WO2023138553A1 - 一种新型co2海上转运和封存系统 - Google Patents

一种新型co2海上转运和封存系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023138553A1
WO2023138553A1 PCT/CN2023/072515 CN2023072515W WO2023138553A1 WO 2023138553 A1 WO2023138553 A1 WO 2023138553A1 CN 2023072515 W CN2023072515 W CN 2023072515W WO 2023138553 A1 WO2023138553 A1 WO 2023138553A1
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Prior art keywords
storage
tank
pressure
pipeline
sequestration
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PCT/CN2023/072515
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郑炜
张义明
彭贵胜
孙强
张林涛
郭强
片成荣
彭东升
潘帅
杜欣
吴楠
马俊
常立勇
吕岩
张梅
杨阳
孙凯强
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大连船舶重工集团有限公司
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Publication of WO2023138553A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023138553A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C6/00—Methods and apparatus for filling vessels not under pressure with liquefied or solidified gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/30—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for transfer at sea between ships or between ships and off-shore structures
    • B63B27/34—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for transfer at sea between ships or between ships and off-shore structures using pipe-lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B25/00—Packaging other articles presenting special problems
    • B65B25/06—Packaging slices or specially-shaped pieces of meat, cheese, or other plastic or tacky products
    • B65B25/10—Forming sector-shaped packages of cheese or like plastic products
    • B65B25/12—Forming sector-shaped packages of cheese or like plastic products and enclosing in circular containers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/007—Underground or underwater storage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/12—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge with provision for thermal insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/002—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for vessels under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/005—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for medium-size and small storage vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/04—Arrangement or mounting of valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/04—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by insulating layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/02—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/05—Vessel or content identifications, e.g. labels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/013—Carbone dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0192—Propulsion of the fluid by using a working fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/04—Methods for emptying or filling
    • F17C2227/044—Methods for emptying or filling by purging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0486—Indicating or measuring characterised by the location
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0118—Offshore
    • F17C2270/0128—Storage in depth

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) capture, transport and storage (CCUS), and more specifically refers to the process of separating CO 2 from industrial processes, energy utilization or the atmosphere, and storing it in land or marine geological layers to achieve permanent reduction of CO 2 emissions.
  • CO 2 carbon dioxide
  • CCUS transport and storage
  • CCUS technology can effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the short term; the development of CCUS technology helps to coordinate and resolve the conflict between the use of fossil energy and the policy of reducing carbon emissions; the development of CCUS is also the main technical means to maintain the flexibility of the power system under the goal of carbon neutrality; the development of CCUS technology also provides solutions for energy-intensive industries to achieve zero emissions, which helps to enhance China's right to speak on the international low-carbon road.
  • the present invention is a novel CO2 marine transshipment and storage system, which is mainly composed of five parts: CO2 transmission, CO2 loading and unloading, CO2 transportation, CO2 injection and CO2 storage.
  • the CO2 onshore storage terminal is transported to the CO2 filling device through the land pipeline, and the CO2 transport ship is filled.
  • the CO2 transfer system is used to unload the terminal, and the CO2 is transported to the CO2 injection module through the pipeline and injected into the land or seabed CO2 storage.
  • the CO2 onshore storage terminal is transported to the CO2 offshore floating storage device through pipelines.
  • the CO2 transport ship moors with it in series or side by side, and completes the CO2 filling through hose transmission.
  • the CO2 unloading is completed through hose transmission, and the CO2 is transferred to the CO2 offshore injection platform through the inner turret device, submarine pipeline and underwater riser, and injected through the seabed wellhead Seabed CO2 storage.
  • the CO2 onshore storage terminal is transported to the CO2 offshore floating storage device with an internal turret through pipelines. After the CO2 offshore floating storage device with an internal turret reaches the target sea area, it is transported to the CO2 offshore injection platform through the internal turret device, submarine pipeline and underwater riser, and injected into the seabed CO2 storage site through the subsea wellhead for storage.
  • the land pipelines, submarine pipelines, underwater risers, and hoses mentioned above must have the characteristics of heat preservation and pressure resistance.
  • the phase state of CO2 transported in the pipeline can be gaseous, liquid and supercritical.
  • the CO2 in the pipeline is when CO2 is liquid, the pressure range in the pipeline: 0.4 ⁇ 7.39MPa.
  • the temperature in the pipeline is >31.3 degrees Celsius, and the pressure in the pipeline is >7.39MPa.
  • the pressure range in the pipeline 0 ⁇ 7.39MPa.
  • CO2 transport ships use C-type tanks for storage, and the CO2 storage pressure of C-type tanks is 0.4MPa to 2.1MPa.
  • the novel CO2 marine transshipment and storage system of the present invention realizes the efficient transportation of CO2 , thereby providing conditions for CO2 storage, promoting the development of the carbon trading market, and realizing higher economic value.
  • the present invention provides a CO 2 deep-sea marine sequestration method with low cost and high efficiency, and the liquid CO 2 storage tank can be used repeatedly. , including the following states:
  • the sequestration tank includes a tank body that stores liquid CO2 and is provided with a thermal insulation layer.
  • the two sides of the tank body are respectively provided with a discharge device and an injection device for a one-way valve body.
  • the center of gravity of the tank body is biased to the side of the discharge device;
  • a nitrogen generator is installed on the side of the injection device in the tank;
  • the discharge device includes a pressure-controlled release device;
  • the seal tank is also a pressure-controlled valve body;
  • the pressure in the sealing tank increases and reaches the opening pressure of the relief device, and the relief device is opened to realize pressure relief;
  • the nitrogen generating device works to generate nitrogen, the sealing tank discharges seawater, and the sealing tank floats; the discharge device is closed;
  • the sealing tank floats out of the sea and is recycled again.
  • the sealing tank realizes that the center of gravity is shifted to the side of the discharge device by fixing a weight.
  • the storage tank is fixed with a satellite positioning device for positioning during recovery.
  • the storage tank is provided with position monitoring equipment for determining the sinking depth of the storage tank; the injection device and the discharge device are respectively equipped with remote control opening and closing devices for monitoring the opening and closing of the storage tank at a certain depth.
  • the maximum allowable pressure of the storage tank is 30 bar, and the CO 2 storage depth in step S6 is at least 1000 m.
  • the present invention aims at the ocean storage of liquid CO2 , the problem of the path from the sea surface to the deep sea, and invented a self-recovery CO2 transport storage tank, which can be recycled repeatedly and solves the cost problem; invented a pressure self-unloading CO2 transport storage tank, relying on pressure control, safe and reliable operation, and solved the problem of human control; invented a suspension type CO2 transport storage tank, which is suspended in seawater to discharge liquid CO2 , which solves the problem of seabed sediment adsorption and non-recyclability.
  • Fig. 1 is a general layout diagram of the CO 2 onshore storage of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a general layout diagram of the CO 2 seabed storage of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is the first part of the system flowchart of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is the second part of the system flowchart of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is the third part of the system flowchart of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is the fourth part of the system flowchart of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid CO2 transportation and storage tank used in the method of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the discharge device in the storage tank in Fig. 7 .
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the state of a ship carrying liquid CO2 transport storage tanks in the method of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the process of realizing CO2 in the sequestration area.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the state where the storage tank completes the release of liquid CO 2 .
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the process of returning the storage tank.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the recovery state of the storage tank.
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the state of the ship completing the recovery of the sealing tank.
  • Figure 1 shows the general layout of CO2 onshore storage.
  • CO2 produced by 1 -industrial activities is collected by the 2- CO2 capture module and stored in the 3- CO2 onshore storage terminal in liquid form.
  • the liquid CO2 is delivered to the 4-onshore CO2 filling arm to fill the 7- CO2 transport ship docked at the dock.
  • the CO2 stored in the 3- CO2 land storage terminal can also be transmitted to the 16-soft rigid arm single point mooring device through 6-submarine CO2 transmission pipeline and 13-submerged riser, and then transmitted to 7- CO2 transport ship through 17-jump transfer hose for refueling.
  • 9-Floating CO 2 storage devices equipped with internal turrets can be set up in coastal waters. Transported to 8-co2 transport ships that adopt tandem mooring and 10- co2 transport ships that adopt side mooring, in order to improve the loading and unloading efficiency of CO2 , multiple 11-catenary single-point mooring devices can be installed. Mooring device, the 7- CO2 transport ship is moored with the 11- catenary single point mooring device through the 14-mooring line, and the CO2 is transferred from the 11-catenary single point mooring device to the 7- CO2 transport ship through the 12 floating hose. In addition to the above-mentioned modes, 1- CO2 generated by industrial activities is collected by 2- CO2 capture module and then transported in liquid form through 6-seabed CO2 pipeline to 18-floating CO2 storage device, which will directly transport CO2 .
  • the CO2 can be remotely transmitted to the 3- CO2 onshore storage terminal through the 13-underwater riser, the pre- laid 6-submarine CO2 pipeline and the 5 onshore pipeline.
  • FIG. 2 is the general layout of CO 2 seabed storage.
  • the CO 2 produced by industrial activities is collected by the 2-CO 2 capture module and stored in liquid form in the 3-CO 2 onshore storage terminal.
  • the liquid CO2 is delivered to the 4-onshore CO2 filling arm to fill the 7- CO2 transport ship docked at the dock.
  • the CO2 stored in the 3- CO2 land storage terminal can also be transmitted to the 16-soft rigid arm single point mooring device through 6-submarine CO2 transmission pipeline and 13-submerged riser, and then transmitted to 7- CO2 transport ship through 17-jump transfer hose for refueling.
  • transfer CO2 to the 3- CO2 land storage terminal through the 22- CO2 transfer system, transfer CO2 to the 23- CO2 injection module, and connect the 6-submarine CO2 delivery pipeline to the 26-submarine wellhead to inject CO2 into the 25-submarine CO2 storage site.
  • 1-CO 2 produced by industrial activities is collected by 2-CO 2 capture module and then transported in liquid form through 6-submarine CO 2 pipeline to 18-floating CO 2 storage device for direct CO 2 transshipment.
  • CO2 can be transferred to the 28- CO2 filling module on the 27-jacket CO2 filling platform through the 13-subsea riser and the pre-laid 6-seabed CO2 pipeline, and the CO2 can be injected into the 25-subsea CO2 storage site through the connection between the 13-subsea riser and 26-seabed wellhead.
  • the storage device is moored connected with the 11-catenary single point mooring device through the 14-mooring line, and the CO is connected through the 12-floating hose 2 Transfer to 11 - Catenary Single Point Mooring, 18 - Floating CO 2
  • the storage device can also be moored with a 16-soft rigid boom single point mooring device, and the CO 2 Transfer to 16-Soft Rigid Boom Single Point Mooring, after CO 2 Transmitted via 13 subsea risers and 6 subsea pipelines to 27-jacket CO 2 28-CO on filling platform 2 Filling module, through 13-subsea riser connected to 26-subsea wellhead 2 Inject 25-subsea CO 2 storage place.
  • the present invention designs a self-recovery, pressure self-unloading, and suspension CO2 transportation and storage tank, which includes a tank body 95 for storing liquid CO2 .
  • the strength of the tank body 95 is designed according to the depth of the water to be sealed. It has a set of pressure-controlled injection devices 91, a set of pressure-controlled discharge devices 92, a set of positioning system devices 93, a set of chemical method nitrogen generating devices 94, and pressure-controlled release devices 96.
  • the liquid CO2 tank body 95 is designed in the shape of a capsule.
  • the shape design of the capsule is conducive to keeping the upper and lower ends constant during the process of sinking and floating, avoiding turning over, and being beneficial to pressure control.
  • the center of gravity is at the center, and most of the weight of the device is concentrated at one end of the discharge device 92, the overall design of the center of gravity of the liquid CO2 tank is biased toward the end of the discharge device 92, so that the tank sinks vertically along the longitudinal direction of the tank when sinking.
  • the tank 95 for storing liquid CO2 can withstand internal and external pressures above 30bar, and is optimized to be designed in a capsule shape, which is conducive to keeping the upper and lower ends constant during the process of sinking and floating, avoiding turning over, and facilitating pressure control.
  • the pressure-controlled injection device 91 in the application of the pressure-controlled injection device 91 involved in the present invention, when the external pressure of the tank body 95 caused by seawater is greater than the internal pressure, the pressure-controlled injection device 91 is automatically opened due to the pressure. In the optimal mode, the pressure-controlled injection device 91 is used. By designing the opening size of the injection device 91, the speed of seawater inflow is controlled, and the pressure difference is still increased with the sinking depth; in addition, when a large amount of seawater flows into the CO2 tank, the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the liquid CO2 tank is zero, and the pressure-controlled injection device 91 is automatically closed.
  • the Chinese patent "An industrial bus-type marine LNG fuel security control device" (patent number CN201721324589.6) involves a similar device, and the injection device 91 of the present invention can be used after simple modification and experimental determination of parameters.
  • the pressure-controlled discharge device 92 involved in the present invention, when the liquid CO2 tank sinks to 1000m underwater and the external pressure of the tank body 95 caused by seawater reaches the design pressure, due to the effect of pressure, the pressure The force-controlled ejector 92 opens automatically.
  • the discharge device 2 is designed with a gas escape device 97 to prevent the tank from sinking when the nitrogen gas is discharged.
  • the Chinese patent "An industrial bus-type marine LNG fuel security control device" (patent number CN201721324589.6) involves a similar device, and the discharge device 2 of the present invention can be used after simple modification and experimental determination of parameters.
  • the pressure-controlled relief device 96 involved in the present invention is heated by seawater during the sinking process of the liquid CO2 tank, the temperature of the liquid CO2 will rise, and the internal pressure will increase, and the pressure-controlled relief device 96 will automatically open to release the pressure and maintain the internal pressure at 30 bar.
  • a pressure-controlled relief device 96 is arranged on the pressure-controlled discharge device 92 .
  • the release device can be selected from the similar device involved in the Chinese patent CN202021137650.8 "A Safe Release Pipeline Device for LPG Ships", which can be used after parameters are determined through simple modification and experiments.
  • the applied chemical method nitrogen generating device 94 involved in the present invention when the liquid CO2 tank sinks to 1000m underwater and the external pressure of the tank body 95 caused by seawater reaches the design pressure, due to the pressure effect, the pressure controlled nitrogen generating device 94 is automatically opened, and the applied chemical method generates nitrogen.
  • the nitrogen generating device 94 can be selected from the similar device involved in the Chinese patent CN201910182443.X "An Emergency Life-Saving Device for Submarines and Surface Ships Using Chemical Energy", which can be used after parameters are determined through simple modification and experiments.
  • the positioning system device 93 involved in the present invention when the liquid CO2 tank floats out of the sea by buoyancy, the positioning system 93 is used to find the tank.
  • the delivery status As shown in Figure 10, the delivery status. Firstly, the hatch at the bottom of the release and recovery ship is opened, and the liquid CO2 tank is dropped into the sea. One end of the discharge device 92 is downward. Since the center of gravity is down and the center of buoyancy is at the center, the liquid CO2 tank is in a vertical state. Because the liquid CO2 tank is heavier than seawater, the liquid CO2 tank sinks.
  • the external pressure of the tank body 95 caused by seawater is 31 bar, which is greater than the internal pressure. Due to the pressure, the pressure control injection device 91 is automatically opened, and seawater flows in.
  • the liquid CO2 tank continues to sink, and a part of seawater enters the tank body 95, reducing the pressure difference of the tank body 95; because the CO2 tank sinks faster, the resistance of the seawater is greater, and when a certain speed is reached, the resistance of the seawater is equal to the gravity of the CO2 tank, and the sinking speed of the CO2 tank does not increase.
  • Design the opening size of the injection device 91 by calculating the sinking speed of the CO2 tank, control the speed of seawater inflow, keep the pressure difference within 30bar, and still increase with the sinking depth.
  • the tank 95 filled with liquid CO2 and seawater continues to sink.
  • the pressure difference increases to 20-30bar or more. Due to the pressure, the pressure-controlled discharge device 92 opens, and a large amount of seawater flows into the CO2 tank. Under 1000m, liquid CO 2 relies on gravity to flow out of the tank and dissolve in the sea to achieve the purpose of storage.
  • the tank body 95 floats out of the sea.

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Abstract

一种CO 2海上转运和封存系统，由CO 2传输、CO 2装卸、CO 2运输、CO 2注入、CO 2封存五部分组成；具备码头装载条件时，CO 2陆上存储终端（3）通过陆上管道（5）输送至CO 2加注装置，对CO 2运输船进行加注，到达目的地后通过CO 2转运系统（22）进行码头卸载，通过管道传输至CO 2注入模块（23）注入陆上或海底CO 2封存地封存；不具备码头装载条件时，CO 2陆上存储终端（3）通过管道输送至CO 2海上浮式存储装置，CO 2运输船通过采用串靠或旁靠的方式与其系泊，通过软管传输完成CO 2的加注，CO 2运输船到达目标海域后，通过内转塔装置、海底管道（6）和水下立管（13）传输至CO 2海上注入平台，通过海底井口（26）注入海底CO 2封存地（25）封存。

Description

一种新型CO2海上转运和封存系统 技术领域
本发明涉及二氧化碳(CO2)捕集、运输与封存(CCUS)领域，更具体的说是指将CO2从工业过程、能源利用或大气中分离出来，封存入陆地或海洋地质层以实现CO2永久减排的过程。
背景技术
碳中和目标下，大力发展CCUS技术不仅是未来我国减少二氧化碳排放、保障能源安全的战略选择，而且是构建生态文明和实现可持续发展的重要手段。相较于发展新型替代能源，CCUS技术可以在短期内有效减少温室气体排放；发展CCUS技术有助于协调解决化石能源的使用与减少碳排放的政策之间的冲突；发展CCUS也是碳中和目标下保持电力系统灵活性的主要技术手段；发展CCUS技术还为能源密集型产业实现零排放提供方案，有助于提升中国在国际低碳道路上的话语权。
我国高度重视CCUS技术发展，已稳步推进该技术陆上研发与应用。但相比于国外，我国对海洋CO2封存研究起步较晚，CO2海洋运输与海底封存更是空白。海洋碳封存相比于陆上碳封存潜力巨大，远离人居区域，可靠性和环境友好性上更具优势。我国主要碳排放源分布在我国沿海区域，相邻的近海盆地均具备较好的碳封存条件；在海洋碳封存涉及的船舶与海工装备领域我国具备雄厚的设计制造实力，已具备开展海洋CCUS的有利基础条件。海洋碳封存虽然比陆上碳封存成本略高，但由于海上运输的灵活性，海底封存的建设可以服务于更广阔的碳源；随着国内碳税政策和碳交易市场发展，实施海洋CCUS在经济性上也将更具可行性。
发明内容
针对上述问题，需要发明一种新型CO2海上转运和封存系统，以实现CO2的高效运输，从而为CO2的封存提供条件，也可以促进碳交易市场发展，实现较高的经济价值。
本发明一种新型CO2海上转运和封存系统，主要由CO2传输、CO2装卸、CO2运输、CO2注入、CO2封存五部分组成。
具备码头装载条件，CO2陆上存储终端通过陆上管道输送至CO2加注装置，对CO2运输船进行加注，到达目的地后通过CO2转运系统进行码头卸载，通过管道传输至CO2注入模块注入陆上或海底CO2封存地封存。
不具备码头装载条件，CO2陆上存储终端通过管道输送至CO2海上浮式存储装置，CO2运输船通过采用串靠或旁靠的方式与其系泊，通过软管传输完成CO2的加注，CO2运输船到达目标海域后，通过串靠或旁靠的方式与具有内转塔的CO2海上浮式存储装置系泊定位，通过软管传输完成CO2的卸载，通过内转塔装置、海底管道和水下立管传输至CO2海上注入平台，通过海底井口注入海底CO2封存地封存。
不具备码头装载条件时，CO2陆上存储终端通过管道输送至具有内转塔的CO2海上浮式存储装置，具有内转塔的CO2海上浮式存储装置到达目标海域后，通过内转塔装置、海底管道和水下立管传输至CO2海上注入平台，通过海底井口注入海底CO2封存地封存。
上文陆上管道、海底管道、水中立管、软管、都要具有保温、耐压的特性。管道中传输的CO2相态可以是气态、液态和超临界态。
管道中的CO2为CO2为液态时，管道中的压力范围：0.4～7.39MPa。管道中的CO2为超临界状态时，管道中温度>31.3摄氏度，管道中的压力>7.39MPa。管道中的CO2为气态时，管道中的压力范围：0～7.39MPa。
CO2运输船采用C型罐存储，C型罐的CO2存储压力为0.4MPa～2.1MPa时。
采用本发明的技术方案，能得到以下的有益效果在于，适用于任何条件下的CO2海上转运和封存。本发明新型CO2海上转运和封存系统，以实现CO2的高效运输，从而为CO2的封存提供条件，也可以促进碳交易市场发展，实现较高的经济价值。
为了达到本发明的封存目的，本发明提供一种成本低、效率高，液态CO2封存罐可反复运用的CO2深海海洋封存方法。，包括如下状态：
S1、液态CO2注入到封存罐中，所述封存罐包括存储液态CO2设有隔热层的罐体，所述罐体的两侧分别设置排出装置和单向阀体的注入装置，所述罐体的重心偏向所述排出装置一侧；所述罐体内位于所述注入装置一侧设置氮气发生装置；所述排出装置包括用压力控制的泄放装置；所述封存罐也为压力控制的阀体；
S2、通过船舶将所述封存罐运载到海洋封存区；
S3、将所述封存罐投入海水中，由于重心作用，所述封存罐成垂直状态下沉，所述排出装置一侧位于底端；
S4、所述封存罐内的压力增大，到达泄放装置的开启压力，所述泄放装置开启，实现压力泄放；
S5、当封存罐下沉到外部海水压力到达所述注入装置的开启压力，所述注入装置开启，海水流入所述封存罐；
S6、当封存罐下沉到CO2封存深度，所述注入装置和所述排出装置完全开启，液态CO2流出所述封存罐，直至完成泄放，外部海水完全进入所述封存罐，所述注入装置关闭；
S7、氮气发生装置工作，产生氮气，所述封存罐排出海水，所述封存罐上浮；所述排出装置关闭；
S8、所述封存罐浮出海面，再次回收利用。
一种优选方式下，所述封存罐通过固定重物实现重心偏向所述排出装置一侧。
一种优选方式下，所述封存罐固定有用于回收时定位用的卫星定位装置。
一种优选方式下，所述封存罐设置位置监测设备，用于确定所述封存罐下沉的深度；所述注入装置和所述所述排出装置分别设置遥控开启关闭装置，用于监测到所述封存罐位于确定深度下的开启和关闭。
最优方式下，所述封存罐的容许的最大压力为30bar，步骤S6所述CO2封存深度最小为1000m。
综上，本发明针对液态CO2的海洋封存，从海面上到深海的路径问题，发明了一种自回收式CO2运输封存罐，可以反复回收利用，解决了成本问题；发明了一种压力自卸式CO2运输封存罐，依靠压力控制，操作安全可靠，解决了人为控制问题；发明了一种悬浮式CO2运输封存罐，在海水中悬浮排出液态CO2，解决了海底泥沙吸附，不可回收问题。
附图说明
图1是本发明的CO2陆上封存总布置图。
图2是本发明的CO2海底封存总布置图。
图3是本发明的系统流程图第一部分。
图4是本发明的系统流程图第二部分。
图5是本发明的系统流程图第三部分。
图6是本发明的系统流程图第四部分。
图7是本发明方法中使用的液态CO2运输封存罐结构示意图。
图8是图7中封存罐中排出装置的局部结构示意图。
图9是本发明方法中船舶运载液态CO2运输封存罐的状态示意图。
图10是封存区实现CO2的过程示意图。
图11是封存罐完成液态CO2释放的状态示意图。
图12是封存罐返回的过程示意图。
图13是封存罐回收的状态示意图。
图14是船舶完成封存罐回收的状态示意图。
附图中部分标记分别为：
1-工业活动产生的CO2，2-CO2捕捉模块，3-CO2陆上存储终端，4-陆上CO2加注臂，5-陆上CO2输送管道，6-海底CO2输送管道，7-储罐式CO2运输船，8-采用串靠系泊的CO2运输船，9-装备内转塔的浮式CO2储存装置，10-采用旁靠系泊的CO2运输船，11-悬链式单点系泊装置，12-漂浮软管，13-水下立管，14-系泊缆绳，15-系泊锚链，16-软刚臂单点系泊装置，17-传输软管，18-浮式CO2储存装置，19-导管架式CO2增压传输平台，20-CO2增压传输模块，21-CO2装卸码头，22-CO2转运系统，23-CO2注入模块，24-陆上CO2封存地。25-海底CO2封存地，26-海底井口，27-导管架式CO2加注平台，28-CO2加注模块。
具体实施方式
图1为CO2陆上封存总布置图，1-工业活动产生的CO2通过2-CO2捕捉模块收集后以液态形式储存于3-CO2陆上存储终端中，当CO2需要封存时，由于距离26-陆上封存地较远，需要进行CO2转运。通过5-陆上CO2输送管道，将液态CO2输送至4-陆上CO2加注臂对码头停靠的7-CO2运输船进行加注。也可通过6-海底CO2输送管道与13-水下立管将3-CO2陆上存储终端存储的CO2传输至11-悬链式单点系泊装置，再通过12-漂浮软管传输至7-CO2运输船进行加注。还可通过6-海底CO2输送管道与13-水下立管将3-CO2陆上存储终端存储的CO2传输至16-软刚臂式单点系泊装置，再通过17-跨接传输软管传输至7-CO2运输船进行加注。
为了提高CO2的储存和传输效率，可以在近岸海域设置9-装备内转塔的浮式CO2储存装置，1-工业活动产生的CO2通过2-CO2捕捉模块收集后以液态形式通过6-海底CO2输送管道传输至9-装备内转塔的浮式CO2储存装置上，再传 输至8-采用串靠系泊的CO2运输船与10-采用旁靠系泊的CO2运输船上，为了提高CO2的装卸效率可以设置多个11-悬链式单点系泊装置，11-悬链式单点系泊装置通过15-系泊锚链固定在海底，通过6海底管道与13水下立管将9-装备内转塔的浮式CO2储存装置中存储的CO2传输至11-悬链式单点系泊装置，7-CO2运输船通过14-系泊缆与11-悬链式单点系泊装置系泊连接，通过12漂浮软管将CO2由11-悬链式单点系泊装置传输至7-CO2运输船上。除了上述模式外，1-工业活动产生的CO2通过2-CO2捕捉模块收集后以液态形式通过6-海底CO2输送管道传输至18-浮式CO2储存装置，由其直接进行CO2的转运。
对于CO2陆上封存方式，7-CO2运输船航行至目标海域时，如果满足码头卸载的条件，靠泊21-码头，通过22-CO2转运系统将CO2传输至3-CO2陆上存储终端，通过5陆上管道将CO2传输至23-CO2注入模块，注入24-陆上CO2封存地进行封存。
满载CO2的9-装备内转塔的浮式CO2储存装置到达目标海域后，如果目标海域不具备码头卸载条件，可以通过13-水下立管与预先铺设的6-海底CO2管道与5陆上管道远距离将CO2传输至3-CO2陆上存储终端，通过5陆上管道将CO2传输至23-CO2注入模块，注入24-陆上CO2封存地进行封存。还可以通过19-导管架式CO2增压传输平台进行CO2远距离传输，7-CO2运输船与18-浮式CO2储存装置通过14-系泊缆与11-悬链式单点系泊装置系泊连接，通过12漂浮软管将CO2传输至11-悬链式单点系泊装置，7-CO2运输船与18-浮式CO2储存装置也可以与16-软刚臂单点系泊装置系泊连接，通过17-跨接传输软管将CO2传输至16-软刚臂单点系泊装置，之后CO2经由6海底管道与13水下立管传输至19-导管架式CO2增压传输平台，通过20-CO2增压传输模块加压后通过6-海底CO2输送管道与5-陆上CO2输送管道传输至23-CO2注入模块，注入24-陆上CO2封存地进行封存。
为了提高卸载效率，也可以设置多个11-悬链式单点系泊装置，9-装备内转塔的浮式CO2储存装置完成转运后，作为将CO2传输中转站，8-采用串靠系泊的CO2运输船和10-采用旁靠系泊的CO2运输船与9-装备内转塔的浮式CO2储存装置系泊连接后向其传输CO2，此外7-CO2运输船还可以通过14-系泊缆与11-悬链式单点系泊装置系泊连接，通过12漂浮软管将CO2传输至11-悬链式单点系泊装置，然后通过6海底管道与13水下立管将CO2传输至9-装备内转塔的浮式CO2储存装置中存储，可以通过13-水下立管与预先铺设的6海底CO2管道与5陆上管道将CO2传输至3-CO2陆上存储终端，通过5陆上管道将CO2传输至 23-CO2注入模块，注入24-陆上CO2封存地进行封存。
海上也有很多的废弃油田，图2为CO2海底封存总布置图，图中1-工业活动产生的CO2通过2-CO2捕捉模块收集后以液态形式储存于3-CO2陆上存储终端中，当CO2需要封存时，由于距离26-陆上封存地较远，需要进行CO2转运。通过5-陆上CO2输送管道，将液态CO2输送至4-陆上CO2加注臂对码头停靠的7-CO2运输船进行加注。也可通过6-海底CO2输送管道与13-水下立管将3-CO2陆上存储终端存储的CO2传输至11-悬链式单点系泊装置，再通过12-漂浮软管传输至7-CO2运输船进行加注。还可通过6-海底CO2输送管道与13-水下立管将3-CO2陆上存储终端存储的CO2传输至16-软刚臂式单点系泊装置，再通过17-跨接传输软管传输至7-CO2运输船进行加注。到达目的地后靠泊21-码头，通过22-CO2转运系统将CO2传输至3-CO2陆上存储终端，将CO2传输至23-CO2注入模块，通过6-海底CO2输送管道与26-海底井口连接将CO2注入25-海底CO2封存地。
为了提高CO2的储存和传输效率，可以在近岸海域设置9-装备内转塔的浮式CO2储存装置，1-工业活动产生的CO2通过2-CO2捕捉模块收集后以液态形式通过6-海底CO2输送管道传输至9-装备内转塔的浮式CO2储存装置上，再传输至8-采用串靠系泊的CO2运输船与10-采用旁靠系泊的CO2运输船上，为了提高CO2的装卸效率可以设置多个11-悬链式单点系泊装置，11-悬链式单点系泊装置通过15-系泊锚链固定在海底，通过6海底管道与13水下立管将9-装备内转塔的浮式CO2储存装置中存储的CO2传输至11-悬链式单点系泊装置，7-CO2运输船通过14-系泊缆与11-悬链式单点系泊装置系泊连接，通过12漂浮软管将CO2由11-悬链式单点系泊装置传输至7-CO2运输船上。除了上述模式外，1-工业活动产生的CO2通过2-CO2捕捉模块收集后以液态形式通过6-海底CO2输送管道传输至18-浮式CO2储存装置，由其直接进行CO2的转运。
满载CO2的9-装备内转塔的浮式CO2储存装置到达目标海域后，可以通过13-水下立管与预先铺设的6-海底CO2管道将CO2传输至27-导管架式CO2加注平台上的28-CO2加注模块，通过13-水下立管与26-海底井口连接将CO2注入25-海底CO2封存地。
8-采用串靠系泊的CO2运输船和10-采用旁靠系泊的CO2运输船与9-装备内转塔的浮式CO2储存装置系泊连接后向其传输CO2，此外7-CO2运输船还可以通过14-系泊缆与11-悬链式单点系泊装置系泊连接，通过12漂浮软管将CO2传输至11-悬链式单点系泊装置，然后通过6海底管道与13水下立管将CO2传 输至9-装备内转塔的浮式CO2储存装置中存储，之后通过13-水下立管与预先铺设的6-海底CO2管道将CO2传输至27-导管架式CO2加注平台上的28-CO2加注模块，通过13-水下立管与26-海底井口连接将CO2注入25-海底CO2封存地。
8-采用串靠系泊的CO2运输船和10-采用旁靠系泊的CO2运输船与18-浮式CO2储存装置系泊连接，18-浮式CO2储存装置通过14-系泊缆与11-悬链式单点系泊装置系泊连接，通过12漂浮软管将CO2传输至11-悬链式单点系泊装置，18-浮式CO2储存装置也可以与16-软刚臂单点系泊装置系泊连接，通过17-跨接传输软管将CO2传输至16-软刚臂单点系泊装置，之后CO2经由13水下立管与6海底管道传输至27-导管架式CO2加注平台上的28-CO2加注模块，通过13-水下立管与26-海底井口连接将CO2注入25-海底CO2封存地。
如图7～9所示本发明设计一种自回收式、压力自卸式、悬浮式CO2运输封存罐，包括一个存储液态CO2的罐体95，罐体95强度根据封存水深设计，具有一套应用压力控制的注入装91，一套应用压力控制的排出装置92，一套定位系统装置93，一套应用化学方法氮气发生装置94，以及压力控制的泄放装置96。液态CO2罐体95设计成胶囊形状，胶囊的形状设计有利于在下沉和上浮的过程中，上下端恒定不变，避免翻转，利于压力控制。由于罐体95的结构对称，重心在中心，且大部分装置重量集中在排出装置92一端，最终液态CO2罐整体的重心设计方案偏向排出装置92一端，从而使得罐体下沉时沿罐体纵向方向垂直下沉。
存储液态CO2的罐体95，能承受为30bar以上内部、外部压力，优化为设计成胶囊形状，有利于在下沉和上浮的过程中，上下端恒定不变，避免翻转，利于压力控制。
此外，本发明所涉及的应用压力控制的注入装置91，海水引起的罐体95外部压力大于内部压力时，由于压力作用，压力控制注入装置91自动打开。最优方式下，应用压力控制的注入装置91，通过设计注入装置91开启大小，控制海水流入的速度，保持压力差仍然随着下沉深度加大；此外，当大量海水流入CO2罐，液态CO2罐内外压力差为零，压力控制的注入装置91自动关闭。此外，中国专利“一种工业总线型船舶LNG燃料安保控制装置”(专利号CN201721324589.6)，涉及的类似装置，本发明注入装置91可通过简单改造和实验确定参数后使用。
此外，本发明所涉及的应用压力控制的排出装置92，当液态CO2罐下沉到水下1000m，海水引起的罐体95外部压力达到设计压力时，由于压力作用，压 力控制排出装置92自动打开。优选方式下，当氮气填充在CO2罐中时，排出装置2设计有气体逃逸装置97，防止氮气排出罐子下沉。中国专利“一种工业总线型船舶LNG燃料安保控制装置”(专利号CN201721324589.6)，涉及的类似装置，本发明排出装置2可通过简单改造和实验确定参数后使用。
此外，本发明所涉及的应用压力控制的泄放装置96，液态CO2罐下沉过程中受到海水加热，液态CO2温度会升高，内部压力会增加，压力控制的泄放装置96自动打开，泄放压力，维持内部压力为30bar。为保证罐体95的强度，减少罐体5的开孔，应用压力控制的泄放装置96布置在压力控制的排出装置92上。泄放装置可选用中国专利CN202021137650.8“一种LPG船安全释放管路装置”文件中所涉及的类似装置，可通过简单改造和实验确定参数后使用。
本发明所涉及的应用化学方法氮气发生装置94，当液态CO2罐下沉到水下1000m，海水引起的罐体95外部压力达到设计压力时，由于压力作用，压力控制氮气发生装置94自动打开，应用化学方法产生氮气。氮气发生装置94，可选用中国专利CN201910182443.X“一种利用化学能的潜艇和水面舰船沉船紧急救生装置”文件中所涉及的类似装置，可通过简单改造和实验确定参数后使用。
本发明所涉及的定位系统装置93，当液态CO2罐依靠浮力飘出海面，应用定位系统93，找到罐子。
具体说明本发明的操作过程：
如图10所示，投放状态。首先，投放回收船底部舱口盖开启，液态CO2罐投放到海中，排出装置92一端向下，由于重心在下，浮心在中心，液态CO2罐成垂直状态，由于液态CO2罐比海水重，液态CO2罐下沉。
液态CO2罐下沉过程中，受到0℃以上的海水加热，液态CO2温度会升高，内部压力会增加，压力控制的泄放装置96自动打开，泄放压力，维持内部压力为30bar。
当下沉达到300m深度时，海水引起的罐体95外部压力31bar，大于内部压力，由于压力作用，压力控制注入装置91自动打开，海水流入。
液态CO2罐继续下沉，一部分海水进入罐体95，减少罐体95的压力差；由于CO2罐下沉速度越大，海水的阻力就越大，当达到一定速度时，海水的阻力等于CO2罐重力，CO2罐下沉速度不在增加。通过计算CO2罐下沉速度设计注入装置91开启大小，控制海水流入的速度，保持压力差在30bar以内，仍然随着下沉深度加大。
装有液态CO2和海水的罐体95继续下沉，当液态CO2罐下沉到水下1000m，同时，通过调节注入装置91开口大小，使得压力差加大到20～30bar或以上时，由于压力作用，压力控制的排出装置92打开，大量海水流入CO2罐，液态CO2罐内外压力差为零，压力控制的注入装置91关闭，此时如图11所示，当液态CO2罐下沉到水下1000m，液态CO2依靠重力，流出罐子，溶于海中，达到封存目的。
同时，应用压力控制打开氮气发生装置94，应用化学方法产生氮气，由于气体密度小，填充在CO2罐上方，排除罐体95中的水，罐子上浮，排出装置2设计有气体逃逸装置97，防止氮气排出罐子下沉。
如图12所示，依靠浮力，罐体95飘出海面。
如图13所示，应用定位系统93，找到罐子。
如图14所示，底部舱口盖开启，应用投放回收船回收罐子，反复利用。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种CO2海上转运和封存系统，其特征在于，操作方式如下：
    a、具备码头装载时，CO2陆上存储终端通过陆上管道输送至CO2加注装置，对CO2运输船进行加注，到达目的地后通过CO2转运系统进行码头卸载，通过管道传输至CO2注入模块注入陆上或海底CO2封存地封存；
    无码头装载时，可选择b或c方式：
    b、CO2陆上存储终端通过管道输送至CO2海上浮式存储装置，CO2运输船通过采用串靠或旁靠的方式与其系泊，通过软管传输完成CO2的加注，CO2运输船到达目标海域后，通过串靠或旁靠的方式与具有内转塔的CO2海上浮式存储装置系泊定位，通过软管传输完成CO2的卸载，通过内转塔装置、海底管道和水下立管传输至CO2海上注入平台，通过海底井口注入海底CO2封存地封存；
    c、CO2陆上存储终端通过管道输送至具有内转塔的CO2海上浮式存储装置，具有内转塔的CO2海上浮式存储装置到达目标海域后，通过内转塔装置、海底管道和水下立管传输至CO2海上注入平台，通过海底井口注入海底CO2封存地封存。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述CO2海上转运和封存系统，其特征在于，步骤a或b或c中包括如下操作：
    S1、液态CO2注入到封存罐中，所述封存罐包括存储液态CO2设有隔热层的罐体(95)，所述罐体(95)的两侧分别设置排出装置(92)和单向阀体的注入装置(91)，所述罐体(95)的重心偏向所述排出装置(92)一侧；所述罐体(95)内位于所述注入装置(91)一侧设置氮气发生装置(94)；所述排出装置(92)包括用压力控制的泄放装置(96)；所述封存罐也为压力控制的阀体；
    S2、通过船舶将所述封存罐运载到海洋封存区；
    S3、将所述封存罐投入海水中，由于重心作用，所述封存罐成垂直状态下沉，所述排出装置(92)一侧位于底端；
    S4、所述封存罐内的压力增大，到达泄放装置(96)的开启压力，所述泄放装置(96)开启，CO2流出，实现压力泄放；
    S5、当封存罐下沉到外部海水压力到达所述注入装置(91)的开启压力，所述注入装置(91)开启，海水流入所述封存罐；
    S6、当封存罐下沉到CO2封存深度，所述注入装置(91)和所述排出装置(92)完全开启，液态CO2流出所述封存罐，直至完成泄放，外部海水完全进入所述封存罐，所述注入装置(91)关闭；
    S7、氮气发生装置(94)工作，产生氮气，所述封存罐排出海水，所述封存罐上浮；所述排出装置(92)关闭；
    S8、所述封存罐浮出海面，再次回收利用。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述压力自卸式CO2封存方法，其特征在于，所述封存罐通过固定重物实现重心偏向所述排出装置(92)一侧。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述压力自卸式CO2封存方法，其特征在于，所述封存罐固定有用于回收时定位用的卫星定位装置(93)。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述压力自卸式CO2封存方法，其特征在于，所述封存罐设置位置监测设备，用于确定所述封存罐下沉的深度；所述注入装置(1)和所述所述排出装置(92)分别设置遥控开启关闭装置，用于监测到所述封存罐位于确定深度下的开启和关闭。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述压力自卸式CO2封存方法，其特征在于，所述封存罐的容许的最大压力为30bar。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述压力自卸式CO2封存方法，其特征在于，步骤S6所述CO2封存深度最小为1000m。
  8. 根据权利要求1～7任一所述CO2海上转运和封存系统，其特征在于，管道中的CO2为CO2为液态时，管道中的压力范围：0.4～7.39MPa；管道中的CO2为超临界状态时，管道中温度>31.3摄氏度，管道中的压力>7.39MPa；管道中的CO2为气态时，管道中的压力范围：0～7.39MPa；
    CO2运输船采用C型罐存储，C型罐的CO2存储压力为0.4MPa～2.1MPa。
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