WO2023138399A1 - 一种基于区块链的装备服务价值记账方法与装置 - Google Patents

一种基于区块链的装备服务价值记账方法与装置 Download PDF

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WO2023138399A1
WO2023138399A1 PCT/CN2023/070844 CN2023070844W WO2023138399A1 WO 2023138399 A1 WO2023138399 A1 WO 2023138399A1 CN 2023070844 W CN2023070844 W CN 2023070844W WO 2023138399 A1 WO2023138399 A1 WO 2023138399A1
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value
event
activity
accounting
equipment service
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PCT/CN2023/070844
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French (fr)
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张常有
张黎群
武文佳
田卓
薄文
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中国科学院软件研究所
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q40/00—Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
    • G06Q40/12—Accounting
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/27—Replication, distribution or synchronisation of data between databases or within a distributed database system; Distributed database system architectures therefor

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  • the invention belongs to the field of value chain management, and in particular relates to a blockchain-based equipment service value bookkeeping method and device.
  • Equipment service providers improve service efficiency and collaborative service quality through collaborative work and performing their own duties. According to the agreed incentive mechanism, the service provider obtains corresponding benefits from the collaborative completion of value events. Collaboratively completed value events involve the benefits of relevant parties, etc., and are expected to be recorded and preserved in a credible manner. Collaborative event information can be recorded in the ledger to ensure that it can be queried, traced, and counted. The revenue data of all parties need to be queried, traceable, open and transparent, and cannot be tampered with.
  • the traditional bookkeeping process mainly includes reviewing original vouchers, filling in accounting vouchers, registering subsidiary ledgers, registering general ledgers, and compiling accounting statements, etc., facing the problems of complicated business, long process, error-prone, and poor statistics.
  • the traditional bookkeeping process usually takes economic activities as the bookkeeping object.
  • value events usually have multiple participants. It is necessary to design the bookkeeping process and entity data format from the two scales of value events and value activities as bookkeeping objects.
  • the traditional value accounting system is a centralized storage system, which has the risk of data loss and tampering.
  • Blockchain is called a distributed ledger in management affairs. Data is stored in a decentralized and distributed manner. There are multiple backups in the blockchain system.
  • Blockchain technology uses a consensus protocol to ensure that data cannot be tampered with.
  • the present invention provides a method and device for accounting the value of equipment services based on blockchain.
  • a blockchain-based equipment service value bookkeeping process designing the entity data format in the process, and designing a combination of local storage and blockchain system storage, the bookkeeping efficiency of multi-party collaboration is improved, the information transparency of equipment service user benefits is promoted, and the value bookkeeping data cannot be tampered with.
  • a blockchain-based equipment service value bookkeeping method the steps of which include:
  • a value activity accounting voucher and a data sub-ledger are generated, wherein the value event includes a plurality of the value activities, the identification dimension of the value activity accounting voucher includes: value activity, and the identification dimension of the data sub-ledger includes: accounting voucher, value event, value activity and equipment service user number;
  • an event execution record is generated based on the value event account book, value activity accounting voucher and data sub-ledger, wherein the identification dimensions of the event execution record include: value event, value activity and equipment service user number;
  • the value accounting smart contract is executed to generate a user revenue record, wherein the identification dimensions of the user revenue record include: value event, value activity, and equipment service user number.
  • identification dimension of the value event account book further includes: account number.
  • identification dimension of the value activity accounting voucher further includes: accounting voucher number.
  • the identification dimension of the data subsidiary ledger further includes: the subsidiary ledger number.
  • the identification dimension of the user revenue record further includes: equipment service user revenue number.
  • the data includes: total value of value events, start time of value events, end time of value events, equipment service users, start time of value activities, end time of value activities, and activity points of equipment service users.
  • the user income record is generated through the following steps:
  • the value event account book, the value activity accounting voucher, and the data sub-ledger are stored in a local database system.
  • event execution record and the user revenue record are stored in the block and world state database of the blockchain system.
  • a storage medium in which a computer program is stored, wherein the computer program is configured to execute the above method when running.
  • An electronic device includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a program for executing the method described above.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the present invention defines a multi-party collaboration-oriented equipment service value accounting process, which separates value events from value activities, and designs accounting vouchers and sub-accounts for value activities. Compared with traditional accounting processes, it is more efficient and secure in the field of value chain management, and is more in line with the needs of value event collaboration services in actual production by service providers of equipment service value manufacturing;
  • the billing process of service provider cooperation provided by the present invention is more suitable for the field of value chain management.
  • the traditional bookkeeping process is usually based on value activities, which leads to too many books and is difficult to use for data analysis and statistics.
  • the present invention designs two kinds of ledgers based on value events and value activities, which is more in line with the tracking, statistics and analysis of accounting data under the multi-party collaborative completion event scenario;
  • the present invention adopts the storage method combining the local database and the block chain, and uses the local database to improve the access efficiency of the interactive data.
  • the block chain system ensures the security and credibility of the income distribution data due to its multiple backups and non-tamperable modification.
  • Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the equipment-oriented service value accounting business described in the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a block chain system architecture diagram for equipment service value bookkeeping business according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a block structure diagram of the equipment-oriented service value bookkeeping business according to the present invention.
  • Equipment service related services for the production of technical equipment, including manpower outsourcing, maintenance, logistics distribution, equipment production, intelligent warehousing, insurance supply, parts production, parts supply, equipment sales and other services.
  • Value event a production business with remuneration incentives performed by service providers through the provision of equipment services.
  • Value activity a specific business that requires the cooperation of a certain equipment service provider, and is the component unit of value events.
  • Incentive mechanism By setting up a complete reward incentive method, on the premise of keeping in line with the collaboration goals, it is an incentive system arrangement that enables participants to get paid after paying labor.
  • Value event book By setting the value event book, it is used to register, classify, store and summarize value event information.
  • Accounting voucher According to the value activity information and the agreed incentive mechanism, the voucher about the remuneration of the service provider is generated after the value activity is completed.
  • the accounting vouchers classify the economic content according to the event account book, and serve as the accounting basis for registering the subsidiary account.
  • Subsidiary account According to the information of bookkeeping vouchers, register a certain type of economic and business matters, and provide relevant value accounting information.
  • Value accounting Calculate the value obtained by a specific entity or account book within a certain period of time.
  • Blockchain A decentralized and distributed database system, all nodes store complete ledger data, so that ledger information cannot be forged and tampered with.
  • the blockchain-based equipment service value accounting process of the present invention includes: establishing value event account books, generating value activity accounting vouchers, registering subsidiary accounts, storing event execution records in the blockchain, and executing value accounting smart contracts; designing the entity data format involved in the multi-party collaboration-oriented equipment service value accounting process includes: value event account book data format, accounting voucher data format, subsidiary account data format, event execution record data format, and user income data format; design executes local programs before the end of the event and stores relevant data locally, and executes the value accounting smart contract after the event ends The value accounting method of program and related data blockchain storage.
  • Figure 1 The specific embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figure 1, comprises:
  • the data format of the entities involved in the process of designing multi-party collaboration-oriented equipment service value accounting mainly includes: value event account book, accounting voucher, subsidiary account, event execution record, and data format of user income.
  • the data format of the value event account book includes: account number, value event number, account book name, event total value, account book summary, value event start time, value event end time, and account book creation time.
  • the value event number field in the value event book is the foreign key of the value event number in the user income stored on the blockchain. Through the value event number field in the user income, the value event book information to which the income data belongs can be found in the value event book.
  • Table 1 Value event account book data format description table
  • the data format of accounting vouchers includes: accounting voucher number, value activity number, accounting voucher name, voucher summary, value activity start time, value activity end time, and accounting voucher creation time.
  • the value activity number field in the value event ledger is the foreign key of the value activity number in the user revenue stored on the blockchain.
  • the accounting voucher information to which the revenue data belongs can be found in the accounting voucher through the value activity number field in the user income.
  • the data format of the subsidiary ledger includes: subsidiary ledger number, accounting voucher number, value event number, value activity number, subsidiary ledger name, subsidiary ledger summary, user number, activity points, and subsidiary ledger creation time.
  • the sub-ledger information to which the revenue data belongs can be found in the sub-ledger through the value activity number field in the user revenue stored on the blockchain.
  • Event execution records include: event number, event total value, activity execution data (activity number, user number, activity points).
  • the user revenue data format includes: value event number, value activity number, user number, revenue amount, and accounting time.
  • the process includes: establishing a value event account book, generating value activity accounting vouchers, registering subsidiary accounts, storing event execution records in the blockchain, and executing value accounting smart contracts.
  • the unit points in the incentive mechanism refer to the market pricing of different labor types (see Table 8), and the unit is: points/day; the workload refers to the working hours (end time-start time).
  • the incentive mechanism is unit points and workload multiplication, and the calculation formula is:
  • value is points
  • unitCoin is unit points
  • days is the working hours.
  • Service type Unit points reward (points/day) human labor 800 Logistics 1000 Maintenance 1200
  • the value event account book is automatically created when the value event starts, and has a one-to-one relationship with the value event.
  • the life cycle of the event account book in the system is also consistent with the value event. Register, classify, store and account value information by establishing a value event account book.
  • Table 9 shows the account book information description of value event shield machine tool disassembly and maintenance.
  • Accounting vouchers are automatically generated at the end of value activities, and have a one-to-one relationship with value activities. According to the incentive mechanism specified by the value event, calculate the activity points that the participants get from executing the activity price. The accounting vouchers are classified according to the event account books and serve as the accounting basis for registering the subsidiary accounts.
  • Subsidiary accounts are generated by accounting vouchers, which record the user benefits obtained by each service provider from value activities.
  • the value will be calculated according to the incentive mechanism of unit points * workload after the tool disassembly and maintenance of the shield machine is completed from October to 18, 2021.
  • the service type of activity VA0000001 is human labor, and the service executor is human outsourcing company A.
  • the market remuneration (1 day) is 800 yuan, and the shared working hours are 1 day.
  • the event execution record generated in the value activity is stored on the blockchain system to ensure the security and non-tamperability of the event execution record, and it is used as the data basis for value accounting.
  • HyperLedger Fabric As an example, the architecture diagram of the blockchain system is shown in Figure 2.
  • the HyperLedger Fabric blockchain system maintains the world state of the blockchain, that is, the current value of all ledger states, so that users can quickly access data related to themselves in the blockchain system without traversing the entire blockchain ledger, which greatly improves the response speed of the system.
  • HyperLedger Fabric provides a K-V document database - CouchDB to maintain the state of the world.
  • the event execution records stored in the blockchain state database are as follows:
  • the value accounting smart contract calculates the income of participating in the event according to the budget amount of the event, the participants and their activity points, and store the enterprise's income data in the state data of the blockchain.
  • the revenue data of enterprises is data with high security requirements and cannot be tampered with.
  • the credibility of user revenue data is guaranteed.
  • the blockchain is a distributed storage system, and the data stored in the blockchain has multiple backups, which ensures the safe storage of user revenue data. Specifically include:
  • the business logic of the value accounting chain code is: first, calculate the total points of all service providers based on the value activity information in the cyclic event execution record; then calculate the ratio of each service provider’s points to the total points, and multiply the ratio by the total value of the event to obtain the user benefits of this service provider; finally, update the user benefits in the state database.
  • the blockchain system will record user income in each block, where the block header part records the number of the current block and the relationship with other blocks, and the block body part records three Insert operations for inserting user income, expressed in JSON data format.
  • the blockchain system hashes the data stored in the block and organizes it into a Merkle tree, as shown in Figure 3.
  • the state of the blockchain world uses evnet_NO as the key, and the JSON object array composed of activity_NO, uuid, value and account_time as the value.
  • Setting event_NO as the key can speed up the reading of value event ledger data. Since the value event book is the basic unit of multi-party reconciliation, setting event_NO as the key speeds up the calculation process of multi-party reconciliation.
  • the user benefits of the state database are as follows:
  • the method described in the invention is characterized in that: (1) Aiming at the characteristics of equipment service value, it provides an accounting process with value events as event account books and value activities as sub-accounts; (2) Aiming at the data entities involved in the accounting process, a data format that conforms to the equipment value service scene is designed; (3) A storage method that combines local storage and blockchain system storage is introduced to ensure the security and non-tamperable modification of user revenue records.
  • the accounting process and data format involved in the present invention can be generally applied to the equipment value service business.
  • the present invention designs a value accounting method in which local programs are executed before the event ends and relevant data is stored locally, and value and smart contract programs are executed after the event ends and the relevant data is stored in the blockchain.
  • the entity data stored locally includes: value event account data, accounting voucher data, and subsidiary account data; the entity data stored in the blockchain system includes: event execution records and user benefits.
  • the value event book, accounting voucher and subsidiary ledger are all generated before the end of the value event. Users frequently access these three data entities, and the field values will be modified as the value event status changes. Such data is suitable for storage in the local database for unified read and write management.
  • Event execution records and user benefits are data that cannot be modified after the event is over. Such data is suitable for storage in the blockchain system.
  • Event execution records are uploaded to the blockchain system, and the blockchain system verifies the data broadcast in the network, packs them into blocks and stores them in the blockchain.
  • the user income generated by executing the value accounting smart contract is data with high security requirements and cannot be tampered with.
  • the blockchain is a decentralized distributed network, each node will store a piece of data, ensuring data security.
  • all peer nodes in the blockchain follow the same consensus mechanism, this ensures that the user income stored in the blockchain cannot be tampered with.
  • a trust relationship between different service providers can be established to ensure the credibility of the data.

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Abstract

一种基于区块链的装备服务价值记账方法与装置，包括建立价值事件账簿；基于价值活动中产生的数据，生成价值活动记账凭证与登记明细账；价值事件结束后，基于价值事件账簿、价值活动记账凭证与登记明细账，生成事件执行记录；基于事件执行记录，执行价值核算智能合约，生成用户收益记录，通过定义面向多方协作的装备服务价值记账流程，将价值事件与价值活动分离、设计价值活动的记账凭证和明细账，更加契合装备服务提供者在实际生产中对价值事件协作服务的需求，提升了装备服务价值记账的效率与记账数据的安全性。

Description

一种基于区块链的装备服务价值记账方法与装置 技术领域
本发明属于价值链管理领域，具体涉及一种基于区块链的装备服务价值记账方法与装置。
背景技术
装备服务提供者通过协同工作，各司其职，提高服务效率和协同服务质量。服务提供者根据约定的激励机制，从协同完成价值事件中获得相应收益。协同完成的价值事件涉及相关各方的收益等，期望以可信的方式记录和保存。协作的事件信息可记录在账本中，保证可查询、可追踪、可统计等，各方的收益数据需要可查询、可追踪、公开透明、不可篡改等。
传统记账流程主要包括审核原始凭证、填写记账凭证、登记明细账、登记总账、编制会计报表等，面临业务繁杂、过程长、容易出错、可统计性差的问题。同时，传统的记账流程通常以经济活动为记账对象，在装备服务提供者多方协作的应用场景中，价值事件通常会有多个参与者，需要从价值事件和价值活动两种尺度为记账对象，设计记账的流程和实体数据格式。
传统的价值记账系统是中心化的存储体系，存在数据丢失和被篡改的风险。区块链在管理事务中称为一种分布式账本，通过一种去中心化的、分布式的方式存储数据，区块链系统中有多个备份，区块链技术以共识协议来保证数据的不可篡改。
发明内容
基于上述的技术背景和现实场景中存在的问题，本发明提供了一种基于区块链的装备服务价值记账方法与装置。通过提供基于区块链的装备服务价值记账流程，设计流程中的实体数据格式，设计本地存储和区块链系统存储结合的方式，提高多方协作的记账效率，促进装备服务用户收益的信息透明，实现价值记账数据的不可篡改。
本发明的技术内容包括：
一种基于区块链的装备服务价值记账方法，其步骤包括：
建立价值事件账簿，其中所述价值事件账簿的标识维度包括：价值事件；
基于价值活动的执行情况数据，生成价值活动记账凭证与数据明细账，其中所述价值事件包含多个所述价值活动，所述价值活动记账凭证的标识维度包括：价值活动，所述数据明细账的标识维度包括：记账凭证、价值事件、价值活动和装备服务用户编号；
价值事件结束后，基于价值事件账簿、价值活动记账凭证与数据明细账，生成事件执行 记录，其中所述事件执行记录的标识维度包括：价值事件、价值活动和装备服务用户编号；
基于所述事件执行记录，执行价值核算智能合约，生成用户收益记录，其中所述用户收益记录的标识维度包括：价值事件、价值活动和装备服务用户编号。
进一步地，所述价值事件账簿的标识维度还包括：账簿编号。
进一步地，所述价值活动记账凭证的标识维度还包括：记账凭证编号。
进一步地，所述数据明细账的标识维度还包括：明细账编号。
进一步地，所述用户收益记录的标识维度还包括：装备服务用户收益编号。
进一步地，所述数据包括：价值事件总值、价值事件开始时间、价值事件结束时间、装备服务用户、价值活动开始时间、价值活动结束时间和装备服务用户活动积分。
进一步地，通过以下步骤生成所述用户收益记录：
1)基于所述事件执行记录的标识维度，计算所述价值事件中所有装备服务用户的总积分；
2)计算每一装备服务用户的积分与所述总积分的比值；
3)基于所述比值与价值事件总值，计算得到每一装备服务用户的用户收益，以构建所述用户收益记录。
进一步地，所述价值事件账簿、所述价值活动记账凭证、所述数据明细账存储于本地数据库系统。
进一步地，所述事件执行记录、所述用户收益记录存储于区块链系统的区块和世界状态数据库中。
一种存储介质，所述存储介质中存储有计算机程序，其中，所述计算机程序被设置为运行时执行以上所述方法。
一种电子装置，包括存储器和处理器，其中存储器存储执行以上所述方法的程序。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下优点：
(1)本发明中定义面向多方协作的装备服务价值记账流程，将价值事件与价值活动分离、设计价值活动的记账凭证和明细账，相较于传统的记账流程在价值链管理领域中效率与安全性更高，更加契合装备服务价值制造的服务提供者在实际生产中价值事件协作服务的需求；
(2)本发明提供的服务提供者协作的记账流程相对传统记账流程更加适合于价值链管理领域。传统的记账流程通常是以价值活动为单位的，这导致了产生的账簿过多并且难以用于数据分析与统计。本发明针对于以多方协作为目标的装备服务提供者，设计了基于价值事件和价值活动两种账本，更加符合多方协同完成事件场景下的对于记账数据的追踪、统计和分析；
(3)相较于传统装备服务价值记账流程与装置，本发明采用本地数据库和区块链相结合的存储方式，使用本地数据库提高了对交互数据的访问效率，区块链系统由于其多备份和不可篡改性，保证了收益分配数据的安全性和可信性。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述的面向装备服务价值记账业务的流程图。
图2为本发明所述的面向装备服务价值记账业务的区块链系统架构图。
图3为本发明所述的面向装备服务价值记账业务的区块结构图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施方式，对本发明实施方式中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施方式仅仅是本发明特定实施方式，而不是全部的实施方式。基于本发明中的实施方式，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式，都属于本发明保护的范围。
首先为了准确说明，本发明采用如下术语及含义：
装备服务：为生产技术装备提供的相关服务，包括人力外包、维修保养、物流配送、装备生产、智能仓储、保险供应、配件生产、配件供应、装备销售等服务。
价值事件：服务提供者通过提供装备服务协作执行的带有报酬激励的生产业务。
价值活动：需要某个装备服务提供者协作执行的具体业务，是价值事件的组成单位。
激励机制：通过设置完备的报酬激励方式，在与协作目标保持一致的前提下，使参与方付出劳务后取得报酬的一种激励制度安排。
价值事件账簿：通过设置价值事件账簿用来登记、分类、存储和汇总价值事件信息。
记账凭证：根据价值活动信息和约定的激励机制，在价值活动完成后生成的关于服务提供者所得报酬的凭证。记账凭证按照事件账簿对经济内容分类，作为登记明细账的会计依据。
明细账：根据记账凭证信息，登记某一类经济业务事项，提供有关价值核算资料。
价值核算：计算特定主体或账簿在一定时期内取得的价值情况。
区块链：一种去中心化的、分布式数据库系统，所有节点都存储完整账本数据，使账本信息不可伪造和篡改。
本发明基于区块链的装备服务价值记账流程包括：建立价值事件账簿、生成价值活动记账凭证、登记明细账、将事件执行记录存储到区块链、执行价值核算智能合约；设计面向多方协作的装备服务价值记账流程中涉及到的实体数据格式包括：价值事件账簿数据格式、记 账凭证数据格式、明细账数据格式、事件执行记录数据格式和用户收益数据格式；设计事件结束前执行本地程序且相关数据本地存储、事件结束后执行价值核算智能合约程序且相关数据区块链存储的价值核算方式。
本发明的具体实施方式如图1所示，包括：
1、设计面向多方协作的装备服务价值记账流程中涉及到的实体的数据格式主要包括：价值事件账簿、记账凭证、明细账、事件执行记录和用户收益的数据格式。
(1)价值事件账簿的数据格式
价值事件账簿的数据格式，如表1所示，包括：账簿编号、价值事件编号、账簿名称、事件总值、账簿摘要、价值事件开始时间、价值事件结束时间和账簿创建时间。
价值事件账簿中的价值事件编号字段是区块链上存储的用户收益中价值事件编号的外键，通过用户收益中价值事件编号字段可以在价值事件账簿中查找该收益数据所属的价值事件账簿信息。
表1价值事件账簿数据格式说明表
Figure PCTCN2023070844-appb-000001
(2)记账凭证的数据格式
记账凭证的数据格式，如表2所示，包括：记账凭证编号、价值活动编号、记账凭证名称、凭证摘要、价值活动开始时间、价值活动结束时间和记账凭证创建时间。
价值事件账簿中的价值活动编号字段是区块链上存储的用户收益中价值活动编号的外键。通过用户收益中价值活动编号字段可以在记账凭证中查找该收益数据所属的记账凭证信息。
表2记账凭证数据格式说明表
Figure PCTCN2023070844-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2023070844-appb-000003
(3)明细账的数据格式
明细账的数据格式，如表3所示，包括：明细账编号、记账凭证编号、价值事件编号、价值活动编号、明细账名称、明细账摘要、用户编号、活动积分和明细账创建时间。
通过区块链上存储的用户收益中价值活动编号字段可以在明细账中查找该收益数据所属的明细账信息。
表3明细账数据格式说明表
Figure PCTCN2023070844-appb-000004
(4)事件执行记录
事件执行记录，如表4所示，包括：事件编号、事件总价值、活动执行数据(活动编号、用户编号、活动积分)。
表4事件执行记录格式说明表
Figure PCTCN2023070844-appb-000005
(5)用户收益数据格式
用户收益数据格式，如表5所示，包括：价值事件编号、价值活动编号、用户编号、收益数额和核算时间。
表5用户收益数据格式说明表
Figure PCTCN2023070844-appb-000006
2、定义面向多方协作的装备服务价值记账流程
流程包括：建立价值事件账簿、生成价值活动记账凭证、登记明细账、将事件执行记录存储到区块链和执行价值核算智能合约。
以刀具装备保养服务为业务场景，描述一种基于区块链的装备服务价值记账方法。本实施方法中涉及的价值事件盾构机刀具拆卸维修和价值活动的信息如表6和表7所示。
表6盾构机刀具拆卸维修信息说明表
Figure PCTCN2023070844-appb-000007
表7关于盾构机刀具拆卸维修价值活动列表
Figure PCTCN2023070844-appb-000008
激励机制中的单位积分指市场对不同劳务类型的定价(见表8)，单位为：积分/天；工作 量指工作时长(结束时间-开始时间)。激励机制为单位积分与工作量乘机，计算公式为：
value＝unitCoin×days            公式(1)
其中，value为积分，unitCoin为单位积分，days为工作时长。
表8市场对不同劳务类型的定价表
劳务类型 单位积分奖励(积分/天)
人力劳动 800
物流运输 1000
维修保养 1200
在本实施方法中，价值事件盾构机刀具拆卸维修具体的记账流程如下：
(1)建立价值事件账簿。
价值事件账簿在价值事件启动时自动创建，与价值事件为一对一关系，事件账簿在系统中的生命周期也与价值事件保持一致。通过建立价值事件账簿来登记、分类、存储和核算价值信息。
价值事件盾构机刀具拆卸维修的账簿信息说明如表9所示。
表9盾构机刀具拆卸维修信息说明表
字段名称 字段值
book_NO 1
event_NO VE0000001
book_name 账簿_盾构机刀具拆卸维修
event_value 19600
book_abstract 刀具损坏，需要维修
event_starttime 2021-10-08
event_endtime 2021-10-17
book_createtime 2021-10-08
将价值事件账簿存储到本地数据库中，确保参与用户可以快速地对账簿数据读取和修改。
(2)生成价值活动记账凭证。
记账凭证在价值活动结束时自动生成，与价值活动为一对一关系。根据价值事件指定的激励机制，计算参与方执行该活动价格所得的活动积分。记账凭证按照事件账簿分类，作为登记明细账的会计依据。
以价值活动VA0000001生成的记账凭证为例来说明，如表10所示。
表10登记凭证信息说明表
字段名称 字段值
accounting_NO 1
activity_NO VA0000001
accounting_name 记账凭证_拆卸刀具
accounting_abstract 拆卸工人执行拆卸刀具任务
activity_starttime 2021-10-08
activity_endtime 2021-10-09
accounting_createtime 2021-10-08
将记账凭证数据存储到本地数据库中，方便在登记明细账时快速读取相应的记账凭证数据。
(3)登记基于记账凭证的明细账。
明细账由记账凭证产生，记录了每个服务提供者从价值活动中获取的用户收益。
如表11所示，在2021年10-18时盾构机刀具拆卸维修执行完毕后根据单位积分*工作量的激励机制来价值核算。以价值活动VA0000001生成的明细账为例来说明，活动VA0000001的服务类型为人力劳动，服务执行者为人力外包公司A，市场报酬(1天)为800元，共用工时1天，人力外包公司A应得报酬为：800积分(/天)*1天＝800积分。
表11明细账信息说明表
字段名称 字段值
subledger_NO 1
accounting_NO 1
event_NO VE0000001
activity_NO VA0000001
subledger_name 明细账_拆卸刀具
subledger_abstract 拆卸工人执行拆卸刀具任务
uuid ec4241ee3-0de0-4305-b6a8-5c318a1453a6
coin 800
subledger_createtime 2021-10-08
将明细账数据存储到本地数据库中，方便在核算账簿时快速读取账簿中所有的明细账数据。
(4)将事件执行记录存储在区块链
价值事件执行结束后，将价值活动中产生的事件执行记录存储到区块链系统上，确保事件执行记录的安全性和不可篡改，并作为价值核算时的数据依据。
以HyperLedger Fabric区块链为例，区块链系统的架构图如图2所示。HyperLedger Fabric区块链系统维护了本区块链的世界状态，即所有账本状态当前的值，使得用户可以快速访问区块链系统中与自己相关的数据，而不用遍历整个区块链账本，极大提升了系统的响应速度。HyperLedger Fabric提供了一种K-V型的文档数据库--CouchDB来维护世界状态。
存储在区块链状态数据库的事件执行记录如下：
Figure PCTCN2023070844-appb-000009
(5)执行价值核算智能合约
调用价值核算智能合约，根据事件的预算数额、参与方及其活动积分，核算参与在该事件中的收益，并将企业的收益数据存储在区块链的状态数据中。企业的收益数据属于安全性需求高的数据，不能被篡改，利用区块链技术的特性，保证了用户收益数据的可信性。同时，区块链作为一个分布式的存储系统，存储于区块链中的数据具有多个备份，保证了用户收益数据的安全存储。具体包括：
1)执行价值核算链码程序。
价值核算链码的业务逻辑为：首先，循环事件执行记录中的价值活动信息，计算所有服务提供者的总积分；然后，再计算每个服务提供者的积分与总积分的比值，并将比值与事件的总价值进行相乘，得到此服务提供者的用户收益；最后，更新状态数据库中的用户收益。
执行价值核算智能合约，根据已存储的事件执行记录，首先计算所有活动的总积分为800+3000+6000＝9800。然后计算各个活动中的用户收益，以VA0000001为例，VA0000001的执行用户收益为19600*(800/9800)＝1600元，同理，VA0000002的执行用户收益为6000元，VA0000003的执行用户收益为12000元。
2)将用户收益存储在区块链中。
用户收益一经生成，不可篡改，需要存储在区块链系统中。区块链系统会将用户收益 记录在每个区块中，其中区块头部分记录了当前区块的编号和与其他区块的关系，区块体部分记录了插入用户收益的三条Insert操作，以JSON数据格式表示。区块链系统对存储到区块中的数据进行Hash化，并组织成一个Merkle树，如图3所示。
在本实施方法中，区块链世界状态以evnet_NO为key，以activity_NO、uuid、value和account_time组成的JSON对象数组为value。将event_NO设置为key可以加快对价值事件账簿数据的读取速度。由于价值事件账簿是多方对账的基本单位，将event_NO设置为key加速了多方对账的计算过程。状态数据库的用户收益如下：
VE0000001：[
{activity_NO:VA0000001；event_NO:VE0000001；uuid:ec4241ee3-0de0-4305-b6a8-5c318a1453a6；value:1600；account_time:2021-10-18},
{activity_NO:VA0000002；event_NO:VE0000001；uuid:ea23e33c3-0509-4d1e-9008-c9bfc2f37da9；value:6000；account_time:2021-10-18},
{activity_NO:VA0000003；event_NO:VE0000001；uuid:e908855e0-2892-4635-88a9-71ed78ddd742；value:12000；account_time:2021-10-18}]
发明中所述方法特征在于：(1)针对装备服务价值的特点，提供以价值事件为事件账簿，以价值活动为明细账的记账流程；(2)针对记账流程中涉及的数据实体，设计符合装备价值服务场景的数据格式；(3)引入了本地存储和区块链系统存储结合的存储方式，保证用户收益记录安全性和不可篡改性。本发明所涉及的记账流程和数据格式，能普遍应用于装备价值服务业务中。
综上所述，本发明设计事件结束前执行本地程序且相关数据本地存储、事件结束后执行价值和核算智能合约程序且相关数据区块链存储的价值核算方式。
在面向多方协作的装备服务价值记账流程中，存储到本地的实体数据包括：价值事件账簿数据、记账凭证数据和明细账数据；存储到区块链系统的实体数据包括：事件执行记录和用户收益。
价值事件账簿、记账凭证和明细账都是在价值事件结束之前产生的，用户高频率地访问这三个数据实体，并且字段值会随着价值事件状态的改变而修改，这样的数据适合存储到本地数据库来统一的读写管理。
事件执行记录和用户收益是在事件结束后产生的不能再被修改的数据，这样的数据适合存储到区块链系统中。事件执行记录被上传到区块链的系统中，区块链系统验证网络中广播的数据、打包成区块并存储到区块链中。执行价值核算智能合约产生的用户收益属于安全需求高的数据，同样不能被篡改。由于区块链是一个去中心化的分布式的网络，每个节点都会 存储一份数据，保证了数据的安全性。同时，由于区块链中所有的对等节点都遵循同一个共识机制，这确保了存储到区块链中的用户收益是无法篡改的，在多方对账的场景下，可以建立起不同服务提供者之间的信任关系，确保了数据的可信性。
提供以上实施方法仅是为了描述本发明的目的，而并非要限制本发明的范围。本发明的范围由所附权利要求限定。不脱离本发明的精神和原理而做出的各种等同替换和修改，均应涵盖在本发明的范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于区块链的装备服务价值记账方法，其步骤包括：
    建立价值事件账簿，其中所述价值事件账簿的标识维度包括：价值事件；
    基于价值活动的执行情况数据，生成价值活动记账凭证与数据明细账，其中所述价值事件包含多个所述价值活动，所述价值活动记账凭证的标识维度包括：价值活动，所述数据明细账的标识维度包括：记账凭证、价值事件、价值活动和装备服务用户编号；
    价值事件结束后，基于价值事件账簿、价值活动记账凭证与数据明细账，生成事件执行记录，其中所述事件执行记录的标识维度包括：价值事件、价值活动和装备服务用户编号；
    基于所述事件执行记录，执行价值核算智能合约，生成用户收益记录，其中所述用户收益记录的标识维度包括：价值事件、价值活动和装备服务用户编号。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述价值事件账簿的标识维度还包括：账簿编号。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述价值活动记账凭证的标识维度还包括：记账凭证编号。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述数据明细账的标识维度还包括：明细账编号。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述用户收益记录的标识维度还包括：装备服务用户收益编号。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述数据包括：价值事件总值、价值事件开始时间、价值事件结束时间、装备服务用户、价值活动开始时间、价值活动结束时间和装备服务用户活动积分。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，通过以下步骤生成所述用户收益记录：
    1)基于所述事件执行记录的标识维度，计算所述价值事件中所有装备服务用户的总积分；
    2)计算每一装备服务用户的积分与所述总积分的比值；
    3)基于所述比值与价值事件总值，计算得到每一装备服务用户的用户收益，以构建所述用户收益记录。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述价值事件账簿、所述价值活动记账凭证、所述数据明细账存储于本地数据库系统。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述事件执行记录、所述用户收益记录存储于区块链系统的区块和世界状态数据库中。
  10. 一种电子装置，包括存储器和处理器，所述存储器中存储有计算机程序，所述处理器被设置为运行所述计算机程序以执行如权利要求1-9中任一所述方法。
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