WO2023151121A1 - Thermal decomposition and high-pressure direct injection type ammonia-fuelled engine - Google Patents

Thermal decomposition and high-pressure direct injection type ammonia-fuelled engine Download PDF

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WO2023151121A1
WO2023151121A1 PCT/CN2022/077267 CN2022077267W WO2023151121A1 WO 2023151121 A1 WO2023151121 A1 WO 2023151121A1 CN 2022077267 W CN2022077267 W CN 2022077267W WO 2023151121 A1 WO2023151121 A1 WO 2023151121A1
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ammonia
engine
fuel
pipeline
decomposition
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PCT/CN2022/077267
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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彭力上
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彭力上
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
    • F02B43/10—Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
    • F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
    • F02M21/0206—Non-hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0245—High pressure fuel supply systems; Rails; Pumps; Arrangement of valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of engines, in particular to an engine for thermally decomposing high-pressure direct-injection ammonia fuel.
  • the fossil fuels used by existing engines are all carbon-containing, and will generate carbon dioxide emissions during operation.
  • the emissions vary depending on the fuel.
  • Technically feasible alternatives are: 1. All-electric replacement, that is, the internal combustion engine is replaced by an electric motor. Electricity comes from power batteries, but the alternative method of electricity has low energy density and slow charging speed, so it is not suitable for heavy-duty vehicles, ships, aviation and other transportation; 2. Hydrogen energy replacement, hydrogen is used as a clean fuel, and the only emission is water, but the density of hydrogen Small size, low liquefaction temperature, difficult storage and transportation, and difficult to apply in heavy-duty vehicles, ships, aviation and other fields; 3.
  • Synthetic fuels that is, using clean electricity such as photovoltaics and wind power to produce hydrogen, artificially synthesizing fuels (hydrogen and its compounds ), wherein ammonia, as a hydrogen nitrogen compound, has a good application prospect because it does not contain carbon, is easy to prepare, and is easy to transport.
  • Ammonia has been invented as a chemical fertilizer for more than 100 years, and its production technology is relatively mature. The annual production and transportation of ammonia worldwide exceeds 200 million tons.
  • the existing ammonia production method uses carbon-containing raw materials such as coal and natural gas to be produced, which can be easily replaced by electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen to synthesize ammonia, so as to achieve no carbon emissions in the whole process.
  • As a fuel ammonia has a lower calorific value, but it is more convenient to store and transport than hydrogen. It is one of the compounds with the highest hydrogen content at present, but ammonia is still rare as a fuel.
  • the main reason is the hydrogen-nitrogen-hydrogen cycle efficiency Low fuel calorific value, difficult hydrogen separation, difficult combustion, low overall energy efficiency when used in fuel cells, slow combustion and difficult ignition when used in internal combustion engines, and the need to add combustion-supporting fuels, etc. All of these have affected ammonia as a carbon-free fuel. Promotion and application of fuel.
  • Ammonia is used in internal combustion engines and has a high compression ratio, making it easier to increase engine efficiency. Although the calorific value of ammonia is low, it is superior to the direct hydrogen storage system in terms of the effective energy carried by the system; the exhaust temperature of the internal combustion engine is relatively high, which is close to the decomposition temperature of ammonia, and ammonia can be pyrolyzed into a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen. It needs to absorb a certain amount of energy, and the internal energy of the mixed gas after all pyrolysis is more than that of ammonia (about 16% energy can be increased), so that part of the exhaust energy can be recovered, and the engine efficiency is improved.
  • the hydrogen in the mixed gas is used as a combustion-supporting fuel Solve the problem of difficult ignition of pure ammonia fuel.
  • Ammonia-fueled engines do not contain carbon dioxide in the exhaust, ammonia is not completely pyrolyzed, and the content of nitrogen oxides is high during combustion.
  • Catalytic decomposition can be used, or ammonia or mixed gas can be injected into the exhaust pipe to catalytically decompose exhaust nitrogen oxides.
  • the technical solution provided by the present invention is: a thermal decomposition high-pressure direct-injection ammonia fuel engine, including an ammonia tank, an ammonia booster pump, an ammonia preheating and decomposition device, a high-pressure injection valve, a nozzle, an engine , Exhaust gas treatment device;
  • the ammonia tank outputs ammonia to the ammonia booster pump through the pipeline
  • the ammonia booster pump outputs ammonia to the ammonia preheating and decomposition device through the pipeline
  • the ammonia preheating and decomposition device outputs ammonia to the high-pressure injection through the pipeline
  • the high-pressure injection valve is set at the fuel injection port of the engine and injects the mixed fuel into the engine through the nozzle, and the hot gas discharged from the engine enters the ammonia preheating and decomposition device through the heating channel and pipeline set on it
  • the ammonia preheating and decomposition device is connected to the tail gas treatment device through a pipeline, so that the gas discharged from it enters the tail gas treatment device, and the tail gas treatment device is provided with a gas discharge pipeline.
  • an auxiliary starting device is also included, the auxiliary starting device is arranged on the pipeline connecting the engine heating passage and the ammonia preheating and decomposition device, and at the same time, the ammonia tank is connected with the auxiliary starting device through another pipeline and outputs ammonia To the auxiliary starting device, the intake pipe at the inlet of the engine is connected with the auxiliary starting device through a pipeline.
  • the auxiliary starting device is one or a combination of a gas storage device and a post-combustion device.
  • the tail gas treatment device is an NSC tail gas treatment device or an SCR tail gas treatment device.
  • an in-cylinder auxiliary ignition device is arranged in the combustion chamber of the engine.
  • the in-cylinder auxiliary ignition device is an electric heating ceramic ignition device or an electric spark plug ignition device.
  • the present invention After being pressurized, the medium-low temperature and low-pressure ammonia in the present invention enters the ammonia decomposition device heated by the exhaust gas, decomposes to produce ammonia-hydrogen-nitrogen mixed fuel, and enters the engine through the high-pressure jet pump to burn and perform work.
  • the exhaust gas of the engine passes through the ammonia decomposition device, recovers part of the heat energy, and then discharges it.
  • the invention uses the characteristics of ammonia fuel to recover the exhaust gas to improve the efficiency of the internal combustion engine, and solves problems such as difficulty in ignition, and reduces and eliminates the content of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas. Achieve emission standards.
  • the thermodynamic framework provided by the present invention can be applied to internal combustion engines such as piston type, rotor type, and turbine type, as well as external combustion engines such as Stirling engines and steam engines.
  • Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of an engine for thermally decomposing high-pressure direct-injection ammonia fuel according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 of an engine for thermally decomposing high-pressure direct-injection ammonia fuel according to the present invention.
  • the terms "setting”, “installation”, “connection” and “connection” should be interpreted in a broad sense, for example, It can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components.
  • the terms “setting”, “installation”, “connection” and “connection” should be interpreted in a broad sense, for example, It can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components.
  • a thermal decomposition high-pressure direct-injection ammonia fuel engine comprising an ammonia tank 1, an ammonia booster pump 2, an ammonia preheating and decomposition device 3, a high-pressure injection valve 4, a nozzle 5, an engine 6, and an exhaust gas treatment device 7;
  • the ammonia tank 1 outputs ammonia to the ammonia booster pump 2 through the pipeline, and the ammonia fuel pressure is increased to the combustion chamber for direct injection to the required pressure;
  • the ammonia booster pump 2 outputs the ammonia to the ammonia preheating and decomposition device 3 through the pipeline, and the ammonia
  • the preheating and decomposition device 3 outputs ammonia to the high-pressure injection valve 4 through the pipeline.
  • the high-pressure injection valve 4 is set at the fuel injection port of the engine 6 and injects the mixed fuel into the engine 6 through the nozzle 5.
  • the engine 6 passes through the heating channel 8 provided on it.
  • the hot gas discharged from it enters the ammonia preheating and decomposition device 3, the ammonia preheating and decomposition device 3 is connected with the tail gas treatment device 7 through the pipeline, and the gas discharged from it enters the tail gas treatment device 7, and the tail gas treatment device Install gas exhaust piping.
  • the ammonia fuel preheating and decomposition device utilizes engine exhaust to heat the fuel channel, and there is a catalyst (which can be platinum, ruthenium, iron, nickel, etc., or other materials) in the fuel channel, and the ammonia is decomposed by contact with the catalyst after being heated It is a mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen;
  • a catalyst which can be platinum, ruthenium, iron, nickel, etc., or other materials
  • the high-pressure injection valve is used to inject the mixed fuel into the engine through the high-pressure injection valve to perform combustion.
  • the advantage of high-pressure direct injection is that not only the exhaust energy absorbed by fuel decomposition can be used, but also the exhaust heat can be utilized;
  • the exhaust gas treatment device can use nitrogen oxide storage catalytic reduction technology NSC.
  • the engine exhaust is rich in nitrogen oxides, which need to be treated before being discharged into the atmosphere.
  • NSC technology is used for exhaust gas treatment to decompose and reduce nitrogen oxides into nitrogen and oxygen. .
  • the feature is that the afterburner can be used to adjust the temperature of the exhaust gas entering the NSC to ensure the reduction efficiency;
  • the exhaust gas treatment device can also use selective reduction catalytic SCR technology, add a small amount of ammonia to the engine exhaust, and catalytically reduce NOx to nitrogen, oxygen and water after contacting with titanium dioxide.
  • the feature is that the amount of ammonia-hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas entering the SCR can be adjusted by using the afterburner to ensure the reduction efficiency;
  • the combustion chamber of the engine 6 is equipped with an in-cylinder auxiliary ignition device.
  • the in-cylinder auxiliary ignition structure is an electric heating ceramic ignition device. When the compressed air temperature is not enough to ignite the injected high-heat mixed gas, the electric heating ceramic body will ignite the mixed gas.
  • the characteristic is that the direct injection in the cylinder is combined with the electrothermal auxiliary ignition, which simplifies the auxiliary ignition control.
  • a starting device 10 is also set in the present embodiment, and the auxiliary starting device 10 is arranged on the pipeline connected to the engine heating channel 8 and the ammonia preheating and decomposition device 3. Meanwhile, the ammonia tank 1 is connected to the auxiliary starting device 10 through another pipeline and outputs ammonia to the auxiliary starting device 10, and the intake pipe 9 at the engine inlet is connected to the auxiliary starting device 10 through a pipeline.
  • the auxiliary starting device includes a gas storage device and a supplementary combustion device.
  • the simple engine may not be used, or only one of the devices may be used.
  • the ammonia fuel does not have thermal decomposition, and an auxiliary starting device is required to provide mixed gas fuel, which is then maintained by ammonia fuel.
  • the engine is running.
  • the auxiliary starting device is composed of a gas storage device and a supplementary combustion device.
  • the auxiliary starting device gas storage device stores the surplus mixed fuel gas generated by the ammonia fuel preheating and decomposition device, and is used when the engine is started.
  • the supplementary combustion device of the auxiliary starting device will directly burn ammonia to heat the ammonia fuel preheating and decomposition device.
  • the pressurized ammonia enters the ammonia pyrolysis device, and the ammonia fuel is partially or completely pyrolyzed by engine exhaust heating and catalysts (iron, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, nickel, etc.) to form hydrogen, nitrogen, A mixed gas fuel composed of ammonia (hereinafter referred to as mixed gas).
  • the mixed gas is injected into the combustion chamber of the engine through the high-pressure injection valve, mixed with the oxygen contained in the compressed air, and spontaneously ignites. If it cannot self-ignite, the high-heat ceramic body of the auxiliary ignition device in the cylinder will ignite the mixture.
  • the high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from the engine combustion enters the ammonia pyrolysis device to heat and decompose the ammonia fuel.
  • the temperature drops to about 200 degrees.
  • a part of the mixed gas is properly injected, and under the action of the exhaust catalyst, it is selectively mixed with nitrogen oxides. Catalyze, reduce and eliminate the content of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas, and achieve emission standards.
  • the invention utilizes the characteristic of the ammonia fuel to recover exhaust gas, improve the efficiency of the internal combustion engine, and solve problems such as difficulty in ignition.
  • the thermodynamic framework provided by the present invention can be applied to internal combustion engines such as piston type, rotor type, and turbine type, as well as external combustion engines such as Stirling engines and steam engines.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract

A thermal decomposition and high-pressure direct injection type ammonia-fuelled engine, comprising an ammonia storage tank, an ammonia booster pump, an ammonia preheating and decomposition device, a high-pressure injection valve, a nozzle, an engine body and a tail gas treatment device. After being pressurized, low-temperature and low-pressure ammonia enters the ammonia preheating and decomposition device heated by exhaust gas, and is decomposed to produce an ammonia-hydrogen-nitrogen mixed fuel. After passing through the high-pressure injection valve, said mixed fuel enters the engine body for combustion work. Engine exhaust gas passes through the ammonia preheating and decomposition device so as to recover part of heat energy and then is discharged. Energy of the exhaust gas is recovered by utilizing the characteristics of the ammonia fuel, thereby improving the efficiency of an internal combustion engine, and solving the problems of difficulty in ignition and the like.

Description

一种热分解高压直喷型氨燃料的发动机A Thermal Decomposition High Pressure Direct Injection Ammonia Fuel Engine 技术领域technical field
本发明涉及发动机领域，具体涉及一种热分解高压直喷型氨燃料的发动机。The invention relates to the field of engines, in particular to an engine for thermally decomposing high-pressure direct-injection ammonia fuel.
背景技术Background technique
随着环保理念的深入人心，对能源动力装置排放要求日趋严格，低碳无碳已经是大势所趋。As the concept of environmental protection is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, the emission requirements for energy and power devices are becoming increasingly strict, and low-carbon and carbon-free has become the general trend.
现有发动机使用的化石燃料都是含碳的，运行时会产生二氧化碳排放，随燃料不同排放量有所高低，技术上可行的替代方式有：1、全电替代，即由电动机替代内燃机，其电力来自动力电池，但是电力替代方式能量密度低、充电速度慢，不适用于重载车辆、船舶、航空等运输；2、氢能替代，氢作为清洁燃料，排放物仅有水，但氢密度小、液化温度低，储运困难，也难以在重载车辆、船舶、航空等领域应用；3、合成燃料，即采用光伏、风电等清洁电力制取氢，人工方式合成燃料(氢及其化合物)，其中氨作为氢氮化合物，因为不含碳、易于制取、易于运输，具有较好的应用前景。The fossil fuels used by existing engines are all carbon-containing, and will generate carbon dioxide emissions during operation. The emissions vary depending on the fuel. Technically feasible alternatives are: 1. All-electric replacement, that is, the internal combustion engine is replaced by an electric motor. Electricity comes from power batteries, but the alternative method of electricity has low energy density and slow charging speed, so it is not suitable for heavy-duty vehicles, ships, aviation and other transportation; 2. Hydrogen energy replacement, hydrogen is used as a clean fuel, and the only emission is water, but the density of hydrogen Small size, low liquefaction temperature, difficult storage and transportation, and difficult to apply in heavy-duty vehicles, ships, aviation and other fields; 3. Synthetic fuels, that is, using clean electricity such as photovoltaics and wind power to produce hydrogen, artificially synthesizing fuels (hydrogen and its compounds ), wherein ammonia, as a hydrogen nitrogen compound, has a good application prospect because it does not contain carbon, is easy to prepare, and is easy to transport.
氨作为化肥已经被发明100余年，生产技术较为成熟，全球每年生产运输2亿吨以上。现有氨生产方式采用煤、天然气等含碳原料制取，可以方便的替换为电解水制氢合成氨，实现全过程无碳排放。氨作为燃料，热值虽然较低，但储运都较氢为便利，是目前含氢量最高的化合物之一，但氨作为燃料还较少见，主要原因有，氢-氮-氢循环效率较低、燃料热值低、氢分离困难、燃烧困难，用于燃料电池总能效较低，用于内燃机存在燃烧慢、点火困难等问题，需要加入助燃燃料等，这些都影响了氨作为无碳燃料的推广和应用。Ammonia has been invented as a chemical fertilizer for more than 100 years, and its production technology is relatively mature. The annual production and transportation of ammonia worldwide exceeds 200 million tons. The existing ammonia production method uses carbon-containing raw materials such as coal and natural gas to be produced, which can be easily replaced by electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen to synthesize ammonia, so as to achieve no carbon emissions in the whole process. As a fuel, ammonia has a lower calorific value, but it is more convenient to store and transport than hydrogen. It is one of the compounds with the highest hydrogen content at present, but ammonia is still rare as a fuel. The main reason is the hydrogen-nitrogen-hydrogen cycle efficiency Low fuel calorific value, difficult hydrogen separation, difficult combustion, low overall energy efficiency when used in fuel cells, slow combustion and difficult ignition when used in internal combustion engines, and the need to add combustion-supporting fuels, etc. All of these have affected ammonia as a carbon-free fuel. Promotion and application of fuel.
氨用于内燃机，具有压缩比高，更容易提高发动机效率。氨热值虽然低，从系统有效携带能量比例看，优于直接储氢系统；内燃机排气温度较高，与氨分解温度接近，可以通过热解氨为氢气和氮气混合气，氨热解时需要吸收一定能量，全部热解后的混合气体内能多于氨(大约可以增加16％的能量)，这样就可以回收部分排气能量，提高了发动机效率，同时混合气中的氢作为助燃燃料解决单纯氨燃料点火困难的问题。氨燃料发动机排放中不含二氧化碳，氨没有全部热解、燃烧时氮氧化物含量较高，可以采用催化分解，或使用氨或混合气注入排气管中催化分解排气氮氧化物。Ammonia is used in internal combustion engines and has a high compression ratio, making it easier to increase engine efficiency. Although the calorific value of ammonia is low, it is superior to the direct hydrogen storage system in terms of the effective energy carried by the system; the exhaust temperature of the internal combustion engine is relatively high, which is close to the decomposition temperature of ammonia, and ammonia can be pyrolyzed into a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen. It needs to absorb a certain amount of energy, and the internal energy of the mixed gas after all pyrolysis is more than that of ammonia (about 16% energy can be increased), so that part of the exhaust energy can be recovered, and the engine efficiency is improved. At the same time, the hydrogen in the mixed gas is used as a combustion-supporting fuel Solve the problem of difficult ignition of pure ammonia fuel. Ammonia-fueled engines do not contain carbon dioxide in the exhaust, ammonia is not completely pyrolyzed, and the content of nitrogen oxides is high during combustion. Catalytic decomposition can be used, or ammonia or mixed gas can be injected into the exhaust pipe to catalytically decompose exhaust nitrogen oxides.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供的技术方案为：一种热分解高压直喷型氨燃料的发动机，包括氨罐、氨增压泵、氨预热及分解装置、高压喷射阀、喷嘴、发动机、尾气处理装置；In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is: a thermal decomposition high-pressure direct-injection ammonia fuel engine, including an ammonia tank, an ammonia booster pump, an ammonia preheating and decomposition device, a high-pressure injection valve, a nozzle, an engine , Exhaust gas treatment device;
所述氨罐通过管路输出氨至氨增压泵，所述氨增压泵通过管路输出氨至氨预热及分解装置，所述氨预热及分解装置通过管路输出氨至高压喷射阀，所述高压喷射阀设置于发动机燃料注入口处并将混合燃料经喷嘴注入发动机，所述发动机通过其上设置的加热通道及管路，使其排出的热气体进入氨预热及分解装置， 所述氨预热及分解装置通过管路与尾气处理装置连接，使其排出的气体进入尾气处理装置，所述尾气处理装置设置气体排出管道。The ammonia tank outputs ammonia to the ammonia booster pump through the pipeline, the ammonia booster pump outputs ammonia to the ammonia preheating and decomposition device through the pipeline, and the ammonia preheating and decomposition device outputs ammonia to the high-pressure injection through the pipeline The high-pressure injection valve is set at the fuel injection port of the engine and injects the mixed fuel into the engine through the nozzle, and the hot gas discharged from the engine enters the ammonia preheating and decomposition device through the heating channel and pipeline set on it , The ammonia preheating and decomposition device is connected to the tail gas treatment device through a pipeline, so that the gas discharged from it enters the tail gas treatment device, and the tail gas treatment device is provided with a gas discharge pipeline.
优选地，还包括辅助启动装置，所述辅助启动装置设置于发动机加热通道与氨预热及分解装置连接的管路上，同时，所述氨罐通过另一管路与辅助启动装置连接并输出氨至辅助启动装置，所述发动机入口处的进气管通过管路与辅助启动装置连接。Preferably, an auxiliary starting device is also included, the auxiliary starting device is arranged on the pipeline connecting the engine heating passage and the ammonia preheating and decomposition device, and at the same time, the ammonia tank is connected with the auxiliary starting device through another pipeline and outputs ammonia To the auxiliary starting device, the intake pipe at the inlet of the engine is connected with the auxiliary starting device through a pipeline.
优选地，所述辅助启动装置为储气装置、补燃装置之中的一种或两种组合。Preferably, the auxiliary starting device is one or a combination of a gas storage device and a post-combustion device.
优选地，所述尾气处理装置为NSC尾气处理装置或SCR尾气处理装置。Preferably, the tail gas treatment device is an NSC tail gas treatment device or an SCR tail gas treatment device.
优选地，所述发动机燃烧室内设置缸内辅助点火装置。Preferably, an in-cylinder auxiliary ignition device is arranged in the combustion chamber of the engine.
优选地，所述缸内辅助点火装置为电加热陶瓷点火装置或电火花塞点火装置。Preferably, the in-cylinder auxiliary ignition device is an electric heating ceramic ignition device or an electric spark plug ignition device.
采用以上方案后，本发明具有如下优点：本发明中低温低压的氨经过增压后，进入由排气加热的氨分解装置，分解产生氨氢氮混合燃料，经高压喷射泵进入发动机燃烧做功，发动机排气经过氨分解装置，回收部分热能，再行排出，本发明利用氨燃料的特性回收排气能力提高内燃机效率，并解决点火困难等问题，降低、消除排气中的氮氧化物含量，实现达标排放。本发明提供的热力学架构可以适用于活塞式、转子式、涡轮式等内燃机,也适用于斯特林发动机、蒸气机等外燃机。After adopting the above scheme, the present invention has the following advantages: After being pressurized, the medium-low temperature and low-pressure ammonia in the present invention enters the ammonia decomposition device heated by the exhaust gas, decomposes to produce ammonia-hydrogen-nitrogen mixed fuel, and enters the engine through the high-pressure jet pump to burn and perform work. The exhaust gas of the engine passes through the ammonia decomposition device, recovers part of the heat energy, and then discharges it. The invention uses the characteristics of ammonia fuel to recover the exhaust gas to improve the efficiency of the internal combustion engine, and solves problems such as difficulty in ignition, and reduces and eliminates the content of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas. Achieve emission standards. The thermodynamic framework provided by the present invention can be applied to internal combustion engines such as piston type, rotor type, and turbine type, as well as external combustion engines such as Stirling engines and steam engines.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解的是，以下附图仅示出了本发明的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, it should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without creative work.
图1是本发明一种热分解高压直喷型氨燃料的发动机实施例一的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of an engine for thermally decomposing high-pressure direct-injection ammonia fuel according to the present invention.
图2是本发明一种热分解高压直喷型氨燃料的发动机实施例二的结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 of an engine for thermally decomposing high-pressure direct-injection ammonia fuel according to the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本发明实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments It is a part of embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a variety of different configurations.
因此，以下对在附图中提供的本发明的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围，而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。Accordingly, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步定义和解释。It should be noted that like numerals and letters denote similar items in the following figures, therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not require further definition and explanation in subsequent figures.
在本发明实施例的描述中，需要说明的是，若出现术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，或者 是该发明产品使用时惯常摆放的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于区分描述，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that if the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", The orientation or positional relationship indicated by "outside" is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship that is usually placed when the product of the invention is used, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. It is not to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, or operate in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used for distinguishing descriptions, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
此外，若出现术语“水平”、“竖直”、“悬垂”等术语并不表示要求部件绝对水平或悬垂，而是可以稍微倾斜。如“水平”仅仅是指其方向相对“竖直”而言更加水平，并不是表示该结构一定要完全水平，而是可以稍微倾斜。In addition, the appearance of the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "overhanging" etc. does not mean that the parts are absolutely horizontal or overhanging, but may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and it does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly inclined.
在本发明实施例的描述中，“多个”代表至少2个。In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "multiple" means at least 2.
在本发明实施例的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，若出现术语“设置”、“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "setting", "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be interpreted in a broad sense, for example, It can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to specific situations.
实施例一Embodiment one
一种热分解高压直喷型氨燃料的发动机，包括氨罐1、氨增压泵2、氨预热及分解装置3、高压喷射阀4、喷嘴5、发动机6、尾气处理装置7；A thermal decomposition high-pressure direct-injection ammonia fuel engine, comprising an ammonia tank 1, an ammonia booster pump 2, an ammonia preheating and decomposition device 3, a high-pressure injection valve 4, a nozzle 5, an engine 6, and an exhaust gas treatment device 7;
氨罐1通过管路输出氨至氨增压泵2，将氨燃料压力增加到燃烧室直喷至所需压力；氨增压泵2通过管路输出氨至氨预热及分解装置3，氨预热及分解装置3通过管路输出氨至高压喷射阀4，高压喷射阀4设置于发动机6燃料注入口处并将混合燃料经喷嘴5注入发动机6，发动机6通过其上设置的加热通道8及管路，使其排出的热气体进入氨预热及分解装置3，氨预热及分解装置3通过管路与尾气处理装置7连接，使其排出的气体进入尾气处理装置7，尾气处理装置设置气体排出管道。The ammonia tank 1 outputs ammonia to the ammonia booster pump 2 through the pipeline, and the ammonia fuel pressure is increased to the combustion chamber for direct injection to the required pressure; the ammonia booster pump 2 outputs the ammonia to the ammonia preheating and decomposition device 3 through the pipeline, and the ammonia The preheating and decomposition device 3 outputs ammonia to the high-pressure injection valve 4 through the pipeline. The high-pressure injection valve 4 is set at the fuel injection port of the engine 6 and injects the mixed fuel into the engine 6 through the nozzle 5. The engine 6 passes through the heating channel 8 provided on it. and pipeline, the hot gas discharged from it enters the ammonia preheating and decomposition device 3, the ammonia preheating and decomposition device 3 is connected with the tail gas treatment device 7 through the pipeline, and the gas discharged from it enters the tail gas treatment device 7, and the tail gas treatment device Install gas exhaust piping.
在本实施例中，氨燃料预热和分解装置利用发动机排气加热燃料通道，燃料通道中有催化剂(可以是铂、钌、铁、镍等，或其他材料)，氨受热后与催化剂接触分解为氢氮混合气体；In this embodiment, the ammonia fuel preheating and decomposition device utilizes engine exhaust to heat the fuel channel, and there is a catalyst (which can be platinum, ruthenium, iron, nickel, etc., or other materials) in the fuel channel, and the ammonia is decomposed by contact with the catalyst after being heated It is a mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen;
高压喷射阀用于将混合燃料经高压喷射阀控制注入发动机燃烧做功，高压直喷的优势在于不仅可以利用燃料分解吸收的排气能量，而且排气的热量也得到利用；The high-pressure injection valve is used to inject the mixed fuel into the engine through the high-pressure injection valve to perform combustion. The advantage of high-pressure direct injection is that not only the exhaust energy absorbed by fuel decomposition can be used, but also the exhaust heat can be utilized;
尾气处理装置可以使用氮氧化物存储催化还原技术NSC，发动机排气富含氮氧化物，需要经过处理后，才能排入大气，采用NSC技术进行尾气处理，将氮氧化物分解还原为氮气和氧气。特征在于，可以使用补燃器调节进入NSC的尾气温度，确保还原效率；The exhaust gas treatment device can use nitrogen oxide storage catalytic reduction technology NSC. The engine exhaust is rich in nitrogen oxides, which need to be treated before being discharged into the atmosphere. NSC technology is used for exhaust gas treatment to decompose and reduce nitrogen oxides into nitrogen and oxygen. . The feature is that the afterburner can be used to adjust the temperature of the exhaust gas entering the NSC to ensure the reduction efficiency;
尾气处理装置还可以使用选择性还原催化SCR技术，在发动机排气中，加入少量氨，与二氧化钛接触后催化还原NOx为氮、氧和水。特征在于，可以使用补燃器调节进入SCR的氨氢氮混合气体量，确保还原效率；The exhaust gas treatment device can also use selective reduction catalytic SCR technology, add a small amount of ammonia to the engine exhaust, and catalytically reduce NOx to nitrogen, oxygen and water after contacting with titanium dioxide. The feature is that the amount of ammonia-hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas entering the SCR can be adjusted by using the afterburner to ensure the reduction efficiency;
发动机6燃烧室内设置缸内辅助点火装置，缸内辅助点火状组织为电加热陶瓷点火装置，当压缩的空气温度不足以点燃喷入的高热混合气体时，电加热陶瓷体将点燃混合气体。特征在于，缸内直喷与电热辅 助点火结合，简化了辅助点火控制。The combustion chamber of the engine 6 is equipped with an in-cylinder auxiliary ignition device. The in-cylinder auxiliary ignition structure is an electric heating ceramic ignition device. When the compressed air temperature is not enough to ignite the injected high-heat mixed gas, the electric heating ceramic body will ignite the mixed gas. The characteristic is that the direct injection in the cylinder is combined with the electrothermal auxiliary ignition, which simplifies the auxiliary ignition control.
实施例二Embodiment two
本实施例与实施例一的不同之处在于，本实施例中还设置启动装置10，辅助启动装置10设置于发动机加热通道8与氨预热及分解装置3连接的管路上，同时，氨罐1通过另一管路与辅助启动装置10连接并输出氨至辅助启动装置10，发动机入口处的进气管9通过管路与辅助启动装置10连接。The difference between the present embodiment and the first embodiment is that a starting device 10 is also set in the present embodiment, and the auxiliary starting device 10 is arranged on the pipeline connected to the engine heating channel 8 and the ammonia preheating and decomposition device 3. Meanwhile, the ammonia tank 1 is connected to the auxiliary starting device 10 through another pipeline and outputs ammonia to the auxiliary starting device 10, and the intake pipe 9 at the engine inlet is connected to the auxiliary starting device 10 through a pipeline.
辅助起动装置包括储气装置和补燃装置，简易发动机可以不使用，或仅使用其中一个装置，发动机起动前，氨燃料没有热力分解，需要有辅助起动装置提供混合气体燃料，再由氨燃料维持发动机运行。辅助起动装置由储气装置和补燃装置组成，在发动机正常工作时，辅助起动装置储气装置将氨燃料预热和分解装置产生的富余混合燃料气体储存起来，待发动机起动时使用，在发动机起动后，排气温度不足时，辅助起动装置的补燃装置将直接燃烧氨加热氨燃料预热和分解装置。The auxiliary starting device includes a gas storage device and a supplementary combustion device. The simple engine may not be used, or only one of the devices may be used. Before the engine starts, the ammonia fuel does not have thermal decomposition, and an auxiliary starting device is required to provide mixed gas fuel, which is then maintained by ammonia fuel. The engine is running. The auxiliary starting device is composed of a gas storage device and a supplementary combustion device. When the engine is working normally, the auxiliary starting device gas storage device stores the surplus mixed fuel gas generated by the ammonia fuel preheating and decomposition device, and is used when the engine is started. After starting, when the exhaust gas temperature is insufficient, the supplementary combustion device of the auxiliary starting device will directly burn ammonia to heat the ammonia fuel preheating and decomposition device.
本发明在使用时：(1)对氨燃料进行增压，得到5～30MPa的高压氨；When the present invention is in use: (1) pressurize the ammonia fuel to obtain high-pressure ammonia of 5-30 MPa;
(2)经过加压后的氨，进入氨热解装置，通过发动机排气加热和催化剂(铁、铂、钌、铑、镍等)将氨燃料进行部分或全部热解，形成氢、氮、氨组成的混合气体燃料(以下简称混合气)。(2) The pressurized ammonia enters the ammonia pyrolysis device, and the ammonia fuel is partially or completely pyrolyzed by engine exhaust heating and catalysts (iron, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, nickel, etc.) to form hydrogen, nitrogen, A mixed gas fuel composed of ammonia (hereinafter referred to as mixed gas).
(3)混合气体经过高压喷射阀注入发动机燃烧室，与压缩后的空气所含的氧混合后自燃。如果不能自燃，则缸内辅助点火装置高热陶瓷体将点燃混合气体。(3) The mixed gas is injected into the combustion chamber of the engine through the high-pressure injection valve, mixed with the oxygen contained in the compressed air, and spontaneously ignites. If it cannot self-ignite, the high-heat ceramic body of the auxiliary ignition device in the cylinder will ignite the mixture.
(4)经过发动机燃烧排出的高温尾气进入氨热解装置，加热分解氨燃料。(4) The high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from the engine combustion enters the ammonia pyrolysis device to heat and decompose the ammonia fuel.
(5)发动机排气通过氨热解器后，温度降低至200度左右，通过检测排气管内氮氧化物含量，适当注入部分混合气，在排气催化剂作用下，与氮氧化物进行选择性催化，降低、消除排气中的氮氧化物含量，实现达标排放。(5) After the engine exhaust passes through the ammonia pyrolyzer, the temperature drops to about 200 degrees. By detecting the content of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust pipe, a part of the mixed gas is properly injected, and under the action of the exhaust catalyst, it is selectively mixed with nitrogen oxides. Catalyze, reduce and eliminate the content of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas, and achieve emission standards.
本发明利用氨燃料的特性回收排气能力提高内燃机效率，并解决点火困难等问题。本发明提供的热力学架构可以适用于活塞式、转子式、涡轮式等内燃机,也适用于斯特林发动机、蒸气机等外燃机。The invention utilizes the characteristic of the ammonia fuel to recover exhaust gas, improve the efficiency of the internal combustion engine, and solve problems such as difficulty in ignition. The thermodynamic framework provided by the present invention can be applied to internal combustion engines such as piston type, rotor type, and turbine type, as well as external combustion engines such as Stirling engines and steam engines.
以上对本发明及其实施方式进行了描述，这种描述没有限制性，附图中所示的也只是本发明的实施方式之一，实际的结构并不局限于此。总而言之如果本领域的普通技术人员受其启示，在不脱离本发明创造宗旨的情况下，不经创造性的设计出与该技术方案相似的结构方式及实施例，均应属于本发明的保护范围。The present invention and its implementations have been described above, and this description is not limiting. What is shown in the drawings is only one of the implementations of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. All in all, if a person of ordinary skill in the art is inspired by it, without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, without creatively designing a structure and an embodiment similar to the technical solution, it shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (6)

  1. 一种热分解高压直喷型氨燃料的发动机，其特征在于，包括氨罐、氨增压泵、氨预热及分解装置、高压喷射阀、喷嘴、发动机、尾气处理装置；A thermal decomposition high-pressure direct-injection ammonia fuel engine is characterized in that it includes an ammonia tank, an ammonia booster pump, an ammonia preheating and decomposition device, a high-pressure injection valve, a nozzle, an engine, and an exhaust gas treatment device;
    所述氨罐通过管路输出氨至氨增压泵，所述氨增压泵通过管路输出氨至氨预热及分解装置，所述氨预热及分解装置通过管路输出氨至高压喷射阀，所述高压喷射阀设置于发动机燃料注入口处并将混合燃料经喷嘴注入发动机，所述发动机通过其上设置的加热通道及管路，使其排出的热气体进入氨预热及分解装置，所述氨预热及分解装置通过管路与尾气处理装置连接，使其排出的气体进入尾气处理装置，所述尾气处理装置设置气体排出管道。The ammonia tank outputs ammonia to the ammonia booster pump through the pipeline, the ammonia booster pump outputs ammonia to the ammonia preheating and decomposition device through the pipeline, and the ammonia preheating and decomposition device outputs ammonia to the high-pressure injection through the pipeline The high-pressure injection valve is set at the fuel injection port of the engine and injects the mixed fuel into the engine through the nozzle, and the hot gas discharged from the engine enters the ammonia preheating and decomposition device through the heating channel and pipeline set on it , the ammonia preheating and decomposition device is connected to the tail gas treatment device through a pipeline, so that the gas discharged from it enters the tail gas treatment device, and the tail gas treatment device is provided with a gas discharge pipeline.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种热分解高压直喷型氨燃料的发动机，其特征在于，还包括辅助启动装置，所述辅助启动装置设置于发动机加热通道与氨预热及分解装置连接的管路上，同时，所述氨罐通过另一管路与辅助启动装置连接并输出氨至辅助启动装置，所述发动机入口处的进气管通过管路与辅助启动装置连接。A thermal decomposition high-pressure direct-injection ammonia fuel engine according to claim 1, characterized in that it also includes an auxiliary starting device, and the auxiliary starting device is arranged on the pipe connecting the engine heating passage and the ammonia preheating and decomposition device. On the way, at the same time, the ammonia tank is connected to the auxiliary starting device through another pipeline and outputs ammonia to the auxiliary starting device, and the intake pipe at the inlet of the engine is connected to the auxiliary starting device through a pipeline.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种热分解高压直喷型氨燃料的发动机，其特征在于，所述辅助启动装置为储气装置、补燃装置之中的一种或两种组合。The thermal decomposition high-pressure direct-injection ammonia fuel engine according to claim 2, wherein the auxiliary starting device is one or a combination of a gas storage device and a post-combustion device.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种热分解高压直喷型氨燃料的发动机，其特征在于，所述尾气处理装置为NSC尾气处理装置或SCR尾气处理装置。The thermal decomposition high-pressure direct-injection ammonia fuel engine according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust gas treatment device is an NSC exhaust gas treatment device or an SCR exhaust gas treatment device.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种热分解高压直喷型氨燃料的发动机，其特征在于，所述发动机燃烧室内设置缸内辅助点火装置。The thermal decomposition high-pressure direct-injection ammonia fuel engine according to claim 1, wherein an auxiliary ignition device in cylinder is arranged in the combustion chamber of the engine.
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种热分解高压直喷型氨燃料的发动机，其特征在于，所述缸内辅助点火装置为电加热陶瓷点火装置或电火花塞点火装置。The thermal decomposition high-pressure direct-injection ammonia fuel engine according to claim 5, wherein the in-cylinder auxiliary ignition device is an electric heating ceramic ignition device or an electric spark plug ignition device.
PCT/CN2022/077267 2022-02-14 2022-02-22 Thermal decomposition and high-pressure direct injection type ammonia-fuelled engine WO2023151121A1 (en)

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