WO2023130033A1

WO2023130033A1 - Firearm locking system and method of securing firearm therein

Info

Publication number: WO2023130033A1
Application number: PCT/US2022/082568
Authority: WO
Inventors: Francine Pataray; Stacia SAKADOLSKY; Hao Chang; Timothy Oh; Christine Tate; Austin Rivera; Liam MCBAIN
Original assignee: Vara Corporation
Priority date: 2021-12-30
Filing date: 2022-12-29
Publication date: 2023-07-06

Abstract

A firearm locking system (100) for releasably securing a firearm (106) therein and a method of securing a firearm are provided. The firearm locking system may include a mounting rail (102); a locking device (104) coupled to the mounting rail, where the locking device is configured to restrain the firearm to the mounting rail; at least one firearm support (108, 110, 112) coupled to the mounting rail for supporting the firearm; and a controller (113) operatively coupled to the locking device and configured to actuate the locking device for selective release of the firearm from the locking device in response to a user authentication.

Description

FIREARM LOCKING SYSTEM AND METHOD OF SECURING FIREARM

THEREIN

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to a firearm locking system and method of securing a firearm therein. More particularly, the disclosure relates to a firearm locking system that includes a locking device to restrain the firearm within the locking system and a method of securing the firearm therein.

BACKGROUND

[0002] For the majority of the firearm owning population, firearm storage (for example, long gun storage) has typically been provided by locking cabinets or the firearm is simply unsecured. Both approaches have advantages and disadvantages, the most concerning disadvantage being unauthorized use.

[0003] A challenge to create a locking system for firearms are the various types (shotgun, hunting rifle, defense rifle, etc.) and accessories (pistol grip, sights, foregrip, etc.) that significantly change the shapes and forms of the firearms. The frame of a firearm or a gun is the housing that includes a handle and a trigger guard, and all other parts of the firearm either contain the frame or are connected to it. In conventional practice, firearm locking systems (or security systems) vary depending on the geometric shape of the frame of the firearm that the locking system is securing. As such, the cost of manufacturing such firearm locking systems may increase due to the variety of firearm shapes and forms that the locking systems must accommodate.

BRIEF SUMMARY

[0004] All aspects, examples and features mentioned below can be combined in any technically possible way.

[0005] An aspect of the present disclosure comprises a firearm locking system for releasably securing a firearm therein, the firearm locking system comprising: a mounting rail; a locking device coupled to the mounting rail, wherein the locking device is configured to restrain the firearm to the mounting rail; at least one firearm support coupled to the mounting rail for supporting the firearm; and a controller operatively coupled to the locking device and configured to actuate the locking device for selective release of the firearm from the locking device in response to a user authentication. [0006] Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, the controller includes a user authenticator for authenticating a user to access the firearm.

[0007] Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, wherein the user authenticator includes a fingerprint sensor configured to create an image of a fingerprint of the user for authenticating the user.

[0008] Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, wherein the user authenticator includes a touch screen configured to collect information for authenticating the user.

[0009] Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, wherein the user authenticator includes a retinal scanner configured to collect information for authenticating the user.

[0010] Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, wherein the user authenticator is configured to authenticate a user based on biometric authentication, radio frequency identification (RFID), near-field communication (NFC), a code, a password, or any combinations thereof.

[0011] Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, wherein in response to the user authenticator receiving the user authentication identifying the user as an authorized user, the controller instructs the locking device to release the firearm.

[0012] Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, wherein the locking device includes a latch that encloses at least a portion of a barrel or a foregrip of the firearm and is configured to release the firearm in response to the user authenticator authenticating the user to access the firearm.

[0013] Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, wherein the controller is integrally coupled to the locking device.

[0014] Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, wherein the controller is configured to communicate wirelessly with the locking device.

[0015] Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, wherein the at least one firearm support includes at least one of a stock support, a muzzle support, and a trigger support.

[0016] Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, wherein the stock support includes a cavity for receiving a portion of a stock of the firearm therein and a releasable locking arm for retaining the portion of the stock of the firearm within the cavity. [0017] Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, wherein the releasable locking arm includes a paddle, a lever coupled to the paddle and configured to pivot the paddle into a locked position to retain the firearm.

[0018] Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, wherein the muzzle support includes a muzzle support cavity for receiving at least a portion of a muzzle of the firearm therein and a muzzle lock positioned inside the muzzle support cavity and configured to releasably secure at least a portion of the muzzle in the muzzle support.

[0019] Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, wherein the muzzle support includes a muzzle lock and a servomotor operatively coupled to the muzzle lock to selectively actuate the muzzle lock along an axis orthogonal to a longitudinal axis of the mounting rail.

[0020] Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, wherein the muzzle support further includes a rack and a pinion gear coupled to the rack and the servomotor. [0021] Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, wherein the servomotor is controlled by the controller to selectively actuate the muzzle lock in response to a user authentication.

[0022] Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, further including an interchangeable adjustment member positioned between a portion of the firearm and one or more of the locking device or the at least one firearm support, the interchangeable adjustment member configured to accommodate different sized firearms.

[0023] Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, wherein the locking device and the at least one firearm support are selectively coupled to the mounting rail at a plurality of positions to accommodate different length firearms.

[0024] Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, wherein the mounting rail includes a channel, the channel including a plurality of conductors positioned therein.

[0025] Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, wherein the controller includes a plurality of spring contacts, each of the plurality of spring contacts is configured to be coupled to a corresponding one of the plurality of conductors.

[0026] Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, wherein encryption or cryptographic signing is used in communication between the controller and one or more of the locking device and the at least one firearm support.

[0027] An aspect of the present disclosure comprises a firearm locking system for releasably securing a firearm therein, the locking system comprising: a mounting rail; a locking device coupled to the mounting rail and configured to enclose at least a portion of a barrel of the firearm, wherein the locking device selectively restrains the firearm to the mounting rail; a trigger support coupled to the mounting rail and configured to enclose a trigger of the firearm; a stock support coupled to the mounting rail and configured to support at least a portion of a stock of the firearm; and a controller integrally coupled to the locking device, wherein the controller includes a user authenticator configured to actuate the locking device to release the firearm from the mounting rail in response to a user being authenticated to access the firearm.

[0028] Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, wherein the controller includes a user authenticator including a fingerprint sensor or a touch screen configured to collect information for authenticating the user.

[0029] Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, wherein the locking device and the at least one firearm support are selectively coupled to the mounting rail at a plurality of positions to accommodate different length firearms.

[0030] An aspect of the present disclosure comprises a method of securing a firearm, the method generally includes: installing a mounting rail on a surface; coupling a locking device to the mounting rail; restraining the firearm to the mounting rail with the locking device; coupling at least one firearm support to the mounting rail; supporting the firearm with the at least one firearm support; in response to a user authentication, actuating the locking device using a controller operatively coupled to the locking device to release the firearm from the locking device.

[0031] An aspect of the present disclosure comprises a firearm locking system that includes at least one mounting rail to which one or more firearm supports and a locking device are attached. The firearm support(s) and locking device/mechanisms can be adjusted in a linear fashion along the mounting rail to accommodate various firearm lengths. The firearm support(s) and the locking device are originally oversized to accommodate the largest of firearms to ensure a tight and secure fit, and interchangeable adjustment pads can be installed for a specific gun. A controller may include a computer or other controller(s) operatively coupled to the locking device to control various functions including but not limited to data processing, user authentication, and lock release. The firearm supports may be strategically placed to cover sensitive areas of the firearm such as the trigger assembly to prevent tampering or unauthorized access. Further, the locking device may secure the firearm by latching over a barrel or foregrip of the firearm, restraining it within the attached locking device that is further attached to the mounting rail. [0032] Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, and further comprises a controller operatively coupled to the locking device.

[0033] Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, and the controller includes a user authenticator module operatively coupled to the locking device.

[0034] Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, and the user authenticator module is integrally coupled to the locking device.

[0035] Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, and further comprises at least one of a data bus and a power bus in the mounting rail configured to operatively couple to the user authenticator module.

[0036] Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, and further comprises a controller configured to perform data processing, user authentication, release of the locking device, or any combinations thereof.

[0037] Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, and further comprises a controller configured to pass data and power to the user authenticator module. [0038] Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, and the at least one firearm support includes at least one of a muzzle support, a stock support and a trigger support.

[0039] Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, and the trigger support includes a trigger guard.

[0040] Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, and further comprises an adjustment member configured to be positioned in at least one of the at least one firearm support and the locking device to accommodate different sized firearms.

[0041] Two or more aspects described in this disclosure, including those described in this summary section, may be combined to form implementations not specifically described herein. [0042] The details of one or more implementations are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects and advantages will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] These and other features of this disclosure will be more readily understood from the following detailed description of the various aspects of the disclosure taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings that depict various embodiments of the disclosure, in which:

[0044] FIG. 1 depicts a perspective view of a firearm mounted within a firearm locking system, according to embodiments of the disclosure; [0045] FIG. 2 depicts a perspective view of a firearm mounted within another firearm locking system, according to embodiments of the disclosure;

[0046] FIG. 3 depicts a schematic cross-sectional view of a mounting rail with an integrated power and data/communication bus, and a locking device component coupled to the mounting rail, according to embodiments of the disclosure;

[0047] FIG. 4 depicts an expanded view of the mounting rail of FIG. 3 with the power and data/communication bus and the locking system component of FIG. 3, according to embodiments of the disclosure;

[0048] FIG. 5A depicts a perspective view of a different firearm mounted within the firearm locking system, according to embodiments of the disclosure;

[0049] FIG. 5B depicts an expanded view of a locking device of FIG. 5A and components within, according to embodiments of the disclosure;

[0050] FIG. 6A depicts a perspective view of a different firearm mounted within the firearm locking system, according to embodiments of the disclosure;

[0051] FIG. 6B depicts an expanded view of a stock support of FIG. 6A, according to embodiments of the disclosure; and

[0052] FIG. 7 shows a flow chart of a method of securing a firearm, according to embodiments of the disclosure.

[0053] It is noted that the drawings of the disclosure are not necessarily to scale. The drawings are intended to depict only typical aspects of the disclosure and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of the disclosure. In the drawings, like numbering represents like elements between the drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] As an initial matter, in order to clearly describe the subject matter of the current disclosure, it will become necessary to select certain terminology when referring to and describing relevant machine components within the firearm locking system. To the extent possible, common industry terminology will be used and employed in a manner consistent with its accepted meaning. Unless otherwise stated, such terminology should be given a broad interpretation consistent with the context of the present application and the scope of the appended claims. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that often a particular component may be referred to using several different or overlapping terms. What may be described herein as being a single part may include and be referenced in another context as consisting of multiple components. Alternatively, what may be described herein as including multiple components may be referred to elsewhere as a single part.

[0055] It is often required to describe parts that are disposed at differing radial positions with regard to a center axis. The term “radial” refers to movement or position perpendicular to an axis. For example, if a first component resides closer to the axis than a second component, it will be stated herein that the first component is “radially inward” or “inboard” of the second component. If, on the other hand, the first component resides further from the axis than the second component, it may be stated herein that the first component is “radially outward” or “outboard” of the second component. The term “axial” refers to movement or position parallel to an axis. Finally, the term “circumferential” refers to movement or position around an axis. It will be appreciated that such terms may be applied in relation to the center axis of the firearm. [0056] In addition, several descriptive terms may be used regularly herein, as described below. The terms “first”, “second”, and “third” may be used interchangeably to distinguish one component from another and are not intended to signify location or importance of the individual components.

[0057] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. “Optional” or “optionally” means that the subsequently described event or circumstance may or may not occur or that the subsequently describe component or element may or may not be present, and that the description includes instances where the event occurs, or the component is present and instances where it does not or is not present.

[0058] Where an element or layer is referred to as being “on,” “engaged to,” “connected to” or “coupled to” another element or layer, it may be directly on, engaged to, connected to, or coupled to the other element or layer, or intervening elements or layers may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on,” “directly engaged to,” “directly connected to” or “directly coupled to” another element or layer, there may be no intervening elements or layers present. Other words used to describe the relationship between elements should be interpreted in a like fashion (e.g., “between” versus “directly between,” “adjacent” versus “directly adjacent,” etc.). As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0059] To better depict the potential of this disclosure, multiple embodiments are presented to show a variety of configurations. These embodiments are not limiting and should not be construed as such.

[0060] As indicated above, the disclosure provides a firearm locking system that includes a mounting rail, a locking device configured to attach to the mounting rail for securing a firearm, and at least one firearm support configured to attach to the mounting rail to support the firearm. The locking device restrain the firearm to the mounting rail. The locking device may include a latch, bar, or other similar locking mechanism to restrain the firearm to the mounting rail. The firearm locking system may further include a controller configured to perform data processing, user authentication, release of the locking device, among other functions. The controller may be an industrial controller or computer. The controller may include a user authenticator for authenticating a user attempting to access the firearm. The user authenticator may be integrally coupled to the locking device. The at least one firearm support includes at least one of a muzzle support, a stock support and a trigger support.

[0061] The firearm locking system of the instant disclosure provides secure storage with quick access to an authorized user(s). The locking system may include a controller with a user authenticator for authenticating users, and various supports to further prevent tampering of the firearm. The locking system of the instant disclosure includes parts for and may be arranged as a modular locking system to allow maximum flexibility in accommodating firearms with various sizes and lengths (e.g., rifles, shotguns, long guns, etc.). In addition, whether mounted horizontally or vertically, positions of various components of the locking system can be easily adjusted along a longitudinal axis (X) and orthogonal axes (Y) and (Z), allowing a firearm to be stored in an any desired space.

[0062] FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a firearm mounted with a firearm locking system according to embodiments of the disclosure. A firearm locking system 100 may include a mounting rail 102, a locking device 104 coupled to mounting rail 102, where locking device 104 is configured to restrain firearm 106 to mounting rail 102. The firearm locking system 100 may also include at least one firearm support 108, 110, 112 coupled to mounting rail 102 for supporting firearm 106. Firearm locking system 100 may further include a controller 113 operatively coupled to locking device 104 to actuate locking device 104 for selective release of firearm 106 from locking device 104 in response to a user authentication. In embodiments as illustrated in FIG. 1, controller 113 is integrally coupled to locking device 104. It is to be appreciated that in some embodiments, controller 113 may be wirelessly coupled to locking device 104. For example, controller 113 may be a stand-alone controller coupled to mounting rail 102 and wirelessly coupled to locking device 104. In embodiments, controller 113 may be coupled to mounting rail 102 in a location different than locking device 104.

[0063] The at least one firearm support may include a stock support 108, a muzzle support 110, or a trigger support 112 each selectively coupled to mounting rail 102. In embodiments, stock support 108 is a stock plate and supports at least a portion of a stock 130 of firearm 106. In embodiments, stock support 108 includes a cavity 132 for receiving a portion of stock 130 of firearm 106 therein. In operation, a portion of stock 130 is positioned inside cavity 132 and at least a portion of a stock butt plate 133 of stock 130 abuts a surface 135 of stock support 108. In embodiments, when firearm 106 is secured on firearm locking system 100, the lowermost portion 137 of stock butt plate 133 projects radially downward (e.g., along axis Z as shown in FIG. 1) and is positioned parallel to a surface 139 (X-Z plane) mounting rail 102 is mounted on. [0064] Muzzle support 110 supports at least a portion of firearm muzzle 114. Trigger support 112 is configured to provide support for firearm 106 while covering access to trigger 136 (blocked from view in FIG. 1, similar trigger shown in FIG. 2, trigger 236) and/or trigger guard 138 (blocked from view in FIG. 1, similar trigger guard shown in FIG. 2, trigger guard 238) of firearm 106. Trigger support 112 may include a trigger guard support 134 that encloses trigger 136 and at least a portion of trigger guard 138 of firearm 106. In embodiments, when firearm 106 is secured on firearm locking system 100, trigger 136, a magazine clip 180, or a pistol grip 182 projects radially downward (e.g., along axis Z as shown in FIG. 1) and is positioned parallel to surface 139 (X-Z plane) mounting rail 102 is mounted on. In embodiments in which trigger support 112 is coupled to mounting rail 102, trigger guard support 134 extends in a direction along axis Z and is positioned parallel to magazine clip 180, or a pistol grip 182. Such positioning/arrangement requires less space and is especially beneficial for securing firearms in a compact and/or confined space.

[0065] As further illustrated in the non-limiting example of FIG. 1, in embodiments, locking device 104 includes a latch or a bar 105 that encloses at least a portion of a barrel or a foregrip 103 of firearm 106 and is configured to release firearm 106 in response to user authenticator 162 authenticating the user to access firearm 106. Latch 105 may be manually closed by the user so that firearm 106 is fully restrained to mounting rail 102 when stored in a locked configuration of locking device 104. In an unlocked configuration of locking device 104, latch 105 springs open to release firearm 106 in response to a user authenticator 162 authenticating the user to access firearm 106, as further described below. [0066] The firearm locking system 100 may further include controller 113 configured to perform data processing, user authentication, release of the locking device, or any combinations thereof. Controller 113 may include a computer or an industrial controller. Controller 113 may include user authenticator 162 for authenticating a user to access firearm 106. User authenticator 162 can be configured to authenticate a user based on user authentication using biometric authentication, radio frequency identification (RFID), near-field communication (NFC), a code, a password, a retinal scan, a mechanical key, or any combinations thereof. In embodiments, user authenticator 162 includes a fingerprint sensor 166 configured to create an image of a fingerprint of the user for authenticating the user. In some embodiments, user authenticator 162 includes a touch screen 168 configured to collect information for authenticating the user, such as but not limited to, a code, password, or radio frequency identification (RFID) key provided by the user. [0067] It is to be understood that the arrangements or positions of fingerprint sensor 166 and/or touch screen 168 in the locking system are not limited to the embodiments illustrated in FIG. 1 and are not necessarily drawn to scale. Fingerprint sensor 166 and touch screen 168 may be positioned on different locations of user authenticator 162 and/or locking system 100 and may have different sizes and forms than the ones shown in FIG. 1.

[0068] Alternative authentication methods may be used in conjunction with or in place of fingerprint sensor 166 or touch screen 168, including, but not limited to: radio frequency identification (RFID), near field communications (NFC), a code, a password, a retinal scan, a mechanical key, or any other currently known or later developed secure methods of authenticating a user. In some embodiments, controller 113 may communicate to one of a user’s electronic device (e.g., a phone), hub, network, internet, or server via one of a Wi-Fi, internet, Bluetooth, cellular signal network, near-field-communication, or any other wireless means. In embodiments, in response to communication with the user, controller 113 instructs or controls locking device 104 to release and unlock firearm 106 in the unlocked configuration of locking device 104. In another embodiment, a force sensor (not shown) may be incorporated into controller 113, allowing for controller 113 to sense when there is tampering with locking device 104. This tamper detection system may be used to log attempted intrusion, trigger an alarm, actuate a direct deterrent, or other actions to detect or prevent firearm theft. In another embodiment, the force sensor may be located within mounting rail 102 and may be configured such that force applied to mounting rail 102 through one or more attached supports (e.g., supports 108, 110, 112) is detected. In another embodiment, the force sensor may include, but not limited to, one or more of vibration, capacitive contact, inductive, tilt, or other currently known or later developed tampering detection sensors. In embodiments, the force sensor communicates with controller wirelessly.

[0069] In embodiments, in response to the user authenticator receiving user authentication identifying the user as an authorized user, controller 113 instructs locking device 104 to release the firearm. For example, locking device 104 may spring open to release firearm 106 in response to user authenticator 162 authenticating the user to access firearm 106. Locking device 104 may further include an unlocking motor (not shown) configured to actuate locking device 104. In response to the user authenticator receiving user authentication identifying the user as a nonauthorized user, the controller does not instruct locking device 104 to release the firearm. In embodiments, the user authentication includes biometric authentication.

[0070] In embodiments, firearm locking system 100 may further include an adjustment member 170a, 170b positioned between a portion of the firearm and one or more of the locking device or the at least one firearm support, the adjustment member configured to accommodate different sized firearms. The locking device and firearm support(s) are originally oversized to accommodate the largest of firearms to ensure a tight and secure fit, and adjustment members 170a, 170b can be installed for a specific gun. Adjustment member 170a, 170b can be interchangeable. In embodiments, adjustment member 170a, 170b includes an interchangeable adjustment pad or foam having different sizes and/or shapes to accommodate different parts of firearm 106, and/or different firearms 106, and to provide a tighter hold and protection of, for example, the metal finish of firearm 106. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 1, adjustment member 170a is sandwiched between an outer portion of muzzle 103 of firearm 106 and an inner surface of locking device 104. Adjustment member 170b may be sandwiched between an outer portion of firearm 106 and an inner surface of trigger support 134. Additional interchangeable adjustment member (not shown) can be sandwiched between an outer portion of stock 130 of firearm 106 and an inner surface of stock support 108.

[0071] Various components of firearm locking systems of the disclosure may be provided as individual parts or modules ready to be coupled to various locations on the mounting rail. Such modular nature of the firearm locking system components allows maximum flexibility to accommodate firearms with various shapes and forms (e.g., shotguns, long guns, etc.) by slidably coupling each firearm locking system component to a desired location on the mounting rail. In embodiments, locking device 104 and firearm supports 108, 110, 112 are selectively coupled to mounting rail 102 at a plurality of positions to accommodate different length firearms. The locking device 104 and firearm supports 108, 110, 112 may be coupled to mounting rail 102 and secured in place using respective mounting bolts (mounting bolts are hidden from the view in FIG. 1 once locking device 104 and/or one or more supports 108, 110, 112 are coupled to mounting rail 102). Mounting bolts are only accessible from the back of mounting rail 102, thereby offering additional protection against tempering. The mounting positions of each firearm locking system component (e.g., locking device 104, at least one supports 108, 110, 112, etc.) along a longitudinal axis (X) of mounting rail 102 and orthogonal axis (Z) can be adjusted by adjusting locations of mounting bolts on mounting rail 102, and mounting positions along an orthogonal axis (Y) can be adjusted via adjusting depth of mounting bolts installed on a surface of mounting rail 102. In embodiment, in a first configuration of the firearm locking system, one or more firearm locking system component (e.g., locking device 104 or one or more supports 108, 110, 112) is provisionally coupled to mounting rail 102 and configured to slide along longitudinal axis (X) on mounting rail 102 until a desired location on mounting rail 102 is reached. The desired location of each firearm locking system component is determined based on a shape and form of the firearm to be secured thereon. For example, in embodiments of FIG. 1, a desired location of locking device 104 is determined to allow locking device 104 to enclose at least a portion of muzzle 103 of firearm 106, a desired location of trigger support 112 is determined to allow trigger support 112 to enclose at least a portion of trigger guard 138 and trigger 136 of firearm 106, and a desired location of stock support 108 is determined to allow stock support 108 to enclose at least a portion of stock 130 of firearm 106. In the first mounting configuration, each firearm locking system component can slide along the longitudinal axis (X) of mounting rail 102 and/or orthogonal axis (Z) before being coupled to a respective desired location on mounting rail 102. In the second mounting configuration, the one or more firearm locking system component is fixedly coupled to mounting rail 102 by using respective mounting bolt(s) to secure the one or more firearm locking system component at the respective desired location(s). By adjusting depth of corresponding mounting bolt(s), each firearm locking system component can be coupled to mounting rail 102 at a desired distance spaced from mounting rail 102 along an orthogonal axis (Y). Such configurations of the firearm locking system allows versatile mounting of firearm locking system with 6 degrees of freedom (6DOF) along axes (X, Y, Z) to accommodate firearms with various sizes and lengths and space in which the firearms are stored.

[0072] Further benefits of locking systems of the instant disclosure include a compact firearm locking system for securing firearm thereon, allowing a firearm to be stored in a confined space. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 1, when firearm 106 is stored in mounting rail 102 in a locked configuration, one or more of trigger 136, magazine clip 180, pistol grip 182, or stock butt plate 132 of firearm 106 project radially downward (e.g., along an orthogonal axis Z), allowing a bulky firearm (e.g., a long gun) to be stored within a confined space. Places where the firearm locking system may be used/stored include, but not limited to, police locker or armory, corrections facility, military bases, schools, vehicles, and other locations where firearms may be needed to be stored and secured.

[0073] In embodiments, mounting rail 102 is mounted to surface 139 via a plurality of mounting screws 190. The surface 139 may include a wall surface, a surface in a vehicle, or any surface in places where firearm is to be stored and secured, and suitable for attaching the mounting rail thereon. Once a firearm is positioned on the locking device coupled to the mounting rail, the locking device and the at least one of the firearm supports serve as physical barriers to limit or block the access to the plurality of mounting screws, providing further protection against tampering of the mounting rail and the locking system coupled thereto. That is, the locking device 104 and at least one firearm support 108, 110, 112 are positioned to block access to mounting screws 190.

[0074] FIG. 2 depicts a perspective view of a different firearm mounted within another embodiment of firearm locking system of the disclosure. A firearm locking system 200 includes a mounting rail 202, a locking device 204 coupled to mounting rail 202, where locking device 204 is configured to restrain firearm 206 to mounting rail 202. Firearm locking system 200 may further include at least one firearm support 208, 212 coupled to mounting rail 202 for supporting firearm 206. Firearm locking system 200 may also include a controller 213 and configured to actuate locking device 204 for selective release of firearm 206 from locking device 204 in response to a user authentication.

[0075] In embodiments, controller 213 is operatively coupled to locking device 204. In embodiments, controller 213 is wirelessly coupled to locking device 204. Controller 213 may include a computer or an industrial controller. As further illustrated in FIG. 3, a power bus and data bus 264 may be provided via mounting rail 202 to each component coupled to mounting rail 202 (e.g., controller 213, locking device 204, supports 208, 212), allowing controller 213 to pass data and power to each component coupled to mounting rail 202.

[0076] In some embodiments, controller 213 includes a user authenticator 262 for authenticating a user to access firearm 206. The user authenticator 262 may be configured to authenticate a user based on user authentication including biometric authentication, radio frequency identification (RFID), near-field communication (NFC), a code, a password, a retinal scan, a mechanical key, or any combinations thereof. In embodiments, user authenticator 262 includes a fingerprint sensor 266 configured to create an image of a fingerprint of the user for authenticating the user. In some embodiments, user authenticator 262 includes a touch screen 268 configured to collect information for authenticating the user. In embodiments, user authenticator 262 includes a retinal scanner configured to collect information for authenticating the user.

[0077] Alternative authentication methods may be used in conjunction with or in place of fingerprint sensor 266 and/or touch screen 268 including, but not limited to, radio frequency identification (RFID), near-field communication (NFC), a code, a password, a retinal scan, a mechanical key, or any other currently known or later developed methods of authenticating a user. Upon authentication of a user to access firearm 206 (for example, when an image of a fingerprint of a user matches a pre-approved fingerprint stored in controller 213), controller 213 instructs or controls locking device 204 to unlock or release firearm 206. In another embodiment, force sensors similar to the ones described with respect to FIG. 1 may be incorporated into locking device 204, allowing for controller 213 to sense when there is attempted tampering with locking device 204. The details of force sensors are described with respect to FIG. 1 and are omitted here for brevity.

[0078] FIGS. 3 and 4 show schematic views of mounting rail 202 with power and data/communication bus 264, and a firearm locking system component of FIG. 2 coupled to mounting rail 202. It is to be appreciated that while controller 213 is depicted as a non- limiting example of a firearm locking system component coupled to mounting rail 202 in FIGS. 3 and 4, other locking system components including locking device 204 or one or more supports 208, 212 can be arranged similarly to controller 213 as a firearm locking system component coupled to mounting rail 202. In addition, in embodiments, power bus and data bus 264 may be provided via alternative arrangements other than being coupled to mounting rail 202. For example, power bus and data bus 264 may be provided via direct integration of power bus and data bus into a firearm locking system component or via a separate firearm locking system component. In addition to providing mechanical support for various locking system components coupled thereto (e.g., controller 213, support 208, 212, locking device 204), mounting rail 202 also allows each individual locking system components to receive power and transmit and receive data from other individual locking system components.

[0079] In embodiments, mounting rail 202 includes a channel 270, channel 270 including a plurality of conductors 272 (FIG. 4) positioned therein. In some embodiments, one or more of the firearm locking system component (e.g., controller 213) includes a plurality of spring contacts 274, each of the plurality of spring contacts is configured to be coupled to a corresponding one of the plurality of conductors 272. As further illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, a center channel 270 on mounting rail 202 includes four internal conductors 272A, 272B, 272C, 272D positioned such that component 213 can connect to all conductors 272A-272D simultaneously via respective spring contacts 274A-274D. FIG. 4 shows an expanded view of mounting rail-locking system component (e.g., mounting rail 202-controller 213) interface with a firearm locking system component (or “component”) decoupled or separated from mounting rail 202 to further illustrate details. In some embodiments, at least one mechanical fastener 276 is used to couple component 213 to mounting rail 202 such that component 213 may be positioned at any desired location along mounting rail 202, and operatively anchored in a desired position. This at least one mechanical fastener 276 interfaces with a respective one of the at least one mechanical mounting channel 270, each of which may include a slot, T slot, series of tapped holes, or other features or series of features configured so that the at least one mechanical fastener 276 may securely engage the respective one of the at least one mechanical mounting channel 270. In the non-limiting embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, conductor 272A is electrically connected to a power source, e.g., 12V power, conductor 372B to e.g., ground, conductor 272C to, e.g., I2C Serial Data (SDA), and conductor 272D to, e.g., I2C Serial Clock (SCL). Each connected component/module that requires power or data is connected to this shared power/data bus via a slot in mounting rail 202. In other embodiments, the power and data are carried via a total of two conductors, and a power line communication scheme is used to modulate the data onto a power signal. In other embodiments, three conductors total are used, with a ‘one-wire’ communication scheme on a single data conductor. Other implementations may include replacing one conductor with mounting rail itself, which may be used to carry the ground signal. Other implementations may use multiple slots, surface mounted contact strips, or other methods of electrically connecting each module that is connected to the mounting rail in a configuration that ensures electrical contact with a range of potential positions of the adjustably positioned modules.

[0080] In embodiments, encryption or cryptographic signing is used in communication between the controller and one or more of firearm locking system components (e.g., locking device, at least one firearm support, etc.). In one embodiment, encryption or cryptographic signing is used to ensure that the firearm locking system component(s) (also referred to as “component(s)” or “module(s)”) cannot be controlled by a third party without authenticating with the controller. In this scheme, each firearm locking system component may utilize a public certificate that can be used to verify that a message was sent by the controller. In this configuration, the controller uses the matching private key for the component(s) to securely sign each message, such that the component(s) can cryptographically ensure that the controller originated the message. In this scheme, each component uses a unique public -private pair, which is created upon first power-on or initial setup. This ensures that a third party cannot generate messages for a system that is in use or locked. In another embodiment, public-private encryption may be used instead, wherein the cryptographic signature is replaced by encrypting the entire message or data payload with a public key, which is securely stored in the controller. Each component has a matching private key that can be used to decrypt the message. In one embodiment, the cryptography utilizes a rotating randomized challenge message sent from each component. This reduces the vulnerability of the system to replay or man-in-the middle attacks, as every message must contain the unique challenge message from the component. In this configuration, if a third party recorded the encrypted or signed ‘unlock’ message from the controller and attempted to ‘replay’ it later, the component(s) would reject the message because the challenge would not match the current challenge.

[0081] FIG. 5 A depicts a perspective view of a firearm mounted within an embodiment of firearm locking system similar to the one in FIG. 2, except that a controller is omitted in FIG. 5A for simplicity. However, it is to be understood that such controller may be implemented similarly to the embodiments described with respect to FIGS. 1-4.

[0082] The firearm locking system 500 includes a mounting rail 502, a locking device 504 coupled to mounting rail 502, where locking device 504 is configured to restrain firearm 606 to mounting rail 602. The firearm locking system 500 may further include at least one firearm support 508, 512 coupled to mounting rail 502 for supporting firearm 506. The at least one support may include, for example, a stock support 508 and/or a trigger support 512.

[0083] In embodiments, locking device 504 may be configured or serve as a muzzle support. Here, locking device 504 includes a muzzle support cavity 511 for receiving at least a portion of a muzzle 514 of firearm 506 therein. Eocking device 504 may include a muzzle lock 505 positioned inside muzzle support cavity 511 and configured to releasably secure at least a portion of muzzle 514.

[0084] As further illustrated in FIG. 5B, a servomotor 520 is operatively coupled to muzzle lock 505 to selectively actuate muzzle lock 505 along an axis (Y) orthogonal to a longitudinal axis (X) of mounting rail 502. In embodiments, servomotor 520 is controlled by a controller (e.g., a controller similar to controllers 113, 213 described earlier) to selectively actuate muzzle lock 505 in response to a user authentication. For example, an authorized user may unlock locking device 504 based on user authentication including biometric authentication, radio frequency identification (RFID), near-field communication (NFC), a code, a password, a retinal scan, a mechanical key, or any combinations thereof, as described earlier with respect to controllers 113, 213. In the non-limiting example of FIG. 5B, muzzle lock 505 includes a locking bolt 518 configured to be actuated via a rack 522 and pinion gear 524 system. In this arrangement, pinion gear 524 is directly coupled to a rotational output of servomotor 520, and is positioned such that teeth 536 of pinion gear 524 are in close proximity or direct contact with the teeth of rack 522 that cut into or are attached to locking bolt 518, such that rotation of pinion gear 524 results in a linear motion of locking bolt 518. In embodiments, muzzle lock 505 moves along a predominantly linear path (along axis “Y” in FIG. 5A) orthogonal to a longitudinal axis (X) of mounting rail 502. Other implementations of muzzle lock 505 may use a cam, linear motor, solenoid, or other electromechanical elements suitable to actuate a bolt, clamp, door or other mechanical element, or any other currently known or later developed mechanisms suitable to move the muzzle lock.

[0085] Referring back to FIG. 5A, stock 530 of firearm 506 is received in at least a portion of a stock support cavity 532 of stock support 508. Locking device 504 is positioned such that firearm 506 cannot slide along the longitudinal axis (X) of mounting rail 502 by an amount greater than the lesser of a depth di of muzzle support cavity 511 and a depth d2 of stock support cavity 532. In embodiments, locking device 504 is positioned such that firearm 506 cannot substantially slide in muzzle support cavity 511 or stock support cavity 532. In any such system, cavity depths di, d2 must be greater than the difference between the maximum and minimum lengths of firearm 506, with all adjustable stocks and other adjustable elements of the firearm adjusted to their longest extents. The locking device and/or stock support of the disclosure further protect the firearm and prevent the firearm from being pulled out of the firearm locking system and from being pried and broken away from the surface that the firearm is mounted on. [0086] FIG. 6A is a perspective view of a firearm mounted within a firearm locking system that is substantially the same as embodiments of FIG. 5A, with main differences in stock support 608. As illustrated in FIG. 6A, locking system 600 includes a mounting rail 602, a locking device 604 coupled to mounting rail 602, where locking device 604 is configured to restrain firearm 606 to mounting rail 602. Firearm locking system 600 may further include at least one firearm support 608, 612 coupled to mounting rail 602 for supporting firearm 606. The at least one support may include, for example, a stock support 608 and/or a trigger support 612 for securing a stock 630 and a trigger (not shown) of firearm 606. Similar to FIG. 5A, it is to be understood that while a controller is omitted in FIG. 6A for simplicity, such controller may be implemented similarly to the embodiments described with respect to FIGS. 1-4.

[0087] As illustrated in FIG. 6A, muzzle 614 is retained with a locking device 605 (also serves as a muzzle support) similar to the one described in FIG. 5A, the details of which are omitted here for brevity. Details of trigger support 612 are similar to the ones described with respect to FIGS. 1-5A, the details of which are omitted here for brevity.

[0088] At least a portion of stock 630 of firearm 606 is retained in a stock support cavity 632. Stock support 608 further includes a releasable locking arm 640. As illustrated in more detail in FIG. 6B, releasable locking arm 640 comprises a paddle 646, a lever 648, a bearing 650 allowing for rotational motion, and at least one lock engagement feature 652 configured to engage a locking solenoid 642. The locking solenoid 642 further includes an electromagnetic coil (not shown) and a retractable pin 644. In the non-limiting embodiments of FIG. 6B illustrating the internal locking mechanism, lock engagement feature 652 is a hole in locking arm 640. In operation, when the user places a firearm 606 into locking system 600, a lever 648 coupled to paddle 646 automatically pivots paddle 646 into a ‘locked’ position where paddle 646 abuts a portion of stock 630. A spring (not shown) on locking solenoid 642 serves to automatically engage pin 644 when paddle 646 is lowered or pivoted into the locked position, allowing locking solenoid 642 to be engaged in hole 652, preventing paddle 646 from being lifted or pivoted from stock support cavity 632 without a user authentication. In an unlocked configuration, in response to a user authentication, locking solenoid 642 is disengaged from hole 652, allowing paddle 646 to be lifted or pivoted from stock support cavity 632 into an unlocked position to release firearm 606. It is to be understood that locking solenoid 642 may alternatively be any other means of preventing paddle 646 from being lifted or pivoted from stock support cavity 632. Optionally, a spring may be used to rotate paddle 646 into the ‘unlocked’ position, ensuring the safe remains open until firearm 606 is placed in the safe or paddle 646 is manually closed by the user.

[0089] In embodiments, firearm locking system 600 is configured in a manner that allows both ends (e.g., stock end and muzzle end) of firearm 606 to be released simultaneously upon a user authentication by actuating both muzzle lock 605 (similarly described in detail with respect to muzzle lock 505) and releasable locking arm 640 in response to user authentication. This provides benefits to allow the user to lift the firearm directly out of the locking system, and allows the locking system to be used in close proximity to a hard-to-mount or hard-to-reach space.

[0090] Various features of components described above may be combined for embodiments of the disclosure due to the modular nature of the components. For example, with reference to embodiments of FIG. 1, features and details described with respect to controller 213, stock supports 208, 508, 608, and trigger support 212, 512, 612 may be implemented in controller 113, stock support 108, and trigger support 112, respectively. Locking device 504, 604, which may serve as muzzle support, may be used to replace muzzle support 110. For example, controller 113 in embodiments of FIG. 1 may be modified such that controller 113 is configured/arranged similar to controller 213 as described with respect to FIGS. 2-4, the details of which are omitted for brevity. In such arrangement, controller 113 is remotely coupled to locking device 104. The fingerprint sensor 166 and touch screen 168 may be constructed to include features of fingerprint sensor 266 and touch screen 268, respectively, as described with respect to embodiments of FIGS. 2-4, the details of which are omitted here as well for brevity. Similarly, stock support 108 may include a releasable locking arm 140 similar to releasable locking arm 640 as illustrated in FIGS. 6A and 6B, for retaining at least a portion of stock 130 within stock support cavity 132. The releasable locking arm 140 of stock support 108 may also include a paddle, a lever coupled to the paddle and configured to pivot the paddle into a locked position to retain the firearm, similar to the features described with respect to releasable locking arm 640, the details of which are omitted for brevity.

[0091] FIG. 7 shows a flow chart of a method of securing a firearm, according to embodiments of the disclosure. The method includes: installing a mounting rail on a surface (S701); coupling a locking device to the mounting rail (S702); restraining the firearm to the mounting rail with the locking device (S703); coupling at least one firearm support to the mounting rail (S704); supporting the firearm with the at least one firearm support (S705); and in response to a user authentication, actuating the locking device using a controller operatively coupled to the locking device to release the firearm from the locking device (S706).

[0092] Embodiments of the disclosure provide firearm locking systems capable of securing a variety of firearms in a variety of different shapes and forms. Also, it provides firearm locking systems that can accommodate a variety of firearms without a need to significantly modify the design of firearm locking systems and, therefore, without significantly increasing the cost of manufacturing the firearm locking system(s). The firearm locking systems of the instant disclosure also provide a locking device to allow an authorized user of the firearm efficient access of the firearm. Further, the firearm locking system(s) may be configured to authenticate an authorized user and release the firearm substantially simultaneously.

[0093] The foregoing drawings show some of the processing associated according to several embodiments of this disclosure. In this regard, each drawing or block within a flow diagram of the drawings represents a process associated with embodiments of the method described. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the acts noted in the drawings or blocks may occur out of the order noted in the figure or, for example, may in fact be executed substantially concurrently or in the reverse order, depending upon the act involved. Also, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that additional blocks that describe the processing may be added.

[0094] Approximating language, as used herein throughout the specification and claims, may be applied to modify any quantitative representation that could permissibly vary without resulting in a change in the basic function to which it is related. Accordingly, a value modified by a term or terms, such as “about,” “approximately” and “substantially,” are not to be limited to the precise value specified. In at least some instances, the approximating language may correspond to the precision of an instrument for measuring the value. Here and throughout the specification and claims, range limitations may be combined and/or interchanged; such ranges are identified and include all the sub-ranges contained therein unless context or language indicates otherwise. “Approximately,” as applied to a particular value of a range, applies to both end values and, unless otherwise dependent on the precision of the instrument measuring the value, may indicate +/- 10% of the stated value(s).

[0095] The corresponding structures, materials, acts, and equivalents of all means or step plus function elements in the claims below are intended to include any structure, material, or act for performing the function in combination with other claimed elements as specifically claimed. The description of the present disclosure has been presented for purposes of illustration and description but is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the disclosure in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the disclosure. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the disclosure and the practical application and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the disclosure for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.

Claims

1. A firearm locking system for releasably securing a firearm therein, the firearm locking system comprising: a mounting rail; a locking device coupled to the mounting rail, wherein the locking device is configured to restrain the firearm to the mounting rail; at least one firearm support coupled to the mounting rail for supporting the firearm; and a controller operatively coupled to the locking device and configured to actuate the locking device for selective release of the firearm from the locking device in response to a user authentication.

2. The firearm locking system of claim 1, wherein the controller includes a user authenticator for authenticating a user to access the firearm.

3. The firearm locking system of claim 2, wherein the user authenticator includes a fingerprint sensor configured to create an image of a fingerprint of the user for authenticating the user.

4. The firearm locking system of claim 2, wherein the user authenticator includes a touch screen configured to collect information for authenticating the user.

5. The firearm locking system of claim 2, wherein the user authenticator includes a retinal scanner configured to collect information for authenticating the user.

6. The firearm locking system of claim 2, wherein the user authenticator is configured to authenticate a user based on biometric authentication, radio frequency identification (RFID), near-field communication (NFC), a code, a password, or any combinations thereof.

7. The firearm locking system of claim 5, wherein in response to the user authenticator receiving the user authentication identifying the user as an authorized user, the controller instructs the locking device to release the firearm.

8. The firearm locking system of claim 2, wherein the locking device includes a latch that encloses at least a portion of a barrel or a foregrip of the firearm and is configured to release the firearm in response to the user authenticator authenticating the user to access the firearm.

9. The firearm locking system of claim 1, wherein the controller is integrally coupled to the locking device.

10. The firearm locking system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to communicate wirelessly with the locking device.

11. The firearm locking system of claim 1, wherein the at least one firearm support includes at least one of a stock support, a muzzle support, and a trigger support.

12. The firearm locking system of claim 11, wherein the stock support includes a cavity for receiving a portion of a stock of the firearm therein and a releasable locking arm for retaining the portion of the stock of the firearm within the cavity.

13. The firearm locking system of claim 12, wherein the releasable locking arm includes a paddle, a lever coupled to the paddle and configured to pivot the paddle into a locked position to retain the firearm.

14. The firearm locking system of claim 11, wherein the muzzle support includes a muzzle support cavity for receiving at least a portion of a muzzle of the firearm therein and a muzzle lock positioned inside the muzzle support cavity and configured to releasably secure at least a portion of the muzzle in the muzzle support.

15. The firearm locking system of claim 14, wherein the muzzle support includes a muzzle lock and a servomotor operatively coupled to the muzzle lock to selectively actuate the muzzle lock along an axis orthogonal to a longitudinal axis of the mounting rail.

16. The firearm locking system of claim 15, wherein the muzzle support further includes a rack and a pinion gear coupled to the rack and the servomotor.

17. The firearm locking system of claim 15, wherein the servomotor is controlled by the controller to selectively actuate the muzzle lock in response to the user authentication.

18. The firearm locking system of claim 1, further including an adjustment member positioned between a portion of the firearm and one or more of the locking device or the at least one firearm support, the adjustment member configured to accommodate different sized firearms.

19. The firearm locking system of claim 1, wherein the locking device and the at least one firearm support are selectively coupled to the mounting rail at a plurality of positions to accommodate different length firearms.

20. The firearm locking system of claim 1, wherein the mounting rail includes a channel, the channel including a plurality of conductors positioned therein.

21. The firearm locking system of claim 20, wherein the controller includes a plurality of spring contacts, each of the plurality of spring contacts is configured to be coupled to a corresponding one of the plurality of conductors.

22. The firearm locking system of claim 1, wherein encryption or cryptographic signing is used in communication between the controller and one or more of the locking device and the at least one firearm support.

23. A firearm locking system for releasably securing a firearm therein, the firearm locking system comprising: a mounting rail; a locking device coupled to the mounting rail and configured to enclose at least a portion of a barrel of the firearm, wherein the locking device selectively restrains the firearm to the mounting rail; a trigger support coupled to the mounting rail and configured to enclose a trigger of the firearm; a stock support coupled to the mounting rail and configured to support at least a portion of a stock of the firearm; and a controller integrally coupled to the locking device, wherein the controller includes a user authenticator configured to actuate the locking device to release the firearm from the mounting rail in response to a user being authenticated to access the firearm.

24. The firearm locking system of claim 23, wherein the controller includes a user authenticator including a fingerprint sensor or a touch screen configured to collect information for authenticating the user.

25. The firearm locking system of claim 23, wherein the locking device, the trigger support, and the stock support are selectively coupled to the mounting rail at a plurality of positions to accommodate different length firearms.

26. A method of securing a firearm, the method comprising: installing a mounting rail on a surface; coupling a locking device to the mounting rail; restraining the firearm to the mounting rail with the locking device; coupling at least one firearm support to the mounting rail; supporting the firearm with the at least one firearm support; in response to a user authentication, actuating the locking device using a controller operatively coupled to the locking device to release the firearm from the locking device.