WO2023134098A1

WO2023134098A1 - Gbas in complex airport environment, and application method therefor

Info

Publication number: WO2023134098A1
Application number: PCT/CN2022/093869
Authority: WO
Inventors: 张建军; 高丽哲; 杨阳; 庞雪莲; 赵磊; 韩明
Original assignee: 天津七一二通信广播股份有限公司
Priority date: 2022-01-17
Filing date: 2022-05-19
Publication date: 2023-07-20
Also published as: CN114070385A; CN114070385B

Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention are a GBAS in a complex airport environment, and an application method therefor. The GBAS comprises a GBAS ground device, a GBAS monitoring device, an interference monitoring device and a GBAS extension device, wherein the GBAS monitoring device is used for receiving message data sent by the GBAS ground device and a GNSS signal in the air, and sending alarm information to the GBAS ground device; the interference monitoring device is used for receiving an electromagnetic signal in a working frequency band and the GNSS signal to generate interference monitoring information; the GBAS ground device is used for receiving the alarm information, the interference monitoring information and the GNSS signal in the air, and broadcasting navigation data over a whole network in the form of a VHF signal, so as to guide the safe landing of an airplane; and the GBAS extension device is used for receiving the VHF signal and extending a VHF transmission signal, and sending received information according to an off-peak time slot with respect to signal transmission of the GBAS ground device. The working state and the signal quality of a GBAS ground device are monitored, and closed-loop control is realized, such that the integrity and continuity of a GBAS may be significantly improved.

Description

GBAS system and application method in complex airport environment

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of satellite navigation, in particular to a GBAS system and an application method in a complex airport environment.

Background technique

The GBAS system is composed of ground equipment and airborne equipment. The ground equipment sends information such as pseudo-range correction, glide path and integrity to the airborne equipment through the VHF radio station, so as to improve the satellite navigation accuracy of the airborne equipment and enable the aircraft to achieve Class I Precision Approach (CAT-I) or even a higher standard of precision approach accuracy, to provide take-off and landing guidance services for aircraft.

Under certain complex airport environmental conditions, such as mountainous and island airports, affected by the surrounding terrain of the airport, VHF communication signals are blocked by obstacles such as mountains, resulting in limited coverage and flight altitude, affecting flight safety. Under certain complex electromagnetic environment conditions, such as the edge of cities, airports located near large fishing grounds or dense waterways; due to the large number of wireless communication devices around, GNSS satellite signals and VHF signals are susceptible to interference from other signals in the electromagnetic environment, resulting in GBAS The system works abnormally, and even affects flight safety in severe cases.

Contents of the invention

Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a GBAS system and application method in a complex airport environment; to solve the problems of VHF signal occlusion and signal interference, complete the airport deployment of the GBAS system, and improve the integrity and continuity of the GBAS system.

In order to achieve the above object, a GBAS system in a complex airport environment of the present invention includes: GBAS ground equipment, GBAS monitoring equipment, interference monitoring equipment and GBAS expansion equipment;

The GBAS monitoring equipment is used to receive the message data sent by the GBAS ground equipment and the GNSS signal in the air, analyze the satellite observation data according to the GNSS signal, monitor the operation status of the GBAS ground equipment, and calculate the performance index. When the performance index exceeds the preset threshold , to send an alarm message to the GBAS ground equipment;

The interference monitoring device is used to receive electromagnetic signals and GNSS signals in the working frequency band, and generate interference monitoring information;

The GBAS extension device is used to receive VHF signals and extend the VHF signals, and send and receive information according to the off-peak time slots of the signals transmitted by the GBAS ground equipment;

The GBAS ground equipment is used to receive the warning information, interference monitoring information and GNSS signals in the air, analyze satellite observation data according to the GNSS signals, and perform calculations based on the satellite observation data to obtain navigation data. The above navigation data includes differential data, integrity data, and route data, and the navigation data is broadcast in the form of VHF signals on the entire network to guide the aircraft to land safely.

Further preferably, the GBAS ground equipment includes a reference receiving device, a data processing device, and a VHF communication device;

The reference receiving device includes multiple sets of reference receivers and receiving antennas, the receiving antennas are used for receiving GNSS signals, and the reference receivers are used to output code pseudoranges, ephemeris, almanacs and Carrier phase data to a data processing device;

The data processing device performs differential analysis, integrity analysis, and route analysis according to the received data, and sends the analyzed navigation data to the VHF communication device;

The VHF communication device is used to send the navigation data generated by the data processing device to the coverage area through the VHF transmitting station.

Further preferably, the GBAS monitoring equipment includes a monitoring receiver, a monitoring processor, a VHF receiving antenna and a satellite antenna;

The VHF receiving antenna is used to receive text data broadcast by GBAS ground equipment;

The satellite antenna is used to receive GNSS signals in the air;

The monitoring receiver is used to send the received GNSS signal and the obtained message data to the monitoring processor;

The monitoring processor, based on the satellite observation data calculated by GNSS signals and the obtained message data, monitors the operation status of GBAS ground equipment, calculates performance indicators, and outputs corresponding alarm information to GBAS ground equipment if the performance indicators exceed the preset threshold.

Further preferably, the GBAS expansion device selects an installation location in consideration of airport topography and surveying and mapping conditions.

The present invention also provides an application method of the GBAS system in a complex airport environment, comprising the following steps:

S1. Receive message data and GNSS signals in the air, analyze satellite observation data according to the GNSS signals, monitor the operation status of GBAS ground equipment, calculate performance indicators, and send alarm information when the performance indicators exceed the preset threshold;

S2. Receive electromagnetic signals and GNSS signals in the working frequency band, and generate interference monitoring information;

S3. Receive the warning information, interference monitoring information and GNSS signals in the air, analyze the satellite observation data according to the GNSS signals, perform calculations based on the satellite observation data, and obtain navigation data, and the navigation data includes differential data , Integrity data, route data, and navigation data in the form of VHF signals, and broadcast the entire network to guide the aircraft to land safely.

Further preferably, it also includes laying out GBAS ground equipment, GBAS monitoring equipment, GBAS expansion equipment and interference monitoring equipment according to the following steps:

S01. Survey and map the airport and surrounding terrain, and conduct simulation analysis on the surveying and mapping data; when surveying and mapping the airport and surrounding terrain, the flight test subjects include at least the following: ground taxi test, circular flight test, circular arc flight test , level flight test, approach flight test;

S02. According to the analysis result, select a corresponding location, and deploy GBAS ground equipment, GBAS monitoring equipment, GBAS expansion equipment, and interference monitoring equipment.

Further preferably, the simulation analysis of the surveying and mapping data includes: taking the VHF transmitting antenna as the center, calculating the VHF signal shading angle and shading area within 360° of various flight test subjects; The optimal site is to deploy GBAS ground equipment, GBAS monitoring equipment, GBAS expansion equipment and interference monitoring equipment.

Further preferably, it also includes optimizing the flight procedure according to the GBAS ground equipment, GBAS monitoring equipment and interference monitoring equipment deployed at the optimal site according to the following method:

Determine whether there is flight occlusion according to the occlusion angle. If there is occlusion, increase the flight height according to the following formula:

Among them, H1 is the flight height; L1 is the horizontal distance from the obstacle to the antenna; H2 is the height of the obstacle; L2 is the horizontal distance from the aircraft to the antenna; H3 is the height of the antenna.

Further preferably, in S2, electromagnetic signals and GNSS signals in the working frequency band are received to generate interference monitoring information; including the following steps:

Generate the noise intensity and occupancy of the VHF frequency band according to the received electromagnetic signal; judge whether the noise intensity of the VHF frequency band is normal, if normal, continue to judge the occupancy, if not normal, generate interference monitoring information; judge whether the occupancy of the VHF frequency band is normal Normal, if normal, jump to judge whether the satellite observation data analyzed according to the GNSS signal is normal, otherwise generate interference monitoring information;

The satellite observation data includes the number of received satellites, the DOP value, and the correlation peak; sequentially judge whether each data in the satellite observation data is normal, and generate interference monitoring information if there is abnormal data.

Further preferably, it also includes S4, receiving the VHF signal and extending the VHF signal, and sending the received information according to the off-peak time slot of the signal transmitted by the GBAS ground equipment.

Compared with the prior art, a GBAS system and application method disclosed in the present application have at least the following advantages:

1. The GBAS system under the complex airport environment provided by the present invention, in addition to GBAS ground equipment, also provides GBAS monitoring equipment, Beidou GBAS signal interference monitoring equipment and GBAS expansion equipment. It is used for monitoring the working status and signal quality of GBAS ground equipment, and realizes closed-loop control with GBAS ground equipment, which can significantly improve the integrity and continuity of the GBAS system. When necessary, GBAS expansion equipment can be deployed in or near the airport, and the installation location can be selected according to the airport topography and surveying and mapping conditions to reduce or avoid VHF signal occlusion, expand the VHF signal coverage area, further improve the application range of GBAS ground equipment, and reduce GBAS Equipment requirements for terrain.

2. The application method of the GBAS system under the complex airport environment provided by the present invention adopts surveying and simulation analysis, and performs site selection and flight program design based on this, and conducts mutual verification with the verification flight results, and optimizes equipment and flight programs , can significantly improve deployment efficiency and flight safety.

3. The interference signal monitoring of the present invention adopts signal quality monitoring such as correlation peak, satellite DOP value, number of receiving satellites, noise intensity, occupancy degree, etc. for comprehensive judgment, which can significantly improve the reliability of interference monitoring. It supports multiple communication methods such as Ethernet, optical fiber, and Beidou No. 2 and No. 3 short messages, and is suitable for airports without wired communication, improving communication reliability and flexibility.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a GBAS system in a complex airport environment according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a GBAS system application method in a complex airport environment according to the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a working flow chart of the GBAS system in a complex airport environment according to the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a calculation diagram of the obscuration angle of surveying and mapping obstacles in the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail through the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments below.

As shown in Figure 1, a GBAS system in a complex airport environment provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes: GBAS ground equipment, GBAS monitoring equipment, interference monitoring equipment, and GBAS expansion equipment;

Further, preferably, the GBAS monitoring equipment includes a monitoring receiver, a monitoring processor, a VHF receiving antenna and a satellite antenna; the VHF receiving antenna is used to receive text data broadcast by GBAS ground equipment; the satellite antenna , used to receive the GNSS signal in the air; the monitoring receiver, used to send the received GNSS signal and the obtained message data to the monitoring processor; the monitoring processor, calculating the satellite observation data and the obtained message data according to the GNSS signal, Monitor the running status of GBAS ground equipment, calculate performance indicators, and output corresponding alarm information to GBAS ground equipment if the performance indicators exceed the preset threshold.

The interference monitoring equipment is used to receive electromagnetic signals and GNSS signals in the working frequency band, and generate interference monitoring information; each set of Beidou GBAS signal interference monitoring equipment mainly includes: a host computer and an interference receiving antenna. The interference receiving antenna is used to receive electromagnetic signals in the working frequency band, and the host is used for signal reception, processing, and analysis, and sends the analysis results to the GBAS ground equipment through wired and wireless communication.

The GBAS extension device is used to receive VHF signals and extend the VHF signals, and send the received information according to the off-peak time slot of the signals transmitted by the GBAS ground equipment.

Further, preferably, the GBAS ground equipment includes a reference receiving device, a data processing device, and a VHF communication device; the reference receiving device includes multiple sets of reference receivers and receiving antennas, and the receiving antennas are used for receiving GNSS signals, so The reference receiver is used to output code pseudorange, ephemeris, almanac and carrier phase data to the data processing device according to the received GNSS signal;

As shown in Figure 2, the present invention also provides a GBAS system application method in a complex airport environment, including the following steps:

When applying, it also includes laying out according to the following steps:

S01. Survey and map the airport and surrounding terrain, and conduct simulation analysis on the surveying and mapping data; when surveying and mapping the airport and surrounding terrain, the flight test subjects include at least the following: ground taxi test, circular flight test, circular arc flight test , level flight test, approach flight test.

S02. According to the analysis result, select a corresponding location, and deploy GBAS ground equipment, GBAS monitoring equipment, and interference monitoring equipment.

There should be at least 3 reference receiver antennas outdoors for GBAS ground equipment (4 as an example below), and the adjacent distance should not be less than 100m. They should not be arranged in a straight line, and should not be placed in parallel or equidistant. The distance between the VHF transmitting antenna and the indoor VHF radio station shall not exceed 300m.

The surveying range takes the airport FTP/LTP (landing entry point) as the center, and the inside of the circle with a radius of 20KM.

The described simulation analysis of surveying and mapping data includes: take the VHF transmitting antenna as the center, calculate the VHF signal shading angle and shading area within 360 ° under various flight test subjects; take the shading area minimum as the optimal principle, select the optimal station site , Deploy GBAS ground equipment, GBAS surveillance equipment and interference monitoring equipment.

Carry out station construction according to the site selection plan, and complete the installation and commissioning of GBAS ground equipment, GBAS monitoring equipment, Beidou GBAS signal interference monitoring equipment and GBAS expansion equipment.

As shown in Figure 4, it is a schematic diagram of calculating the obstacle shielding angle of GBAS ground equipment. It also includes optimizing the flight procedure according to the GBAS ground equipment, GBAS monitoring equipment and interference monitoring equipment deployed at the optimal site according to the following method.

In airport terrain surveying and mapping, H1 is the flight height, H2 is the obstacle height, L1 is the horizontal distance from the obstacle to the antenna; L2 is the horizontal distance from the aircraft to the antenna, and H3 is the height of the antenna; then the shading angle α is:

If the height of the obstacle is unknown, before surveying and mapping, the allowable maximum shielding angle θ should be determined according to the horizontal distance L2 from the aircraft to the antenna and the flight height H1:

Then, when determining the maximum height of the obstacle at the horizontal distance L from the antenna as H, it should satisfy:

H≤L×tanθ+H3 (Formula 3)

If the height of the obstacle is known, it can be judged based on the above whether there is a flight occlusion. If there is an occlusion, the flight height can be increased according to the height of the obstacle and the horizontal distance from the antenna.

If there is VHF signal blocking, properly increase the flight altitude to avoid VHF signal blocking. Complete the verification flight of GBAS ground equipment, and verify each other with the surveying and mapping results, optimize the working parameters and flight procedures of GBAS ground equipment, and complete the deployment and use of GBAS equipment at the airport.

Further, preferably, in S2, receiving electromagnetic signals and GNSS signals in the working frequency band to generate interference monitoring information includes the following steps:

Further, preferably, it also includes S4, receiving the VHF signal and extending the VHF transmission signal, and sending the received information according to the off-peak time slot of the transmission signal of the GBAS ground equipment.

As shown in Figure 3, the GBAS system application workflow is as follows:

1. Workflow of Beidou GBAS signal interference monitoring equipment:

Step A1, the device is powered on, and starts to receive GNSS satellite signals and VHF signals.

Step A2, GNSS satellite signal processing, completing navigation satellite acquisition, tracking, and locking. VHF frequency band signal processing, analysis of interference noise indicators in the frequency band.

Step A3, generate various analysis data in real time, including observation data of each satellite, such as number of received satellites, DOP value, correlation peak; VHF noise intensity and occupancy.

Step A4, determine whether the number of received satellites is normal, if the number is normal, continue to determine the DOP value, otherwise generate interference monitoring information and send it to the GBAS ground equipment.

Step A5. Determine whether the DOP value is normal. If normal, continue to determine the correlation peak. Otherwise, generate interference monitoring information and send it to the GBAS ground equipment.

Step A6. Determine whether the noise intensity in the VHF frequency band is normal, if normal, continue to determine the occupancy, otherwise generate interference monitoring information and send it to the GBAS ground equipment.

Step A7. Determine whether the noise occupancy of the VHF frequency band is normal. If normal, skip to step A2. Otherwise, generate interference monitoring information and send it to the GBAS ground equipment. It should be noted that the VHF frequency band noise refers to the signals emitted by fishing boats and other facilities in the surrounding environment in the same VHF frequency band as ground equipment.

2. GBAS monitoring equipment workflow

Step B1, the device is powered on.

Step B2, receiving and processing GNSS satellite signals.

Step B3, receiving and processing the VHF signal broadcast by the GBAS ground equipment.

Step B4, perform data processing and analysis according to GNSS data and VHF signals, and generate GBAS operation performance data.

Step B5. If the performance index exceeds the threshold specified by the user, an alarm message is generated and sent to the GBAS ground equipment.

3. GBAS ground equipment workflow:

Step C1, power on the device, receive and process GNSS satellite signals.

Step C2: Perform integrity monitoring processing and differential correction processing to generate a differential enhanced information message, that is, a VHF signal.

Step C3, broadcast the generated message through the VHF transmitting station.

Step C4, receiving the alarm data or the interference monitoring data sent by the GBAS monitoring equipment and the interference monitoring equipment.

Step C5 performs alarm processing, such as broadcasting alarm information to GBAS airborne equipment and airport tower display control equipment, and deciding whether to stop transmitting VHF signals according to the type of alarm information.

4. GBAS expansion equipment workflow:

In step D1, the device is powered on and correspondingly initialized.

Step D2. Receive the VHF signal through the air interface or wired mode, analyze the differential enhanced information message, and notify the GBAS ground equipment of the analysis result.

Step D3: Process the message data analyzed in the above steps, adjust the sending time slot if signal transmission is required, and notify the VHF transmitting station to broadcast the message.

Step D4, broadcasting the message through the VHF transmitting station. Apparently, the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples for clear description, rather than limiting the implementation. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other changes or changes in different forms can be made on the basis of the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to exhaustively list all the implementation manners here. And the obvious changes or changes derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

A GBAS system in a complex airport environment, characterized in that it includes: GBAS ground equipment, GBAS monitoring equipment, interference monitoring equipment and GBAS expansion equipment;

The GBAS monitoring equipment is used to receive the message data sent by the GBAS ground equipment and the GNSS signal in the air, analyze the satellite observation data according to the GNSS signal, monitor the operation status of the GBAS ground equipment, and calculate the performance index. When the performance index exceeds the preset threshold , to send an alarm message to the GBAS ground equipment;

The interference monitoring device is used to receive electromagnetic signals and GNSS signals in the working frequency band, and generate interference monitoring information;

The GBAS extension device is used to receive VHF signals and extend the VHF signals, and send and receive information according to the off-peak time slots of the signals transmitted by the GBAS ground equipment;

The GBAS ground equipment is used to receive the warning information, interference monitoring information and GNSS signals in the air, analyze satellite observation data according to the GNSS signals, and perform calculations based on the satellite observation data to obtain navigation data. The above navigation data includes differential data, integrity data, and route data, and the navigation data is broadcast in the form of VHF signals on the entire network to guide the aircraft to land safely.
The GBAS system under a kind of complex airport environment according to claim 1, wherein the GBAS ground equipment includes a reference receiving device, a data processing device, and a VHF communication device;

The reference receiving device includes multiple sets of reference receivers and receiving antennas, the receiving antennas are used for receiving GNSS signals, and the reference receivers are used to output code pseudoranges, ephemeris, almanacs and Carrier phase data to a data processing device;

The data processing device performs differential analysis, integrity analysis, and route analysis according to the received data, and sends the analyzed navigation data to the VHF communication device;

The VHF communication device is used to send the navigation data generated by the data processing device to the coverage area through the VHF transmitting station.
GBAS system under a kind of complex airport environment according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described GBAS monitoring equipment, comprises monitoring receiver, monitoring processor, VHF receiving antenna and satellite guide antenna;

The VHF receiving antenna is used to receive text data broadcast by GBAS ground equipment;

The satellite antenna is used to receive GNSS signals in the air;

The monitoring receiver is used to send the received GNSS signal and the obtained message data to the monitoring processor;

The monitoring processor, based on the satellite observation data calculated by GNSS signals and the obtained message data, monitors the operation status of GBAS ground equipment, calculates performance indicators, and outputs corresponding alarm information to GBAS ground equipment if the performance indicators exceed the preset threshold.
The GBAS system in a complex airport environment according to claim 1, wherein the GBAS expansion device selects an installation location in combination with airport topography and surveying and mapping conditions.
A kind of application method of GBAS system under the complex airport environment is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

S1. Receive message data and GNSS signals in the air, analyze satellite observation data according to the GNSS signals, monitor the operation status of GBAS ground equipment, calculate performance indicators, and send alarm information when the performance indicators exceed the preset threshold;

S2. Receive electromagnetic signals and GNSS signals in the working frequency band, and generate interference monitoring information;

S3. Receive the warning information, interference monitoring information and GNSS signals in the air, analyze the satellite observation data according to the GNSS signals, perform calculations based on the satellite observation data, and obtain navigation data, and the navigation data includes differential data , Integrity data, route data, and navigation data in the form of VHF signals, and broadcast the entire network to guide the aircraft to land safely.
According to the application method of GBAS system under the complex airport environment described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, also comprises according to the following steps to lay out GBAS ground equipment, GBAS monitoring equipment, GBAS expansion equipment and interference monitoring equipment:

S01. Survey and map the airport and surrounding terrain, and conduct simulation analysis on the surveying and mapping data; when surveying and mapping the airport and surrounding terrain, the flight test subjects include at least the following: ground taxi test, circular flight test, circular arc flight test , level flight test, approach flight test;

S02. According to the analysis result, select a corresponding location, and deploy GBAS ground equipment, GBAS monitoring equipment, GBAS expansion equipment, and interference monitoring equipment.
According to the application method of the GBAS system under the complex airport environment according to claim 6, it is characterized in that the simulation analysis of the surveying and mapping data includes: taking the VHF transmitting antenna as the center, calculating the 360 ° range of various flight test subjects VHF signal occlusion angle and occlusion area; choose the optimal site based on the principle of the smallest occlusion area, and deploy GBAS ground equipment, GBAS monitoring equipment, GBAS expansion equipment, and interference monitoring equipment.
The application method of the GBAS system in a complex airport environment according to claim 7, further comprising: optimizing the flight procedure according to the GBAS ground equipment, GBAS monitoring equipment and interference monitoring equipment deployed at the optimal site according to the following method :

Determine whether there is flight occlusion according to the occlusion angle. If there is occlusion, increase the flight height according to the following formula:

Among them, H1 is the flight height; L1 is the horizontal distance from the obstacle to the antenna; H2 is the height of the obstacle; L2 is the horizontal distance from the aircraft to the antenna; H3 is the height of the antenna.
According to the application method of the GBAS system under the complex airport environment described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, in S2, receive the electromagnetic signal and the GNSS signal in the operating frequency band, generate interference monitoring information; comprise the following steps:

Generate the noise intensity and occupancy of the VHF frequency band according to the received electromagnetic signal; judge whether the noise intensity of the VHF frequency band is normal, if normal, continue to judge the occupancy, if not normal, generate interference monitoring information; judge whether the occupancy of the VHF frequency band is normal Normal, if normal, jump to judge whether the satellite observation data analyzed according to the GNSS signal is normal, otherwise generate interference monitoring information;

The satellite observation data includes the number of received satellites, the DOP value, and the correlation peak; sequentially judge whether each data in the satellite observation data is normal, and generate interference monitoring information if there is abnormal data.
The application method of the GBAS system under the complex airport environment according to claim 5, characterized in that it also includes S4, receiving the VHF signal and expanding the VHF signal, and sending and receiving according to the off-peak time slot of the signal transmitted by the GBAS ground equipment Information.