WO2023140834A1 - Procédé d'extraction et de concentration sans solvant d'un spectre complet de cannabinoïdes dans une huile support - Google Patents

Procédé d'extraction et de concentration sans solvant d'un spectre complet de cannabinoïdes dans une huile support Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023140834A1
WO2023140834A1 PCT/US2022/012948 US2022012948W WO2023140834A1 WO 2023140834 A1 WO2023140834 A1 WO 2023140834A1 US 2022012948 W US2022012948 W US 2022012948W WO 2023140834 A1 WO2023140834 A1 WO 2023140834A1
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oil
reaction chamber
hemp
pressure reaction
extraction
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PCT/US2022/012948
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English (en)
Inventor
Jeffrey David BENNER
David Benton MCGIFFIN
Larry Maurice DOUGLAS
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Delmarva Hemp Llc
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Priority to PCT/US2022/012948 priority Critical patent/WO2023140834A1/fr
Publication of WO2023140834A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023140834A1/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
    • A61K2236/30—Extraction of the material
    • A61K2236/39—Complex extraction schemes, e.g. fractionation or repeated extraction steps

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to processing of cannabis/hemp plants for medicinal purposes, and particularly, to preparation of cannabinoids based therapeutically desired substances. Even more in particular, the present invention is directed to a method for extracting a full spectrum of phyto-cannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids from a whole cannabis/hemp plant for infusing them into a carrier oil using precisely controlled reaction pressure/temperature to prevent an inadvertent waste of the therapeutically desirable compounds of the plants due to vaporization at excessive reaction temperatures.
  • the present invention is also directed to a solvent-free extraction of the therapeutic compounds such as phyto-cannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids, in their naturally occurring proportions, from cannabis/hemp plants into a carrier oil to produce a concentrated full spectrum infusion oil with the preserved synergy of the Entourage effect.
  • the present invention is further directed to a method for extracting and infusing cannabinoids in a carrier oil using enhanced pressure and temperature combinations which requires no solvents for the extraction/concentration process, thus directly producing a detoxified final product free of a residual solvent, thereby obviating the need for an additional post - extraction detoxification of the infused carrier oil.
  • the present invention is also directed to an enhanced oil extraction of cannabis and/or hemp plants which may be performed using inexpensive equipment which is flexible enough to process small batches and be scaled - up to handle large amounts of cannabis/hemp per day.
  • the present invention is directed to a method for extracting therapeutically desirable compounds from cannabis/hemp plant material and infusing into a carrier oil by performing multiple processing tasks in the same reaction chamber with the decarboxylation of the cannabis/hemp plants before or after the extraction/ concentration in the same reaction chamber, thus drastically reducing the processing time and costs.
  • the present invention is directed to a method for extracting and infusing cannabinoids in a carrier oil which uses either green or dried whole cannabis/hemp plant, to maintain the full spectrum of the therapeutically desirable compounds in their naturally occurring proportions. Further, the present invention is directed to an enhanced oil extraction/concentration method which produces sterile concentrated full spectrum infused hemp/CBD oil which can be safely stored for long periods of time (possibly, years) until it is ready for final processing (pressing, filtration, dilution, and final product packaging).
  • the present invention is also directed to the enhanced oil extraction/concentration method capable of removing trace heavy metals and other undesirable compounds, potentially detoxifying the cannabis/hemp plant material during extraction/infusion processing, so that no post-extraction detoxification of the infused oil is required. Additionally, the present invention is directed to a method for cannabinoids extracting and infusing in a carrier oil requiring inexpensive equipment and reduced operating costs which are much less expensive than that of typical supercritical CO 2 or ethanol based extraction, and which does not require advanced chemical processes to perform direct oil extraction and concentration.
  • Cannabidiol, or CBD is one of the many cannabinoids found in the hemp plant, Cannabis Indica.
  • Industrial hemp differs from marijuana, because it has little ( ⁇ 0.3%) of tetrahydrocannabinol ( THC), and contains high concentrations (10–16%) of Cannabidiol ( CBD). Without the THC there are no psychoactive effects in the derived medicinal substances.
  • THC tetrahydrocannabinol
  • CBD Cannabidiol
  • CBD can be used as a substitute for some prescription medications.
  • the list of diseases that are responsive to CBD continues to grow. Some of these include pain relief for the chronic pain from arthritis, multiple sclerosis and Fibromyalgia. It may be beneficial for treating anxiety, depression and post- traumatic stress disorder.
  • CBD can reduce cancer-related pain and the side effects of chemotherapy including nausea and vomiting.
  • CBD has been shown, in laboratory and animal studies, to have anticancer properties. It reduces the frequency of epileptic seizures and reduces symptoms from Parkinson’s disease.
  • CBD can treat acne via its anti- inflammatory properties. CBD lowers blood pressure in humans and reduces impact of ischemic heart disease in diabetic mice. CBD can lessen the severity of withdrawal in patients undergoing detoxification from opioids.
  • Cannabis researchers have come to recognize the importance of using a whole hemp plant to produce the “Entourage Effect” which was described in 1998 by S. Ben-Shabat and Raphael Mechoulam to explain the complex interactive synergy that occurs between cannabis compounds. So far, more than 90 cannabinoids, 200 terpenes and 20 flavonoids have been identified and this number continues to rise. Many of these compounds are only present in trace quantities. Exactly how all of these phytocannabinoids interact within the human body’s endocannabinoid system is not fully understood.
  • Marinol which is the FDA approved synthetic tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC
  • THC synthetic tetrahydrocannabinol
  • hydrocarbon extraction method uses a variety of organic solvents to extract the cannabinoids from the plant.
  • organic solvent such as isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, butane, or naphtha. All of these are volatile solvents and vaporize while the concentrate is slowly heated.
  • the highly concentrated paste is drawn up into a syringe and is dispensed to the patient in small doses three times a day.
  • a drawback of this approach is that the solvents used in the method are flammable and combustible. If ingested in large quantities, they are highly toxic.
  • Another hydrocarbon approach uses butane or propane to extract the cannabinoids into butane hash oil. The cannabinoid plant material and liquid butane are combined in a pressurized and heated system. The residual butane solvent is subsequently removed under vacuum. This process results in a clear sticky rosin that includes high concentrations of THC, CBD and Terpenes. However, there is a serious risk of explosion due to the combustible nature of the butane.
  • Ethanol extraction is another process developed to extract important compounds from the cannabis plant. Distilled ethanol is added to a container of cannabis to react for at least one hour. The resulting mixture is subsequently filtered to separate the solids from the ethanol solution which is now loaded with cannabinoids and Terpenes. The saturated ethanol solution is boiled in order to remove the ethanol and to concentrate the cannabinoids.
  • Various strategies are used to condense the ethanol vapor to recover the ethanol, so that it can be recovered and return into the process for multiple extraction cycles. The method is relatively rapid and efficient, and is suitable for large scale operations.
  • the method works by placing CO 2 under very high pressure ( ⁇ 1080 PSI) and temperature ( ⁇ 88° F) to reach the so-called critical point. Any increase above these levels results in a “supercritical fluid”, which is a unique state of matter where the liquid can move through a solid matter as if it was a gas and at the same time be soluble in a liquid.
  • the temperatures may range from 45°C to 60°C (113°F to 140°F) and the pressures can range from 3000 PSI to 5000 PSI.
  • the conditions used can affect the quality and yield of the cannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids.
  • Monoterpenes such as D-limonene and alpha-pinene were found at lower levels than the original cannabis sample. These monoterpenes have lower vapor pressures and may have been evaporated in the super critical state. This reduction in the monoterpenes after SC CO 2 extraction alters the terpene fingerprint of the plant. This may undesirably alter the interaction and synergy between the cannabinoids and Terpenes, i.e., undermine the Entourage effect.
  • a SC CO 2 process is presented in International PCT Publication WO2016/153347 which is directed to a cannabidiol isolate from industrial hemp for use in pharmaceutical and/or cosmetic preparations.
  • the industrial hemp material is subjected to a treatment resulting in a reduction of the particle size, such as cutting or grinding.
  • the extraction step comprises contacting the industrial hemp with supercritical CO 2 .
  • the hemp material is placed in a pressure vessel following which supercritical CO 2 is passed into the vessel.
  • the supercritical CO 2 is preferably maintained at a temperature of 35- 120°C, most preferably at a temperature of 40-100°C.
  • the supercritical CO 2 is preferably at a pressure of 100-350 bar, most preferably at a pressure of 150-300 bar.
  • CO2 containing dissolved compounds is typically collected in a vessel where the pressure is lowered so that the dissolved compounds precipitate to form the crude extract.
  • the CO2 containing dissolved compounds is transported to a separator vessel, where the pressure is lowered, and the dissolved compounds precipitate to produce the crude CBD extract.
  • the industrial hemp material from which CBD is to be prepared typically contains significant amounts of the cannabidiol acid CBD A
  • the plant material or crude extract is subjected to a decarboxylation step to convert CBD A to CBD.
  • Decarboxylation is preferably carried out by heating the CBD A containing material to a temperature within the range of 90-130°C, more preferably within the range of 100-120°C.
  • the crude CBD extract is subjected to thin film evaporation to produce a refined extract.
  • Thin film evaporation is preferably performed at a temperature within the range of 100-160°C, more preferably within the range of 120-140°C.
  • thin film evaporation is performed at a pressure within the range of 8 x 10 -2 – 1 x 10 -3 mbar, preferably within the range of 6 x 10 -2 – 1 x 10 -3 mbar.
  • the main advantage of the SC CO 2 extraction is safety, since it is non-flammable, and is safer than the hydrocarbons or ethanol extraction methods. It only leaves behind minute quantities of CO 2 solvent residue, which quickly evaporates at room temperature.
  • the cannabis extract is transferred into an edible product or capsulated to mask the unpleasant taste and for an easier ingestion.
  • the concentrated extract is transferred into an appropriate carrier, such as MCT oil or ethanol, and is subsequently diluted to a proper concentration.
  • This final carrier solution is used to prepare tinctures, hemp oil, gummies, candy, capsules or sub lingual sprays.
  • Rick Simpson oil An exception to this approach is Rick Simpson oil, which can be consumed without an enhancement to improve the taste.
  • the extraction solvents used in the conventional extraction methods serve as a “middleman” in the cannabinoid extraction and concentration process.
  • Patents 10,308,625 and 9,950,275 after cleaning and grinding a root ball, the ground plant material is frozen, and, as customarily in the conventional methods, a solvent is added to the dry powder to produce a mixture. This mixture is poured through a sieve, such as cheese cloth material, to remove any suspended particles. The "purified” mixture is collected. In one embodiment, the "purified” mixture is subjected to heat while in a container for evaporating the solvent. In order to obtain CBD, the heat of less than 120 degrees Fahrenheit is applied. A desired cannabinoid is condensed and subsequently collected. A different approach for extracting CBD, THC, and other compounds from cannabis is presented in U.S. Patent 10,011,804 which uses a controlled cavitation.
  • This method includes drying the plant, grinding or chopping the plant, mixing the resulting pieces of the plant with a solvent to form a mixture, circulating the mixture through a controlled cavitation reactor to liberate CBD, THC, desirable oils, and other compounds from the pieces, and separating the liberated CBD, THC, desirable oils, and other compounds from the fluid.
  • the controlled cavitation device includes a housing within which a rotor can be rotated at a preselected and controllable speed by motor. Rotation of the rotor within the controlled cavitation device as the mixture is pumped through the cavitation zone induces highly energetic cavitation events in the mixture. These cavitation events induce highly energetic shock waves and corresponding highly intense and rapid pressure fluctuations that propagate through the mixture within the cavitation zone.
  • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an enhanced solvent- free method for gently extracting the phyto-cannabinoids, terpenes and the flavonoids from a cannabis/hemp plant and simultaneously infusing them into carrier oil using precisely controlled pressure/temperature reaction regime favorable for the therapeutically desirable substances and the carrier oils.
  • the subject method may be carried via the fabrication steps beginning with grinding the cannabis/hemp plant into fine particles using a rotating blade, a Hammer mill, or grinder.
  • the finely processed plant material is decarboxylated in an oven at 200° – 260°F for about one hour.
  • the decarboxylation stage may be alternatively applied to the final product by performing the post-extraction decarboxylation.
  • the finely processed plant material and a predetermined volume of the carrier oil of choice are entered into one or more enclosed extraction vessel(s) that is (are) subsequently tightly sealed.
  • the extraction vessel(s) can be fabricated from a glass, plastic, metal or other materials.
  • a stirring mechanism in the form of a rotating magnetic bar, stirring paddle or jets of air or oil
  • multiple extraction vessels may be simultaneously placed into the pressure reaction chamber (reactor).
  • Each extraction vessel can be equipped with a cover capable of tight sealing and having a vent for maintaining equilibrium between the pressure in the reactor and in the extraction vessel.
  • the subject method further continues with closing and tightly sealing the pressure reaction chamber.
  • an elevated pressure and increased reaction temperature are established in the pressure reaction to elevate the boiling point of the water/moisture in the plant material which allows enhanced diffusion of the phyto-cannabinoids, terpenes and the flavonoids into the carrier oil at an enhanced rate.
  • Undesirable plant components such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, are formed of large particles and remain as insoluble solids.
  • the enhanced pressure allows the reaction to proceed 30% faster and with 50-75% less energy.
  • the pressure is typically elevated to the level ranging between 11PSI and 15 PSI.
  • the elevated reaction temperature ranges from 230°F to 250°F, but not higher to maintain the reaction temperature below the boiling points of the majority of the cannabinoids and terpenes, as well as the carrier oil(s) in order to preserve these substances in the final infusion oil product.
  • the enhanced temperature and pressure gradient in the extraction vessel(s) drive the cannabinoids, flavonoids and terpenes into the carrier oil directly without requiring any intermediate solvent thus providing the “solvent-free” extraction method. Subsequently, the reaction chamber is allowed to cool.
  • the contents of the extraction vessel(s) are poured into a special press that in one iteration compresses the infused oil through a plate that has properly sized holes for passage of the infused oil, while leaving the undesirable plant material behind.
  • the contents of the extraction vessel(s) are poured into a screw press with an auger that has variable-sized flights that compress the extract in such a way to express the infused oil out through properly sized holes on the sides and into collection tray, while forcing the undesirable solids out through the distal opening at the end of the auger shaft into a collection container.
  • the compressed oil is subsequently filtered either by passage through a fine filter cloth (with openings of approximately 5-200 microns), a screen, an automated oil cleaner/filter, a sedimentation tank or filter aids to remove residual sediment or waxes.
  • the hermetically sealed extraction vessel containing the infused oil final product can be stored, as a whole, for a short or long period of time.
  • the above-presented method for preparing a full spectrum cannabis/hemp medicinal compound containing phyto-cannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids in naturally occurring proportions found in cannabis/hemp plants preferably uses whole hemp plants, green (freshly harvested) or dried hemp plant.
  • the carrier oil is the oil that helps preserve the potency and delivery of the active compounds within the final product.
  • the carrier oils used in the subject method have a high smoking point.
  • the extraction vessels may be filled with the same carrier oil, or extraction vessels may be filled with different carrier oils.
  • the carrier oils may include an oil selected from the coconut oil, Medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil, cold-pressed hemp oil, extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), black cumin oil, frankincense oil, etc.
  • the present invention constitutes a system for preparing a full spectrum cannabis/hemp medicinal compound containing phyto-cannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids in naturally occurring proportions found in cannabis/hemp plants.
  • the subject system includes a hemp plant entrance station to produce hemp plant fine particles material.
  • Such entrance station may be in the form of a grinder, a mill, or some other mechanism capable of processing plant to produce fine particles hemp plant material.
  • a pressure reaction chamber (also referred to herein as a reactor) is coupled to the entrance station to receive therefrom the fine particles hemp plant material.
  • the reactor is formed from a material (for example, stainless steel) capable of withstanding an elevated pressure of 15 PSI.
  • the reactor also is provided with means for hermetical sealing.
  • One or several extraction vessels, each capable of being hermetical sealed, is (are) installed in the reactor.
  • the extraction vessels have a lid capable of hermetical sealing.
  • a valve can be installed in the lid or a side wall of the extraction vessel to provide environmental (pressure/temperature) equilibrium between the interior of the reactor and the interior of each extraction vessel.
  • the extraction vessels may be interconnected in sequence to provide a pressure/temperature equilibrium therebetween.
  • each extraction vessel can have an individual exit piping for dislodging of the final infused oil product.
  • the individual exit pipes may be connected in a manifold type connection to form a collective exit for the final product from the reactor.
  • the extraction vessels receive a predetermined amount of carrier oil and the hemp plant fine particles material. Mixing mechanism nay be provided in each extraction vessel to mix the fine particles of the hemp plant with the carrier oil.
  • the pressure and the reaction temperature in the reactor are elevated to a predetermined level (about 15 PSI pressure and about 230-246 F temperature).
  • Phyto-cannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids are extracted from the hemp plant material in a solvent-devoid manner by exposing the hemp plant fine particles in each sealed extraction vessel to a reaction temperature maintained below a boiling point of each of the phyto-cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids, as well as the carrier oil.
  • the extracted phyto-cannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids are diffused into the carrier oil at an enhanced rate, thus producing the final infused oil product.
  • the subject system may be equipped with a storage stage operatively coupled to the exit of the reactor.
  • the exit piping of the extraction vessels enters the storage stage to output therein the final infused oil product from the reactor chamber.
  • the final infused oil product is a concentrated solvent-free detoxified full spectrum infused oil which can be stored in the storage stage for a short time or the long term (years, if needed).
  • the subject system also includes a final processing stage which may include a pressing unit, a filtration unit, as well as a dilution and packaging units.
  • the output infused oil is compressed through a plate formed with openings dimensioned to pass the infused oil while retaining some unwanted solids.
  • the compressed oil is filtered through a fine filter cloth to retain residual sediment from the compressed infused oil.
  • the subject system further includes an oven adapted for decarboxylating procedure.
  • the oven may be installed before the reactor for pre-extraction decarboxylating the hemp plant fine particles in the oven at a temperature ranging from 200F to 260F for a time period of about one hour.
  • the oven may be installed coupled to the output of the reactor for post-extraction decarboxylation of the infused oil final product.
  • the Figure is a flow chart representative of the subject solvent-free process for extraction and concentration of full spectrum CBD and other cannabinoids in a carrier oil.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT(S) Referring to the Figure, the subject system 10 is developed for supporting the method for preparing a full spectrum cannabis/hemp medicinal compound containing phyto-cannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids in naturally occurring proportions found in cannabis/hemp plants.
  • the system 10 includes a hemp plant entrance station 12 which receives, at the input 14, whole hemp plant(s) either freshly cut (green) or dried.
  • the hemp plant(s) follows to a grinding stage 16 of the entrance station 12 to expose the hemp plant(s) to an operation resulting in production of hemp plant fine particles material 18.
  • the grinding station 16 may be implemented in the form of a grinder, a mill, or some other mechanism capable of processing plant to produce fine particles hemp plant material 18.
  • the fine particles hemp plant material 18 is further transported (either manually or by a conveyor belt, or some other transporting mechanism) to a pressure reaction chamber (also referred to herein as a reactor) 20 which is operatively coupled at its entrance 22 to the grinding station 16 to receive therefrom the fine particles hemp plant material 18.
  • the reactor 20 is formed from a material (for example, stainless steel) capable of withstanding an elevated pressure of 15 PSI.
  • the reactor 20 also is provided with means for hermetical sealing the reactor to retain a reaction pressure inside of the reactor 20.
  • One or several extraction vessels 24 (also referred to herein a reaction vessel), each capable of being hermetical sealed, is (are) installed in the reactor 20.
  • the extraction vessels 24 are equipped with a lid 26 which can have a specific design capable of hermetical sealing the extraction vessel 24.
  • This may be an adjustable lid on each reaction vessel 24 to allow for equilibration of the pressure between the larger reaction chamber 20 (that contains a number of reaction vessels 24) and the interior of each reaction vessel 24. This can be mediated, for example, either by a “2-piece” lid with a plate that is deflectable or by the insertion of a pressure sensitive release valve 28 into the lid of each reaction vessel.
  • the valve 28 can be installed in the lid 26 (or, alternatively, in a side wall 30 of the extraction vessel 24) to support a pressure equilibrium between the inside of the reactor 20 and the inside of each extraction vessel 24.
  • the extraction vessels 24 may be interconnected in sequence through a piping 32 to provide pressure/temperature equilibrium between them.
  • each extraction vessel 24 can have an individual exit pipe 34 for dislodging the final infused oil product 36.
  • the individual exit pipes 34 may be interconnected in a manifold type connection to form a collective output 38 for unloading of the final product 36 from the reactor 20.
  • the extraction vessels 24 receive a predetermined amount of a carrier oil 40 and the hemp plant fine particles material 18.
  • a mixing mechanism may be provided in each extraction vessel 24 to mix the fine particles 18 of the hemp plant with the carrier oil 40.
  • the carrier oil is a substance that enhances the preservation properties, potency and delivery of the active compounds within the final product. It is of importance that the carrier oils 40 used in the subject method have a high smoking point so that the reaction temperature in the pressure reaction chamber 20 does not cause burning of the carrier oil filled in the extraction vessels 24.
  • the extraction vessels 24 may be filled with the same carrier oil 40. Alternatively, the extraction vessels 24 may be filled with different carrier oils.
  • the carrier oil(s) may be used which are selected from numerous carrier oils compatible with the particular process of the subject method.
  • the carrier oil 40 may be one of the coconut oil, Medium-Chain Triglyceride (MCT) oil, cold-pressed hemp oil, extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), black cumin oil, Frankincense oil, or their combinations.
  • the subject system 10 further includes a pressure source, for example, a pump 60, a heater 62, an a cooling unit 64, each operatively coupled to the reactor 20.
  • a pressure source for example, a pump 60, a heater 62, an a cooling unit 64, each operatively coupled to the reactor 20.
  • the pressure and the reaction temperature in the reactor 20 are elevated (by operating the pump 60 and the heater 62, respectively) to a predetermined level (about 15 PSI pressure and about 230°F-250° F, preferably, 246°F, temperature).
  • the combination of such pressure and reaction temperature provides the extraction conditions inside the reactor 20 (as well as in the extraction vessels 24) favorable for the intensive process where the phyto-cannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids are extracted from the hemp plant material 18 in a solvent-devoid manner.
  • the extracted phyto-cannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids are diffused into the carrier oil 40 at an enhanced rate, thus producing the final infused oil product 36 free of solvents residues and in a very efficient manner.
  • the subject system 10 may be equipped with a storage station 42 operatively coupled to the output 44 of the reactor 20.
  • the exit piping 38 of the extraction vessels 24 may be contemplated either in a collective implementation (exit pipes 38) or as individual pipes 34.
  • the infused oil final product 36 is a concentrated solvent-free detoxified full spectrum infused oil which can be stored in the storage station 42 for a short time or the long term (years, if needed).
  • the infused oil final product 36 contained in the extraction vessels 24 can be unloaded therefrom into a container at the storage station 42 through the exit piping 38.
  • the extraction vessel 24 containing the infused oil final product 36 and hermetically sealed to retain the contents therein can be removed from the reactor 20 and transferred to the storage station 42, as a whole, for a short term storage or a long term storage.
  • the subject system 10 also includes a final processing stage 48 which may include a pressing unit, a filtration unit, as well as a dilution and packaging units.
  • the infused oil final product 36 (either delivered from the extraction vessels 24 upon the extraction/infusion process is over, or from the storage station 42 after a desired storage period of time) is compressed through a plate formed with openings dimensioned to pass the infused oil while retaining some unwanted solids.
  • the compressed oil is filtered through a fine filter cloth to retain residual sediment from the compressed infused oil.
  • the subject system further includes an oven adapted for decarboxylating procedure.
  • the oven 50 may be installed between the entrance station 12 and the reactor 20 for pre-extraction decarboxylating the hemp plant fine particles in the oven 50 at a temperature ranging from 200°F to 260°F for a time period of about one hour.
  • the oven 52 may be installed coupled to the output 44 of the reactor 20 for post-extraction decarboxylation of the infused oil final product 36.
  • the desirable components phyto-cannabinoids, terpenes and the flavonoids for mediating the desired therapeutic effects
  • the effect of the solubility and boiling point temperature of the various components within the chamber 20 where the reaction occurs have been considered.
  • phytocannabinoids which include: ⁇ -9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabigerol (CBG), ⁇ -8-tetrahydrocannabinol ( ⁇ -8 THC) and tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV).
  • THC cannabidiol
  • CBD cannabinol
  • CBC cannabinol
  • CBC cannabigerol
  • CBG cannabigerol
  • ⁇ -8 THC ⁇ -8 THC
  • THCV tetrahydrocannabivarin
  • Some of these include: ⁇ -pinene, linalool, myrcene, limonene, B-caryophyllene, humulene, bisabolol, ocimene, valencene, terpinolene, geraniol, ⁇ -terpineol, nerolidol, phytol and pulegone.
  • Their boiling points range from 246.2°F to 435.2°F (119°C - 224°C).
  • the flavonoids which have boiling points that range from 273.2°F to 482°F (134°C - 250°C), are also representatives of the active compounds in the cannabis/hemp plant.
  • the afore-listed components When the afore-listed components are brought together in proper proportions (preferably, as exist naturally in the cannabis/hemp plant), they work together in a synergetic manner with enhanced therapeutic effects. This synergetic phenomenon is known as the Entourage Effect.
  • Most of the hemp plant (by weight) is composed of undesirable components. These undesirable components must be isolated and removed from the cannabis/hemp plant in order to create a useful product with therapeutic benefits.
  • dry weight the plant contains 73-77% w/w cellulose, 7-9% w/w hemicellulose and 4-6% w/w lignin, while the hemp shives contain 48% w/w cellulose, 21-25% w/w hemicellulose and 17- 19% w/w lignin.
  • the desirable active ingredients of the cannabis/hemp plant are all lipid soluble. Once they are separated from the plant material, they are usually dissolved in an organic solvent such as ethanol or medium chain fatty acid carrier oil.
  • organic solvent such as ethanol or medium chain fatty acid carrier oil.
  • Some popular carrier oils include: coconut oil, olive oil, avocado oil, almond oil, canola oil, flax oil, grapeseed oil, peanut oil, safflower oil, sunflower oil, walnut oil and butter.
  • the undesirable components have limited solubility in carrier oils, due to their large molecular size and complex structure. As a result, even under elevated temperature or pressure, the undesirable components remain intact as a solid and do not enter into the carrier oil.
  • the therapeutic compounds are all lipid soluble. Altering the temperature and pressure within the reaction chamber 20 can enhance the diffusion of lipid-soluble compounds into the carrier oil 40 of choice. Increasing the temperature of a compound increases its kinetic energy. The higher kinetic energy increases the motion of its molecules, breaking intermolecular bonds in the solids, thus causing the molecules to escape from the solids, increasing their solubility and ability to enter into the target solution (carrier oil).
  • the solubility of the phyto-cannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids is also increased so that these compounds are easily infused into a carrier oil, to produce a carrier-oil that has a high concentration of these active compounds.
  • reaction temperature in the reactor exceeds the smoke point of the carrier oil, the taste of the final product would be unpleasant, For this reason, it is desirable to keep the reaction temperature below 250°F, preferably below 246°F.
  • a “full spectrum” infusion oil can be produced that contains the majority of the active components (phyto-cannabinoids, terpenes and the flavonoids) found in the whole hemp plant.
  • Increasing the pressure has little effect on the liquids and solids in the reactor. However, increased pressure forces more of the gas molecules (especially water vapor) into solution, increasing their solubility as governed by Henry’s Law of Gases.
  • Even “dried” cannabis/hemp plant material contains a significant amount of water (14-20%).
  • the subject system/method are flexible enough to either process small batches of cannabis/hemp plant material or be scaled-up to handle 1000s of pounds of cannabis/hemp per day.
  • a single reactor chamber can be used to perform multiple tasks on the cannabis/hemp plant material which does not have to be transferred into another container.
  • the cannabis/hemp can be decarboxylated before or after the enhanced oil extraction/concentration in the same reaction chamber.
  • the subject system/method do not require advanced chemical processes of laboratory levels and thus the equipment and operating costs are lower than that of the supercritical CO 2 or ethanol extraction. Another advantage results from the fact that no solvents are used in the extraction/concentration process.
  • the subject enhanced oil extraction/concentration method is capable of removal trace heavy metals and other undesirable compounds, potentially detoxifying the cannabis/hemp plant material during extraction stage. Furthermore, the subject oil extraction/concentration method can process either green or dried cannabis/hemp plant material (using slightly different reaction time and conditions). The ability to process freshly harvested/green cannabis/hemp offers a substantial advantage over alternative conventional extraction methods that can only be performed on the dried material (moisture 12-16%). Being able to process green plant material, the subject system/method can avoid the drying stage and storage steps.
  • Green plant processing used in the subject system/method bypasses the expensive, energy intensive and time consuming “bottle-necks” in the harvesting and processing process. Immediate processing of the green cannabis/hemp plant may reduce the need for drying equipment, save energy and reduce the amount of warehouse space that is required to store and dry the cannabis/hemp plants in conventional approaches.
  • another important feature of the subject system/method is the ability to produce a sterile batch of hemp/CBD oil within a sealed container (extraction vessel 24, and/or the storage container 42).
  • the sealed container can be safely stored for long periods of time (possibly years) until it is ready for final processing (pressing, filtration, dilution, and final product packaging) at the final processing station 48.
  • the subject method gently extracts a full spectrum of the phyto-cannabinoids, terpenes and the flavonoids from a cannabis/hemp plant and directly infuses them into a carrier oil using precisely controlled, enhanced pressure and temperature regime. This process prevents the inadvertent loss of the desirable therapeutic components of the hemp plant due to vaporization at excessive reaction temperatures.
  • concentrated full spectrum infusion oil with the preserved synergy of the Entourage effect is produced in the efficient and expedited manner.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Alternative & Traditional Medicine (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)

Abstract

Un procédé de préparation d'une substance médicinale contenant un spectre complet de substances thérapeutiquement recherchées dans des proportions naturelles trouvées dans des plants de chanvre est réalisé par broyage d'un plant de chanvre entier pour produire un matériau à fines particules, et par exposition du matériau à fines particules à une pression élevée (11 PSI à 15 PSI) et à une température de réaction maintenue dans une plage de 230 F à 250 F qui est inférieure à un point d'ébullition des phyto-cannabinoïdes, terpènes et flavonoïdes, ce qui permet de garantir des conditions améliorées pour l'extraction sans solvant des substances thérapeutiquement recherchées et de diffuser les substances extraites dans l'huile support à un taux amélioré. Ainsi, un produit final à base d'huile infusée contient des phyto-cannabinoïdes, des terpènes et des flavonoïdes à spectre complet dans des proportions naturelles.
PCT/US2022/012948 2022-01-19 2022-01-19 Procédé d'extraction et de concentration sans solvant d'un spectre complet de cannabinoïdes dans une huile support WO2023140834A1 (fr)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20200188461A1 (en) * 2016-05-06 2020-06-18 Harvest Direct Enterprises Llc Manufacturing methods, compositions, and medical applications of orally administered cannabis pharmaceuticals using representative/total/complete cannabis extractions (cannabis infused pills)
US20200188812A1 (en) * 2016-04-14 2020-06-18 Capna Ip Capital, Llc Selective Extraction of Cannabinoids, Pigments, and Lipids from Plant Matter
WO2020252593A1 (fr) * 2019-06-21 2020-12-24 Hexo Operations Inc. Traitement à l'échelle industrielle de substance de cannabis
US20210030824A1 (en) * 2019-07-26 2021-02-04 Biomass Oil Separation Solutions, Llc Modular, integrated process and apparatus for extracting, refining and remediating active substances from plant material
US20210363083A1 (en) * 2017-07-07 2021-11-25 Orochem Technologies Inc. Process for separating a constituent/cannabinoid using a chromatographic resin

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20200188812A1 (en) * 2016-04-14 2020-06-18 Capna Ip Capital, Llc Selective Extraction of Cannabinoids, Pigments, and Lipids from Plant Matter
US20200188461A1 (en) * 2016-05-06 2020-06-18 Harvest Direct Enterprises Llc Manufacturing methods, compositions, and medical applications of orally administered cannabis pharmaceuticals using representative/total/complete cannabis extractions (cannabis infused pills)
US20210363083A1 (en) * 2017-07-07 2021-11-25 Orochem Technologies Inc. Process for separating a constituent/cannabinoid using a chromatographic resin
WO2020252593A1 (fr) * 2019-06-21 2020-12-24 Hexo Operations Inc. Traitement à l'échelle industrielle de substance de cannabis
US20210030824A1 (en) * 2019-07-26 2021-02-04 Biomass Oil Separation Solutions, Llc Modular, integrated process and apparatus for extracting, refining and remediating active substances from plant material

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