WO2023134368A1 - 一种超高富氧低碳冶炼方法 - Google Patents

一种超高富氧低碳冶炼方法 Download PDF

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WO2023134368A1
WO2023134368A1 PCT/CN2022/138696 CN2022138696W WO2023134368A1 WO 2023134368 A1 WO2023134368 A1 WO 2023134368A1 CN 2022138696 W CN2022138696 W CN 2022138696W WO 2023134368 A1 WO2023134368 A1 WO 2023134368A1
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oxygen
blast furnace
enriched
gas
ultra
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PCT/CN2022/138696
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English (en)
French (fr)
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陈德荣
田宝山
刘磊
刘永想
李涛
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新疆八一钢铁股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023134368A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023134368A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
    • Y02P10/122—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by capturing or storing CO2

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of blast furnace ironmaking, and in particular relates to an ultra-high oxygen-enriched and low-carbon smelting method.
  • the process of traditional blast furnace ironmaking is roughly as follows: sinter, pellets, coke, and solvent are made into a charge in a certain proportion, and the charge is put into the furnace from the top of the furnace.
  • the blast furnace is in contact with the hot air, heat transfer and oxidation-reduction reactions occur to generate gas.
  • the gas moves upwards and leaves the blast furnace from the riser.
  • the blast furnace material melts and drops into molten iron and slag during the reaction process, and the liquid slag iron is discharged from the blast furnace from the tap hole.
  • the temperature distribution in the furnace body is "cold at the top and hot at the bottom", making the smelting process difficult.
  • about 35-40% of the iron element in the furnace is directly reduced by carbon, resulting in a large consumption of coke.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an ultra-high oxygen-enriched low-carbon smelting method to solve the temperature distribution in the furnace "cooling at the top and hot at the bottom" proposed in the background technology above, reduce direct reduction, increase the proportion of indirect reduction, thereby reducing coke consumption in the process Big question.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • An ultra-high oxygen-enriched low-carbon smelting method comprising the following steps:
  • the ore charge is composed of 60-80% sinter, 20-40% pellets, 0-5% raw ore and coke
  • Charcoal is filled into the blast furnace in layers.
  • Blast furnace smelting Control blast furnace blast volume to 570-690m3/t per ton of iron, and blast temperature between 900-1000°C.
  • Pure oxygen is injected into the blast furnace to form an ultra-high oxygen-enriched smelting condition of the blast furnace, in which 15-20% of oxygen is enriched in front of the hot blast stove, and the insufficient part is injected with cold oxygen from the tuyere, and the tuyere is injected with coal powder, high reducing gas and coke oven Coal gas, keep the theoretical combustion temperature of the tuyere between 2350-2500 °C, during the period, reduce the injection coal ratio according to the gas replacement ratio of 0.3-0.35kg/m3 of coke oven gas or replace it according to the replacement of decarbonized gas 0.28-0.3kg/ m3 Reduce the coke ratio to below 210kg/t.
  • the pure oxygen injected into the blast furnace is divided into two parts, one part is the oxygen heated by the hot blast stove, which accounts for 15-20% of the total injected gas. 40-50%, and the rest of the oxygen is cold oxygen into the furnace; the highly reducing gas is the blast furnace gas that removes CO 2 , and its composition is: CO: 65-75%, H 2 : 10-18%, N 2 : 6-15%, others: 5-12%; since CO 2 accounts for most of the blast furnace gas, the proportion of reducing gases such as CO and H 2 can be significantly increased after removal, and the injection amount per ton of iron is 200-300m 3 /t, coke oven gas injected per ton of iron is 210-230m 3 /t.
  • the oxygen enrichment rate of the blast furnace is 40-50%, the smelting intensity of the blast furnace is increased, and the production capacity is increased by 20%, and the oxygen enrichment rate of the hot blast furnace reaches 15-20%, which is equivalent to this part of oxygen entering the furnace at a temperature of 900-1000°C.
  • the heat brought in by enriched oxygen is increased, which can effectively reduce the carbon consumption in the blast furnace; the tuyere injects high reducing gas and coke oven gas, which can participate in the reduction reaction in the furnace, increase the calorific value of the gas, and strengthen the preheating and cooling of the upper charge.
  • the reduction reaction will avoid the situation of "cooling at the top and heating at the bottom”; while injecting high-reducing gas from the tuyeres, it can adjust the theoretical combustion temperature of the tuyeres at the lower tuyere with high oxygen enrichment to ensure smooth operation of the furnace, and because the main component of coke oven gas is Hydrogen, with its small molecular weight and good air permeability, is more likely to undergo reduction reaction with iron oxides than CO, which increases the degree of indirect reduction and reduces coke consumption; some highly reducing gas and coke oven gas can also be used as heat sources, burning and releasing heat to reduce For the purpose of coke consumption, the comprehensive consumption of coke can be reduced by 10-15%; due to the large amount of high-reducing gas and coke oven gas injected into the tuyere, the indirect reduction in the upper part of the blast furnace can be fully carried out, and the carbon consumption of the indirect reduction in the lower part of the blast furnace can be greatly reduced. To achieve the purpose of blast furnace carbon reduction and lower fuel ratio, under 50%
  • the present invention provides the following technical implementation solutions:
  • An ultra-high oxygen-enriched low-carbon smelting method comprising the following steps:
  • the ore furnace charge is composed of 60-80% sintered ore, 20-40% pelletized ore, and 0-5% raw ore to charge from the top of the furnace, and the depth of the control material line is 1.1-1.6m .
  • Blast furnace smelting Control blast furnace blast volume at 500-600m 3 /min, blast temperature at 900-1000°C, and gradually increase oxygen enrichment by 15-20% before the hot blast stove, and the total oxygen enrichment rate is at 40-50% Left and right, after the oxygen enrichment of the hot blast stove reaches the standard, the insufficient part is sprayed with cold oxygen from the tuyere, and pulverized coal and coke oven gas (0-250m 3 /t) are injected into the tuyere to increase the oxygen enrichment in front of the hot blast stove and simultaneously increase the high reduction to the tuyere
  • the amount of permanent gas injection (0-250m 3 /t), keep the theoretical combustion temperature of the tuyere between 2250-2350°C, the bosh gas volume is 1200-1400m 3 /t, and the gas replacement is 0.3-0.55kg/m 3 during the period Reduce the injection coal ratio or reduce the coke ratio according to the replacement ratio of 0.25-0.5kg/m 3 .
  • the injection of highly reducing gas can adjust the theoretical combustion temperature of the tuyere, so that the temperature of the lower part of the furnace body will not be too high; the purpose of introducing coke oven gas is to make coke oven gas participate in the reduction of iron and reduce the consumption of coke direct reduced iron Because coke oven gas contains a large amount of CO, it can replace part of coke and react with iron ore.
  • Oxygen enrichment should give priority to increasing the oxygen enrichment before the hot blast stove, which means that this part of oxygen enters the furnace at a wind temperature above 900-1000°C, which increases the heat brought in by the blast, which can effectively reduce the carbon consumption of the blast furnace process. After the enriched oxygen reaches 20%, the enriched tuyere starts to cool the oxygen.
  • control parameters of the traditional blast furnace smelting method are as follows:
  • the blast furnace tuyere is injected with high reducing gas or coke oven gas, and the injection gas is connected with the upper part of the blast furnace.
  • the reduction reaction occurs immediately when the charge is in contact with the furnace, and the indirect reduction reaction in the furnace is strengthened, which effectively reduces the fuel consumption in the blast furnace smelting process, and the blast furnace oxygen enrichment strengthens the smelting.

Abstract

一种超高富氧低碳冶炼方法，包括装料和高炉冶炼步骤，高炉富氧率在 40-50%，其中热风炉部分富氧率达15-20%，风温在900-1000℃之间，不足部分从风口喷入冷氧，风口喷吹煤粉、高还原性煤气和焦炉煤气，使风口理论燃烧温度保持在2350-2500℃之间，期间依照焦炉煤气0.3-0.35kg/m 3的煤气置换比降低喷吹煤比或依照脱碳煤气0.28-0.3kg/m 3的置换比降低焦比至210kg/t以下，解决了高炉高富氧情况下"上冷下热"的问题，达到了降低焦炭消耗的目的。

Description

一种超高富氧低碳冶炼方法 技术领域
本发明属于高炉炼铁技术领域，具体涉及一种超高富氧低碳冶炼方法。
背景技术
钢铁企业能耗的70％集中在炼铁工序，因而降低炼铁工序的碳素消耗是实现钢铁工业煤炭减量化的主要途径。目前高炉发展面临碳减排的技术瓶颈，铁水的燃料消耗进一步下降的空间十分有限，高炉大型化及提高生产效率已趋极限。目前的高炉铁水冶炼燃料消耗吨铁大数在550kg左右，在国家双碳目标的背景下，传统高炉碳减排任重而道远。
传统高炉炼铁的工艺过程大致如下：将烧结矿、球团矿、焦炭、溶剂按一定比例构成炉料，炉料从炉顶加入炉内，高炉风口鼓入热风、氧气、煤粉、加湿，炉料在高炉炉内与热风接触运动时发生热量传递和氧化还原反应产生煤气，煤气向上运动从上升管离开高炉，高炉物料在反应过程中熔融滴落成为铁水和渣，液态渣铁从铁口排除高炉。传统高炉在高富氧情况下，造成炉体内温度分布“上冷下热”，冶炼进程难以进行。同时，炉内铁元素靠碳直接还原约占35-40％，导致焦炭的消耗量较大。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种超高富氧低碳冶炼方法，以解决上述背景技术中提出的炉内温度分布“上冷下热”，降低直接还原，提高间接还原比例，从而降低工序焦炭消耗量大的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种超高富氧低碳冶炼方法，包括如下步骤：
S1.装料：将矿石炉料组成为60-80％的烧结矿、20-40％的球团矿、0-5％的生矿与焦
炭分层填充到高炉内。
S2.高炉冶炼：控制吨铁高炉鼓风量在570-690m3/t，风温在900-1000℃之间，向
高炉内喷入纯氧，形成高炉超高富氧冶炼工况，其中在热风炉前富氧15-20％，不足部分从风口喷入冷氧，风口喷吹煤粉、高还原性煤气和焦炉煤气，使风口理论燃烧温度保持在2350-2500℃之间，期间依照焦炉煤气0.3-0.35kg/m3的煤气置换比降低喷吹煤比或依照脱碳煤气0.28-0.3kg/m 3的置换比降低焦比至210kg/t以下。
高炉喷入的纯氧分为两部分，一部分为经过热风炉加热的氧气，其占喷入气体总量的15-20％，入炉温度为900-1000℃，入炉总鼓风含氧量为40-50％，其余部分氧气为冷氧入炉；高还原性煤气为脱除CO 2的高炉煤气，其组成为：CO：65-75％、H 2：10-18％、N 2：6-15％、其它：5-12％；由于高炉煤气中CO 2占大部分，脱除后能够显著提高CO和 H 2等还原性气体的比例，其吨铁喷入量为200-300m 3/t，焦炉煤气的吨铁喷入量为210-230m 3/t。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
高炉富氧率在40-50％的情况下，提高高炉冶炼强度，产能提升20％，且热风炉富氧率达15-20％，相当于这部分氧气以900-1000℃的温度入炉，增加了富氧带入的热量，能有效降低高炉内的炭消耗；风口喷吹高还原性煤气和焦炉煤气，可参与炉内的还原反应，提高煤气热值，加强上部炉料的预热和还原反应，不至于出现“上冷下热”的情况；风口喷吹高还原性煤气的同时，能够调整在高富氧下风口的理论燃烧温度，保障炉况顺行，且由于焦炉煤气的主要成分为氢气，其分子量小，透气性好，比CO更易与铁氧化物发生还原反应，提高间接还原度，降低焦炭消耗；一部分高还原性煤气和焦炉煤气还可作为热源，燃烧释放热量，达到降低焦炭消耗的目的，焦炭的综合消耗量可降低10-15％；因风口大量喷吹高还原性煤气、焦炉煤气，使高炉上部间接还原充分进行，大幅降低了高炉下部间接还原耗碳。达到高炉减碳，降低燃料比的目的，在50％高富氧冶炼工况下，高炉产能提升20％，总体碳消耗降低15％。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提供以下技术实施方案：
一种超高富氧低碳冶炼方法，包括如下步骤：
S1.装料：将矿石炉料组成为60-80％的烧结矿、20-40％的球团矿、0-5％的生矿上至炉顶装料，控制料线深度为1.1-1.6m。
S2.高炉冶炼：控制高炉鼓风量在500-600m 3/min，风温在900-1000℃之间，其中在热风炉前逐步增加富氧15-20％，总富氧率在40-50％左右，热风炉富氧达标后，不足部分从风口喷入冷氧，风口喷吹煤粉和焦炉煤气(0-250m 3/t)，增加热风炉前富氧的同时向风口同步增加高还原性煤气喷吹量(0-250m 3/t)，保持风口理论燃烧温度在2250-2350℃之间，炉腹煤气量1200-1400m 3/t，期间依照0.3-0.55kg/m 3的煤气置换比降低喷吹煤比或依照0.25-0.5kg/m 3的置换比降低焦比。
高还原性煤气的喷入能够调节风口理论燃烧温度，使炉体下部分的温度不至于过高；通入焦炉煤气的目的是使焦炉煤气参与铁的还原，降低焦炭直接还原铁的消耗量，由于焦炉煤气中含有大量的CO，可代替部分焦炭与铁矿石反应。
富氧应优先增加热风炉前富氧，相当于这部分氧气以900-1000℃以上的风温入炉，增加了鼓风带入的热量，可有效地降低了高炉工序碳消耗，热风炉前富氧达到20％后，开始富风口冷氧。
实施例
传统高炉冶炼方法的控制参数如下：
操作参数 BV(m 3/min) BP(Kpa) TP(Kpa) BT(℃) O 2(m 3/h)
-- 1000 180 100| 980 3000
操作参数 矿批(t) 焦批(t)      
-- 14.8 3.7      
表1
传统冶炼方法下的高炉经济技术指标如下：
产量(t) CR(kg/t) PCR(kg/t) SCR(kg/t) FR(kg/t) O/C
1300 400 150 0 620 4
sv(kg/t) pig(t) PT(℃) Si(％) S(％) R 2
320 9.6 1430 0.6 0.035 1.1
表2
使用本发明的方法高炉控制参数如下：
操作参数 BV(m 3/min) BP(Kpa) TP(Kpa) BT(℃) O 2(m 3/h)
-- 500-600 140-150 60 950 13000-15000
操作参数 矿批(t) 焦批(t)      
  16.1 3.7      
表3
使用本方法控制的高炉经济技术指标如下：
产量(t) CR(kg/t) PCR(kg/t) SCR(kg/t) FR(kg/t) O/C
1350 300 160 40 540 4.41
sv(kg/t) pig(t) PT(℃) Si(％) S(％) R 2
320 9.8 1430 0.6 0.035 1.1
表4
对比传统高炉控制方法的经济技术指标和本发明的方法控制的高炉经济技术指标可以看出：使用本发明的方法后，高炉风口喷吹高还原性煤气或焦炉煤气，喷吹煤气与高炉上部炉料立即接触发生还原反应，炉内间接还原反应加强， 有效降低高炉冶炼过程的燃料消耗，且高炉富氧强化冶炼，在高炉的焦比和燃料比都有明显降低的情况下，高炉铁水的产量也有提高，即在燃料减少的情况下，铁水的产量反而略高于传统高炉炼铁方法。
需要说明的是，在本文中，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上所述，仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案所做的其它修改或者等同替换，只要不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围，均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种超高富氧低碳冶炼方法，包括装料和高炉冶炼过程，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：S1.装料：将矿石炉料组成为60-80％的烧结矿、20-40％的球团矿、0-5％的生矿与焦炭分层填充到高炉内；S2.高炉冶炼：控制吨铁高炉鼓风量在570-690m 3/t，风温在900-1000℃之间，向高炉内喷入纯氧，形成高炉超高富氧冶炼工况，其中在热风炉前富氧15-20％，不足部分从风口喷入冷氧，风口喷吹煤粉、高还原性煤气和焦炉煤气，使风口理论燃烧温度保持在2350-2500℃之间，期间依照焦炉煤气0.3-0.35kg/m 3的煤气置换比降低喷吹煤比或依照脱碳煤气0.28-0.3kg/m 3的置换比降低焦比至210kg/t以下。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种超高富氧低碳冶炼方法，其特征在于：总鼓风富氧率达到40-50％。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种超高富氧低碳冶炼方法，其特征在于有15-20％富氧经过了热风炉加热系统，加热温度到900-1000℃。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种超高富氧低碳冶炼方法，其特征在于高还原性煤气的吨铁喷入量为200-300m 3/t。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种超高富氧低碳冶炼方法，其特征在于：所述焦炉煤气的吨铁喷入量为210-230m 3/t。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种超高富氧低碳冶炼方法，其特征在于：所述高还原性煤气成份：CO：65-75％、H 2：10-18％、N 2：6-15％、其它：5-12％。
PCT/CN2022/138696 2022-01-12 2022-12-13 一种超高富氧低碳冶炼方法 WO2023134368A1 (zh)

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