WO2023151565A1 - 一种模块化流量测量方法,装置及其应用 - Google Patents

一种模块化流量测量方法,装置及其应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023151565A1
WO2023151565A1 PCT/CN2023/074862 CN2023074862W WO2023151565A1 WO 2023151565 A1 WO2023151565 A1 WO 2023151565A1 CN 2023074862 W CN2023074862 W CN 2023074862W WO 2023151565 A1 WO2023151565 A1 WO 2023151565A1
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Prior art keywords
measurement
pressure
average
channel
differential pressure
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PCT/CN2023/074862
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
付成
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付成
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Priority claimed from CN202310076235.8A external-priority patent/CN116295672A/zh
Publication of WO2023151565A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023151565A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/34Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure
    • G01F1/36Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction
    • G01F1/40Details of construction of the flow constriction devices
    • G01F1/46Pitot tubes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01PMEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P5/00Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
    • G01P5/14Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring differences of pressure in the fluid
    • G01P5/16Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring differences of pressure in the fluid using Pitot tubes, e.g. Machmeter

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of industrial and civil fluid measurement, in particular to a fluid flow test, a measurement method, a device and an application thereof.
  • the average differential pressure measurement component is the Bernoulli equation.
  • the equation describes the conservation characteristics of the sum of kinetic energy, potential energy and pressure energy of the incompressible fluid flow section. After ignoring the change of potential energy in fluid measurement, the equation describes the relationship between kinetic energy and pressure energy. and the conservation properties of .
  • the average differential pressure measurement component is simple to manufacture and fast to measure, and is widely used in fluid flow measurement.
  • Pitot tubes can adopt matrix design to form multi-point average measurement. By measuring the average total pressure and average static pressure of the cross section, the average dynamic pressure can be calculated, and the average flow velocity can be obtained from the Bernoulli equation. As the described device of US3685355A, it is the design form of adding a plurality of static pressure branch pipes to the total pressure branch pipe.
  • one of the more accurate methods for underdeveloped flow regimes is to calculate the average flow velocity by point-by-point measurement with Pitot tubes after the rectifier:
  • ⁇ P 1 + ⁇ P 2 +...+ ⁇ P n can be simplified as the difference between the average total pressure and the average static pressure of the measured cross section.
  • the second formula above has higher measurement accuracy, and the error mainly depends on the deviation between the root mean square and the arithmetic mean of the flow velocity at each point of the measurement section. referred to as velocity distribution error.
  • velocity distribution error When the average differential pressure measuring device is not fully developed in the fluid turbulent flow section and the flow velocity in the measured cross section is seriously uneven, the flow velocity distribution error will increase, and at the same time, the severe uneven flow velocity in the cross section will adversely affect the pressure average performance of the detection tube. The same problem exists when an S-type Pitot tube is used as the average differential pressure measurement component.
  • the shape of the equalizing tube adopted by the average differential pressure measurement component includes square, oval, etc., and the equalizing tube is arranged perpendicular to the axis of the measuring channel.
  • the velocity averaging tube generally has a high-pressure cavity and a low-pressure cavity to form a detection tube.
  • the average differential pressure measurement component is composed of single or multiple uniform velocity tubes. When multiple tubes are used, the high-pressure chambers and low-pressure chambers are connected by pipelines. There are multiple total pressure measurement holes on the upstream surface of the high-pressure chamber of the equalizing tube. The measurement of multiple total pressure measurement holes realizes the measurement of the average high pressure.
  • the measured value of the average high pressure is approximately equal to the average total pressure of the measurement cross section; the low pressure chamber There are multiple low-pressure measuring holes on the side or rear of the averaging tube.
  • a low-pressure distribution area is formed on the side or rear due to local flow velocity enhancement or the appearance of a large number of fluid vortices.
  • the data collected by the averaging tube The average low pressure value is obviously lower than the average static pressure of the measurement cross section, and the average pressure difference measured by the average pressure difference measurement component is generally more than 1.5 times greater than the average dynamic pressure at the measurement cross section.
  • the averaging tube is usually measured by a single one, such as flute-shaped averaging tube and Verabar averaging tube; at the same time, a single low-pressure measuring hole is used in some cases.
  • v m is the average flow velocity of the measurement channel
  • K is the flow coefficient
  • ⁇ p is the average pressure difference
  • is the fluid density.
  • Factors affecting the discharge coefficient include structure coefficient, blockage coefficient, Reynolds number, flow velocity distribution and so on.
  • the differential pressure measuring part is larger.
  • most of the measurement conditions are underdeveloped flow regimes, large turbulence and serious uneven distribution of flow velocity.
  • the asymmetry makes the measurement of the average pressure difference measurement components feasible and accurate. degree is greatly reduced. For example, when some air volume hoods measure smaller tuyeres, the cross-sectional flow velocity deviation is too large.
  • the test results that often appear are larger than the actual value, and the stability of the measurement reading decreases at the same time; the measurement feasibility, stability and accuracy of the variable air volume device are greatly reduced when the straight pipe section in front is insufficient.
  • the present invention starts from various aspects to improve the measurement accuracy and measurement range of the average differential pressure measuring component under unfavorable working conditions.
  • the problem to be solved by the invention is to improve the measurement accuracy of the average differential pressure measurement component under unfavorable working conditions, and to increase its range ratio.
  • a modular flow measurement method is proposed, and its specific scheme is:
  • the detection tubes of a plurality of average pressure difference measurement components are arranged in the measurement channel, and are used to collect the regional pressure differences of multiple measurement sub-regions, the regional pressure differences include multiple average pressure differences, and the high pressure value of the average pressure difference Obtained by averaging multiple total pressure measuring holes in the high pressure cavity;
  • a plurality of straight passages passing through the fluid are set to reduce the turbulence of the measurement cross-section, and the straight passages through the fluid are straight passages from the inside to the outlet, and the hydraulic diameter of the straight passage is less than 0.2 times
  • the hydraulic diameter of the measuring channel, the length of the straight channel is greater than 0.2 times the hydraulic diameter of the straight channel;
  • the regional pressure difference of each measurement sub-region and the area parameters of the measurement sub-regions are used to participate in the calculation, and the total flow rate is calculated according to the area parameters of the measurement sub-regions.
  • the step of measuring the regional pressure difference of each measurement sub-region includes a cyclic measurement method.
  • the plurality of average differential pressure measurement components include at least one static pressure average differential pressure measurement module; the low pressure measurement hole of the static pressure average differential pressure measurement module is located on the cylindrical surface, and the column The straight generatrix of the surface is parallel to the measurement channel axis.
  • the present invention before using the regional pressure difference of each measurement sub-region and the area parameters of the measurement sub-regions to participate in the calculation step, it also includes: closing at least one measurement sub-region through the blocking component and the spacer component, and closing at least one measurement sub-region through the switching component Action to cut off the sampling channel between the corresponding pressure difference measurement module and the pressure difference sensor, and then measure the regional pressure difference of each measurement sub-region.
  • the present invention before using the regional pressure difference of each measurement sub-region and the area parameters of the measurement sub-region to participate in the calculation step, it also includes: actuating the measurement switching valves in a plurality of average pressure difference measurement components, measuring And record the regional pressure difference of at least one measurement module and the regional pressure differences corresponding to the multiple measurement modules formed after the measurement module is split, calculate and obtain the flow coefficient for measurement, and use it in the calculation of the total flow.
  • the measurement switching valves are used to merge the measurement sub-areas, and perform regional differential pressure measurement on the merged measurement sub-areas.
  • the plurality of average differential pressure measurement components adopt unequal annulus measurement points in the fan-shaped or circular measurement area
  • the setting method arranges the total pressure measurement points, and is characterized in that, comprising: S1 determines the total quantity of measurement points outside the center of circle in the area and the measurement point quantity on each measurement arc according to the measurement accuracy, and the measurement on each measurement arc The number of points is not exactly equal, S2 determines the radius of the measurement arc according to the radius formula; S3 distributes the measurement points evenly on the measurement arc.
  • the present invention proposes a method for arranging measurement points in fan-shaped and circular measurement areas aimed at the field of fluid measurement, and its specific scheme is:
  • S1 determines the total number of measurement points located outside the center of the circle and the number of measurement points located on each measurement arc according to the measurement accuracy. The number of measurement points on each measurement arc is not exactly equal.
  • S2 determines the radius of the measurement arc according to the radius formula ; S3 evenly distributes the measurement points on the measurement arc.
  • the present invention carries out the specific design of the flow measurement device, which includes a honeycomb-type flow-through component, a plurality of average pressure difference measurement components, and spacer components; it is used to realize any one of the above-mentioned modular flow measurement methods programs and improvements.
  • the present invention designs a variable air volume device in combination with a modular flow measurement method.
  • the device includes a valve body, a honeycomb-type flow-through component, a plurality of average differential pressure measurement components, an air volume adjustment component, a differential pressure sensor, a sampling channel, and a control device;
  • the detection tubes of the plurality of average differential pressure measurement components are located inside the valve body, and are used to collect the regional differential pressures of the multiple measurement sub-regions, the regional differential pressures include multiple average differential pressures, and the high pressure value of the average differential pressure It is obtained by averaging a plurality of total pressure measurement holes in the high-pressure chamber;
  • the honeycomb-type flow-through component is arranged in front of the plurality of average differential pressure measurement components, which includes a plurality of straight passages through which the fluid passes to reduce the measurement cross-section Turbulence degree, the inside of the flow channel to the outlet is a straight channel, the hydraulic diameter of the straight channel is less than 0.2 times the hydraulic diameter of the measuring channel, and the length
  • the plurality of average differential pressure measuring components are connected to the differential pressure sensor through the sampling channel, the differential pressure sensor transmits the differential pressure signal to the control device, and the control device transmits the control signal to the air volume adjustment component; the control device measures the The regional pressure difference is calculated and drives the air volume adjustment unit to adjust the air volume passing through the valve body.
  • valve body of the variable air volume device includes a spacer inside, and the spacer separates the measurement channel to reduce turbulence in the measurement areas on both sides.
  • variable air volume device includes a switching component, and the sampling switching component performs cyclic measurement of the regional pressure difference of at least part of the measurement sub-regions.
  • At least one static pressure type average pressure difference measurement module is included in the plurality of average pressure difference measurement components; the low pressure measurement hole of the static pressure type average pressure difference measurement module is located on the cylindrical surface, The straight generatrix of the cylinder is parallel to the measurement channel axis.
  • control device closes at least one measurement sub-area through the air volume adjustment part and the spacer part, and cuts off the sampling between the corresponding measurement module of the above-mentioned measurement sub-area and the differential pressure sensor through the action of the switching part. channel, and then measure the area differential pressure of each measurement sub-area.
  • control device operates the measurement switching valves in the multiple average pressure difference measurement components, measures and records the regional pressure difference of at least one measurement module and the multiple pressure differences formed after the measurement module is split.
  • the pressure difference of multiple areas corresponding to the measurement module is calculated to obtain the flow coefficient for measurement and used in the calculation process.
  • variable air volume device As a further improvement of the variable air volume device, at least one of the spacer parts has an actuator and is opened by the control device, and then the control device measures the regional pressure difference by measuring the action of the switching valve and combining the relevant measurement sub-regions.
  • Figure 1 is an example of multiple average differential pressure measurement components in a rectangular measurement channel 1
  • Figure 2 is a part of the measurement module in the form of Pitot tube
  • Figure 3 is an installation example 1 of multiple average differential pressure measurement components in a rectangular measurement channel
  • Figure 4 is a partial side view of total pressure measurement in example 1 of multiple average differential pressure measurement components in a rectangular measurement channel
  • Figure 5 is the installation example 1 of example 1 of multiple average differential pressure measurement components in a rectangular measurement channel
  • Figure 6 is an example of a honeycomb partition
  • Figure 7 is an example 1 of multiple average differential pressure measurement components in a circular measurement channel
  • Figure 8 is a part of the measurement module in the form of single measurement channel Pitot tube
  • Figure 9 is a side view of the total pressure measurement part of an example of multiple average differential pressure measurement components in a circular measurement channel
  • Figure 10 is an example of the layout of the fan-shaped measurement area
  • Figure 12 is an example 2 of multiple average differential pressure measurement components in a circular measurement channel
  • Figure 13 is an example 2 of multiple average differential pressure measurement components in a rectangular measurement channel
  • Figure 14 is an example 3 of multiple average differential pressure measurement components in a rectangular measurement channel
  • Figure 15 is an example 3 of multiple average differential pressure measurement components in a circular measurement channel
  • Figure 16 is an example of a honeycomb rectifier with a removable rectangular measuring channel
  • Figure 17 shows an example of a removable measuring channel spacer
  • Figure 18 shows an example of an interval valve design
  • Figure 19 is an example of the design of the spacer plate box
  • Figure 20 is an example of circular measurement channel spacing design
  • Figure 21 is a cross-sectional view of an installation example of multiple average differential pressure measurement components in a circular measurement channel
  • Figure 22 is an example of a multi-sensor measurement method
  • Figure 23 is an example 1 of the cycle measurement method
  • Figure 24 is an example 2 of the cycle measurement method
  • Figure 25 is an example of a rectangular variable air volume device
  • Figure 26 is an example of a circular variable air volume device
  • Figure 27 is an example of air volume adjustment components of a rectangular variable air volume device
  • Figure 28 is a part of Example 1 of the air volume adjustment component of a circular variable air volume device
  • Figure 29 is an example of the air volume and air volume adjustment components of a circular variable air volume device
  • Figure 30 is a part of example 2 of the air volume adjustment component of the circular variable air volume device
  • Figure 31 is a part of Example 3 of the air volume adjustment component of a circular variable air volume device
  • the component used to measure the overall average pressure difference of the fluid in the measurement channel is called a single average pressure difference measurement component, which is characterized in that it collects the overall average pressure difference of the measurement channel, including a plurality of total pressure measurement holes communicated through the high-pressure cavity , for the measurement of average high pressure; unlike the Venturi tube, it does not change the profile of the fluid measurement channel, and the average low pressure collects hydrostatic pressure or detects the pressure of the low pressure distribution area generated by the fluid flow around the tube.
  • the high-pressure cavity and the low-pressure cavity described below include the inner cavity of the detection tube and the internal cavity in the connecting pipeline of the detection tube; the high-pressure cavity and the low-pressure cavity are separated from each other.
  • the module used to measure the differential pressure of the local area in the measurement channel is called a measurement module; the measurement module includes one or more detection tube combinations, and the measurement module has a total pressure measurement hole for the corresponding measurement sub-area Measurement of high pressure value; low pressure value acquisition of hydrostatic pressure or the pressure of low pressure distribution area generated by fluid flow around the detection tube.
  • the measurement module may have only one total pressure measurement hole, such as an L-shaped Pitot tube.
  • Fig. 1 Shown in Fig. 1 is the static pressure type average differential pressure measuring part, the first high-pressure main pipe 101ha and three high-pressure branch pipes 11 connected thereto, the first low-pressure main pipe 101la and two low-pressure branch pipes 12 connected thereto, four low-pressure branch pipes
  • the branch pipe 13 constitutes a measurement module. There are 7 measurements in the graph module.
  • Figure 14 shows the non-static pressure type average differential pressure measuring part, the 7th total pressure measurement hole, the 8th total pressure measurement hole, the 9th total pressure measurement hole, and the diamond-shaped equal velocity tube where the 10th total pressure measurement hole is located
  • a second detection tube 1rl; a single second detection tube 1rl, its connected high-pressure branch pipe 11, low-pressure branch pipe 12, and two solenoid valves 10800 constitute a measurement module and a measurement sub-area.
  • the example in the picture can have up to 9 measurement modules when measuring.
  • the measurement module When the measurement module has multiple total pressure measurement holes, it is called an average differential pressure measurement module, and the multiple total pressure measurement holes are connected through a high-pressure cavity.
  • the measurement module includes corresponding connecting pipes and measurement switching valves; the corresponding connecting pipes include corresponding branch pipes, branch branch pipes, high-pressure main pipes, low-pressure main pipes and so on.
  • Fig. 1 and Fig. 14 are average differential pressure measuring modules.
  • the low pressure collected by the measurement module is divided into two types: static pressure and non-static pressure.
  • One of the characteristics of the static pressure measurement module is that the low-voltage measurement hole is located on the cylinder, and the straight generatrix of the cylinder is parallel to the axis of the measurement channel. It can be a straight section, and the straight bus has a certain length to eliminate the influence of the flow around the front streamline; the measured low pressure value is close to the average static pressure of the measured cross section.
  • the non-static pressure measurement module uses various uniform velocity tubes, and the S-type Pitot tube is used as the detection tube to measure the pressure of the low pressure distribution area generated by the fluid flow around the detection tube; for the Fechheimer type Pitot tube, although the low pressure value is close to the hydrostatic pressure in front , but it is also used to measure the pressure in the low-pressure distribution area generated by the fluid flow around the detection tube.
  • the average differential pressure measurement module is divided into static pressure type and non-static pressure type.
  • the common shape of the equalizing tube includes square, oval, etc., and the equalizing tube is arranged perpendicular to the axis of the measuring channel.
  • the velocity averaging tube generally has a high-pressure cavity and a low-pressure cavity to form a detection tube.
  • the average differential pressure measurement component can be composed of single or multiple uniform velocity tubes. When multiple tubes are used, the high-pressure chambers and low-pressure chambers are connected by pipelines. There are multiple total pressure measuring holes on the upstream surface of the high-pressure chamber of the equalizing tube. The average high pressure of the fluid total pressure in the high-pressure chamber is approximately equal to the average total pressure of the measuring cross-section; There are multiple low-pressure measuring holes on the side or rear.
  • the local flow velocity increases or a large number of vortices appear on the side or rear, forming a low pressure distribution area, and the average low pressure value collected by the velocity uniform tube is significantly lower.
  • the average pressure difference is generally more than 1.5 times greater than the average dynamic pressure at the measurement cross section.
  • the high-pressure cavity and low-pressure cavity of the equalizing tube can be designed separately to form two detection tubes.
  • the velocity equalizing tube in the present invention can adopt various other cross-sectional shapes.
  • the average pressure difference measurement module adopts the s-type Pitot tube combination
  • the multiple full-pressure holes of the s-type Pitot tube are connected through the pipeline, and the multiple low-pressure measurement holes are connected through the pipeline; the average pressure difference is measured by measuring the difference between high pressure and low pressure .
  • the low pressure value is also the low pressure value in the vortex area behind the detection tube, and the average pressure difference is generally more than 1.3 times the average dynamic pressure at the measurement cross section, and the specific shape of the detection tube is also various.
  • the average differential pressure measurement component in the present invention adopts a modular design, which has multiple measurement modules and multiple measurement sub-regions.
  • Each measurement module contains at least a plurality of average differential pressure measurement modules.
  • This component can be defined as multiple average Differential pressure measurement components; the measurement sub-area refers to the measurement area undertaken by a single measurement module in the measurement channel, including the area occupied by the detection tube.
  • the sum of the areas of all measurement sub-areas is equal to that of the measurement channel Total cross-sectional area; multiple measurement sub-areas in the measurement channel can be combined into one measurement sub-area by opening the measurement switching valve, so only one measurement sub-area can be included in the measurement channel; each measurement module can interact with each other through the action of the measurement switching valve Combined, only one measurement module can be included in the measurement channel;
  • the differential pressure value provided by each measurement sub-area is called the regional differential pressure, which is obtained by the differential pressure sensor and sent to the flow measurement circuit for calculation;
  • the differential pressure in each area contains multiple average Pressure difference, the high pressure value of the average pressure difference is averaged by multiple total pressure measuring holes in the high pressure chamber, and the low pressure value of the average pressure difference is collected from the hydrostatic pressure or the pressure of the low pressure distribution area generated by the fluid flow around the detection tube; a single area
  • the differential pressure can be measured with only one total pressure measuring hole, and the regional differential pressure does not belong to the average differential pressure at this time.
  • the detection tube in the present invention refers to a hollow tube with a total pressure measurement hole or a low pressure measurement hole in the measurement channel, which is used for total pressure measurement or low pressure measurement, and has a specific cross-sectional shape.
  • the definition of high-pressure branch pipe and low-pressure branch pipe refers to the branch pipe connected to the high-pressure main pipe and the low-pressure main pipe
  • the definition of branch pipe refers to all the branch pipes connected to the branch pipe.
  • the high-pressure main pipe refers to the main pipe used for measuring the average of the total pressure, and the sensor pressure sampling port is arranged on it;
  • the low-pressure main pipe refers to the main pipe used for the low-pressure measurement average, and the sensor pressure sampling port is arranged on it;
  • the manifold refers to the sampling manifold directly connected to the high pressure end of the differential pressure sensor, and the low pressure manifold refers to the sampling manifold directly connected to the low pressure end of the differential pressure sensor.
  • each part can adopt a compact design, such as the high-pressure cavity in the detection tube, the low-pressure cavity can be directly connected to the main pipe, and there are no high-pressure branch pipes and low-pressure branch pipes in the form.
  • the high-pressure cavity in the detection tube And the low-pressure cavity is equivalent to the high-pressure branch pipe and the low-pressure branch pipe; when the detection tube in the measurement channel has a pressure sampling port and is directly connected to the differential pressure sensor, the high-pressure cavity and low-pressure cavity of the detection tube are the high-pressure main pipe and the low-pressure main pipe.
  • Figure 1 Figure 7, Figure 12, Figure 13, Figure 14, and Figure 15 are examples of multiple average differential pressure measurement components, which are used in rectangular and circular measuring channels.
  • the following design can be used to manufacture different shapes of average pressure difference measurement components.
  • the multiple average pressure difference measurement components in Figure 1 are suitable for rectangular measurement channels, and are composed of 6 static pressure type average pressure difference measurement modules with 6 measurement sub-areas.
  • the device has 6 pairs of low-pressure main pipes and high-pressure main pipes, respectively The first high-pressure main 101ha, the first low-pressure main 101la, the second high-pressure main 102hb, the second low-pressure main 102lb, the third high-pressure main 103ha, the third low-pressure main 103la, the fourth high-pressure main 104ha, the fourth low-pressure main 104la, the fifth High pressure main pipe 105ha, the fifth low pressure main pipe 105la, the sixth high pressure main pipe 106ha, the sixth low pressure main pipe 106la.
  • the low-pressure main pipe collects the average static pressure in the measurement sub-area.
  • a single low-pressure main pipe connects two low-pressure branch pipes 12, and a single low-pressure branch pipe connects two low-pressure branch pipes 13.
  • the low-pressure branch pipe 13 adopts a single-channel pipe.
  • the static pressure is collected by hosting, and a plurality of measuring holes are arranged on it.
  • the high-pressure main pipe collects the average total pressure in the measurement sub-area.
  • a single high-pressure main pipe is connected to three high-pressure branch pipes 11;
  • the total pressure measuring hole can be called the total pressure averaging tube.
  • the low-pressure branch pipe is located behind the cross-section of the high-pressure branch pipe, which can effectively reduce the influence on its measurement and reduce fluid resistance.
  • the static pressure measurement point needs to keep a certain distance from the total pressure measurement point.
  • the static pressure value of each point in the axial direction is different. It is necessary to control the static pressure and the distance between the total pressure measurement points to ensure the measurement accuracy.
  • Figure 3 shows that the example shown in Figure 1 is installed in the measurement channel 5a, and a honeycomb rectifier is designed in front of it.
  • the connection between the detection tube and the measurement channel can be welded, screwed, socketed and so on.
  • the middle part of the channel can be strengthened with thin and thin materials, and at the same time, it should be arranged reasonably to minimize the impact on the flow field.
  • the detection tubes can be connected with each other by welding and connectors to enhance the structural strength.
  • the fabrication method and details apply to other examples in this disclosure.
  • the front and rear are determined according to the flow direction of the fluid, and the direction along the flow is the direction from front to back.
  • Fig. 4 is a side view of the high-voltage detection tube shown in Fig. 1 in a rectangular channel.
  • the measurement channel 5a is divided into 6 rectangular areas as measurement sub-areas.
  • the arrangement of the total pressure measurement points in the measurement sub-area can follow the traditional method of dividing small rectangles.
  • the measurement sub-area klmn is divided into 9 small measurement rectangles by dotted lines 1001a, 1002a, 1003a, 1004a, and has 9 total pressure measurement points, such as the 6th total pressure measurement point 6h in the center of the mrpq small rectangle, other total pressure measurements Point and so on.
  • the layout method of the static pressure measurement point is the same as that of the total pressure measurement point. When the honeycomb rectifier is used, the consistency of the static pressure is improved, and the distribution quantity can be adjusted according to the consistency of the static pressure distribution and the measurement accuracy requirements.
  • each sub-area There are 4 static pressure measuring points.
  • the multiple average differential pressure measurement components 1 in Figure 7 are suitable for circular measurement channels, and are composed of 7 static pressure-type average differential pressure measurement modules, with 1 central circular measurement sub-area and 6 fan-shaped measurement sub-areas, and the components have 7 pairs of low-pressure main pipes and high-pressure main pipes, namely the seventh high-pressure main pipe 101ha, the seventh low-pressure main pipe 101la, the eighth high-pressure main pipe 102hb, the eighth low-pressure main pipe 102lb, the ninth high-pressure main pipe 103ha, the ninth low-pressure main pipe 103la, and the tenth high-pressure main pipe 104ha, the tenth low-pressure main pipe 104la, the eleventh high-pressure main pipe 106ha, the eleventh low-pressure main pipe 106la, the twelfth high-pressure main pipe 107ha, the twelfth low-pressure main pipe 107la, and the thirteenth high-pressure main pipe 105ha connecting the central circle measurement sub-area , The thirteenth low pressure main pipe 105la.
  • the type of detection tube used in the example in Fig. 7 is consistent with that in Fig. 1, the difference is that the high-pressure branch pipe 11 and the low-pressure branch pipe 12 are arc-shaped, and the ends are sealed with plugs, and the reinforcement structures can be welded to each other.
  • Figure 9 is a side view of the high pressure branch pipe and the total pressure measuring point in the example of Figure 7 .
  • the boundary points i, j, a, and b in the figure constitute a sector measurement
  • the quantum area is the sum of the measurement areas of all measurement points in the area, and it is also the measurement boundary between measurement modules.
  • the arc where the boundary points a and b are located constitutes the central circle measurement sub-area. In actual engineering, the central circle measurement sub-area can be canceled and not designed.
  • multiple fan-shaped measurement sub-areas can form a fan-shaped measurement sub-area.
  • the characteristic of the fan-shaped measurement area is that the boundary line of the measurement area consists of two arc-shaped boundaries with the same center and two radial line segments passing through the center of the circle; the radius of the small arc boundary can be 0, and the small arc becomes 1 point, which also belongs to the fan-shaped measurement area.
  • the total pressure measurement points of the central circle measurement sub-area are arranged according to the iso-annulus method, and a total of 3 concentric rings are selected, and 18 measurement points are arranged.
  • This example optimizes the design of the total pressure layout points in the fan-shaped measurement area.
  • the area of the fan-shaped area surrounded by the four points i, j, a, and b in the figure is 1/7S, which is equal to the area of the other 5 fan-shaped areas.
  • S is the measurement The total cross-sectional area of the channel.
  • the measurement area of each sector can be adjusted, and the respective areas can be different.
  • 14 total pressure measurement points are designed in the fan-shaped measurement area surrounded by four points i, j, a, and b, with 4 measurement arcs, and the measurement arcs have 5, 4, 3, and 2 measurement points respectively.
  • the first full pressure measurement point 1h, the second full pressure measurement point 2h, the third full pressure measurement point 3h, the fourth full pressure measurement point 4h, the fifth full pressure measurement point 5h, a total of 5 points are on one of the measurement arcs,
  • the end point is the boundary point s, t; the measurement area of the five measurement points constitutes the measurement ring, and the end points are i, j, g, h; the other three measurement arcs correspond to their respective measurement rings.
  • the boundary line of the measurement ring can be calculated.
  • the arc of point g, the arc of point e, the arc of point c, and the arc of point a have a radius of 0.833R , 0.670R, 0.515R, 0.378R;
  • the positions of the measurement arcs in each measurement ring can be arranged according to the method of equally dividing the area of the measurement ring, as shown in Figure 9, the ijts ring area and the sthg ring area have the same area;
  • the calculated radii of each measurement arc are 0.920R, 0.756R, 0.598R, 0.452R respectively, and R is the radius of the measurement channel.
  • the measurement arc refers to the circular arc with the fan-shaped measurement area where the measurement point is located, and the circular arc takes the measurement area boundary of the measurement point as the end point; the measurement ring is formed by the sum of the measurement areas of all measurement points on the measurement arc. Area.
  • the measurement arc between the dividing points s and t is divided into 10 equal parts to determine the specific positions of the 5 measurement points; the length of the arc between each measurement point is equal, so that the measurement area of each measurement point is equal.
  • the static pressure measurement points of the static pressure type average differential pressure measurement module can be arranged in the same way as above.
  • each fan-shaped sub-area has 2 measurement arcs and 6 static pressure measurement points.
  • the distribution quantity can be adjusted according to the consistency and accuracy requirements of the static pressure distribution, and a single static pressure measurement point can be used as needed.
  • the total number of measurement points in the fan-shaped measurement area, the number of measurement arcs, and the number of measurement points on each measurement arc can be determined according to the measurement accuracy.
  • the number of measurement arcs, the determination of the number of measurement points on each measurement arc can be reasonably divided, so that the measurement area borne by each measurement point is as close to a square or regular triangle as possible; Surrounded by lines, close to a square.
  • the number of measuring arcs in the example and the number of points on each measuring arc can be further optimized according to this principle.
  • the radius calculation of the measurement arc of the fan-shaped measurement sub-region and the boundary line of the measurement ring can be summarized into a mathematical calculation formula.
  • the fan-shaped measurement area has a total of N measurement points, and the radii of the boundary lines of the area are R min , R max , respectively.
  • the number of measurement points between the small diameter and the small diameter is n 1
  • the number of measurement points between the measurement arc or the boundary of the measurement ring domain and the major diameter is n 2 .
  • the radius of the measured arc measurement ring The small diameter of the measurement area can be 0, that is, the area takes the center of the circle as the endpoint. At this time, there is no central circle in the measurement channel, and it can also be used in engineering.
  • the central circle measurement area can be considered as a fan-shaped area with an angle of 360 degrees, and the measurement points can also be divided according to the above method and formula.
  • the circular area can be divided into several measurement rings and a small central circle to arrange the total pressure arrangement points.
  • the small central circle has 1 total pressure measuring point, which is located in the center of the circle.
  • the two measurement rings have 3 and 6 measurement points respectively, which are evenly distributed on the respective measurement arcs, and the measurement arcs are indicated by dotted lines.
  • Calculate the dividing line R r1 of the two measurement rings as R r2 is Measure arc R1 as Measure arc R2 as A measuring arc of a circular area, also known as a measuring circle.
  • the specific steps for the arrangement of measurement points in a fan-shaped or circular measurement area can be: S1 Determine the total number of measurement points located outside the center of the circle in the area and the number of measurement points located on each measurement arc according to the measurement accuracy, and the number of measurement points on each measurement arc The number of measuring points is not exactly equal. S2 determines the radius of the measuring arc according to the radius formula. S3 evenly distributes the measurement points on the measurement arc.
  • the f a value of different layout schemes can be calculated, which represents the average similarity between the measurement area of all measurement points outside the center of the circle and the regular triangle or square.
  • the specific method may be, S1: Determine the geometric center of the measurement area of each measurement point, that is, the center of gravity. S2: Construct an equilateral triangle whose area is equal to the area of the measurement area. The geometric center coincides with the above-mentioned center. Rotate the equilateral triangle so that one apex of the equilateral triangle is located in the radial direction of the geometric center and makes the apex close to the center of the circle.
  • S3 Compare the ratio of the overlapping area of the measurement area and the equilateral triangle to the area of the measurement area, that is, the similarity f 1 .
  • S4 Make a square with an area equal to the area of the measurement area, the geometric center coincides with the above-mentioned center, and make the midpoint of one side of the square be located in the radial direction of the geometric center. Compare the ratio of the overlapping area of the measurement area and the square to the area of the measurement area, that is, the similarity f 2 .
  • S5 Take the maximum value of f1 and f2 . That is f 0 .
  • the number of measurement points on each measurement arc can be changed, and the average similarity f a in different schemes can be compared to find the optimal arrangement corresponding to the maximum value.
  • the above formula can be input into the computer, the assumptions can be made, and the optimal solution can be obtained by manual or program optimization.
  • each boundary of the fan-shaped area and the boundary connection will have displacement or deformation, and approximate processing can be done in the actual measurement point layout.
  • the measurement layout can be consistent with the above method.
  • This method is compared with the conventional circular measurement area distribution method. The same point is that the measurement area of each measurement point is equal.
  • the method of arranging measurement points can be called the unequal annulus method.
  • the unequal annulus point distribution method has wider applicability and higher measurement accuracy under some conditions for the fluid development is seriously insufficient and the measurement of diversified flow velocity distribution.
  • the layout method has a clear formula and is suitable for computer or manual calculation. Circular and fan-shaped measurement area measurement point layout can also be arranged according to other layout methods such as logarithmic linear method.
  • flow rate measurement is not limited to Pitot tube type probes, one or more probes can be used, mechanical rotating probes can be used, and various thermal ball, hot wire, hot film and other probes based on the principle of heat dissipation rate can be used. , Vortex probes and so on.
  • one probe can measure one or more measurement areas point by point, and the results can be arithmetically averaged to achieve high-precision and low-cost measurement. Probe for point averaging measurements.
  • Pitot tube static pressure measurement modules can also be used in actual engineering design, and Figure 2 shows a part of this type of example.
  • the basic structure of the four Pitot branch pipes 16 is consistent with the detection tube structure of the common L-shaped Pitot pipe. There are total pressure measurement holes and 4 static pressure measurement holes in the front. The structure is consistent, and it is a double-layer pipe structure.
  • the full-pressure channel of the Pitot branch pipe 16 communicates with the full-pressure passage of the Pitot branch pipe 15, the static pressure passage of the Pitot branch pipe 16 communicates with the static pressure passage of the Pitot branch pipe 15, and the bottom opening of the Pitot branch pipe will
  • the full pressure is exported to the high-pressure branch pipe 11, and the static pressure is exported to the low-pressure branch pipe 12 by opening holes on the side of the Pitot branch pipe. Due to the consistency of the static pressure distribution after the rectifier, the above four static pressure measurement holes can be designed as one; at the same time, the double-layer structure of the Pitot tube can be optimized to reduce the flow resistance.
  • the static pressure type average differential pressure measurement module can also use a single-channel Pitot tube to collect the total pressure.
  • Fig. 8 is a part of this type of design.
  • Three high-pressure branch pipes 14 are connected to the high-pressure branch pipe 11, and the high-pressure branch pipe adopts a single-channel Pitot tube design.
  • the position of the total pressure measurement hole can be arranged after the position of the static pressure measurement hole to reduce the influence on the static pressure distribution.
  • the static pressure measurement point may have only one measurement hole.
  • the static pressure consistency is improved, the pressure difference between the static pressure measurement holes of the static pressure type average differential pressure measurement module is reduced, the fluid flow in the low pressure cavity is slowed down, and the static pressure average value measurement accuracy of the components is improved.
  • the measurement accuracy of the static pressure measurement module is mainly affected by the flow velocity distribution error and the average performance of the detection tube when the number of measurement points is fixed; compared with the non-static pressure type average differential pressure measurement module, the measurement accuracy has fewer factors, It can be preferred in the flow field where the flow velocity is seriously insufficient; the shape of the detection tube of the static pressure measurement module can be other than a round tube; in the measurement, the static pressure type average differential pressure measurement module can be combined with other types of modules Use in combination.
  • the static pressure measurement points do not have to be arranged strictly according to the above-mentioned measurement layout method; in some cases, some or all of the static pressure measurement points can be offset relative to the theoretical layout points according to the needs, so as to meet the measurement accuracy of in principle.
  • Each high-pressure branch pipe of the static pressure type measurement module, each low-pressure branch pipe, and the connecting pipes can be added between each low-pressure branch pipe to improve the pressure average performance. This design is suitable for the non-static pressure type measurement module.
  • the static pressure measurement point in the present invention refers to the geometric center where the small holes around the single detection tube are located, that is, the center of gravity; when the accuracy is allowed, only one measurement hole can be designed for the measurement hole group to improve the average performance and anti-blocking performance of the components , at this time the center of gravity of a single measuring hole becomes the exact position of the measuring point; the center of gravity of the total pressure measuring hole is the exact position of the total pressure measuring point.
  • the relative average deviation of the flow velocity of the fluid behind local resistance parts such as elbows and tees is too large, resulting in excessive flow velocity distribution errors during the measurement process.
  • the flow velocity distribution of the fluid behind the local resistance often shows a high consistency in the local area. If the channel is divided into multiple measurement sub-areas, the measurement module is used to measure the pressure difference of the separate area, and the average value of the measurement sub-area is calculated separately.
  • the total flow is calculated according to the area parameters of the measurement sub-area, and the measurement accuracy will be significantly improved compared to a single average differential pressure measurement component; the improvement is also obvious for the non-static pressure measurement module; one of the improvement factors is the single measurement sub-area The relative average deviation of the flow velocity in the area is reduced; the second improvement factor is that the relative average deviation of the flow velocity in a single measurement sub-area is reduced, and at the same time, there are relatively few total pressure measurement holes and low pressure measurement holes in a single measurement sub-area, resulting in a , the fluid flow in the low-pressure cavity slows down, and the average pressure measurement accuracy of the components is improved.
  • Figure 12 shows an example of the uniform velocity tube type used in the circular measuring channel.
  • the measuring component is composed of several first detection tubes 1rt, and the cross section of the first detection tube 1rt is an elongated ellipse.
  • the device has 6 fan-shaped measurement sub-areas and 1 central circle measurement sub-area, including 7 high-pressure main pipes 100h, 7 low-pressure main pipes 100l, 7 high-pressure sampling pipes 10901, and 7 low-pressure sampling pipes 10902.
  • Each fan-shaped measurement sub-area is composed of several detection tubes in different directions, including 3 high-pressure branch pipes 11, 3 low-pressure branch pipes 12, and 3 measurement rings, and the inner measurement ring includes 2 full-pressure Measuring hole 0h, the middle measuring ring area includes 3 total pressure measuring holes 0h, the outer measuring ring area includes 4 total pressure measuring holes 0h, and the back of each total pressure measuring hole corresponds to a low pressure measuring hole.
  • the central circle measurement sub-area includes a central connection block 110, three sets of first detection tubes 1rt, and 2 measurement rings, the inner measurement ring includes 3 total pressure measurement holes, and the outer measurement ring includes 6 Total pressure measuring hole.
  • the central connection block 110 is designed with a partition inside, which is divided into a high-pressure cavity and a low-pressure cavity.
  • the three sets of detection tubes are connected to average the total pressure measurement value and the low-pressure measurement value.
  • the central connection block is connected to the high-pressure sampling tube 10901, and the low-pressure sampling Tube 10902. At this time, the central connection block 110 is equivalent to a high-pressure main pipe and a low-pressure main pipe.
  • the structure coefficient of the uniform velocity tube can be understood as the flow velocity of the area not disturbed by the uniform velocity tube when the uniform velocity tube is placed in an infinite straight flow field.
  • the ratio of the flow velocity calculated by the Bernoulli equation to the high and low pressure difference of the velocity tube is expressed as K 1 is the structure coefficient, v i is the flow velocity in the area not disturbed by the averaging tube, P in is the total pressure value of the averaging tube, and P io is the low pressure value of the averaging tube.
  • K1 is related to the Reynolds number Re i calculated from the flow rate relative to the section width of the averaging tube.
  • the section width here refers to the maximum width of the fluid blocked by the averaging tube, and the direction of the section width is perpendicular to the axis of the channel in the averaging tube.
  • the flow coefficient K of the measurement module can be obtained by experiment or theoretical calculation due to the influence of blockage.
  • the measurement sub-channel where the measurement module is located is placed in the straight and uniform flow field, and the obtained flow coefficient is called the theoretical flow coefficient; the related expression can be Among them, K 0 is the theoretical flow coefficient, ⁇ P is the pressure difference measured by the measurement module, V 0 is the flow velocity of uniform direct current, and the influencing factors of K 0 include factors affecting the Reynolds number: flow velocity V 0 , kinematic viscosity coefficient ⁇ . K 0 can be calculated through performance experiments.
  • the measurement module and the measurement sub-channel can be placed in the straight and uniform flow field, keeping ⁇ and ⁇ constant, and the flow velocity of different streamlines in the front flow field is approximately equal except for the laminar flow near the wall.
  • the flow coefficient is K 0 ; constantly change the flow rate V 0 , measure and calculate different K 0 values; record ⁇ P and K 0 to form a sample database, and then establish by interpolation or fitting with ⁇ P as the independent variable and K 0 as the function value
  • the function can be segmented fit function.
  • the measurement modules of the three total pressure measurement holes connected to the 14th solenoid valve 10814 and the 23rd solenoid valve 10823 can use the above method to measure and sort out the calculation function of their theoretical flow coefficient K 0 .
  • the measurement module can be partially improved, so that it can be used flexibly.
  • each high-pressure branch pipe can be controlled by the control device and the high-pressure summary pipe is turned on and off; the low-pressure branch pipe is acted accordingly to form a measurement module.
  • This kind of control method for branch pipes or branch pipes can be called branch pipe controllable; in actual engineering, solenoid valves can be changed to manual valves, pneumatic valves and various types of valves.
  • the first solenoid valve 10801, the second solenoid valve 10802, the third solenoid valve 10803, the fourth solenoid valve 10804, and the fifth solenoid valve 10805 are turned on, and other solenoid valves are closed to form a measurement module, which can be controlled by pressure
  • the differential sensor first measures the differential pressure in this area.
  • a variety of solenoid valve opening combinations can be formed, and a variety of measurement modules and measurement sub-areas can be formed; the differential pressure sensor can be used for cyclic measurement.
  • Accompanying drawing 14 has shown the design example of diamond-shaped equal velocity tube in rectangular channel, and 9 equal velocity tubes are connected to high-pressure collecting pipe 100h and low-pressure collecting pipe 100l through high-pressure branch pipe 11 and low-pressure branch pipe 12, and there are altogether designed on branch pipe 18 solenoid valves.
  • Various opening combinations can be formed for 18 solenoid valves, and various measurement modules and measurement sub-areas can be formed.
  • the solenoid valve 10800 on the low-pressure branch pipe is opened, and when the other solenoid valves are closed, a measurement module including two speed-average pipes is formed.
  • the cyclic measurement of the differential pressure is realized through the control of the solenoid valve.
  • the example in Figure 15 has a design change based on the example in Figure 12.
  • the number and distribution of measurement points remain unchanged. It merges 6 peripheral high-pressure main pipes into one; merges 6 low-pressure main pipes into one; adds 1 solenoid valve to each of the 3 high-pressure manifolds in a single sector valve; one solenoid valve is added to each of the three low-pressure manifolds in a single fan-shaped area; the original high-pressure sampling pipe of the measurement module in the central circle area is connected to the 24th solenoid valve 10824, and the original low-pressure sampling pipe is connected to the The 25th solenoid valve is 10825, and at the same time, the pipe diameter of the sampling pipe is thickened to make it a branch pipe.
  • the above-mentioned valves arranged on the branch pipes can be called measurement switching valves, and the measurement switching valves can also be arranged on the branch pipes. They, together with the switch valves and valve islands arranged on the sampling pipes described later, can be collectively referred to as switching components. Measuring the action of the switching valve can cause one measurement module to be split into multiple measurement modules, and multiple measurement modules can be combined at the same time.
  • the measurement switching valve also includes a valve arranged between the main pipes. When the two measurement modules have high-pressure main pipes and low-pressure main pipes respectively, a switching valve can be set between the high-pressure main pipes and the low-pressure main pipes.
  • the two The two measurement modules are combined into one measurement module, and the two measurement sub-areas are combined into one measurement sub-area.
  • the controllable design of the branch pipe due to the single A small number of detection tubes can be used for each measurement module, and the number of measurement holes is relatively small, which reduces the average performance drop in the measurement tube caused by the unbalanced pressure difference between regions. Another advantage is that it can form a good fit with the spacer, and can be opened as needed to combine measurement sub-areas for rapid measurement.
  • the component contains a plurality of straight passages passing through the fluid, which are used to reduce the turbulence of the measurement cross section. Above the hydraulic diameter of the straight channel, the hydraulic diameter of the straight channel is less than 0.2 times the hydraulic diameter of the measuring channel.
  • the straight channel passing through the fluid can be referred to as the flow channel unit for short, and its flow cross section can be rectangular, regular hexagonal or other arbitrary shapes, and the flow cross-sectional area of each flow channel unit can be unequal, and multiple flow pipes can be used combined.
  • This kind of overcurrent component can be called honeycomb rectifier.
  • the straight channel is allowed to have a certain roughness and deformation, that is, the inner surface of the straight channel is not completely smooth cylinder.
  • the advantage of this kind of rectifier is that while reducing the degree of turbulence, a more consistent static pressure distribution can be obtained.
  • the honeycomb rectifier can drill small holes on the wall of the honeycomb unit to form an opening wall. Experiments have proved that the opening wall has different effects on reducing the turbulence at the measurement point.
  • the rectifying part 2 is made of stainless steel sheet, the thickness of the honeycomb wall 32 is 0.1mm, the honeycomb unit is 5mm*5mm square, and the length of a single overflow channel unit 31 is 25mm.
  • the wall of the honeycomb unit is thin, which can be called a thin-walled honeycomb rectifier.
  • the thin-walled honeycomb rectifier is characterized by thin cell walls and a relatively large ratio of the net flow area to the total channel area, preferably greater than 0.88.
  • Honeycomb rectifiers are thin-walled to help reduce rearward turbulence.
  • the preferred hydraulic diameter of the flow channel unit in engineering is based on the Reynolds number of the measured flow velocity being less than the critical Reynolds number of laminar flow of 2000, the Reynolds number of the fluid in the honeycomb unit is greatly reduced, the velocity component of the fluid cross-section direction is greatly restricted, and the degree of lateral turbulence significantly weakened.
  • the axial average velocity of the fluid at the outlet space point of the honeycomb rectifier fluctuates along the direction of the cross section, and the axial average velocity oscillates periodically with the diameter of the honeycomb unit, and the uneven distribution does not meet the measurement requirements.
  • the effective distance between the outlet of the rectifier and the measurement point which can guarantee a certain flow rate measurement accuracy, can be expressed by x/d.
  • x is the distance between the outlet surface of the rectifier and the measurement point
  • d is the hydraulic diameter of the honeycomb unit.
  • the distance between the static pressure point of the average differential pressure measuring part and the air outlet of the honeycomb can be greater than x.
  • a smaller ratio of the honeycomb length to the hydraulic diameter of the honeycomb unit can be used.
  • the use of a rectifier with a smaller ratio can help reduce the x/d value and reduce the measurement space.
  • the turbulence degree meets the average pressure.
  • honeycomb rectifier disc is used.
  • the component contains a plurality of straight passages through the fluid to reduce the turbulence of the measurement cross section.
  • the straight passage through the fluid is a straight passage from the inside to the outlet.
  • the length of the straight channel is at least 0.2 times to 1 time the hydraulic diameter of the straight channel, and the hydraulic diameter of the straight channel is less than 0.2 times the hydraulic diameter of the measuring channel.
  • Honeycomb rectifier discs can be used for partial measurement accuracy; the combination of multiple rectifier discs can reduce the x/d value, optimize the measurement space and optimize the test conditions.
  • the shape of the flow cross section of the honeycomb rectifier disc can be varied, which is consistent with the design of the aforementioned honeycomb rectifier, and the internal channel can also be drilled with small holes. Due to the manufacturing process, the straight channel is allowed to have a certain roughness and deformation, that is, the inner surface of the straight channel is not completely smooth cylinder. It adopts thin-walled design and adopts smaller flow channel diameter, which can also reduce rear turbulence to varying degrees.
  • honeycomb rectifier and honeycomb rectifier disc focus on reducing the turbulence in the direction of the fluid cross section, and at the same time significantly improve the static pressure consistency of the subsequent flow field, which can effectively reduce the average channel of the average differential pressure measurement component of the static pressure type
  • the inlet of the honeycomb rectifier can be selectively designed with orifice plates, grids, mesh plates and other flow equalization components to improve the uniformity of flow velocity distribution.
  • the solid materials used in the honeycomb type flow parts include solids formed by cooling, curing agents and other methods.
  • the rectification component can be combined with multiple honeycomb rectifiers or honeycomb rectifier discs to improve performance.
  • Honeycomb rectifier and honeycomb rectifier disc in In this invention it is simply referred to as the honeycomb type flow-passing part.
  • the rectifier 3 has a transverse partition 301 and a first longitudinal partition 302 inside, and a second longitudinal partition 303 runs through the rectifier.
  • One of the functions of the partition plate is to strengthen the structure, and the other is to facilitate the separation and closure of the stream.
  • the position of the cross-section of the dividing plate is generally consistent with the position of the cross-section of the following channel spacer plate.
  • the rectification component may adopt a detachable design, as shown in FIG. 16 .
  • a total of 6 rectification modules 304 are designed for the measurement channel in the figure, and 3 modules located at the upper part of the channel are shown in the figure.
  • a disassembly port is provided at the corresponding passage position, and the rectification module is extracted after the cover plate 306 is disassembled, and then reinstalled.
  • This design facilitates the inspection and cleaning of the rectifier module.
  • the cover plate 306 can be fixed by fasteners such as screws.
  • the fixing bracket for limit installation of the rectifier module may be in the form of a card slot 305 .
  • the rectifier module fixing bracket can adopt different mechanical strengths according to the fluid pressure.
  • the internal channel of the honeycomb type wetted part is small, and it is necessary to avoid dust accumulation in practical applications. Internal structure gaps, front end surface and high surface roughness are all unfavorable factors, especially the front end surface is easy to form tiny burrs and the roughness is too high because of the manufacturing relationship.
  • the internal structural gaps of the flow-passing parts include the gaps at the lap joints of the partition plates of the fluid channel unit, the lap joints at the outer walls of the tube bundles, and the like.
  • the end face and surface of the honeycomb flow-through component can be polished by various polishing processes, so that the average roughness Ra value of the front face area and the surface of the channel in the unit is less than 2um.
  • the heated sealing liquid can also be used to fill the gaps in the internal structure or cover the surface of the flow-passing part.
  • the sealing liquid is solidified after cooling, so that a hardened film is formed on the surface, and the roughness meets the requirements for use. Afterwards, further polishing treatment can be carried out to achieve the aforementioned roughness.
  • the main component of the blocking solution can be high molecular polymer such as resin.
  • the wetted parts can be degreased with organic solvents, cleaned and dried in advance.
  • the flow-passing parts can also be filled or coated with a sealing solution containing a curing agent. The sealing solution forms a hardened film on the surface after curing, and then can be further polished.
  • the main component of the blocking solution can be high molecular polymer such as resin.
  • honeycomb-type flow-passing part treated with sealing liquid can be used for the measurement of various fluids. Including water, industrial fluids. Suitable for a variety of pipe shapes.
  • a camera can be installed at the front of the flow-passing part to monitor whether the honeycomb flow-passing channel unit is blocked, and a small maintenance hole can be set on the pipe, and if necessary, larger foreign objects can be clamped or vacuum-absorbed.
  • the modular flow measurement device needs to use spacer components to further reduce the turbulence of the measurement channel and improve the measurement stability and accuracy.
  • a plurality of differential pressure measuring components of the static pressure type in FIG. 5 are arranged in a rectangular channel 5 a by using spacers, as shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the spacer part 2 uses a thin solid plate to partition the measurement sub-area.
  • the measurement sub-channel refers to a partial channel enclosed by the spacer or the wall of the measurement channel, which is used for the measurement of the measurement module.
  • the channel partition plate 2 can be made of three thin plates, and after the thin plates are slotted, they can be fixed by welding, socketing, riveting, bonding or other forms.
  • the channel partition plate and the fluid channel can be fixed by welding, socket, riveting, screw connection or other methods.
  • the gaps between the channel spacers need to be as tight as possible.
  • the main function of the channel spacer is to form a measurement sub-channel, reduce the turbulence of the stream, and improve the static pressure consistency in the local area.
  • a small number of channel spacers can be arranged so that the number of measurement sub-channels is less than the number of measurement sub-areas. Its other function is that it can be used to fix the measurement module, part of the high-pressure main pipe, and the low-pressure main pipe can be fixed on the channel partition plate in various ways to increase the strength of use. In actual engineering, a detachable design can also be adopted. As shown in FIG.
  • rectangular openings 518 are arranged around the rectangular channel, in which a plurality of installation keels 515 and a plurality of chutes 517 are arranged; part of the chutes are fixed on the keels.
  • a plurality of installation covers 519 are provided, and the installation openings can be closed with fasteners.
  • the channel partition plate in the example is designed to be split relative to the design in FIG. 5 .
  • the middle partition 516 is fixed in the passage to partially separate the flow passage, and a chute is fixed on it.
  • the above part of the channel partitions are connected by connecting studs 520, which is convenient for the removal and installation of the channel partitions.
  • the actual project can deepen the design of the connection between the plates to form more ways of channel partitioning.
  • the spacer parts cooperate with the rectification parts to obtain better turbulence reduction effect and greatly improve the measurement.
  • Figure 5 after the fluid passes through the honeycomb rectifier and is separated by the channel partition plate, due to the relative flow velocity distribution in the single measurement sub-channel Uniformity, the fluid at the outlet of the honeycomb rectifier, with the disappearance of the laminar flow shear layer, the kinetic energy of the flow stream with a higher flow rate decreases relatively little during the development process; at the same time, the channel partition plate can reduce the rear elbow, tee and other parts Disturbance of the flow stream by a resistance component.
  • the static pressure consistency will be improved, and the turbulence degree will be reduced, which is beneficial to the improvement of the measurement accuracy of the measurement module.
  • the measurement conditions of the honeycomb rectifier without the cooperation of the passage partition plate will deteriorate to varying degrees.
  • the spacer part can cooperate with the blocking part to improve the measuring range ratio of the device.
  • interval valve 21 can also be adopted.
  • FIG. 18 a design example of interval valves is shown in the figure, where a cylindrical partition plate 202 is used to separate the central circle, and six interval valves are used to separate the outer periphery.
  • the spacer valve is characterized by having a plurality of strip-shaped spacer valve units 201 , and the first column 203 and the second column 204 can be designed on both sides for fixing.
  • the interval valve is opened, the flow streams on both sides are conducted, which can reduce the number of measurement sub-channels; when the interval valve is closed, the number of measurement sub-channels can be increased.
  • the spacer valve unit 201 is designed with a spacer valve leaf 20102, a spacer gear 20103, and a spacer valve stem 20101; the spacer valve leaf can be fixed on the spacer valve stem in various ways, such as fastening, welding, or taking an integral molding process, and the spacer valve stem consistent with the axial direction of the channel.
  • the gears of multiple spacer valve units mesh with each other in the hollow second column 204 for transmission;
  • the first column 203 and the second column 204 can be designed with corresponding bearings and limit support components to limit the above-mentioned valve stem; measure
  • the channel is opened in the corresponding part, and the valve unit is operated by gears, drive shafts, motors and other components, and pneumatic actions can be used to realize automatic control or remote manual operation.
  • the average static pressure of the measurement sub-areas on both sides is close to or has a small difference, which is beneficial to the measurement of the average pressure difference measurement component.
  • the static pressure difference on both sides is close. This feature allows the interval valve to adopt a low-strength mechanical design; at the same time, the interval valve occupies a small space, which has advantages.
  • the design of the interval valve can be applied to rectangular and other shapes of fluid pipelines, and when combined with automatic control, it can realize a wide range of flow measurement and control functions.
  • the spacer valve leaf of the spacer valve can achieve more airtight performance after adopting a suitable contour design or adding sealing materials, and can be applied to a wide range of fluid measurement and control after adopting suitable material and strength design.
  • the spacer part can also adopt the design of FIG. 19 .
  • 2 spacer plate boxes 22 are fixed around the circular valve body surface in FIG.
  • the inside of the plate box is used to install the movable spacer plate 207, and the mobile spacer plate can be manually installed and fixed.
  • Spacer racks 208 are designed on both sides of the movable spacer 207, and the interior of the spacer box can be limited by fixed methods such as guide rails to limit the position of the mobile spacer.
  • the lower part of the spacer box cover is designed with a driving hole 210, which can be installed with gears and drives. Shaft, motor and other components, through the controller, the remote drive adjustment of the moving partition plate at the drive hole.
  • the cover plate 206 surface of the box body is designed with cover plate screws 209 to facilitate installation and maintenance.
  • the direction of motion of the moving spacer is perpendicular to the axis of the measuring channel.
  • the actual engineering can optimize the design of the mobile spacer, such as using a retractable mobile spacer to reduce the design size.
  • spacer parts The design of the above-mentioned channel spacers, spacer valves and spacer box are collectively referred to as spacer parts in the present invention, and the above different types of spacer parts can be used in combination in actual engineering.
  • the interval valve and the interval plate box are characterized in that they have an actuator, which can be electrically or communicatively connected with the control device and controlled by it to perform actions.
  • the definition of closing the measurement sub-region in the present invention is to set a blocking member in front or behind the relevant measurement sub-channel, so that the flow rate of the measurement sub-region is close to zero, so that it does not participate in the measurement.
  • the difference between the fluid flow of this measurement method and the fluid flow before the measurement sub-area is not closed is related to the weight of the resistance of the test device in the total pressure head of the system. Under some working conditions, the above flow difference does not affect the measurement accuracy at all.
  • the method of closing part of the measurement sub-regions can generally be realized by setting a baffle or a closed valve in front or behind the average differential pressure measurement component.
  • the component that prevents the fluid from flowing backward is called a blocking component, and its function is to form a closure of the fluid measurement space together with the measurement channel or the spacer component.
  • the baffle 307 in Fig. 16 is a fixed design, and a detachable baffle can also be provided at the front of the rectification component in engineering to realize low-cost measurement.
  • a detachable baffle can also be provided at the front of the rectification component in engineering to realize low-cost measurement.
  • three slidable and detachable baffles 307 can be used together with the rectification module 304 . After the blocking component is installed, the sampling channel between the corresponding differential pressure measurement module and the differential pressure sensor can be cut off by the action of the switching component, and then the regional differential pressure of each measurement sub-area can be measured.
  • the blocking part When the blocking part is designed with a rotating valve stem, it can be designed behind the average differential pressure measuring part to reduce its influence on the measurement accuracy.
  • the pressure difference measurement method of multiple average pressure difference measurement components can adopt a multi-sensor measurement method or a cyclic measurement method; the aforementioned branch pipe controllable pressure difference measurement method is a kind of cyclic measurement method.
  • An example of a multi-sensor measurement method is shown in Figure 22.
  • Each low-pressure main pipe and high-pressure main pipe are connected to individual sensors 6 through sampling pipes, and each sensor transmits voltage or other signals to the flow measurement circuit.
  • An example of the cycle measurement method is shown in Figure 23.
  • Each low-pressure main pipe and high-pressure main pipe share a differential pressure sensor through the sampling pipe, and the flow measurement circuit and valve island 18 pass through the differential pressure sensor and flow measurement circuit 17 in a certain period of time to measure .
  • the use of one or less differential pressure sensors in the cyclic measurement method can reduce device maintenance, calibration and manufacturing costs, and at the same time allow some differential pressure sensors to be automatically calibrated in idle time.
  • the small valve size makes the cost low and the reliability high when the loop measurement method measures on the sampling pipe.
  • the flow measurement circuit measures the regional pressure difference of each measurement sub-region, uses the regional pressure difference of each measurement sub-region and the area parameters of the measurement sub-region to participate in the calculation, and obtains the total flow; in the calculation process, the above-mentioned theoretical flow coefficient or
  • the following measurements use the function to calculate the average flow rate related variables of each measurement sub-area, and calculate the total flow by combining the parameters such as the area of each measurement sub-area; the area parameters include parameters such as actual area and area weight; the average flow rate related variables include the measurement sub-area Average velocity, flow rate and other related parameters.
  • the flow measurement circuit refers to a circuit with comprehensive functions such as signal measurement amplification circuit and flow calculation, which can be one or more parts in appearance, and can include integrated circuits and chips such as signal conversion, signal processing and calculation, and signal output.
  • the differential pressure sensor can be replaced by a differential pressure sensor transmitter.
  • the transmission circuit becomes a part of the flow measurement circuit;
  • the differential pressure sensor 6 and the valve island 18 can add a communication module, and wireless communication is used between the differential pressure sensor 6 and the flow measurement circuit. Communication connection; the flow measurement circuit in the modular flow measurement device can increase the collection of parameters such as fluid temperature and pressure, and realize various result corrections.
  • each high-pressure main pipe is connected to the high-pressure collecting pipe through a common sampling channel or through a pipe equipped with a switch valve
  • each low-pressure main pipe is connected with a low-pressure collecting pipe through a common sampling channel or through a pipe equipped with a switch valve.
  • the flow measurement circuit controls the connection or cut-off of each sampling channel through switch valve control or moving internal parts to realize pipeline switching: when one of the high-pressure main pipes and the high-pressure collection pipe are connected, the low-pressure main pipe and the low-pressure collection pipe of the same measurement sub-area are connected at the same time , Other high-pressure main pipes and high-pressure summarizing pipes are cut off, and other low-pressure main pipes and low-pressure summarizing pipes are cut off; the action time and duration of moving internal parts or switching valves are controlled by electrical components or programmed.
  • the sampling channel refers to the channel used by the differential pressure sensor for pressure sampling. Valves or moving internals can be set in the channel for cyclic measurement.
  • the sampling channel does not need to have the average function of full pressure value and low pressure value; it includes The sampling hose used.
  • the cyclic measurement method can use a single sensor, which reduces the manufacturing cost; in actual engineering, 2 or more differential pressure sensors can also be used, and a single differential pressure sensor corresponds to multiple measurement sub-areas for cyclic measurement.
  • a design has a faster measurement speed than that of a differential pressure sensor, as shown in Figure 24.
  • the switching component can have an automatic selection function, and a single differential pressure sensor can automatically switch to a measurement sub-area with the same range, so that sensors with different ranges correspond to the corresponding measurement sub-area.
  • Figure 20 is an example of circular measurement channel interval design, illustrated by this example, which includes cylindrical spacer plates 202, four radial spacer plates 211, and two spacer valves 21; the columns of the spacer valves are fixed on the cylindrical spacer plates .
  • Fig. 21 is a cross-sectional view of a plurality of average differential pressure measuring components in a circular measuring channel. The device adopts the differential pressure measuring component in FIG. 15 and the spacer component in FIG.
  • the central circle measurement sub-area and the three three measurement sub-channels below are closed, and the related 20 measurement switching valves are closed accordingly; when the two interval valves 21 are closed, the effective measurement channel is divided into three measurement sub-channels ; Controlled by 18 solenoid valves to form multiple measurement modules.
  • the aforementioned performance test has been carried out on each measurement module, and the experiment has obtained: the fitting function of the theoretical flow coefficient corresponding to each of the following 9 measurement modules;
  • the electromagnetic valve of the valve is opened, and the two interval valves 21 are opened to form a large measurement module, including 27 total pressure measurement holes.
  • This measurement module is hereinafter referred to as the 27-hole measurement module.
  • This measurement module has also obtained the theoretical flow coefficient fit function.
  • the flow measurement circuit can perform cyclic measurement when only two solenoid valves are turned on, and complete the regional pressure difference measurement of nine measurement modules.
  • the K Q value actually fluctuates with different total flow rates.
  • the flow measurement circuit can measure and calculate K Q under different total flow rates, and record the corresponding ⁇ P to form a database.
  • the ⁇ P can be established by difference or fitting.
  • the flow coefficient correction method can be applied to the flow coefficient correction of the combination of different measurement modules.
  • the flow measurement circuit can also use other methods to obtain the flow coefficient K m for measurement.
  • the flow coefficient K m for measurement when the total flow ⁇ and ⁇ of the measurement channel do not change, after obtaining V 1 and ⁇ P, change the total flow, record multiple average flow velocities V 1 and ⁇ P, and calculate K m to form a database. Then directly calculate the difference function or fitting function of the flow coefficient K m corresponding to ⁇ P. Compared with the discharge coefficient correction method, this method requires more sample data.
  • the database corresponding to ⁇ P, ⁇ , and ⁇ of K m can be obtained through the same measurement steps, and can be organized into a fitting function of K m for application. This method can be called the direct calculation method of flow coefficient.
  • the two interval valves 21 were opened for measurement, the unblocked measurement modules were merged, and the measurement was carried out. Differential pressure measurement across the duct. In actual operation, only one spacer can be opened, and part of the measurement modules can be combined to obtain the actual K m value of the combined measurement sub-areas. The above method is also applicable to the case where there is no spacer between the measurement modules.
  • the above-mentioned flow coefficient correction method and the direct calculation method of the flow coefficient are similar in that the function of measuring the flow coefficient of the larger measurement module corresponding to ⁇ P is measured and calculated. Further, the function of the average flow rate corresponding to ⁇ P can be established in actual engineering. And apply it to the calculation of the total flow; in essence, the flow coefficient can be expressed as a function of the average flow velocity, so the above methods are to obtain the function of the average flow velocity-related variables corresponding to ⁇ P.
  • S1 Under the same measurement working condition, measure and record the regional pressure difference of the measurement module and the multiple regional pressure differences corresponding to the multiple measurement modules formed after the measurement module is split.
  • S2 When the measurement working condition parameter changes, repeat the step S1.
  • the sample data of multiple regional pressure differentials corresponding to the multiple measurement modules formed after the measurement module is split participates in the calculation to establish the measurement function corresponding to the measurement module
  • the independent variable of the measurement function includes the regional pressure difference ⁇ P of the measurement module
  • the function value is the corresponding average flow rate related variable of the measurement module
  • the different measurement conditions include different total flow rates of the measurement channels, or different fluid densities , or the coefficient of kinematic viscosity is different
  • the average flow rate-related variables include parameters or variables such as average flow rate, flow rate, flow coefficient, etc., and the average flow rate-related variables and the average flow rate have a clear functional relationship, which reflects the size of the average flow rate.
  • the total flow in the present invention refers to the volume flow;.
  • the modular flow measurement method can be applied to many occasions, such as natural gas pipelines, ventilation and air conditioning systems, and various industrial fluid pipelines.
  • the advantage lies in the low increase in manufacturing costs and the obvious improvement in accuracy.
  • cyclic differential pressure measurement is used in the measurement method, although the measurement speed decreases, it can still be widely used in most fields; since the differential pressure sampling tube itself does not have fluid flow, after installing a filter component at the front end of the sampling tube, it can completely eliminate clogging Impact.
  • the typical application devices of the measurement method can be variable air volume valves, air volume hoods, etc.
  • the variable air volume valve is a device for measuring and controlling the air volume in the air-conditioning ventilation duct.
  • the traditional variable air volume valve has a single average pressure difference measurement part, and most of the variable air volume valves do not have a rectifier, which limits its wider use.
  • the variable air volume valve adopts the modular flow measurement method, its measurement accuracy and applicability are greatly improved; many applications of the variable air volume valve do not require high measurement speed, and many air ducts are in a state of slow adjustment to adapt to the load or a state of slow change with resistance , which is suitable for adjustment by means of cyclic measurement and combined measurement sub-areas.
  • variable air volume valves Most of the traditional variable air volume valves have an installation width greater than 300mm.
  • the modular design of the variable air volume valve can realize ultra-thin valve design and large-scale adjustment for large-sized valves. It can be used to replace traditional manual adjustment valves to achieve comprehensive Automate management.
  • Figure 25 is a cross-sectional view of the application of a rectangular variable air volume valve
  • Figure 27 is its air volume adjustment part.
  • the cross section of the valve body 521 is 250*200mm, and the installation width is 210mm. It is made of 0.75mm galvanized steel plate. It can also be made of other materials and Thick sheet production.
  • the valve body 521 adopts the combination of the measuring part valve body and the damper valve body, and the two parts of the valve body are fixedly connected by bolts, and other fastening methods such as clamps can also be used.
  • the valve body 521 can also adopt an integrated design, and the measuring part valve body and the damper valve body are designed as a whole. In the example, the end face of the valve body is connected with a flange and a rectangular duct
  • a plurality of average differential pressure measurement components are used, and there are 2 measurement modules in total, and the 2 measurement sub-areas correspond to their respective air volume adjustment components 9 and damper actuators 8 .
  • the rectifier can also adopt a multi-block detachable design as shown in Figure 16.
  • a channel partition plate 2 is welded in the measuring channel.
  • the sampling pipe of the 14th high-pressure main pipe 107ha is provided with a solenoid valve 10800, the sampling pipe of the 15th high-pressure main pipe 108ha is provided with a solenoid valve 10800, and the two sampling pipes are connected to the high-pressure collection pipe 10903; the sampling pipe of the 14th low-pressure main pipe 107la A solenoid valve 10800 is provided, and the sampling pipe of the 15th low-pressure main pipe 1071a is provided with a solenoid valve 10800.
  • Two sampling pipes are connected to the low-pressure collecting pipe 10904;
  • the four solenoid valves can be cycled by the controller to sample the differential pressure of the measurement sub-areas, and the controller 7 measures the average differential pressure of the two measurement sub-areas to perform calculations and drive the air volume adjustment unit to adjust the air volume.
  • one air volume adjustment component can be closed by the controller, and the corresponding measurement sub-area can be closed to increase the measurement flow rate.
  • the same air volume adjustment component and air valve actuator can also be used for the two measurement sub-areas.
  • the two measurement sub-areas are adjusted simultaneously when the actuator is in motion, thereby reducing manufacturing costs. Wherein the design of the channel partition plate 2 can be cancelled, and it is not a necessary design component.
  • Each air volume adjustment part 9 includes one active valve rod 902 and three driven valve rods 901.
  • the active valve rod and the driven valve rod are meshed and connected through gears; the gears of each air volume adjustment part are located at different heights, each through the active
  • the valve stem is driven by the actuator 7, and the two air volume adjustment parts share a damper partition plate 906 and a dustproof cover 929 in between.
  • the damper blade 905 is arranged on the valve stem, and several damper partition plates 906 are arranged in the component; the damper divider plate 906 divides the air duct into 16 modular cavities, and the installation width of the air volume adjustment component 4 is 40 mm.
  • the air valve partition plates can be welded to each other, and the welding is positioned in the air valve valve body, and 32 air valve blades are welded on the driving valve stem and the driven valve stem to form 8 valve stems with air valve blades.
  • Sliding bearings 907 are provided at the places where the active valve stem and the driven valve stem pass through the air valve body and the air valve partition plate to reduce air leakage and resistance.
  • the air valve blade 905 and the valve rod can be connected by various welding and fastening methods, and can also be processed and formed from the same piece of material; the air valve partition plate can also be installed by bonding or mechanical fastening.
  • the design of the plurality of valve rods above realizes an ultra-thin design, specifically, the ultra-thin design here means that the width of the air valve is not greater than 50m.
  • the above design adopts the design of multiple valve stems and air valve partition plates, which disperses the air flow path, which has a direct effect on the reduction of the turbulence of the upper air flow and the improvement of the uniformity of the static pressure at the measurement point.
  • the total width of the air valve blade of a single active valve stem and driven valve stem can be selected to be no more than 1/4 times the hydraulic diameter of the measurement sub-channel.
  • the total width refers to the total closing width of the valve blade in the direction perpendicular to the valve stem. .
  • the material of the air volume regulating part 9 can be metal or other materials.
  • the air valve partition plate 906 can enhance the mechanical strength of the air volume adjustment parts. Part of the air valve partition plate can be in the same position as the channel partition plate in front and contact to form a tight partition for the measurement sub-channel, as shown in Figure 25. Zoom in as shown.
  • the channel partition plate and the air valve partition plate may not be in contact with each other, and they are separated by a certain distance so that the measuring sub-channel communicates at the front of the air valve.
  • the drive of the valve stem can be in various forms, such as gear rack, synchronous belt drive and so on. After adopting the gear bar and the synchronous belt, the gear can adopt a gear with a small diameter, and the aforementioned gears need not be meshed with each other for transmission.
  • the gears in the design of the regulating unit with the active valve stem are more prone to wear, and the design of the gear bar and the timing belt is more wear-resistant.
  • the driving method of the valve stem can also be driven by other driving methods other than gears, such as connecting rod transmission, and can refer to the related design of the circular air variable valve.
  • the air volume regulating part can also be designed with a common single or multi-piece valve leaf without a damper partition plate.
  • Figure 26 is a partial cross-sectional view of an example of a circular variable air volume valve.
  • the valve body 521 is partitioned by the cylindrical partition plate 202 and six radial partition plates 211 in the fan-shaped area to form a central circle measurement sub-area and six fan-shaped measurement sub-areas. area.
  • the multiple average pressure difference components in the figure adopt the example in Figure 12, and each of the seven high-pressure sampling pipes is designed with a solenoid valve 10800, and each sampling pipe is connected to the high-pressure summarizing pipe 10903; the seven low-pressure sampling pipes use the same design, each sampling line is connected to the low pressure manifold 10904.
  • the valve body 521 also adopts the combination of the measuring part valve body and the damper valve body, and the valve body is connected to the circular air pipe for use.
  • the design of the central circle measurement sub-area can be cancelled, and it is not a necessary design component; the spacer is also not a necessary design component.
  • FIG. 29 is a cross-sectional view of the damper adjusting part illustrated in FIG. 26 , each sector has five valve stems, including an active valve stem 902 and four driven valve stems 901 . There are 8 valve stems in the central circle area, and one active valve stem passes through the hollow keel plate 912 in the fan-shaped area and is driven by the damper actuator 8 .
  • the damper actuator can be fixed on the dust cover 929 .
  • each valve stem is fixed with a corresponding air valve blade for rotation adjustment, each valve stem in the fan-shaped area is provided with an air valve blade, and is separated by an air valve partition plate 907; each valve stem in the central circle area is provided with an air valve blade The valve blades are separated by the damper partition plate 907.
  • the function of the damper partition is to enhance the structure of the valve body, further separate the airflow, and reduce the front turbulence.
  • the damper partition is not a necessary design component in the present invention and may not be designed.
  • the width and shape of the blades in the example are adjusted according to the specific size of the adjustment area, and when adjusted, they are in contact with the damper partition to form a closure.
  • Each valve rod is limited and supported by the air valve body and the hollow fixed cylinder 915 .
  • Sliding bearings, seals and other components can be designed in actual engineering Deepen the design.
  • the fixed cylinder is fixed on the air valve body by five radial keel plates 913 and hollow keel plates 912, and is aligned with the radial spacer plates to form airflow separation.
  • the active valve stem 919 drives the pinion to rotate, and drives other small bevel gears to rotate, thereby realizing the opening and closing of the air valve blades.
  • the bevel gear group is limited and fixed by the gear box 916, and the gear box is fixed by the air valve partition plate 907, and is sealed and dustproof by the gear box cover plate 917.
  • the appearance of the gear box is a regular 8-sided shape, and the outer surface is partially flat, and the corresponding part of the air valve blade is also flat to eliminate the matching gap with the air valve unit blade.
  • the gear set transmission in the central circle area can be further optimized.
  • the active valve stem is canceled, and the driving torque acts on the large bevel gear, which drives the small bevel gears to move; the stress generated by the meshing of the gears will be reduced, and the working life of the gears will be improved.
  • a corresponding drive shaft is required, driven by a motor fixed inside the valve or driven by other forms of external torque.
  • the first bevel gear 903 is fixed on the outer end of the valve rod of the air valve unit in each sector, meshes with each other, and is driven by the active valve rod.
  • the bevel gear is an involute profile bevel gear with a shaft angle of 12 degrees and a pressure angle of 20 degrees, made of POM or nylon.
  • the surface of the local valve body near the valve stem in the figure can be processed into a plane mounted sliding bearing and a bevel gear, and the dust cover 929 installed in each sector area protects the bevel gear set.
  • the part where the fixed cylinder 915 matches the blade of the air valve unit is a plane, and the blades at this position are also a plane to eliminate the fit gap. Sealing material can be added to the edge of the damper blade of the damper unit to improve the airtightness of closing.
  • the valve stem in each fan-shaped area can be equipped with the same number of bevel gears to achieve transmission, and the number of bevel gears can also be increased to reduce the size of the bevel gears.
  • Each fan-shaped area can also cancel the design of the active valve stem, and each valve stem is equipped with a pair of bevel gears, which can convert radial gear rotation into axial gear rotation, as shown in Figure 30.
  • a second bevel gear 922 is provided at the outer end of each valve stem, forming an included angle of 90 degrees with the third bevel gear 923.
  • the third bevel gear is connected to the drive shaft 921, and the drive shaft 921 drives the spur gear 924 and the curved teeth. bar meshing.
  • the curved rack is externally driven. In this design, the driving torque of the air valve unit in the fan-shaped area disperses and acts on the arc-shaped rack, which has better stress distribution characteristics.
  • the above-mentioned curved rack can be replaced by a synchronous belt for a more flexible design.
  • the above-mentioned arc-shaped rack and synchronous belt are collectively referred to as arc-shaped toothed parts.
  • the transmission part of the air valve unit in the fan-shaped area can also adopt the design of connecting rod transmission, as shown in Figure 31, in which each valve rod is fixed on the swing arm 926, and the slot in the swing arm limits the position of the sliding pin 928 , the sliding pin 928 is fixed on the rotary crank 927, and the rotary crank 927 can be driven by a motor or pneumatic components through various transmission modes.
  • the advantage of the design of the above-mentioned fan-shaped regulating valve is that it realizes perfect cooperation with the aforementioned spacer components, and can form an independent air volume adjustment for the measuring sub-channel.
  • the installation width of the valve can be greatly reduced while achieving good sealing performance.
  • An advantage is also that an ultra-thin design can be achieved.
  • the air volume adjustment part can adopt other transmission designs.
  • the transmission part in Figure 28 is designed to match the common circular damper with multiple parallel damper blades;
  • the active valve stem 902 in the figure is connected;
  • the driven valve stem on the circular air valve is connected with the driven valve stem 901 in the figure;
  • the end face of the valve stem in the figure is designed as a non-circular hole shaft connection form for continuous connection, and is fixed by screws. Key connection and other methods can also be used in the design.
  • the active valve stem 902 and the driven valve stem 901 are fixed on the corresponding gears 904 in the open gear box 91,
  • the open gear box 91 includes a base 908, a sliding bearing, a fixed seat, and a gear 904.
  • the open gear box can be fixed on the gear box base 92 through nuts 909, and the gear box base is provided with mounting studs 911.
  • the position of the open gearbox can be adjusted on the gearbox base, the positioning accuracy of the air valve stem is high, and the frictional resistance is reduced.
  • the gear box base 92 can be fixed on the valve body by bolts, and the transmission part is protected by a dust cover.
  • the open gearbox can also increase the shell and adopt a semi-closed design; the design of the gearbox enhances the interchangeability of valve manufacturing.
  • the open gear box can also refer to the design of the above-mentioned circular air volume adjustment component to adopt a gear bar and a synchronous belt for transmission; after the gear bar and the synchronous belt are used, the aforementioned gears do not need to be meshed with each other for transmission.
  • variable air volume valve belongs to a variable air volume device, and the variable air volume device can adopt any design method in the modular design; the variable air volume device can adopt A variety of average differential pressure measurement components in the modular design are used, among which the static pressure type measurement components are more suitable for ultra-thin valve bodies, and one or more static pressure type average differential pressure measurement modules can be used in the valve body; because The pressure difference measured by the non-static pressure measurement module is large, and it can be used or combined with the static pressure measurement module; the variable air volume device can use a variety of switching components in the modular design, so that its action can affect at least part of the measurement sub-area.
  • branch pipe controllable average pressure differential measurement components can be used to realize the combination of measurement sub-areas and rapid measurement adjustment; it can adopt a variety of honeycomb flow components in modular design, using One or more are arranged in front of the differential pressure measurement part; the variable air volume device can use a variety of spacer parts in the modular design to separate the measurement channel to reduce the turbulence in the measurement area on both sides; the spacer parts can have actuators, And it is opened by the control device.
  • the control device combines the relevant measurement sub-regions to measure the regional pressure difference by measuring the switching valve action and is used for the calculation of the average flow rate related variables of the measurement sub-region; Part of it can also be connected by wireless communication; the variable air volume device can adopt any design of the sampling channel in the modular design.
  • the control device can adopt any measurement control method in the modular design; multiple average differential pressure measurement components are connected to the differential pressure sensor through the sampling channel, the differential pressure sensor transmits the differential pressure signal to the control device, and the control device transmits the control signal to the air volume adjustment component , the control device calculates and drives the air volume adjustment unit to adjust the air volume through the valve body to the target air volume by measuring the regional pressure difference of each measurement sub-area, and the target air volume is within the error range of the air volume required by the air conditioning ventilation system; the control device At least one measurement sub-area can be closed by the air volume adjustment component and the spacer component, and the sampling channel between the corresponding measurement module of the above-mentioned measurement sub-area and the differential pressure sensor can be cut off by the action of the switching component, and then the regional pressure of each measurement sub-area can be measured.
  • the air volume adjustment parts corresponding to the measurement sub-channel can be closed; the variable air volume device can be added in front of or behind the measurement sub-channel in the design
  • the multi-leaf airtight air valve or flapper valve realizes the closure of the measurement sub-area when the function requires it.
  • the air volume adjustment part in the example is designed as an ordinary air volume adjustment part without airtight function, so as to have better practicability; control
  • the device can act on the measurement switching valves in multiple average pressure difference measurement components, measure and record the regional pressure difference of at least one measurement module and the multiple regional pressure differences corresponding to the multiple measurement modules formed after the measurement module is split,
  • the discharge coefficient for measurement is obtained through calculation, and is used in the calculation of the average flow velocity related variables of the measurement sub-area.
  • the air volume adjustment part closes the auxiliary measurement, its function is equivalent to the blocking part; when the flapper valve or airtight shut-off valve is designed to close the auxiliary measurement, they are the blocking parts.
  • the air valve actuator mentioned above can adopt pneumatic control components, which can specifically include the use of quarter-stroke or straight-stroke actuators and positioners. This design can realize fast control or explosion-proof control.
  • the angular stroke actuator can act on the active valve stem or the gear rack, and the linear stroke actuator can act on the gear rack.
  • the addition of pneumatic quarter-turn or linear actuators allows for faster actuation.
  • the valve stem position positioning feedback mechanism selected by the damper actuator is called a positioner.
  • the functions and forms of the differential pressure sensor transmitter, controller, and damper actuator in the example can be integrated with each other.
  • the motor and other components in the electric damper actuator and the supporting positioner can be hidden in the dustproof In the cavity, there is no need to design an external damper actuator with high protection level, and a built-in electric damper actuator and positioner are formed at this time;
  • the differential pressure sensor transmitter and the controller can be integrated into one component;
  • the design of the differential pressure sensor transmitter can be divided into a differential pressure sensor and a transmitter.
  • the differential pressure sensor and the controller are electrically connected through a transmission circuit.
  • the differential pressure sensor is a necessary component in this variable air volume device.
  • the controller in the example includes an air volume calculation circuit and a control circuit. In fact, its functions can be simplified. The controller can only send action signals to the air valve actuator and receive the differential pressure signal from the sensor. Other air volume calculations and control calculations can be performed through remote
  • the control equipment is completed through wired communication or wireless communication, and the controller controls the air valve actuator after receiving the control signal through the network.
  • the above-mentioned remote control equipment or local controllers that operate the air valve actuator through wired communication or wireless communication, or through electrical connection can be collectively referred to as control devices.
  • the control devices include air volume calculation circuits and control circuits.
  • the control devices can also include Network communication module; the control device is electrically connected with the differential pressure sensor, or wired communication connection, or wireless communication connection, and the control device is electrically connected with the damper actuator, or wired communication connection, or wireless communication connection;
  • the equipment that transmits control signals to the spacer is also a part of the control device; the control device can be one or more in appearance, and PLC can be used. SCM, computer and other control hardware.
  • the control logic and method of the control device of the variable air volume device may include all the contents of the above-mentioned modular flow measurement method. Its basic control method can be to measure the air volume by multi-sensor measurement or cyclic method. When the total air volume does not reach the set value, the valve remains fully open; when the air volume is too large, the air volume adjustment part can simultaneously adjust the opening of the measurement channel. , and different opening adjustment methods can also be used; during the measurement, the measurement sub-area with too low wind speed should be closed in a timely manner, and then adjusted; the variable air volume device using cyclic measurement can timely use the following air volume coefficient method to calculate the total flow rate The measurement speed can be accelerated by combining measurement sub-areas to calculate the total flow.
  • the control speed can be accelerated by optimizing the control logic.
  • the controller can use the air volume in the measurement sub-area with a higher average wind speed as the control target.
  • the control device counts the air volume coefficient C and related parameters, among which C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , ... C n , which correspond to different valve openings ⁇ i , L1 i , and a database can be established.
  • Manual or machine learning can be used to establish a function with ⁇ and L1 as independent variables and C as the function value through interpolation or fitting.
  • the function is used to participate in the control and speed up the adjustment.
  • the above-mentioned control method adopts the method of adjusting the air volume of the measurement sub-area and multiplying it by the air volume coefficient to adjust the total air volume, which can be called the air volume coefficient method, which is suitable for related calculation and control of the design program.
  • the wind speed in the air duct tends to have a higher average wind speed in some measurement sub-areas behind local resistance components such as elbows and tees, such as near the large radius of the elbow; when the air volume adjustment parts are adjusted synchronously with the same opening, when L1
  • the air volume coefficient C value has a certain curve characteristic with the distribution of ⁇ value, so the air volume coefficient method is accurate in practice.
  • the average differential pressure measurement component is located in the branch pipe of the air duct close to the main duct, the function of the C value is affected by the wind speed Vd of the main duct to varying degrees. At this time, the main wind speed can be obtained by counting the air volume of each branch.
  • the database of the air volume coefficient C corresponding to ⁇ i , L1 i , Vd i is established, and the ternary of C corresponding to ⁇ , L1, Vd is established by manual or machine learning. Interpolation function or ternary fitting function, thus improving control accuracy and speed.
  • the use of the above air volume coefficient method can also reduce the operating frequency of the switching components and further improve the reliability.
  • Both the above-mentioned air volume coefficient method and the method of calculating the total flow by combining measurement sub-areas can speed up the measurement.
  • the difference is that when there are spacers in the measurement channel, the air volume coefficient method can obtain better monitoring and measurement accuracy without opening the spacer. There are advantages in manufacturing costs.
  • the air volume adjustment part may not be installed in the valve body, but can be installed in the air duct through accessories; Built-in installation in the air duct.
  • the above example of the variable air volume valve is only for demonstration, and it can be changed and improved in various forms by applying the method of modularized flow measurement in practice.

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Abstract

一种模块化流量测量方法,该方法可广泛利用于空调,通风,流体测量的各个领域,设计了多个平均压差测量部件,并同蜂窝型过流部件(3)及间隔部件(2)相互配合,提高了非充分发展段流体在直管段不足情况下平均压差测量部件测量的准确度及量程比。针对圆形及扇形测量区域提出了一种不等环面法的布点方法,其对多样化的流速分布具有更高的适用性。还提出了一种模块化流量测量装置,优化了制造细节,保证了方法的实现。同时结合模块化流量测量方法,提出一种变风量装置,装置实现了不利工况下的精度提升和量程比的提高,可广泛应用。

Description

一种模块化流量测量方法,装置及其应用 技术领域
本发明涉及工业及民用流体测量领域,具体涉及一种流体流量测试,测量方法,装置及其应用。
背景技术
工业及民用管道流体测量领域中,广泛使用各种毕托管或均速管为基础开发的各种平均压差测量部件进行平均流速和流体流量的测量。测量流体类型包括空气,工业气体,工业流体等等。应用场合包括风量控制阀门,移动式风量罩、流体测量控制等等。平均压差测量部件的基本测量原理为伯努利方程,方程描述不可压缩流体流动截面的动能,势能和压力能的总和的守恒特性,流体测量中忽略势能变化后,方程描述动能和压力能之和的守恒特性。平均压差测量部件制造简单,测量快速,在流体流量测量中广泛使用。
毕托管可采用矩阵的设计形成多点平均测量,通过测量横截面平均全压及平均静压,计算平均动压,由伯努利方程得到平均流速。如US3685355A所述装置,其为全压分歧管加多个静压分歧管的设计形式。
理想的流量测量中,对未充分发展的流态较准确的方式之一是在整流器后用毕托管逐点的测量方式计算平均流速:
ρ:流体密度(kg/m3),其中ΔP1......ΔPn为各测量点的动压(Pa)
而通过平均全压及平均静压,计算平均流速的公式可归纳为:
式中ΔP1+ΔP2+.....+ΔPn可简化为测量横截面平均全压与平均静压之差。
截面流速不均匀度在一定范围的情况中,前面的第二个算式有较高的测量精度,误差主要取决于测量断面各点流速的均方根与算术平均数的偏差,该误差在本发明中简称流速分布误差。平均压差测量装置在流体紊流非充分发展段,测量横截面流速严重不均匀情况下,流速分布误差加大,同时截面流速的严重不平均给检测管的压力平均性能形成不利影响。当平均压差测量部件采用S型毕托管时,存在同样的问题。
平均压差测量部件采用的均速管外形包括方形,椭圆形等等,均速管与测量通道轴线垂直布置。均速管一般具有高压腔体和低压腔体形成一根检测管。平均压差测量部件由单根或多根均速管组合而成,采用多根时,其高压腔体之间,低压腔体之间用管道相连通。均速管高压腔体迎流面设置有多个全压测量孔,多个全压测量孔的测量实现平均高压的测量,平均高压的测量值近似等于测量横截面的平均全压;低压腔体在均速管侧面或后方设置有多个低压测量孔,当流束经过均速管时,其侧方或后方由于局部流速增强或出现大量流体旋涡,形成低压分布区,均速管采集到的平均低压值明显低于测量横截面平均静压,平均压差测量部件所测得的平均压差一般大于测量横截面处的平均动压1.5倍以上。均速管在近似充分发展的圆形流体管道中,通常采用单根测量,如采用笛形均速管,威力巴均速管;同时部分情况下采用单个的低压测量孔。
均速管类型的平均压差测量部件的计算可以归纳为
其中vm为测量通道的平均流速,K为流量系数,Δp为平均压差,ρ为流体密度。流量系数影响因素有结构系数、堵塞系数、雷诺数、流速分布等等。测量横截面流速严重不均匀对其影响相对于毕托管式的平均 压差测量部件更大。工业及民用管道流体测量领域中,大多数的测量条件为未充分发展的流态,较大的湍流度及严重的流速分布不均匀,不对称性使得平均压差测量部件的测量可行性及准确度大大降低。例如部分风量罩在测量较小风口时,横断面流速偏差太大。常常出现的测试结果是比实际值偏大,同时测量读数稳定性下降;变风量装置在前方直管段不足的情况下测量可行性,稳定性,准确度大大降低。
工业及民用管道流体测量领域中,使用条件和要求对平均压差测量部件提出了其他的挑战。部分使用工况中需要量程比较大,例如在通风空调的新风管的测量控制中,其控制及测量范围较宽;部分测量部件在流体管道中直管段严重不足,即使采用整流器后仍然存在紊流度大,测量误差大的情况;部件配套使用的整流器在使用过程中容易积尘,降低了整流器的实用性。
针对平均压差测量部件上述不足,本发明从各方面着手,提高平均压差测量部件在不利工况下的测量精度及测量范围。
发明内容
本发明要解决的问题是提高平均压差测量部件在不利工况下的测量精度,并提高其量程比。为此提出了模块化流量测量方法,其具体方案是:
将多个平均压差测量部件的检测管设置在测量通道中,用于采集多个测量子区域的各个区域压差,所述区域压差中包含多个平均压差,平均压差的高压值由多个全压测量孔在高压腔体中平均得到;
在所述多个平均压差测量部件前方,设置多个通过流体的直通道用于降低测量横截面湍流度,所述通过流体的直通道内部到出口为直通道,直通道水力直径小于0.2倍的测量通道水力直径,直通道长度大于0.2倍的直通道水力直径;
采用间隔部件对测量通道进行分隔,以减少两侧测量区域的湍流度;
通过采样通道将压差传感器和多个平均压差测量部件连接起来,测量各个测量子区域的平均压差;
运用所述各个测量子区域的区域压差及测量子区域面积参数参与计算,根据测量子区域面积参数计算得到总流量。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述测量各个测量子区域的区域压差的步骤之中,包含循环测量方式。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述多个平均压差测量部件中至少包含一个静压型平均压差测量模块;所述静压型平均压差测量模块的低压测量孔位于柱面之上,柱面的直母线平行于测量通道轴线。
作为本发明的进一步改进,在运用所述各个测量子区域的区域压差及测量子区域面积参数参与计算步骤之前,还包括:通过阻挡部件及间隔部件关闭至少一个测量子区域,通过切换部件的动作来切断相应压差测量模块与压差传感器之间的采样通道,之后测量各个测量子区域的区域压差。
作为本发明的进一步改进,在运用所述各个测量子区域的区域压差及测量子区域面积参数参与计算步骤之前,还包括:对多个平均压差测量部件中的测量切换阀进行动作,测量并记录至少一个测量模块的区域压差以及该测量模块拆分后形成的多个测量模块对应的多个区域压差,计算取得测量用流量系数,并运用于总流量计算中。
作为本发明的进一步改进,在运用所述各个测量子区域的区域压差及测量子区域面积参数参与计算步骤之前,包括,打开至少一个所述间隔部件,并打开位于该部件两侧的测量模块的测量切换阀进行测量子区域合并,对合并的测量子区域进行区域压差测量。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述多个平均压差测量部件在扇形或圆形测量区域中采用不等环面测量点布 置方法对全压测量点进行布置,特征在于,包含:S1根据测量精度确定位于区域中的圆心之外测量点的总数量及位于各个测量弧上的测量点数量,每个测量弧上的测量点数量不完全相等,S2根据半径公式确定测量弧的半径;S3将测量点均布于测量弧上。
本发明提出了针对流体测量领域的扇形及圆形测量区域测量点布置方法,其具体方案是:
S1根据测量精度确定位于区域中的圆心之外测量点的总数量及位于各个测量弧上的测量点数量,每个测量弧上的测量点数量不完全相等,S2根据半径公式确定测量弧的半径;S3将测量点均布于测量弧上。
本发明根据模块化流量测量方法,进行了流量测量装置的具体设计,其包括蜂窝型过流部件、多个平均压差测量部件、间隔部件;其用于实现上述模块化流量测量方法的任意一项方案及改进。
本发明结合模块化流量测量方法,进行了变风量装置的设计,装置包含阀体和蜂窝型过流部件、多个平均压差测量部件、风量调节部件,压差传感器,采样通道,控制装置;所述多个平均压差测量部件的检测管位于阀体内部,用于采集多个测量子区域的各个区域压差,所述区域压差中包含多个平均压差,平均压差的高压值由多个全压测量孔在高压腔体中平均得到;所述蜂窝型过流部件设置于所述多个平均压差测量部件前方,其包含多个通过流体的直通道用于降低测量横截面湍流度,所述过流通道内部到出口为直通道,直通道水力直径小于0.2倍的测量通道水力直径,直通道长度大于0.2倍的直通道水力直径;
所述多个平均压差测量部件通过采样通道与压差传感器连接,压差传感器传送压差信号至控制装置,控制装置传送控制信号至风量调节部件;所述控制装置通过测量各个测量子区域的区域压差,进行运算并驱动风量调节单元对通过阀体的风量进行调节。
作为变风量装置的进一步改进,所述变风量装置阀体内部包括间隔部件,所述间隔部件对测量通道进行分隔,以减少两侧测量区域的湍流度。
作为变风量装置的进一步改进,所述变风量装置包括切换部件,所述采样切换部件对至少部分测量子区域的区域压差进行循环测量。
作为变风量装置的进一步改进,所述多个平均压差测量部件中至少包含一个静压型平均压差测量模块;所述静压型平均压差测量模块的低压测量孔位于柱面之上,柱面的直母线平行于测量通道轴线。
作为变风量装置的进一步改进,所述控制装置通过风量调节部件及间隔部件关闭至少一个测量子区域,并通过对切换部件的动作来切断上述测量子区域相应测量模块与压差传感器之间的采样通道,之后测量各个测量子区域的区域压差。
作为变风量装置的进一步改进,所述控制装置对多个平均压差测量部件中的测量切换阀进行动作,测量并记录至少一个测量模块的区域压差以及该测量模块拆分后形成的多个测量模块对应的多个区域压差,计算取得测量用流量系数,并运用于所述运算过程中。
作为变风量装置的进一步改进,至少一个所述间隔部件具有执行机构,并由所述控制装置打开,之后所述控制装置通过测量切换阀门动作合并相关测量子区域进行区域压差测量。
附图说明
图1为矩形测量通道多个平均压差测量部件示例1
图2为毕托管形式的测量模块局部
图3为矩形测量通道多个平均压差测量部件示例1安装示例1
图4为矩形测量通道多个平均压差测量部件示例1全压测量部分侧视图
图5为矩形测量通道多个平均压差测量部件示例1安装示例2
图6为蜂窝分隔板示例
图7为圆形测量通道多个平均压差测量部件示例1
图8为单测量通道毕托管形式的测量模块局部
图9为圆形测量通道多个平均压差测量部件示例全压测量部分侧视图
图10为扇形测量区域布点示例
图11位圆形测量区域布点示例
图12为圆形测量通道多个平均压差测量部件示例2
图13为矩形测量通道多个平均压差测量部件示例2
图14为矩形测量通道多个平均压差测量部件示例3
图15为圆形测量通道多个平均压差测量部件示例3
图16为矩形测量通道可拆卸的蜂窝型整流器示例
图17为可拆卸的测量通道间隔板的示例
图18为间隔阀的设计示例
图19为间隔板匣设计示例
图20为圆形测量通道间隔设计示例
图21为圆形测量通道多个平均压差测量部件安装示例剖视图
图22为多传感器测量方式示例
图23为循环测量方式示例1
图24为循环测量方式示例2
图25为矩形变风量装置示例
图26为圆形变风量装置示例
图27为矩形变风量装置风量调节部件示例
图28为圆形变风量装置风量调节部件示例1局部
图29为圆形变风量装置风量风量调节部件示例
图30为圆形变风量装置风量调节部件示例2局部
图31为圆形变风量装置风量调节部件示例3局部
具体实施方式
本发明中,将用于测量通道流体整体平均压差测量的部件称为单个平均压差测量部件,其特征是其采集测量通道整体平均压差,包括多个全压测量孔通过高压腔体连通,用于平均高压的测量;与文丘里管不同,它不改变流体测量通道轮廓,平均低压采集流体静压或检测管周围流体绕流产生的低压分布区压力。以下所述高压腔体、低压腔体包括检测管的内部腔体及检测管的连接管道中的内部腔体;高压腔体和低压腔体相互被分隔。在本发明中,将用于测量通道中局部区域的压差测量的模块称为测量模块;测量模块包括一根或多根检测管组合,测量模块具有全压测量孔用于相应的测量子区域高压值的测量;低压值采集流体静压或检测管周围流体绕流产生的低压分布区压力。测量模块可以只有一个全压测量孔,比如采用L型毕托管。
图1中所示为静压型平均压差测量部件,第一高压总管101ha及其连接的三根高压分歧管11,第一低压总管101la及其连接的两根低压分歧管12,四根低压分歧支管13,构成了一个测量模块。图中共有7个测量 模块。图14中所示为非静压型平均压差测量部件,第7全压测量孔,第8全压测量孔,第9全压测量孔,第10全压测量孔所在的菱形均速管构成了第二检测管1rl;单根第二检测管1rl,及其连接的高压分歧管11,低压分歧管12,2个电磁阀10800,构成一个测量模块及测量子区域。图中示例在测量时最多可有9个测量模块。
测量模块具有多个全压测量孔时称为平均压差测量模块,多个全压测量孔通过高压腔体相连通。测量模块包括相应的连接管道,测量切换阀;相应的连接管道包括对应的分歧管,分歧支管,高压总管,低压总管等等。上述图l及图14中均为平均压差测量模块。
测量模块采集的低压分为分为静压及非静压两种,静压型测量模块的特征之一是低压测量孔位于柱面之上,柱面的直母线平行于测量通道轴线,准线可为直线段,直母线具有一定长度,以消除前方流线绕流的影响;其所测低压值接近于测量横截面的平均静压。非静压型测量模块采用各种均速管,S型毕托管作为检测管,测量检测管周围流体绕流产生的低压分布区压力;对于Fechheimer类型的毕托管,虽然低压值接近前方流体静压,但也是测量检测管周围流体绕流产生的低压分布区压力,也属于非静压型,其测量值易受到检测管对测量通道堵塞的影响。同理,平均压差测量模块分为静压型及非静压型。
均速管常用外形包括方形,椭圆形等等,均速管与测量通道轴线垂直布置。均速管一般具有高压腔体和低压腔体形成一根检测管。平均压差测量部件可由单根或多根均速管组合而成,采用多根时,其高压腔体之间,低压腔体之间用管道相连通。均速管高压腔体迎流面设置有多个全压测量孔,流体全压在高压腔体中平均得到平均高压,该值近似等于测量横截面的平均全压;低压腔体在均速管侧面或后方设置有多个低压测量孔,当流束经过均速管时,其侧方或后方由于局部流速增强或出现大量旋涡,形成低压分布区,均速管采集到的平均低压值明显低于测量横截面平均静压,平均压差一般大于测量横截面处的平均动压1.5倍以上。均速管的高压腔体和低压腔体制造中可分离设计,形成2根检测管。本发明中的均速管可采用其他多种的横截面形状。平均压差测量模块采用s型毕托管组合时,将s型毕托管的多个全压孔通过管道联通,将多个低压测量孔通过管道联通;通过测量高压和低压之差进行平均压差测量。采用S型毕托管组合的部件中,低压值同样为检测管后方旋涡区的低压值,平均压差一般大于测量横截面处的平均动压1.3倍以上,其检测管具体形状也有多种。
本发明中的平均压差测量部件采用模块化的设计,其具有多个测量模块,多个测量子区域,各测量模块中至少包含多个平均压差测量模块,此部件可定义为多个平均压差测量部件;测量子区域指测量通道中单个测量模块所承担的测量区域,包括检测管占据的面积,在单次的总流量测量过程中,所有测量子区域的面积之和等于测量通道的总横截面积;测量通道中多个测量子区域可以通过测量切换阀开启形成合并成为一个测量子区域,故测量通道中可只包括一个测量子区域;各个测量模块可通过测量切换阀的动作相互合并,测量通道中可只包括一个测量模块;各个测量子区域提供的压差值称为区域压差,由压差传感器得到后传送给流量测量电路进行计算;各区域压差中包含多个平均压差,平均压差的高压值由多个全压测量孔在高压腔体中平均得到,平均压差的低压值采集流体静压或检测管附近流体绕流产生的低压分布区压力;单个区域压差可只采用一个全压测量孔测量,此时区域压差不属于平均压差。
本发明中检测管是指测量通道中具有全压测量孔或低压测量孔的,用于全压值测量或低压值测量的中空管,其具有特定的截面形状。本发明中高压分歧管及低压分歧管的定义是指连接到高压总管和低压总管的支管,分歧支管的定义是指连接到分歧管的所有支管。本发明中高压总管是指用于全压测量平均的总管,其上设置有传感器压力采样口;低压总管是指用于低压测量平均的总管,其上设置有传感器压力采样口;高压汇 总管是指直接和压差传感器高压端相连的采样总道,低压汇总管是指直接和压差传感器低压端相连的采样总管。实际工程中,各部分可采用紧凑型设计,如检测管中的高压腔体,低压腔体可和总管直接相连,形式上没有高压分歧管,低压分歧管,此时检测管中的高压腔体和低压腔体相当于高压分歧管,低压分歧管;当测量通道中的检测管具有压力采样口直接和压差传感器连接时,检测管的高压腔体和低压腔体即高压总管和低压总管。
图1,图7,图12,图13,图14,图15为多个平均压差测量部件示例,运用于矩形和圆形测量通道。对于非矩形,非圆形的流体通道,可采用下述设计,制造不同形状的平均压差测量部件。
图1中多个平均压差测量部件的适用于矩形测量通道,由6个静压型平均压差测量模块组成,具有6个测量子区域组成,装置具有6对低压总管及高压总管,分别为第一高压总管101ha,第一低压总管101la,第二高压总管102hb,第二低压总管102lb,第三高压总管103ha,第三低压总管103la,第四高压总管104ha,第四低压总管104la,第五高压总管105ha,第五低压总管105la,第六高压总管106ha,第六低压总管106la。示例中低压总管采集的是测量子区域中的平均静压,单根低压总管连接2根低压分歧管12,单个低压分歧管连接2根低压分歧支管13,低压分歧支管13上采用单通道管毕托管采集静压,其上设置多个测量孔。高压总管采集的是测量子区域中的平均全压,单根高压总管连接3根高压分歧管11;单根高压分歧管布置方向与测量通道轴向垂直,采用薄壁圆管设计,其上设置多个全压测量孔,可称之为全压平均管。示例中低压分歧管位于高压分歧管的横截面后方,能有效减小对其测量影响以及减少流体阻力。
采用全压平均管时,由于静压测量值受到管前部流线停滞的影响,静压测量点需和全压测量点保持一定距离。同时由于流束随距离不断发展,轴向各点静压值有差异,需要控制静压,全压测量点之间距离,保证测量精度。
图3展示了图1示例安装在测量通道5a中,前方设计有蜂窝型整流器,检测管和测量通道的连接可采用焊接,螺纹连接,承插等等多种方式。通道中部可采用薄型,细型的材料进行结构加强,同时合理布置,尽量减小对流场的影响。各检测管之间可采用焊接和连接件相互连接增强结构强度。该制造方法及细节适用于本发明中的其他示例。本发明中前方,后方根据流体流向确定,顺着流向即为由前到后的方向。图4为图1示例的高压检测管在矩形通道中的侧视图。示例中测量通道5a被划分为6个矩形区域作为测量子区域。全压测量点在测量子区域中的布置可按照传统的小矩形划分法。测量子区域klmn被点划线1001a,1002a,1003a,1004a划分为9个测量小矩形,拥有9个全压测量点,如第6全压测量点6h在mrpq小矩形的中心,其他全压测量点如此类推。静压测量点的布置方法和全压测量点的方法相同,当采用蜂窝型整流器后,静压一致性提高,可根据静压分布的一致性和测量精度要求调整分布数量,示例中各子区域有4个静压测量点。
图7中的多个平均压差测量部件1适用于圆形测量通道,由7个静压型平均压差测量模块组成,具有1个中心圆测量子区域和6个扇形测量子区域,部件具有7对低压总管及高压总管,分别为第七高压总管101ha,第七低压总管101la,第八高压总管102hb,第八低压总管102lb,第九高压总管103ha,第九低压总管103la,第十高压总管104ha,第十低压总管104la,第十一高压总管106ha,第十一低压总管106la,第十二高压总管107ha,第十二低压总管107la,以及连接中心圆测量子区域的第十三高压总管105ha,第十三低压总管105la。图7中的示例所用检测管类型与图1中示例一致,区别在于高压分岐管11,低压分岐管12形状呈弧形,并在端头采用堵头封堵,相互之间可焊接加固结构。
图9所示为图7示例中的高压分歧管及全压测量点的侧视图。图中分界点i,j,a,b构成了1个扇形测 量子区域,它是区域内所有测量点的测量区域之和,同时也是测量模块之间的测量分界线。分界点a,b所在的圆弧构成了中心圆测量子区域。实际工程中,中心圆测量子区域可取消,不予设计。
实际设计中多个扇形测量子区域可组成一个扇形测量子区域。扇形测量区域特征是测量区城分界线由两条同圆心的圆弧形状边界、以及2条经过圆心的径向线段组成;小圆弧边界部分情况下半径可为0,此时小圆弧成为1个点,也属于扇形测量区域。示例中中心圆测量子区域的全压测量点按照等环面法布置,共选择了3个同心圆环,布置了18个测量点。
本示例对扇形测量区域的全压布置点进行优化设计,图中分界点i,j,a,b四点围成的扇形面积为1/7S,与其他5个扇形区域面积相等,S为测量通道的横截面总面积。实际工程设计中各扇形测量面积可调整,各自面积可不相同。分界点i,j,a,b四点围成的扇形测量区域设计了14个全压测量点,具有4个测量弧,测量弧分别有5,4,3,2个测量点。第1全压测量点1h,第2全压测量点2h,第3全压测量点3h,第4全压测量点4h,第5全压测量点5h共5点在其中1个测量弧上,端点为分界点s,t;5个测量点的测量区域组成了测量环域,端点为i,j,g,h;其他3个测量弧对应各自的测量环域。
14个全压测量点的测量区域相等的情况下,测量环域分界线可计算得到,g点所在圆弧,e点所在圆弧,c点所在圆弧,a点所在圆弧半径为0.833R,0.670R,0.515R,0.378R;各测量环域中的测量弧的位置可按照均分测量环域面积的方法进行布置,如图9中所示ijts环形区域和sthg环形区域具有相同面积;计算得到各个测量弧所在的半径分别为0.920R,0.756R,0.598R,0.452R,R为测量通道半径。本发明中,测量弧指测量点所在的以扇形测量区域为圆心的圆弧,圆弧以测量点的测量区域边界为端点;测量环域是所述测量弧上所有测量点的测量区域总和形成的区域。示例中将分界点s,t间的测量弧进行10等分确定5个测量点的具体位置;每个测量点之间的弧形长度相等,使得每个测量点的测量面积相等。静压型平均压差测量模块的静压测量点可采用上述相同的方法布置。示例中各扇形子区域有2个测量弧,6个静压测量点。实际工程设计中可根据静压分布的一致性和精度要求调整分布数量,可根据需要采用单个静压测量点。
扇形测量区域中测量点的总数量,测量弧数量,各个测量弧上的测量点数量可根据测量精度确定。测量弧数量,各个测量弧上的测量点数量的确定可合理划分,使得每个测量点负担的测量区域尽可能接近正方形或正三边形;如图中1h点的测量区域,由测量边界及点划线围成,接近正方形。示例中的测量弧数量及各个测量弧上的点数可根据次此原则进一步优化。
本发明中扇形测量子区域测量弧及测量环域分界线的半径计算可归纳出数学计算公式。如图10所示,该扇形测量区域共N个测量点,区域的分界线的半径分别为Rmin,Rmax,,测量弧上共布置有ni个测量点,测量弧或测量环域边界至小径之间的测量点数为n1,测量弧或测量环域边界至大径之间的测量点数为n2。推导出,测量弧的半径测量环域的测量区域的小径可为0,即区域以圆心为端点。此时测量通道中没有中心圆,工程中也可采用。
同理,对于中心圆测量区域,可认为其是一个角度为360度的扇形区域,也可按上述方法及算式划分测量点。具体地可将圆形区域划分为数个测量环域及小中心圆,对全压布置点进行布置。如图11所示,共有一个小中心圆和2个测量环域,边界线为点划线。小中心圆有1个全压测量点,位于圆心。2个测量环域分别有3,6个测量点,在各自测量弧上均匀分布,测量弧以虚线表示。计算2个测量环域的分界线Rr1Rr2测量弧R1测量弧R2圆形区域的测量弧,也可称为测量圆。
扇形或圆形测量区域的测量点布置的具体步骤可以是:S1根据测量精度确定位于区域中的圆心之外测量点的总数量及位于各个测量弧上的测量点数量,每个测量弧上的测量点数量不完全相等。S2根据半径公式确定测量弧的半径。S3将测量点均布于测量弧上。
当需要优选不同布置方案时,可计算不同布置方案的fa值,其代表所有圆心之外测量点的测量区域与正三角形或正方形的平均相似度。具体方法可以是,S1:确定每个测量点测量区域的几何中心即重心。S2:作面积等于测量区域面积的正三角形,几何中心与上述中心重合,旋转正三角形使得正三角形一个顶点位于几何中心的径向上并使得顶点靠近圆心。S3:比较测量区域与正三角形的重合的面积与测量区域面积的比值,即相似度f1。S4:作面积等于测量区域面积的正方形,几何中心与上述中心重合,并使得正方形一个边中点位于几何中心的径向上。比较测量区域与正方形的重合的面积与测量区域面积的比值,即相似度f2。S5:取f1与f2的最大值。即为f0。S5:求取每个测量点的相似度f0,计算平均值fa,其值可取算术平均值,也可采用其他类型的平均值;当某个f0低于某一最低限值时可判定其相关的平均值fa及布置方案为无效,不参与最优化比较。
相同测量点总数量条件下,可改变每个测量弧上的测量点数量,比较不同方案中平均相似度fa,找到最大值对应的最优化布置。实际运算时可将上述公式输入电脑,进行假设条件并进行人工或程序优选得到最优方案。实际工程中,当扇形测量区域四周有间隔部件时,扇形区域的各条边界,边界连接处会有位移或变形,实际测量点布置中可做近似处理。
当采用非静压型测量模块时,测量布点可和上述方法一致。该方法同常规的圆形测量区域布点方法比较,相同点在于各测量点的测量区域面积相等,不同在于该方法中各个测量弧上的测量点数量不相同或不完全相同,并可在管道中心布置测量点,该方法可称为不等环面布点法。当布点数相同或接近时,对于流体发展严重不充分,多样化的流速分布测量情况,不等环面布点法具有更广泛的适用性,而且部分条件下测量精度更高。该布置方法公式明确,适合计算机或人工计算。圆形及扇形测量区域测量点布置也可按其它布置方法如对数线性法布置。
不利工况下采用整流部件后,流速分布特征不同,此时采用不等环面布点法具有优势。实际工程中流速测量不限定于毕托管类型的探头,可采用1个或多个探头,可采用机械转动式探头,基于散热率原理的各种热球式,热线式,热膜式等等探头,涡街类的探头等等。当探头结合先进的自动定位功能时,一个探头可对一个或多个测量区域进行逐点的测量,结果进行算术平均计算,从而实现高精度低成本的测量,测量中还可采用能进行同时多点平均测量的探头。
实际工程设计中还可采用毕托管形式的静压型测量模块,图2展示了该类型示例的局部。四根毕托分歧支管16基本构造和普通的L型毕托管的检测管构造一致,前部有全压测量孔及4个静压测量孔,毕托分歧管15构造和L型毕托管的主管构造一致,为双层管结构。毕托分歧支管16的全压通道和毕托分歧管15的全压通道相通,毕托分歧支管16的静压通道和毕托分歧管15的静压通道相通,毕托分歧管下部开孔将全压导出至高压分岐管11,在毕托分歧管侧面开孔将静压导出至低压分歧管12,高压分歧管11和低压分岐管12分别连接至相应的高压总管和低压总管进行平均。由于整流器后,静压分布的一致性,上述4个静压测量孔可设计为1个;同时可对毕托管的双层结构优化,减少流动阻力。
实际工程中,静压型平均压差测量模块还可使用单通道的毕托管采集全压。图8为此类设计的局部,高压分歧管11上连接有3根高压分歧支管14,高压分歧支管采用单通道的毕托管设计。设计中可将全压测量孔的位置布置于静压测量孔位置之后,减少对静压分布的影响。同理静压测量点可只有一个测量孔。
当采用整流部件后,静压一致性提高,静压型平均压差测量模块的静压测量孔之间的压差减少,低压腔体内流体流动趋缓,部件的静压平均值测量精度提高。由于静压型测量模块的测量精度在测量点数量一定时,主要只受到流速分布误差,检测管平均性能的影响;相对于非静压型的平均压差测量模块,测量精度影响因素较少,在流速发展严重不充分的流场中可优先选用;静压型测量模块的检测管形状可采用圆管之外的其他形状;在测量中,静压型平均压差测量模块可和其他类型模块组合使用。静压型测量模块由于制造的关系,静压测量点不必严格按照上述测量布点方法布置;部分情况下可根据需要将部分或全部静压测量点相对理论布置点进行偏移,以满足测量精度为原则。静压型测量模块的各个高压分歧支管,各个低压分歧支管,各个低压分歧管之间可增加连接管道提高压力平均性能,此设计适用于非静压型测量模块。本发明中静压测量点是指单根检测管上四周的小孔所在的几何中心,即重心;精度允许时,测量孔群实际可只设计一个测量孔,提高部件的平均性能及防堵性能,此时单个测量孔的重心成为测量点的准确位置;全压测量孔的重心是全压测量点的准确位置。
实际工程中,流体在弯头,三通等局部阻力件后的流速相对平均偏差过大,导致测量过程中的流速分布误差过大。流体在局部阻力件后的流速分布往往在局部区域呈现较高的一致性,若将通道分隔为多个测量子区域后,采用测量模块进行单独的区域压差测量,单独计算测量子区域的平均流速相关变量,根据测量子区域面积参数计算得到总流量,测量精度相对于单个平均压差测量部件将明显提高;改善作用对非静压型测量模块同样明显;改善因素之一是单个的测量子区域内的流速相对平均偏差减小;改善因素之二是单个测量子区域的流速相对平均偏差减小,同时单个测量子区域内的全压测量孔,低压测量孔相对较少,导致高压腔体,低压腔体内流体流动趋缓,部件的平均压力测量精度提高。如图3中,测量通道被分为6个测量子区域后,前部设置有蜂窝型整流器,测量精度提高。划分为多个测量子区域后,单个区域中各点的雷诺数相对均匀,对非静压型平均压差测量模块而言,因结构系数波动产生的误差减小。
图12展示了圆形测量通道中采用的均速管型示例,测量部件为数根第一检测管1rt组合而成,第一检测管1rt的横截面为加长椭圆形。装置共6个扇形测量子区域和1个中心圆测量子区域,包括7根高压总管100h,7根低压总管100l,7根高压采样管10901,7根低压采样管10902。每个扇形测量子区域由数根不同方向的检测管组合而成,包括3根高压分岐管11,3根低压分歧管12,3个测量环域,靠内的测量环域包括2个全压测量孔0h,中间的测量环域包括3个全压测量孔0h,靠外的测量环域包括4个全压测量孔0h,各个全压测量孔背面对应有低压测量孔。
中心圆测量子区域包括1个中心连接块110,三组第一检测管1rt,2个测量环域,靠内的测量环域包括3个全压测量孔,靠外的测量环域包括6个全压测量孔。中心连接块110内部设计有隔板,分为高压腔体和低压腔体,将三组检测管进行连接对全压测量值及低压测量值进行平均,中心连接块连接高压采样管10901,低压采样管10902。此时中心连接块110的相当于高压总管及低压总管。
非静压型测量模块采用均速管时,均速管的结构系数可理解为当均速管置于无限大的直匀流流场中,未受到均速管干扰的区域的流速和按照均速管的高低压差进行伯努利方程计算的流速的比值,表述为K1为结构系数,vi为未受到均速管干扰的区域的流速,Pin为均速管的全压值,Pio为均速管的低压值。K1与流速相对于均速管剖面宽度计算的雷诺数Rei相关,这里的剖面宽度指均速管阻挡流体的最大宽度,剖面宽度方向与均速管内通道轴线垂直。
非静压型测量模块实际测量中,受到堵塞影响,测量模块的流量系数K可由实验或理论计算得到。本发 明中,将测量模块所在的测量子通道置于直匀流流场中,所得到的流量系数称为理论流量系数;相关表达式可以是其中K0为其理论流量系数,ΔP为测量模块所测得压差,V0为匀直流的流速,K0的影响因素包括影响雷诺数的因子:流速V0、运动粘滞系数ν。K0可通过性能实验求取计算函数。可将测量模块及测量子通道置于直匀流流场中,保持ρ及ν恒定,前方流场中除近壁面层流外的不同流线流速近似相等,根据ΔP,ρ及V0计算理论流量系数为K0;不断改变流速V0,测量并计算得到不同的K0值;记录ΔP与K0形成样本数据库,之后可通过插值或者拟合建立以ΔP为自变量,K0为函数值的函数K0=f(ΔP)应用于测量中,上述函数当测量模块实际应用中所处流场流速不均匀度在一定范围时具有较高精度。进一步地,可在不同的ρ及ν条件下进行实验,得到以ΔP,ρ及ν为自变量,K0为函数值的函数K0=f(ΔP,ρ,ν),函数可以是分段拟合函数。例如在图21中,第14电磁阀10814和第23电磁阀10823连接的三个全压测量孔的测量模块,可以采用上述方法测量整理得出其理论流量系数K0的计算函数。
上述表达式及实验方法适用于静压型测量模块,此时K0在不同的条件下都接近1;
实际工程中,测量模块可进行局部改进,使其有灵活的运用。如图13所示,图中具有54个全压测量孔0h,24个低压测量孔0l;具有高压分歧管11共9根,连接到高压总管100h;低压分歧管12共6根,连接到低压总管1001;图中使用了30个电磁球阀对分歧管进行控制,实现导通或切断。测量中各高压分歧管可以由控制装置控制和高压汇总管的导通和切断;低压分歧管相应地予以动作,从而形成测量模块。此种针对分歧管或分岐支管的控制方法,可称之为分歧管可控式;实际工程中可将电磁阀变更为手动阀,气动阀各种类型的阀门。图中将电磁阀第一电磁阀10801,第二电磁阀10802,第三电磁阀10803,第四电磁阀10804,第五电磁阀10805导通,关闭其他的电磁阀,形成一个测量模块,可由压差传感器先进行该区域压差测量。在对30个电磁阀控制的过程中可形成多种电磁阀开启组合,形成多种的测量模块和测量子区城;可由压差传感器进行循环测量。
附图14展示了菱形均速管在矩形通道中的设计示例,9根均速管通过高压分歧管11和低压分歧管12连接至高压汇总管100h和低压汇总管100l,分岐管上共设计有18个电磁阀。可对18个电磁阀形成多种开启组合,形成多种的测量模块和测量子区城。比如当第7全压测量孔,第8全压测量孔,第9全压测量孔,第10全压测量孔,第11全压测量孔,第12全压测量孔,第13全压测量孔,第14全压测量孔所在的2根均速管连接的高压分歧管上,低压分歧管上的电磁阀10800打开,其他电磁阀关闭时,形成一个包含2根均速管的测量模块。同样地,通过电磁阀的控制实现了压差的循环测量。
图15示例在图12示例基础上作了设计变更。图15中测量点数量及分布没有变化,其将外围6根高压总管合并为1根;将6根低压总管合并为1根;单个扇形区城的3个高压分岐管上各增加了1个电磁阀;单个扇形区城的3个低压分岐管上各增加了1个电磁阀;中心圆区域的测量模块的原有高压采样管上连接有第24电磁阀10824,原有低压采样管上连接有第25电磁阀10825,同时对采样管的管径加粗使其成为分歧管。通过对多个电磁阀的控制,可以实现多种不同的测量模块组合,形成更多或更少数量的测量子区域。
上述设置在分歧管上的阀门可称为测量切换阀,测量切换阀也可设置于分歧支管上,他们和后述设置在采样管上的开关阀门,阀岛等部件可被统称为切换部件。测量切换阀的动作可使得一个测量模块被拆分为多个测量模块,同时多个测量模块可被合并。测量切换阀还包括设置在总管之间的阀门,当两个测量模块各自具有高压总管,低压总管时,可通过在高压总管之间,低压总管之间设置切换阀门,当切换阀门打开时,两个测量模块合并成一个测量模块,两个测量子区域合并成一个测量子区域。分歧管可控式的设计中,由于单 个测量模块可采用少量的检测管,负担的测量孔数相对较少,减少了因为区域间压差不平衡导致的测量管内的平均性能下降。其他优点在于可和间隔部件形成良好配合,可根据需要打开,合并测量子区域进行快速的测量。
多个平均压差测量部件在未充分发展的流体状态中推荐和整流部件一起使用,整流部件用于减小后方湍流度。工程中常用的整流部件是:部件中包含多个通过流体的直通道,用于降低测量横截面湍流度,所述通过流体的直通道内部到出口为直通道,直通道长度至少为1倍及以上的直通道水力直径,直通道水力直径小于0.2倍的测量通道水力直径。通过流体的直通道可简称为过流通道单元,其过流横截面可为矩形、正六边形及其他任意形状,各过流通道单元过流横截面积可不相等,可采用多个过流管道组合而成。此种过流部件可称为蜂窝型整流器。因为制造工艺的原因,允许直通道有一定粗糙度及变形,即允许直通道内表面不完全是光滑柱面。此种整流器优点在于降低湍流度的同时,后方可获得较为一致的静压分布。蜂窝型整流器可在蜂窝单元壁上可开凿小孔,形成开孔壁,实验证明开孔壁对减小测量点的湍流度有不同程度的作用。图5中整流部件2采用不锈钢薄板制作,蜂窝壁32壁厚0.1mm,蜂窝单元5mm*5mm正方形,单个过流通道单元31长度25mm。本示例中蜂窝单元壁厚薄,可称为薄壁蜂窝型整流器。薄壁蜂窝整流器的特征是单元壁厚薄,净流通面积与通道总面积的比值较大,优选的比值大于0.88。蜂窝型整流器采用薄壁设计有助于减少后方湍流度。
在工程中优选的过流通道单元水力直径基于测量流速的雷诺数小于层流的临界雷诺数2000,流体在蜂窝单元内雷诺数大幅降低,流体的横截面方向速度分量得到大幅约束,横向湍流度大幅减弱。
流体在蜂窝型整流器出口空间点的轴向平均速度沿横截面方向波动,轴向平均速度以蜂窝单元直径为周期震荡,分布不均匀性不满足测量要求。随着层流剪切层的消失以及空间点和蜂窝出口距离的增加,分布不均匀性减弱直至满足测量精度要求。整流器出口和测量点之间的有效的,即可保证一定流速测量精度的距离可用x/d表示。x为整流器出口面至测量点之间的距离,d为蜂窝单元的水力直径。平均压差测量部件的静压点和蜂窝出风口之间的距离可大于x。工程应用中可采用较小的蜂窝长度与蜂窝单元水力直径的比值,实践证明部分情况下采用较小比值的整流器有助于减小x/d值,缩小测量空间,同时紊流度满足平均压差测量部件的测量精度要求。
可在蜂窝型整流器设计基础上变化,采用蜂窝型整流盘,部件中包含多个通过流体的直通道,用于降低测量横截面湍流度,所述通过流体的直通道内部到出口为直通道,直通道长度至少为0.2倍至1倍的直通道水力直径,直通道水力直径小于0.2倍的测量通道水力直径。部分测量精度下可使用蜂窝型整流盘;使用多个整流盘的组合可降低x/d值,优化测量空间优化测试条件。蜂窝型整流盘的过流横截面的形状可为多种,和前述蜂窝型整流器的设计一致,同时其内部通道也可开凿小孔。因为制造工艺的原因,允许直通道有一定粗糙度及变形,即允许直通道内表面不完全是光滑柱面。其采用薄壁设计及采用较小过流通道直径同样能不同程度上减小后方湍流度。
蜂窝型整流器及蜂窝型整流盘侧重于减小流体横截面方向的湍流度,同时明显提高其后的流场的静压一致性,能有效减少采集静压类型的平均压差测量部件的平均通道内堵塞可能性及堵塞影响;同时由于湍流度降低,静压及非静压型的测量部件测量结果稳定,对结果的修正创造了条件。蜂窝型整流器入口可选择性设计孔板,格栅,网板等均流部件以改善流速分布均匀度。蜂窝型过流部件采用的固体材料包括通过冷却,固化剂等方法形成的固体。
整流部件可采用多个蜂窝型整流器或蜂窝型整流盘组合使用提高性能。蜂窝型整流器和蜂窝型整流盘在 此发明中简称为蜂窝型过流部件。
蜂窝型过流部件可增加蜂窝分隔板设计,以增加使用便利性。如附图6所示,整流器3内部具有横向分隔板301及第一纵向分隔板302,第二纵向分隔板303贯穿整流器。分隔板作用之一是结构加强,作用之二是便于流束分隔和封闭。分隔板的横截面的位置一般和后面的通道间隔板在横截面的位置一致。
进一步地,整流部件可以采用可拆卸的设计,如图16所示。图中测量通道共设计6个整流模块304,图中展示了位于通道上部的3个模块。示例中在相应的通道位置上开有拆卸口,整流模块在拆卸盖板306后抽取,之后可以重新安装。此设计方便了整流模块的检查和清洗。盖板306可采用螺丝等紧固件固定。
整流模块进行限位安装的固定支架可采取卡槽305的形式。实际工程中,需要尽量减小固定支架的横截面积,以减小对后方流线的影响。整流模块固定支架可根据流体压力采取不同的机械强度。
蜂窝型过流部件内部通道较小,实际应用中需要避免积尘。内部结构缝隙、前端面及表面粗糙度偏高都是不利因素,特别是前端面因为制造的关系,容易形成微小毛刺,粗糙度过高。过流部件内部结构缝隙包括流体通道单元间隔板搭接处的缝隙、管束外壁搭接处缝隙等等。蜂窝型过流部件可采用各种抛光工艺对端面和表面进行抛光,使得前端面区域和单元内通道表面平均粗糙度Ra值小于2um。
过流部件还可采用加热后的封闭液对内部结构缝隙进行填充或表面覆膜,封闭液冷却后固化,使得表面形成硬化膜,粗糙度达到使用要求。之后可进一步进行抛光处理,达到前述的粗糙度。封闭液主要成分可采用树脂等高分子聚合物。过流部件预先可经过有机溶剂脱脂、清洗后干燥。过流部件还可采用含有固化剂的封闭液对其进行填充或覆膜,封闭液在固化后表面形成硬化膜,之后可进一步进行抛光处理。封闭液的主要成分可采用树脂等高分子聚合物。之后可进一步进行抛光处理,达到前述的粗糙度。此种采用封闭液处理的蜂窝型过流部件可用于各种流体的测量。包括水,工业流体。适用于多种管道形状。
过流部件前端可设置摄像头,监控蜂窝过流通道单元是否有堵塞,管道之上可设置小的维修孔,必要时对较大异物进行夹取或真空吸取。
模块化流量测量装置在部分工况下需要采用间隔部件进一步减少测量通道的湍流度,提高测量稳定性及精度。图5的静压型多个压差测量部件采用间隔部件布置在矩形通道5a中,如图5所示。其中间隔部件2采用薄型固体板将测量子区域隔断。形成独立的6个测量子通道。本发明中测量子通道指间隔部件或测量通道壁面围成的局部通道,用于测量模块的测量。
示例中通道间隔板2可由3块薄板制造,薄板开槽后,可采用相互焊接,承插,铆接,粘接或其他形式固定。通道间隔板与流体通道的固定可采用焊接,承插,铆接,螺纹连接或其他方法。通道间隔板之间缝隙需要尽可能密封。
通道间隔板的主要作用是形成测量子通道,减小流束湍流度,提高局部区域的静压一致性。通道间隔板可少量布置,使得测量子通道数量少于测量子区域的数量。其另外的作用是可用于固定测量模块,部分高压总管,低压总管可以通过各种方式固定在通道间隔板上,增加使用强度。实际工程中也可采用可拆卸的设计,如图17所示,矩形通道四周设置矩形开口518,其中设置有多根安装龙骨515,多根滑槽517;部分滑槽固定于龙骨之上。第一通道间隔板501,第二通道间隔板502,第三通道间隔板503,第四通道间隔板504,第五通道间隔板505,第六通道间隔板506,第七通道间隔板505,第八通道间隔板508,第九通道间隔板509,第十通道间隔板510,第十一通道间隔板511,第12通道间隔板512,第十三通道间隔板513,第十四通道间隔板514均可以拆除后进行重新安装。示例中设置有多个安装盖板519,可对安装开口采用紧固件进行封闭。
示例中为了穿越通道中的检测管,示例中通道间隔板相对于图5中的设计进行了拆分设计。同时,中间隔板516固定于通道中对流道进行了局部的分隔,其上固定有滑槽。以上部分通道间隔板之间采用了续接螺柱520连接,便于通道间隔板的拆除及安装。实际工程可对板间连接深化设计,形成更多种的通道隔断方式。
圆形测量通道中也可以进行同样的通道间隔板设计。
间隔部件配合整流部件可获得更好的湍流度减小作用,对测量有较大改善,在图5中,流体经过蜂窝型整流器后被通道间隔板隔断后,由于单个测量子通道中流速分布相对均匀,流体在蜂窝型整流器出口,随着层流剪切层的消失,较高流速的流束在发展的过程中动能减少相对较小;同时通道间隔板能减少后方弯头,三通等局部阻力部件对流束的扰动。在相同的全压测量点附近,相对于没有间隔部件的情况下,静压一致性会提高,湍流度减小,对测量模块测量精度提高有利。在大管径,直通道很短的测量场所,如空调通风领域,蜂窝型整流器没有通道间隔板的配合下测量条件将不同程度地恶化。同时,间隔部件可与阻挡部件一起配合提高装置的测量量程比。
实际工程中也可采用间隔阀21的形式。如图18所示,图中展示了间隔阀的设计示例,在中心圆的位置采用圆筒分隔板202分隔,在外围采用6个间隔阀进行分隔。间隔阀特征在于具有多个长条形的间隔阀单元201,两侧可设计用于固定的第一立柱203及第二立柱204。间隔阀在打开时,对两侧流束导通,可减少测量子通道数量;间隔阀关闭时,可增加测量子通道数量。间隔阀单元201设计有间隔阀叶20102,间隔齿轮20103,间隔阀杆20101;间隔阀叶可采用多种方式固定在间隔阀杆上,如紧固、焊接、或采取一体成型工艺,间隔阀杆和通道轴向方向一致。示例中多个间隔阀单元的齿轮在中空的第二立柱204中相互啮合进行传动;第一立柱203,第二立柱204可设计相应的轴承及限位支撑部件对上述阀杆进行限位;测量通道在相应的部位开孔,采用齿轮,驱动轴,电机等部件对阀门单元进行动作,并可采用气动动作,从而实现自控控制或远程手动操作。
蜂窝型整流器后的间隔阀在打开时,两侧的测量子区域的平均静压接近或者相差较小,有利于平均压差测量部件的测量。间隔阀关闭后两侧的静压差接近,此特征使得间隔阀可采用低强度的机械设计;同时间隔阀占用空间小,具有优势。
间隔阀的设计可应用于矩形及其他形状的流体管道,当配合自动控制后可实现广泛的流量测量及控制功能。间隔阀的间隔阀叶采用合适的轮廓设计或增加密封材料后可达到更密闭的性能,采用合适的材料及强度设计后可以适用于广泛的流体测量控制。
间隔部件还可采用图19的设计。图19中的圆形阀体表面四周固定有2个间隔板匣22,间隔板匣22包括匣体205,匣体盖板206,盖板螺丝209,移动间隔板207。板匣内部用于安装移动间隔板207,移动间隔板可手动安装固定。移动间隔板207两边设计了间隔板齿条208,间隔板匣内部可采用导轨等固定方式对移动间隔板进行限位,同时间隔板匣盖板下部设计了驱动小孔210,可安装齿轮,驱动轴,电机等部件,通过控制器对移动分隔板在驱动小孔处进行远程的驱动调节。匣体盖板206表面设计有盖板螺丝209便于安装和检修。移动间隔板的运动方向垂直于测量通道轴线。实际工程中可在此基础上对移动间隔板进行优化设计,比如采用可伸缩的移动间隔板减小设计尺寸。
上述通道间隔板,间隔阀,间隔板匣的设计在本发明中统称为间隔部件,实际工程中以上不同种类的间隔部件可组合使用。间隔阀,间隔板匣的特征是其具有执行机构,可和控制装置进行电气或通信连接并被其控制进行动作。
模块化测量中在部分工况下,需要对部分低速的测量子区域进行关闭,提高相邻区域的测量流速进行测 量。该测量方式在采用整流部件的测量中,变得可行。实际的流体管道中,在弯头,三通等局部阻力部件后,局部流体区域的静压较小,对部分低速的测量子区域关闭并不引起明显的压力损失,相反地,可以利用局部流体区域的较高流速的优势。本发明中对测量子区域的关闭定义是,在相关的测量子通道的前方或后方设置阻挡部件,使得测量子区域的流量接近零,使其不参与测量。该测量方法的流体流量相对于测量子区域未关闭前的状态下的流体流量的差异和测试装置阻力占系统总压头的权重相关,部分工况下上述流量差异完全不影响测量精度。对部分测量子区域进行关闭的方法一般可以在平均压差测量部件的前方或后方,设置挡板或关闭的阀门实现。本发明将阻挡流体向后流动的部件称为阻挡部件,其作用在于和测量通道或间隔部件共同形成对流体测量空间的关闭。
图16中的挡板307为固定式的设计,工程中还可在整流部件前部设置可拆卸的挡板,实现低成本的测量。图16中,三块可滑动拆卸的挡板307可以和整流模块304配套使用。阻挡部件安装后,可通过切换部件的动作来切断相应压差测量模块与压差传感器之间的采样通道,之后测量各个测量子区域的区域压差。
阻挡部件采取带旋转的阀杆设计时,可设计在平均压差测量部件后方,以减少其对测量精度的影响。
多个平均压差测量部件的压差测量方式可采用多传感器测量方式或循环测量方式;前述的分歧管可控式的压差测量方式属于循环测量方式的一种。多传感器测量方式的示例如图22,各低压总管和高压总管通过采样管和单独的传感器6相连接,各个传感器传送电压或其他信号至流量测量电路。循环测量方式的示例如图23,各低压总管和高压总管通过采样管共用一个压差传感器,在一定的时间周期内通过流量测量电路及阀岛18轮流经过压差传感器和流量测量电路17进行测量。由于精度高的压差传感器制造成本较高,循环测量方式采用一个或较少的压差传感器可减少器件的维修,校验及制造成本,同时可使得部分压差传感器在空闲时间进行自动校准。循环测量方式在采样管上测量时,很小的阀门尺寸使得成本低,可靠性高。
流量测量电路对各测量子区域的区域压差进行测量,运用所述各个测量子区域的区域压差及测量子区域面积参数参与计算,并得到总流量;计算过程中可根据上述理论流量系数或下述的测量用函数计算各个测量子区域的平均流速相关变量,结合各测量子区域面积等参数计算得到总流量;面积参数包括实际面积,面积权重等参数;平均流速相关变量包括测量子区域的平均流速,流量等相关参数。本发明中流量测量电路指含有信号测量放大电路,流量运算等综合功能的电路,外形上可为一部分或多部分,可包含信号转换,信号处理与运算,信号输出等集成电路,芯片。本发明中压差传感器可由压差传感变送器替代,此时变送电路成为流量测量电路的一部分;同时压差传感器6,阀岛18可增加通讯模块,与流量测量电路之间采用无线通信连接;模块化流量测量装置中的流量测量电路可增加对流体温度,压力等参数的采集,实现多方面的结果修正。
上述负责高低压采样管路切换的阀岛18,也可采用其他的采样控制部件,统称为采样切换部件;如图25所示的变风量装置,其中有4个电磁阀10800安装在采样管道上,同样属于采样切换部件。设计思路在于各高压总管通过连接共用采样通道的方式或通过装有开关阀门的管道与高压汇总管连通,各低压总管通过共用采样通道的方式或通过装有开关阀门的管道与低压汇总管连通,采样通道内设有可控活塞,可控隔膜或可控阀芯等运动内件;开关阀门或运动内件通过流量测量电路由电磁线圈,可控压缩空气,可控有压液体等等驱动;流量测量电路通过开关阀门控制或运动内件控制各采样通道的连通或切断,实现管路切换:当其中一路高压总管和高压汇总管连通时,同一测量子区域的低压总管和低压汇总管同时连通,其他各路高压总管和高压汇总管切断,其他各路低压总管和低压汇总管切断;由电气元件控制或编程控制运动内件或开关阀门动作时间及持续时间。采样通道在本发明中指压差传感器用于压力采样的通道,通道中可设置阀门或运动内件用于循环测量,采样通道不需要具有全压值,低压值的平均功能;其包括工程中经常采用的采样软管。
循环测量方式可采用单个传感器,减少了制造成本;实际工程中,还可采用2个或2个以上的压差传感器,单个压差传感器对应多个测量子区域进行循环测量。这样的设计相对于1个压差传感器的方式具有更快的测量速度,如图24所示。当循环测量方式采用2个或2个以上的压差传感器时,可采用不同的量程以适应不同的流速范围。进一步地,切换部件可具有自动选择功能,单个压差传感器可自动切换至量程一致的测量子区域,使不同量程的传感器对应相应的测量子区域。
模块化流量测量装置采用循环测量方式时,可合并测量子区域,可取得并采用测量用流量系数加快测量速度,同时保证一定测量精度。图20为圆形测量通道间隔设计示例,以此示例说明,其中包括圆筒间隔板202,4个径向间隔板211,两个间隔阀21;间隔阀的立柱固定于圆筒分隔板上。图21为圆形测量通道多个平均压差测量部件安装示例剖视图,该装置采用图15中的压差测量部件,采用图20中的间隔部件,两块挡板307设置在蜂窝型整流器前方对中心圆测量子区域和下方3个三个测量子通道进行了关闭,相关的20个测量切换阀相应地关闭;当2个间隔阀21关闭时,有效的测量通道被分隔为3个测量子通道;由18个电磁阀控制形成多个测量模块。假设以下获得测量用流量系数的过程之前,已经对各个测量模块进行了前述的性能测试,实验已得出:下述9个测量模块各自对应的理论流量系数的拟合函数;测量前还将所有的电磁阀打开,将两个间隔阀21打开,形成的1个大的测量模块,包括27个全压测量孔,该测量模块以下简称27孔测量模块,该测量模块也已经获得理论流量系数的拟合函数。
获得测量用流量系数的过程中,可在测量通道的总流量不发生变化时进行,同时不改变ρ及ν。流量测量电路可在仅仅开启2个电磁阀的状态下进行循环测量,完成9个测量模块的区域压差测量,依次打开第6电磁阀10806,第15电磁阀10815;打开第7电磁阀10807,第16电磁阀10816;打开第8电磁阀10808,第17电磁阀10817;打开第9电磁阀10809,第18电磁阀10818;打开第10电磁阀10810,第19电磁阀10819;打开第11电磁阀10811,第20电磁阀10820;打开第12电磁阀10812,第21电磁阀10821;打开第13电磁阀10831,第22电磁阀10822;打开第14电磁阀10814,第23电磁阀10823;流量测量电路根据各个区域压差值及各自的的理论流量系数函数,计算得到各个测量模块的平均流速,按权重平均得到测量通道的平均流速V1;之后将相关的所有的电磁阀打开,将两个间隔阀21打开,形成27孔测量模块,测量其区域压差得到ΔP,根据其理论流量系数函数得到理论流量系数,进一步计算得到平均流速V2;计算V1/V2得到对应ΔP的流量系数修正系数KQ。KQ值实际上随不同的总流量波动,流量测量电路可进行测量并计算不同总流量下的KQ,并记录对应的ΔP,形成数据库,并可通过差值或拟合建立以ΔP为自变量,KQ为函数值的函数KQ=f(ΔP)。该函数可应用于实际中的27孔测量模块的流量测试中,只需要测量ΔP值,通过函数计算KQK0,从而计算得到总流量。此种方法可称为流量系数修正法,在理论流量系数K0基础上乘以KQ进行修正获得测量用流量系数,可表示为Km=KQK0=f(ΔP)·K0,方法可应用于流体快速测量及控制。进一步地,如果ρ及ν有较大波动,可通过相同的测量步骤得到KQ对应ΔP,ρ及ν的数据库,并整理为KQ的拟合函数得以应用,函数可以是分段拟合函数。流量系数修正法可应用于不同的测量模块的组合的流量系数修正中。
流量测量电路还可以采用其他方式得到测量用流量系数Km。如上所述,测量通道的总流量ρ及ν不发生变化情况下,在得到及V1及ΔP后,改变总流量,记录多个平均流速V1及ΔP,并计算Km形成数据库。之后直接计算流量系数Km对应ΔP的差值函数或拟合函数。此方法相对于流量系数修正法,要求的样本数据更多。进一步地,如果ρ及ν有较大波动,可通过相同的测量步骤得到Km对应ΔP,ρ及ν的数据库,并整理为Km的拟合函数得以应用。该方法可称为流量系数直接计算法。
在上述操作过程中,两个间隔阀21打开进行测量,将未被阻挡的测量模块进行了合并,进行了测量通 道整体的压差测量。实际操作中可只打开一个间隔部件,将部分的测量模块进行合并,获得所合并的测量子区域的实际Km值。上述方法还适用于测量模块间没有间隔部件的情况。
上述流量系数修正法及流量系数直接计算法的相同之处在于测量并计算出了较大测量模块的测量用流量系数对应ΔP的函数,进一步地,实际工程中可建立平均流速对应ΔP的函数,并将其应用于总流量计算中;本质上地,流量系数可表达为平均流速的一个函数式,所以上述方式均是求取平均流速相关变量对应ΔP的函数。上述过程可归纳为:S1:在相同测量工况下,测量并记录该测量模块的区域压差以及该测量模块拆分后形成的多个测量模块对应的多个区域压差。S2:测量工况参数改变时,重复S1步骤。S3:运用S1,S2步骤中该测量模块的区域压差,该测量模块拆分后形成的多个测量模块对应的多个区域压差的样本数据参与计算建立该测量模块所对应的测量用函数,该测量用函数的自变量包括该测量模块的区域压差ΔP,函数值为该测量模块的对应的平均流速相关变量;所述不同测量工况包括测量通道的总流量不同,或流体密度不同,或运动粘滞系数不同;所述平均流速相关变量包括平均流速,流量,流量系数等参数或变量,平均流速相关变量和平均流速具有明确的函数关系,其反映了平均流速的大小。本发明中的总流量指体积流量;。
可在单一的测量工况下进行,求取平均流速相关变量对应区域压差的系数。可用于精度要求不高的应用。
模块化流量测量方法可应用于多种场合,如天然气管道,通风空调系统,各种工业流体管道,优势在于低制造成本增加同时带来明显的精度改善。测量方式中采用循环压差测量时,虽然测量速度下降,但是对于大部分领域仍可广泛应用;压差采样管由于本身不存在流体的流动,在采样管前端设置过滤部件后,可彻底杜绝堵塞的影响。
模块化测量测量方法典型应用装置可以是变风量阀,风量罩等。变风量阀是空调通风管道中测量控制风量的设备,传统的变风量阀具有单个平均压差测量部件,而且大部分变风量阀没有整流器,限制了其更广泛的使用。当变风量阀采用模块化流量测量方法后,其测量精度,适用性大大提高;变风量阀很多应用场合对测量速度要求不高,很多风管属于适应负荷的慢调节状态或者随阻力缓慢变化状态,适合采用循环测量及合并测量子区域的方式调节。传统的变风量阀大部分安装宽度大于300mm,模块化设计的变风量阀可对大尺寸阀门实现超薄的阀门设计并实现大量程比的调节,可用于替代传统的手动调节阀,实现全面的自动化管理。
图25为矩形变风量阀的应用的剖视图,图27为它的风量调节部件,阀体521的横截面250*200mm,安装宽度210mm,采用0.75mm的镀锌钢板,其也可采用其他材质及厚度的薄板制作。本实施例中阀体521采用测量部分阀体和风阀阀体组合的方式,两部分阀体采用螺栓固定连接,也可采用卡箍等等其它紧固方式。阀体521也可以采用一体化的设计,将测量部分阀体和风阀阀体设计为一个整体。实例中,阀体端面利用法兰和矩形风管连接
示例中采用多个平均压差测量部件,其共有2个测量模块,2个测量子区域对应有各自的风量调节部件9,风阀执行器8。测量部件前部设有蜂窝型整流器,过流通道单元为5mm*5mm,长度为15mm,整流器还可采用如图16所示的多块可拆卸设计。测量通道内焊接有通道间隔板2。第14高压总管107ha的采样管上设置有电磁阀10800,第15高压总管108ha的采样管上设置有电磁阀10800,2根采样管连接至高压汇总管10903;第14低压总管107la的采样管上设置有电磁阀10800,第15低压总管107la的采样管上设置有电磁阀10800,2根采样管连接至低压汇总管10904;高压汇总管和低压汇总管连接至压差传感变送器7。4个电磁阀可由控制器控制循环对测量子区域压差进行采样,控制器7通过测量2个测量子区域平均压差,进行运算并驱动风量调节单元及进行风量调节。示例可通过控制器关闭1个风量调节部件,将对应的测量子区域进行关闭,提高测量流速。实际工程中还可对两个测量子区域采用同一个风量调节部件及风阀执行器,风阀执 行器动作时同时对两个测量子区域进行调节,从而减少制造成本。其中通道间隔板2可取消设计,不是必要的设计组件。
每个风量调节部件9包括1根主动阀杆902和3根从动阀杆901,主动阀杆和从动阀杆通过齿轮相互啮合连接;每个风量调节部件的齿轮位于不同高度,各自通过主动阀杆由执行器7进行驱动,两个风量调节部件中间共用一个风阀分隔板906,共用防尘罩929。
阀杆上设置有风阀叶片905,部件内设置有若干风阀分隔板906;风阀分隔板906将风道分割成16个模块化腔体,风量调节部件4的安装宽度为40mm。风阀分隔板可相互焊接,焊接定位于风阀阀体内,32个风阀叶片焊接于主动阀杆和从动阀杆之上,形成8个带风阀叶片的阀杆。主动阀杆和从动阀杆穿过风阀阀体和风阀分隔板处均设有滑动轴承907,减少漏风及阻力。风阀叶片905和阀杆的连接可采用各种焊接及紧固方式,也可采用同块材料加工成型;风阀分隔板也可采用粘接或机械紧固方式安装。
上述多个阀杆的设计实现了超薄设计,具体地,这里所述超薄设计是指风阀宽度不大于50m。上述设计采用多个阀杆及风阀分隔板的设计,分散了空气流道,对上方气流的湍流度的减小,测量点静压均匀度的提高有直接作用。空间有限时可选择单个主动阀杆和从动阀杆的风阀叶片总宽度不大于1/4倍的测量子通道水力直径,总宽度指与阀杆垂直的方向上阀叶承担的关闭总宽度。风量调节部件9的材料可采用金属或其他材料。当阀杆数量增加,阀杆直径减小,风阀叶片采用轻型设计时,可有效减小风阀转动惯性力矩。
风阀分隔板906可增强风量调节部件的机械强度,风阀分隔板的部分板片可和前方的通道间隔板位置一致并接触,形成测量子通道的严密的隔断,如图25中局部放大图所示。通道间隔板和风阀分隔板也可不接触,相隔一定距离使得测量子通道在风阀前部相通。
实际的工程设计中,阀杆的驱动可采用多种形式,比如采用齿轮条,同步带传动等等。采用齿轮条和同步带后,齿轮可采用小直径的齿轮,前述的齿轮之间不必相互啮合传动。具有主动阀杆的调节单元设计中齿轮较易磨损,齿轮条及同步带的设计更具有耐磨损性能。实际的工程设计中,阀杆的驱动方式也可采用齿轮之外的其他的驱动方式,如连杆传动,可参考圆形变风阀的相关设计。风量调节部件也可采用普通的不带风阀分隔板的单片或多片阀叶设计。
如图26为圆形变风量阀示例的局部剖视图,阀体521由圆筒间隔板202及扇形区域内的6块径向间隔板211进行隔断,构成中心圆测量子区域和6个扇形测量子区域。图中的多个平均压差部件采用图12中的示例,7根高压采样管上每根管上设计有电磁阀10800,各采样管连接至高压汇总管10903;7根低压采样管采用同样的设计,各采样管连接至低压汇总管10904。阀体521同样采用测量部分阀体和风阀阀体组合的方式,阀体和圆形风管连接使用。中心圆测量子区域可取消设计,非必要设计部件;间隔板也不是必要的设计部件。
图29为图26示例的风阀调节部件的剖视图,每个扇形区域具有5个阀杆,包括主动阀杆902,4个从动阀杆901。中心圆区域具有8根阀杆,其中1根主动阀杆穿过扇形区域的中空龙骨板912,被风阀执行器8驱动。风阀执行器可固定于防尘罩929上。
每个阀杆上固定有相应的风阀叶片进行旋转调节,扇形区域每根阀杆上设置有风阀叶片,并被风阀分隔板907分隔;中心圆区域每根阀杆上设置有风阀叶片,并被风阀分隔板907分隔。风阀分隔板的作用在于增强阀体结构,以及对气流形成进一步分隔,减小前方湍流度,但风阀分隔板在本发明中不是必要的设计组件,可不予设计。示例中的的叶片宽度形状根据所在调节区域的具体尺寸进行调整,调节时和风阀分隔板接触形成关闭。各阀杆被风阀阀体,中空的固定圆筒915限位并支承。实际工程中可设计滑动轴承,密封件等部件 深化设计。固定圆筒由5个径向龙骨板913和中空龙骨板912固定于风阀阀体之上,同时和径向间隔板对齐,构成气流分隔。
中心圆区域中的8个阀杆连接的8个小锥齿轮914和位于中心的大锥齿轮918啮合。主动阀杆919驱动小齿轮旋转,带动其他小锥齿轮旋转,从而实现风阀叶片的打开及关闭。锥齿轮组由齿轮盒916限位及固定,齿轮盒由风阀分隔板907进行固定,并由齿轮盒盖板917进行封闭防尘。齿轮盒外观为正8边型,外表面局部为平面,风阀叶片相应的部分也为平面以消除和风阀单元叶片的配合间隙。
中心圆区域的齿轮组传动可进一步优化。比如取消主动阀杆,将驱动力矩作用于锥形大齿轮上,由大齿轮带动各小锥齿轮运动;将减少齿轮啮合产生的应力,齿轮的工作寿命提高。采用此设计时,需要采用相应驱动轴,并由固定于阀门内部的电机驱动或者由其他形式的外部力矩驱动。
每个扇形区域的风阀单元的阀杆外端固定第一锥齿轮903,相互啮合,并由主动阀杆进行传动。锥齿轮采用轴夹角为12度,压力角20度的渐开线齿廓锥齿轮,由POM或尼龙材质制作。
图中阀杆附近的局部阀体表面可加工为平面安装滑动轴承及锥齿轮,每个扇形区域的安装防尘罩929对锥齿轮组进行防护。在扇形区域风阀设计中,固定圆筒915与风阀单元的叶片配合的部位为平面,同时此部位的叶片也为平面,以消除配合间隙。风阀单元的风阀叶片边缘可增设密封材料,以提高关闭的气密性。
每个扇形区域的阀杆可配备同等数量的锥齿轮实现传动,同时也可增加锥齿轮数量减小锥齿轮的尺寸。
每个扇形区域也可取消主动阀杆的设计,对每根阀杆配置一对锥齿轮,可将径向的齿轮旋转转化为轴向的齿轮旋转,如图30所示。图中每个阀杆外端设置第二锥齿轮922,与第三锥齿轮923形成90度轴夹角,第三锥齿轮连接于驱动轴921,驱动轴921通过驱动直齿轮924和弧形齿条啮合。弧形齿条由外部进行驱动。该设计中,扇形区域的风阀单元的驱动力矩分散作用于弧形齿条上,具有较优的应力分布特征。上述弧形齿条可由同步带进行替代,进行更灵活的设计。上述弧形齿条及同步带,统称为弧形带齿部件。
扇形区域的风阀单元的传动部分还可采用连杆传动的设计,如图31所示,图中每个阀杆固定于摆臂926之上,摆臂内开槽对滑销928进行限位,滑销928固定于旋转曲杆927之上,旋转曲杆可927通过各种传动方式由电机或气动部件进行驱动。
上述的扇形调节阀设计的优点在于其实现了对前述的间隔部件的完善的配合,能够对测量子通道形成独立的风量调节。阀门的安装宽度可大幅减小,同时实现良好的密闭性能。优点还在于可实现超薄的设计。
风量调节部件可采用其他的传动设计,图28传动部件是配合普通的具有平行的多个风阀叶片的圆形风阀的设计;圆形风阀上的主动阀杆可采用续接方式和图中的主动阀杆902连接;圆形风阀上的从动阀杆和图中的从动阀杆901连接;图中阀杆端面设计为非圆孔轴连接形式进行续接,采用螺丝固定,设计中也可采用键连接等方式。主动阀杆902及从动阀杆901固定于开式齿轮箱91中的相对应的齿轮904上,
开式齿轮箱91中包括基座908,滑动轴承,固定卡座,齿轮904。开式齿轮箱可通过螺母909固定于齿轮箱基座92上,齿轮箱基座上设有安装螺柱911。开式齿轮箱在齿轮箱基座上可以实现位置调整,风阀阀杆的的定位精度高,摩擦阻力降低。齿轮箱基座92可通过螺栓固定于阀体上,上述传动部分采用防尘罩进行防护。
实际工程设计中,开式齿轮箱还可增加壳体,采用半封闭设计;齿轮箱的设计增强了阀门制造的互换性。开式齿轮箱也可参考上述圆形风量调节部件设计采用齿轮条,同步带传动;采用齿轮条和同步带后,前述的齿轮之间可不必相互啮合传动。
上述变风量阀属于一种变风量装置,变风量装置可采用模块化设计中的任意设计方法;变风量装置可采 用模块化设计中的多种的平均压差测量部件,其中静压型测量部件更适合于超薄型的阀体,阀体中可采用一个或多个静压型平均压差测量模块;由于非静压型的测量模块测得的压差大,可采用或和静压型测量模块组合使用;变风量装置可采用模块化设计中多种切换部件,使其动作对至少部分测量子区域的压差进行循环测量,可以采用分歧管可控式的平均压差测量部件,实现测量子区域的合并,进行快速的测量调节;其可采用模块化设计中的多种蜂窝型过流部件,采用一个或多个布置于压差测量部件前方;变风量装置可采用模块化设计中的多种间隔部件,对测量通道进行分隔,以减少两侧测量区域的湍流度;间隔部件可具有执行机构,并由控制装置打开,控制装置通过测量切换阀门动作合并相关测量子区域进行区域压差测量并用于该测量子区域的平均流速相关变量计算;间隔部件可与控制装置进行电气或通信连接成为控制的一部分,也可采用无线通信连接方式;变风量装置可采用模块化设计中关于采样通道的任意设计。
控制装置可采用模块化设计中的任意测量控制方法;多个平均压差测量部件通过采样通道与压差传感器连接,压差传感器传送压差信号至控制装置,控制装置传送控制信号至风量调节部件,控制装置通过测量各个测量子区域的区域压差,进行运算并驱动风量调节单元对通过阀体的风量进行风量调节直至目标风量,目标风量在空调通风系统要求的风量的误差范围内;控制装置可通过风量调节部件及间隔部件关闭至少一个测量子区域,并通过对切换部件的动作来切断上述测量子区域相应测量模块与压差传感器之间的采样通道,之后测量各个测量子区域的区域压差,单独计算测量子区域的平均流速相关变量,例如变风量装置当设定风量过小时,可关闭测量子通道对应的风量调节部件;变风量装置在设计中可在测量子通道前方或后方增设多叶密闭风阀或插板阀,在功能需要时实现测量子区域的关闭,同时将示例中的风量调节部件设计为普通不带密闭功能的风量调节部件,从而有更好的实用性;控制装置可对多个平均压差测量部件中的测量切换阀进行动作,测量并记录至少一个测量模块的区域压差以及该测量模块拆分后形成的多个测量模块对应的多个区域压差,计算取得测量用流量系数,并运用于该测量子区域的平均流速相关变量计算中。测量过程中,当风量调节部件关闭辅助测量时,其功能相当于阻挡部件;当设计插板阀或密闭关闭阀用于关闭辅助测量时,他们即是阻挡部件。
上述风阀执行器可采用气动控制部件,具体可包括采用角行程或直行程执行器,定位器,该设计可实现快速控制或者防爆控制。所述角行程的执行器可作用于主动阀杆或齿轮条,所述直行程执行器可作用于齿轮条。气动角行程或直行程执行器的增加可实现更快速的驱动。风阀执行器选配的阀杆位置定位反馈机构称为定位器。示例中的压差传感变送器,控制器,风阀执行器三部分的功能和形态可相互整合,比如可以将电动风阀执行器中的电机等元件和配套的定位器隐藏于防尘腔体中,从而不用设计外置的高防护等级的风阀执行器,此时形成内置的电动风阀执行器及定位器;压差传感变送器可和控制器相互整合成为一个部件;压差传感变送器设计中可拆分为压差传感器和变送器,压差传感器和控制器通过变送电路进行电气连接,压差传感器是此变风量装置中的必要组件。
示例中的控制器包括风量计算电路,控制电路,实际其功能可简化,控制器可仅仅包括对风阀执行器发送动作信号及接受传感器的压差信号,其他的风量计算及控制计算通过远端的控制设备通过有线通信或无线通信完成,控制器通过网络得到控制信号之后对风阀执行器进行控制。上述通过有线通信或无线通信,或通过电气连接对风阀执行器进行动作的远端控制设备或就地控制器可统称为控制装置,控制装置包括风量计算电路、控制电路,控制装置还可包括网络通讯模块;控制装置与压差传感器进行电气连接,或有线通信连接,或无线通信连接,控制装置与风阀执行器进行电气连接,或有线通信连接,或无线通信连接;变风量装置中向间隔部件传送控制信号的设备,也是控制装置的一部分;控制装置外形上可为一个或多个,可采用PLC, 单片机,电脑等多种控制硬件。
变风量装置的控制装置控制逻辑及方法可包含上述模块化流量测量方法的所有内容。其基本的控制方式可以是采用多传感器测量或循环方式测量风量,当总风量达不到设定值时,阀门保持全开;风量过大时,风量调节部件可对测量通道同开度同步调节,也可采用不同开度的调节方式;测量中适时地对风速过低的测量子区域进行关闭,再进行调节;采用循环测量的变风量装置可适时地采用下述风量系数法计算总流量的方式或通过合并测量子区域计算总流量的方式加快测量速度。
对于采用循环测量的变风量阀门,可通过优化控制逻辑的方式加快控制速度。以图25示例为例,假设控制总风量目标值为L0,初始状态下2个风量调节部件处于全开状态,控制器可以平均风速较大的测量子区域的风量为控制目标,对2个测量子区域进行相同开度同步调节;记录较大平均风速测量子区域风量L11,对另一测量子区域风量进行测量得到L21,两者相加得到总风量LT1,记录风阀开度α1,计算风量系数C1=LT1/L11,C1即为对应α1,L11的风量系数;根据C1,LT1,L0计算较大平均风速测量子区域的控制目标值L12',继续对2个测量子区域进行同开度同步调节,当较大平均风速测量子区域风量趋近目标值时停止调节,记录风量L12,并对另一通道风量进行测量得到L22,计算得到总风量LT2,记录风阀开度α2,计算C2=LT2/L12,C2为对应α2,L12的风量系数。根据C2,LT2,L0计算较大平均风速测量子区域的控制目标值L13',继续按照此方法调节直到总风量位于设定风量的控制误差范围内。
控制装置统计风量系数C及相关参数,其中C1,C2,C3,....Cn,其对应不同阀门开度αi,L1i,可建立数据库。可由人工或机器学习,通过插值或者拟合建立以α,L1为自变量,C为函数值的函数,在下次调节过程中应用函数参与控制,加快调节速度。上述控制方式采用调节测量子区域的风量,并乘以风量系数用于调节总风量的控制方法可称为风量系数法,适合于设计程序进行相关计算及控制。风管中的风速在弯头,三通等局部阻力部件后的部分测量子区域往往平均风速偏大,比如靠近弯头大半径的附近;当风量调节部件以相同开度同步调节时,当L1值固定时风量系数C值随α值分布有一定曲线特征,所以采用风量系数法在实际中具有准确度。当平均压差测量部件处于靠近风管主管的风管支管位置时,C值的函数受到主管风速Vd不同程度的影响。此时可通过对各支路的风量统计得到主管风速,进一步地,建立风量系数C对应αi,L1i,Vdi的数据库,由人工或机器学习建立C对应α,L1,Vd的三元插值函数或三元拟合函数,从而提高控制精度和速度。上述风量系数法的使用还可以降低切换部件的动作频率,进一步提高可靠性。
上述风量系数法和通过合并测量子区域计算总流量方法都可加快测量,不同之处在于当测量通道中有间隔部件时,风量系数法不用打开间隔部件即可获得较好的监测及测量精度,在制造成本上有优势。
上述变风量阀的应用中,风量调节部件可不安装在阀体之中,可通过配件内置安装在风管中;风量调节部件不限定于采用可旋转的阀杆形式;同时蜂窝型整流部件也可内置安装在风管中。上述变风量阀的示例仅做展示,实际可应用模块化流量测量的方法对其进行多种形式的变更及改进。
本文中出现的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等词语仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
最后应说明的是:本文中实施例进行了详细的描述,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种模块化流体流量测量方法,其特征在于,包含:
    将多个平均压差测量部件的检测管设置在测量通道中,用于采集多个测量子区域的各个区域压差,
    所述区域压差中包含多个平均压差,平均压差的高压值由多个全压测量孔在高压腔体中平均得到;
    在所述多个平均压差测量部件前方,设置多个通过流体的直通道用于降低测量横截面湍流度,所述通过流体的直通道内部到出口为直通道,直通道水力直径小于0.2倍的测量通道水力直径,直通道长度大于0.2倍的直通道水力直径;
    采用间隔部件对测量通道进行分隔,以减少两侧测量区域的湍流度;
    通过采样通道将压差传感器和多个平均压差测量部件连接起来,测量各个测量子区域的区域压差;
    运用所述各个测量子区域的区域压差及测量子区域面积参数参与计算,并得到总流量。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的流体流量测试方法,其特征在于,所述测量各个测量子区域的区域压差的步骤之中,包含循环测量方式。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的流体流量测试方法,其特征在于,所述多个平均压差测量部件中至少包含一个静压型平均压差测量模块;所述静压型平均压差测量模块的低压测量孔位于柱面之上,柱面的直母线平行于测量通道轴线。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的流体流量测试方法,其特征在于,在运用所述各个测量子区域的区域压差及测量子区域面积参数参与计算步骤之前,还包括:
    通过阻挡部件及间隔部件关闭至少一个测量子区域,通过切换部件的动作来切断相应压差测量模块与压差传感器之间的采样通道,之后测量各个测量子区域的区域压差。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的流体流量测试方法,其特征在于,在运用所述各个测量子区域的区域压差及测量子区域面积参数参与计算步骤之前,还包括:对所述多个平均压差测量部件中的测量切换阀进行动作,测量并记录至少一个测量模块的区域压差以及该测量模块拆分后形成的多个测量模块对应的多个区域压差,计算取得测量用流量系数,并运用于所述总流量计算中。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的流体流量测试方法,其特征在于,在运用所述各个测量子区域的区域压差及测量子区域面积参数参与计算步骤之前,还包括:打开至少一个所述间隔部件,并打开位于该部件两侧的测量模块的测量切换阀进行测量子区域合并,对合并的测量子区域进行区域压差测量。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的流体流量测试方法,其特征在于,所述多个平均压差测量部件在扇形或圆形测量区域中采用不等环面测量点布置方法对全压测量点进行布置,特征在于,包含:
    S1根据测量精度确定位于区域中的圆心之外测量点的总数量及位于各个测量弧上的测量点数量,每个测量弧上的测量点数量不完全相等;
    S2根据半径公式确定测量弧的半径;
    S3将测量点均布于测量弧上。
  8. 一种不等环面测量点布置方法,用于流体测量的扇形及圆形测量区域测量点布置,其特征在于,包含:
    S1根据测量精度确定位于区域中的圆心之外测量点的总数量及位于各个测量弧上的测量点数量,每个测量弧上的测量点数量不完全相等,
    S2根据半径公式确定测量弧的半径;
    S3将测量点均布于测量弧上。
  9. 一种流量测量装置,包括蜂窝型过流部件、多个平均压差测量部件、间隔部件;其特征在于:所述装置用于实现如权利要求1到8任意一项所述方法的步骤。
  10. 一种变风量装置,其特征在于包括阀体和蜂窝型过流部件,多个平均压差测量部件,风量调节部件,压差传感器,采样通道,控制装置;
    所述多个平均压差测量部件的检测管位于阀体内部,用于采集多个测量子区域的各个区域压差,
    所述区域压差中包含多个平均压差,平均压差的高压值由多个全压测量孔在高压腔体中平均得到;
    所述蜂窝型过流部件设置于所述多个平均压差测量部件前方,其包含多个通过流体的直通道用于降低测量横截面湍流度,所述通过流体的直通道内部到出口为直通道,直通道水力直径小于0.2倍的测量通道水力直径,直通道长度大于0.2倍的直通道水力直径;
    所述多个平均压差测量部件通过采样通道与压差传感器连接,压差传感器传送压差信号至控制装置,控制装置传送控制信号至风量调节部件;
    所述控制装置通过测量各个测量子区域的区域压差,进行运算并驱动风量调节单元对通过阀体的风量进行调节。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的变风量装置,其特征在于,所述变风量装置阀体内部包括间隔部件,所述间隔部件对测量通道进行分隔,以减少两侧测量区域的湍流度。
  12. 如权利要求10所述的变风量装置,其特征在于,所述变风量装置包括切换部件,通过所述切换部件动作对至少部分测量子区域的区域压差进行循环测量。
  13. 如权利要求10所述的变风量装置,其特征在于,所述多个平均压差测量部件中至少包含一个静压型平均压差测量模块,所述静压型平均压差测量模块的低压测量孔位于柱面之上,柱面的直母线平行于测量通道轴线。
  14. 如权利要求10所述的变风量装置,其特征在于,所述控制装置通过风量调节部件及间隔部件关闭至少一个测量子区域,并通过对切换部件的动作来切断上述测量子区域相应测量模块与压差传感器之间的采样通道,之后测量各个测量子区域的区域压差。
  15. 如权利要求10所述的变风量装置,其特征在于,所述控制装置对所述多个平均压差测量部件中的测量切换阀进行动作,测量并记录至少一个测量模块的区域压差以及该测量模块拆分后形成的多个测量模块对应的多个区域压差,计算取得测量用流量系数,并运用于所述运算过程中。
  16. 如权利要求10所述的变风量装置,其特征在于,至少一个所述间隔部件具有执行机构,并由所述控制装置打开,之后所述控制装置通过测量切换阀动作合并相关测量子区域进行区域压差测量。
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