WO2023137770A1 - Appareil d'antenne, système d'antenne et station de base - Google Patents

Appareil d'antenne, système d'antenne et station de base Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023137770A1
WO2023137770A1 PCT/CN2022/073601 CN2022073601W WO2023137770A1 WO 2023137770 A1 WO2023137770 A1 WO 2023137770A1 CN 2022073601 W CN2022073601 W CN 2022073601W WO 2023137770 A1 WO2023137770 A1 WO 2023137770A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
radiation
radiation arm
antenna apparatus
radiation element
arm
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Application number
PCT/CN2022/073601
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English (en)
Inventor
Choubey Prem NARAYAN
Zijing DU
Dingjiu DAOJIAN
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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
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Priority to PCT/CN2022/073601 priority Critical patent/WO2023137770A1/fr
Publication of WO2023137770A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023137770A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
    • H01Q5/42—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements using two or more imbricated arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/20—Two collinear substantially straight active elements; Substantially straight single active elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/42—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of communication technologies, and in particular, to antenna apparatus, an antenna system and a base station.
  • Antennas are widely used in communication systems for signal transmission between a transmitting end and a receiving end.
  • a dual-polarized multiband antenna as one kind of antennas, generally refers to an antenna that may cover multi-bands and have two polarization orientations.
  • the dual-polarized multiband antenna should have good radiation or reception capabilities in its own operating band, meanwhile, it should cause least interference to the other systems coexisting in its surrounding, i.e., the systems that might be working over different frequency ranges or even over the same frequency band.
  • An existing multiband antenna is normally consisted of a high-band radiator and a low-band radiator, the performance of the lower-band radiator may be deteriorated due to the poor isolation between the low-band radiator and the high-band radiator. Therefore, the objective of the present application is thus to address and then resolve the isolation problem that arises in such multiband antenna environment.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide antenna apparatus, an antenna system and a base station, which have a good isolation property.
  • a first aspect of the present application provides antenna apparatus, including a high-band radiator configured to radiate a high-frequency signal;
  • the high-band radiator includes a first radiation element and a second radiation element, a polarization orientation of the first radiation element is different to a polarization orientation of the second radiation element, wherein the first radiation element is a monopole;
  • the first radiation element has a first main body and a first feeding end, the first main body and the first feeding end are coupled with each other in a capacitive manner without physical contacts.
  • the antenna apparatus incudes a high-band radiator configured to radiate a high-frequency signal
  • the high-band radiator includes two radiation elements with one of the radiation elements being a monopole, and the monopole is designed in such a way that it may let high-frequency signals pass and substantially stop the low-frequency signals, thereby achieving a good isolation effect;
  • the design makes the high-band radiator least sensitive in the operating frequency band of the low-band radiator.
  • the polarization orientation of the first radiation element is perpendicular to the polarization orientation of the second radiation element, thus obtaining an orthogonally polarized antenna apparatus.
  • the first main body is of a U-shape and comprises a first radiation arm, a second radiation arm and a third radiation arm;
  • the first radiation arm and the third radiation arm are parallel to each other, the second radiation arm is perpendicular to both of the first radiation arm and the third radiation arm;
  • a sum of a length of the first radiation arm, a length of the second radiation arm and a length of the third radiation arm is substantially equal to a full wavelength of a center frequency of the high-band radiator.
  • the first main body of the first radiation element in a U-shape, more possible design parameters are introduced, thereby rendering it possible to obtain desired electrical performance of the antenna apparatus.
  • the second radiation element is a dipole; the first radiation element and the dipole are arranged perpendicular to each other.
  • the antenna apparatus may also be formed by a monopole and a dipole, which is easy to be implemented.
  • the second radiation element is a monopole
  • the second radiation element has a second main body and a second feeding end, the second main body and the second feeding end are coupled with each other in a capacitive manner without physical contacts; the first radiation element and the second radiation element are arranged perpendicular to each other.
  • the second main body is of a U-shape and comprises a fourth radiation arm, a fifth radiation arm and a sixth radiation arm; the fourth radiation arm and the sixth radiation arm are parallel to each other, the fifth radiation arm is perpendicular to both of the fourth radiation arm and the sixth radiation arm; a sum of a length of the fourth radiation arm, a length of the fifth radiation arm and a length of the sixth radiation arm is equal to a full wavelength of a center frequency of the high-band radiator.
  • the second main body of the second radiation element in a U-shape, more possible design parameters are introduced, thereby rendering it possible to obtain desired electrical performance of the antenna apparatus.
  • the first main body and the second main body are both of a folded structure; the first main body and the second main body are arranged in a back-to-back manner.
  • this folded structure it is possible to simply arrange the two main bodies in a back-to-back manner, so as to obtain a dual-polarized high-band radiator with +45 slant polarization orientation and -45 slant polarization orientation.
  • the first main body and the second main body are both of a planar structure; the first main body and the second main body are arranged perpendicular to each other.
  • this planar structure it is possible to simply arrange the two main bodies in a perpendicular manner and rotate the combination counter-clockwise (or clockwise, depending on actual implementations) by 45 degrees so as to obtain a dual-polarized high-band radiator with +45 slant polarization orientation and -45 slant polarization orientation.
  • the high-band radiator further incudes a parasitic element; the parasitic element is arranged on top of the first radiation element without any physical contacts with the first radiation element.
  • the performance of the antenna apparatus would be further improved.
  • a second aspect of the present application provides antenna apparatus, including a low-band radiator configured to radiate a low-frequency signal and a high-band radiator configured to radiate a high-frequency signal;
  • the high-band radiator includes a first radiation element and a second radiation element, a polarization orientation of the first radiation element is different to a polarization orientation of the second radiation element, wherein the first radiation element is a monopole;
  • the first radiation element has a first main body and a first feeding end, the first main body and the first feeding end are coupled with each other in a capacitive manner without physical contacts.
  • a third aspect of the present application provides an antenna system, including: a low-band radiator configured to radiate a low-frequency signal and antenna apparatus according to the first aspect or the second aspect.
  • a fourth aspect of the present application provides a base station, including an antenna system according to the third aspect and a reflector, both of the low-band radiator and the high-band radiator are fed through the reflector.
  • the present application provides antenna apparatus, an antenna system and a base station.
  • the antenna apparatus includes a high-band radiator configured to radiate a high-frequency signal; the high-band radiator comprises a first radiation element and a second radiation element, a polarization orientation of the first radiation element is different to a polarization orientation of the second radiation element, where the first radiation element is a monopole; the first radiation element has a first main body and a first feeding end, the first main body and the first feeding end are coupled with each other in a capacitive manner without physical contacts. In this way, the first radiation element (monopole) may let high-frequency signals pass and substantially block the low-frequency signals, thereby achieving a good isolation effect.
  • FIG. 1A illustrates a stereogram of a high-band radiator according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 1B illustrates a top view of the high-band radiator 100 shown in FIG. 1A.
  • FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B illustrate stereograms of a high-band radiator according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram of a multiband antenna according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic structural side view of part of a first radiation element according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a stereogram of a first radiation element according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a plane diagram of a first radiation element according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7A illustrates a Smith diagram reflecting change of S parameters according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7B illustrates change of an impedance value of a first radiation element according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7C illustrates another Smith diagram reflecting change of S parameters according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a stereogram of a high-band radiator according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic diagram of polarization orientations of a high-band radiator according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10A illustrates a top view of a folded first radiation element according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10B illustrates a schematic structural side view of the first radiation element shown in FIG. 10A.
  • FIG. 10C illustrates a stereogram of the first radiation element shown in FIG. 10A.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a schematic structural side view of a first radiation element before folding according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12A illustrates a schematic diagram of a polarization orientation of a folded first radiation element according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12B illustrates a schematic diagram of polarization orientations of a high-band radiator formed by two folded monopoles according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13A illustrates a stereogram of another high-band radiator according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13B illustrates a schematic top view of the parasitic element shown in FIG. 13A.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a characteristic mode antenna (CMA) based parasitic element according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • CMA characteristic mode antenna
  • FIG. 15 illustrates a value of isolation between low-band and high-bands radiators in low-band’s operating frequency band.
  • GSM global system of mobile communication
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • LTE long term evolution
  • 5G 5th generation mobile communication
  • a base station may be a base transceiver station (BTS) in a GSM system, a general packet radio service (GPRS) system, or a CDMA system, or may also be a NodeB in a CDMA2000 system or a WCDMA system, or may also be an evolved NodeB (eNB) in an LTE system, or may also be an access service network base station (ASN BS) in an access service network of a WiMAX network or other network elements.
  • BTS base transceiver station
  • GPRS general packet radio service
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • eNB evolved NodeB
  • ASN BS access service network base station
  • a terminal device which may also be referred to as a user device, a terminal station or user equipment, may be any one of the following devices: a smartphone, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a handheld device capable of wireless communication, an on-board equipment, a wearable device, a computing device or other processing devices connecting to a wireless modem.
  • SIP session initiation protocol
  • WLL wireless local loop
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • high-frequency and low-frequency referred to throughout the text, unless otherwise defined, are simply used to describe a relatively high frequency and a relatively low frequency respectively, rather than limiting specific values of the frequencies.
  • high-band or “higher-band”
  • low-band or “lower-band”
  • a “low-band radiator” refers to a radiator from such a lower frequency band
  • a “high-band” radiator refers to a radiator from a higher frequency band.
  • high-frequency and “high-band” are both used to characterize a relatively higher frequency
  • low-frequency and “low-band” are both used to characterize a relatively lower frequency. Similar terms are used in different scenarios, the terms “high-frequency” and “low-frequency” throughout the whole specification are used to describe high-frequency signals and low-frequency signals, and the terms “high-band” and “low-band” throughout the whole specification are used to describe high-band radiators and low-band radiators.
  • a good system is the one that not only have excellent radiation or reception capabilities in its own operating band but it should also have the least interference and sensitivity with the other systems (those might be working over different frequency ranges or even over the same frequency band) coexisting in its surrounding.
  • the first component that interacts with the radio wave is an antenna, therefore if the antenna can have less sensitivity to radiations of other frequency bands, it will reduce the load on the signal processing side at almost free of cost.
  • the multiband antenna is new normal. Although the sub-1GHz band is considered as a golden band for cellular communication, within multiband antenna the low-band radiator’s performance is the most susceptible to the high-band radiators.
  • the higher band radiators those lie underneath the low-band radiators, resonate over the lower-band frequencies in the common-mode (CM) and deteriorate the radiation pattern of the antenna’s lower-band; some kinds of high-band radiators even do not have baluns and then the CM, however, they have good sensitivity and relatively good levels of radiation capability over the low-band’s operating frequency band.
  • the total system performance may be deteriorated due to these phenomenon. This would be one of challenges that antenna engineers may face during the design of multi-band antenna.
  • the low-band and the high-band meaning could be different in a multiband antenna.
  • 1695-2690MHz band could be the high-band and 690-960MHz could be the low-band.
  • disclosed technical solution is applied to resolve the coupling/scattering problem over the other combination of lower and higher frequency band partially or completely, it will still be in the scope of the present application.
  • the performance (e.g., gain may drop, self-isolation of the low-band radiator might deteriorate) of the lower-band radiator may be deteriorated, due to the higher sensitivity of high-band radiators in the low-band radiator’s operating frequency band (poor isolation between the low-band and the high-band) .
  • the objective of the present application is thus to address and then resolve the resonance (isolation) problem that arises in the higher-band radiator’s arms, for example, when the low-band radiator is placed in its surrounding in a multi-band antenna environment.
  • the antenna apparatus of the present application can also be applied in other antenna environments in addition to the multi-band antenna environment, which is not limited by the embodiments of the present application.
  • the present application provides antenna apparatus, an antenna system including said antenna apparatus and a base station including said antenna system.
  • the antenna apparatus incudes a high-band radiator configured to radiate a high-frequency signal, the high-band radiator includes two radiation elements with one of the radiation elements being a monopole, and the monopole is designed in such a way that it may let high-frequency signals pass and substantially stop the low-frequency signals, thereby achieving a good isolation effect; in addition, when the high-band radiator is combinedly used with a low-band radiator to form a multiband antenna, the design makes the high-band radiator least sensitive in the operating frequency band of the low-band radiator.
  • the present application provides antenna apparatus including a high-band radiator configured to radiate a high-frequency signal
  • the high-band radiator may include two radiation elements, and at least one of the two radiation elements is a monopole.
  • the two radiation elements are both monopoles and both have the same structure
  • the two monopoles may be co-axially arranged or may be arranged perpendicular to each other in a T shape.
  • one of the radiation elements is a monopole and the other radiation element is a dipole.
  • FIG. 1A-FIG. 1B Examples of the high-band radiator are shown in FIG. 1A-FIG. 1B and FIG. 2A-FIG. 2B, as well as in FIG. 8 which will be described later.
  • FIG. 1A illustrates a stereogram of a high-band radiator 100 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 1B illustrates a top view of the high-band radiator 100 shown in FIG. 1A.
  • the high-band radiator 100 includes two radiation elements which are both monopoles.
  • the first radiation element 110 and the second radiation element 120 are of the same structure.
  • the two radiation elements may also be referred to as two monopole arms.
  • the structure of the second radiation element may be different from that of the first radiation element, here an example is taken where the two are of the same structure, but the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto, as long as the second radiation element can form a high-band radiator with the fist radiation element (the monopole) .
  • the high-band radiator 100 includes a first radiation element 110 and a second radiation element 120, a polarization orientation of the first radiation element 110 is different to a polarization orientation of the second radiation element 120.
  • each of the two radiation elements 110 and 120 is a single-polarized monopole, and the two radiation elements 110 and 120 form a dual-polarized monopole radiator in combination.
  • the first radiation element 110 has a first main body 1101 and a first feeding end 1102, the first main body 1101 and the first feeding end 1102 are coupled with each other in a capacitive manner without physical contacts.
  • the first feeding end 1102 indicates an electrical excitation point for the first radiation element 110.
  • the second radiation element 120 has a second main body 1201 and a second feeding end 1202, the second main body 1201 and the second feeding end 1202 are coupled with each other in a capacitive manner without physical contacts.
  • the second feeding end 1202 indicates an electrical excitation point for the second radiation element 120.
  • the excitation of both the first radiation element and the second radiation element could be through different ways, for example, through a coaxial-cable, a microstrip or a suspended line, through capacitive coupling or by other possible mean known to those familiar with the antenna design, the specific feeding manner (the excitation) is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the first feeding end 1102 which may be a capacitive pad
  • its shape, size and the spacing from the first main body 1101 depend on the desired impedance value on a feed-line through which the first radiation element 110 is fed.
  • the first radiation element 110 and the second radiation element 120 are co-axially arranged perpendicular to each other.
  • the first main body 1101 and the second main body 1201 are co-axially arranged perpendicular to each other.
  • FIG. 1B it represents the arrangement that could be made to facilitate this coaxial arrangement of these two orthogonally polarized monopoles without any electrical connection between them, as the electrical connection could deteriorate in band isolation.
  • the point “A” in FIG. 1B represents the structural change made in both radiation elements forming arms of the dual-polarized monopole radiator for co-axial arrangement, the structural change that can facilitate the smooth assembly of the “total antenna” (i.e., the antenna apparatus including a high-band radiator made using these radiation elements) .
  • the total antenna i.e., the antenna apparatus including a high-band radiator made using these radiation elements
  • the common axis for the first main body 1101 and the second main body 1201 refers to an axis that passes through the two radiation elements of the dual-polarized monopole radiator over the point “A” where these two radiation elements cross each other.
  • this axis may not be necessarily to pass middle points of the two monopoles, the location of the point “A” can be determined based on actual needs.
  • the polarization orientation of the first radiation element 110 is perpendicular to the polarization orientation of the second radiation element 120.
  • the antenna apparatus including the high-band radiator 100 When installing the antenna apparatus including the high-band radiator 100, it is possible to arrange the first radiation element 110 and the second radiation element 120 in a perpendicular manner and rotate the combination counter-clockwise (or clockwise, depending on actual implementations) by 45 degrees with respect to the common axis, so as to obtain a dual-polarized high-band radiator 100.
  • first radiation element 110 and the second radiation element 120 may also be arranged in a “T” shape, as long as the polarization orientations of these two radiation elements are different.
  • an antenna is fed through a feeding network, and transforms an electrical signal provided by the feeding network into electromagnetic wave in a transmitting mode or performs inverse transformation in a receiving mode. Therefore, the antenna is often provided with a feeding point to which the feeding network is connected.
  • the first main body 1101 is configured to radiate (transmit/receive) electromagnetic wave and the first feeding end 1102 is connectable to a feeding network (not shown) , when the high-band radiator 100 is in an operating state.
  • the capacitor Since the first main body 1101 and the first feeding end 1102 are coupled with each other in a capacitive manner without physical contacts, therefore, the first main body 1101 and the first feeding end 1102 can form a capacitor, the capacitor has the characteristic of passing high-band frequency signals and blocking low-band frequency signals, i.e., the capacitor can function as a high-pass filter. In this way, possible low-band frequency signals in the surrounding environment of the high-band radiator 100 can be filtered by the capacitor formed by the first main body 1101 and the first feeding end 1102, thus achieving a good isolation effect; in addition, when the high-band radiator is combinedly used with low-band radiator to form a multiband antenna, the design makes the high-band radiator least sensitive in the operating frequency band of the low-band radiator.
  • the second radiation element 120 is of the same structure as the first radiation element 110 and thus follows the same working principle as the first radiation element 110.
  • FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B illustrate a schematic diagram of a high-band radiator 200 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the high-band radiator 200 shown in FIG. 2A includes a first radiator element 210 and a dipole 220.
  • the first radiator element 210 is a monopole in this embodiment, so the first radiator element 210 can also be referred to as the monopole 210.
  • the first radiation element 210 and the dipole 220 are arranged perpendicular to each other.
  • the first radiation element 210 may be arranged perpendicular to the X-Y plane, and the dipole 220 may also be arranged perpendicular to the X-Y plane.
  • the polarization orientation of the first radiation element 210 is thus perpendicular to the polarization orientation of the dipole 220, thus obtaining an orthogonally polarized high-band radiator.
  • the first radiation element 210 may include a first main body 2101 and a feeding end 2101, the first main body 2101 may be formed by three arms 210a, 210b and 210c, the detailed implementation of these arms will be described later with respect to the specific structure of the monopole. It should be noted that although in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B, the first radiation element is designed as having several arms, however, the number of the arms and the shapes of these arms are not limited in the embodiments of the present application, the radiation elements can be designed in other shapes.
  • the dipole 220 may include a main body 2201 and a feeding end 2202, the main body 2201 includes two radiation arms 220a, 220b.
  • the monopole 210 and the dipole 220 are fed through different feeding ends, that is, the monopole 210 is fed through the feeding end 2202 and the dipole 220 is fed through the feeding end 2202.
  • the other radiation element may be a monopole or a dipole.
  • the specific implementation of the other radiation element may be determined based on actual needs, and is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • antennas for the single-polarized radiation, or for the dual-polarized radiation.
  • the antenna is of a dual-polarized type, however, it should be noted that the technical solutions of the present application also apply to other types of antennas.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides antenna apparatus including a high-band radiator configured to radiate a high-frequency signal; the high-band radiator comprises a first radiation element and a second radiation element, a polarization orientation of the first radiation element is different to a polarization orientation of the second radiation element, where the first radiation element is a monopole; the first radiation element has a first main body and a first feeding end, the first main body and the first feeding end are coupled with each other in a capacitive manner without physical contacts. In this way, the first radiation element (monopole) may let high-frequency signals pass and substantially block the low-frequency signals, thereby achieving a good isolation effect.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram of a multiband antenna according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the multiband antenna 300 includes two low-band radiators 310a and 310b, and four high-band dual-polarized radiators, where one high band radiator is formed by two polarization arms 320a and 320b, the other is formed by two polarization arms 320c and 320d.
  • Each of the low-band radiators 310a and 310b is configured to radiator a low-band frequency signal
  • each of the high-band radiators 320a-320d is configured to radiator a high-band frequency signal.
  • Both low-band and the high-band radiators are placed on a same reflector 330, here the reflector 330 also works as the ground plane for these radiators.
  • the high-band radiators are normally arranged below the low-band radiators.
  • each of the high-band radiators may be of the same structure as the high-band radiator 100. In this way, the high-band radiator may have a good isolation property and thus rendering the whole performance of the multiband antenna better.
  • radiators shown in FIG. 3 are merely examples for ease of understanding.
  • the shapes, the arrangement and the numbers of the radiators can be adjusted according to actual needs, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the first main body 1101 and the second main body 1201 may both be divided into several arms.
  • the first main body 1101 may include radiation arms 1101a, 1101b and 1101c
  • the second main body 1201 may include radiation arms 1201a, 1201b and 1201c with respect to the specific structure of the monopole.
  • the specific structure of the first radiation element i.e., the monopole for constructing the high-band radiator will be elaborated with reference to the drawings.
  • the two radiation elements are designed as having several arms, however, the number of the arms and the shapes of these arms are not limited in the embodiments of the present application, the radiation elements can be designed in other shapes.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic structural side view of part of a first radiation element according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 A first main body of a first radiation element (monopole) is illustrated in FIG. 4.
  • This first radiation element (which is actually a single-polarized monopole and can also be referred to as the monopole) may be printed on a substrate 420, the substrate 420 may be, for example, a printed circuit board (PCB) and is connected to a reflector or a ground place 430. It is also possible to simply put the first radiation element in air, the specific arranging manner of the first radiation element is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the first main body 1101 of the first radiation element 110 or the second main body 1201 of the second radiation element 120 shown in FIGS. 1A-1B, as well as the first main body 2101 of the first radiation element 210 shown in FIGS. 2A-2B or the main bodies of the two radiation elements 810-820 in FIG. 8 may also be implemented as the first radiation element shown in FIG. 4, that is, without subsections on the radiation arms of the radiation element.
  • the three radiation arms 410a-410c form the first main body 410.
  • this first radiation element may also include a first feeding end that is responsible for providing excitation for the first main body 410, the structure of such first feeding end may be similar as the first feeding end 520 shown in following FIG. 5.
  • the three radiation arms form a U-shape and include a first radiation arm 410a, a second radiation arm 410b and a third radiation arm 410c.
  • the first radiation arm 410a and the third radiation arm 410c are horizontal arms parallel to each other, the second radiation arm 410b is a vertical arm perpendicular to both of the first radiation arm 410a and the third radiation arm 410c.
  • the horizontal arms of the first radiation element may be placed parallel to the reflector of the antenna apparatus.
  • the lengths and the thicknesses of these three radiation arms 410a-410c may affect the radiation pattern of the antenna apparatus including the high-band radiator which includes the first radiation element.
  • These possible design parameters are deciding factors to the impedance value of the first radiation element and are denoted as follows: the length and thickness of the first radiation arm 410a are denoted as L1 and T1, the length and thickness of the second radiation arm 410b are denoted as L2 and T2, the length and thickness of the third radiation arm 410c are denoted as L3 and T3, the distance between the first radiation arm 410a and the third radiation arm 410c is denoted as D1.
  • a sum of the length L1 of the first radiation arm 410a, the length L2 of the second radiation arm 410b and the length L3 of the third radiation arm 410c is substantially equal to a full wavelength of a center frequency of the high-band radiator, that is, the total length of the physical loop made of the three radiation arms 410a-410c is close to the full-wavelength of the center frequency of the operating band this high-band radiator intent for operation.
  • the high-band radiator may be the high-band radiator 100 shown in FIG. 1A-FIG. 1B or the high-band radiator 200 shown in FIG. 2A-FIG.
  • the center frequency of the high-band radiator may be calculated as: the speed of the light divided by the total length of the first main body 410 that is, L1+L2+L3.
  • the sum of the three lengths L1, L2 and L3 may be approximate to the full wavelength of the center frequency of the high-band radiator, rather than being exactly the same as the full wavelength. Nominal manufacturing tolerances are acceptable and these implementations also fall within in the protection scope of the present application.
  • the height of the monopole from the main reflector or the ground plane 430 on which the monopole is placed is also a possible design parameter that would affect the electrical performance (radiation pattern) of the antenna apparatus including the high-band radiator.
  • the height H1 of the monopole from the reflector or the ground plane 430 plays a key role in optimizing the impedance value of the monopole and an operating bandwidth.
  • the length L2 also has an effect on a front to back ratio (FBR) of said antenna apparatus in a working band of the monopole.
  • FBR front to back ratio
  • the ground plane is used for providing a reference ground for the first radiation element.
  • the monopole is fed through the feeding end in the vicinity of 420 through a feeding network, the impedance value directly affects the size of the feeding network, the higher impedance value might require the smaller the size of the feeding network. In this way, when putting several first radiation elements together, the feeding network of the total antenna would be more compact, thereby saving the space.
  • the radiation arms 410a-410c are illustrated as being physically connected together, however, in other embodiments, these three arms might be capacitive coupled to each other.
  • At least one of the three radiation arms shown in FIG. 4 may be divided into several subsections.
  • each radiation arm of the first main body of the first radiation element is divided into three subsections.
  • the number of radiation arm (s) that is (are) divided into subsections and the number of the subsections (if a radiation arm is divided) are not limited in the embodiments of the present application, both would be chosen based on actual needs, further fragmentation of a subsection of a radiation arm is also possible.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a stereogram of a first radiation element according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first radiation element 500 includes a first main body 510 and a first feeding end 520 through which the first radiation element 500 is excited to radiate, the first main body 510 and the first feeding end 520 are coupled with each other in a capacitive manner without physical contacts.
  • the first radiation element 500 may be the first radiation element 110 shown in FIGS. 1A-1B or the first radiation element 210 shown in FIGS. 2A-2B or the radiation elements 810-820 in FIG. 8.
  • the first feeding end 520 indicates an electrical excitation point for the first radiation element 510
  • the excitation could be through different ways, for example, through a coaxial-cable, a microstrip or a suspended line, through capacitive coupling or by other possible mean known to those familiar with the antenna design, the specific feeding manner (the excitation) is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the first feeding end 520 which may be a capacitive pad
  • its shape, size and the spacing from the first main body 510 depend on the desired impedance value on a feed-line 530 through which the first radiation element 500 is fed.
  • the first main body 510 of the first radiation element 500 is made of two horizontal radiation arms 510a and 510c and a vertical radiation arm 510b.
  • Each radiation arm 510a, 510b and 510c could be made out with multiple subsections with each section having different widths. This fragmentation of each radiation arm help better optimization of the total antenna performance over “various figure of merits” including but not limited to S-parameters such as a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) , self-isolation, cross-polarization, FBR, isolation between two radiation arms and far field related figure of merits such as a cross-polarization discriminator (XPD) , squint angle or peak gain of the antenna apparatus.
  • VSWR voltage standing wave ratio
  • FBR cross-polarization discriminator
  • XPD cross-polarization discriminator
  • the first radiation arm 510a is divided into three first subsections, thicknesses and lengths of the three first subsections are determined based on at least one of an impedance value of the first radiation element and an operating bandwidth of the high-band radiator; a distance between the first radiation arm 510a and a ground plane with respect to a feeding network of the high-band radiator which includes the first radiation element 500 is determined based on the impedance value of the first radiation element 500.
  • the ground plane may be, for example, the reflector or the ground plane 430 which provides a reference ground for the first radiation element 500.
  • the second radiation arm 510b is divided into three second subsections, thicknesses and lengths of the three second subsections are determined based on at least one of an impedance value of the first radiation element and an operating bandwidth of the high-band radiator which includes the first radiation element 500; a length of the second radiation arm 510b is determined based on the impedance value of the first radiation element 500.
  • the ground plane may be, for example, the reflector or the ground plane 430 which provides a reference ground for the first radiation element 500.
  • the third radiation arm 510c is also divided into three third subsections, thicknesses and lengths of the three third subsections are determined based on at least one of an impedance value of the first radiation element 500 and an operating bandwidth of the high-band radiator which includes the first radiation element 500; a length of the third radiation arm 510c is determined based on the impedance value of the first radiation element 500.
  • the ground plane may be, for example, the reflector or the ground plane 430 which provides a reference ground for the first radiation element 500.
  • FIG. 4 Similar as FIG. 4, possible design parameters would affect the electrical performance (radiation pattern) of the antenna apparatus including the first radiation element 500.
  • the difference between FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 lies in that: since the radiation arms of the first radiation element 500 are divided into subsections, there are thus more adjustable factors for achieving desired electrical performance.
  • each radiation arm 510a, 510b and 510c is made of subsections with different lengths and widths, on one hand, this fragmentation increases the number of adjustable factors and thus increases the adaptability of the high-band radiator which includes the first radiation element 500, this fragmentation introduces new parameters to adjust the conductive and the radiative “figure of merits” of the high-band radiator (the dual-polarized radiator) made out of the monopole; on the other hand, this fragmentation of the arms is made to facilitate the co-axial arrangement of the dual-polarized monopole radiator (as shown in ) without physical intersection, for example, as shown in FIG.
  • the two monopoles are arranged together by properly accommodating one monopole in gaps introduced by subsections of another monopole. It is visible from the embodiment that at least the horizontal radiation arms of the monopole need fragmentation and then the adjustment of size and shape of each arm’s subsections to facilitate the smooth coexistence of two monopoles (also referred to as polarizations arms) without interfering each other’s conductive and radiation performance.
  • the first radiation arm 510a is divided into three subsections, there may be different parameters for characterizing each subsection in terms of length and thickness, i.e., L11, L12, L13 which represent the lengths of these three subsections on the bottom surface, L21, L14, L15 which represent the lengths of these three subsections on the top surface, and T21, T12, T13 which represent the thicknesses of different subsections.
  • the second radiation arm 510b is also divided into three subsections, there may also be different parameters for characterizing each subsection in terms of length and thickness, i.e., L211, L212, L213 which represent the lengths of these three subsections, and T21, T22, L15 which represent the thicknesses of these three subsections.
  • the third radiation arm 510c is also divided into three subsections, there may also be different parameters for characterizing each subsection in terms of length and thickness, i.e., L31, L32, L33 which represent the lengths of these three subsections on the top surface, L211, L34, L35 which represent the lengths of these three subsections on the bottom surface, and T31, T32, T33 which represent the thicknesses of different subsections.
  • the middle subsection (the recess) of the first radiation arm 510a and the middle subsection (the recess) of the third radiation arm 510c facilitate the coaxial arrangement of the two orthogonally polarized monopoles (e.g., in the arrangement shown in FIG. 1A) .
  • the shapes and sizes of the subsections shown in FIG. 5 is only for illustration purpose, the shapes of these radiation arms and specific values of all the above-mentioned parameters may be set according to actual needs. It is possible to adjust these parameters to obtain any one or any combination of a desired impedance value, a desired operating bandwidth and a desired FBR. Besides, the sizes of different sections can be the same or different, for example, the length L21 may be equal to the length L11.
  • the first main body 510 and the first feeding end 520 are coupled together in a capacitive manner. Specifically, in a possible implementation manner, as shown in FIG.
  • the first feeding end 520 has a first slot 5201 and the first radiation arm 510a of the first radiation element 500 has a first protrusion 510a-1; the first protrusion 510a-1 is located on a free end of the first radiation arm 510a; there is no physical contacts between the first protrusion 510a-1 of the first radiation arm 510a and the first slot 5201 of the first feeding end 520 when the first protrusion 510a-1 is inserted into the first slot 5201.
  • the first protrusion 510a-1 could be the sub-section of the first radiation arm 510a that may or may not exist, depending on the feeding method adopted for particular scenario.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the embodiment of capacitive-coupled dual-polarized monopole radiator.
  • a protrusion 510a-1 is introduced
  • 5201 indicates the slot with appropriate size to facilitate the protrusion 510a-1 within it.
  • the slot 5201 has direct impact on the impedance value of the monopole radiator. This slot also makes the total monopole structure more resilient to the tolerance that comes in terms of separation between the monopole arm and the feeding end.
  • a capacitor is formed when the first protrusion 510a-1 is inserted into the first slot 5201.
  • the capacitance of the formed capacitor would also affect the impedance value of the high-band radiator which includes the first radiation element 500. For example, at least one of an area of a first top surface 5202 of the first feeding end 520, an area of a first bottom surface 510a-2 of the first radiation arm 510a corresponding to the first top surface 5202, a distance between the first top surface 5202 and the first bottom surface 510a-2 is determined based on an impedance value of the first radiation element 500. That is, at least one of the above three parameters would be adjusted to obtain a desired impedance value of the first radiation element 500.
  • the protrusion of the monopole arm can be accommodated therein, thus not only giving design freedom in choosing the capacitance value but improving the susceptibility to changes in terms of manufacturing and the assembly related tolerances.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a plane diagram of a first radiation element according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first radiation element 600 includes a first main body 610 and a first feeding end 620 through which the first radiation element 600 is excited to radiate, the first main body 610 and the first feeding end 620 are coupled with each other in a capacitive manner without physical contacts.
  • the first radiation element 600 includes three radiation arms 610a, 610b and 610c, and each of the radiation arm can be divided into subsections.
  • the two radiation arms 610a and 610c are parallel to each other, the radiation arm 610b is perpendicular to both of the radiation arm 610a and the radiation arm 610c.
  • the part between the line 610b-1 and the line 610b-2 is the radiation arm 610b
  • the part above the line 610c-1 is the radiation arm 610c
  • the part below the line 610a-1 is the radiation arm 610a.
  • Two radiation arms may overlap so that they could couple to each other, for example, the radiation arm 610c and the radiation arm 610b are overlapping on the upper left corner and the overlapping part is shown by a block with oblique lines (the block 630)
  • the radiation arm 610b and the radiation arm 610a are overlapping on the lower left corner and the overlapping part is shown by a block with transverse lines (the block 640) .
  • the radiation arm 610c is divided into three subsections due to the recess in the middle, the division of the subsections may be implemented according to actual needs, for example, still take the radiation arm 610c as an example, these three subsections may be the same in length, or each subsection may have a different length. Different design would produce different numbers of design parameters.
  • the principle following which the design parameters affect the electrical performance of the antenna apparatus including the first radiation element 600 are similar to those described with reference to FIG. 5, details will not be elaborated herein for the sake of brevity. Experimental diagrams reflecting effects of some exemplary parameters shown in FIG. 6 will be described later with reference to FIG. 7.
  • the second radiation element 120 shown in FIG. 1A may be of the same structure as the first radiation element 500.
  • the second radiation element 120 is a monopole
  • the second radiation element 120 has a second main body 1201 and a second feeding end 1202, the second main body 1201 and the second feeding end 1202 are coupled with each other in a capacitive manner without physical contacts.
  • the second main body 1201 is of a U-shape and includes a fourth radiation arm 1201a, a fifth radiation arm 1201b and a sixth radiation arm 1201c; the fourth radiation arm 1201a and the sixth radiation arm 1201c are parallel to each other, the fifth radiation arm 1201b is perpendicular to both of the fourth radiation arm 1201a and the sixth radiation arm 1201c; a sum of a length of the fourth radiation arm, a length of the fifth radiation arm and a length of the sixth radiation arm is substantially equal to a full wavelength of a center frequency of the high-band radiator 100.
  • the sum of the three lengths may be approximate to the full wavelength of the center frequency of the high-band radiator 100, rather than being exactly the same as the full wavelength. Nominal manufacturing tolerances are acceptable and these implementations also fall within in the protection scope of the present application.
  • the fourth radiation arm 1201a is divided into at least three second subsections, thicknesses and lengths of the at least three second subsections are determined based on at least one of an impedance value of the second radiation element 120 and an operating bandwidth of the high-band radiator 100; a distance between the first radiation arm and a ground plane with respect to a feeding network of the high-band radiator 100 is determined based on the impedance value of the second radiation element 120.
  • a distance between the first radiation arm and a ground plane with respect to a feeding network of the high-band radiator 100 is determined based on the impedance value of the second radiation element 120.
  • the second feeding end 1202 has a second slot and the fourth radiation arm 1201a of the second radiation element 120 has a second protrusion; the second protrusion is located on a free end of the fourth radiation arm 1201a; there is no physical contacts between the second protrusion of the fourth radiation arm 1201a and the second slot of the second feeding end 1202 when the second protrusion is inserted into the second slot.
  • the second feeding end 1202 For description of specific structures of the second feeding end 1202, reference may be made to related description of the first feeding end 520 and details will not be repeated herein.
  • At least one of an area of a second top surface of the second feeding end 1202, an area of a second bottom surface of the fourth radiation arm 1201a corresponding to the second top surface, a distance between the second top surface and second the bottom surface is determined based on an impedance value of the second radiation element 120.
  • an impedance value of the second radiation element 120 For description of specific structures of the second feeding end 1202, reference may be made to related description of the first feeding end 520 and details will not be repeated herein.
  • the fifth radiation arm 1201b is divided into at least three second subsections, thicknesses and lengths of the at least three second subsections are determined based on at least one of an impedance value of the second radiation element 120 and an operating bandwidth of the high-band radiator 100.
  • thicknesses and lengths of the at least three second subsections are determined based on at least one of an impedance value of the second radiation element 120 and an operating bandwidth of the high-band radiator 100.
  • the sixth radiation arm 1201c is divided into at least three third subsections, thicknesses and lengths of the at least three third subsections are determined based on at least one of an impedance value of the second radiation element 120 and an operating bandwidth of the high-band radiator 100.
  • thicknesses and lengths of the at least three third subsections are determined based on at least one of an impedance value of the second radiation element 120 and an operating bandwidth of the high-band radiator 100.
  • the three parameters include a parameter L1 in FIG. 6 which represents a length of a subsection of one horizontal radiation arm 610a of the first radiation element 600, a parameter T in FIG. 6 which represents a thickness of a subsection of one horizontal radiation arm 610a of the first radiation element 600, and a parameter L3 in FIG. 6 which represents a length of a subsection of the other horizontal radiation arm 610c of the first radiation element 600.
  • FIG. 7A illustrates a Smith diagram reflecting change of S parameters when the parameter L1 is set to different values
  • FIG. 7B illustrates change of the impedance value of the first radiation element when the parameter T is set to different values
  • FIG. 7C illustrates a Smith diagram reflecting change of S parameters when the parameter L2 is set to different values.
  • FIG. 7A there are five lines which show changes of the antenna’s performance with respect to changes of the value of L1, m1 and m2 on the solid line represent the starting point and the ending point, in this figure, m1 represents 2.2GHz and m2 represents 2.7GHz.
  • Each line corresponds to a different value of L1, here we simply change the value of L1 with respect to an initial value L1 initial , this initial situation is shown by the middle line in the figure (the third one when counting from the innermost or the outermost) .
  • the corresponding values of L1 are (L1 initial +6mm) , (L1 initial + 3mm) , L1 initial , (L1 initial -3mm) and (L1 initial -6mm)
  • the middle line indicates the initial situation when L1 equals to the initial value, so it is clear that, when L1 gets smaller, m1 and m2 comes closer, and when L1 gets larger, m1 and m2 moves away from each other.
  • the solid line i.e., with the largest L1 with marked m1 and m2 is the desired line.
  • FIG. 7B there are three lines which show changes of the impedance of the antenna with respect to changes of the value of T.
  • the three lines include a solid line, a dotted line 720 and a dashed line 730, compared with the dashed line 730, the dotted line 720 has a lager maximum value and changes relatively fast.
  • T initial we also change the value of T with respect to an initial value T initial , this initial situation is shown by the dotted line 720.
  • Different lines correspond to different values of T, the solid line 710 corresponds to (T initial + 4mm) , the dotted line 720 corresponds to T initial , and the dashed line 730 corresponds to (T initial -4mm) respectively.
  • the solid line 710 may be the desired line. It should be noted that the simulation requirement for FIG. 7B may be that, for the whole frequency band as illustrated on the horizontal axis, the value of the impedance is assumed to be close to 50Ohms ⁇ 10% (that is, the change of the impedance is smaller or equal to 10%of 50Ohms) .
  • FIG. 7C there are five lines which show changes of the antenna’s performance with respect to an initial value of L2, m1 and m2 on the solid line represent the starting point and the ending point, in this figure, m1 represents 2.2GHz and m2 represents 2.7GHz.
  • Each line corresponds to a different value of L2, here we simply change the value of L2 with respect to an initial value L2 initial , this initial situation is shown by the middle line in the figure (the third one when counting from the innermost or the outermost) .
  • the corresponding values of L2 are (L2 initial + 6mm) , (L2 initial + 3mm) , L2 initial , (L2 initial -3mm) and (L2 initial -6mm)
  • the middle line indicates the initial situation when L2 equals to the initial value, so it is clear that, when L2 gets smaller, m1 and m2 comes closer, and when L1 gets larger, m1 and m2 moves away from each other.
  • the innermost line i.e., with the largest L2 is the desired line.
  • the two single-polarized monopoles are both of a planar structure
  • the planar structure does not mean that the monopole is on the same plane (the monopole is actually of a stereostructure)
  • the expression “planar” is introduced here with respect to the folded structure and simply means that the monopole is not folded. The folded structure will be described later with reference to the drawings.
  • the two monopoles forming the high-band radiator may be arranged in a co-axial manner as described with reference to FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B.
  • the high-band radiator 800 includes two radiation elements which are both monopoles.
  • the first radiation element 810 and the second radiation element 820 are of the same structure. Different from the arrangement in FIG. 1A, in FIG. 8, the first radiation element 810 and the second radiation element 820 are arranged perpendicular to each other in a T shape.
  • the first radiation element 110 for the specific structure of the first radiation element 810 and the design principle, reference may be made to the first radiation element 110 in the above description.
  • the orthogonal arrangement of the two radiation elements either in a cross manner or in a T shape, would be beneficial for reducing the isolation there between.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a top view of polarization orientations of a high-band radiator according to an embodiment of the present application and simply shows the conceptual schematic to design a dual-polarized radiator made through the perpendicularly arranged monopoles depicted in FIG. 1A-1C and FIG. 8. Since the two radiation elements of the high-band radiator are perpendicularly arranged, therefore, they can form a dual-polarized monopole radiator.
  • the two radiation elements shown in FIG. 1A and FIG. 8 are also referred to as two monopole arms in FIG. 9 and may provide such polarization.
  • FIG. 10A illustrates a top view of a folded first radiation element according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 10B illustrates a schematic structural side view of the first radiation element shown in FIG. 10A
  • FIG. 11 A reference line (dashed line with arrow in FIG. 11) is indicated therein through which the first radiation element 1000 can be folded to achieve a much compacter size.
  • the first radiation element 1000 is a single-polarized folded monopole which is printed on a substrate 1020 (shown in FIG. 11) , the substrate 1020 is connected to a reflector or a ground place 1030 (which is more clearly shown in FIG. 11) .
  • the first radiation element 1000 includes a first main body 1010 and a first feeding end 1020.
  • the folded first radiation element 1000 is shown more clearly in FIG. 10C, which is a stereogram of the first radiation element 1000 shown in FIG. 10A.
  • FIG. 12A illustrates a schematic diagram of a polarization orientation of a folded first radiation element according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • a horizontal section and a vertical section are obtained by folding, and a polarization orientation of 45 degrees can be provided by the folded first radiation element, i.e., the folded monopole.
  • FIG. 12B illustrates a schematic diagram of polarization orientations of a high-band radiator formed by two folded monopoles according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12B when the first radiation element is a folded monopole and has a structure shown in FIG. 10A-FIG.
  • the second radiation element is also of the same structure as the first radiation element
  • the high-band formed by the first radiation element and the second radiation element has thus two folded monopoles, and each monopole is responsible for one polarization orientation.
  • each monopole is responsible for one polarization orientation.
  • FIG. 1A or in FIG. 8 when both of the two monopoles are of a planar structure, when installing the antenna apparatus including the high-band radiator made by two folded monopoles, it is possible to simply arrange the two folded monopoles in a back-to-back manner as shown in FIG. 12B so as to obtain a dual-polarized high-band radiator.
  • back-to-back manner refers to that vertical sections of the first main body of the first radiation element and the second main body of the second radiation element are parallel to each other, and the horizontal sections of the first main body of the first radiation element and the second main body of the second radiation element are substantially in a line.
  • the horizontal arms of the monopole could be straight lines with subsections or those could be folded with desired angles, in a way that the polarization orientation does not change from its original form.
  • Both straight line based monopoles or folded monopoles provide the same conductive and radiation performance.
  • a parasitic element can be added to the high-band radiator. It should be noted that here although the description is made by taking FIG. 1A as an example, however, the addition of the parasitic element is also applicable to high-band radiators in other embodiments.
  • FIG. 13A illustrates a stereogram of another high-band radiator according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the high-band radiator 1300 includes a dual-polarized monopole radiator 1310 and a parasitic element 1320 provided in the proximity of the dual-polarized monopole radiator 1310 to widen the operating bandwidth in terms of S-parameters and the radiation performance including return loss, the self-isolation between two ports (one for each polarization) , cross-polarization differentiator, stable gain, low-beam squint etc.
  • the dual-polarized monopole radiator 1310 includes two radiation elements, a first radiation element 1310a and a second radiation element 1310b, reference may be made to the above description for the specific structure of these radiation elements, which will not be repeated herein again.
  • the parasitic element 1320 has slots 1320a and 1320b so as to avoid direct physical contacts between the radiation elements 1310a and 1310b of the dual-polarized monopole radiator 1310 and the parasitic element 1320, if separation between the dual-polarized monopole radiator 1310 and the parasitic element 1320 is reduced.
  • the lengths of these slots 1320a and 1320b are longer than the longest radiation arm of the monopole.
  • the slots 1320a-1320b may be orthogonal so as to adapt to the arrangement of the first radiation elements 1310a and 1310b.
  • these slots facilitate the current induction and then the distribution over the parasitic element 1320 in a symmetric fashion so that the radiating electromagnetism (EM) energy can be directive over the wider frequency band.
  • EM electromagnetism
  • FIG. 13B illustrates a schematic top view of the parasitic element shown in FIG. 13A.
  • the slots 1320a-1320b are used for facilitating smooth assembly and the symmetric current induction over the parasitic element.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a characteristic mode antenna (CMA) based parasitic element according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the CMA based parasitic element 1400 could be used to widen the operating bandwidth in terms of S-parameters and the radiation performance including return loss, the self-isolation between two ports (one for each polarization) , cross-polarization differentiator, stable gain, low-beam squint etc. of proposed monopole radiator.
  • the parameters W and L shown in FIG. 14 represent the width and the length of a sub-cell of the CMA respectively, and the parameter G represents the spacing between two CMA’s sub-cells.
  • the CMA based parasitic element 1400 may be arranged on top of the antenna apparatus (for example, the antenna apparatus shown in FIG. 1A) without any physical contact with the antenna apparatus. When fixing the working frequency of the antenna apparatus, it is possible to adjust all these parameters G, W, L and the height from the CMA based parasitic element 1400 to the antenna apparatus to achieve desired electrical performance.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates a value of isolation between low-band and high-bands radiators in low-band’s operating frequency band.
  • the vertical axis represents the scale on which the isolation between the low-band and the high-band is measured, and the horizontal axis represents frequency points from the low-band’s operating frequency band over which the isolation between low-band and the high-bands radiator is measured.
  • the dashed line represents the isolation curve when the high-band radiator is fed though direct physical contact with a feeding line, and the solid line represents the isolation curve when the high-band radiator is fed though a capacitive coupled pad. It is thus shown that the capacitive coupling manner could provide better isolation performance.
  • the radiation arms of the monopoles are illustrated as being physically connected together, however, in other embodiments, these three radiation arms might be capacitive coupled to each other.
  • the first radiation arm 1101a, the second radiation arm 1101b and the third radiation arm 1101c of the first radiation element 110 can also be coupled together in a capacitive manner.
  • the fourth radiation arm 1201a, the fifth radiation arm 1201b and the sixth radiation arm 1201c of the second radiation element 120 can also be coupled together in a capacitive manner.
  • the same capacitive coupling manner would be also applicable to other monopoles shown in the drawings.
  • the present application also provides an antenna system including a low-band radiator and a high-band radiator described in the above embodiments.
  • the present application also provides base station, including antenna apparatus including the aforementioned antenna system.
  • the base station may further include a reflector, which works as a ground plane for both of the low-band radiator and the high-band radiator.
  • the multiband base station antenna includes a reflector that is common to all bands radiators/dipoles and to all the radiators.
  • the multiband for example here the dual-band, comprise low and high-bands.
  • the high-band radiator comprises the two sets of monopoles, one for each polarization where each monopole is made of three key section, the two horizontal arms each with the length of about half wavelength of high-band’s center frequency and one vertical section, bridging the two horizontal arms from their common open ends, as those horizontal arms are placed in same plane, perpendicular to the antennas main reflector.
  • the total length of the radiation arms of the monopole, from its feeding end, is about full wavelength of the high-band radiator’s center frequency.
  • the monopoles are fed through capacitive coupling using the microstrip line or the suspended line based metallic pad, of a finite size.
  • the monopole arm is fragmented in multiple sections that give the design variables to optimize the monopoles conduction and the radiation performance within its own operating frequency band and over the operating band of others radiators, part of same multiband antenna platform.
  • the section of monopole’s horizontal arm that is in main reflector’s close proximity is shaped in a way to control the capacitive reactance and the total radiator impedance value for the optimal impedance matching in its own operating frequency band and to have the least sensitivity in the low-bands operating frequency band.
  • the optimal impedance matching and the high-band pass filter performance that achieve through capacitive coupling, not only the shape and size of the microstrip line based metallic pad (for example, 1102 or 1202 shown in FIG. 1A) is important but the spacing between the monopole and the metallic pad plays a key role.
  • a monopole based radiator fed through capacitive coupling has been proposed to reduce the isolation between low-band and the high-band radiators in low-band’s operating frequency band.
  • the proposed monopole’s size, shape and the way to fragmenting its structure into sub-sections produce the unique dual-polarized radiator that is ideal for multiband antenna environment considering its least sensitivity in low-band’s radiator operating frequency band.
  • Computer-readable media may include computer-readable storage media, which corresponds to a tangible medium such as data storage media, or communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another, e.g., according to a communication protocol.
  • computer-readable media generally may correspond to (1) tangible computer-readable storage media which is non-transitory or (2) a communication medium such as a signal or carrier wave.
  • Data storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by one or more computers or one or more processors to retrieve instructions, code and/or data structures for implementation of the techniques described in this application.
  • a computer program product may include a computer-readable medium.

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

Des modes de réalisation de la présente invention concernent un appareil d'antenne, un système d'antenne et une station de base. L'appareil d'antenne comprend un élément rayonnant à bande haute configuré pour émettre un signal haute fréquence, l'élément rayonnant à bande haute peut comprendre deux éléments de rayonnement ayant des orientations de polarisation différentes, l'un des éléments de rayonnement est un monopôle et est conçu de telle sorte que son corps principal et son extrémité d'alimentation sont couplés l'un à l'autre de manière capacitive sans contacts physiques. Avec cette conception, le monopôle peut laisser passer des signaux haute fréquence et bloquer sensiblement les signaux basse fréquence, ce qui permet d'obtenir un bon effet d'isolation.
PCT/CN2022/073601 2022-01-24 2022-01-24 Appareil d'antenne, système d'antenne et station de base WO2023137770A1 (fr)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008017047A (ja) * 2006-07-04 2008-01-24 Ntt Docomo Inc 無給電素子を備えたマルチアンテナ
US20120280879A1 (en) * 2011-05-02 2012-11-08 Andrew Llc Tri-Pole Antenna Element And Antenna Array
US20140256388A1 (en) * 2013-03-07 2014-09-11 Htc Corporation Hairpin element for improving antenna bandwidth and antenna efficiency and mobile device with the same
CN104347921A (zh) * 2013-07-29 2015-02-11 启碁科技股份有限公司 功率分配器及射频装置
CN107078404A (zh) * 2015-06-20 2017-08-18 华为技术有限公司 用于信号的三极化天线元件
US20210359407A1 (en) * 2020-05-13 2021-11-18 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Antenna system and wireless device

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008017047A (ja) * 2006-07-04 2008-01-24 Ntt Docomo Inc 無給電素子を備えたマルチアンテナ
US20120280879A1 (en) * 2011-05-02 2012-11-08 Andrew Llc Tri-Pole Antenna Element And Antenna Array
US20140256388A1 (en) * 2013-03-07 2014-09-11 Htc Corporation Hairpin element for improving antenna bandwidth and antenna efficiency and mobile device with the same
CN104347921A (zh) * 2013-07-29 2015-02-11 启碁科技股份有限公司 功率分配器及射频装置
CN107078404A (zh) * 2015-06-20 2017-08-18 华为技术有限公司 用于信号的三极化天线元件
US20210359407A1 (en) * 2020-05-13 2021-11-18 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Antenna system and wireless device

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