 602501) an SBP request to AP 504. In some embodiments, the SBP request may be an SBP request frame. The SBP request may include an indication of AP 504 as the initiator and receiver of the WLAN sensing session. Additionally and/or alternatively, the SBP request may indicate second STA 502b (e.g., one or more WLAN capable STAs, non-Wi-Fi hotspot capable or otherwise) as the responder and transmitter during the WLAN sensing session.

[0051] Second STA 502b may be indicated in an information element that includes, e.g., a medium access control (MAC) address, association identifier (AID), or unassociated identifier (UTD) (also referred to as a “user identifier) of second STA 502b. Still further, the SBP request may include an indication of one or more operational parameters for the requested WLAN sensing session. The SBP negotiation enables first STA 502a to gain control of potential transmitters (e.g., second STA 502b) for WLAN sensing of target 506.

[0052] By way of example and not limitation, the operational parameters indicated during SBP negotiation may include, e.g., at least one time instant for a WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one channel for a WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one bandwidth for a WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one transmission power for a WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one sensing measurement type, and/or at least one sensing session role, just to name a few.

[0053] Based on the information included in the SBP request, AP 504 may perform (at 503) a WLAN sensing session negotiation with second STA 502b. The negotiation may include which operational parameters will be used during the WLAN sensing session. In some instances, the operational parameters determined for the WLAN sensing session may be those requested by first STA 502a in the SBP request. However, in some other instances, the operational parameters determined for the WLAN sensing session may be different than those requested by first STA 502a. In either case, when the available computational resources at second STA 502b can support a WLAN sensing session at the requested time, the SBP negotiation may be deemed successful. When the SBP negotiation is successful, AP 504 may send (at 505a) the operational parameters associated with the scheduled WLAN sensing session to first STA 502a. In some embodiments, the operational parameters may be indicated in an SBP confirm frame, which indicates SBP negotiation success.

[0054] The operational parameters may be indicated (at 505a) in information element(s). Non-limiting examples of the operational parameters may include, e.g., WLAN sensing session timing, WLAN sensing session frequency, WLAN sensing session bandwidth, etc. The WLAN sensing session timing information element may indicate at least one transmission time of a WLAN sensing subtype frame that will be used by second STA 502b. The sensing session frequency information element may indicate at least one frequency used to carry the WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission(s). The WLAN sensing session bandwidth information element may indicate at least one bandwidth of the WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission(s).

[0055] However, in some instances, AP 504 may determine that second STA 502b is unavailable for WLAN sensing. This may be due to previously scheduled computations and/or communication by second STA 502b that renders it unavailable for WLAN sensing at the requested time. The SBP negotiation may be deemed unsuccessful when AP 504 determines second STA 502b is unavailable for WLAN sensing. When the SBP negotiation is unsuccessful, AP 504 may send (at 505b) an error message to first STA 502a.

[0056] When first STA 502a receives (at 505a) the operational parameters and/or SBP confirm frame, it may activate (at 507) its WLAN sensing receiver component 322. This may occur prior to or at the start of the WLAN sensing session. Similarly, second STA 502b may activate its WLAN sensing transmitter component prior to or at the start of the WLAN sensing session. The WLAN sensing transmitter component of second STA 502b may generate a sensing signal, such as a WLAN sensing subtype frame, which is transmitted (at 511) into the surrounding environment. Non-limiting examples of WLAN sensing subtype frame(s) include, e.g., a Null Data Packet (NPD) or a Null Data Packet Announcement (NDPA), just to name a few.

[0057] The transmitted sensing signal may collide with target 506. The collision may cause an echo signal to be reflected off of the target. The reflected signal may be received (at 513a) by AP 504. The reflection-of-interest, however, may be the reflected signal received (at 513b) by first STA 502a. WLAN sensing receiver component 322 may process the reflected signal to extract various signal/radar information, which is sent to motion estimation component 324. Motion estimation component 324 may estimate (at 515) motion-related information of target 506. For example, the motion-related information may include the speed of target 506, a trajectory of target 506, or a potential action by target 506, just to name a few.

[0058] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a first exemplary method 600 of wireless communication, according to embodiments of the disclosure. Method 600 may be performed by an apparatus, e.g., such as UE 120, first apparatus 300, radio 302, SBP negotiation component 320, WLAN sensing receiver component 322, motion estimation component 324, first STA 502a, etc. Method 600 may include steps 602-612, as described below. It is to be appreciated that some of the steps may be optional, and some of the steps may be performed simultaneously, or in a different order than shown in FIG. 6.

[0059] Referring to FIG. 6, at 602, the apparatus may perform an SBP negotiation procedure with an AP. For example, referring to FIG. 5B, first STA 502a, which may be a WLAN sensing capable non-AP STA (e.g., loT device), may initiate an SBP negotiation procedure with AP 504. The SBP negotiation procedure may be initiated when first STA 502a detects the presence or motion of target 506, in some examples. As part of the SBP negotiation procedure, first STA 502a may send (at 501) an SBP request to AP 504. In some embodiments, the SBP request may be an SBP request frame. The SBP request may include an indication of AP 504 as the initiator and receiver of the WLAN sensing session. Additionally and/or alternatively, the SBP request may indicate second STA 502b (e.g., one or more WLAN capable STAs, non-Wi-Fi hotspot capable or otherwise) as the responder and transmitter during the WLAN sensing session. Second STA 502b may be indicated in an information element that includes, e.g., a MAC address, AID, or UTD of second STA 502b. Still further, the SBP request may include an indication of one or more operational parameters for the requested WLAN sensing session. The SBP negotiation enables first STA 502a to gain control of potential transmitters (e.g., second STA 502b) for WLAN sensing of target 506. By way of example and not limitation, the operational parameters indicated during SBP negotiation may include, e.g., at least one time instant for a WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one channel for a WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one bandwidth for a WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one transmission power for a WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one sensing measurement type, and/or at least one sensing session role, just to name a few.

[0060] At 604, the apparatus may receive one or more operational parameters associated with a WLAN sensing receiver component during a WLAN sensing session from the AP in response to a successful SBP negotiation with the AP. For example, referring to FIG. 5B, when the SBP negotiation is successful, AP 504 may send (at 505a) the operational parameters associated with the scheduled WLAN sensing session to first STA 502a. In some embodiments, the operational parameters may be indicated in an SBP confirm frame, which indicates SBP negotiation success.

[0061] At 606, the apparatus may receive an error message from the AP in response to an unsuccessful SBP negotiation procedure with the AP. For example, referring to FIG. 5B, in some instances, AP 504 may determine that second STA 502b is unavailable for WLAN sensing. This may be due to previously scheduled computations and/or communication by second STA 502b that renders it unavailable for WLAN sensing at the requested time. The SBP negotiation may be deemed unsuccessful when AP 504 determines second STA 502b is unavailable for WLAN sensing. When the SBP negotiation is unsuccessful, AP 504 may send (at 505b) an error message to first STA 502a.

[0062] At 608, the apparatus may activate the WLAN sensing receiver component based on the one or more operational parameters for the WLAN sensing session. For example, referring to FIG. 5B, when first STA 502a receives (at 505a) the operational parameters and/or SBP confirm frame, it may activate (at 507) its WLAN sensing receiver component 322. This may occur prior to or at the start of the WLAN sensing session.

[0063] At 610, the apparatus may receive a WLAN sensing subtype frame reflection from a target. For example, referring to FIG. 5B, first STA 502a may receive (at 513a) the reflection- of-interest from target 506. The reflection-of-interest is an echo signal of the WLAN sensing subtype frame transmitted by second STA 502b.

[0064] At 612, the apparatus may estimate the motion of the target based on the WLAN sensing subtype frame reflection. For example, referring to FIG. 5B, WLAN sensing receiver component 322 may process the reflected signal to extract various signal/radar information, which is sent to motion estimation component 324. Motion estimation component 324 may estimate (at 515) motion-related information of target 506. For example, the motion-related information may include the speed of target 506, a trajectory of target 506, or a potential action by target 506, just to name a few.

[0065] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a second exemplary method 700 of wireless communication, according to embodiments of the disclosure. Method 700 may be performed by an apparatus, e.g., AP 140, second apparatus 400, radio 402, SBP negotiation component 420, WLAN sensing component 422, etc. Method 700 may include steps 702-708, as described below. It is to be appreciated that some of the steps may be optional, and some of the steps may be performed simultaneously, or in a different order than shown in FIG. 7.

[0066] Referring to FIG. 7, at 702, the apparatus may perform an SBP negotiation procedure with a first STA. For example, referring to FIG. 5B, first STA 502a, which may be a WLAN sensing capable non-AP STA (e.g., loT device), may initiate an SBP negotiation procedure with AP 504. The SBP negotiation procedure may be initiated when first STA 502a detects the presence or motion of target 506, in some examples. As part of the SBP negotiation procedure, first STA 502a may send (at 501) an SBP request to AP 504. In some embodiments, the SBP request may be an SBP request frame. The SBP request may include an indication of AP 504 as the initiator and receiver of the WLAN sensing session. Additionally and/or alternatively, the SBP request may indicate second STA 502b (e.g., one or more WLAN capable STAs, non-Wi-Fi hotspot capable or otherwise) as the responder and transmitter during the WLAN sensing session. Second STA 502b may be indicated in an information element that includes, e.g., a MAC address, AID, or UTD of second STA 502b. Still further, the SBP request may include an indication of one or more operational parameters for the requested WLAN sensing session. The SBP negotiation enables first STA 502a to gain control of potential transmitters (e.g., second STA 502b) for WLAN sensing of target 506. By way of example and not limitation, the operational parameters indicated during SBP negotiation may include, e.g., at least one time instant for a WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one channel for a WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one bandwidth for a WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one transmission power for a WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one sensing measurement type, and/or at least one sensing session role, just to name a few.

[0067] At 704, the apparatus may perform WLAN sensing negotiation with a second STA. For example, referring to FIG. 5B, based on the information included in the SBP request, AP 504 may perform (at 503) a WLAN sensing session negotiation with second STA 502b. The negotiation may include which operational parameters will be used during the WLAN sensing session. In some instances, the operational parameters determined for the WLAN sensing session may be those requested by first STA 502a in the SBP request. However, in some other instances, the operational parameters determined for the WLAN sensing session may be different than those requested by first STA 502a. In either case, when the available computational resources at second STA 502b can support a WLAN sensing session at the requested time, the SBP negotiation may be deemed successful. When the SBP negotiation is successful, AP 504 may send (at 505a) the operational parameters associated with the scheduled WLAN sensing session to first STA 502a. In some embodiments, the operational parameters may be indicated in an SBP confirm frame, which indicates SBP negotiation success.

[0068] At 706, the apparatus may transmit one or more first operational parameters associated with a WLAN sensing receiver component during a WLAN sensing session to the first STA in response to a successful SBP negotiation with the AP. For example, referring to FIG. 5B, when the SBP negotiation is successful, AP 504 may send (at 505a) the operational parameters associated with the scheduled WLAN sensing session to first STA 502a. In some embodiments, the operational parameters may be indicated in an SBP confirm frame, which indicates SBP negotiation success.

[0069] At 708, the apparatus may transmit an error message to the first STA in response to an unsuccessful SBP negotiation procedure with the first STA. For example, referring to FIG. 5B, in some instances, AP 504 may determine that second STA 502b is unavailable for WLAN sensing. This may be due to previously scheduled computations and/or communication by second STA 502b that renders it unavailable for WLAN sensing at the requested time. The SBP negotiation may be deemed unsuccessful when AP 504 determines second STA 502b is unavailable for WLAN sensing. When the SBP negotiation is unsuccessful, AP 504 may send (at 505b) an error message to first STA 502a.

[0070] In various aspects of the present disclosure, the functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or encoded as instructions or code on a non-transitory computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes computer storage media. Storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computing device, such as node 200 in FIG. 2. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, HDD, such as magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, Flash drive, SSD, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a processing system, such as a mobile device or a computer. Disk and disc, as used herein, includes CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital video disc (DVD), and floppy disk where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media. [0071] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a method of wireless communication of a first STA is provided. The method may include performing, by at least one processor, an SBP negotiation procedure with an AP. The SBP negotiation procedure may include a request for a second STA to perform a WLAN sensing procedure with the AP. The second STA may be different than the first STA. In response to a successful SBP negotiation with the AP, the method may include receiving, by the at least one processor, one or more operational parameters associated with a WLAN sensing receiver component during a WLAN sensing session from the AP.

[0072] In some embodiments, in response to an unsuccessful SBP negotiation procedure with the AP, the method may include receiving, by the at least one processor, an error message from the AP.

[0073] In some embodiments, the method may include activating, by the at least one processor, the WLAN sensing receiver component based on the one or more operational parameters for the WLAN sensing session.

[0074] In some embodiments, the method may include receiving, by the at least one processor, a WLAN sensing subtype frame reflection from a target.

[0075] In some embodiments, the method may include estimating, by the at least one processor, a motion of the target based on the WLAN sensing subtype frame reflection.

[0076] In some embodiments, the one or more operational parameters associated with the WLAN sensing receiver component during the WLAN sensing session may include at least one of sensing session timing, sensing session frequency, or sensing session bandwidth.

[0077] In some embodiments, the second STA may be indicated during the SBP negotiation procedure via an information element.

[0078] In some embodiments, the information element includes a MAC address, an AID, or a UID associated with the second STA.

[0079] In some embodiments, the performing, by the at least one processor, the SBP negotiation procedure with the AP further may include requesting one or more WLAN sensing parameters for the WLAN sensing receiver component.

[0080] In some embodiments, the one or more WLAN sensing parameters may include at least one of a time instant for WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one channel for the WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one bandwidth for the WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one transmission power for the WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one sensing measurement type, or at least one sensing session role.

[0081] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus for wireless communication of a first STA is provided. The apparatus may include at least one processor. The apparatus may include memory storing instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform an SBP negotiation procedure with an AP. The SBP negotiation procedure may include a request for a second STA to perform a WLAN sensing procedure with the AP. The second STA may be different than the first STA. The apparatus may include memory storing instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to, in response to a successful SBP negotiation with the AP, receive one or more operational parameters associated with a WLAN sensing receiver component during a WLAN sensing session from the AP.

[0082] In some embodiment, the memory storing instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor, may further cause the at least one processor to, in response to an unsuccessful SBP negotiation procedure with the AP, receive an error message from the AP.

[0083] In some embodiments, the memory storing instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor, may further cause the at least one processor to activate the WLAN sensing receiver component based on the one or more operational parameters for the WLAN sensing session.

[0084] In some embodiments, the memory storing instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor, may further cause the at least one processor to receive a WLAN sensing subtype frame reflection from a target.

[0085] In some embodiments, the memory storing instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor, may further cause the at least one processor to estimate a motion of the target based on the WLAN sensing subtype frame reflection.

[0086] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer- readable medium of a first STA is provided. The non-transitory computer-readable medium may store instructions, which when executed by at least one processor of a first STA, that cause the at least one processor to perform an SBP negotiation procedure with an AP. The SBP negotiation procedure may include a request for a second STA to perform a WLAN sensing procedure with the AP, and the second STA being different than the first STA. The non-transitory computer- readable medium may store instructions, which when executed by at least one processor of a first STA, that cause the at least one processor to, in response to a successful SBP negotiation with the AP, receive one or more operational parameters associated with a WLAN sensing receiver component during a WLAN sensing session from the AP.

[0087] In some embodiments, the instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor of the first STA, may further cause the at least one processor to, in response to an unsuccessful SBP negotiation procedure with the AP, receive an error message from the AP.

[0088] In some embodiments, the instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor of the first STA, may further cause the at least one processor to activate the WLAN sensing receiver component based on the one or more operational parameters for the WLAN sensing session.

[0089] In some embodiments, the instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor of the first STA, may further cause the at least one processor to receive a WLAN sensing subtype frame reflection from a target.

[0090] In some embodiments, the instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor of the first STA, may further cause estimate a motion of the target based on the WLAN sensing subtype frame reflection.

[0091] According to still another aspect of the present disclosure, a method of wireless communication of an AP is provided. The method may include performing, by at least one processor, an SBP negotiation procedure with a first STA. The SBP negotiation procedure may include a request for a second STA to perform a WLAN sensing procedure with the AP. The second STA may be different than the first STA. In response to a successful SBP negotiation with the AP, the method may include transmitting, by the at least one processor, one or more operational parameters associated with a WLAN sensing receiver component during a WLAN sensing session to the first STA.

[0092] In some embodiments, in response to an unsuccessful SBP negotiation procedure with the first STA, the method may further include transmitting, by the at least one processor, an error message to the first STA.

[0093] In some embodiments, the method may further include performing, by the at least one processor, a WLAN sensing session negotiation with the second STA. In some embodiments, the second STA may be associated with a WLAN sensing session transmitter.

[0094] In some embodiments, the one or more operational parameters associated with the WLAN sensing receiver component include at least one of sensing session timing, sensing session frequency, or sensing session bandwidth.

[0095] In some embodiments, the second STA may be indicated during the SBP negotiation procedure via an information element from the first STA.

[0096] In some embodiments, the information element may include a MAC address, an AID, or a UTD associated with the second STA.

[0097] In some embodiments, the performing, by the at least one processor, the SBP negotiation procedure with the first STA may include receiving a request for one or more WLAN sensing parameters for the WLAN sensing receiver component.

[0098] In some embodiments, the one or more WLAN sensing parameters may include at least one of a time instant for WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one channel for the WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one bandwidth for the WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one transmission power for the WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one sensing measurement type, or at least one sensing session role.

[0099] According to yet a further aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus for wireless communication of an AP is provided. The AP may include at least one processor. The AP may include memory storing instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor, that cause the at least one processor to perform an SBP negotiation procedure with a first STA. The SBP negotiation procedure may include a request for a second STA to perform a WLAN sensing procedure with the AP. The second STA may be different than the first STA. The AP may include memory storing instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor, that cause the at least one processor to, in response to a successful SBP negotiation with the AP, transmit one or more operational parameters associated with a WLAN sensing receiver component during a WLAN sensing session to the first STA.

[0100] In some embodiments, the memory storing instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor, may further cause the at least one processor to, in response to an unsuccessful SBP negotiation procedure with the first STA, transmit an error message to the first STA.

[0101] In some embodiments, the memory storing instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor, may further cause the at least one processor to perform a WLAN sensing session negotiation with the second STA. In some embodiments, the second STA may be associated with a WLAN sensing session transmitter.

[0102] In some embodiments, the one or more operational parameters associated with the WLAN sensing receiver component may include at least one of sensing session timing, sensing session frequency, or sensing session bandwidth.

[0103] In some embodiments, the second STA may be indicated during the SBP negotiation procedure via an information element from the first STA.

[0104] In some embodiments, the information element may include a MAC address, an AID, or a UTD associated with the second STA.

[0105] In some embodiments, to perform the SBP negotiation procedure with the first STA, the memory storing instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the at least one processor to receive a request for one or more WLAN sensing parameters for the WLAN sensing receiver component. In some embodiments, the one or more WLAN sensing parameters includes at least one of a time instant for WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one channel for the WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one bandwidth for the WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one transmission power for the WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one sensing measurement type, or at least one sensing session role.

[0106] According to yet another aspect of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable medium of an AP is provided. The non-transitory computer-readable medium may store instructions, which when executed by at least one processor of an access point, that cause the at least one processor to perform an SBP negotiation procedure with a first STA. The SBP negotiation procedure includes a request for a second STA to perform a WLAN sensing procedure with the AP. The second STA may be different than the first STA. The non-transitory computer- readable medium may store instructions, which when executed by at least one processor of an access point, that cause the at least one processor to, in response to a successful SBP negotiation with the AP, transmit one or more operational parameters associated with a WLAN sensing receiver component during a WLAN sensing session to the first STA.

[0107] In some embodiments, the instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor of the AP, may further cause the at least one processor to, in response to an unsuccessful SBP negotiation procedure with the first STA, transmit an error message to the first STA.

[0108] In some embodiments, the instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor of the AP, may further cause the at least one processor to perform a WLAN sensing session negotiation with the second STA. In some embodiments, the second STA may be associated with a WLAN sensing session transmitter.

[0109] In some embodiments, the one or more operational parameters associated with the WLAN sensing receiver component may include at least one of sensing session timing, sensing session frequency, or sensing session bandwidth.

[0110] In some embodiments, to perform the SBP negotiation procedure with the first STA, the instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor of the AP, may cause the at least one processor to receive a request for one or more WLAN sensing parameters for the WLAN sensing receiver component. In some embodiments, the one or more WLAN sensing parameters may include at least one of a time instant for WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one channel for the WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one bandwidth for the WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one transmission power for the WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one sensing measurement type, or at least one sensing session role.

[OHl] The foregoing description of the specific embodiments will so reveal the general nature of the present disclosure that others can, by applying knowledge within the skill of the art, readily modify and/or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments, without undue experimentation, without departing from the general concept of the present disclosure. Therefore, such adaptations and modifications are intended to be within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments, based on the teaching and guidance presented herein. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation, such that the terminology or phraseology of the present specification is to be interpreted by the skilled artisan in light of the teachings and guidance.

[0112] Embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above with the aid of functional obstacle blocks illustrating the implementation of specified functions and relationships thereof. The boundaries of these functional obstacle blocks have been arbitrarily defined herein for the convenience of the description. Alternate boundaries can be defined so long as the specified functions and relationships thereof are appropriately performed.

[0113] The Summary and Abstract sections may set forth one or more but not all exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure as contemplated by the inventor(s), and thus, are not intended to limit the present disclosure and the appended claims in any way.

[0114] Various functional blocks, modules, and steps are disclosed above. The particular arrangements provided are illustrative and without limitation. Accordingly, the functional blocks, modules, and steps may be re-ordered or combined in different ways than in the examples provided above. Likewise, certain embodiments include only a subset of the functional blocks, modules, and steps, and any such subset is permitted.

[0115] The breadth and scope of the present disclosure should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A method of wireless communication of a first station (STA), comprising: performing, by at least one processor, a sensing-by-proxy (SBP) negotiation procedure with an access point (AP), the SBP negotiation procedure including a request for a second STA to perform a wireless local area network (WLAN) sensing procedure with the AP, and the second STA being different than the first STA; and in response to a successful SBP negotiation with the AP, receiving, by the at least one processor, one or more operational parameters associated with a WLAN sensing receiver component during a WLAN sensing session from the AP.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: in response to an unsuccessful SBP negotiation procedure with the AP, receiving, by the at least one processor, an error message from the AP.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: activating, by the at least one processor, the WLAN sensing receiver component based on the one or more operational parameters for the WLAN sensing session.

4. The method of claim 3, further comprising: receiving, by the at least one processor, a WLAN sensing subtype frame reflection from a target.

5. The method of claim 4, further comprising: estimating, by the at least one processor, a motion of the target based on the WLAN sensing subtype frame reflection.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more operational parameters associated with the WLAN sensing receiver component during the WLAN sensing session includes at least one of: sensing session timing, sensing session frequency, or sensing session bandwidth.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the second STA is indicated during the SBP negotiation procedure via an information element.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the information element includes a medium access control (MAC) address, an association identifier (AID), or an unassociated identifier (UTD) associated with the second STA.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the performing, by the at least one processor, the SBP negotiation procedure with the AP further comprises: requesting one or more WLAN sensing parameters for the WLAN sensing receiver component.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the one or more WLAN sensing parameters include at least one of: a time instant for WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one channel for the WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one bandwidth for the WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one transmission power for the WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one sensing measurement type, or at least one sensing session role.

11. An apparatus for wireless communication of a first station (STA), comprising: at least one processor; and memory storing instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to: perform a sensing-by-proxy (SBP) negotiation procedure with an access point (AP), the SBP negotiation procedure including a request for a second STA to perform a wireless local area network (WLAN) sensing procedure with the AP, and the second STA being different than the first STA; and in response to a successful SBP negotiation with the AP, receive one or more operational parameters associated with a WLAN sensing receiver component during a WLAN sensing session from the AP.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the memory storing instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the at least one processor to: in response to an unsuccessful SBP negotiation procedure with the AP, receive an error message from the AP.

13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the memory storing instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the at least one processor to: activate the WLAN sensing receiver component based on the one or more operational parameters for the WLAN sensing session.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the memory storing instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the at least one processor to: receive a WLAN sensing subtype frame reflection from a target.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the memory storing instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the at least one processor to: estimate a motion of the target based on the WLAN sensing subtype frame reflection.

16. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions, which when executed by at least one processor of a first station (STA), cause the at least one processor to: perform a sensing-by-proxy (SBP) negotiation procedure with an access point (AP), the SBP negotiation procedure including a request for a second STA to perform a wireless local area network (WLAN) sensing procedure with the AP, and the second STA being different than the first STA; and in response to a successful SBP negotiation with the AP, receive one or more operational parameters associated with a WLAN sensing receiver component during a WLAN sensing session from the AP.

17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor of the first STA, further cause the at least one processor to: in response to an unsuccessful SBP negotiation procedure with the AP, receive an error message from the AP.

18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor of the first STA, further cause the at least one processor to: activate the WLAN sensing receiver component based on the one or more operational parameters for the WLAN sensing session.

19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor of the first STA, further cause the at least one processor to: receive a WLAN sensing subtype frame reflection from a target.

20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor of the first STA, further cause the at least one processor to: estimate a motion of the target based on the WLAN sensing subtype frame reflection.

21. A method of wireless communication of an access point (AP), comprising: performing, by at least one processor, a sensing-by-proxy (SBP) negotiation procedure with a first station (STA), the SBP negotiation procedure including a request for a second STA to perform a wireless local area network (WLAN) sensing procedure with the AP, and the second STA being different than the first STA; and in response to a successful SBP negotiation with the AP, transmitting, by the at least one processor, one or more operational parameters associated with a WLAN sensing receiver component during a WLAN sensing session to the first STA.

22. The method of claim 21, further comprising: in response to an unsuccessful SBP negotiation procedure with the first STA, transmitting, by the at least one processor, an error message to the first STA.

23. The method of claim 21, further comprising: perform, by the at least one processor, a WLAN sensing session negotiation with the second STA, the second STA being associated with a WLAN sensing session transmitter.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein the one or more operational parameters associated with the WLAN sensing receiver component include at least one of: sensing session timing, sensing session frequency, or sensing session bandwidth.

25. The method of claim 21, wherein the second STA is indicated during the SBP negotiation procedure via an information element from the first STA.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein the information element includes a medium access control (MAC) address, an association identifier (AID), or an unassociated identifier (UTD) associated with the second STA.

27. The method of claim 21, wherein the performing, by the at least one processor, the SBP negotiation procedure with the first STA further comprises: receiving a request for one or more WLAN sensing parameters for the WLAN sensing receiver component.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein the one or more WLAN sensing parameters include at least one of: a time instant for WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one channel for the WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one bandwidth for the WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one transmission power for the WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one sensing measurement type, or at least one sensing session role.

29. An apparatus for wireless communication of an access point (AP), comprising: at least one processor; and memory storing instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to: perform a sensing-by-proxy (SBP) negotiation procedure with a first station (STA), the SBP negotiation procedure including a request for a second STA to perform a wireless local area network (WLAN) sensing procedure with the AP, and the second STA being different than the first STA; and in response to a successful SBP negotiation with the AP, transmit one or more operational parameters associated with a WLAN sensing receiver component during a WLAN sensing session to the first STA.

30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the memory storing instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the at least one processor to: in response to an unsuccessful SBP negotiation procedure with the first STA, transmit an error message to the first STA.

31. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the memory storing instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the at least one processor to: perform a WLAN sensing session negotiation with the second STA, the second STA being associated with a WLAN sensing session transmitter.

32. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the one or more operational parameters associated with the WLAN sensing receiver component include at least one of: sensing session timing, sensing session frequency, or sensing session bandwidth.

33. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the second STA is indicated during the SBP negotiation procedure via an information element from the first STA.

34. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the information element includes a medium access control (MAC) address, an association identifier (AID), or an unassociated identifier (UTD) associated with the second STA.

35. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein, to perform the SBP negotiation procedure with the first STA, the memory storing instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to: receive a request for one or more WLAN sensing parameters for the WLAN sensing receiver component, wherein the one or more WLAN sensing parameters include at least one of: a time instant for WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one channel for the WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one bandwidth for the WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one transmission power for the WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one sensing measurement type, or at least one sensing session role.

36. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions, which when executed by at least one processor of an access point (AP), cause the at least one processor to: perform a sensing-by-proxy (SBP) negotiation procedure with a first station (STA), the SBP negotiation procedure including a request for a second STA to perform a wireless local area network (WLAN) sensing procedure with the AP, and the second STA being different than the first STA; and in response to a successful SBP negotiation with the AP, transmit one or more operational parameters associated with a WLAN sensing receiver component during a WLAN sensing session to the first STA.

37. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 36, wherein the instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor of the AP, further cause the at least one processor to: in response to an unsuccessful SBP negotiation procedure with the first STA, transmit an error message to the first STA.

38. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 36, wherein the instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor of the AP, further cause the at least one processor to: perform a WLAN sensing session negotiation with the second STA, the second STA being associated with a WLAN sensing session transmitter.

39. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 38, wherein the one or more operational parameters associated with the WLAN sensing receiver component include at least one of: sensing session timing, sensing session frequency, or sensing session bandwidth.

40. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 36, wherein, to perform the SBP negotiation procedure with the first STA, the instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor of the AP, cause the at least one processor to: receive a request for one or more WLAN sensing parameters for the WLAN sensing receiver component, wherein the one or more WLAN sensing parameters include at least one of: a time instant for WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one channel for the WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one bandwidth for the WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one transmission power for the WLAN sensing subtype frame transmission, at least one sensing measurement type, or at least one sensing session role.