Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
  • A01P3/00—Fungicides

Definitions

• the invention relates generally to adjuvants for agrochemical active formulations, and a method of providing adjuvancy in agrochemical formulations comprising said adjuvants with one or more agrochemical actives.
• the present invention also includes treating crops with said formulations.
• An adjuvant is generally defined as a chemical or a mixture of chemicals capable of improving the biological activity or effectiveness of an agrochemical active.
• Adjuvants do not themselves control or kill pests. Instead, these additives may interact with molecular targets (e.g., cell wall, ion channels, structural proteins, enzymes, etc.) within the target organism, or modify some property (e.g., spreading, retention, penetration, droplet size) of the agrochemical formulation, thereby improving the biological activity of the agrochemical active on the organism.
• the typical types of compounds used as adjuvants may include small molecules, surfactants, emulsifiers, oils, and salts. Adjuvants do not typically inhibit translocation of the active in the treated plant. In addition, the adjuvant should not produce unwanted phytotoxic effects on the plant.
• Fungi are widespread in terrestrial environments and present a major challenge to agricultural productivity. Unchecked fungal infections can result in pre- and post-harvest crop losses that can exceed 80%. In order to help reduce such loses and meet increasing food needs, the use of fungicides to control fungal agricultural pests is, and will continue to be, an important component of agricultural pest management systems.
• One strategy is to develop adjuvants that are safe, non-toxic chemicals which improve the effectiveness of existing fungicides already approved for use on field and greenhouse crops to prevent or reduce the impact of fungal pests on agricultural productivity. These adjuvants can improve the control of pests in the field or after harvest, thereby increasing productivity. They may also reduce the quantities of fungicide required to achieve the desired level of pest control, thus contributing to the goal of achieving sustainable productivity increases.
• the present invention seeks to provide the use of compounds in agrochemical formulations in combination with an agrochemical active, where the compounds may provide desired adjuvancy, including improved efficacy of the active.
• the present invention also seeks to provide the use of agrochemical concentrates, dilute formulations, and seed coatings comprising said adjuvants.
• the present invention also seeks to provide compounds in agrochemical formulations, where the compound may provide comparable or improved adjuvancy properties compared to existing adjuvants.
• the present invention also seeks to provide the use of compounds as adjuvants, and formulations comprising said compounds for use in providing adjuvancy in agrochemical formulations.
• an agrochemical formulation comprising; i) an adjuvant selected from diketopiperazine according to formula (I) wherein:
• R 1 represents hydrogen or C 1 to C 4 alkyl
• R 2 and R 3 each independently represents hydrogen, C 1 to C 3 alkyl, phenyl, or substituted phenyl;
• R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 each independently represents hydrogen, C 1 to C 4 alkyl, hydroxyl, methoxy, or ethoxy; and ii) at least one agrochemical active, nutrient, or biostimulant.
• a concentrate formulation suitable for making an agrochemical formulation of the first aspect comprising; i) an adjuvant selected from diketopiperazine according to formula (I) wherein:
• R 1 represents hydrogen or C 1 to C 4 alkyl
• R 2 and R 3 each independently represents hydrogen, C 1 to C 3 alkyl, phenyl, or substituted phenyl;
• R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 each independently represents hydrogen, C 1 to C 4 alkyl, hydroxyl, methoxy, or ethoxy; and ii) at least one agrochemical active, nutrient, or biostimulant.
• R 1 represents hydrogen or C 1 to C 4 alkyl
• R 2 and R 3 each independently represents hydrogen, C 1 to C 3 alkyl, phenyl, or substituted phenyl;
• R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 each independently represents hydrogen, C 1 to C 4 alkyl, hydroxyl, methoxy, or ethoxy; as an adjuvant in an agrochemical formulation comprising at least one agrochemical active, nutrient, or biostimulant.
• a method of treating vegetation to control pests comprising applying a formulation of the first aspect, or a diluted concentrate formulation of the second aspect, either to said vegetation or to the immediate environment of said vegetation.
• a seed coating composition comprising adjuvants according to the first aspect.
• a diketopiperazine according to formula (I) wherein:
• R 1 represents hydrogen or C 1 to C 4 alkyl
• R 2 and R 3 each independently represents hydrogen, C 1 to C 3 alkyl, phenyl, or substituted phenyl
• R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 each independently represents hydrogen, C 1 to C 4 alkyl, hydroxyl, methoxy, or ethoxy.
• the compounds as defined herein provide for desired adjuvancy properties when used in an agrochemical formulation having at least one agrochemical active, nutrient, or biostimulant.
• the compounds of the class identified, diketopiperazines do not show intrinsic pesticidal activity.
• the terms ‘for example,’ ‘for instance,’ ‘such as,’ or ‘including’ are meant to introduce examples that further clarify more general subject matter. Unless otherwise specified, these examples are provided only as an aid for understanding the applications illustrated in the present disclosure, and are not meant to be limiting in any fashion. It will be understood that, when describing the number of carbon atoms in a substituent group (e.g., ‘C 1 to C 4 alkyl’), the number refers to the total number of carbon atoms present in the substituent group, including any present in any branched groups. Additionally, when describing the number of carbon atoms in, for example fatty acids, this refers to the total number of carbon atoms including the one at the carboxylic acid, and any present in any branch groups.
• substituent group e.g., ‘C 1 to C 4 alkyl’
• DKP Diketopiperazines
• the adjuvants of the present invention are selected from diketopiperazines having a structure of formula (I); wherein:
• R 1 represents hydrogen or C 1 to C 4 alkyl
• R 2 and R 3 each independently represents hydrogen, C 1 to C 3 alkyl, phenyl, or substituted phenyl
• R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 each independently represents hydrogen, C 1 to C 4 alkyl, hydroxyl, methoxy, or ethoxy.
• C 1 to C 4 alkyl refers to saturated hydrocarbon radicals being straight chain or branched, containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• said alkyl may be independently selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, or the like.
• methyl or ethyl More preferably, methyl.
• C 1 to C 3 alkyl refers to saturated hydrocarbon radicals being straight chain or branched, containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
• said alkyl may be independently selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, or the like.
• methyl or ethyl More preferably, methyl.
• hydroxyl refers to a hydroxyl radical comprising one oxygen and one hydrogen atom having the structure -O-H, and which is bonded to an adjacent radical via the oxygen.
• methoxy and ethoxy refers to methyl and ethyl groups linked to oxygen which form an alkoxy radical having the structure -O-CH 3 and -O-CH 2 CH 3 respectively, and which are bonded to an adjacent radical via the oxygen.
• phenyl refers to a C 6 H 5 organic radical derived from a benzene aromatic hydrocarbon by removal of one hydrogen.
• substituted phenyl refers to phenyl which is substituted with methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, or halo. Said substitution may be at any position on the aromatic ring, preferably the ortho or para positions.
• halo refers to halide radicals derived from elements in Group VII (Group 17) of the periodic table.
• the halide radicals may be independently selected from fluoro, chloro, bromo, or iodo.
• chloro Preferably, chloro.
• R 1 represents hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl. More preferably, hydrogen or methyl. Most preferably, hydrogen.
• R 2 and R 3 each independently represents hydrogen, methyl, phenyl, or substituted phenyl where the substituent is methyl, ethyl, methoxy, or ethoxy. More preferably, hydrogen or phenyl.
• R 2 and R 3 represents phenyl, whilst the other represents hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl. More preferably, one of R 2 and R 3 represents phenyl and the other represents hydrogen or methyl. Most preferably, one of R 2 and R 3 represents phenyl and the other represents hydrogen.
• R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 independently represent hydrogen or methyl. More, preferably, hydrogen.
• Compounds of formula (I) may have optical isomerisation around the carbon at position 2 of the pyrrolidine ring. It will be understood that both R and S isomers are included in the definitions of the diketopiperazines of formula (I). In particular, the S isomer may be preferred.
• diketopiperazines selected from the following may be preferred:
• the diketopiperazines may be formed by synthetic techniques.
• the diketopiperazines and its derivatives may be produced through chemical synthesis by one skilled in the art of organic chemistry using commercially available materials and synthetic methodology described in the scientific literature.
• One such method is a two-step synthesis beginning with an amide coupling reaction between phenylpropiolic acid and piperidine 2-carboxamide using carbodiimide- or phosphonium-based coupling reagents.
• a subsequent intramolecular cyclisation through a nucleophilic a-addition catalysed by triphenylphosphine yields the desired diketopiperazine of formula (I) with the double bond having predominantly the Z configuration.
• This cyclisation step can favour the E geometry by using piperidine 2-carboxamide precursors with N-alkyl or -aryl groups at the amide position to introduce steric hindrance.
• a third step can then be undertaken by methylation of the amide using iodomethane in the presence of a base where methylated variants are desired.
• an agrochemical formulation is provided, when comprising the adjuvant of the present invention, having the advantages of the properties of the adjuvant per se.
• Agrochemically active compounds including insecticides and fungicides, require a formulation which allows the active compounds to be taken up by the plant/the target organisms.
• agrochemical formulation refers to compositions including an active agrochemical, and is intended to include all forms of compositions, including concentrates and spray formulations. If not specifically stated, the agrochemical formulation of the present invention may be in the form of a concentrate, a diluted concentrate, or a sprayable formulation.
• agrochemical active compounds may be formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate (EC), emulsion concentrate (EW), suspension concentrate (SC), soluble liquid (SL), as an oil-based suspension concentrate (OD), and/or suspoemulsions (SE).
• EC emulsifiable concentrate
• EW emulsion concentrate
• SC suspension concentrate
• SL soluble liquid
• OD oil-based suspension concentrate
• SE suspoemulsions
• the active compound in an EC formulation and in an SL formulation, may be present in dissolved form, whereas in an OD, SC, EW, or SE formulations the active compound may be present as a solid or emulsified liquid.
• the adjuvant of the present invention will particularly find use in EC, EW, SC, SL, OD, or SE formulations.
• Agrochemical concentrates are agrochemical compositions, which may be aqueous or non-aqueous, and which are designed to be diluted with water (or a water-based liquid) to form the corresponding spray formulations.
• Said compositions include those in liquid form (such as solutions, emulsions, or dispersions) and in solid form (especially in water dispersible solid form) such as granules or powders.
• Spray formulations are aqueous agrochemical formulations including all the components which it is desired to apply to the plants or their environment.
• Spray formulations can be made up by simple dilution of concentrates containing desired components (other than water), or by mixing of the individual components, or a combination of diluting a concentrate and adding further individual components or mixtures of components.
• end use mixing is carried out in the tank from which the formulation is sprayed, or alternatively in a holding tank for filling the spray tank.
• Such mixing and mixtures are typically termed tank mixing and tank mixtures.
• the adjuvant may therefore be incorporated into the formulation of the agrochemical active compound (in-can/built-in formulation) or be added after dilution of the concentrated formulation of the spray liquor (tank-mix).
• agrochemical active compound in-can/built-in formulation
• tank-mix concentrated formulation of the spray liquor
• concentrates thus formed may comprise typically up to 95 wt.% agrochemical actives.
• Said concentrates may be diluted for use resulting in a dilute composition having an agrochemical active concentration of about 0.5 wt.% to about 1 wt.%.
• the agrochemical active concentration may be in the range from about 0.001 wt.% to about 1 wt.% of the total formulation as sprayed.
• the adjuvant of the present invention will typically be used in an amount proportional to the amount of the active agrochemical in the formulation.
• the proportion of the adjuvant will depend on the solubility of the components in the liquid carrier.
• concentration of the adjuvant in such a concentrate will be from 1 wt.% to 99 wt.%.
• the concentration of the adjuvant in such a concentrate will be from 1 wt.% to 70 wt.%. More preferably, from 3 wt.% to 50 wt.%.
• the adjuvant Upon dilution to form, for example, a spray formulation, the adjuvant will typically be present at a concentration of from 0.01 wt.% to 2 wt.%, more usually from 0.03 wt.% to 0.5 wt.% of the spray formulation. Further preferably, from 0.12 wt.% to 0.4 wt.% of the spray formulation.
• the ratio of adjuvant to active agrochemical in the agrochemical formulation is preferably from about 1 :40 to about 1 : 1. More preferably, from about 1 :20 to about 1 :1. Further preferably, from about 1 :5 to 1 about 1 : 1. This ratio range will generally be maintained for concentrate forms of formulations (e.g., where the adjuvant is included in a dispersible liquid concentrate or dispersible solid granule formulation), and in the spray formulations.
• concentrates solid or liquid
• the concentrates will typically be diluted to form the spray formulations.
• the dilution may be with from 1 to 10,000, particularly 10 to 1,000, times the total weight of the concentrate of water to form the spray formulation.
• the agrochemical active is present in the aqueous end use formulation as solid particles, most usually it will be present as particles mainly of active agrochemical.
• the active agrochemical can be supported on a solid carrier e.g. silica or diatomaceous earth, which can be solid support, filler or diluent material as mentioned above.
• the spray formulations will typically have a pH within the range from moderately acidic (e.g., about 3) to moderately alkaline (e.g., about 10), and particular near neutral (e.g., about 5 to 8). More concentrated formulations will have similar degrees of acidity/alkalinity, but as they may be largely non-aqueous, pH is not necessarily an appropriate measure of this.
• the agrochemical formulation may include solvents (other than water) such as monopropylene glycol, oils which can be vegetable or mineral oils such as spray oils (oils included in spray formulations as non-surfactant adjuvants), associated with the adjuvant.
• solvents may be included as a solvent for the adjuvant, and/or as a humectant, e.g., especially propylene glycol.
• solvents will typically be included in an amount of from 5 wt.% to 500 wt.%, desirably 10 wt.% to 100 wt.%, by weight of the adjuvant.
• Such combinations can also include salts such as ammonium chloride and/or sodium benzoate, and/or urea especially as gel inhibition aids.
• either the adjuvants of the present invention may be included in a seed coating composition suitable for applying to seeds.
• the adjuvants are suitably present in the seed coating composition at a concentration in the range from 0.5 to 25 wt.%, preferably 2 to 18 wt.%, more preferably 5 to 15 wt.%, in particular 8 to 12 wt.% based on the total weight of the composition.
• the coating may include film coating, pelleting, and encrusting or a combination of these techniques as known in the art. It is envisaged that the present invention applies to all said coating types, preferably to film coating.
• the seed coating composition of the invention may be applied to the seed in conventional manners.
• the seed may be primed or not primed (having been subjected to a treatment to improve the germination rate, e.g. osmopriming, hydropriming, matrix priming).
• the seed is not provided with artificial layers prior to applying the seed coating composition of the invention, for example primer layers comprising a binder, such as a polymer. Accordingly, the seed coating composition is preferably applied directly on the natural outer surface of the seed. Nonetheless, it is possible that the seed surface has undergone a surface treatment prior to applying the seed coating composition.
• the seed coating composition is applied as a liquid composition and/or emulsion and/or dispersion and/or latex composition and thereafter solidified (including cured and/or dried) to form a seed coating.
• liquid coating composition as used in this application is meant to include coating compositions in the form of a suspension, emulsion, and/or dispersion, preferably a dispersion.
• the seed coating composition is applied to the seed by a rotary coater, a rotary dry coater, a pan coater or a continuous treater.
• the seed coating composition can, for instance, be applied by film coating, spraying, dipping, or brushing of the seed coating composition.
• the method comprises applying the seed coating composition to form a film or seed coating layer.
• Seed coating typically involves forming on the surface of the seeds a firmly adhering, moisture permeable coating.
• the process typically comprises applying a liquid seed coating composition to the seeds before planting.
• An additional film coat layer may optionally be applied over the top of the coating layer of the invention to provide additional benefits, including but not limited to cosmetics, coverage, actives, nutrients, and processing improvements such as faster drying, seed flow, durability, and the like.
• the agrochemical formulation or seed coating composition may also include other components as desired.
• binders particularly binders which are readily water soluble to give low viscosity solutions at high binder concentrations, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone; polyvinyl alcohol; carboxymethyl cellulose; gum arabic; sugars e.g., sucrose or sorbitol; starch; ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, sucrose and alginates,
• diluents absorbents or carriers such as carbon black; talc; diatomaceous earth; kaolin; aluminium, calcium or magnesium stearate; sodium tripolyphosphate; sodium tetraborate; sodium sulphate; sodium, aluminium and mixed sodiumaluminium silicates; and sodium benzoate,
• ⁇ disintegration agents such as surfactants, materials that swell in water, for example carboxy methylcellulose, collodion, polyvinylpyrrolidone and microcrystalline cellulose swelling agents; salts such as sodium or potassium acetate, sodium carbonate, bicarbonate or sesqui carb onate, ammonium sulphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate;
• ⁇ wetting agents such as alcohol ethoxylate and alcohol ethoxylate/propoxylate wetting agents
• ⁇ dispersants such as sulphonated naphthalene formaldehyde condensates and acrylic copolymers such as the comb copolymer having capped polyethylene glycol side chains on a polyacrylic backbone
• acrylic copolymers such as the comb copolymer having capped polyethylene glycol side chains on a polyacrylic backbone
• ⁇ emulsifiers such as alcohol ethoxylates, ABA block co polymers, or castor oil ethoxylates
• antifoam agents e.g., polysiloxane antifoam agents, typically in amounts of 0.005 wt.% to 10 wt.% of the formulation;
• ⁇ viscosity modifiers such as commercially available water soluble or miscible gums, e.g., xanthan gums, and/or cellulosics, e.g. carboxy- methyl, ethyl or propylcellulose; and/or
• preservatives and/or anti-microbials such as organic acids, or their esters or salts such as ascorbic e.g., ascorbyl palmitate, sorbic e.g. potassium sorbate, benzoic e.g., benzoic acid and methyl and propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, propionic e.g., sodium propionate, phenol e.g. sodium 2-phenylphenate; 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3- one; or formaldehyde as such or as paraformaldehyde; or inorganic materials such as sulphurous acid and its salts, typically in amounts of 0.01 wt.% to 1 wt.% of the formulation.
• the agrochemical formulation or seed coating composition according to the present invention may also contain components, such as surfactant materials which form part of the emulsifier system.
• Said surfactants may include surfactant dispersants.
• compositions and formulations of and used in this invention may be included in the compositions and formulations of and used in this invention.
• examples include alkylpolysaccharides (more properly called alkyl oligosaccharides); fatty amine ethoxylates e.g., coconut alkyl amine 2EO; and derivatives of alk(en)yl succinic anhydride, in particular those described in PCT applications WO 94/00508 and WO 96/16930.
• the formulation/composition may comprise one or more biologically active ingredients (including plant enhancing agents, in particular plant protective products (also referred to as PPPs)).
• Suitable examples of active ingredients, in particular plant enhancing agents are fungicidal agents, bactericidal agents, insecticidal agents, nematicidal agents, molluscicidal agents, biologicals, acaricides or miticides, pesticides, and biocides.
• active ingredients include disinfectants, microorganisms, rodent killers, weed killers (herbicides), attracting agents, (bird) repellent agents, plant growth regulators (such as gibberellic acid, auxin or cytokinin), nutrients (such a potassium nitrate, magnesium sulphate, iron chelate), plant hormones, minerals, plant extracts, germination stimulants, pheromones, biological preparations, etc.
• Suitable agrochemical actives for use in the formulations or seed coating composition according to the invention are all agrochemically active compounds that may be solid or liquid at room temperature. It is envisaged that the adjuvant of the present invention would have broad applicability to all types of agrochemical actives.
• Agrochemical actives refer to biocides which, in the context of the present invention, are plant protection agents, more particular chemical substances capable of killing different forms of living organisms used in fields such as medicine, agriculture, forestry, and mosquito control. Also counted under the group of biocides are so-called plant growth regulators.
• Biocides for use in agrochemical formulations or seed coating compositions of the present invention are typically divided into two sub- groups:
• pesticides including fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, algicides, molluscicides, miticides and rodenticides, and
• antimicrobials including germicides, antibiotics, antibacterials, antivirals, antifungals, antiprotozoals and antiparasites.
• biocides selected from insecticides, fungicides, or herbicides may be particularly preferred.
• pesticide will be understood to refer to any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest.
• a pesticide may be a chemical substance or biological agent (such as a virus or bacteria) used against pests including insects, plant pathogens, weeds, mollusks, birds, mammals, fish, nematodes (roundworms) and microbes that compete with humans for food, destroy property, spread disease or are a nuisance.
• pesticides suitable for the agrochemical compositions according to the present invention are given.
• a fungicide is a chemical control of fungi.
• Fungicides are chemical compounds used to prevent the spread of fungi in gardens and crops.
• Fungicides are also used to fight fungal infections.
• Fungicides can either be contact or systemic.
• a contact fungicide kills fungi when it comes into contact with the fungicide retained on leaf surfaces.
• a systemic fungicide is absorbed into plant tissues and kills the fungus when it attempts to invade the host.
• fungicides encompass the following species: (3-ethoxypropyl)mercury bromide, 2-methoxyethylmercury chloride, 2-phenylphenol, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulphate, 8-phenylmercuri oxyquinoline, acibenzolar, acylamino acid fungicides, acypetacs, aldimorph, aliphatic nitrogen fungicides, allyl alcohol, amide fungicides, ampropylfos, anilazine, anilide fungicides, antibiotic fungicides, aromatic fungicides, aureofungin, azaconazole, azithiram, azoxystrobin, barium polysulphide, benalaxyl-M, benodanil, benomyl, benquinox, bentaluron, benthiavalicarb, benzalkonium chloride, benzamacril, benzamide fungicides,
• a herbicide is a pesticide used to kill unwanted plants. Selective herbicides kill specific targets while leaving the desired crop relatively unharmed. Some of these act by interfering with the growth of the weed and are often based on plant hormones. Herbicides used to clear waste ground are non-selective and kill all plant material with which they come into contact. Herbicides are widely used in agriculture and in landscape turf management. They are applied in total vegetation control (TVC) programs for maintenance of highways and railroads. Smaller quantities are used in forestry, pasture systems, and management of areas set aside as wildlife habitat.
• TVC total vegetation control
• Suitable herbicides may be selected from the group comprising: aryloxycarboxylic acid e.g., MCPA, aryloxyphenoxypropionates e.g., clodinafop, cyclohexanedione oximes e.g., sethoxydim, hydroxybenzonitriles e.g., bromoxynil, sulphonylureas e.g., nicosulphuron, triazolopyrimidines e.g., penoxsulam, triketiones e.g.
• aryloxycarboxylic acid e.g., MCPA
• aryloxyphenoxypropionates e.g., clodinafop
• cyclohexanedione oximes e.g., sethoxydim
• hydroxybenzonitriles e.g., bromoxynil
• mesotriones triazine herbicides such as metribuzin, hexaxinone, or atrazine; sulphonylurea herbicides such as chlorsulfuron; uracils such as lenacil, bromacil, or terbacil; urea herbicides such as linuron, diuron, siduron, or neburon; acetanilide herbicides such as alachlor, or metolachlor; thiocarbamate herbicides such as benthiocarb, triallate; oxadiazolone herbicides such as oxadiazon; isoxazolidone herbicides, phenoxyacetic acids; diphenyl ether herbicides such as fluazifop, acifluorfen, bifenox, or oxyfluorfen; dinitro aniline herbicides such as trifluralin; organophosphonate herbicides such as glufosinate salts and esters and glypho
• herbicides may be selected from 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), atrazine, dicamba as benzoic acid, glyphosate, glufosinate, imazapic as imidazolinone, metolachlor as chloroacetamide, picloram, clopyralid, and triclopyr as pyridinecarboxylic acids or synthetic auxins, their respective water soluble salts and esters, and mixtures thereof.
• 2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
• atrazine dicamba as benzoic acid
• glyphosate glyphosate
• glufosinate glufosinate
• imazapic as imidazolinone
• metolachlor as chloroacetamide
• picloram clopyralid
• triclopyr as pyridinecarboxylic acids or synthetic auxins, their respective water soluble salts and esters, and mixtures thereof.
• An insecticide is a pesticide used against insects in all developmental forms, and include ovicides and larvicides used against the eggs and larvae of insects. Insecticides are used in agriculture, medicine, industry and the household.
• Suitable insecticides may include those selected from: chlorinated insecticides such as, for example, Camphechlor, DDT, Hexachloro- cyclohexane, gamma- Hexachlorocyclohexane, Methoxychlor, Pentachlorophenol, TDE, Aldrin, Chlordane, Chlordecone, Dieldrin, Endosulphan, Endrin, Heptachlor, Mirex and their mixtures; organophosphorous compounds such as, for example, Acephate, Azinphos-methyl, Bensulide, Chlorethoxyfos, Chlorpyrifos, Chlorpyriphos-methyl, Diazinon, Dichlorvos (DDVP), Dicrotophos, Dimethoate, Disulphoton, Ethoprop, Fenamiphos, Fenitrothion, Fenthion, Fosthiazate, Malathion, Methamidophos, Methidathion, Methyl-parathion, Mevin
• Miticides are pesticides that kill mites. Antibiotic miticides, carbamate miticides, formamidine miticides, mite growth regulators, organochlorine, permethrin and organophosphate miticides all belong to this category.
• Molluscicides are pesticides used to control mollusks, such as moths, slugs and snails. These substances include metaldehyde, methiocarb and aluminium sulphate.
• a nematicide is a type of chemical pesticide used to kill parasitic nematodes (a phylum of worm).
• the active present in the agrochemical formulation or seed coating composition of the present invention is selected from triazole fungicides, strobilurin fungicides, or a combination thereof.
• triazole fungicides strobilurin fungicides, or a combination thereof.
• tebuconazole flutriafol, carbendazim, azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, cy proconazole, or pyraclostrobin.
• Nutrients may be present in addition to, or as an alternative to, agrochemical actives. In such formulations/compositions the nutrient is typically in a dry form.
• the nutrients may preferably be a solid phase nutrients.
• Solid nutrients are to be understood in the present invention as meaning substances whose melting point is above 20°C (at standard pressure).
• Solid nutrients will also include insoluble nutrient ingredients, i.e. nutrient ingredients whose solubility in water is such that a significant solid content exists in the concentrate after addition.
• Nutrients refer to chemical elements and compounds which are desired or necessary to promote or improve plant growth. Suitable nutrients generally are described as macronutrients or micronutrients. Suitable nutrients for use in the concentrates according to the invention are all nutrient compounds.
• Micronutrients typically refer to trace metals or trace elements, and are often applied in lower doses. Suitable micronutrients include trace elements selected from zinc, boron, chlorine, copper, iron, molybdenum, and manganese. The micronutrients may be in a soluble form or included as insoluble solids, and may be salts or chelated.
• Microtrients typically refer to those comprising nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and include fertilisers such as ammonium sulphate, and water conditioning agents. Suitable macro nutrients include fertilisers and other nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur containing compounds, and water conditioning agents.
• Suitable fertilisers include inorganic fertilisers that provide nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium or sulphur. Fertilisers may be included in diluted formulations at relatively low concentrations or as more concentrated solutions, which at very high levels may include solid fertiliser as well as solution.
• inclusion of the nutrient would be dependent upon the specific nutrient, and that micronutrients would typically be included at lower concentrations whilst macronutrients would typically be included at higher concentrations.
• Biostimulant components may be added to the formulation or seed coating composition to promote growth of a crop plant.
• the biostimulant component may comprise or consist of one or more biostimulants.
• useful biostimulants include, but are not limited to, plant growth hormones and plant growth regulators, such as cytokinins, auxins, gibberellins, ethylene, abscisic acid.
• Other biostimulants include, protein hydrolysate derivatives, seaweed extracts, amino acids, botanical extracts, chitosan derivatives, biopolymers, inorganic compounds, humic substances, microbial inoculants and microbial products, or mixtures thereof.
• the adjuvant of the present invention will provide adjuvancy to the agrochemical formulation in which it is comprised, and particular may find application providing fungicide adjuvancy.
• the term ‘adjuvant’ or ‘adjuvancy’ refers to compounds which when added to an agrochemical formulation will improve the agrochemical’s desired effect.
• the adjuvant may affect the diluent, the mixture, the active, or the target by its improvements of the active’s performance.
• An adjuvant can be used to adhere the pesticide on the area where the pesticide is functional, change the epidermal layer of the leaf surface permitting pesticide entry, and/or sensitise the target pest to the active pesticide in an agrochemical formulation.
• Specific adjuvancy effects may include surfactants, emulsifiers (dispersants and suspending agents), oils, emulsifiable oils, compatibility agents, buffering and conditioning agents, defoaming agents, deposition agents, drift control agents, thickeners, spreaders (wetters), stickers (builders and extenders), plant penetrants, translocators, soil penetrants, stabilising agents (UV filters), and/or pest sensitisation to the active pesticide.
• surfactants emulsifiers (dispersants and suspending agents), oils, emulsifiable oils, compatibility agents, buffering and conditioning agents, defoaming agents, deposition agents, drift control agents, thickeners, spreaders (wetters), stickers (builders and extenders), plant penetrants, translocators, soil penetrants, stabilising agents (UV filters), and/or pest sensitisation to the active pesticide.
• the adjuvants of the present invention may find use as either the sole component or principal functioning agent in adjuvants formulated either for tank-added use, or formulated directly into pesticide concentrates.
• the adjuvant activity in relation to the activity of the fungicide alone (e.g. pyraclostrobin) to B. cinerea a value of percent inhibition (adjuvant and fungicide) divided by percent inhibition (fungicide) can be defined, with higher values desired.
• a value of 1 would therefore represent equal activity of the adjuvant/fungicide combination to the fungicide alone, whereas a value above 1 would represent higher activity with the adjuvant/fungicide combination than the fungicide alone.
• the actives of the present invention may have a value greater than 1. Preferably greater than 1.5, most preferably greater than 2.
• reaction was heated to 60°C and stirred overnight.
• reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and separated by normal-phase chromatography (silica, hexanes ⁇ ethyl acetate) using a CombiFlash NextGen (Teledyne Isco).
• vehicle i.e. solvent such as water C 2 H 5 OH, CH 3 OH, CH 3 CN, DMSO.
• Fold Change is a measure of the adjuvant/fungicide combination in inhibiting a microorganism compared to the fungicide alone. This indicates how the adjuvant performs relative to the fungicide alone. This is calculated using the following formula:
• INH AF percent inhibition of fungal growth when treated with fungicide and adjuvant
• INH F percent inhibition of fungal growth when treated with fungicide alone.
• Botrytis cinerea (ATCC 90479) was cultured on Difco Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) for TCC 90479.
• PDA Difco Potato Dextrose Agar
• 8.5x10 4 spores were used to inoculate 10 mL of Difco Potato Dextrose Broth in a 150 x 25 mm tube. The tube was incubated at 220 RPM, 22°C for 48 hours.
• the culture was transferred to a 50 mL plastic conical tube containing approximately 20 sterile 5 mm diameter glass beads and vortexed for 5 min. After vortexing the tube was allowed to stand for 5 min to allow large mycelial clumps to settle and then the top layer containing hyphal fragments was removed and used as inocula for growth inhibition assays.
• Fungicides and adjuvants were dissolved in methanol and added to molten PDA ( ⁇ 50°C) and then the agar was distributed in the wells of 12 well multiwell plates (1 mL/well). The plates were cooled to room temperature and 10 ⁇ L of hyphal inoculum was added to the centre of each well. The plates were incubated at 22 °C for 48 hours and then the colony diameter was measured using a digital caliper. The biological growth control consisted of hyphae and vehicle (0.07% methanol), the negative control was media and vehicle (0.07% methanol).
• the effect of the adjuvants on fungicidal activity is represented as fold increase in growth inhibition.
• a value of 1 indicates no increase in fungicidal activity.
• a value less than 1 indicates reduced fungicidal activity and a value greater than 1 indicates increased fungicidal activity.
• Table 1 that the adjuvant la clearly provides adjuvancy properties to the active at a number of different active concentrations. It is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the details of the above embodiments, which are described by way of example only. Many variations are possible.

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• 2023
  • 2023-02-09 CN CN202380021539.2A patent/CN118870972A/zh active Pending
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