WO2023134499A1 - 基于声表面波传感器的自供电压力测量系统及其工作方法 - Google Patents

基于声表面波传感器的自供电压力测量系统及其工作方法 Download PDF

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WO2023134499A1
WO2023134499A1 PCT/CN2023/070085 CN2023070085W WO2023134499A1 WO 2023134499 A1 WO2023134499 A1 WO 2023134499A1 CN 2023070085 W CN2023070085 W CN 2023070085W WO 2023134499 A1 WO2023134499 A1 WO 2023134499A1
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voltage
pressure
acoustic wave
surface acoustic
battery
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PCT/CN2023/070085
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English (en)
French (fr)
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蒋华
蒋建伟
杨永杰
章国安
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南通大学
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/25—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons
    • G01L1/255—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons using acoustic waves, or acoustic emission
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L11/00—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00
    • G01L11/04—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00 by acoustic means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/32—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from a charging set comprising a non-electric prime mover rotating at constant speed
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
    • H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of surface acoustic wave sensors, and in particular relates to a self-powered pressure measurement system based on a voltage-controlled surface acoustic wave sensor and a working method thereof.
  • the surface acoustic wave sensor is a new type of micro-acoustic sensor developed in recent years. It uses a surface acoustic wave device as a sensing element and passes the measured information through the change of the speed or frequency of the surface acoustic wave in the surface acoustic wave device. It is reflected and converted into an electrical signal output by the sensor.
  • the surface acoustic wave sensor can accurately measure physical and chemical information, such as temperature, pressure, gas density, etc., because the surface acoustic wave sensor can concentrate the signal on the surface of the substrate and has a high operating frequency, it has extremely high information sensitivity and accuracy, and can quickly It can convert the detected information into electrical signal output, which has the characteristics of real-time information detection; in addition, the surface acoustic wave sensor also has the advantages of miniaturization, integration, passive, low cost, low power consumption, and direct frequency signal output. Therefore, it has been widely used in the field of analog digital communication and sensor technology.
  • the current pressure measurement system uses a traditional pressure sensor to measure data. After the pressure is applied, the surface of the pressure sensor is deformed, which causes the shape change of the built-in resistor. The deformation of the resistor causes the change of the resistance value, and the change of the resistance value The corresponding electrical signal is generated by changing the internal current, and the electrical signal can be displayed digitally after being processed. Conventional pressure sensors are less sensitive.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a self-powered pressure measurement system based on a voltage-controlled surface acoustic wave sensor and its working method, which can measure pressure more accurately and sensitively, and can be self-powered, free from the trouble of requiring an external power supply, and easy to use. In order to solve the defects or problems raised in the background technology.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a self-powered pressure measurement system based on a voltage-controlled surface acoustic wave sensor, which is characterized in that it includes a pressure measurement input module, a pressure measurement output module, a DC conversion module, and a power supply module;
  • the pressure measurement input module includes a pressure-controlled surface acoustic wave sensor; the surface acoustic wave sensor is used to deform the sensitive film under pressure and generate a sinusoidal oscillation signal; the surface acoustic wave sensor generates Sinusoidal oscillation signals with different center frequencies;
  • the pressure measurement output module includes a PWM modulation circuit, a frequency detector, a pressure conversion circuit and an LCD display; the PWM modulation circuit is used to convert an analog signal into a digital signal; the frequency detector is used to modulate the PWM modulation circuit Digital signal frequency detection; the pressure conversion circuit performs pressure conversion according to the linear relationship between pressure and frequency; the LCD display is used to display the output pressure value;
  • the DC conversion module is composed of a rectifier circuit, a filter circuit, and a voltage stabilizing circuit, and the DC conversion module is used to convert the sinusoidal oscillation signal output by the surface acoustic wave sensor into a stable DC voltage; the DC conversion module provided The voltage is used to charge the power supply module;
  • the power supply module includes a battery status query submodule, a first switch, a second switch, a first battery, and a second battery; the battery status query submodule is used to query whether the first battery and the second battery are in a fully charged state , the DC conversion module charges the first battery or the second battery according to the situation inquired by the battery status query sub-module; when the first battery is fully charged, the DC conversion module charges the second battery, and the DC in the first battery The voltage is used to power the entire system; the first battery is not fully charged, the DC conversion module charges the first battery, and the DC voltage in the second battery is used to supply power to the entire pressure measurement system.
  • the piezoelectric substrate of the voltage-controlled surface acoustic wave sensor is made of piezoelectric material quartz, and the electrode material is aluminum.
  • the voltage-controlled surface acoustic wave sensor consists of a voltage-controlled phase shifter, an amplifier, a reflection grid A, an input transducer A, an output transducer B, a reflection grid B, a reflection grid C, an input transducer device C, pressure-sensitive film, output transducer D, and reflective grating array D;
  • the reflective grating array A, input transducer A, output transducer B, and reflective grating array B constitute a surface acoustic wave double-ended resonator One;
  • the reflective grid array C, input transducer C, pressure-sensitive film, output transducer D, and reflective grid array D form a surface acoustic wave double-ended resonator 2;
  • the double-ended resonator 1 and the amplifier form a circuit
  • Surface acoustic wave oscillator 1 the double-ended resonator 2
  • amplifier and voltage-controlled phase shifter constitute another surface acoustic wave oscillator 2
  • the rectification circuit includes a bridge rectification circuit composed of diode D1, diode D2, diode D3 and diode D4, and the rectification circuit is used to convert the sinusoidal oscillation signal Vi output by the voltage-controlled surface acoustic wave sensor to a negative value The voltage is adjusted to the corresponding rated positive voltage; the filter circuit includes a polar capacitor C0, and the filter circuit is used to convert the rectified voltage V1 into a DC voltage; the voltage stabilization circuit includes a three-terminal regulator LM7812, The voltage stabilizing circuit is used to stabilize the fluctuating voltage to a constant voltage to supply power to the battery.
  • the battery state inquiry sub-module can be completed by a voltage measurement chip, and whether the battery is fully charged can be judged by measuring whether the voltage in the battery reaches the rated voltage.
  • first switch is connected to the first battery
  • second switch is connected to the second battery
  • An embodiment of the present invention is a working method of a self-powered pressure measurement system based on a voltage-controlled surface acoustic wave sensor, which is characterized in that it includes the following steps:
  • the sensitive film of the surface acoustic wave sensor deforms and generates a sinusoidal oscillation signal Vi; the sinusoidal oscillation signal Vi is transmitted to the DC conversion module as a pressure measurement input signal;
  • the DC conversion module rectifies the sinusoidal oscillation signal Vi through the rectification circuit.
  • the rectification circuit uses the unidirectional conductivity of the diode to adjust the negative voltage of the sinusoidal oscillation signal Vi to the corresponding rated positive voltage; connect a
  • the polar capacitor C0 can convert the rectified voltage V1 into a DC voltage; the DC voltage can stabilize the fluctuating voltage into a constant voltage Vo through the voltage stabilizing circuit to supply power to the power supply module;
  • the first switch When the measurement system starts to work, the first switch is closed and the second switch is opened.
  • the DC voltage output by the voltage regulator chip LM7812 charges the first battery.
  • the voltage of the first battery is detected through the battery status query sub-module. If the rated voltage is 3.6V, it means that the first battery is fully charged, then the first switch is turned off, the second switch is closed, the DC voltage charges the second battery, and the DC voltage in the first battery is used to power the entire pressure measurement system; at this time, Detect whether the second battery reaches the rated voltage. If it reaches the rated voltage, at this time, the first battery is not fully charged.
  • the DC conversion module charges the first battery, and the DC voltage in the second battery is used to power the entire pressure measurement system; The charging and discharging of the battery provides power for the measurement system and realizes the passiveization of the system;
  • the sinusoidal oscillation signal output by the pressure measurement input module is voltage Vi, which is input to the pressure measurement output module, and the sinusoidal oscillation signal output by the voltage-controlled surface acoustic wave sensor is changed into a square wave through PWM modulation, realizing the analog signal
  • the conversion to a digital signal, and the frequency of the square wave has a corresponding relationship with the frequency of the sinusoidal oscillating signal.
  • the frequency detector by taking the midpoint when the adjacent voltage value is 0, the frequency detector measurement can be obtained
  • the output frequency is 10 times of the output frequency of the pressure-controlled surface acoustic wave sensor; the pressure conversion circuit converts the pressure according to the linear correspondence between the pressure and the frequency, and displays the pressure value through the LCD display.
  • the linear correspondence between the pressure and the frequency is obtained by the following method: before the pressure conversion, the relationship between the output frequency and the pressure of the pressure-controlled surface acoustic wave sensor can be tested first, through different The known pressure acts on the pressure-controlled surface acoustic wave sensor, the pressure-controlled surface acoustic wave sensor outputs different frequencies, and the linear correspondence between pressure and frequency is obtained, and the measured frequency and pressure can be used to fit the pressure-controlled surface acoustic wave
  • the corresponding relationship between pressure and frequency of the wave sensor can be converted by using Cyclone IV to realize the conversion of frequency and pressure by writing the program through the hardware description language.
  • a self-powered pressure measurement system based on a voltage-controlled surface acoustic wave sensor of the present invention and its working method realize that when measuring pressure, not only can the specific value be displayed quickly and accurately through the LCD display, but also through the self-powered
  • the module realizes the collection of the signal energy output by the voltage-controlled surface acoustic wave sensor, supplies power for the whole device, and realizes the passivity of the measurement system.
  • the invention measures the pressure quickly and accurately, and at the same time realizes the self-power supply of the pressure measurement system through DC conversion .
  • the signals in the two-way oscillators of the present invention are superimposed at the input end of the amplifier to obtain the in-phase component and the quadrature component.
  • the quadrature component is zero, that is, the phase offset of the amplifier input current is an integer multiple of 2 ⁇
  • the non-inverting component makes the open-loop gain greater than 1, that is, when the product of the amplitude of the amplifier input current and the amplifier gain is greater than 1, the voltage control
  • the SAW sensor oscillates to produce a sine wave output.
  • the insertion loss of the surface acoustic wave resonator is smaller than that of the surface acoustic wave delay line, and the Q value of the surface acoustic wave resonator is larger than that of the surface acoustic wave delay line, and it is composed of two surface acoustic wave resonators
  • the voltage-controlled surface acoustic wave sensor is easier to achieve single-mode oscillation, so the frequency stability of the voltage-controlled surface acoustic wave sensor is higher.
  • the voltage-controlled surface acoustic wave sensor of the present invention has the advantages of high precision, small size, low power consumption, strong sensitivity, etc., and can work in passive and wireless conditions, so it can be used to replace traditional pressure sensors.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural block diagram of a self-powered pressure measurement system based on a voltage-controlled surface acoustic wave sensor of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a surface acoustic pressure sensor in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a working flow chart of the battery status query sub-module in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of PWM modulation in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a DC conversion circuit in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of waveforms during DC conversion in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected or electrically connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in specific situations.
  • a self-powered pressure measurement system based on a voltage-controlled surface acoustic wave sensor includes a pressure measurement input module 1, a pressure measurement output module 2, a DC conversion module 3, and a power supply module 4 through the system shown in Figure 1 ;
  • the pressure measurement input module 1 includes a pressure-controlled surface acoustic wave sensor; the surface acoustic wave sensor is used to deform the sensitive film under pressure 11 and generate a sinusoidal oscillation signal; the surface acoustic wave sensor increases with the pressure 11 Different applied sinusoidal oscillating signals that generate different center frequencies;
  • the pressure measurement output module 2 includes a PWM modulation circuit 21, a frequency detector 22, a pressure conversion circuit 23 and an LCD display 24;
  • the PWM modulation circuit 21 is used to convert the analog signal converted into a digital signal;
  • the frequency detector 22 is used to modulate the digital signal frequency of the PWM modulation circuit 21;
  • the pressure conversion circuit 23 performs pressure conversion according to the linear relationship between the pressure 11 and the frequency;
  • the LCD display 24 Used to
  • the signal energy output by the voltage-controlled surface acoustic wave sensor can be collected through the self-power supply module 4, and the power supply for the entire device can be realized. Passivation of the measurement system.
  • the voltage-controlled surface acoustic wave sensor consists of a voltage-controlled phase shifter, an amplifier, a reflection grid A, an input transducer A, an output transducer B, a reflection grid B, a reflection grid C, an input transducer Transducer C, pressure sensitive film, output transducer D, reflective grating array D; said reflective grating array A, input transducer A, output transducer B, and reflective grating array B form a surface acoustic wave double-ended resonance Device 1; the reflective grating array C, input transducer C, pressure-sensitive film, output transducer D, and reflective grating array D form a surface acoustic wave double-ended resonator 2.
  • double-terminal resonator 1 and amplifier form one surface acoustic wave oscillator
  • double-terminal resonator 2 amplifier and voltage-controlled phase shifter form another surface acoustic wave oscillator 2
  • the two-way oscillator The signals are superimposed at the input of the amplifier to obtain in-phase and quadrature components.
  • the quadrature component is zero, that is, the phase offset of the amplifier input current is an integer multiple of 2 ⁇
  • the non-inverting component makes the open-loop gain greater than 1, that is, when the product of the amplitude of the amplifier input current and the amplifier gain is greater than 1, the voltage control
  • the SAW sensor oscillates to produce a sine wave output.
  • the insertion loss of the surface acoustic wave resonator is smaller than that of the surface acoustic wave delay line, and the Q value of the surface acoustic wave resonator is larger than that of the surface acoustic wave delay line, and it is composed of two surface acoustic wave resonators
  • the voltage-controlled surface acoustic wave sensor is easier to achieve single-mode oscillation, so the frequency stability of the voltage-controlled surface acoustic wave sensor is higher.
  • the piezoelectric substrate of the voltage-controlled surface acoustic wave sensor is made of piezoelectric material quartz with an electromechanical coupling coefficient of 0.16%, and the electrodes are made of aluminum.
  • the center frequency of the voltage-controlled surface acoustic wave sensor is 50MHz.
  • the pressure-sensitive film of the voltage-controlled surface acoustic wave sensor is slightly deformed, and the frequency of the output sinusoidal oscillation signal is around 50MHz.
  • Circuit 21 divides the output sinusoidal oscillation signal into 10 equal parts according to equal intervals, and corresponds to each part of the waveform with a square wave pulse of equal area, so that the midpoint of the sine wave coincides with the midpoint of the corresponding square wave, according to the impulse Equivalent principle, the square wave in Fig. 4 is equivalent to the sinusoidal oscillating signal, the sinusoidal oscillating signal output by the voltage-controlled surface acoustic wave sensor is changed into a square wave through the PWM modulation circuit 21, and the conversion of the analog signal to the digital signal is realized, and The frequency of the square wave has a corresponding relationship with the frequency of the sinusoidal oscillating signal.
  • the frequency detector 22 by taking the midpoint when the adjacent voltage value is 0, as shown by the dotted line in Figure 4, the frequency detector can be obtained 22
  • the measured frequency is 10 times the output frequency of the voltage-controlled surface acoustic wave sensor.
  • the relationship between the output frequency of the voltage-controlled surface acoustic wave sensor and the pressure 11 can be tested first.
  • the voltage-controlled surface acoustic wave sensor outputs different frequencies. Due to the linear correspondence between pressure 11 and frequency, the measured frequency and pressure 11 can be used to fit the corresponding relationship between pressure 11 and frequency of the pressure-controlled surface acoustic wave sensor, and the Cyclone IV realizes the conversion between frequency and pressure 11, and displays the pressure value through LCD display 24.
  • the DC conversion module 3 is mainly realized by rectification, filtering, and voltage stabilization.
  • the sinusoidal oscillation signal output by the surface acoustic wave oscillator is first rectified, that is, the negative half-period waveform of the sinusoidal oscillation signal is transformed into a corresponding In the positive half period, the AC component can be reduced and the DC component can be increased through the filtering of the filter capacitor, and finally the voltage is stabilized by the voltage stabilizing circuit 33 to keep the DC voltage constant.
  • the sinusoidal oscillation signal Vi output by the voltage-controlled surface acoustic wave sensor first passes through the bridge rectifier circuit 31 composed of D1, D2, D3, and D4, and the sinusoidal oscillation signal Vi can be converted to The negative voltage of the oscillation signal Vi is adjusted to the corresponding rated positive voltage.
  • the rectifier bridge is connected with a polar capacitor C0, the rectified voltage V1 can be converted into a DC voltage. Since the rectified voltage fluctuates, the given Battery charging requires a stable DC voltage, so a three-terminal voltage regulator LM7812 is connected after rectification. The three-terminal voltage regulator LM7812 can stabilize the fluctuating voltage to a constant voltage to supply power to the battery.
  • the sinusoidal oscillation signal Vi output by the voltage-controlled surface acoustic wave sensor first passes through the rectifier bridge D1, D2, D3, D4 and polar capacitor C0, and the input terminal of the three-terminal regulator LM7812 is connected to the rectified voltage V1 connected, and the GND terminal is grounded.
  • bypass capacitors C2, C3 and polarity capacitor C1 are also connected to make the output terminal generate a more stable 12V DC voltage.
  • the voltages are respectively The first switch 42 and the second switch 43 are connected, and the two switches are controlled by the state query module to charge the first battery 44 and the second battery 45 respectively.
  • the first switch 42 is connected to the first battery 44
  • the second switch 43 is connected to the second battery 45
  • the state inquiry sub-module can be completed by the voltage measurement chip, Determine whether the battery is fully charged by measuring whether the voltage in the battery reaches the rated voltage.
  • the battery adopts a lithium-ion polymer battery with a rated voltage of 3.6V.
  • the first switch 42 is closed and the second switch 43 is opened.
  • the DC voltage output by the voltage stabilizing chip LM7812 is used to charge the first battery 44.
  • the first switch 42 is turned off, the second switch 43 is closed, the DC voltage charges the second battery 45, and the first battery 44 supplies power. At this time, the second battery 45 is detected. rated voltage.
  • the charging and discharging of the two batteries can be realized, and power can be provided for the measuring device, thereby realizing the passiveization of the system.

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Abstract

一种基于压控声表面波传感器的自供电压力测量系统，包括：压力测量输入模块(1)、压力测量输出模块(2)、直流变换模块(3)、供电模块(4)，其中，压力测量输入模块(1)获得压力(11)信息时，通过压力敏感薄膜的形变，使压控声表面波传感器(12)的中心频率发生偏移，通过压力测量输出模块(2)处理，可将不同的压力(11)和相应的频率对应并显示，同时，压控声表面波传感器(12)输出的振荡信号，可由直流变换模块(3)变换为幅度恒定的直流信号，并为供电模块(4)的两块电池轮流充电，电池又可给压力测量系统供电。该系统可以快速准确测量压力，同时通过直流变换，实现了压力测量系统的自供电。还包括一种基于压控声表面波传感器的自供电压力测量系统的工作方法。

Description

基于声表面波传感器的自供电压力测量系统及其工作方法 技术领域
本发明属于声表面波传感器技术领域，具体涉及一种基于压控声表面波传感器的自供电压力测量系统及其工作方法。
背景技术
声表面波传感器是近年来发展起来的一种新型微声传感器，是一种用声表面波器件作为传感元件，将被测量的信息通过声表面波器件中声表面波的速度或频率的变化反映出来，并转换成电信号输出的传感器。
声表面波传感器能够精确测量物理、化学等信息，如温度、压力、气体密度等，由于声表面波传感器能将信号集中于基片表面、工作频率高，具有极高的信息敏感精度，能迅速地将检测到的信息转换为电信号输出，具有实时信息检测的特性；另外，声表面波传感器还具有微型化、集成化、无源、低成本、低功耗、直接频率信号输出等优点，因此在模拟数字通信及传感器技术领域获得了广泛的应用。
如今多种场合都需要压力测量，是现代社会不可或缺的要求，然而，如何能够更方便更精准测量压力是一个值得关注的问题，虽然现有的压力测量系统能够测量压力，但是在测量系统的供电方面有待改善。目前的测量系统主要有以下缺点：
(1)目前的压力测量系统采用传统的压力传感器来测量数据，受到压力后压力传感器表面发生形变而引发了内置电阻的形状变化，电阻的形变引发电阻阻值的变化，电阻阻值的变化又使内部电流发生变化产生了相应的电信号，电信号经过处理后就可数字显示。传统的压力传感器灵敏度较低。
(2)目前的压力测量系统大多数采用USB充电或者外置电源供电，极其不方便，即便小部分采用太阳能供电，也需要额外的光传感器电路，且在光照强度较低环境下不能工作。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种基于压控声表面波传感器的自供电压力测量系统及其工作方法，能够更精确灵敏测量压力，且能够自我供电，摆脱了需要外部电源作用的困扰，使用方便，以解决背景技术中所提出的缺陷或问题。
为实现上述发明目的，本发明的实施例提供一种基于压控声表面波传感器的自供电压力测量系统，其特征在于，包括压力测量输入模块、压力测量输出模块、直流变换模块、供电模块；
其中，压力测量输入模块包括压控声表面波传感器；所述声表面波传感器用于在受压力情况下敏感薄膜发生形变并产生正弦振荡信号；所述声表面波传感器随着压力施加的不同产生不同中心频率的正弦振荡信号；
所述压力测量输出模块包括PWM调制电路、频率检测器、压力转换电路及LCD显示器；所述PWM调制电路用于将模拟信号转换为数字信号；所述频率检测器用于对PWM调制电 路调制后的数字信号频率检测；所述压力转换电路根据压力与频率之间的线性关系进行压力转换；所述LCD显示器用于显示所输出的压力值；
所述直流变换模块由整流电路、滤波电路、稳压电路构成，所述直流变换模块用于将声表面波传感器输出的正弦振荡信号变换为稳定的直流电压；所述直流变换模块所提供的直流电压为供电模块进行充电；
所述供电模块包括电池状态查询子模块、第一开关、第二开关、第一电池、和第二电池；所述电池状态查询子模块用于查询第一电池、第二电池是否处于满电状态，所述直流变换模块根据电池状态查询子模块所查询的情况为第一电池或第二电池充电；第一电池满电时，所述直流变换模块为第二电池充电，第一电池中的直流电压用于整个系统供电；第一电池未满电，所述直流变换模块为第一电池充电，第二电池中的直流电压用于整个压力测量系统供电。
进一步的，所述压控声表面波传感器的压电基片采用压电材料石英，电极材质为铝。
进一步的，所述压控声表面波传感器由压控移相器、放大器、反射栅阵A、输入换能器A、输出换能器B、反射栅阵B、反射栅阵C、输入换能器C、压力敏感薄膜、输出换能器D、反射栅阵D构成；所述反射栅阵A、输入换能器A、输出换能器B、反射栅阵B构成声表面波双端谐振器一；所述反射栅阵C、输入换能器C、压力敏感薄膜、输出换能器D、反射栅阵D构成声表面波双端谐振器二；所述双端谐振器一和放大器构成一路声表面波振荡器一，所述双端谐振器二、放大器和压控移相器构成另一路声表面波振荡器二，两路振荡器中的信号在放大器输入端叠加可得同相分量和正交分量；当所述正交分量为零，即放大器输入端电流的相位偏移为2π的整数倍，并且所述同相分量使开环增益大于1，即放大器输入端电流的幅度与放大器增益的乘积大于1时，所述压控声表面波传感器发生振荡产生正弦波输出。
进一步的，所述整流电路包括由二极管D1、二极管D2、二极管D3和二极管D4构成的桥式整流电路，所述整流电路用于将压控声表面波传感器所输出的正弦振荡信号Vi为负值的电压调整为相应额定正电压；所述滤波电路包括一极性电容C0，所述滤波电路用于将整流后的电压V1转换为直流电压；所述稳压电路包括三端稳压器LM7812，所述稳压电路用于将波动的电压稳定为恒定的电压为电池供电。
进一步的，所述电池状态查询子模块可通过电压测量芯片来完成，通过测量电池中的电压是否达到额定电压来判断电池是否满电。
进一步的，第一开关与第一电池相连，第二开关与第二电池相连。
本发明的实施例一种基于压控声表面波传感器的自供电压力测量系统的工作方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1、在受压情况下，声表面波传感器的敏感薄膜发生形变并产生正弦振荡信号Vi；该正弦振荡信号Vi作为压力测量输入信号传输至直流变换模块；
S2、直流变换模块通过整流电路对正弦振荡信号Vi进行整流，整流电路利用二极管的单向导通性，可将正弦振荡信号Vi为负值的电压调整为相应额定正电压；在整流电路后接一个极性电容C0，即可将整流后的电压V1转换为直流电压；直流电压再经稳压电路能够将波动的电压稳定为恒定的电压Vo为供电模块供电；
S3、测量系统开始工作时，第一开关闭合、第二开关断开，由稳压芯片LM7812输出 的直流电压为第一电池充电，同时通过电池状态查询子模块检测第一电池的电压，若达到额定电压3.6V，则说明第一电池充满，则第一开关断开，第二开关闭合，直流电压为第二电池充电，第一电池中的直流电压用于整个压力测量系统供电；此时，检测第二电池是否达到额定电压，若达到额定电压，此时，第一电池未满电直流变换模块为第一电池充电，第二电池中的直流电压用于整个压力测量系统供电；实现两块电池的充放电，为测量系统提供电源，实现了系统的无源化；
S4、压力测量输入模块所输出的正弦振荡信号为电压Vi，该电压Vi输入至压力测量输出模块，通过PWM调制使得压控声表面波传感器输出的正弦振荡信号变为方波，实现了模拟信号到数字信号的转换，且该方波的频率与正弦振荡信号的频率有着相对应的关系，在频率检测器中，通过取相邻电压值为0时的中点，能够得出频率检测器测量出的频率为压控声表面波传感器输出频率的10倍；压力转换电路根据压力与频率之间线性的对应关系对压力进行转换，并通过LCD显示器显示压力值。
优选的，所述步骤S4中，所述压力与频率之间线性的对应关系通过以下方法获得：在压力转换之前，可先对压控声表面波传感器的输出频率和压力关系进行测试，通过不同的已知压力作用于压控声表面波传感器，压控声表面波传感器输出不同的频率，获得压力与频率之间线性的对应关系，可用测得的频率和压力拟合出该压控声表面波传感器的压力与频率对应关系，通过硬件描述语言写入程序，即可利用Cyclone IV实现频率与压力的转换。
本发明的上述技术方案的有益效果如下：
(1)本发明的一种基于压控声表面波传感器的自供电压力测量系统及其工作方法实现了在测量压力时，不仅能够快速准确的通过LCD显示器显示出具体的数值，还通过自供电模块，实现了收集压控声表面波传感器输出的信号能量，为整个装置供电，实现了测量系统的无源化，本发明快速准确测量压力，同时通过直流变换，实现了压力测量系统的自供电。
(2)本发明两路振荡器中的信号在放大器输入端叠加可得同相分量和正交分量。当正交分量为零，即放大器输入端电流的相位偏移为2π的整数倍，并且同相分量使开环增益大于1，即放大器输入端电流的幅度与放大器增益的乘积大于1时，压控声表面波传感器发生振荡产生正弦波输出。由于声表面波谐振器的插入损耗相对于声表面波延迟线的插入损耗更小，同时声表面波谐振器的Q值比声表面波延迟线更大，且利用两块声表面波谐振器构成压控声表面波传感器更易于实现单模振荡，因此压控声表面波传感器的频率稳定性更高。
(3)本发明的压控声表面波传感器具有精度高、体积小、功耗低、灵敏度强等优点，且可在无源无线情况下工作，因此可用来代替传统的压力传感器。
附图说明
图1为本发明的一种基于压控声表面波传感器的自供电压力测量系统的结构框图。
图2为本发明的实施例中声表面压力传感器结构示意图。
图3为本发明的实施例中电池状态查询子模块的工作流程图。
图4为本发明的实施例中PWM调制的示意图。
图5为本发明的实施例中直流变换的电路示意图。
图6为本发明的实施例中直流变换过程中波形示意图。
附图标记说明：1、压力测量输入模块；11、压力；12、声表面波压力传感器；2、压力测量输出模块；21、PWM调制电路；22、频率检测器；23、压力转换电路；24、LCD显示器；3、直流变换模块；31、整流电路；32、滤波电路；33、稳压电路；4、供电模块；41、电池状态查询子模块；42、第一开关；43、第二开关；44、第一电池；45、第二电池。
具体实施方式
为使本发明要解决的技术问题、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图及具体实施例进行详细描述。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应作为广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
本发明提供的一种基于压控声表面波传感器的自供电压力测量系统，通过如图1所示的系统，包括压力测量输入模块1、压力测量输出模块2、直流变换模块3、供电模块4；其中，压力测量输入模块1包括压控声表面波传感器；所述声表面波传感器用于在受压力11情况下敏感薄膜发生形变并产生正弦振荡信号；所述声表面波传感器随着压力11施加的不同产生不同中心频率的正弦振荡信号；所述压力测量输出模块2包括PWM调制电路21、频率检测器22、压力转换电路23及LCD显示器24；所述PWM调制电路21用于将模拟信号转换为数字信号；所述频率检测器22用于对PWM调制电路21调制后的数字信号频率；所述压力转换电路23根据压力11与频率之间的线性关系进行压力转换；所述LCD显示器24用于显示所输出的压力值；所述直流变换模块3由整流电路31、滤波电路32、稳压电路33构成，所述直流变换模块3用于将声表面波压力传感器12输出的正弦振荡信号变换为稳定的直流电压；所述直流变换模块3所提供的直流电压为供电模块4进行充电；所述供电模块4包括电池状态查询子模块41、第一开关42、第二开关43、第一电池44、和第二电池45；所述电池状态查询子模块41用于查询第一电池44、第二电池45是否处于满电状态，所述直流变换模块3根据电池状态查询子模块41所查询的情况为第一电池44或第二电池45充电；第一电池44满电时，所述直流变换模块3为第二电池45充电，第一电池44中的直流电压用于整个系统供电；第一电池44未满电，所述直流变换模块3为第一电池44充电，第二电池45中的直流电压用于整个压力测量系统供电。实现了在测量压力11时，不仅能够快速准确的通过LCD屏幕显示出具体的数值，还通过自供电模块4，实现了收集压控声表面波传感器输出的信号能量，为整个装置供电，实现了测量系统的无源化。
如图2所示，压控声表面波传感器由压控移相器、放大器、反射栅阵A、输入换能器A、输出换能器B、反射栅阵B、反射栅阵C、输入换能器C、压力敏感薄膜、输出换能器D、反射栅阵D构成；所述反射栅阵A、输入换能器A、输出换能器B、反射栅阵B构成声表面波双端谐振器一；所述反射栅阵C、输入换能器C、压力敏感薄膜、输出换能器D、反射栅阵D构成声表面波双 端谐振器二。在图2中，双端谐振器一和放大器构成一路声表面波振荡器一，双端谐振器二、放大器和压控移相器构成另一路声表面波振荡器二，两路振荡器中的信号在放大器输入端叠加可得同相分量和正交分量。当正交分量为零，即放大器输入端电流的相位偏移为2π的整数倍，并且同相分量使开环增益大于1，即放大器输入端电流的幅度与放大器增益的乘积大于1时，压控声表面波传感器发生振荡产生正弦波输出。由于声表面波谐振器的插入损耗相对于声表面波延迟线的插入损耗更小，同时声表面波谐振器的Q值比声表面波延迟线更大，且利用两块声表面波谐振器构成压控声表面波传感器更易于实现单模振荡，因此压控声表面波传感器的频率稳定性更高。
在该实例中，压控声表面波传感器的压电基片采用机电耦合系数为0.16％的压电材料石英制作，电极采用铝材质。压控声表面波传感器的中心频率为50MHz，当受到压力后，压控声表面波传感器的压力敏感薄膜发生微弱形变，输出正弦振荡信号的频率在50MHz附近，通过如图4所示的PWM调制电路21，将输出正弦振荡信号按照等间距分为10等份，对于每一份波形以一个等面积的方波脉冲来对应，使正弦波的中点和相应的方波中点重合，根据冲量等效原理，图4中的方波和正弦振荡信号等效，通过PWM调制电路21使得压控声表面波传感器输出的正弦振荡信号变为方波，实现了模拟信号到数字信号的转换，且方波的频率与正弦振荡信号的频率有着相对应的关系，在频率检测器22中，通过取相邻电压值为0时的中点，如图4中虚线所示，能够得出频率检测器22测量出的频率为压控声表面波传感器输出频率的10倍。
在压力转换之前，可先对压控声表面波传感器的输出频率和压力11关系进行测试，通过不同的已知压力作用于压控声表面波传感器，压控声表面波传感器输出不同的频率，由于压力11与频率之间线性的对应关系，可用测得的频率和压力11拟合出该压控声表面波传感器的压力11与频率对应关系，通过硬件描述语言写入程序，即可利用Cyclone IV实现频率与压力11的转换，并通过LCD显示器24显示压力值。
在自供电过程中，直流变换模块3主要通过整流、滤波、稳压来实现，由声表面波振荡器输出的正弦振荡信号先经过整流，即正弦振荡信号的负半周期波形变换为相对应的正半周期，接着通过滤波电容的滤波可减少交流成分，增加直流成分，最后通过稳压电路33稳压使直流电压恒定。采用如图5所示的电路，由压控声表面波传感器输出的正弦振荡信号Vi先经过D1、D2、D3、D4构成的桥式整流电路31，利用二极管的单向导通性，可将正弦振荡信号Vi为负值的电压调整为相应额定正电压，在整流桥后接一个极性电容C0，即可将整流后的电压V1转换为直流电压，由于整流后的电压值有波动，而给电池充电需要稳定的直流电压，因此在整流之后接一个三端稳压器LM7812，三端稳压器LM7812能够将波动的电压稳定为恒定的电压为电池供电。如图6所示，压控声表面波传感器输出的正弦振荡信号Vi先通过整流桥D1、D2、D3、D4和极性电容C0，三端稳压器LM7812的输入端与整流后的电压V1相连，GND端接地，为了将整流后的电压V1变为更加稳定的直流电压，还接入旁路电容C2、C3和极性电容C1，使输出端产生更加稳定的12V直流电压，此电压分别连接第一开关42和第二开关43，两个开关受状态查询模块的控制分别为第一电池44和第二电池45充电。
在电池状态查询过程中，如图1和图3所示，第一开关42与第一电池44相连，第二开关43与第二电池45相连，状态查询子模块可通过电压测量芯片来完成，通过测量电池中的电压是否达到额定电压来判断电池是否满电。电池采用额定电压为3.6V的锂离子聚合物电 池。测量系统开始工作时，第一开关42闭合、第二开关43断开，此时由稳压芯片LM7812输出的直流电压为第一电池44充电，同时通过检测第一电池44的电压，若达到额定电压3.6V，则说明第一电池44充满，则第一开关42断开，第二开关43闭合，直流电压为第二电池45充电，第一电池44供电，此时再检测第二电池45的额定电压。通过图3的流程，可实现两块电池的充放电，为测量装置提供电源，实现了系统的无源化。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明所述原理的前提下，还可以作出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种基于压控声表面波传感器的自供电压力测量系统，其特征在于，包括压力测量输入模块、压力测量输出模块、直流变换模块、供电模块；
    其中，压力测量输入模块包括压控声表面波传感器；所述声表面波传感器用于在受压力情况下敏感薄膜发生形变并产生正弦振荡信号；所述声表面波传感器随着压力施加的不同产生不同中心频率的正弦振荡信号；
    所述压力测量输出模块包括PWM调制电路、频率检测器、压力转换电路及LCD显示器；所述PWM调制电路用于将模拟信号转换为数字信号；所述频率检测器用于对PWM调制电路调制后的数字信号频率检测；所述压力转换电路根据压力与频率之间的线性关系进行压力转换；所述LCD显示器用于显示所输出的压力值；
    所述直流变换模块由整流电路、滤波电路、稳压电路构成，所述直流变换模块用于将声表面波传感器输出的正弦振荡信号变换为稳定的直流电压；所述直流变换模块所提供的直流电压为供电模块进行充电；
    所述供电模块包括电池状态查询子模块、第一开关、第二开关、第一电池、和第二电池；所述电池状态查询子模块用于查询第一电池、第二电池是否处于满电状态，所述直流变换模块根据电池状态查询子模块所查询的情况为第一电池或第二电池充电；第一电池满电时，所述直流变换模块为第二电池充电，第一电池中的直流电压用于整个系统供电；第一电池未满电，所述直流变换模块为第一电池充电，第二电池中的直流电压用于整个压力测量系统供电。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于压控声表面波传感器的自供电压力测量系统，其特征在于，所述压控声表面波传感器的压电基片采用压电材料石英，电极材质为铝。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于压控声表面波传感器的自供电压力测量系统，其特征在于，所述压控声表面波传感器由压控移相器、放大器、反射栅阵A、输入换能器A、输出换能器B、反射栅阵B、反射栅阵C、输入换能器C、压力敏感薄膜、输出换能器D、反射栅阵D构成；所述反射栅阵A、输入换能器A、输出换能器B、反射栅阵B构成声表面波双端谐振器一；所述反射栅阵C、输入换能器C、压力敏感薄膜、输出换能器D、反射栅阵D构成声表面波双端谐振器二；所述双端谐振器一和放大器构成一路声表面波振荡器一，所述双端谐振器二、放大器和压控移相器构成另一路声表面波振荡器二，两路振荡器中的信号在放大器输入端叠加可得同相分量和正交分量；当所述正交分量为零，即放大器输入端电流的相位偏移为2π的整数倍，并且所述同相分量使开环增益大于1，即放大器输入端电流的幅度与放大器增益的乘积大于1时，所述压控声表面波传感器发生振荡产生正弦波输出。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种基于压控声表面波传感器的自供电压力测量系统，其特征在于，所述整流电路包括由二极管D1、二极管D2、二极管D3和二极管D4构成的桥式整流电路，所述整流电路用于将压控声表面波传感器所输出的正弦振荡信号Vi为负值的电压调整为相应额定正电压；所述滤波电路包括一极性电容C0，所述滤波电路用于将整流后的电压V1转换为直流电压；所述稳压电路包括三端稳压器LM7812，所述稳压电路用于将波动的电压稳定为恒定的电压为电池供电。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于压控声表面波传感器的自供电压力测量系统，其特征在于，所述电池状态查询子模块可通过电压测量芯片来完成，通过测量电池中的电压是否达到额定电压来判断电池是否满电。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于压控声表面波传感器的自供电压力测量系统，其特征在于，第一开关与第一电池相连，第二开关与第二电池相连。
  7. 一种基于压控声表面波传感器的自供电压力测量系统的工作方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    S1、在受压情况下，声表面波传感器的敏感薄膜发生形变并产生正弦振荡信号Vi；该正弦振荡信号Vi作为压力测量输入信号传输至直流变换模块；
    S2、直流变换模块通过整流电路对正弦振荡信号Vi进行整流，整流电路利用二极管的单向导通性，可将正弦振荡信号Vi为负值的电压调整为相应额定正电压；在整流电路后接一个极性电容C0，即可将整流后的电压V1转换为直流电压；直流电压再经稳压电路能够将波动的电压稳定为恒定的电压Vo为供电模块供电；
    S3、测量系统开始工作时，第一开关闭合、第二开关断开，由稳压芯片LM7812输出的直流电压为第一电池充电，同时通过电池状态查询子模块检测第一电池的电压，若达到额定电压3.6V，则说明第一电池充满，则第一开关断开，第二开关闭合，直流电压为第二电池充电，第一电池中的直流电压用于整个压力测量系统供电；此时，检测第二电池是否达到额定电压，若达到额定电压，此时，第一电池未满电直流变换模块为第一电池充电，第二电池中的直流电压用于整个压力测量系统供电；实现两块电池的充放电，为测量系统提供电源，实现了系统的无源化；
    S4、压力测量输入模块所输出的正弦振荡信号为电压Vi，该电压Vi输入至压力测量输出模块，通过PWM调制使得压控声表面波传感器输出的正弦振荡信号变为方波，实现了模拟信号到数字信号的转换，且该方波的频率与正弦振荡信号的频率有着相对应的关系，在频率检测器中，通过取相邻电压值为0时的中点，能够得出频率检测器测量出的频率为压控声表面波传感器输出频率的10倍；压力转换电路根据压力与频率之间线性的对应关系对压力进行转换，并通过LCD显示器显示出压力值。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种基于压控声表面波传感器的自供电压力测量系统的工作方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S4中，所述压力与频率之间线性的对应关系通过以下方法获得：在压力转换之前，可先对压控声表面波传感器的输出频率和压力关系进行测试，通过不同的已知压力作用于压控声表面波传感器，压控声表面波传感器输出不同的频率，获得压力与频率之间线性的对应关系，可用测得的频率和压力拟合出该压控声表面波传感器的压力与频率对应关系，通过硬件描述语言写入程序，即可利用Cyclone IV实现频率与压力的转换。
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