WO2023129564A9 - Degraders of grk2 and uses thereof - Google Patents

Degraders of grk2 and uses thereof Download PDF

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WO2023129564A9
WO2023129564A9 PCT/US2022/054103 US2022054103W WO2023129564A9 WO 2023129564 A9 WO2023129564 A9 WO 2023129564A9 US 2022054103 W US2022054103 W US 2022054103W WO 2023129564 A9 WO2023129564 A9 WO 2023129564A9
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optionally substituted
compound
pharmaceutically acceptable
acceptable salt
certain embodiments
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PCT/US2022/054103
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French (fr)
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WO2023129564A1 (en
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Sourav SARKAR
Eugene L. Piatnitski CHEKLER
Alexandra LANTERMANN
Bruce Allen Lefker
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Cygnal Therapeutics, Inc.
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Publication of WO2023129564A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023129564A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
    • C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings

Definitions

  • G-protein-coupled receptor kinases participate in the processes of regulation of multiple G- protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) of great physiological and pharmacological relevance. These proteins form a family of seven members that phosphorylate agonist-activated receptors in serine/threonine residues, promoting internalization, recycling and/or degradation processes of GPCRs.
  • GRK2 which is the most ubiquitous and best characterized isoform of the family of GRKs, has been found to regulate the activity of different GPCRs involved in diseases such as cancer, along with cytosolic proteins involved in proliferative and survival signaling pathways, as well as non-GPCRs membrane proteins with oncogenic potential.
  • GRK2 protein levels and activity have also been reported to be enhanced in patients and/or in preclinical models of other diseases such as heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, and hypertension. Accordingly, there is a need to develop new compounds that decrease the level and/or activity of G protein- coupled receptor kinases (GRKs), including compounds that can inhibit and/or degrade inhibit GRKs (e.g., GRK2) proteins.
  • GRKs G protein- coupled receptor kinases
  • degraders of GRK family member proteins e.g., GRK2, GRK3
  • compounds of any of the formulae herein pharmaceutical compositions and kits comprising the same, and methods of using the same (e.g., for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases, e.g., cancer, in a subject).
  • methods of preparing the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions described herein are also provided herein.
  • compounds of Formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, tautomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, co-crystals, and prodrugs thereof, wherein R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 6 , R 7 , R 13 , R 14 , X 1 , X 3 , X 4 , Z 1 , Z 2 , L 1 , G 1 , G 2 , G 3 , G 4 , G 5 , a, b, c, m, and n are as defined herein; and “Deg” is a degradation moiety, as defined herein.
  • the degradation moiety is a ubiquitin ligase (i.e., E3 ubiquitin ligase) binding moiety.
  • the ubiquitin ligase binding moiety comprises a Cereblon ligand, an Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) ligand, a mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) ligand, or a von Hippel- Lindau (VHL) ligand.
  • a compound of Formula (I) is selected from the compounds recited in Table A (infra), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, tautomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, co-crystals, and prodrugs thereof.
  • the compounds provided herein are degraders of GRK family member proteins (e.g., GRK2, GRK3) and are therefore useful for treating and/or preventing diseases (e.g., cancer) in a subject.
  • the compounds provided herein are GRK2 degraders.
  • the compounds provided herein are selective GRK2 degraders, i.e., selective for GRK2 over other kinases (e.g., over other GRK family member proteins).
  • the compounds provided herein are GRK3 degraders.
  • the compounds provided herein are selective GRK3 degraders, i.e., selective for GRK3 over other kinases (e.g., over other GRK family member proteins).
  • compositions comprising a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients.
  • a pharmaceutical composition provided herein comprises a therapeutically and/or prophylactically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions described herein are useful for treating and/or preventing diseases (e.g., cancer) in a subject.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions provided herein may further comprise one or more additional therapeutic agents (e.g., anti-cancer agents).
  • a proliferative disease e.g., cancer
  • a proliferative disease comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically and/or prophylactically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
  • the proliferative disease is cancer.
  • the proliferative disease is a cancer related to the activity of a GRK family member protein (e.g., GRK2, GRK3) in a subject or cell.
  • a cardiovascular disease in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically and/or prophylactically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
  • the cardiovascular disease is heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, or hypertension.
  • the cardiovascular disease is related to the activity of a GRK family member protein (e.g., GRK2, GRK3) in a subject or cell.
  • Methods of treating opioid addiction in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, cocrystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
  • Methods of treating and/or preventing a GRK2- or GRK3-related disease in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically and/or prophylactically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
  • the GRK2 -related disease is related to increased activity of GRK2 in a subject.
  • the GRK3-related disease is related to increased activity of GRK3 in a subject.
  • GRK family member protein e.g., GRK2, GRK3
  • a compound of Formula (I) e.g., GRK2, GRK3
  • the degrading occurs in vivo (i.e., in a subject).
  • the degrading occurs in vitro (e.g., in a cell line or biological sample).
  • the degradation is selective GRK2 degradation.
  • the degradation is selective GRK3 degradation.
  • GRK family member protein e.g., GRK2, GRK3
  • a compound of Formula (I) e.g., GRK2, GRK3
  • the inhibiting occurs in vivo (i.e., in a subject).
  • the inhibiting occurs in vitro (e.g., in a cell line or biological sample).
  • the inhibition is selective GRK2 inhibition.
  • the inhibition is selective GRK3 inhibition.
  • kits for treating and/or preventing a disease e.g., cancer, in a subject.
  • kits comprising a compound of (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, cocrystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
  • the kits described herein may include a single dose or multiple doses of the compound or pharmaceutical composition thereof.
  • the kits described herein are useful in any method or use provided herein, and optionally further comprise instructions for using the kit e.g., instructions for using the compound or composition included in the kit).
  • Synthetic intermediates useful in the preparation of the compounds are also provided herein and are considered to be part of the invention.
  • Compounds described herein can comprise one or more asymmetric centers, and thus can exist in various stereoisomeric forms, e.g., enantiomers and/or diastereomers.
  • the compounds described herein can be in the form of an individual enantiomer, diastereomer or geometric isomer, or can be in the form of a mixture of stereoisomers, including racemic mixtures and mixtures enriched in one or more stereoisomer.
  • Isomers can be isolated from mixtures by methods known to those skilled in the art, including chiral high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the formation and crystallization of chiral salts; or preferred isomers can be prepared by asymmetric syntheses.
  • HPLC high pressure liquid chromatography
  • formulae and structures depicted herein include compounds that do not include isotopically enriched atoms, and also include compounds that include isotopically enriched atoms (“isotopically labeled derivatives”).
  • compounds having the present structures except for the replacement of hydrogen by deuterium or tritium, replacement of 19 F with 18 F, or the replacement of a carbon by a 13 C- or 14 C -enriched carbon are within the scope of the disclosure. Such compounds are useful, for example, as analytical tools or probes in biological assays.
  • isotopes refers to variants of a particular chemical element such that, while all isotopes of a given element share the same number of protons in each atom of the element, those isotopes differ in the number of neutrons.
  • range When a range of values (“range”) is listed, it encompasses each value and sub-range within the range.
  • a range is inclusive of the values at the two ends of the range unless otherwise provided.
  • Ce-6 alkyl encompasses, Ci, C2, C3, C4, C5, Ce, C1-6, C1-5, CIM, C1-3, C1-2, C2-6, C2-5, C2-4, C2-3, C3-6, C3-5, C ; 4, C 6, C4-5, and C5-6 alkyl.
  • At least one instance refers to 1, 2, 3, 4, or more instances, but also encompasses a range, e.g., for example, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 3, from 1 to 2, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 3, or from 3 to 4 instances, inclusive.
  • aliphatic refers to alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and carbocyclic groups.
  • heteroaliphatic refers to heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, and heterocyclic groups.
  • alkyl refers to a radical of a straight-chain or branched saturated hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms (“C1-20 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 12 carbon atoms (“C1-12 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 10 carbon atoms (“Cuo alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 9 carbon atoms (“C1-9 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 8 carbon atoms (“C1-8 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 7 carbon atoms (“C1-7 alkyl”).
  • an alkyl group has 1 to 6 carbon atoms (“C1-6 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 5 carbon atoms (“C1-5 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 4 carbon atoms (“CM alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 3 carbon atoms (“C1-3 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 2 carbon atoms (“C1-2 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 carbon atom (“Ci alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 2 to 6 carbon atoms (“C2-6 alkyl”).
  • C1-6 alkyl groups include methyl (Ci), ethyl (C2), propyl (C3) (e.g., n-propyl, isopropyl), butyl (C4) e.g., //-butyl, tert-butyl, sec -butyl, isobutyl), pentyl (C5) e.g., / -pentyl, 3-pentanyl, amyl, neopentyl, 3- methyl-2-butanyl, tert-amyl), and hexyl (Ce) (e.g., //-hexyl).
  • alkyl groups include n- heptyl (C7), n-octyl (Cs), //-dodecyl (C12), and the like. Unless otherwise specified, each instance of an alkyl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted alkyl”) or substituted (a “substituted alkyl”) with one or more substituents (e.g., halogen, such as F).
  • substituents e.g., halogen, such as F
  • the alkyl group is an unsubstituted Ci- 12 alkyl (such as unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, e.g., -CH3 (Me), unsubstituted ethyl (Et), unsubstituted propyl (Pr, e.g., unsubstituted n-propyl (n-Pr), unsubstituted isopropyl (z'-Pr)), unsubstituted butyl (Bu, e.g., unsubstituted //-butyl (//-Bu), unsubstituted tert-butyl (tert-Bu or t-Bu), unsubstituted sec -butyl (sec-Bu or s-Bu), unsubstituted isobutyl (z'-Bu)).
  • Ci- 12 alkyl such as unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, e.g., -CH3 (Me),
  • the alkyl group is a substituted C1-12 alkyl (such as substituted Ci 6 alkyl, e.g., -CH 2 F, -CHF 2 , -CF 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 F, -CH 2 CHF 2 , -CH 2 CF 3 , or benzyl (Bn)).
  • haloalkyl is a substituted alkyl group, wherein one or more of the hydrogen atoms are independently replaced by a halogen, e.g., fluoro, bromo, chloro, or iodo.
  • Perhaloalkyl is a subset of haloalkyl and refers to an alkyl group wherein all of the hydrogen atoms are independently replaced by a halogen, e.g., fluoro, bromo, chloro, or iodo.
  • the haloalkyl moiety has 1 to 20 carbon atoms (“Ci- 2 o haloalkyl”).
  • the haloalkyl moiety has 1 to 10 carbon atoms (“Cuo haloalkyl”).
  • the haloalkyl moiety has 1 to 9 carbon atoms (“C1-9 haloalkyl”).
  • the haloalkyl moiety has 1 to 8 carbon atoms (“Ci-s haloalkyl”). In some embodiments, the haloalkyl moiety has 1 to 7 carbon atoms (“C1-7 haloalkyl”). In some embodiments, the haloalkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms (“C1-6 haloalkyl”). In some embodiments, the haloalkyl moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms (“C1-5 haloalkyl”). In some embodiments, the haloalkyl moiety has 1 to 4 carbon atoms (“CM haloalkyl”).
  • the haloalkyl moiety has 1 to 3 carbon atoms (“C1-3 haloalkyl”). In some embodiments, the haloalkyl moiety has 1 to 2 carbon atoms (“C1-2 haloalkyl”). In some embodiments, all of the haloalkyl hydrogen atoms are independently replaced with fluoro to provide a “perfluoroalkyl” group. In some embodiments, all of the haloalkyl hydrogen atoms are independently replaced with chloro to provide a “perchloroalkyl” group.
  • haloalkyl groups include -CHF 2 , -CH 2 F, -CF 3 , -CH 2 CF 3 , -CF 2 CF 3 , -CF 2 CF 2 CF 3 , -CC1 3 , -CFC1 2 , -CF 2 C1, and the like.
  • heteroalkyl refers to an alkyl group, which further includes at least one heteroatom (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms) selected from oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur within e.g., inserted between adjacent carbon atoms of) and/or placed at one or more terminal position(s) of the parent chain.
  • a heteroalkyl group refers to a saturated group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“Ci- 2 o heteroalkyl”).
  • a heteroalkyl group refers to a saturated group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“C1-12 heteroalkyl”).
  • a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“Cm heteroalkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“Cuo heteroalkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“C1-9 heteroalkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“C1-8 heteroalkyl”).
  • a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“C1-7 heteroalkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“C1-6 heteroalkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms and 1 or 2 heteroatoms within the parent chain (“C1-5 heteroalkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and lor 2 heteroatoms within the parent chain (“CM heteroalkyl”).
  • a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and 1 heteroatom within the parent chain (“C1-3 heteroalkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms and 1 heteroatom within the parent chain (“C1-2 heteroalkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 carbon atom and 1 heteroatom (“Ci heteroalkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms and 1 or 2 heteroatoms within the parent chain (“C2-6 heteroalkyl”). Unless otherwise specified, each instance of a heteroalkyl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted heteroalkyl”) or substituted (a “substituted heteroalkyl”) with one or more substituents.
  • alkenyl refers to a radical of a straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and one or more carbon-carbon double bonds (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4 double bonds).
  • an alkenyl group has 1 to 20 carbon atoms (“C1-20 alkenyl”).
  • an alkenyl group has 1 to 12 carbon atoms (“C1-12 alkenyl”).
  • an alkenyl group has 1 to 11 carbon atoms (“Cm alkenyl”).
  • an alkenyl group has 1 to 10 carbon atoms (“CHO alkenyl”).
  • an alkenyl group has 1 to 9 carbon atoms (“C1-9 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 1 to 8 carbon atoms (“C1-8 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 1 to 7 carbon atoms (“C1-7 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 1 to 6 carbon atoms (“C1-6 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 1 to 5 carbon atoms (“C1-5 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 1 to 4 carbon atoms (“CIM alkenyl”).
  • an alkenyl group has 1 to 3 carbon atoms (“C1-3 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 1 to 2 carbon atoms (“C1-2 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 1 carbon atom (“Ci alkenyl”).
  • the one or more carbon-carbon double bonds can be internal (such as in 2-butenyl) or terminal (such as in 1-butenyl). Examples of CIM alkenyl groups include methylidenyl (Ci), ethenyl (C2), 1-propenyl (C3), 2-propenyl (C3), 1- butenyl (C4), 2-butenyl (C4), butadienyl (C4), and the like.
  • heteroalkenyl refers to an alkenyl group, which further includes at least one heteroatom e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms) selected from oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur within (e.g., inserted between adjacent carbon atoms of) and/or placed at one or more terminal position(s) of the parent chain.
  • a heteroalkenyl group refers to a group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“C1-20 heteroalkenyl”).
  • a heteroalkenyl group refers to a group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“C1-12 heteroalkenyl”). In certain embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group refers to a group having from 1 to 11 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“Cm heteroalkenyl”). In certain embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group refers to a group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“CHO heteroalkenyl”).
  • a heteroalkenyl group has 1 to 9 carbon atoms at least one double bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“C1-9 heteroalkenyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group has 1 to 8 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“Ci-s heteroalkenyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group has 1 to 7 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“C1-7 heteroalkenyl”).
  • a heteroalkenyl group has Ito 6 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“C1-6 heteroalkenyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group has 1 to 5 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or 2 heteroatoms within the parent chain (“C1-5 heteroalkenyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group has 1 to 4 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or 2 heteroatoms within the parent chain (“CM heteroalkenyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group has 1 to 3 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 heteroatom within the parent chain (“C1-3 heteroalkenyl”).
  • a heteroalkenyl group has 1 to 2 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 heteroatom within the parent chain (“C1-2 heteroalkenyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group has 1 to 6 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or 2 heteroatoms within the parent chain (“C1-6 heteroalkenyl”). Unless otherwise specified, each instance of a heteroalkenyl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted heteroalkenyl”) or substituted (a “substituted heteroalkenyl”) with one or more substituents.
  • alkynyl refers to a radical of a straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4 triple bonds) (“C1-20 alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 1 to 10 carbon atoms (“Cno alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 1 to 9 carbon atoms (“C1-9 alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 1 to 8 carbon atoms (“Ci s alkynyl”).
  • an alkynyl group has 1 to 7 carbon atoms (“C1-7 alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 1 to 6 carbon atoms (“C1-6 alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 1 to 5 carbon atoms (“C1-5 alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 1 to 4 carbon atoms (“C1-4 alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 1 to 3 carbon atoms (“C1-3 alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 1 to 2 carbon atoms (“C1-2 alkynyl”).
  • an alkynyl group has 1 carbon atom (“Ci alkynyl”).
  • the one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds can be internal (such as in 2-butynyl) or terminal (such as in 1-butynyl).
  • Examples of C1-4 alkynyl groups include, without limitation, methylidynyl (Ci), ethynyl (C2), 1-propynyl (C3), 2- propynyl (C3), 1-butynyl (C4), 2-butynyl (C4), and the like.
  • C1-6 alkenyl groups include the aforementioned C2-4 alkynyl groups as well as pentynyl (C5), hexynyl (Ce), and the like. Additional examples of alkynyl include heptynyl (C7), octynyl (Cs), and the like. Unless otherwise specified, each instance of an alkynyl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted alkynyl”) or substituted (a “substituted alkynyl”) with one or more substituents.
  • heteroalkynyl refers to an alkynyl group, which further includes at least one heteroatom (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms) selected from oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur within (e.g., inserted between adjacent carbon atoms of) and/or placed at one or more terminal position(s) of the parent chain.
  • a heteroalkynyl group refers to a group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“C1-20 heteroalkynyl”).
  • a heteroalkynyl group refers to a group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“Cuo heteroalkynyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group has 1 to 9 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“C1-9 heteroalkynyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group has 1 to 8 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“Ci-s heteroalkynyl”).
  • a heteroalkynyl group has 1 to 7 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“C1-7 heteroalkynyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group has 1 to 6 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“C1-6 heteroalkynyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group has 1 to 5 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 or 2 heteroatoms within the parent chain (“C1-5 heteroalkynyl”).
  • a heteroalkynyl group has 1 to 4 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and lor 2 heteroatoms within the parent chain (“Ci ⁇ heteroalkynyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group has 1 to 3 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 heteroatom within the parent chain (“C1-3 heteroalkynyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group has 1 to 2 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 heteroatom within the parent chain (“heteroCi-2 alkynyl”).
  • a heteroalkynyl group has 1 to 6 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 or 2 heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroCi-6 alkynyl”). Unless otherwise specified, each instance of a heteroalkynyl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted heteroalkynyl”) or substituted (a “substituted heteroalkynyl”) with one or more substituents.
  • carbocyclyl refers to a radical of a non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon group having from 3 to 14 ring carbon atoms (“C3-14 carbocyclyl”) and zero heteroatoms in the non-aromatic ring system.
  • a carbocyclyl group has 3 to 14 ring carbon atoms (“C3-14 carbocyclyl”).
  • a carbocyclyl group has 3 to 13 ring carbon atoms (“C3-13 carbocyclyl”).
  • a carbocyclyl group has 3 to 12 ring carbon atoms (“C3-12 carbocyclyl”).
  • a carbocyclyl group has 3 to 11 ring carbon atoms (“C3-11 carbocyclyl”). In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 3 to 10 ring carbon atoms (“C3-10 carbocyclyl”). In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 3 to 8 ring carbon atoms (“C3-8 carbocyclyl”). In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 3 to 7 ring carbon atoms (“C3-7 carbocyclyl”). In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms (“C3-6 carbocyclyl”).
  • a carbocyclyl group has 4 to 6 ring carbon atoms (“C4-6 carbocyclyl”). In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 5 to 6 ring carbon atoms (“C5-6 carbocyclyl”). In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 5 to 10 ring carbon atoms (“C5 -10 carbocyclyl”).
  • Exemplary C3-6 carbocyclyl groups include cyclopropyl (C3), cyclopropenyl (C3), cyclobutyl (C4), cyclobutenyl (C4), cyclopentyl (C5), cyclopentenyl (C5), cyclohexyl (Ce), cyclohexenyl (Ce), cyclohexadienyl (Ce), and the like.
  • Exemplary C3-8 carbocyclyl groups include the aforementioned C3-6 carbocyclyl groups as well as cycloheptyl (C7), cycloheptenyl (C7), cycloheptadienyl (C7), cycloheptatrienyl (C7), cyclooctyl (Cs), cyclooctenyl (Cs), bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl (C7), bicyclo[2.2.2]octanyl (Cs), and the like.
  • Exemplary C3-10 carbocyclyl groups include the aforementioned C3-8 carbocyclyl groups as well as cyclononyl (C9), cyclononenyl (C9), cyclodecyl (Cw), cyclodecenyl (Cw), octahydro- 1 H-indenyl (C9), decahydronaphthalenyl (Cw), spiro[4.5]decanyl (Cw), and the like.
  • Exemplary C3-8 carbocyclyl groups include the aforementioned C3 10 carbocyclyl groups as well as cycloundecyl (Cn), spiro[5.5]undecanyl (Cn), cyclododecyl (C12), cyclododecenyl (C12), cyclotridecane (C13), cyclotetradecane (CM), and the like.
  • the carbocyclyl group is either monocyclic (“monocyclic carbocyclyl”) or polycyclic (e.g., containing a fused, bridged or spiro ring system such as a bicyclic system (“bicyclic carbocyclyl”) or tricyclic system (“tricyclic carbocyclyl”)) and can be saturated or can contain one or more carbon-carbon double or triple bonds.
  • Carbocyclyl also includes ring systems wherein the carbocyclyl ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more aryl or heteroaryl groups wherein the point of attachment is on the carbocyclyl ring, and in such instances, the number of carbons continue to designate the number of carbons in the carbocyclic ring system. Unless otherwise specified, each instance of a carbocyclyl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted carbocyclyl”) or substituted (a “substituted carbocyclyl”) with one or more substituents.
  • “carbocyclyl” is a monocyclic, saturated carbocyclyl group having from 3 to 14 ring carbon atoms (“C3-14 cycloalkyl”). In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 3 to 10 ring carbon atoms (“C3 10 cycloalkyl”). In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 3 to 8 ring carbon atoms (“C3-8 cycloalkyl”). In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms (“C3-6 cycloalkyl”). In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 4 to 6 ring carbon atoms (“C4-6 cycloalkyl”).
  • a cycloalkyl group has 5 to 6 ring carbon atoms (“C5-6 cycloalkyl”). In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 5 to 10 ring carbon atoms (“C5 -10 cycloalkyl”). Examples of C5-6 cycloalkyl groups include cyclopentyl (C5) and cyclohexyl (C5). Examples of C3-6 cycloalkyl groups include the aforementioned C5-6 cycloalkyl groups as well as cyclopropyl (C3) and cyclobutyl (C4).
  • C3-8 cycloalkyl groups include the aforementioned C3-6 cycloalkyl groups as well as cycloheptyl (C7) and cyclooctyl (Cs).
  • each instance of a cycloalkyl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted cycloalkyl”) or substituted (a “substituted cycloalkyl”) with one or more substituents.
  • heterocyclyl refers to a radical of a 3- to 14-membered non-aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1 to 4 ring heteroatoms, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur (“3-14 membered heterocyclyl”).
  • heterocyclyl groups that contain one or more nitrogen atoms, the point of attachment can be a carbon or nitrogen atom, as valency permits.
  • a heterocyclyl group can either be monocyclic (“monocyclic heterocyclyl”) or polycyclic (e.g., a fused, bridged or spiro ring system such as a bicyclic system (“bicyclic heterocyclyl”) or tricyclic system (“bicyclic heterocyclyl”)), and can be saturated or can contain one or more carbon-carbon double or triple bonds.
  • heterocyclyl polycyclic ring systems can include one or more heteroatoms in one or both rings.
  • Heterocyclyl also includes ring systems wherein the heterocyclyl ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more carbocyclyl groups wherein the point of attachment is either on the carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl ring, or ring systems wherein the heterocyclyl ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more aryl or heteroaryl groups, wherein the point of attachment is on the heterocyclyl ring, and in such instances, the number of ring members continue to designate the number of ring members in the heterocyclyl ring system.
  • each instance of heterocyclyl is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted heterocyclyl”) or substituted (a “substituted heterocyclyl”) with one or more substituents.
  • the heterocyclyl is substituted or unsubstituted, 3- to 8-membered, monocyclic heterocyclyl, wherein 1, 2, or 3 atoms in the heterocyclic ring system are independently oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur, as valency permits.
  • a heterocyclyl group is a 5-10 membered non-aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1-4 ring heteroatoms, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur (“5-10 membered heterocyclyl”).
  • a heterocyclyl group is a 5-8 membered non-aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1-4 ring heteroatoms, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur (“5-8 membered heterocyclyl”).
  • a heterocyclyl group is a 5-6 membered non-aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1-4 ring heteroatoms, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur (“5-6 membered heterocyclyl”).
  • the 5-6 membered heterocyclyl has 1-3 ring heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • the 5-6 membered heterocyclyl has 1-2 ring heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • the 5-6 membered heterocyclyl has 1 ring heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • Exemplary 3-membered heterocyclyl groups containing 1 heteroatom include azirdinyl, oxiranyl, and thiiranyl.
  • Exemplary 4-membered heterocyclyl groups containing 1 heteroatom include azetidinyl, oxetanyl, and thietanyl.
  • Exemplary 5-membered heterocyclyl groups containing 1 heteroatom include tetrahydrofuranyl, dihydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, dihydrothiophenyl, pyrrolidinyl, dihydropyrrolyl, and pyrrolyl-2,5- dione.
  • Exemplary 5-membered heterocyclyl groups containing 2 heteroatoms include dioxolanyl, oxathiolanyl and dithiolanyl.
  • Exemplary 5-membered heterocyclyl groups containing 3 heteroatoms include triazolinyl, oxadiazolinyl, and thiadiazolinyl.
  • Exemplary 6-membered heterocyclyl groups containing 1 heteroatom include piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dihydropyridinyl, and thianyl.
  • Exemplary 6-membered heterocyclyl groups containing 2 heteroatoms include piperazinyl, morpholinyl, dithianyl, and dioxanyl.
  • Exemplary 6- membered heterocyclyl groups containing 3 heteroatoms include triazinyl.
  • Exemplary 7-membered heterocyclyl groups containing 1 heteroatom include azepanyl, oxepanyl and thiepanyl.
  • Exemplary 8- membered heterocyclyl groups containing 1 heteroatom include azocanyl, oxecanyl and thiocanyl.
  • Exemplary bicyclic heterocyclyl groups include indolinyl, isoindolinyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, dihydrobenzothienyl, tetrahydrobenzothienyl, tetrahydrobenzofuranyl, tetrahydroindolyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, decahydroquinolinyl, decahydroisoquinolinyl, octahydrochromenyl, octahydroisochromenyl, decahydronaphthyridinyl, decahydro-1 ,8-naphthyridinyl, octahydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole, indolinyl, phthalimidyl, naphthalimidyl, chromanyl, chromenyl, lH-benzo[e][l,4
  • aryl refers to a radical of a monocyclic or polycyclic (e.g., bicyclic or tricyclic) 4n+2 aromatic ring system (e.g., having 6, 10, or 14 71 electrons shared in a cyclic array) having 6-14 ring carbon atoms and zero heteroatoms provided in the aromatic ring system (“Ce -14 aryl”).
  • an aryl group has 6 ring carbon atoms (“Ce aryl”; e.g., phenyl).
  • an aryl group has 10 ring carbon atoms (“C10 aryl”; e.g., naphthyl such as 1-naphthyl and 2-naphthyl).
  • an aryl group has 14 ring carbon atoms (“C14 aryl”; e.g., anthracyl).
  • Aryl also includes ring systems wherein the aryl ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl groups wherein the radical or point of attachment is on the aryl ring, and in such instances, the number of carbon atoms continue to designate the number of carbon atoms in the aryl ring system. Unless otherwise specified, each instance of an aryl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted aryl”) or substituted (a “substituted aryl”) with one or more substituents.
  • heteroaryl refers to a radical of a 5-14 membered monocyclic or polycyclic (e.g., bicyclic, tricyclic) 4n+2 aromatic ring system e.g., having 6, 10, or 14 71 electrons shared in a cyclic array) having ring carbon atoms and 1-4 ring heteroatoms provided in the aromatic ring system, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur (“5-14 membered heteroaryl”).
  • the point of attachment can be a carbon or nitrogen atom, as valency permits.
  • Heteroaryl polycyclic ring systems can include one or more heteroatoms in one or both rings.
  • Heteroaryl includes ring systems wherein the heteroaryl ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl groups wherein the point of attachment is on the heteroaryl ring, and in such instances, the number of ring members continue to designate the number of ring members in the heteroaryl ring system. “Heteroaryl” also includes ring systems wherein the heteroaryl ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more aryl groups wherein the point of attachment is either on the aryl or heteroaryl ring, and in such instances, the number of ring members designates the number of ring members in the fused polycyclic (aryl/heteroaryl) ring system.
  • Polycyclic heteroaryl groups wherein one ring does not contain a heteroatom e.g., indolyl, quinolinyl, carbazolyl, and the like
  • the point of attachment can be on either ring, e.g., either the ring bearing a heteroatom (e.g., 2-indolyl) or the ring that does not contain a heteroatom (e.g., 5-indolyl).
  • the heteroaryl is substituted or unsubstituted, 5- or 6-membered, monocyclic heteroaryl, wherein 1, 2, 3, or 4 atoms in the heteroaryl ring system are independently oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur.
  • the heteroaryl is substituted or unsubstituted, 9- or 10-membered, bicyclic heteroaryl, wherein 1, 2, 3, or 4 atoms in the heteroaryl ring system are independently oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur.
  • a heteroaryl group is a 5-10 membered aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1-4 ring heteroatoms provided in the aromatic ring system, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur (“5-10 membered heteroaryl”).
  • a heteroaryl group is a 5-8 membered aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1-4 ring heteroatoms provided in the aromatic ring system, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur (“5-8 membered heteroaryl”).
  • a heteroaryl group is a 5-6 membered aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1 ⁇ 1 ring heteroatoms provided in the aromatic ring system, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur (“5-6 membered heteroaryl”).
  • the 5-6 membered heteroaryl has 1-3 ring heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • the 5-6 membered heteroaryl has 1-2 ring heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • the 5-6 membered heteroaryl has 1 ring heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • each instance of a heteroaryl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted heteroaryl”) or substituted (a “substituted heteroaryl”) with one or more substituents.
  • Exemplary 5-membered heteroaryl groups containing 1 heteroatom include pyrrolyl, furanyl, and thiophenyl.
  • Exemplary 5-membered heteroaryl groups containing 2 heteroatoms include imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, and isothiazolyl.
  • Exemplary 5-membered heteroaryl groups containing 3 heteroatoms include triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, and thiadiazolyl.
  • Exemplary 5 -membered heteroaryl groups containing 4 heteroatoms include tetrazolyl.
  • Exemplary 6-membered heteroaryl groups containing 1 heteroatom include pyridinyl.
  • Exemplary 6-membered heteroaryl groups containing 2 heteroatoms include pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, and pyrazinyl.
  • Exemplary 6-membered heteroaryl groups containing 3 or 4 heteroatoms include triazinyl and tetrazinyl, respectively.
  • Exemplary 7-membered heteroaryl groups containing 1 heteroatom include azepinyl, oxepinyl, and thiepinyl.
  • Exemplary 5,6-bicyclic heteroaryl groups include indolyl, isoindolyl, indazolyl, benzotriazolyl, benzothiophenyl, isobenzothiophenyl, benzofuranyl, benzoisofuranyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, benzthiazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzthiadiazolyl, indolizinyl, and purinyl.
  • Exemplary 6,6-bicyclic heteroaryl groups include naphthyridinyl, pteridinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, cinnolinyl, quinoxalinyl, phthalazinyl, and quinazolinyl.
  • Exemplary tricyclic heteroaryl groups include phenanthridinyl, dibenzofuranyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, and phenazinyl.
  • Carbocyclylalkyl is a subset of “alkyl” and refers to an alkyl group substituted by a carbocyclyl group, wherein the point of attachment is on the alkyl group (e.g., “optionally substituted Cs s carbocyclyl Ci-6 alkyl” is a Ci-6 alkyl group substituted by a Cs s carbocyclyl group, wherein the point of attachment is on the alkyl group, and both the alkyl and carbocyclyl groups are optionally further substituted).
  • Arylalkyl is a subset of “alkyl” and refers to an alkyl group substituted by an aryl group, wherein the point of attachment is on the alkyl group (e.g., “optionally substituted C w aryl Ci-6 alkyl” is a Ci-6 alkyl group substituted by a Ce-io aryl group, wherein the point of attachment is on the alkyl group, and both the alkyl and aryl groups are optionally further substituted).
  • Heterocyclylalkyl is a subset of “alkyl” and refers to an alkyl group substituted by a heterocyclyl group, wherein the point of attachment is on the alkyl group (e.g., “optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl Ci-6 alkyl” is a Ci-6 alkyl group substituted by a 3-8 membered heterocyclyl group, wherein the point of attachment is on the alkyl group, and both the alkyl and heterocyclyl groups are optionally further substituted).
  • Heteroarylalkyl is a subset of “alkyl” and refers to an alkyl group substituted by a heteroaryl group, wherein the point of attachment is on the alkyl group (e.g., “optionally substituted C5-10 heteroaryl C1-6 alkyl” is a C1-6 alkyl group substituted by a C5 10 heteroaryl group, wherein the point of attachment is on the alkyl group, and both the alkyl and heteroaryl groups are optionally further substituted).
  • Exemplary acyl groups include aldehydes (-CHO), carboxylic acids (-CHO), carb
  • halo or halogen refers to fluorine (fluoro, -F), chlorine (chloro, -Cl), bromine (bromo, -Br), or iodine (iodo, -I).
  • sil refers to the group -Si(R aa )3, wherein R aa is as defined herein.
  • the term “unsaturated bond” refers to a double or triple bond.
  • the term “unsaturated” or “partially unsaturated” refers to a moiety that includes at least one double or triple bond.
  • the term “saturated” or “fully saturated” refers to a moiety that does not contain a double or triple bond, e.g., the moiety only contains single bonds.
  • alkylene is the divalent moiety of alkyl
  • alkenylene is the divalent moiety of alkenyl
  • alkynylene is the divalent moiety of alkynyl
  • heteroalkylene is the divalent moiety of heteroalkyl
  • heteroalkenylene is the divalent moiety of heteroalkenyl
  • heteroalkynylene is the divalent moiety of heteroalkynyl
  • carbocyclylene is the divalent moiety of carbocyclyl
  • heterocyclylene is the divalent moiety of heterocyclyl
  • arylene is the divalent moiety of aryl
  • heteroarylene is the divalent moiety of heteroaryl.
  • a group is optionally substituted unless expressly provided otherwise.
  • the term “optionally substituted” refers to being substituted or unsubstituted.
  • alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl groups are optionally substituted.
  • Optionally substituted refers to a group which is substituted or unsubstituted e.g., “substituted” or “unsubstituted” alkyl, “substituted” or “unsubstituted” alkenyl, “substituted” or “unsubstituted” alkynyl, “substituted” or “unsubstituted” heteroalkyl, “substituted” or “unsubstituted” heteroalkenyl, “substituted” or “unsubstituted” heteroalkynyl, “substituted” or “unsubstituted” carbocyclyl, “substituted” or “unsubstituted” heterocyclyl, “substituted” or “unsubstituted” aryl or “substituted” or “unsubstituted” heteroaryl group).
  • substituted means that at least one hydrogen present on a group is replaced with a permissible substituent, e.g., a substituent which upon substitution results in a stable compound, e.g., a compound which does not spontaneously undergo transformation such as by rearrangement, cyclization, elimination, or other reaction.
  • a “substituted” group has a substituent at one or more substitutable positions of the group, and when more than one position in any given structure is substituted, the substituent is either the same or different at each position.
  • substituted is contemplated to include substitution with all permissible substituents of organic compounds and includes any of the substituents described herein that results in the formation of a stable compound.
  • the present disclosure contemplates any and all such combinations in order to arrive at a stable compound.
  • heteroatoms such as nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur may have hydrogen substituents and/or any suitable substituent as described herein which satisfy the valencies of the heteroatoms and results in the formation of a stable moiety.
  • the embodiments described herein are not limited in any manner by the exemplary substituents described herein.
  • the molecular weight of a substituent is lower than 250, lower than 200, lower than 150, lower than 100, or lower than 50 g/mol.
  • a carbon atom substituent consists of carbon, hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and/or silicon atoms. In certain embodiments, a carbon atom substituent consists of carbon, hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, oxygen, sulfur, and/or nitrogen atoms. In certain embodiments, a carbon atom substituent consists of carbon, hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and/or iodine atoms. In certain embodiments, a carbon atom substituent consists of carbon, hydrogen, fluorine, and/or chlorine atoms.
  • each carbon atom substituent is independently halogen, substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, -OR 33 , -SR 33 , -N(R bb )2, -CN, or -NO2.
  • each carbon atom substituent is independently halogen, substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen moieties) or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, -OR 33 , -SR 33 , -N(R bb )2, -CN, -SCN, or -NO2, wherein R 33 is hydrogen, substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, an oxygen protecting group (e.g., silyl, TBDPS, TBDMS, TIPS, TES, TMS, MOM, THP, t-Bu, Bn, allyl, acetyl, pivaloyl, or benzoyl) when attached to an oxygen atom, or a sulfur protecting group (e.g., acetamidomethyl, t-Bu, 3-nitro- 2-pyridine sulfenyl, 2-pyridine-sulfenyl, or tripheny
  • R 33
  • the substituent present on the nitrogen atom is a nitrogen protecting group (also referred to herein as an “amino protecting group”).
  • R bb , R cc and R dd are as defined herein.
  • Nitrogen protecting groups are well known in the art and include those described in detail in Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis, T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, 3 rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1999, incorporated herein by reference.
  • each nitrogen protecting group is independently selected from the group consisting of formamide, acetamide, chloroacetamide, trichloroacetamide, trifluoroacetamide, phenylacetamide, 3- phenylpropanamide, picolinamide, 3 -pyridylcarboxamide, /V-bcnzoylphcnylalanyl derivatives, benzamide, p- phenylbenzamide, o-nitophenylacetamide, o-nitrophenoxyacetamide, acetoacetamide, (N’- dithiobenzyloxy acylamino) acetamide , 3 -(p-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide , 3 -(o-nitrophenyl)propanamide , 2- methyl-2-(o-nitrophenoxy)propanamide, 2-methyl-2-(o-phenylazophenoxy)propanamide, 4- chlorobutyl, benzamide, p-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide, 3
  • each nitrogen protecting group is independently selected from the group consisting of methyl carbamate, ethyl carbamate, 9-fluorenylmethyl carbamate (Fmoc), 9-(2-sulfo)fluorenylmethyl carbamate, 9- (2,7-dibromo)fluoroenylmethyl carbamate, 2,7 -di-t -butyl- [9-( 10, 10-dioxo- 10,10,10,10- tetrahydrothioxanthyl)] methyl carbamate (DBD-Tmoc), 4-methoxyphenacyl carbamate (Phenoc), 2,2,2- trichloroethyl carbamate (Troc), 2-trimethylsilylethyl carbamate (Teoc), 2-phenylethyl carbamate (hZ), 1-(1- adamantyl)-l -methylethyl -methylethyl methyl carbamate (D-Tmoc
  • each nitrogen protecting group is independently selected from the group consisting of p- toluenesulfonamide (Ts), benzenesulfonamide, 2,3,6-trimethyl-4-methoxybenzenesulfonamide (Mtr), 2,4,6- trimethoxybenzenesulfonamide (Mtb), 2,6-dimethyl-4-methoxybenzenesulfonamide (Pme), 2, 3,5,6- tetramethyl-4-methoxybenzenesulfonamide (Mte), 4-methoxybenzenesulfonamide (Mbs), 2,4,6- trimethylbenzenesulfonamide (Mts), 2,6-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide (iMds), 2, 2, 5,7,8- pentamethylchroman-6-sulfonamide (Pmc), methanesulfonamide (Ms),
  • Ts p- toluenesulfonamide
  • each nitrogen protecting group is independently selected from the group consisting of phenothiazinyl- (lO)-acyl derivatives, /V’- -tolucncsulfonylaminoacyl derivatives, TV’ -phenylaminothioacyl derivatives, N- benzoylphenylalanyl derivatives, /V-acctylmcthioninc derivatives, 4,5-diphenyl-3-oxazolin-2-one, N- phthalimide, /V-dithiasuccinimidc (Dts), /V-2,3-diphcnylmalcimidc, N-2, 5-di methyl pyrrole, AM, 1,4,4- tetramethyldisilylazacyclopentane adduct (STABASE), 5-substituted l,3-dimethyl-l,3,5-
  • a nitrogen protecting group is benzyl (Bn), tert-butyloxycarbonyl (BOC), carbobenzyloxy (Cbz), 9-flurenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc), trifluoroacetyl, triphenylmethyl, acetyl (Ac), benzoyl (Bz), p-methoxybenzyl (PMB), 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl (DMPM), p-methoxyphenyl (PMP), 2,2,2- trichloroethyloxycarbonyl (Troc), triphenylmethyl (Tr), tosyl (Ts), brosyl (Bs), nosyl (Ns), mesyl (Ms), triflyl (Tf), or dansyl (Ds).
  • at least one nitrogen protecting group is Bn, Boc, Cbz, Fmoc, trifluoroacetyl, triphenylmethyl,
  • each oxygen atom substituent is independently substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted Ci-6 alkyl or an oxygen protecting group.
  • the substituent present on an oxygen atom is an oxygen protecting group (also referred to herein as an “hydroxyl protecting group”).
  • R bb , and R cc are as defined herein.
  • Oxygen protecting groups are well known in the art and include those described in detail in Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis, T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, 3 rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1999, incorporated herein by reference.
  • each oxygen protecting group is selected from the group consisting of methoxy, methoxylmethyl (MOM), methylthiomethyl (MTM), t-butylthiomethyl, (phenyldimethylsilyl)methoxymethyl (SMOM), benzyloxymethyl (BOM), p-methoxybenzyloxymethyl (PMBM), (4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl (p-AOM), guaiacolmethyl (GUM), t-butoxymethyl, 4-pentenyloxymethyl (POM), siloxymethyl, 2-methoxy ethoxymethyl (MEM), 2,2,2-trichloroethoxymethyl, bis(2-chloroethoxy)methyl, 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl (SEMOR), tetrahydropyranyl (THP), 3-bromotetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, 1 -
  • an oxygen protecting group is silyl.
  • an oxygen protecting group is t-butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS), t-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS), triisoproylsilyl (TIPS), triphenylsilyl (TPS), triethylsilyl (TES), trimethylsilyl (TMS), triisopropylsiloxymethyl (TOM), acetyl (Ac), benzoyl (Bz), allyl carbonate, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl carbonate (Troc), 2-trimethylsilylethyl carbonate, methoxymethyl (MOM), 1-ethoxyethyl (EE), 2-methyoxy-2-propyl (MOP), 2,2,2-trichloroethoxyethyl, 2- methoxyethoxymethyl (MEM), 2-trimethylsilylethoxymethyl (SEM), methylthiomethyl (MTM),
  • each sulfur atom substituent is independently substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted Ci-6 alkyl or a sulfur protecting group.
  • R bb , and R cc are as defined herein.
  • Sulfur protecting groups are well known in the art and include those described in detail in Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis, T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, 3 rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1999, incorporated herein by reference.
  • a sulfur protecting group is acetamidomethyl, t-Bu, 3-nitro-2-pyridine sulfenyl, 2-pyridine-sulfenyl, or triphenylmethyl.
  • a “counterion” or “anionic counterion” is a negatively charged group associated with a positively charged group in order to maintain electronic neutrality.
  • An anionic counterion may be monovalent (e.g., including one formal negative charge).
  • An anionic counterion may also be multivalent (e.g., including more than one formal negative charge), such as divalent or tri valent.
  • Exemplary counterions include halide ions e.g., F ", CP, Br , I”), NO 3 , CIO4 , OH , H2 O4 . HCO 3 “, HSO4 .
  • sulfonate ions e.g., methansulf onate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, 10-camphor sulfonate, naphthalene-2- sulfonate, naphthalene-l-sulfonic acid-5-sulfonate, ethan-1 -sulfonic acid-2-sulfonate, and the like), carboxylate ions (e.g., acetate, propanoate, benzoate, glycerate, lactate, tartrate, glycolate, gluconate, and the like), BF 4 -, PF 4 -, PF 6 ", ASF 6 -, ShFe", B[3,5-(CF 3 ) 2 C6H 3 ] 4 ]-, B(C6F 5 )4", BPh 4 , A1(OC(CF 3 ) 3 ) 4
  • Exemplary counterions which may be multivalent include CO; 2- . HPCU 2- , PC>4 3 “ B4O7 2- . SO 4 2 -, SzOs 2- , carboxylate anions (e.g., tartrate, citrate, fumarate, maleate, malate, malonate, gluconate, succinate, glutarate, adipate, pimelate, suberate, azelate, sebacate, salicylate, phthalates, aspartate, glutamate, and the like), and carboranes.
  • carboxylate anions e.g., tartrate, citrate, fumarate, maleate, malate, malonate, gluconate, succinate, glutarate, adipate, pimelate, suberate, azelate, sebacate, salicylate, phthalates, aspartate, glutamate, and the like
  • carboranes e.g., tartrate, citrate, fumarate, maleate, malate, malonate,
  • salt refers to any and all salts and encompasses pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
  • Salts include ionic compounds that result from the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base.
  • a salt is composed of one or more cations (positively charged ions) and one or more anions (negative ions) so that the salt is electrically neutral (without a net charge).
  • Salts of the compounds of the present disclosure include those derived from inorganic and organic acids and bases.
  • acid addition salts are salts of an amino group formed with inorganic acids, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, and perchloric acid, or with organic acids, such as acetic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid, or malonic acid or by using other methods known in the art such as ion exchange.
  • inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, and perchloric acid
  • organic acids such as acetic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid, or malonic acid or by using other methods known in the art such as ion exchange.
  • salts include adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bisulfate, borate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, citrate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptonate, glycerophosphate, gluconate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonate, lactobionate, lactate, laurate, lauryl sulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, pectinate, persul
  • Salts derived from appropriate bases include alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and N3Ci . alkyl)4 salts.
  • Representative alkali or alkaline earth metal salts include sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like.
  • Further salts include ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations formed using counterions such as halide, hydroxide, carboxylate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, lower alkyl sulfonate, and aryl sulfonate.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salt refers to those salts which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response, and the like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are well known in the art. For example, Berge et al. describe pharmaceutically acceptable salts in detail in J. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1977, 66, 1-19, incorporated herein by reference.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of the present disclosure include those derived from suitable inorganic and organic acids and bases.
  • Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable, nontoxic acid addition salts are salts of an amino group formed with inorganic acids, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, and perchloric acid or with organic acids, such as acetic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid, or malonic acid or by using other methods known in the art such as ion exchange.
  • inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, and perchloric acid
  • organic acids such as acetic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid, or malonic acid or by using other methods known in the art such as ion exchange.
  • salts include adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bisulfate, borate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, citrate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptonate, glycerophosphate, gluconate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydroiodide, 2- hydroxy-ethanesulfonate, lactobionate, lactate, laurate, lauryl sulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, pectinate
  • Salts derived from appropriate bases include alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, and N + (CI-4 alkyl) ⁇ salts.
  • Representative alkali or alkaline earth metal salts include sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like.
  • Further pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, when appropriate, nontoxic ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations formed using counterions such as halide, hydroxide, carboxylate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, lower alkyl sulfonate, and aryl sulfonate.
  • enantiomers that are not mirror images of one another are termed “diastereomers” and those that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other are termed “enantiomers”.
  • An enantiomer can be characterized by the absolute configuration of its asymmetric center and is described by the R- and S-sequencing rules of Cahn and Prelog, or by the manner in which the molecule rotates the plane of polarized light and designated as dextrorotatory or levorotatory (i.e., as (+) or (-)-isomers respectively).
  • a chiral compound can exist as either individual enantiomer or as a mixture thereof. A mixture containing equal proportions of the enantiomers is called a “racemic mixture.”
  • tautomers or “tautomeric” refers to two or more interconvertible compounds resulting from at least one formal migration of a hydrogen atom and at least one change in valency (e.g., a single bond to a double bond, a triple bond to a single bond, or vice versa).
  • the exact ratio of the tautomers depends on several factors, including temperature, solvent, and pH. Tautomerizations (i.e., the reaction providing a tautomeric pair) may catalyzed by acid or base.
  • Exemplary tautomerizations include keto-to-enol, amide-to-imide, lactam-to-lactim, enamine-to-imine, and enamine-to-(a different enamine) tautomerizations.
  • solvate refers to forms of the compound, or a salt thereof, that are associated with a solvent, usually by a solvolysis reaction. This physical association may include hydrogen bonding.
  • solvents include water, methanol, ethanol, acetic acid, DMSO, THF, diethyl ether, and the like.
  • the compounds described herein may be prepared, e.g., in crystalline form, and may be solvated. Suitable solvates include pharmaceutically acceptable solvates and further include both stoichiometric solvates and non- stoichiometric solvates.
  • the solvate will be capable of isolation, for example, when one or more solvent molecules are incorporated in the crystal lattice of a crystalline solid.
  • “Solvate” encompasses both solution-phase and isolatable solvates.
  • Representative solvates include hydrates, ethanolates, and methanolates.
  • hydrate refers to a compound that is associated with water. Typically, the number of the water molecules contained in a hydrate of a compound is in a definite ratio to the number of the compound molecules in the hydrate. Therefore, a hydrate of a compound may be represented, for example, by the general formula R x H2O, wherein R is the compound, and x is a number greater than 0.
  • a given compound may form more than one type of hydrate, including, e.g., monohydrates (x is 1), lower hydrates (x is a number greater than 0 and smaller than 1, e.g., hemihydrates (R 0.5 H2O)), and polyhydrates (x is a number greater than 1, e.g., dihydrates (R-2 H2O) and hexahydrates (R-6 H2O)).
  • monohydrates x is 1
  • lower hydrates x is a number greater than 0 and smaller than 1, e.g., hemihydrates (R 0.5 H2O)
  • polyhydrates x is a number greater than 1, e.g., dihydrates (R-2 H2O) and hexahydrates (R-6 H2O)
  • polymorph refers to a crystalline form of a compound (or a salt, hydrate, or solvate thereof). All polymorphs have the same elemental composition. Different crystalline forms usually have different X-ray diffraction patterns, infrared spectra, melting points, density, hardness, crystal shape, optical and electrical properties, stability, and solubility. Recrystallization solvent, rate of crystallization, storage temperature, and other factors may cause one crystal form to dominate. Various polymorphs of a compound can be prepared by crystallization under different conditions.
  • crystalline refers to a solid form substantially exhibiting three- dimensional order.
  • a crystalline form of a solid is a solid form that is substantially not amorphous.
  • the X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern of a crystalline form includes one or more sharply defined peaks.
  • amorphous refers to a form of a solid (“solid form”), the form substantially lacking three-dimensional order.
  • an amorphous form of a solid is a solid form that is substantially not crystalline.
  • the X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern of an amorphous form includes a wide scattering band with a peak at 20 of, e.g., between 20 and 70°, inclusive, using CuXa radiation.
  • the XRPD pattern of an amorphous form further includes one or more peaks attributed to crystalline structures.
  • the maximum intensity of any one of the one or more peaks attributed to crystalline structures observed at a 20 of between 20 and 70°, inclusive is not more than 300-fold, not more than 100-fold, not more than 30-fold, not more than 10-fold, or not more than 3-fold of the maximum intensity of the wide scattering band.
  • the XRPD pattern of an amorphous form includes no peaks attributed to crystalline structures.
  • co-crystal refers to a crystalline structure comprising at least two different components (e.g., a compound disclosed herein and an acid), wherein each of the components is independently an atom, ion, or molecule. In certain embodiments, none of the components is a solvent. In certain embodiments, at least one of the components is a solvent.
  • a co-crystal of a compound disclosed herein and an acid is different from a salt formed from a compound disclosed herein and the acid. In the salt, a compound disclosed herein is complexed with the acid in a way that proton transfer e.g., a complete proton transfer) from the acid to a compound disclosed herein easily occurs at room temperature.
  • a compound disclosed herein is complexed with the acid in a way that proton transfer from the acid to a compound disclosed herein does not easily occur at room temperature.
  • Co-crystals may be useful to improve the properties (e.g., solubility, stability, and ease of formulation) of a compound disclosed herein.
  • prodrugs refers to compounds that have cleavable groups and become by solvolysis or under physiological conditions the compounds described herein, which are pharmaceutically active in vivo. Such examples include, but are not limited to, choline ester derivatives and the like, /V-alkylmorpholinc esters and the like. Other derivatives of the compounds described herein have activity in both their acid and acid derivative forms, but in the acid sensitive form often offer advantages of solubility, tissue compatibility, or delayed release in the mammalian organism (see, e.g., Bundgard, H., Design of Prodrugs, pp. 7-9, 21-24, Elsevier, Amsterdam 1985).
  • Prodrugs include acid derivatives such as, for example, esters prepared by reaction of the parent acid with a suitable alcohol, or amides prepared by reaction of the parent acid compound with a substituted or unsubstituted amine, or acid anhydrides, or mixed anhydrides.
  • Simple aliphatic or aromatic esters, amides, and anhydrides derived from acidic groups pendant on the compounds described herein are particular prodrugs.
  • double ester-type prodrugs such as (acyloxy)alkyl esters or ((alkoxycarbonyl)oxy)alkylesters.
  • Aliphatic or aromatic (e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, or arylalkyl) esters of the compounds described herein may be preferred.
  • references to “the compound” and “a compound” provided herein are intended to encompass the compound or group of compounds, and also pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, tautomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, co-crystals, and prodrugs thereof as described herein.
  • composition and “formulation” are used interchangeably.
  • a “subject” to which administration is contemplated refers to a human (i.e., male or female of any age group, e.g., pediatric subject e.g., infant, child, or adolescent) or adult subject (e.g., young adult, middle-aged adult, or senior adult)) or non-human animal.
  • the non-human animal is a mammal (e.g., primate (e.g., cynomolgus monkey or rhesus monkey), commercially relevant mammal (e.g., cattle, pig, horse, sheep, goat, cat, or dog), or bird (e.g., commercially relevant bird, such as chicken, duck, goose, or turkey)).
  • primate e.g., cynomolgus monkey or rhesus monkey
  • commercially relevant mammal e.g., cattle, pig, horse, sheep, goat, cat, or dog
  • bird e.g., commercially relevant bird, such as
  • the non-human animal is a fish, reptile, or amphibian.
  • the non-human animal may be a male or female at any stage of development.
  • the non-human animal may be a transgenic animal or genetically engineered animal.
  • patient refers to a human subject in need of treatment of a disease.
  • tissue sample refers to any sample including tissue samples (such as tissue sections and needle biopsies of a tissue); cell samples (e.g., cytological smears (such as Pap or blood smears) or samples of cells obtained by microdissection); samples of whole organisms (such as samples of yeasts or bacteria); or cell fractions, fragments or organelles (such as obtained by lysing cells and separating the components thereof by centrifugation or otherwise).
  • tissue samples such as tissue sections and needle biopsies of a tissue
  • cell samples e.g., cytological smears (such as Pap or blood smears) or samples of cells obtained by microdissection) or samples of cells obtained by microdissection
  • samples of whole organisms such as samples of yeasts or bacteria
  • cell fractions, fragments or organelles such as obtained by lysing cells and separating the components thereof by centrifugation or otherwise.
  • biological samples include blood, serum, urine, semen, fecal matter, cerebrospinal fluid, interstitial fluid, mucous, tears, sweat, pus, biopsied tissue (e.g., obtained by a surgical biopsy or needle biopsy), nipple aspirates, milk, vaginal fluid, saliva, swabs (such as buccal swabs), or any material containing biomolecules that is derived from a first biological sample.
  • administer refers to implanting, absorbing, ingesting, injecting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing a compound described herein, or a composition thereof, in or on a subject.
  • treatment refers to reversing, alleviating, delaying the onset of, or inhibiting the progress of a disease described herein.
  • treatment may be administered after one or more signs or symptoms of the disease have developed or have been observed.
  • treatment may be administered in the absence of signs or symptoms of the disease.
  • treatment may be administered to a susceptible subject prior to the onset of symptoms (e.g., in light of a history of symptoms and/or in light of exposure to a pathogen). Treatment may also be continued after symptoms have resolved, for example, to delay or prevent recurrence.
  • prevent refers to a prophylactic treatment of a subject who is not and was not with a disease but is at risk of developing the disease or who was with a disease, is not with the disease, but is at risk of regression of the disease.
  • the subject is at a higher risk of developing the disease or at a higher risk of regression of the disease than an average healthy member of a population.
  • an “effective amount” of a compound described herein refers to an amount sufficient to elicit the desired biological response.
  • An effective amount of a compound described herein may vary depending on such factors as the desired biological endpoint, severity of side effects, disease, or disorder, the identity, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the particular compound, the condition being treated, the mode, route, and desired or required frequency of administration, the species, age and health or general condition of the subject.
  • an effective amount is a therapeutically effective amount.
  • an effective amount is a prophylactic treatment.
  • an effective amount is the amount of a compound described herein in a single dose.
  • an effective amount is the combined amounts of a compound described herein in multiple doses.
  • a “therapeutically effective amount” of a compound described herein is an amount sufficient to provide a therapeutic benefit in the treatment of a condition or to delay or minimize one or more symptoms associated with the condition.
  • a therapeutically effective amount of a compound means an amount of therapeutic agent, alone or in combination with other therapies, which provides a therapeutic benefit in the treatment of the condition.
  • the term “therapeutically effective amount” can encompass an amount that improves overall therapy, reduces or avoids symptoms, signs, or causes of the condition, and/or enhances the therapeutic efficacy of another therapeutic agent.
  • a therapeutically effective amount is an amount sufficient for degrading a GRK2 protein in a subject.
  • a therapeutically effective amount is an amount sufficient for degrading a GRK3 protein in a subject. In certain embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount is an amount sufficient for treating a proliferative disease (e.g., cancer) in a subject. In certain embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount is an amount sufficient for treating a cardiovascular disease in a subject. In certain embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount is an amount sufficient for treating a GRK2 -related disease in a subject. In certain embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount is an amount sufficient for treating a GRK3-related disease in a subject.
  • a “prophylactically effective amount” of a compound described herein is an amount sufficient to prevent a condition, or one or more symptoms associated with the condition or prevent its recurrence.
  • a prophylactically effective amount of a compound means an amount of a therapeutic agent, alone or in combination with other agents, which provides a prophylactic benefit in the prevention of the condition.
  • the term “prophylactically effective amount” can encompass an amount that improves overall prophylaxis or enhances the prophylactic efficacy of another prophylactic agent.
  • a prophylactically effective amount is an amount sufficient for degrading a GRK2 protein in a subject.
  • a prophylactically effective amount is an amount sufficient for degrading a GRK3 protein in a subject. In certain embodiments, a prophylactically effective amount is an amount sufficient for preventing a proliferative disease (e.g., cancer) in a subject. In certain embodiments, a prophylactically effective amount is an amount sufficient for preventing a cardiovascular disease in a subject. In certain embodiments, a prophylactically effective amount is an amount sufficient for preventing a GRK2 -related disease in a subject. In certain embodiments, a prophylactically effective amount is an amount sufficient for preventing a GRK3-related disease in a subject.
  • GRK2 refers to G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 and belongs to the G- protein-coupled receptor kinase subfamily of the Ser/Thr protein kinases. GRK2 is encoded by the ADRBK1 gene, the nucleic acid sequence of which is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, below:
  • GRK2 -related disorders can be identified by assessing a cell or a biopsy of a tissue sample for GRK2 expression and comparing it to GRK2 expression in a reference cell or tissue sample.
  • GRK3 refers to G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 3 and belongs to the G- protein-coupled receptor kinase subfamily of the Ser/Thr protein kinases. Human GRK3 is encoded by the ADRBK2 gene.
  • GRK3 also refers to natural variants of the wild-type GRK3 protein, such as proteins having at least 85% identity (e.g., 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.9% identity, or more) to the amino acid sequence of wild-type human GRK3, which is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, below:
  • MADLEAVLADVSYLMAMEKSKATPAARASKRIVLPEP S IRSVMQKYLAERNE I TFDKIFN QKIGFLLFKDFCLNE INEAVPQVKFYEE IKEYEKLDNEEDRLCRSRQIYDAYIMKELLSC SHPFSKQAVEHVQSHLSKKQVTSTLFQPYIEE ICESLRGD IFQKFMESDKFTRFCQWKNV ELNIHLTMNEFSVHRI IGRGGFGEVYGCRKADTGKMYAMKCLDKKRIKMKQGETLALNER IMLSLVSTGDCPF IVCMTYAFHTPDKLCF ILDLMNGGDLHYHLSQHGVFSEKEMRFYATE I ILGLEHMHNRFWYRDLKPANILLDEHGHARI SDLGLACDFSKKKPHASVGTHGYMAPE VLQKGTAYDS SADWFSLGCMLFKLLRGHSPFRQHKTKDKHE IDRMTLTVNVELPDTFSPE LKSLLEGLLQ
  • GRK3-related disease refers to a diseases or condition that is associated with cells that express or overexpress GRK3 (e.g., cancer cells that express or overexpress GRK3 compared to a reference).
  • a GRK3-related disease is a disease or condition associated with aberrant (e.g., increased) activity of GRK3 in a subject.
  • GRK3-related disorders can be identified by assessing a cell or a biopsy of a tissue sample for GRK3 expression and comparing it to GRK3 expression in a reference cell or tissue sample.
  • degrading or “degrading” in the context of protein, for example, in the context of GRK2 or GRK3, refers to metabolizing or breaking down said protein.
  • degrading a protein e.g., GRK2, GRK3 leads to decreased level of the protein in a subject or cell.
  • degrading a protein e.g., GRK2, GRK3 leads to decreased level of activity of the protein (e.g., GRK2 activity, GRK3 activity) or a downstream effect, e.g., relative to a baseline or control level of enzyme activity.
  • the term “degrader” refers to a small molecule compound including a degradation moiety, wherein the compound interacts with a protein (e.g., GRK2, GRK3) in a way that results in partial or complete degradation of the protein in a cell or subject.
  • the term “degradation moiety” refers to a moiety whose binding results in partial or complete degradation of a protein e.g., GRK2, GRK3).
  • the degradation moiety binds to a protease or a ubiquitin ligase (i.e., E3 ubiquitin ligase) that metabolizes the protein (e.g., GRK2, GRK3).
  • the term “inhibit,” “inhibition,” or “inhibiting” in the context of enzymes refers to a reduction in the activity of the enzyme or a downstream effect.
  • the term refers to a reduction of the level of enzyme activity (e.g., GRK2 activity, GRK3 activity) to a level that is statistically significantly lower than an initial level, which may, for example, be a baseline or control level of enzyme activity.
  • the term refers to a reduction of the level of enzyme activity (e.g., GRK2 activity, GRK3 activity) to a level that is less than 75%, less than 50%, less than 40%, less than 30%, less than 25%, less than 20%, less than 10%, less than 9%, less than 8%, less than 7%, less than 6%, less than 5%, less than 4%, less than 3%, less than 2%, less than 1%, less than 0.5%, less than 0.1%, less than 0.01%, less than 0.001%, or less than 0.0001% of an initial level, which may, for example, be a baseline level of enzyme activity.
  • GRK2 activity e.g., GRK2 activity, GRK3 activity
  • level means a level of a protein, or mRNA encoding the protein, as compared to a reference.
  • the reference can be any useful reference, as defined herein.
  • a “decreased level” or an “increased level” of a protein is meant a decrease or increase in protein level, as compared to a reference (e.g., a decrease or an increase by about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, about 95%, about 100%, about 150%, about 200%, about 300%, about 400%, about 500%, or more; a decrease or an increase of more than about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 50%, about 75%, about 100%, or about 200%, as compared to a reference; a decrease or an increase by less than about 0.01-fold, about 0.02
  • a compound described herein is a “selective” degrader and/or inhibitor that degrades and/or inhibits one or more enzymes to a greater extent than over other enzymes.
  • the compounds provided herein are selective GRK2 degraders, i.e., that selectively degrade GRK2 over other proteins (e.g., over other protein kinases, e.g., over other GRK family member proteins).
  • the compounds provided herein are selective GRK3 degraders, i.e., that selectively degrade GRK3 over other proteins (e.g., over other protein kinases, e.g., over other GRK family member proteins).
  • the selectivity is at least 2-fold, at least 3-fold, at least 5-fold, at least 10- fold, at least 30-fold, at least 50-fold, at least 100-fold, at least 300-fold, at least 500-fold, at least 1,000-fold, at least 3,000-fold, at least 5,000-fold, at least 10,000-fold, at least 30,000-fold, at least 50,000-fold, or at least 100,000-fold.
  • the selectivity is not more than 100,000-fold, not more than 10,000- fold, not more than 1,000-fold, not more than 100-fold, not more than 10-fold, or not more than 2-fold. Combinations of the above-referenced ranges (e.g., at least 2-fold and not more than 10,000-fold) are also within the scope of the disclosure.
  • the selectivity of a compound described herein in inhibiting the activity of GRK2 over a different protein may be measured by the quotient of the IC50 value of the compound in inhibiting the activity of the different protein over the IC50 value of the compound in inhibiting the activity of GRK2.
  • the selectivity of a compound described herein for GRK2 over a different protein may also be measured by the quotient of the / value of an adduct of the compound and the different protein over the / value of an adduct of the compound and GRK2.
  • reference is meant any useful reference used to compare protein or mRNA levels.
  • the reference can be any sample, standard, standard curve, or level that is used for comparison purposes.
  • the reference can be a normal reference sample or a reference standard or level.
  • a “reference sample” can be, for example, a control, e.g., a predetermined negative control value such as a “normal control” or a prior sample taken from the same subject; a sample from a normal healthy subject, such as a normal cell or normal tissue; a sample (e.g., a cell or tissue) from a subject not having a disease; a sample from a subject that is diagnosed with a disease, but not yet treated with a compound described herein; a sample from a subject that has been treated by a compound described herein; or a sample of a purified protein (e.g., any described herein) at a known normal concentration.
  • reference standard or level is meant a value or number derived from a reference sample.
  • a “normal control value” is a pre-determined value indicative of non-disease state, e.g., a value expected in a healthy control subject. Typically, a normal control value is expressed as a range (“between X and Y”), a high threshold (“no higher than X”), or a low threshold (“no lower than X”). A subject having a measured value within the normal control value for a particular biomarker is typically referred to as “within normal limits” for that biomarker.
  • a normal reference standard or level can be a value or number derived from a normal subject not having a disease or disorder (e.g., cancer); a subject that has been treated with a compound described herein.
  • the reference sample, standard, or level is matched to the sample subject sample by at least one of the following criteria: age, weight, sex, disease stage, and overall health.
  • a standard curve of levels of a purified protein, e.g. , any described herein, within the normal reference range can also be used as a reference.
  • determining the level of a protein is meant the detection of a protein, or an mRNA encoding the protein, by methods known in the art either directly or indirectly.
  • Directly determining means performing a process (e.g., performing an assay or test on a sample or “analyzing a sample” as that term is defined herein) to obtain the physical entity or value.
  • Indirectly determining refers to receiving the physical entity or value from another party or source (e.g., a third-party laboratory that directly acquired the physical entity or value).
  • Methods to measure protein level generally include, but are not limited to, western blotting, immunoblotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), radioimmunoassay (RIA), immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, surface plasmon resonance, chemiluminescence, fluorescent polarization, phosphorescence, immunohistochemical analysis, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry, microcytometry, microscopy, fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), and flow cytometry, as well as assays based on a property of a protein including, but not limited to, enzymatic activity or interaction with other protein partners.
  • Methods to measure mRNA levels are known in the art.
  • degraders of GRK family member proteins e.g., GRK2, GRK3
  • compounds of any of the formulae herein e.g., Formula (I)
  • pharmaceutical compositions and kits comprising the same, and methods of using the same (e.g., for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases, e.g., cancer, in a subject).
  • the compounds provided herein comprise degradation moieties that can aid in the degradation of GRK family member proteins (e.g., GRK2, GRK3) in a cell and/or in a subject.
  • methods of preparing the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions described herein are also provided herein.
  • X 1 is CH, CR 9 , or N;
  • X 3 is -NR 1 - or -O-;
  • X 4 is -NR 8 - or -O-;
  • R 1 is hydrogen, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted Ce-io aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted Ci-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group;
  • R 2 and R 4 are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group; each instance of R 3 is independently halogen, -CN, -OR°, -N(R N )2, -SR S , optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 heteroalkyl, or optionally substituted Ci-6 acyl; each instance R 6 and R 9 is independently halogen, -CN, -OR°, -N(R N )2, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, or optionally substituted C1-6 acyl; optionally wherein R 1 and R 9 are joined together
  • R 8 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group; each instance of R° is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocycly
  • G 1 is CH, CR 15 , or N;
  • G 2 , G 3 , G 4 , and G 5 are each independently CH, CR 16 , or N; each instance of R 15 and R 16 is independently halogen, -OR°, -N(R N )2, -SR S , -CN, -NS, -NO2, -SCN, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted Cs s carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, optionally substituted sulfonyl, or optionally substituted sulfinyl;
  • L 1 is a linker selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C1-40 alkylene, optionally substituted C2-40 alkenylene, optionally substituted C2-40 alkynylene, optionally substituted C1-40 heteroalkylene, optionally substituted C2-40 heteroalkenylene, optionally substituted C2-40 heteroalkynylene, optionally substituted C1-40 acylene, and any combination thereof, optionally interrupted with one or more instances of optionally substituted Cs s carbocyclylene, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclylene, optionally substituted C 10 arylene, or optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroarylene, or any combination thereof;
  • a compound of Formula (I) is of the formula: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof.
  • a compound of Formula (I) is of the formula: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, wherein p 0, 1, 2, or 3.
  • a compound of Formula (I) is of the formula: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof.
  • a compound of Formula (I) is of the formula: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof.
  • a compound of Formula (I) is of the formula: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof.
  • a compound of Formula (I) is of the formula: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, wherein p is 0, 1, 2, or 3.
  • a compound of Formula (I) is of the formula: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof.
  • a compound of Formula (I) is of the formula: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof.
  • a compound of Formula (I) is of the formula: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof.
  • a compound of Formula (I) is of the formula: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, wherein p is 0, 1, 2, or 3.
  • a compound of Formula (I) is of the formula: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof.
  • a compound of Formula (I) is selected from the compounds recited in Table A (infra), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, tautomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, co-crystals, and prodrugs thereof.
  • a compound of Formula (I) is selected from the compounds recited in Table A (infra), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
  • a compound of Formula (I) is selected from the compounds recited in Table A (infra).
  • the group Deg is a degradation moiety.
  • the degradation moiety is a ubiquitin ligase (i.e., E3 ubiquitin ligase) binding moiety.
  • the ubiquitin ligase binding moiety comprises a Cereblon ligand, an Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) ligand, a mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) ligand, or a von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) ligand.
  • IAP Inhibitor of Apoptosis
  • MDM2 mouse double minute 2 homolog
  • VHL von Hippel-Lindau
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET comprises a Cereblon ligand.
  • Deg comprises an Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) ligand.
  • Deg comprises a mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) ligand.
  • Deg comprises a von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) ligand.
  • degradation moieties can be found in, e.g., Sun et al., Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, vol. 4, no. 64 (2019); Paiva et al., Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, vol. 50 (2019), pp. 111- 119; Troup, et al., Exploration of Targeted Anti-Tumor Therapy, 2020, 1, 273-312; Zhou et al. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, vol. 203 (2020), 112539; Scheepstra et al., Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal, Vol. 17 (2019), pp. 160-176, the entire contents of each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • ubiquitin ligases targeted and recruited by degradation moieties can be found in, e.g., Kannt et al., Cell Chemical Biology, Vol. 28, Issue 7 (2021), pp. 1014-1031, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • Deg is a group of the formula: wherein:
  • Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 , and Q 4 are each independently CR A1 , CH, or N;
  • R 5 is hydrogen, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group; each instance of R A1 is independently halogen, -CN, -N3, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, -OR°, -N(R N ) 2 , or -SR s ;
  • Deg is a group of the formula: wherein s is 0, 1, 2, or 3.
  • Deg is a group of one of the following formulae: wherein:
  • R B2 and R B5 are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group; each instance of R B6 , R B7 , and R B8 is independently hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -N3, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted Ce-io aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted Ci-6 acyl, -OR°, -N(R N )2, or -SR s ;
  • R B3 is hydrogen, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted Cs s carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted Ce-io aryl, or optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl;
  • R B4 is hydrogen, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted Cs s carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted Ce-io aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted Ci-6 acyl, or an oxygen protecting group;
  • R B9 and R B1 ° are independently hydrogen or optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, or optionally R B9 and R B1 ° are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted Cs s carbocyclyl or optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl; each instance of R B11 is independently halogen or optionally substituted Ci-Ce alkyl; q is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; and v2 is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.
  • Deg is a group of the formula:
  • Deg is a group of the formula:
  • Deg is a group of the formula: wherein:
  • RCe, RCg, an RCh are eac h independently hydrogen, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group; optionally wherein R Cg and R ch are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl or optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl; each instance of R Ca and R Cb is independently halogen, -CN, -N3, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, -OR°, -N(R N ) 2 , or -
  • R Cd and R cf are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, or optionally substituted Ci 6 acyl; each instance of R Cc is independently halogen or optionally substituted Ci-Ce alkyl; y is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; and z is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7.
  • Deg is a group of the formula:
  • Deg is a group of the formula:
  • Deg is a group of the formula: X 1 and R 9
  • X 1 is CH, CR 9 , or N. In certain embodiments, X 1 is CH. In certain embodiments, X 1 is CR 9 . In certain embodiments, X 1 is N.
  • R 9 is halogen, -CN, -OR°, -N(R N )2, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, or optionally substituted C1-6 acyl.
  • R 9 is halogen, -CN, -OR°, -N(R N )2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or optionally substituted C1-6 acyl.
  • R 9 is halogen.
  • R 9 is -F.
  • R 9 is -OR° (e.g., -OC1-6 alkyl).
  • R 9 is -OMe.
  • R 1 and R 9 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 5-8 membered heterocyclyl. In certain embodiments, R 1 and R 9 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 7-membered heterocyclyl.
  • each instance of R 6 is independently halogen, -CN, -OR°, -N(R N )2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted Ce-io aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, or optionally substituted C1-6 acyl.
  • each instance of R 6 is independently halogen, -CN, -OR°, - N(R N ) 2 , optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or optionally substituted C1-6 acyl. In certain embodiments, each instance of R 6 is independently halogen, -OR°, or optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, each instance of R 6 is independently halogen or optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R 6 is halogen. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R 6 is -OR° (e.g., -OCi 6 alkyl). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R 6 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl.
  • At least one instance of R 6 is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, Ao-propyl, //-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl).
  • C1-6 alkyl e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, Ao-propyl, //-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl.
  • m is 0, 1, 2, or 3. In certain embodiments, m is 0. In certain embodiments, m is 1. In certain embodiments, m is 2. In certain embodiments, m is 3.
  • X 3 is -NR 1 - or -O-. In certain embodiments, X 3 is -NR 1 -. In certain embodiments, X 3 is -NH-. In certain embodiments, X 3 is -O-.
  • R 1 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group.
  • R 1 is hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl.
  • R 1 is hydrogen.
  • R 1 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl.
  • R 1 is C1-6 alkyl substituted with -OR°. In certain embodiments, R 1 is C1-6 alkyl substituted with -OH. In certain embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R 1 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, Ao-propyl, //-butyl, Ao-butyl, sec -butyl, tert-butyl, and . In certain embodiments, R 1 is methyl.
  • X 4 is -NR 8 - or -O-. In certain embodiments, X 4 is -NR 8 -. In certain embodiments, X 4 is -NH-. In certain embodiments, X 4 is -O-.
  • R 8 is hydrogen, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted Ce 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ce 10 aryl C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group.
  • R 8 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group. In certain embodiments, R 8 is hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R 8 is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R 8 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R 8 is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R 8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, //-propyl, /.w-propyl, //-butyl, iso-butyl, sec -butyl, tert-butyl, //-pentyl, //-hexyl.
  • at least one instance of R 7 is halogen.
  • c is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, as valency permits. In certain embodiments, c is 0. In certain embodiments, c is 1. In certain embodiments, c is 2. In certain embodiments, c is 3. In certain embodiments, c is 4. In certain embodiments, c is 5. In certain embodiments, c is 6. In certain embodiments, c is 7. In certain embodiments, c is 8. In certain embodiments, c is 9. In certain embodiments, c is 10.
  • a is 1 or 2. In certain embodiments, a is 1. In certain embodiments, a is 2.
  • b is 1 or 2. In certain embodiments, b is 1. In certain embodiments, b is 2.
  • a is 1; and b is 1. In certain embodiments, a is 1; and b is 2. In certain embodiments, a is 2; and b is 1. In certain embodiments, a is 2; and b is 2.
  • each instance of R 3 is independently halogen, -CN, -OR°, -N(R N )2, -SR S , optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 heteroalkyl, or optionally substituted Ci-6 acyl.
  • each instance of R 3 is independently halogen or optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl.
  • at least one instance of R 3 is halogen.
  • at least one instance of R 3 is -F.
  • at least one instance of R 3 is optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl.
  • At least one instance of R 3 is unsubstituted Ci-6 alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, z'so-propyl, //-butyl, isobutyl, sec -butyl, tert-butyl).
  • Ci-6 alkyl e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, z'so-propyl, //-butyl, isobutyl, sec -butyl, tert-butyl.
  • n 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. In certain embodiments, n is 0. In certain embodiments, n is 1. In certain embodiments, n is 2. In certain embodiments, n is 3. In certain embodiments, n is 4.
  • R 2 is hydrogen, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group.
  • R 2 is hydrogen.
  • R 2 is optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl.
  • R 2 is unsubstituted Ci-6 alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, //-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl).
  • R 2 is optionally substituted Ci-6 acyl.
  • R 2 is a nitrogen protecting group.
  • R 4 is hydrogen, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group. In certain embodiments, R 4 is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R 4 is optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R 4 is unsubstituted Ci-6 alkyl e.g., methyl, ethyl, //-propyl, isopropyl, //-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl). In certain embodiments, R 4 is optionally substituted Ci-6 acyl. In certain embodiments, R 4 is a nitrogen protecting group. R 13 , R 14 , andR 15
  • R 13 is hydrogen, halogen, -0R°, -N(R N )2, -SR S , -CN, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted Ce-io aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, or optionally substituted C1-6 acyl.
  • R 13 is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or optionally substituted C36 carbocyclyl.
  • R 13 is hydrogen, -CN, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclyl. In certain embodiments, R 13 is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R 13 is -CN. In certain embodiments, R 13 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R 13 is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, //-propyl, Ao-propyl, //-butyl, Ao-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl). In certain embodiments, R 13 is substituted C1-6 alkyl (e.g., C1-6 haloalkyl, e.g., -CF3).
  • C1-6 alkyl e.g., C1-6 haloalkyl, e.g., -CF3
  • R 13 is optionally substituted C36 carbocyclyl.
  • R 13 is unsubstituted C36 carbocyclyl (e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl).
  • R 13 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -CN, methyl, ethyl, //-propyl, Ao-propyl, //-butyl, Ao-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, -
  • R 13 is methyl
  • R 14 is hydrogen, halogen, -OR°, -N(R N )2, -SR S , -CN, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted Ce-io aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, or optionally substituted C1-6 acyl.
  • R 14 is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or optionally substituted C36 carbocyclyl.
  • R 14 is hydrogen, -CN, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclyl. In certain embodiments, R 14 is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R 14 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R 14 is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, //-propyl, Ao-propyl, //-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl).
  • R 14 is hydrogen; and R 13 is hydrogen, -CN, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclyl. In certain embodiments, R 14 is hydrogen; and R 13 is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R 14 is hydrogen; and R 13 is -CN. In certain embodiments, R 14 is hydrogen; and R 13 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R 14 is hydrogen; and R 13 is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R 14 is hydrogen; and R 13 is unsubstituted C1-3 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R 14 is hydrogen; and R 13 is methyl.
  • R 14 is hydrogen; and R 13 is optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclyl. In certain embodiments, R 14 is hydrogen; and R 13 is unsubstituted C3-6 carbocyclyl. In certain embodiments, R 14 is hydrogen; and R 13 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -CN, methyl, ethyl,
  • R 15 is halogen, -0R°, -N(R N )2, -SR S , -CN, -N3, -NO2, -SCN, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, optionally substituted sulfonyl, or optionally substituted sulfinyl.
  • R 15 is halogen, - OR°, -N(R N ) 2 , -SR S , -CN, -N3, -NO2, -SCN, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or optionally substituted C1-6 acyl.
  • R 15 is halogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, -OR°, or -N(R N )2.
  • R 15 is halogen ⁇ e.g., -F, -Br, -Cl, -I).
  • R 15 is -F.
  • R 15 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl.
  • R 15 is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl ⁇ e.g., methyl, ethyl, //-propyl, /'.w-pr pyl, //-butyl, Ao-butyl, sec -butyl, tert-butyl).
  • R 15 is substituted C1-6 alkyl ⁇ e.g., C1-6 haloalkyl, e.g., -CF3).
  • R 15 is C1-6 haloalkyl.
  • R 15 is C1-3 haloalkyl.
  • R 15 is trihalomethyl.
  • R 15 is -CF3.
  • R 15 is -OR° ⁇ e.g., -OCi 6 alkyl, e.g., -OMe). In certain embodiments, R 15 is -O-Ci 6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R 15 is -O-C1-3 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R 15 is -OMe. In certain embodiments, R 15 is -N(R N )2 ⁇ e.g., -N(CI-6 alkyl)2, e.g., -NMe2).
  • R 13 and R 15 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted C4-8 carbocyclyl or optionally substituted 4-8 membered heterocyclyl. In certain embodiments, R 13 and R 15 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted C4-8 carbocyclyl. In certain embodiments, R 13 and R 15 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 4-8 membered heterocyclyl. In certain embodiments, R 13 and R 15 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted Cs s carbocyclyl or optionally substituted 5-8 membered heterocyclyl.
  • R 13 and R 15 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted C5-8 carbocyclyl. In certain embodiments, R 13 and R 15 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 5-8 membered heterocyclyl.
  • R 13 and R 15 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 5-7 membered heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, R 13 and R 15 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 5-7 membered heterocyclyl comprising 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from O, N, and S. In some embodiments, R 13 and R 15 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 5-7 membered heterocyclyl comprising 1 heteroatom selected from O, N, and S. In some embodiments, R 13 and R 15 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 5-7 membered heterocyclyl comprising 1 O atom.
  • R 13 and R 15 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 6-membered heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, R 13 and R 15 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 6-membered heterocyclyl comprising 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from O, N, and S. In some embodiments, R 13 and R 15 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 6- membered heterocyclyl comprising 1 heteroatom selected from O, N, and S. In some embodiments, R 13 and R 15 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 6-membered heterocyclyl comprising 1 O atom.
  • R 13 and R 15 are joined together to form: certain embodiments,
  • R 13 and R 15 are joined together to form: certain embodiments, R 13 and R 15 are joined
  • R 13 and R 15 are joined together to form: certain embodiments, R 13 and R 15 are joined together to form: embodiments, R 13 and R 15 are joined together to form: certain embodiments, R 13 and R 15 are
  • R 13 and R 15 are joined together to form: certain embodiments, R 13 and R 15 are joined together to form: certain embodiments, R 13 and R 15 are joined together to form: certain embodiments, R 13 and R 15 are joined together to form: certain embodiments, R 13 and R 15 are joined together to form: certain embodiments, R 13 and R 15 are joined together to form:
  • Y 3 is -O-, -NR N -, or -S-. In certain embodiments, Y 3 is -O-. In certain embodiments, Y 3 is -NR N - In certain embodiments, Y 3 is -NH-. In certain embodiments, Y 3 is -S-.
  • d is 0, 1, or 2. In certain embodiments, d is 0. In certain embodiments, d is 1. In certain embodiments, d is 2.
  • each instance of R 17 is independently halogen or optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl.
  • at least one instance of R 17 is optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl.
  • At least one instance of R 17 is unsubstituted Ci-6 alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, Ao-propyl, //-butyl, Ao-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R 17 is methyl. In certain embodiments, two R 17 on the same carbon atom are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted Cs s carbocyclyl. In certain embodiments, two R 17 on the same carbon atom are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted C5-7 carbocyclyl.
  • two R 17 on the same carbon atom are joined together with the intervening atoms to form unsubstituted C5-7 carbocyclyl.
  • two R 17 on the same carbon atom are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl comprising 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from O, N, and S.
  • two R 17 on the same carbon atom are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 5-7 membered heterocyclyl comprising 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from O, N, and S.
  • two R 17 on the same carbon atom are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 5-7 membered heterocyclyl comprising 1 heteroatom selected from O and N.
  • two R 17 on the same carbon atom are joined together with the intervening atoms to form unsubstituted 5-7 membered heterocyclyl comprising 1 heteroatom selected from O and N.
  • e is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7, as valency permits. In certain embodiments, e is 0. In certain embodiments, e is 1. In certain embodiments, e is 2. In certain embodiments, e is 3. In certain embodiments, e is 4. In certain embodiments, e is 5. In certain embodiments, e is 6. In certain embodiments, e is 7.
  • G 1 is CH, CR 15 , or N. In some embodiments, G 1 is CR 15 . In some embodiments, G 1 is CH. In some embodiments, G 1 is N.
  • G 2 is CH, CR 16 , or N. In some embodiments, G 2 is CR 16 . In some embodiments, G 2 is CH. In some embodiments, G 2 is N.
  • G 3 is CH, CR 16 , or N. In some embodiments, G 3 is CR 16 . In some embodiments, G 3 is CH. In some embodiments, G 3 is N.
  • G 4 is CH, CR 16 , or N. In some embodiments, G 4 is CR 16 . In some embodiments, G 4 is CH. In some embodiments, G 4 is N.
  • G 5 is CH, CR 16 , or N. In some embodiments, G 5 is CR 16 . In some embodiments, G 5 is CH. In some embodiments, G 5 is N.
  • each instance of R 16 is independently halogen, -OR°, -N(R N )2, -SR S , -CN, -NS, - NO2, -SCN, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2 6 alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted Cs s carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted Ce-io aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, optionally substituted sulfonyl, or optionally substituted sulfinyl.
  • each instance of R 16 is independently halogen, -OR°, -N(R N )2, -SR S , -CN, -Ns, -NO2, -SCN, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or optionally substituted C1-6 acyl.
  • each instance of R 16 is independently halogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, -OR°, or -N(R N )2.
  • at least one instance of R 16 is halogen (e.g., -F, -Br, -Cl, -I).
  • at least one instance of R 16 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl.
  • At least one instance of R 16 is unsubstituted Ci- 6 alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, zso-propyl, //-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl).
  • at least one instance of R 16 is substituted Ci-6 alkyl (e.g., Ci-6 haloalkyl, e.g., -CF3).
  • at least one instance of R 16 is -OR° (e.g., -OCi 6 alkyl, e.g., -OMe).
  • at least one instance of R 16 is -N(R N )z (e.g., -N(CI-6 alkyl)2, e.g., -NMez).
  • p is 0, 1, 2, or 3. In certain embodiments, p is 0. In certain embodiments, p is 1. In certain embodiments, p is 2. In certain embodiments, p is 3.
  • L 1 is a linker selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C1-40 alkylene, optionally substituted C2-40 alkenylene, optionally substituted C2-40 alkynylene, optionally substituted Ci-40 heteroalkylene, optionally substituted C2-40 heteroalkenylene, optionally substituted C2-40 heteroalkynylene, optionally substituted C1-40 acylene, and any combination thereof, optionally interrupted with one or more instances of optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclylene, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclylene, optionally substituted Ce-io arylene, or optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroarylene, or any combination thereof.
  • L 1 is optionally substituted C1-40 alkylene or optionally substituted C1-40 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, L 1 is optionally substituted C1-40 alkylene. In certain embodiments, L 1 is optionally substituted C1-40 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, L 1 is optionally substituted C1-30 alkylene or optionally substituted C1-30 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, L 1 is optionally substituted Ci- 30 alkylene. In certain embodiments, L 1 is optionally substituted C1-30 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, L 1 is optionally substituted C1-20 alkylene or optionally substituted C1-20 heteroalkylene.
  • L 1 is unsubstituted C1-40 alkylene. In certain embodiments, L 1 is unsubstituted Ci-40 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, L 1 is unsubstituted C1-30 alkylene. In certain embodiments, L 1 is unsubstituted C1-30 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, L 1 is unsubstituted C1-20 alkylene. In certain embodiments, L 1 is unsubstituted C1-20 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, the heteroalkylene of L 1 comprises one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) heteroatoms independently selected from O and N.
  • the heteroalkylene of L 1 comprises one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) groups independently selected from -O- and -NH-.
  • L 1 is of one of the following formulae:
  • L 1 is of one of the following formulae: [178]
  • the alkylene or heteroalkylene of L 1 is interrupted with at least one instance of optionally substituted triazolylene. In certain embodiments, the alkylene or heteroalkylene of L 1 is interrupted
  • L 1 is of one of the following formulae:
  • L 1 is of one of the following formulae:
  • L 2 is a linker selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C1-40 alkylene, optionally substituted C2-40 alkenylene, optionally substituted C2-40 alkynylene, optionally substituted Ci-40 heteroalkylene, optionally substituted C2-40 heteroalkenylene, optionally substituted C2-40 heteroalkynylene, optionally substituted C1-40 acylene, and any combination thereof, optionally interrupted with one or more instances of optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclylene, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclylene, optionally substituted C 10 arylene, or optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroarylene, or any combination thereof.
  • L 2 is optionally substituted C1-40 alkylene or optionally substituted C1-40 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, L 2 is optionally substituted C1-40 alkylene. In certain embodiments, L 2 is optionally substituted C1-40 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, L 2 is optionally substituted C1-30 alkylene or optionally substituted C1-30 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, L 2 is optionally substituted Ci- 30 alkylene. In certain embodiments, L 2 is optionally substituted C1-30 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, L 2 is optionally substituted C1-20 alkylene or optionally substituted C1-20 heteroalkylene.
  • L 2 is unsubstituted C1-40 alkylene. In certain embodiments, L 2 is unsubstituted Ci-40 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, L 2 is unsubstituted C1-30 alkylene. In certain embodiments, L 2 is unsubstituted C1-30 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, L 2 is unsubstituted C1-20 alkylene. In certain embodiments, L 2 is unsubstituted C1-20 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, the heteroalkylene of L 2 comprises one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) heteroatoms independently selected from O and N. In certain embodiments, the heteroalkylene of L 2 comprises one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) groups independently selected from -O- and -NH-.
  • L 2 is of one of the following formulae:
  • L 2 is of one of the following formulae:
  • the alkylene or heteroalkylene of L 2 is interrupted with at least one instance of optionally substituted triazolylene. In certain embodiments, the alkylene or heteroalkylene of L 2 is interrupted with at least one instance of:
  • L 2 is of one of the following formulae:
  • Z 1 is a bond.
  • Z 1 is - O-.
  • Z 1 is -NR N -
  • Z 1 is -NH-.
  • Z 1 is -S-.
  • Z 1 is optionally substituted -CH2-.
  • Z 1 is optionally substituted heterocyclylene.
  • Z 2 is a bond.
  • Z 2 is - O-.
  • Z 2 is -NR N -.
  • Z 2 is -NH-.
  • Z 2 is -NH- or -O-.
  • Z 2 is -S-.
  • Z 2 is optionally substituted -CH2-.
  • Z 2 is optionally substituted heterocyclylene. In certain embodiments, Z 2 is optionally substituted 5-6 membered heterocyclylene. In certain embodiments, Z 2 is optionally substituted 5-6 membered heterocyclylene comprising 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O, N, and S. In certain embodiments, Z 2 is optionally substituted 5-6 membered heterocyclylene comprising 2 N atoms. In certain embodiments, Z 2 is unsubstituted 5-6 membered heterocyclylene comprising 2 N atoms. In certain embodiments, Z 2 is optionally substituted 6-membered heterocyclylene.
  • Z 2 is optionally substituted 6-membered heterocyclylene comprising 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O, N, and S. In certain embodiments, Z 2 is optionally substituted 6- membered heterocyclylene comprising 2 N atoms. In certain embodiments, Z 2 is unsubstituted 6-membered heterocyclylene comprising 2 N atoms. In certain embodiments, Z 2 is of the formula:
  • the group -Z'-L'-Z 2 - is of one of the following formulae: [192] In certain embodiments, the group -Z'-L'-Z 2 - is of one of the following formulae: R°, R N , and R s
  • each instance of R° is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted Ce-io aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or an oxygen protecting group.
  • each instance of R° is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or an oxygen protecting group.
  • at least one instance of R° is hydrogen.
  • At least one instance of R° is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R° is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R° is selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, Ao-propyl, //-butyl, secbutyl, iso-butyl, or tert-butyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R° is optionally substituted C1-6 acyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R° is an oxygen protecting group.
  • each instance of R N is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted Ce-io aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group, or two R N bonded to the same nitrogen atom are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl or optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl.
  • each instance of R N is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R N is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R N is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R N is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R N is selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, //-butyl, secbutyl, iso-butyl, or tert-butyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R N is optionally substituted C1-6 acyl.
  • R N is a nitrogen protecting group.
  • two R N bonded to the same nitrogen atom are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl or optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl.
  • two R N bonded to the same nitrogen atom are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl.
  • two R N bonded to the same nitrogen atom are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 5-7 membered heterocyclyl comprising 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from O, N, and S.
  • two R N bonded to the same nitrogen atom are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 5-7 membered heterocyclyl comprising 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O and N.
  • two R N bonded to the same nitrogen atom are joined together with the intervening atoms to form unsubstituted 5-7 membered heterocyclyl comprising 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O and N.
  • each instance of R s is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or a sulfur protecting group.
  • each instance of R s is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or a sulfur protecting group.
  • at least one instance of R s is hydrogen.
  • At least one instance of R s is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R s is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R s is selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, Ao-propyl, //-butyl, secbutyl, iso-butyl, or tert-butyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R s is optionally substituted C1-6 acyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R s is a sulfur protecting group.
  • Q 1 is CR A1 , CH, or N. In certain embodiments, Q 1 is CR A1 . In certain embodiments, Q 1 is CH. In certain embodiments, Q 1 is N.
  • Q 2 is CR A1 , CH, or N. In certain embodiments, Q 2 is CR A1 . In certain embodiments, Q 2 is CH. In certain embodiments, Q 2 is N.
  • Q 3 is CR A1 , CH, or N. In certain embodiments, Q 3 is CR A1 . In certain embodiments, Q 3 is CH. In certain embodiments, Q 3 is N.
  • Q 4 is CR A1 , CH, or N. In certain embodiments, Q 4 is CR A1 . In certain embodiments, Q 4 is CH. In certain embodiments, Q 4 is N.
  • Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 , and Q 4 are independently CR A1 or CH. In certain embodiments, Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 , and Q 4 are independently CR A1 . In certain embodiments, Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 , and Q 4 are CH.
  • each instance of R A1 is independently halogen, -CN, -N3, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted Ce-io aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, -OR°, -N(R N )2, or -SR s .
  • each instance of R A1 is independently halogen, -CN, -N3, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, -OR°, -N(R N )2, or -SR s .
  • at least one instance of R A1 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl.
  • at least one instance of R A1 is halogen.
  • at least one instance of R A1 is - F.
  • s is 0, 1, 2, or 3. In certain embodiments, s is 0. In certain embodiments, s is 1. In certain embodiments, s is 2. In certain embodiments, s is 3.
  • R A5 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group. In certain embodiments, R A5 is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R A5 is optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R A5 is optionally substituted Ci-6 acyl. In certain embodiments, R 5 is a nitrogen protecting group.
  • each instance of R A1 ° is independently halogen or optionally substituted Ci-Ce alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R A1 ° is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R A1 ° is halogen.
  • r is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. In certain embodiments, r is 0. In certain embodiments, r is 1. In certain embodiments, r is 2. In certain embodiments, r is 3. In certain embodiments, r is 4. In certain embodiments, r is 5.
  • R B2 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group. In certain embodiments, R B2 is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R B2 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R B2 is optionally substituted C1-6 acyl. In certain embodiments, R B2 is a nitrogen protecting group.
  • R B5 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group. In certain embodiments, R B5 is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R B5 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R B5 is optionally substituted C1-6 acyl. In certain embodiments, R B5 is a nitrogen protecting group.
  • each instance of R B6 is independently hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -N3, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted Ce-io aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, -OR°, -N(R N )2, or -SR s .
  • each instance of R B6 is independently halogen, -CN, -N3, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, - OR°, -N(R N ) 2 , or -SR s .
  • at least one instance of R B6 is hydrogen.
  • at least one instance of R B6 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl.
  • at least one instance of R B6 is halogen.
  • R B7 is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -N3, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted Ce-io aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, -OR°, -N(R N ) 2 , or -SR s .
  • R B7 is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -N3, -NO2, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 acyl, -OR°, -N(R N )2, or -SR s .
  • R B7 is hydrogen.
  • R B7 is halogen.
  • R B7 is optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl.
  • R B7 is unsubstituted Ci-6 alkyl.
  • R B7 is unsubstituted C1-3 alkyl.
  • R B7 is methyl.
  • R B8 is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -N3, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, -OR°, -N(R N ) 2 , or -SR s .
  • R B8 is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -N3, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, -OR°, -N(R N )2, or -SR s .
  • R B8 is hydrogen.
  • R B8 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl.
  • R B8 is halogen.
  • R B3 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, or optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl.
  • R B3 is hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl.
  • R B3 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl.
  • R B3 is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl.
  • R 3B is tert-butyl.
  • R B4 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or an oxygen protecting group.
  • R B4 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or an oxygen protecting group.
  • R B4 is hydrogen.
  • R B4 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl.
  • R B9 is hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R B9 is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R B9 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R B9 is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R B9 is unsubstituted C1-3 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R B9 is methyl.
  • R B1 ° is hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R B1 ° is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R B1 ° is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl.
  • R B9 and R B1 ° are hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R B9 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl; and R B1 ° is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R B9 is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl; and R B1 ° is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R B9 is unsubstituted C1-3 alkyl; and R B1 ° is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R B9 is methyl; and R B1 ° is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R B9 and R B1 ° are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl or optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl.
  • each instance of R B11 is independently halogen or optionally substituted Ci-Ce alkyl. In certain embodiments, R B11 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R B11 is halogen.
  • q is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. In certain embodiments, q is 0. In certain embodiments, q is 1. In certain embodiments, q is 2. In certain embodiments, q is 3. In certain embodiments, q is 4. In certain embodiments, q is 5.
  • v2 is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. In certain embodiments, v2 is 0. In certain embodiments, v2 is 1. In certain embodiments, v2 is 2. In certain embodiments, v2 is 3. In certain embodiments, v2 is 4.
  • each instance of R Ca is independently hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -N3, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted Ce-io aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, -OR°, -N(R N )2, or -SR s .
  • each instance of R Ca is independently hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -N3, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci- 6 acyl, -OR°, -N(R N )2, or -SR s .
  • at least one instance of R Ca is hydrogen.
  • at least one instance of R Ca is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl.
  • at least one instance of R Ca is halogen.
  • R Cb is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -N3, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted Ce-io aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, -OR°, -N(R N ) 2 , or -SR s .
  • R Cb is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -N3, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, -OR°, -N(R N )2, or -SR s .
  • R Cb is hydrogen.
  • at least one instance of R Cb is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl.
  • at least one instance of R Cb is halogen.
  • each instance of R Cc is independently halogen or optionally substituted Ci-Ce alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R Cc is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R Cc is halogen.
  • R Cd is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted Ce-io aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, or optionally substituted Ci- 6 acyl.
  • R Cd is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl.
  • R Cd is optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl.
  • R Cd is optionally substituted C5-7 carbocyclyl.
  • R Cd is optionally substituted Cr, carbocyclyl. In certain embodiments, R Cd is unsubstituted C3-8 carbocyclyl. In certain embodiments, R Cd is unsubstituted C5-7 carbocyclyl. In certain embodiments, R Cd is: .
  • R Ce is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group. In certain embodiments, R Ce is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R Ce is optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R Ce is optionally substituted Ci-6 acyl. In certain embodiments, R Ce is a nitrogen protecting group.
  • R cf is hydrogen, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, or optionally substituted Ci 6 acyl.
  • R cf is hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl.
  • R cf is hydrogen.
  • R cf is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl.
  • R cf is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl.
  • R cf is unsubstituted C1-3 alkyl.
  • R cf is methyl.
  • R Cg is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group.
  • R Cg is hydrogen.
  • R Cg is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl.
  • R Cg is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl.
  • R Cg is unsubstituted C1-3 alkyl.
  • R Cg is methyl.
  • R Cg is unsubstituted C1-6 acyl.
  • R Cg is a nitrogen protecting group.
  • R ch is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group. In certain embodiments, R ch is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R ch is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R ch is unsubstituted C1-6 acyl. In certain embodiments, R ch is a nitrogen protecting group.
  • R Cg is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl; and R ch is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R Cg is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl; and R ch is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R Cg is unsubstituted C1-3 alkyl; and R ch is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R Cg is methyl; and R ch is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R Cg and R ch are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl or optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl.
  • y is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. In certain embodiments, y is 0. In certain embodiments, y is 1. In certain embodiments, y is 2. In certain embodiments, y is 3. In certain embodiments, y is 4.
  • z is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7. In certain embodiments, z is 0. In certain embodiments, z is 1. In certain embodiments, z is 2. In certain embodiments, z is 3. In certain embodiments, z is 4. In certain embodiments, z is 5. In certain embodiments, z is 6. In certain embodiments, z is 7.
  • compositions comprising a compound provided herein (e.g., a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof).
  • the pharmaceutical composition may comprise one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers/excipients.
  • a compound described herein is provided in an effective amount in the pharmaceutical composition.
  • the effective amount is a therapeutically effective amount.
  • the effective amount is a prophylactically effective amount.
  • Pharmaceutical compositions described herein can be prepared by any method known in the art of pharmacology.
  • such preparatory methods include bringing the compound described herein (i.e., the “active ingredient”) into association with a carrier or excipient, and/or one or more other accessory ingredients, and then, if necessary and/or desirable, shaping, and/or packaging the product into a desired single- or multi-dose unit.
  • compositions can be prepared, packaged, and/or sold in bulk, as a single unit dose, and/or as a plurality of single unit doses.
  • a “unit dose” is a discrete amount of the pharmaceutical composition comprising a predetermined amount of the active ingredient.
  • the amount of the active ingredient is generally equal to the dosage of the active ingredient which would be administered to a subject and/or a convenient fraction of such a dosage, such as one -half or one -third of such a dosage.
  • compositions described herein will vary, depending upon the identity, size, and/or condition of the subject treated and further depending upon the route by which the composition is to be administered.
  • the composition may comprise between 0.1% and 100% (w/w) active ingredient.
  • compositions include inert diluents, dispersing and/or granulating agents, surface active agents and/or emulsifiers, disintegrating agents, binding agents, preservatives, buffering agents, lubricating agents, and/or oils. Excipients such as cocoa butter and suppository waxes, coloring agents, coating agents, sweetening, flavoring, and perfuming agents may also be present in the composition.
  • Exemplary diluents include calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, calcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphate lactose, sucrose, cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, kaolin, mannitol, sorbitol, inositol, sodium chloride, dry starch, cornstarch, powdered sugar, and mixtures thereof.
  • Exemplary granulating and/or dispersing agents include potato starch, corn starch, tapioca starch, sodium starch glycolate, clays, alginic acid, guar gum, citrus pulp, agar, bentonite, cellulose, and wood products, natural sponge, cation-exchange resins, calcium carbonate, silicates, sodium carbonate, cross-linked poly( vinyl-pyrrolidone) (crospovidone), sodium carboxymethyl starch (sodium starch glycolate), carboxymethyl cellulose, cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (croscarmellose), methylcellulose, pregelatinized starch (starch 1500), microcrystalline starch, water insoluble starch, calcium carboxymethyl cellulose, magnesium aluminum silicate (Veegum), sodium lauryl sulfate, quaternary ammonium compounds, and mixtures thereof.
  • crospovidone cross-linked poly( vinyl-pyrrolidone)
  • sodium carboxymethyl starch sodium starch glycolate
  • Exemplary surface active agents and/or emulsifiers include natural emulsifiers (e.g., acacia, agar, alginic acid, sodium alginate, tragacanth, chondrux, cholesterol, xanthan, pectin, gelatin, egg yolk, casein, wool fat, cholesterol, wax, and lecithin), colloidal clays (e.g., bentonite (aluminum silicate) and Veegum (magnesium aluminum silicate)), long chain amino acid derivatives, high molecular weight alcohols (e.g., stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, triacetin monostearate, ethylene glycol distearate, glyceryl monostearate, and propylene glycol monostearate, polyvinyl alcohol), carbomers (e.g., carboxy polymethylene, polyacrylic acid, acrylic acid polymer, and carboxyvinyl polymer), carrageenan, cell
  • Exemplary binding agents include starch (e.g., cornstarch and starch paste), gelatin, sugars (e.g., sucrose, glucose, dextrose, dextrin, molasses, lactose, lactitol, mannitol, etc.), natural and synthetic gums (e.g., acacia, sodium alginate, extract of Irish moss, panwar gum, ghatti gum, mucilage of isapol husks, carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxy ethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, cellulose acetate, poly( vinyl-pyrrolidone), magnesium aluminum silicate (Veegum®), and larch arabogalactan), alginates, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, inorganic calcium salts, silicic acid, polymethacrylates, waxes, water, alcohol, and/or
  • Exemplary preservatives include antioxidants, chelating agents, antimicrobial preservatives, antifungal preservatives, antiprotozoan preservatives, alcohol preservatives, acidic preservatives, and other preservatives.
  • the preservative is an antioxidant.
  • the preservative is a chelating agent.
  • antioxidants include alpha tocopherol, ascorbic acid, ascorbyl palmitate, butylated hydroxy anisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, monothioglycerol, potassium metabisulfite, propionic acid, propyl gallate, sodium ascorbate, sodium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, and sodium sulfite.
  • Exemplary chelating agents include ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and salts and hydrates thereof (e.g., sodium edetate, disodium edetate, trisodium edetate, calcium disodium edetate, dipotassium edetate, and the like), citric acid and salts and hydrates thereof e.g., citric acid monohydrate), fumaric acid and salts and hydrates thereof, malic acid and salts and hydrates thereof, phosphoric acid and salts and hydrates thereof, and tartaric acid and salts and hydrates thereof.
  • EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
  • salts and hydrates thereof e.g., sodium edetate, disodium edetate, trisodium edetate, calcium disodium edetate, dipotassium edetate, and the like
  • citric acid and salts and hydrates thereof e.g., citric acid mono
  • antimicrobial preservatives include benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, benzyl alcohol, bronopol, cetrimide, cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorhexidine, chlorobutanol, chlorocresol, chloroxylenol, cresol, ethyl alcohol, glycerin, hexetidine, imidurea, phenol, phenoxyethanol, phenylethyl alcohol, phenylmercuric nitrate, propylene glycol, and thimerosal.
  • Exemplary antifungal preservatives include butyl paraben, methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben, benzoic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, potassium benzoate, potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, sodium propionate, and sorbic acid.
  • Exemplary alcohol preservatives include ethanol, polyethylene glycol, phenol, phenolic compounds, bisphenol, chlorobutanol, hydroxybenzoate, and phenylethyl alcohol.
  • Exemplary acidic preservatives include vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, citric acid, acetic acid, dehydroacetic acid, ascorbic acid, sorbic acid, and phytic acid.
  • preservatives include tocopherol, tocopherol acetate, deteroxime mesylate, cetrimide, butylated hydroxyanisol (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluened (BHT), ethylenediamine, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), sodium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, potassium sulfite, potassium metabisulfite, Glydant® Plus, Phenonip®, methylparaben, Germall® 115, Germaben® II, NeoIone®, Kathon®, and Euxyl®.
  • Exemplary buffering agents include citrate buffer solutions, acetate buffer solutions, phosphate buffer solutions, ammonium chloride, calcium carbonate, calcium chloride, calcium citrate, calcium glubionate, calcium gluceptate, calcium gluconate, D-gluconic acid, calcium glycerophosphate, calcium lactate, propanoic acid, calcium levulinate, pentanoic acid, dibasic calcium phosphate, phosphoric acid, tribasic calcium phosphate, calcium hydroxide phosphate, potassium acetate, potassium chloride, potassium gluconate, potassium mixtures, dibasic potassium phosphate, monobasic potassium phosphate, potassium phosphate mixtures, sodium acetate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, sodium citrate, sodium lactate, dibasic sodium phosphate, monobasic sodium phosphate, sodium phosphate mixtures, tromethamine, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, alginic acid, pyrogen-free water, isotonic saline
  • Exemplary lubricating agents include magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, stearic acid, silica, talc, malt, glyceryl behanate, hydrogenated vegetable oils, polyethylene glycol, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride, leucine, magnesium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, and mixtures thereof.
  • Exemplary natural oils include almond, apricot kernel, avocado, babassu, bergamot, black current seed, borage, cade, camomile, canola, caraway, carnauba, castor, cinnamon, cocoa butter, coconut, cod liver, coffee, corn, cotton seed, emu, eucalyptus, evening primrose, fish, flaxseed, geraniol, gourd, grape seed, hazel nut, hyssop, isopropyl myristate, jojoba, kukui nut, lavandin, lavender, lemon, litsea cubeba, macademia nut, mallow, mango seed, meadowfoam seed, mink, nutmeg, olive, orange, orange roughy, palm, palm kernel, peach kernel, peanut, poppy seed, pumpkin seed, rapeseed, rice bran, rosemary, safflower, sandalwood, sasquana, savoury, sea
  • Exemplary synthetic oils include, but are not limited to, butyl stearate, caprylic triglyceride, capric triglyceride, cyclomethicone, diethyl sebacate, dimethicone 360, isopropyl myristate, mineral oil, octyldodecanol, oleyl alcohol, silicone oil, and mixtures thereof.
  • Liquid dosage forms for oral and parenteral administration include pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, microemulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs.
  • the liquid dosage forms may comprise inert diluents commonly used in the art such as, for example, water or other solvents, solubilizing agents and emulsifiers such as ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, dimethylformamide, oils (e.g., cottonseed, groundnut, corn, germ, olive, castor, and sesame oils), glycerol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, polyethylene glycols and fatty acid esters of sorbitan, and mixtures thereof.
  • inert diluents commonly used in the art such as, for example, water or other solvents, so
  • the oral compositions can include adjuvants such as wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, sweetening, flavoring, and perfuming agents.
  • adjuvants such as wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, sweetening, flavoring, and perfuming agents.
  • the conjugates described herein are mixed with solubilizing agents such as Cremophor®, alcohols, oils, modified oils, glycols, polysorbates, cyclodextrins, polymers, and mixtures thereof.
  • Injectable preparations for example, sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspensions can be formulated according to the known art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents.
  • the sterile injectable preparation can be a sterile injectable solution, suspension, or emulsion in a nontoxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example, as a solution in 1,3-butanediol.
  • acceptable vehicles and solvents that can be employed are water, Ringer’s solution, U.S.P., and isotonic sodium chloride solution.
  • sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium.
  • any bland fixed oil can be employed including synthetic mono- or di-glycerides.
  • fatty acids such as oleic acid are used in the preparation of injectables.
  • the injectable formulations can be sterilized, for example, by filtration through a bacterial-retaining filter, or by incorporating sterilizing agents in the form of sterile solid compositions which can be dissolved or dispersed in sterile water or other sterile injectable medium prior to use.
  • Solid dosage forms for oral administration include capsules, tablets, pills, powders, and granules.
  • the active ingredient is mixed with at least one inert, pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier such as sodium citrate or dicalcium phosphate and/or (a) fillers or extenders such as starches, lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, and silicic acid, (b) binders such as, for example, carboxymethylcellulose, alginates, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidinone, sucrose, and acacia, (c) humectants such as glycerol, (d) disintegrating agents such as agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca starch, alginic acid, certain silicates, and sodium carbonate, (e) solution retarding agents such as paraffin, (f) absorption accelerators such as quaternary ammonium compounds, (g) wetting agents such as, for example, cetyl alcohol and g
  • Solid compositions of a similar type can be employed as fillers in soft and hard-filled gelatin capsules using such excipients as lactose or milk sugar as well as high molecular weight polyethylene glycols and the like.
  • the solid dosage forms of tablets, dragees, capsules, pills, and granules can be prepared with coatings and shells such as enteric coatings and other coatings well known in the art of pharmacology. They may optionally comprise opacifying agents and can be of a composition that they release the active ingredient(s) only, or preferentially, in a certain part of the intestinal tract, optionally, in a delayed manner.
  • encapsulating compositions which can be used include polymeric substances and waxes.
  • Solid compositions of a similar type can be employed as fillers in soft and hard-filled gelatin capsules using such excipients as lactose or milk sugar as well as high molecular weight polethylene glycols and the like.
  • the active ingredient can be in a micro-encapsulated form with one or more excipients as noted above.
  • the solid dosage forms of tablets, dragees, capsules, pills, and granules can be prepared with coatings and shells such as enteric coatings, release controlling coatings, and other coatings well known in the pharmaceutical formulating art.
  • the active ingredient can be admixed with at least one inert diluent such as sucrose, lactose, or starch.
  • Such dosage forms may comprise, as is normal practice, additional substances other than inert diluents, e.g., tableting lubricants and other tableting aids such a magnesium stearate and microcrystalline cellulose.
  • the dosage forms may comprise buffering agents. They may optionally comprise opacifying agents and can be of a composition that they release the active ingredient(s) only, or preferentially, in a certain part of the intestinal tract, optionally, in a delayed manner.
  • encapsulating agents which can be used include polymeric substances and waxes.
  • Dosage forms for topical and/or transdermal administration of a compound described herein may include ointments, pastes, creams, lotions, gels, powders, solutions, sprays, inhalants, and/or patches.
  • the active ingredient is admixed under sterile conditions with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient and/or any needed preservatives and/or buffers as can be required.
  • the present disclosure contemplates the use of transdermal patches, which often have the added advantage of providing controlled delivery of an active ingredient to the body.
  • Such dosage forms can be prepared, for example, by dissolving and/or dispensing the active ingredient in the proper medium.
  • the rate can be controlled by either providing a rate controlling membrane and/or by dispersing the active ingredient in a polymer matrix and/or gel.
  • Suitable devices for use in delivering intradermal pharmaceutical compositions described herein include short needle devices.
  • Intradermal compositions can be administered by devices which limit the effective penetration length of a needle into the skin.
  • conventional syringes can be used in the classical mantoux method of intradermal administration.
  • Jet injection devices which deliver liquid formulations to the dermis via a liquid jet injector and/or via a needle which pierces the stratum corneum and produces a jet which reaches the dermis are suitable.
  • Ballistic powder/particle delivery devices which use compressed gas to accelerate the compound in powder form through the outer layers of the skin to the dermis are suitable.
  • Formulations suitable for topical administration include, but are not limited to, liquid and/or semi-liquid preparations such as liniments, lotions, oil-in-water and/or water-in-oil emulsions such as creams, ointments, and/or pastes, and/or solutions and/or suspensions. Formulations for topical administration may further comprise one or more of the additional ingredients described herein.
  • compositions for rectal or vaginal administration are typically suppositories which can be prepared by mixing the conjugates described herein with suitable non-irritating excipients or carriers such as cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol, or a suppository wax which are solid at ambient temperature but liquid at body temperature and therefore melt in the rectum or vaginal cavity and release the active ingredient.
  • suitable non-irritating excipients or carriers such as cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol, or a suppository wax which are solid at ambient temperature but liquid at body temperature and therefore melt in the rectum or vaginal cavity and release the active ingredient.
  • a pharmaceutical composition described herein can be prepared, packaged, and/or sold in a formulation suitable for pulmonary administration via the buccal cavity.
  • a formulation may comprise dry particles which comprise the active ingredient and which have a diameter in the range from about 0.5 to about 7 nanometers, or from about 1 to about 6 nanometers.
  • Such compositions can be conveniently in the form of dry powders for administration using a device comprising a dry powder reservoir to which a stream of propellant can be directed to disperse the powder and/or using a self-propelling solvent/powder dispensing container such as a device comprising the active ingredient dissolved and/or suspended in a low-boiling propellant in a sealed container.
  • Dry powder compositions may include a solid fine powder diluent such as sugar and are conveniently provided in a unit dose form.
  • Low -boiling propellants generally include liquid propellants having a boiling point of below 65 °F at atmospheric pressure.
  • the propellant may further comprise additional ingredients such as a liquid non-ionic and/or solid anionic surfactant and/or a solid diluent (which may have a particle size of the same order as particles comprising the active ingredient).
  • compositions described herein formulated for pulmonary delivery may provide the active ingredient in the form of droplets of a solution and/or suspension.
  • Such formulations can be prepared, packaged, and/or sold as aqueous and/or dilute alcoholic solutions and/or suspensions, optionally sterile, comprising the active ingredient, and may conveniently be administered using any nebulization and/or atomization device.
  • Such formulations may further comprise one or more additional ingredients including, but not limited to, a flavoring agent such as saccharin sodium, a volatile oil, a buffering agent, a surface active agent, and/or a preservative such as methylhydroxybenzoate.
  • the droplets provided by this route of administration may have an average diameter in the range from about 0.1 to about 200 nanometers.
  • Formulations described herein as being useful for pulmonary delivery are useful for intranasal delivery of a pharmaceutical composition described herein.
  • Another formulation suitable for intranasal administration is a coarse powder comprising the active ingredient and having an average particle from about 0.2 to 500 micrometers. Such a formulation is administered by rapid inhalation through the nasal passage from a container of the powder held close to the nares.
  • a pharmaceutical composition described herein can be prepared, packaged, and/or sold in a formulation for buccal administration.
  • Such formulations may, for example, be in the form of tablets and/or lozenges made using conventional methods.
  • formulations for buccal administration may comprise a powder and/or an aerosolized and/or atomized solution and/or suspension comprising the active ingredient.
  • powdered, aerosolized, and/or aerosolized formulations when dispersed, may have an average particle and/or droplet size in the range from about 0.1 to about 200 nanometers, and may further comprise one or more of the additional ingredients described herein.
  • a pharmaceutical composition described herein can be prepared, packaged, and/or sold in a formulation for ophthalmic administration.
  • Such formulations may, for example, be in the form of eye drops including, for example, a solution and/or suspension of the active ingredient in an aqueous or oily liquid carrier or excipient. Such drops may further comprise buffering agents, salts, and/or one or more other of the additional ingredients described herein.
  • Other opthalmically-administrable formulations which are useful include those which comprise the active ingredient in microcrystalline form and/or in a liposomal preparation. Ear drops and/or eye drops are also contemplated as being within the scope of this disclosure.
  • compositions suitable for administration to humans are principally directed to pharmaceutical compositions which are suitable for administration to humans, it will be understood by the skilled artisan that such compositions are generally suitable for administration to animals of all sorts. Modification of pharmaceutical compositions suitable for administration to humans in order to render the compositions suitable for administration to various animals is well understood, and the ordinarily skilled veterinary pharmacologist can design and/or perform such modification with ordinary experimentation.
  • compositions described herein are typically formulated in dosage unit form for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage. It will be understood, however, that the total daily usage of the compositions described herein will be decided by a physician within the scope of sound medical judgment.
  • the specific therapeutically effective dose level for any particular subject or organism will depend upon a variety of factors including the disease being treated and the severity of the disorder; the activity of the specific active ingredient employed; the specific composition employed; the age, body weight, general health, sex, and diet of the subject; the time of administration, route of administration, and rate of excretion of the specific active ingredient employed; the duration of the treatment; drugs used in combination or coincidental with the specific active ingredient employed; and like factors well known in the medical arts.
  • the compounds and compositions provided herein can be administered by any route, including enteral (e.g., oral), parenteral, intravenous, intramuscular, intra-arterial, intramedullary, intrathecal, subcutaneous, intraventricular, transdermal, interdermal, rectal, intravaginal, intraperitoneal, topical (as by powders, ointments, creams, and/or drops), mucosal, nasal, buccal, sublingual; by intratracheal instillation, bronchial instillation, and/or inhalation; and/or as an oral spray, nasal spray, and/or aerosol.
  • enteral e.g., oral
  • parenteral intravenous, intramuscular, intra-arterial, intramedullary
  • intrathecal subcutaneous, intraventricular, transdermal, interdermal, rectal, intravaginal, intraperitoneal
  • topical as by powders, ointments, creams, and/or drops
  • mucosal nasal,
  • contemplated routes are oral administration, intravenous administration (e.g., systemic intravenous injection), regional administration via blood and/or lymph supply, and/or direct administration to an affected site.
  • intravenous administration e.g., systemic intravenous injection
  • regional administration via blood and/or lymph supply e.g., via blood and/or lymph supply
  • direct administration to an affected site.
  • the most appropriate route of administration will depend upon a variety of factors including the nature of the agent (e.g., its stability in the environment of the gastrointestinal tract), and/or the condition of the subject (e.g., whether the subject is able to tolerate oral administration).
  • the compound or pharmaceutical composition described herein is suitable for topical administration to the eye of a subject.
  • any two doses of the multiple doses include different or substantially the same amounts of a compound described herein.
  • a compound or composition, as described herein, can be administered in combination with one or more additional pharmaceutical agents (e.g., therapeutically and/or prophylactically active agents).
  • the compounds or compositions can be administered in combination with additional pharmaceutical agents that improve their activity (e.g., activity (e.g., potency and/or efficacy) in treating a disease in a subject in need thereof, in preventing a disease in a subject in need thereof, in reducing the risk to develop a disease in a subject in need thereof), improve bioavailability, improve safety, reduce drug resistance, reduce and/or modify metabolism, inhibit excretion, and/or modify distribution in a subject or cell.
  • activity e.g., activity (e.g., potency and/or efficacy) in treating a disease in a subject in need thereof, in preventing a disease in a subject in need thereof, in reducing the risk to develop a disease in a subject in need thereof
  • bioavailability improve safety
  • reduce drug resistance, reduce and/or modify metabolism inhibit
  • a pharmaceutical composition described herein including a compound described herein and an additional pharmaceutical agent shows a synergistic effect that is absent in a pharmaceutical composition including one of the compound and the additional pharmaceutical agent, but not both.
  • the additional pharmaceutical agent achieves a desired effect for the same disorder.
  • the additional pharmaceutical agent achieves different effects.
  • the compound or composition can be administered concurrently with, prior to, or subsequent to one or more additional pharmaceutical agents, which may be useful as, e.g., combination therapies.
  • Pharmaceutical agents include therapeutically active agents.
  • Pharmaceutical agents also include prophylactically active agents.
  • Pharmaceutical agents include small organic molecules such as drug compounds (e.g., compounds approved for human or veterinary use by the U.S.
  • CFR Code of Federal Regulations
  • proteins proteins, carbohydrates, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, nucleoproteins, mucoproteins, lipoproteins, synthetic polypeptides or proteins, small molecules linked to proteins, glycoproteins, steroids, nucleic acids, DNAs, RNAs, nucleotides, nucleosides, oligonucleotides, antisense oligonucleotides, lipids, hormones, vitamins, and cells.
  • CFR Code of Federal Regulations
  • the additional pharmaceutical agents include, but are not limited to, anti-proliferative agents, anticancer agents, anti-angiogenesis agents, steroidal or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs), immunosuppressants, anti-bacterial agents, anti-viral agents, cardiovascular agents, cholesterol-lowering agents, anti-diabetic agents, anti-allergic agents, contraceptive agents, pain-relieving agents, anesthetics, anticoagulants, inhibitors of an enzyme, steroidal agents, steroidal or antihistamine, antigens, vaccines, antibodies, decongestant, sedatives, opioids, analgesics, anti-pyretics, and hormones.
  • NSAIDs steroidal or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents
  • immunosuppressants anti-bacterial agents, anti-viral agents, cardiovascular agents, cholesterol-lowering agents, anti-diabetic agents, anti-allergic agents, contraceptive agents, pain-relieving agents, anesthetics, anticoagulants, inhibitors of an
  • the additional pharmaceutical agent is an anti-proliferative agent. In certain embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is an anti-cancer agent.
  • Anti-cancer agents encompass biotherapeutic anti-cancer agents as well as chemotherapeutic agents.
  • the additional pharmaceutical agent is a protein kinase inhibitor.
  • the additional pharmaceutical agent is selected from the group consisting of epigenetic or transcriptional modulators e.g., DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HD AC inhibitors), lysine methyltransferase inhibitors), antimitotic drugs, hormone receptor modulators (e.g., estrogen receptor modulators and androgen receptor modulators), cell signaling pathway inhibitors (e.g., tyrosine protein kinase inhibitors), modulators of protein stability (e.g., proteasome inhibitors), Hsp90 inhibitors, and other agents that promote differentiation.
  • epigenetic or transcriptional modulators e.g., DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HD AC inhibitors), lysine methyltransferase inhibitors), antimitotic drugs, hormone receptor modulators (e.g., estrogen receptor modulators and androgen receptor modulators), cell signaling pathway
  • biotherapeutic anti-cancer agents include, but are not limited to, interferons, cytokines, vaccines, hematopoietic growth factors, monoclonal serotherapy, immunostimulants and/or immunodulatory agents, immune cell growth factors, and antibodies.
  • a compound or composition is used in combination with an immunotherapy.
  • a compound or composition is used in combination with an immune checkpoint inhibitor.
  • Checkpoint inhibitors can be broken down into at least 4 major categories: i) agents such as antibodies that block an inhibitory pathway directly on T cells or natural killer (NK) cells (e.g., PD-1 targeting antibodies, antibodies targeting TIM-3, and antibodies targeting LAG-3, 2B4, CD160, A2aR, BTLA, CGEN- 15049, or KIR); ii) agents such as antibodies that activate stimulatory pathways directly on T cells or NK cells (e.g., antibodies targeting 0X40, GITR, or 4-1BB); iii) agents such as antibodies that block a suppressive pathway on immune cells or rely on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity to deplete suppressive populations of immune cells (e.g., CTLA-4 targeting antibodies, antibodies targeting VISTA, and antibodies targeting PD-L2, Grl, or Ly6G), and iv) agents
  • the checkpoint inhibitor is an inhibitory antibody, a fusion protein, an agent that interacts with a checkpoint protein, an agent that interacts with the ligand of a checkpoint protein, an inhibitor of CTLA-4, an inhibitor of PD-1, an inhibitor of PDL1, an inhibitor of PDL2, or an inhibitor of B7- H3, B7-H4, BTLA, HVEM, TIM3, GAL9, LAG3, VISTA, KIR, 2B4, CD160, CGEN-15049, CHK 1, CHK2, A2aR, or B-7 family ligands.
  • Each additional pharmaceutical agent may be administered at a dose and/or on a time schedule determined for that pharmaceutical agent.
  • the additional pharmaceutical agents may also be administered together with each other and/or with the compound or composition described herein in a single dose or composition or administered separately in different doses or compositions.
  • the particular combination to employ in a regimen will take into account compatibility of the compound described herein with the additional pharmaceutical agent(s) and/or the desired therapeutic and/or prophylactic effect to be achieved.
  • it is expected that the additional pharmaceutical agent(s) in combination be utilized at levels that do not exceed the levels at which they are utilized individually. In some embodiments, the levels utilized in combination will be lower than those utilized individually.
  • the compounds described herein or pharmaceutical compositions can be administered in combination with an anti-cancer therapy including, but not limited to, surgery, radiation therapy, and transplantation (e.g., stem cell transplantation, bone marrow transplantation).
  • an anti-cancer therapy including, but not limited to, surgery, radiation therapy, and transplantation (e.g., stem cell transplantation, bone marrow transplantation).
  • kits e.g., pharmaceutical packs
  • the kits provided may comprise a pharmaceutical composition or compound described herein and a container (e.g., a vial, ampule, bottle, syringe, and/or dispenser package, or other suitable container).
  • a container e.g., a vial, ampule, bottle, syringe, and/or dispenser package, or other suitable container.
  • provided kits may optionally further include a second container comprising a pharmaceutical excipient for dilution or suspension of a pharmaceutical composition or compound described herein.
  • the pharmaceutical composition or compound described herein provided in the first container and the second container are combined to form a single unit dosage form.
  • kits including a first container comprising a compound or pharmaceutical composition described herein.
  • the kits are useful for treating a disease (e.g., cancer) in a subject in need thereof.
  • the kits are useful for preventing a disease in a subject in need thereof.
  • kits described herein further includes instructions for using the kit.
  • a kit described herein may also include information as required by a regulatory agency such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
  • the information included in the kits is prescribing information.
  • the kits provide instructions for treating a disease (e.g., cancer) in a subject in need thereof.
  • the kits provide instructions for preventing a disease in a subject in need thereof.
  • a kit described herein may include one or more additional pharmaceutical agents described herein as a separate composition.
  • Compounds provided herein are degraders of GRK family member proteins (e.g., GRK2, GRK3) and are therefore useful in, e.g., treating and/or preventing diseases (e.g., proliferative diseases e.g., cancer), cardiovascular diseases) in a subject, inhibiting tumor growth in a subject, degrading GRK family member proteins (e.g., GRK2, GRK3) in vitro or in vivo, etc.
  • a disease in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically and/or prophylactically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
  • a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
  • the disease is a GRK2 -related disease. In certain embodiments, the disease is a GRK3-related disease. In certain embodiments, the disease is a hematological disease, an infection, a cardiovascular disease, (e.g., cardiac failure, cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension), a proliferative disease (e.g., cancer), an endocrinological disease, a metabolic disease, a gastroenterological disease, a respiratory disease, inflammation (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease), a neurological disease, opioid addiction, or an urological disease.
  • a cardiovascular disease e.g., cardiac failure, cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension
  • a proliferative disease e.g., cancer
  • an endocrinological disease e.g., a metabolic disease, a gastroenterological disease, a respiratory disease, inflammation (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease), a neurological disease, opioid addiction, or an urological disease.
  • the disease is a proliferative disease (e.g., cancer).
  • a proliferative disease e.g., cancer
  • methods of treating a proliferative disease (e.g., cancer) in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug
  • Ill thereof or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
  • compounds of Formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, tautomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, co-crystals, and prodrugs thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, for use in treating a proliferative disease (e.g., cancer) in a subject.
  • a proliferative disease e.g., cancer
  • proliferative diseases e.g., cancer
  • the proliferative disease is cancer.
  • the cancer is pancreatic cancer.
  • the cancer is colon cancer.
  • Also provided herein are method comprising administering to a subject a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof, wherein the subject has a proliferative disease (e.g., cancer).
  • a proliferative disease e.g., cancer
  • the proliferative disease is cancer.
  • the cancer is pancreatic cancer.
  • the cancer is colon cancer.
  • a proliferative disease refers to a disease that occurs due to abnormal growth or extension by the multiplication of cells (See, e.g., Walker, Cambridge Dictionary of Biology, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 1990).
  • a proliferative disease may be associated with: 1) the pathological proliferation of normally quiescent cells; 2) the pathological migration of cells from their normal location e.g., metastasis of neoplastic cells); 3) the pathological expression of proteolytic enzymes such as the matrix metalloproteinases (e.g., collagenases, gelatinases, and elastases); or 4) the pathological angiogenesis as in proliferative retinopathy and tumor metastasis.
  • Exemplary proliferative diseases include cancers (i.e., “malignant neoplasms”), benign neoplasms, angiogenesis, inflammatory diseases, and autoimmune diseases.
  • angiogenesis refers to the physiological process through which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels.
  • Angiogenesis is distinct from vasculogenesis, which is the de novo formation of endothelial cells from mesoderm cell precursors. The first vessels in a developing embryo form through vasculogenesis, after which angiogenesis is responsible for most blood vessel growth during normal or abnormal development.
  • Angiogenesis is a vital process in growth and development, as well as in wound healing and in the formation of granulation tissue.
  • angiogenesis is also a fundamental step in the transition of tumors from a benign state to a malignant one, leading to the use of angiogenesis inhibitors in the treatment of cancer.
  • Angiogenesis may be chemically stimulated by angiogenic proteins, such as growth factors (e.g., VEGF).
  • angiogenic proteins such as growth factors (e.g., VEGF).
  • VEGF growth factors
  • “Pathological angiogenesis” refers to abnormal (e.g., excessive or insufficient) angiogenesis that amounts to and/or is associated with a disease.
  • neoplasm and “tumor” are used herein interchangeably and refer to an abnormal mass of tissue wherein the growth of the mass surpasses and is not coordinated with the growth of a normal tissue.
  • a neoplasm or tumor may be “benign” or “malignant,” depending on the following characteristics: degree of cellular differentiation (including morphology and functionality), rate of growth, local invasion, and metastasis.
  • a “benign neoplasm” is generally well differentiated, has characteristically slower growth than a malignant neoplasm, and remains localized to the site of origin.
  • a benign neoplasm does not have the capacity to infiltrate, invade, or metastasize to distant sites.
  • Exemplary benign neoplasms include, but are not limited to, lipoma, chondroma, adenomas, acrochordon, senile angiomas, seborrheic keratoses, lentigos, and sebaceous hyperplasias.
  • certain “benign” tumors may later give rise to malignant neoplasms, which may result from additional genetic changes in a subpopulation of the tumor’s neoplastic cells, and these tumors are referred to as “pre -malignant neoplasms.”
  • An exemplary pre-malignant neoplasm is a teratoma.
  • a “malignant neoplasm” is generally poorly differentiated (anaplasia) and has characteristically rapid growth accompanied by progressive infiltration, invasion, and destruction of the surrounding tissue. Furthermore, a malignant neoplasm generally has the capacity to metastasize to distant sites.
  • the term “metastasis,” “metastatic,” or “metastasize” refers to the spread or migration of cancerous cells from a primary or original tumor to another organ or tissue and is typically identifiable by the presence of a “secondary tumor” or “secondary cell mass” of the tissue type of the primary or original tumor and not of that of the organ or tissue in which the secondary (metastatic) tumor is located.
  • the proliferative disease to be treated is cancer.
  • the cancer is a GRK2 -related cancer.
  • the cancer is a GRK3-related cancer.
  • cancer refers to a class of diseases characterized by the development of abnormal cells that proliferate uncontrollably and have the ability to infiltrate and destroy normal body tissues.
  • the cancer is a solid tumor.
  • the cancer is a hematopoietic cancer (i.e., hematological cancer).
  • the cancer is a hematopoietic cancer (e.g., leukemia (e.g., acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) (e.g., B-cell ALL, T-cell ALL), acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) (e.g., B-cell AML, T-cell AML), chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) (e.g., B-cell CML, T-cell CML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) e.g., B-cell CLL, T-cell CLL)); lymphoma (e.g., Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) (e.g., B-cell HL, T-cell HL)), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (e.g., B-cell NHL such as diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL) (e.g., diffuse large B-cell lymphoma)), f
  • ALL acute lymphocy
  • the cancer is leukemia.
  • the cancer is acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
  • the cancer is early T-cell precursor (ETP)-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
  • the cancer is liver cancer (e.g., hepatocellular cancer (HCC) (e.g., hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastoma, hepatocellular adenoma), malignant hepatoma, hemangiomas, biliary cancer (e.g., cholangiocarcinoma)).
  • HCC hepatocellular cancer
  • hepatoblastoma hepatocellular carcinoma
  • hepatocellular adenoma hepatocellular adenoma
  • malignant hepatoma hemangiomas
  • biliary cancer e.g., cholangiocarcinoma
  • the cancer is musculoskeletal cancer e.g., bone cancer (e.g., osteosarcoma, osteoid osteoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, Ewing’ s sarcoma, chordoma, malignant giant cell tumor chordoma, chondrosarcoma osteochondroma, benign chondroma, chondroblastoma chondromyxofibroma, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)), muscle cancer (e.g., rhabdomyosarcoma, rhabdomyoma), connective tissue cancer, synovioma).
  • bone cancer e.g., osteosarcoma, osteoid osteoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, Ewing’ s sarcoma, chordoma, malignant giant cell tumor chordoma, chondrosarcoma osteochondroma, benign chondroma, chondroblastoma chondromy
  • the cancer is a nervous system cancer (e.g., brain cancer (e.g., astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, glioma (e.g., astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma), glioblastomas, glioblastoma multiform, medulloblastoma, ependymoma, germinoma (i.e., pinealoma), oligodendroglioma, schwannoma, retinoblastoma, congenital tumors, craniopharyngioma), spinal cord cancer, neurofibroma (e.g., neurofibromatosis (NF) type 1 or type 2, schwannomatosis), neuroblastoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNT), meningeal cancer (e.g., meningioma, meningiosarcoma, gliomatosis),
  • brain cancer e.g
  • the disease to be treated is a brain tumor.
  • the disease is pleomorphic xenoanthrocytoma (PXA).
  • the disease is pediatric pleomorphic xenoanthrocytoma (PXA).
  • the cancer is selected from endocrine/exocrine cancers (e.g., thyroid cancer (e.g., papillary thyroid carcinoma, follicular thyroid carcinoma; medullary thyroid carcinoma, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 A, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B, familial medullary thyroid cancer, pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma), pancreatic cancer (e.g., pancreatic andenocarcinoma, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), Islet cell tumors, ductal adenocarcinoma, insulinoma, glucagonoma, vipoma), adrenal gland cancer, neuroendocrine cancer (e.g., gastroenteropancreatic neuroendoctrine tumor (GEP-NET), carcinoid tumor), sebaceous gland carcinoma, sweat gland carcinoma).
  • the cancer is sweat gland cancer (e.g., thyroid cancer (e.g.
  • the cancer is head and neck cancer (e.g., squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), adenoid cystic carcinoma).
  • SCCHN head and neck cancer
  • adenoid cystic carcinoma adenoid cystic carcinoma
  • the cancer is oral cancer (e.g., buccal cavity cancer, lip cancer, tongue cancer, mouth cancer, pharynx cancer, hypopharynx cancer (e.g., hypopharyngeal carcinoma), throat cancer (e.g., laryngeal cancer, pharyngeal cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, oropharyngeal cancer), salivary gland cancer).
  • oral cancer e.g., buccal cavity cancer, lip cancer, tongue cancer, mouth cancer, pharynx cancer, hypopharynx cancer (e.g., hypopharyngeal carcinoma), throat cancer (e.g., laryngeal cancer, pharyngeal cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, oropharyngeal cancer), salivary gland cancer).
  • the cancer is esophageal cancer (e.g., esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal adenocarcinoma, Barrett’s adenocarcinoma, esophageal leiomyosarcoma).
  • esophageal cancer e.g., esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal adenocarcinoma, Barrett’s adenocarcinoma, esophageal leiomyosarcoma.
  • the cancer is gastrointestinal cancer (e.g., anal cancer, colorectal cancer (e.g., colon cancer, rectal cancer, colorectal adenocarcinoma), gall bladder cancer, gastric cancer (e.g., stomach cancer (e.g., stomach adenocarcinoma)), gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), small bowel cancer (e.g., appendix cancer, small bowel carcinoma, e.g., small bowel adenocarcinoma), small intestine cancer, large bowel cancer, large intestine cancer).
  • gastrointestinal cancer e.g., anal cancer, colorectal cancer (e.g., colon cancer, rectal cancer, colorectal adenocarcinoma), gall bladder cancer, gastric cancer (e.g., stomach cancer (e.g., stomach adenocarcinoma)), gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), small bowel cancer (e.g., appendix cancer, small bowel carcinoma, e
  • the cancer is cardiovascular cancer (e.g., primary cardiac tumors, angiosarcoma e.g., lymphangiosarcoma, lymphangioendotheliosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma), endotheliosarcoma (e.g., Kaposi’s sarcoma, multiple idiopathic hemorrhagic sarcoma), cardiac myxoma, cardiac rhabdomyoma).
  • angiosarcoma e.g., lymphangiosarcoma, lymphangioendotheliosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma
  • endotheliosarcoma e.g., Kaposi’s sarcoma, multiple idiopathic hemorrhagic sarcoma
  • cardiac myxoma e.g., cardiac rhabdomyoma
  • the cancer is lung cancer (e.g., bronchus cancer (e.g., bronchogenic carcinoma, bronchial adenoma), alveolar carcinoma, mesothelioma, small cell lung cancer (SCLC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), lung adenocarcinoma, chondromatous hamartoma, papillary adenocarcinoma).
  • lung cancer e.g., bronchus cancer (e.g., bronchogenic carcinoma, bronchial adenoma), alveolar carcinoma, mesothelioma, small cell lung cancer (SCLC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), lung adenocarcinoma, chondromatous hamartoma, papillary adenocarcinoma).
  • SCLC small cell lung cancer
  • NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer
  • lung adenocarcinoma chondromatous hamartoma
  • the cancer is a genitourinary cancer (e.g., bladder cancer (e.g., urothelial carcinoma), urethral cancer, kidney cancer (e.g., nephroblastoma a.k.a. Wilms’ tumor, renal cell carcinoma), testicular cancer (e.g., seminoma, testicular embryonal carcinoma), germ cell cancer, prostate cancer (e.g., prostate adenocarcinoma), penile cancer (e.g., Paget’s disease of the penis and scrotum)).
  • bladder cancer e.g., urothelial carcinoma
  • kidney cancer e.g., nephroblastoma a.k.a. Wilms’ tumor, renal cell carcinoma
  • testicular cancer e.g., seminoma, testicular embryonal carcinoma
  • germ cell cancer e.g., prostate adenocarcinoma
  • penile cancer e.g., Paget’s disease of the pen
  • the cancer is a gynecological cancer (e.g., breast cancer (e.g., adenocarcinoma of the breast, papillary carcinoma of the breast, mammary cancer, medullary carcinoma of the breast, triple negative breast cancer, HER-2 positive breast cancer, HER2 -negative breast cancer), endometrial cancer (e.g., uterine cancer (e.g., uterine sarcoma, choriocarcinoma), endometrial carcinoma), cervical cancer (e.g., cervical adenocarcinoma), ovarian cancer (e.g., cystadenocarcinoma, ovarian embryonal carcinoma, ovarian adenocarcinoma), germ cell cancer, vulvar cancer (e.g., Paget’s disease of the vulva) vaginal cancer, fallopian tube cancer).
  • breast cancer e.g., adenocarcinoma of the breast, papillary carcinoma of the breast, mammary cancer
  • the cancer is skin cancer (e.g., squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), keratoacanthoma (KA), melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), dermatofribroma).
  • SCC squamous cell carcinoma
  • KA keratoacanthoma
  • BCC basal cell carcinoma
  • dermatofribroma dermatofribroma
  • the cancer is a soft tissue cancer (e.g., intraepithelial neoplasms, epithelial carcinomas, epithelial sarcomas, adenocarcinomas, adenomas, fibrosarcomas, fibromas, liposarcomas, lipomas, myxomas, teratomas).
  • a soft tissue cancer e.g., intraepithelial neoplasms, epithelial carcinomas, epithelial sarcomas, adenocarcinomas, adenomas, fibrosarcomas, fibromas, liposarcomas, lipomas, myxomas, teratomas.
  • the cancer is skin cancer (e.g., melanoma), breast cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, gliomas, thyroid cancer, pancreatic cancer, bile duct cancer, urinary tract cancer, head and neck cancer, gastric cancer, rhabdoid cancer, mesothelioma, cervical cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, lymphoma, lung cancer, leukemia, or kidney cancer.
  • the cancer is pancreatic cancer.
  • a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, cocrystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
  • the tumor is a GRK2 -related tumor.
  • the tumor is a GRK3 -related tumor.
  • the tumor is a pancreatic tumor.
  • the tumor is a colorectal tumor.
  • treating cancer and/or inhibiting tumor growth can result in a reduction in size or volume of a tumor.
  • tumor size is reduced by 5% or greater (e.g., 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or greater) relative to its size prior to treatment.
  • Size of a tumor may be measured by any reproducible means of measurement.
  • the size of a tumor may be measured as a diameter of the tumor or by any reproducible means of measurement.
  • the tumor size is reduced by at least 25% relative to its size prior to treatment.
  • beating cancer and/or inhibiting tumor growth may further result in a decrease in number of tumors.
  • tumor number is reduced by 5% or greater (e.g., 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or greater) relative to number prior to treatment.
  • Number of tumors may be measured by any reproducible means of measurement. The number of tumors may be measured by counting tumors visible to the naked eye or at a specified magnification (e.g., 2x, 3x, 4x, 5x, lOx, or 50x).
  • heating cancer can result in a decrease in number of metastatic nodules in other tissues or organs distant from the primary tumor site.
  • the number of metastatic nodules is reduced by 5% or greater (e.g., 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or greater) relative to number prior to treatment.
  • the number of metastatic nodules may be measured by any reproducible means of measurement.
  • the number of metastatic nodules may be measured by counting metastatic nodules visible to the naked eye or at a specified magnification (e.g., 2x, lOx, or 50x).
  • heating cancer can result in an increase in average survival time of a population of subjects treated according to the present disclosure in comparison to a population of untreated subjects.
  • the average survival time is increased by more than 30 days (more than 60 days, 90 days, or 120 days).
  • An increase in average survival time of a population may be measured by any reproducible means.
  • An increase in average survival time of a population may be measured, for example, by calculating for a population the average length of survival following initiation of treatment with the compound of the present disclosure.
  • An increase in average survival time of a population may also be measured, for example, by calculating for a population the average length of survival following completion of a first round of treatment with the compound of the present disclosure.
  • heating cancer can also result in a decrease in the mortality rate of a population of heated subjects in comparison to an untreated population.
  • the mortality rate is decreased by more than 2% (e.g., more than 5%, 10%, or 25%).
  • a decrease in the mortality rate of a population of heated subjects may be measured by any reproducible means, for example, by calculating for a population the average number of disease-related deaths per unit time following initiation of treatment with the compound of the present disclosure.
  • a decrease in the mortality rate of a population may also be measured, for example, by calculating for a population the average number of disease-related deaths per unit time following completion of a first round of treatment with the compound of the present disclosure.
  • treating cancer can also result in an increased average progression-free survival time of a population of treated subjects in comparison to an untreated population.
  • the average progression-free survival time is increased by more than 30 days (more than 60 days, 90 days, or 120 days).
  • An increase in average progression-free survival time of a population may be measured by any reproducible means.
  • An increase in average progression-free survival time of a population may be measured, for example, by calculating for a population the average length of progression-free survival following initiation of treatment with the compound of the present disclosure.
  • An increase in average progression-free survival time of a population may also be measured, for example, by calculating for a population the average length of progression-free survival following completion of a first round of treatment with the compound of the present disclosure.
  • “Progression-free survival” as used herein refers to the length of time during and after medication or treatment during which the disease being treated (e.g., cancer) does not get worse.
  • Also provided herein are methods of treating and/or preventing a cardiovascular disease in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically and/or prophylactically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
  • the cardiovascular disease is a GRK2 -related cardiovascular disease. In certain embodiments, the cardiovascular disease is a GRK3-related cardiovascular disease. In certain embodiments, the cardiovascular disease is heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, or hypertension.
  • Also provided herein are methods comprising administering to a subject a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof, wherein the subject has a cardiovascular disease.
  • the disease is a cardiovascular disease.
  • a “cardiovascular disease” is a disease involving the heart and/or blood vessels.
  • the disease is atherogenesis or atherosclerosis.
  • the disease is arterial stent occlusion, heart failure (e.g., congestive heart failure), a coronary arterial disease, myocarditis, pericarditis, a cardiac valvular disease, stenosis, restenosis, in-stent-stenosis, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndromes, coronary artery bypass grafting, a cardio-pulmonary bypass procedure, endotoxemia, ischemia-reperfusion injury, cerebrovascular ischemia (stroke), renal reperfusion injury, embolism (e.g., pulmonary, renal, hepatic, gastrointestinal, or peripheral limb embolism), or myocardial ischemia.
  • heart failure e.g., congestive heart failure
  • a coronary arterial disease myocardi
  • Also provided herein are methods of treating opioid addiction in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
  • Also provided herein are methods comprising administering to a subject a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof, wherein the subject has an opioid addiction.
  • the degrading occurs in vivo.
  • the degrading occurs in vitro.
  • the degradation is selective for GRK2, i.e., selective for GRK2 over other proteins (e.g., over other protein kinases, e.g., over other GRK family member proteins).
  • the method or use further comprises determining the level of a protein e.g., GRK2) in the subject or in vitro.
  • the degrading occurs in vivo.
  • the degrading occurs in vitro.
  • the degradation is selective for GRK3, i.e., selective for GRK3 over other proteins (e.g., over other protein kinases, e.g., over other GRK family member proteins).
  • the method or use further comprises determining the level of a protein (e.g., GRK3) in the subject or in vitro.
  • the inhibiting occurs in vivo.
  • the inhibiting occurs in vitro.
  • the inhibition is selective for GRK2, i.e., selective for GRK2 over other proteins (e.g., over other protein kinases, e.g., over other GRK family member proteins).
  • Methods of inhibiting GRK2 activity can include a step of contacting a GRK2 protein with a compound or composition described herein.
  • the inhibiting occurs in vivo.
  • the inhibiting occurs in vitro.
  • the inhibition is selective for GRK3, i.e., selective for GRK3 over other proteins (e.g., over other protein kinases, e.g., over other GRK family member proteins).
  • Methods of inhibiting GRK3 activity can include a step of contacting a GRK3 protein with a compound or composition described herein.
  • in vivo methods provided herein comprise administering to a subject an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
  • in vitro methods provided herein can be carried out, for example, in a cell line, assay, biological sample, etc.
  • methods for inhibiting the activity of GRK2 activity in vitro comprise contacting a GRK2 protein with a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
  • methods for inhibiting GRK2 activity in a cell comprise contacting the cell with a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, cocrystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
  • methods for inhibiting GRK2 activity in a biological sample comprise contacting the biological sample with a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
  • methods for inhibiting the activity of GRK3 activity in vitro comprise contacting a GRK3 protein with a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
  • methods for inhibiting GRK3 activity in a cell comprise contacting the cell with a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, cocrystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
  • methods for inhibiting GRK3 activity in a biological sample comprise contacting the biological sample with a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
  • Assay I GRK2 enzyme (1 nM final concentration) was diluted in 25 mM HEPES, lOrnM MgCL, 2mM DTT, 0.01% Tween-20, and ImM EGTA. Then the GRK2 mixture was added into ProxiPlate-384 white plate and pre-incubated for 30 min with test compounds at room temperature. ATP (7 pM final concentration) and Ulight TopoIla (50 nM final concentration) were added into the assay plate to initiate the reaction and the mixture was incubated at room temperature for 90 min.
  • GRK2 was purchased from SignalChem (Cat # A14-10G, Lot # X645-3). Substrate GRKtide was from SignalChem (Cat # G46-58, Lot # R339-6). ADP-Glo Kinase Assay was from Promega (Cat # V9102). Assay buffer consisted of 25 rnM HEPES (pH7.5), 10 rnM MgCL. 0.01% Tween-20, ImM DDT. 384-well white plates were from Greiner Bio-Rad (Item # 784075).
  • HTS protocol Take 384 well plate with 50 nL of compound in columns 3-22 / DMSO solution in columns 1-2,23-24. Add 2.5 pL assay buffer to columns 23 and 24 using Thermo Scientific Multidrop Combi Dispenser. Add 2.5 pL of 2x enzyme solution (15 nM in lx assay buffer) using Thermo Scientific Multidrop Combi Reagent Dispenser to all columns except of 23 and 24. Incubate for 15 minutes. Fill plate with 2.5 pL of 2x substrate mix (20 pM ATP and 0.6 mg/mL GRKtide in lx assay buffer) using Thermo Scientific Multidrop Combi Reagent Dispenser.
  • PAXF1657 cells were plated in 6-well, 24- well plates or 60 mm tissue culture treated dishes and incubated at 37 °C until 70% confluency. The media was aspirated, and the cells were treated with fresh media containing the compounds in the concentration range of 0 pM to 10 pM for a period of 6 to 24 hours. At the desired time points the cells were washed twice with cold PBS and lysed with lysis buffer (ice cold PBS + 1% NP40 with 1/100 protease/phosphatase inhibitors) on ice for 8 mins followed by sonication at 70% intensity pulses for 10 seconds. The cells were centrifuged at 20000g for 8 min at 4 °C. The supernatants were collected and stored at -80 °C.
  • the membranes were washed three times with TBST and incubated with anti-mouse IgG-HRP or anti-rabbit IgG-HRP at room temperature for 2 hours in 5% milk in TBST.
  • the membranes were washed three times with TBST and developed with ECL Dura, ECL femto or ECL atto substrates.
  • Membranes were analyzed on BioRad ChemiDoc Imager and signal intensity of Grk2 and b-actin was quantified using ImageLab.
  • Proliferation Assay Cellular anti-proliferative activity of compounds was assessed by using the pancreatic cancer cell line, PAXF1657 expressing a control empty vector and a GRK2 knockout PAXF1657 cell line that was generated via CRISPR. Cell lines were seeded into tissue culture treated, white -walled, 96- well plates at a density of 500 cells/well in RPMI1640 media supplemented with 10% H.I. FBS and penicillin/streptomycin. Plates were incubated overnight at 37°C, 5% CO2 to allow cells to adhere to the wells.
  • GRK2 inhibitors were added to the cells using a 10-point dilution series with a final concentration ranging from 30 pM - 0.0002 pM in 0.3% DMSO.
  • a set of plates, that were not treated with compounds, were collected and cell viability was measured using CellTiter-Glo (Promega).
  • CellTiter-Glo reagent was added to the designed plates and luminescence was measured using a Biotek Synergy plate reader.
  • the compound treated cells were incubated for 3 days at 37°C, 5% CO2.
  • the media was then aspirated from each well and replaced with fresh media containing GRK2 inhibitors.
  • the compound treated cells were then incubated for an additional 4 days at 37°C, 5% CO2. Cell viability was assessed and at end of the 7-day compound treatment by CellTiterGlo.
  • the solution was stirred at 25 °C for 15 min and then warmed to 50 °C and stirred for a further 4 hr.
  • the reaction mixture was cooled to RT then concentrated in vacuo.
  • the residue was partitioned between H2O (40 mL) and CH2Q2 (40 mL) and passed through a hydrophobic frit.
  • the aqueous phase was extracted with CH2Q2 (40 mL) and passed through a hydrophobic frit twice more and then the organic phases were combined and concentrated in vacuo.

Abstract

Provided herein are compounds (e.g., compounds of Formulae (I)), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, tautomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, co-crystals, and prodrugs thereof, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and kits comprising the same. The compounds provided herein are degraders of GRK family member proteins (e.g., GRK2, GRK3) and are therefore useful for, e.g., treating and/or preventing diseases (e.g., cancer) in a subject, for inhibiting tumor growth in a subject, for degrading a GRK family member protein (e.g., GRK2, GRK3) in vitro or in vivo, etc. In certain embodiments, the compounds provided herein are selective for GRK2. Also provided herein are methods and synthetic intermediates useful in the preparation of compounds described herein.

Description

DEGRADERS OF GRK2 AND USES THEREOF
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/293,918, filed on December 27, 2021. The entire contents of the foregoing application are expressly incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND
[002] G-protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) participate in the processes of regulation of multiple G- protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) of great physiological and pharmacological relevance. These proteins form a family of seven members that phosphorylate agonist-activated receptors in serine/threonine residues, promoting internalization, recycling and/or degradation processes of GPCRs.
[003] GRK2, which is the most ubiquitous and best characterized isoform of the family of GRKs, has been found to regulate the activity of different GPCRs involved in diseases such as cancer, along with cytosolic proteins involved in proliferative and survival signaling pathways, as well as non-GPCRs membrane proteins with oncogenic potential. GRK2 protein levels and activity have also been reported to be enhanced in patients and/or in preclinical models of other diseases such as heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, and hypertension. Accordingly, there is a need to develop new compounds that decrease the level and/or activity of G protein- coupled receptor kinases (GRKs), including compounds that can inhibit and/or degrade inhibit GRKs (e.g., GRK2) proteins.
SUMMARY
[004] Provided herein are degraders of GRK family member proteins (e.g., GRK2, GRK3), including compounds of any of the formulae herein, pharmaceutical compositions and kits comprising the same, and methods of using the same (e.g., for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases, e.g., cancer, in a subject). Also provided herein are methods of preparing the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions described herein.
[005] In one aspect, provided herein are compounds of Formula (I):
Figure imgf000002_0001
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, tautomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, co-crystals, and prodrugs thereof, wherein R2, R3, R4, R6, R7, R13, R14, X1, X3, X4, Z1, Z2, L1, G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, a, b, c, m, and n are as defined herein; and “Deg” is a degradation moiety, as defined herein. In certain embodiments, the degradation moiety is a ubiquitin ligase (i.e., E3 ubiquitin ligase) binding moiety. In certain embodiments, the ubiquitin ligase binding moiety comprises a Cereblon ligand, an Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) ligand, a mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) ligand, or a von Hippel- Lindau (VHL) ligand.
[006] In certain embodiments, for example, a compound of Formula (I) is selected from the compounds recited in Table A (infra), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, tautomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, co-crystals, and prodrugs thereof.
[007] The compounds provided herein are degraders of GRK family member proteins (e.g., GRK2, GRK3) and are therefore useful for treating and/or preventing diseases (e.g., cancer) in a subject. In certain embodiments, the compounds provided herein are GRK2 degraders. In certain embodiments, the compounds provided herein are selective GRK2 degraders, i.e., selective for GRK2 over other kinases (e.g., over other GRK family member proteins). In certain embodiments, the compounds provided herein are GRK3 degraders. In certain embodiments, the compounds provided herein are selective GRK3 degraders, i.e., selective for GRK3 over other kinases (e.g., over other GRK family member proteins).
[008] In another aspect, provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients. In certain embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition provided herein comprises a therapeutically and/or prophylactically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof. The pharmaceutical compositions described herein are useful for treating and/or preventing diseases (e.g., cancer) in a subject. The pharmaceutical compositions provided herein may further comprise one or more additional therapeutic agents (e.g., anti-cancer agents).
[009] In other aspects, provided herein are methods and uses of the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions provided herein, including the following:
(a) Methods of treating and/or preventing a proliferative disease (e.g., cancer) in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically and/or prophylactically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. In certain embodiments, the proliferative disease is cancer. In certain embodiments, the proliferative disease is a cancer related to the activity of a GRK family member protein (e.g., GRK2, GRK3) in a subject or cell.
(b) Methods of inhibiting tumor growth in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, cocrystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
(c) Methods of treating and/or preventing a cardiovascular disease in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically and/or prophylactically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. In certain embodiments, the cardiovascular disease is heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, or hypertension. In certain embodiments, the cardiovascular disease is related to the activity of a GRK family member protein (e.g., GRK2, GRK3) in a subject or cell.
(d) Methods of treating opioid addiction in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, cocrystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
(e) Methods of treating and/or preventing a GRK2- or GRK3-related disease in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically and/or prophylactically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. In certain embodiments, the GRK2 -related disease is related to increased activity of GRK2 in a subject. In certain embodiments, the GRK3-related disease is related to increased activity of GRK3 in a subject.
(f) Methods of degrading a GRK family member protein (e.g., GRK2, GRK3) in vivo or in vitro with a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. In certain embodiments, the degrading occurs in vivo (i.e., in a subject). In certain embodiments, the degrading occurs in vitro (e.g., in a cell line or biological sample). In certain embodiments, the degradation is selective GRK2 degradation. In certain embodiments, the degradation is selective GRK3 degradation.
(g) Methods of inhibiting the activity of a GRK family member protein (e.g., GRK2, GRK3) in vivo or in vitro with a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. In certain embodiments, the inhibiting occurs in vivo (i.e., in a subject). In certain embodiments, the inhibiting occurs in vitro (e.g., in a cell line or biological sample). In certain embodiments, the inhibition is selective GRK2 inhibition. In certain embodiments, the inhibition is selective GRK3 inhibition.
[010] In another aspect, provided herein are compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, tautomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, co-crystals, and prodrugs thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, for use in any of the methods provided herein. In yet another aspect, provided herein are uses of compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, tautomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, co-crystals, and prodrugs thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, for the preparation of medicaments (e.g., for treating and/or preventing a disease, e.g., cancer, in a subject).
[Oil] In another aspect, provided herein are kits comprising a compound of (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, cocrystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. The kits described herein may include a single dose or multiple doses of the compound or pharmaceutical composition thereof. The kits described herein are useful in any method or use provided herein, and optionally further comprise instructions for using the kit e.g., instructions for using the compound or composition included in the kit).
[012] Also provided herein are methods of preparing compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, tautomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, cocrystals, and prodrugs thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. Synthetic intermediates useful in the preparation of the compounds are also provided herein and are considered to be part of the invention.
[013] The details of certain embodiments of the invention are set forth in the Detailed Description of Certain Embodiments, as described below. Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the Definitions, Examples, Figures, and Claims.
DEFINITIONS
Chemical Definitions
[014] Definitions of specific functional groups and chemical terms are described in more detail below. The chemical elements are identified in accordance with the Periodic Table of the Elements, CAS version, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 75th Ed., inside cover, and specific functional groups are generally defined as described therein. Additionally, general principles of organic chemistry, as well as specific functional moieties and reactivity, are described in Thomas Sorrell, Organic Chemistry, University Science Books, Sausalito, 1999; Michael B. Smith, March’s Advanced Organic Chemistry, 7th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 2013; Richard C. Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 2018; and Carruthers, Some Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis, 3rd Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987.
[015] Compounds described herein can comprise one or more asymmetric centers, and thus can exist in various stereoisomeric forms, e.g., enantiomers and/or diastereomers. For example, the compounds described herein can be in the form of an individual enantiomer, diastereomer or geometric isomer, or can be in the form of a mixture of stereoisomers, including racemic mixtures and mixtures enriched in one or more stereoisomer. Isomers can be isolated from mixtures by methods known to those skilled in the art, including chiral high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the formation and crystallization of chiral salts; or preferred isomers can be prepared by asymmetric syntheses. See, for example, Jacques et al., Enantiomers, Racemates and Resolutions (Wiley Interscience, New York, 1981); Wilen et al., Tetrahedron 33:2725 (1977); Eliel, E.L. Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds (McGraw-Hill, NY, 1962); and Wilen, S.H., Tables of Resolving Agents and Optical Resolutions p. 268 (E.L. Eliel, Ed., Univ, of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, IN 1972). The present disclosure additionally encompasses compounds as individual isomers substantially free of other isomers, and alternatively, as mixtures of various isomers.
[016] Unless otherwise provided, formulae and structures depicted herein include compounds that do not include isotopically enriched atoms, and also include compounds that include isotopically enriched atoms (“isotopically labeled derivatives”). For example, compounds having the present structures except for the replacement of hydrogen by deuterium or tritium, replacement of 19F with 18F, or the replacement of a carbon by a 13C- or 14C -enriched carbon are within the scope of the disclosure. Such compounds are useful, for example, as analytical tools or probes in biological assays. The term “isotopes” refers to variants of a particular chemical element such that, while all isotopes of a given element share the same number of protons in each atom of the element, those isotopes differ in the number of neutrons.
[017] When a range of values (“range”) is listed, it encompasses each value and sub-range within the range. A range is inclusive of the values at the two ends of the range unless otherwise provided. For example “Ci-6 alkyl” encompasses, Ci, C2, C3, C4, C5, Ce, C1-6, C1-5, CIM, C1-3, C1-2, C2-6, C2-5, C2-4, C2-3, C3-6, C3-5, C ; 4, C 6, C4-5, and C5-6 alkyl.
[018] Use of the phrase “at least one instance” refers to 1, 2, 3, 4, or more instances, but also encompasses a range, e.g., for example, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 3, from 1 to 2, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 3, or from 3 to 4 instances, inclusive.
[019] The term “aliphatic” refers to alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and carbocyclic groups. Likewise, the term “heteroaliphatic” refers to heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, and heterocyclic groups.
[020] The term “alkyl” refers to a radical of a straight-chain or branched saturated hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms (“C1-20 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 12 carbon atoms (“C1-12 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 10 carbon atoms (“Cuo alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 9 carbon atoms (“C1-9 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 8 carbon atoms (“C1-8 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 7 carbon atoms (“C1-7 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 6 carbon atoms (“C1-6 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 5 carbon atoms (“C1-5 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 4 carbon atoms (“CM alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 3 carbon atoms (“C1-3 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 to 2 carbon atoms (“C1-2 alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 1 carbon atom (“Ci alkyl”). In some embodiments, an alkyl group has 2 to 6 carbon atoms (“C2-6 alkyl”). Examples of C1-6 alkyl groups include methyl (Ci), ethyl (C2), propyl (C3) (e.g., n-propyl, isopropyl), butyl (C4) e.g., //-butyl, tert-butyl, sec -butyl, isobutyl), pentyl (C5) e.g., / -pentyl, 3-pentanyl, amyl, neopentyl, 3- methyl-2-butanyl, tert-amyl), and hexyl (Ce) (e.g., //-hexyl). Additional examples of alkyl groups include n- heptyl (C7), n-octyl (Cs), //-dodecyl (C12), and the like. Unless otherwise specified, each instance of an alkyl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted alkyl”) or substituted (a “substituted alkyl”) with one or more substituents (e.g., halogen, such as F). In certain embodiments, the alkyl group is an unsubstituted Ci- 12 alkyl (such as unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, e.g., -CH3 (Me), unsubstituted ethyl (Et), unsubstituted propyl (Pr, e.g., unsubstituted n-propyl (n-Pr), unsubstituted isopropyl (z'-Pr)), unsubstituted butyl (Bu, e.g., unsubstituted //-butyl (//-Bu), unsubstituted tert-butyl (tert-Bu or t-Bu), unsubstituted sec -butyl (sec-Bu or s-Bu), unsubstituted isobutyl (z'-Bu)). In certain embodiments, the alkyl group is a substituted C1-12 alkyl (such as substituted Ci 6 alkyl, e.g., -CH2F, -CHF2, -CF3, -CH2CH2F, -CH2CHF2, -CH2CF3, or benzyl (Bn)). [021] The term “haloalkyl” is a substituted alkyl group, wherein one or more of the hydrogen atoms are independently replaced by a halogen, e.g., fluoro, bromo, chloro, or iodo. “Perhaloalkyl” is a subset of haloalkyl and refers to an alkyl group wherein all of the hydrogen atoms are independently replaced by a halogen, e.g., fluoro, bromo, chloro, or iodo. In some embodiments, the haloalkyl moiety has 1 to 20 carbon atoms (“Ci-2o haloalkyl”). In some embodiments, the haloalkyl moiety has 1 to 10 carbon atoms (“Cuo haloalkyl”). In some embodiments, the haloalkyl moiety has 1 to 9 carbon atoms (“C1-9 haloalkyl”). In some embodiments, the haloalkyl moiety has 1 to 8 carbon atoms (“Ci-s haloalkyl”). In some embodiments, the haloalkyl moiety has 1 to 7 carbon atoms (“C1-7 haloalkyl”). In some embodiments, the haloalkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms (“C1-6 haloalkyl”). In some embodiments, the haloalkyl moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms (“C1-5 haloalkyl”). In some embodiments, the haloalkyl moiety has 1 to 4 carbon atoms (“CM haloalkyl”). In some embodiments, the haloalkyl moiety has 1 to 3 carbon atoms (“C1-3 haloalkyl”). In some embodiments, the haloalkyl moiety has 1 to 2 carbon atoms (“C1-2 haloalkyl”). In some embodiments, all of the haloalkyl hydrogen atoms are independently replaced with fluoro to provide a “perfluoroalkyl” group. In some embodiments, all of the haloalkyl hydrogen atoms are independently replaced with chloro to provide a “perchloroalkyl” group. Examples of haloalkyl groups include -CHF2, -CH2F, -CF3, -CH2CF3, -CF2CF3, -CF2CF2CF3, -CC13, -CFC12, -CF2C1, and the like.
[022] The term “heteroalkyl” refers to an alkyl group, which further includes at least one heteroatom (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms) selected from oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur within e.g., inserted between adjacent carbon atoms of) and/or placed at one or more terminal position(s) of the parent chain. In certain embodiments, a heteroalkyl group refers to a saturated group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“Ci-2o heteroalkyl”). In certain embodiments, a heteroalkyl group refers to a saturated group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“C1-12 heteroalkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“Cm heteroalkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“Cuo heteroalkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“C1-9 heteroalkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“C1-8 heteroalkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“C1-7 heteroalkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“C1-6 heteroalkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms and 1 or 2 heteroatoms within the parent chain (“C1-5 heteroalkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and lor 2 heteroatoms within the parent chain (“CM heteroalkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and 1 heteroatom within the parent chain (“C1-3 heteroalkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms and 1 heteroatom within the parent chain (“C1-2 heteroalkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 1 carbon atom and 1 heteroatom (“Ci heteroalkyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkyl group is a saturated group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms and 1 or 2 heteroatoms within the parent chain (“C2-6 heteroalkyl”). Unless otherwise specified, each instance of a heteroalkyl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted heteroalkyl”) or substituted (a “substituted heteroalkyl”) with one or more substituents.
[023] The term “alkenyl” refers to a radical of a straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and one or more carbon-carbon double bonds (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4 double bonds). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 1 to 20 carbon atoms (“C1-20 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 1 to 12 carbon atoms (“C1-12 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 1 to 11 carbon atoms (“Cm alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 1 to 10 carbon atoms (“CHO alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 1 to 9 carbon atoms (“C1-9 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 1 to 8 carbon atoms (“C1-8 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 1 to 7 carbon atoms (“C1-7 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 1 to 6 carbon atoms (“C1-6 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 1 to 5 carbon atoms (“C1-5 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 1 to 4 carbon atoms (“CIM alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 1 to 3 carbon atoms (“C1-3 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 1 to 2 carbon atoms (“C1-2 alkenyl”). In some embodiments, an alkenyl group has 1 carbon atom (“Ci alkenyl”). The one or more carbon-carbon double bonds can be internal (such as in 2-butenyl) or terminal (such as in 1-butenyl). Examples of CIM alkenyl groups include methylidenyl (Ci), ethenyl (C2), 1-propenyl (C3), 2-propenyl (C3), 1- butenyl (C4), 2-butenyl (C4), butadienyl (C4), and the like. Examples of C1-6 alkenyl groups include the aforementioned C2-4 alkenyl groups as well as pentenyl (C5), pentadienyl (C5), hexenyl (Ce), and the like. Additional examples of alkenyl include heptenyl (C7), octenyl (Cs), octatrienyl (Cs), and the like. Unless otherwise specified, each instance of an alkenyl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted alkenyl”) or substituted (a “substituted alkenyl”) with one or more substituents. In an alkenyl group, a C=C double bond for which the stereochemistry is not specified e.g., -CH=CHCH3 or
Figure imgf000008_0001
may be in the
(E)- or (Z)-configuration.
[024] The term “heteroalkenyl” refers to an alkenyl group, which further includes at least one heteroatom e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms) selected from oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur within (e.g., inserted between adjacent carbon atoms of) and/or placed at one or more terminal position(s) of the parent chain. In certain embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group refers to a group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“C1-20 heteroalkenyl”). In certain embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group refers to a group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“C1-12 heteroalkenyl”). In certain embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group refers to a group having from 1 to 11 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“Cm heteroalkenyl”). In certain embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group refers to a group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“CHO heteroalkenyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group has 1 to 9 carbon atoms at least one double bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“C1-9 heteroalkenyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group has 1 to 8 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“Ci-s heteroalkenyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group has 1 to 7 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“C1-7 heteroalkenyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group has Ito 6 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“C1-6 heteroalkenyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group has 1 to 5 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or 2 heteroatoms within the parent chain (“C1-5 heteroalkenyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group has 1 to 4 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or 2 heteroatoms within the parent chain (“CM heteroalkenyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group has 1 to 3 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 heteroatom within the parent chain (“C1-3 heteroalkenyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group has 1 to 2 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 heteroatom within the parent chain (“C1-2 heteroalkenyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkenyl group has 1 to 6 carbon atoms, at least one double bond, and 1 or 2 heteroatoms within the parent chain (“C1-6 heteroalkenyl”). Unless otherwise specified, each instance of a heteroalkenyl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted heteroalkenyl”) or substituted (a “substituted heteroalkenyl”) with one or more substituents.
[025] The term “alkynyl” refers to a radical of a straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4 triple bonds) (“C1-20 alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 1 to 10 carbon atoms (“Cno alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 1 to 9 carbon atoms (“C1-9 alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 1 to 8 carbon atoms (“Ci s alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 1 to 7 carbon atoms (“C1-7 alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 1 to 6 carbon atoms (“C1-6 alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 1 to 5 carbon atoms (“C1-5 alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 1 to 4 carbon atoms (“C1-4 alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 1 to 3 carbon atoms (“C1-3 alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 1 to 2 carbon atoms (“C1-2 alkynyl”). In some embodiments, an alkynyl group has 1 carbon atom (“Ci alkynyl”). The one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds can be internal (such as in 2-butynyl) or terminal (such as in 1-butynyl). Examples of C1-4 alkynyl groups include, without limitation, methylidynyl (Ci), ethynyl (C2), 1-propynyl (C3), 2- propynyl (C3), 1-butynyl (C4), 2-butynyl (C4), and the like. Examples of C1-6 alkenyl groups include the aforementioned C2-4 alkynyl groups as well as pentynyl (C5), hexynyl (Ce), and the like. Additional examples of alkynyl include heptynyl (C7), octynyl (Cs), and the like. Unless otherwise specified, each instance of an alkynyl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted alkynyl”) or substituted (a “substituted alkynyl”) with one or more substituents.
[026] The term “heteroalkynyl” refers to an alkynyl group, which further includes at least one heteroatom (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms) selected from oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur within (e.g., inserted between adjacent carbon atoms of) and/or placed at one or more terminal position(s) of the parent chain. In certain embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group refers to a group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“C1-20 heteroalkynyl”). In certain embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group refers to a group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“Cuo heteroalkynyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group has 1 to 9 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“C1-9 heteroalkynyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group has 1 to 8 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“Ci-s heteroalkynyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group has 1 to 7 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“C1-7 heteroalkynyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group has 1 to 6 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 or more heteroatoms within the parent chain (“C1-6 heteroalkynyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group has 1 to 5 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 or 2 heteroatoms within the parent chain (“C1-5 heteroalkynyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group has 1 to 4 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and lor 2 heteroatoms within the parent chain (“Ci^ heteroalkynyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group has 1 to 3 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 heteroatom within the parent chain (“C1-3 heteroalkynyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group has 1 to 2 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 heteroatom within the parent chain (“heteroCi-2 alkynyl”). In some embodiments, a heteroalkynyl group has 1 to 6 carbon atoms, at least one triple bond, and 1 or 2 heteroatoms within the parent chain (“heteroCi-6 alkynyl”). Unless otherwise specified, each instance of a heteroalkynyl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted heteroalkynyl”) or substituted (a “substituted heteroalkynyl”) with one or more substituents.
[027] The term “carbocyclyl” or “carbocyclic” refers to a radical of a non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon group having from 3 to 14 ring carbon atoms (“C3-14 carbocyclyl”) and zero heteroatoms in the non-aromatic ring system. In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 3 to 14 ring carbon atoms (“C3-14 carbocyclyl”). In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 3 to 13 ring carbon atoms (“C3-13 carbocyclyl”). In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 3 to 12 ring carbon atoms (“C3-12 carbocyclyl”). In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 3 to 11 ring carbon atoms (“C3-11 carbocyclyl”). In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 3 to 10 ring carbon atoms (“C3-10 carbocyclyl”). In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 3 to 8 ring carbon atoms (“C3-8 carbocyclyl”). In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 3 to 7 ring carbon atoms (“C3-7 carbocyclyl”). In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms (“C3-6 carbocyclyl”). In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 4 to 6 ring carbon atoms (“C4-6 carbocyclyl”). In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 5 to 6 ring carbon atoms (“C5-6 carbocyclyl”). In some embodiments, a carbocyclyl group has 5 to 10 ring carbon atoms (“C5 -10 carbocyclyl”). Exemplary C3-6 carbocyclyl groups include cyclopropyl (C3), cyclopropenyl (C3), cyclobutyl (C4), cyclobutenyl (C4), cyclopentyl (C5), cyclopentenyl (C5), cyclohexyl (Ce), cyclohexenyl (Ce), cyclohexadienyl (Ce), and the like. Exemplary C3-8 carbocyclyl groups include the aforementioned C3-6 carbocyclyl groups as well as cycloheptyl (C7), cycloheptenyl (C7), cycloheptadienyl (C7), cycloheptatrienyl (C7), cyclooctyl (Cs), cyclooctenyl (Cs), bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl (C7), bicyclo[2.2.2]octanyl (Cs), and the like. Exemplary C3-10 carbocyclyl groups include the aforementioned C3-8 carbocyclyl groups as well as cyclononyl (C9), cyclononenyl (C9), cyclodecyl (Cw), cyclodecenyl (Cw), octahydro- 1 H-indenyl (C9), decahydronaphthalenyl (Cw), spiro[4.5]decanyl (Cw), and the like. Exemplary C3-8 carbocyclyl groups include the aforementioned C3 10 carbocyclyl groups as well as cycloundecyl (Cn), spiro[5.5]undecanyl (Cn), cyclododecyl (C12), cyclododecenyl (C12), cyclotridecane (C13), cyclotetradecane (CM), and the like. As the foregoing examples illustrate, in certain embodiments, the carbocyclyl group is either monocyclic (“monocyclic carbocyclyl”) or polycyclic (e.g., containing a fused, bridged or spiro ring system such as a bicyclic system (“bicyclic carbocyclyl”) or tricyclic system (“tricyclic carbocyclyl”)) and can be saturated or can contain one or more carbon-carbon double or triple bonds. “Carbocyclyl” also includes ring systems wherein the carbocyclyl ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more aryl or heteroaryl groups wherein the point of attachment is on the carbocyclyl ring, and in such instances, the number of carbons continue to designate the number of carbons in the carbocyclic ring system. Unless otherwise specified, each instance of a carbocyclyl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted carbocyclyl”) or substituted (a “substituted carbocyclyl”) with one or more substituents.
[028] In some embodiments, “carbocyclyl” is a monocyclic, saturated carbocyclyl group having from 3 to 14 ring carbon atoms (“C3-14 cycloalkyl”). In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 3 to 10 ring carbon atoms (“C3 10 cycloalkyl”). In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 3 to 8 ring carbon atoms (“C3-8 cycloalkyl”). In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms (“C3-6 cycloalkyl”). In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 4 to 6 ring carbon atoms (“C4-6 cycloalkyl”). In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 5 to 6 ring carbon atoms (“C5-6 cycloalkyl”). In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 5 to 10 ring carbon atoms (“C5 -10 cycloalkyl”). Examples of C5-6 cycloalkyl groups include cyclopentyl (C5) and cyclohexyl (C5). Examples of C3-6 cycloalkyl groups include the aforementioned C5-6 cycloalkyl groups as well as cyclopropyl (C3) and cyclobutyl (C4). Examples of C3-8 cycloalkyl groups include the aforementioned C3-6 cycloalkyl groups as well as cycloheptyl (C7) and cyclooctyl (Cs). Unless otherwise specified, each instance of a cycloalkyl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted cycloalkyl”) or substituted (a “substituted cycloalkyl”) with one or more substituents. In certain embodiments, the carbocyclyl includes 0, 1, or 2 C=C double bonds in the carbocyclic ring system, as valency permits.
[029] The term “heterocyclyl” or “heterocyclic” refers to a radical of a 3- to 14-membered non-aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1 to 4 ring heteroatoms, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur (“3-14 membered heterocyclyl”). In heterocyclyl groups that contain one or more nitrogen atoms, the point of attachment can be a carbon or nitrogen atom, as valency permits. A heterocyclyl group can either be monocyclic (“monocyclic heterocyclyl”) or polycyclic (e.g., a fused, bridged or spiro ring system such as a bicyclic system (“bicyclic heterocyclyl”) or tricyclic system (“bicyclic heterocyclyl”)), and can be saturated or can contain one or more carbon-carbon double or triple bonds. Heterocyclyl polycyclic ring systems can include one or more heteroatoms in one or both rings. “Heterocyclyl” also includes ring systems wherein the heterocyclyl ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more carbocyclyl groups wherein the point of attachment is either on the carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl ring, or ring systems wherein the heterocyclyl ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more aryl or heteroaryl groups, wherein the point of attachment is on the heterocyclyl ring, and in such instances, the number of ring members continue to designate the number of ring members in the heterocyclyl ring system. Unless otherwise specified, each instance of heterocyclyl is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted heterocyclyl”) or substituted (a “substituted heterocyclyl”) with one or more substituents. In certain embodiments, the heterocyclyl is substituted or unsubstituted, 3- to 8-membered, monocyclic heterocyclyl, wherein 1, 2, or 3 atoms in the heterocyclic ring system are independently oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur, as valency permits.
[030] In some embodiments, a heterocyclyl group is a 5-10 membered non-aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1-4 ring heteroatoms, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur (“5-10 membered heterocyclyl”). In some embodiments, a heterocyclyl group is a 5-8 membered non-aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1-4 ring heteroatoms, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur (“5-8 membered heterocyclyl”). In some embodiments, a heterocyclyl group is a 5-6 membered non-aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1-4 ring heteroatoms, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur (“5-6 membered heterocyclyl”). In some embodiments, the 5-6 membered heterocyclyl has 1-3 ring heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the 5-6 membered heterocyclyl has 1-2 ring heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the 5-6 membered heterocyclyl has 1 ring heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
[031] Exemplary 3-membered heterocyclyl groups containing 1 heteroatom include azirdinyl, oxiranyl, and thiiranyl. Exemplary 4-membered heterocyclyl groups containing 1 heteroatom include azetidinyl, oxetanyl, and thietanyl. Exemplary 5-membered heterocyclyl groups containing 1 heteroatom include tetrahydrofuranyl, dihydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, dihydrothiophenyl, pyrrolidinyl, dihydropyrrolyl, and pyrrolyl-2,5- dione. Exemplary 5-membered heterocyclyl groups containing 2 heteroatoms include dioxolanyl, oxathiolanyl and dithiolanyl. Exemplary 5-membered heterocyclyl groups containing 3 heteroatoms include triazolinyl, oxadiazolinyl, and thiadiazolinyl. Exemplary 6-membered heterocyclyl groups containing 1 heteroatom include piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dihydropyridinyl, and thianyl. Exemplary 6-membered heterocyclyl groups containing 2 heteroatoms include piperazinyl, morpholinyl, dithianyl, and dioxanyl. Exemplary 6- membered heterocyclyl groups containing 3 heteroatoms include triazinyl. Exemplary 7-membered heterocyclyl groups containing 1 heteroatom include azepanyl, oxepanyl and thiepanyl. Exemplary 8- membered heterocyclyl groups containing 1 heteroatom include azocanyl, oxecanyl and thiocanyl. Exemplary bicyclic heterocyclyl groups include indolinyl, isoindolinyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, dihydrobenzothienyl, tetrahydrobenzothienyl, tetrahydrobenzofuranyl, tetrahydroindolyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, decahydroquinolinyl, decahydroisoquinolinyl, octahydrochromenyl, octahydroisochromenyl, decahydronaphthyridinyl, decahydro-1 ,8-naphthyridinyl, octahydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole, indolinyl, phthalimidyl, naphthalimidyl, chromanyl, chromenyl, lH-benzo[e][l,4]diazepinyl, 1,4,5,7-tetrahydro- pyrano[3,4-b]pyrrolyl, 5,6-dihydro-4H-furo[3,2-b]pyrrolyl, 6,7-dihydro-5H-furo[3,2-b]pyranyl, 5,7-dihydro- 4H-thieno[2,3-c]pyranyl, 2,3-dihydro-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridinyl, 2,3-dihydrofuro[2,3-b]pyridinyl, 4, 5,6,7- tetrahydro-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridinyl, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrofuro[3,2-c]pyridinyl, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2- b]pyridinyl, l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-l,6-naphthyridinyl, and the like.
[032] The term “aryl” refers to a radical of a monocyclic or polycyclic (e.g., bicyclic or tricyclic) 4n+2 aromatic ring system (e.g., having 6, 10, or 14 71 electrons shared in a cyclic array) having 6-14 ring carbon atoms and zero heteroatoms provided in the aromatic ring system (“Ce -14 aryl”). In some embodiments, an aryl group has 6 ring carbon atoms (“Ce aryl”; e.g., phenyl). In some embodiments, an aryl group has 10 ring carbon atoms (“C10 aryl”; e.g., naphthyl such as 1-naphthyl and 2-naphthyl). In some embodiments, an aryl group has 14 ring carbon atoms (“C14 aryl”; e.g., anthracyl). “Aryl” also includes ring systems wherein the aryl ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl groups wherein the radical or point of attachment is on the aryl ring, and in such instances, the number of carbon atoms continue to designate the number of carbon atoms in the aryl ring system. Unless otherwise specified, each instance of an aryl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted aryl”) or substituted (a “substituted aryl”) with one or more substituents.
[033] The term “heteroaryl” refers to a radical of a 5-14 membered monocyclic or polycyclic (e.g., bicyclic, tricyclic) 4n+2 aromatic ring system e.g., having 6, 10, or 14 71 electrons shared in a cyclic array) having ring carbon atoms and 1-4 ring heteroatoms provided in the aromatic ring system, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur (“5-14 membered heteroaryl”). In heteroaryl groups that contain one or more nitrogen atoms, the point of attachment can be a carbon or nitrogen atom, as valency permits. Heteroaryl polycyclic ring systems can include one or more heteroatoms in one or both rings. “Heteroaryl” includes ring systems wherein the heteroaryl ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl groups wherein the point of attachment is on the heteroaryl ring, and in such instances, the number of ring members continue to designate the number of ring members in the heteroaryl ring system. “Heteroaryl” also includes ring systems wherein the heteroaryl ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more aryl groups wherein the point of attachment is either on the aryl or heteroaryl ring, and in such instances, the number of ring members designates the number of ring members in the fused polycyclic (aryl/heteroaryl) ring system. Polycyclic heteroaryl groups wherein one ring does not contain a heteroatom (e.g., indolyl, quinolinyl, carbazolyl, and the like) the point of attachment can be on either ring, e.g., either the ring bearing a heteroatom (e.g., 2-indolyl) or the ring that does not contain a heteroatom (e.g., 5-indolyl). In certain embodiments, the heteroaryl is substituted or unsubstituted, 5- or 6-membered, monocyclic heteroaryl, wherein 1, 2, 3, or 4 atoms in the heteroaryl ring system are independently oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur. In certain embodiments, the heteroaryl is substituted or unsubstituted, 9- or 10-membered, bicyclic heteroaryl, wherein 1, 2, 3, or 4 atoms in the heteroaryl ring system are independently oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur.
[034] In some embodiments, a heteroaryl group is a 5-10 membered aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1-4 ring heteroatoms provided in the aromatic ring system, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur (“5-10 membered heteroaryl”). In some embodiments, a heteroaryl group is a 5-8 membered aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1-4 ring heteroatoms provided in the aromatic ring system, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur (“5-8 membered heteroaryl”). In some embodiments, a heteroaryl group is a 5-6 membered aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1^1 ring heteroatoms provided in the aromatic ring system, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur (“5-6 membered heteroaryl”). In some embodiments, the 5-6 membered heteroaryl has 1-3 ring heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the 5-6 membered heteroaryl has 1-2 ring heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, the 5-6 membered heteroaryl has 1 ring heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Unless otherwise specified, each instance of a heteroaryl group is independently unsubstituted (an “unsubstituted heteroaryl”) or substituted (a “substituted heteroaryl”) with one or more substituents.
[035] Exemplary 5-membered heteroaryl groups containing 1 heteroatom include pyrrolyl, furanyl, and thiophenyl. Exemplary 5-membered heteroaryl groups containing 2 heteroatoms include imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, and isothiazolyl. Exemplary 5-membered heteroaryl groups containing 3 heteroatoms include triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, and thiadiazolyl. Exemplary 5 -membered heteroaryl groups containing 4 heteroatoms include tetrazolyl. Exemplary 6-membered heteroaryl groups containing 1 heteroatom include pyridinyl. Exemplary 6-membered heteroaryl groups containing 2 heteroatoms include pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, and pyrazinyl. Exemplary 6-membered heteroaryl groups containing 3 or 4 heteroatoms include triazinyl and tetrazinyl, respectively. Exemplary 7-membered heteroaryl groups containing 1 heteroatom include azepinyl, oxepinyl, and thiepinyl. Exemplary 5,6-bicyclic heteroaryl groups include indolyl, isoindolyl, indazolyl, benzotriazolyl, benzothiophenyl, isobenzothiophenyl, benzofuranyl, benzoisofuranyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, benzthiazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzthiadiazolyl, indolizinyl, and purinyl. Exemplary 6,6-bicyclic heteroaryl groups include naphthyridinyl, pteridinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, cinnolinyl, quinoxalinyl, phthalazinyl, and quinazolinyl. Exemplary tricyclic heteroaryl groups include phenanthridinyl, dibenzofuranyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, and phenazinyl.
[036] “Carbocyclylalkyl” is a subset of “alkyl” and refers to an alkyl group substituted by a carbocyclyl group, wherein the point of attachment is on the alkyl group (e.g., “optionally substituted Cs s carbocyclyl Ci-6 alkyl” is a Ci-6 alkyl group substituted by a Cs s carbocyclyl group, wherein the point of attachment is on the alkyl group, and both the alkyl and carbocyclyl groups are optionally further substituted).
[037] “Arylalkyl” is a subset of “alkyl” and refers to an alkyl group substituted by an aryl group, wherein the point of attachment is on the alkyl group (e.g., “optionally substituted C w aryl Ci-6 alkyl” is a Ci-6 alkyl group substituted by a Ce-io aryl group, wherein the point of attachment is on the alkyl group, and both the alkyl and aryl groups are optionally further substituted).
[038] “Heterocyclylalkyl” is a subset of “alkyl” and refers to an alkyl group substituted by a heterocyclyl group, wherein the point of attachment is on the alkyl group (e.g., “optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl Ci-6 alkyl” is a Ci-6 alkyl group substituted by a 3-8 membered heterocyclyl group, wherein the point of attachment is on the alkyl group, and both the alkyl and heterocyclyl groups are optionally further substituted).
[039] “Heteroarylalkyl” is a subset of “alkyl” and refers to an alkyl group substituted by a heteroaryl group, wherein the point of attachment is on the alkyl group (e.g., “optionally substituted C5-10 heteroaryl C1-6 alkyl” is a C1-6 alkyl group substituted by a C5 10 heteroaryl group, wherein the point of attachment is on the alkyl group, and both the alkyl and heteroaryl groups are optionally further substituted).
[040] The term “acyl” refers to a group having the general formula -C(=O)Raa, -C(=O)ORaa, -C(=O)-O-C(=O)Raa, -C(=O)SRaa, -C(=O)N(Rbb)2, -C(=S)Raa, -C(=S)N(Rbb)2, and -C(=S)S(Raa), -C(=NRbb)Raa, -C(=NRbb)ORaa, -C(=NRbb)SRaa, and -C(=NRbb)N(Rbb)2, wherein Raa and Rbb are as defined herein. Exemplary acyl groups include aldehydes (-CHO), carboxylic acids (-CO2H), ketones, acyl halides, esters, amides, imines, carbonates, carbamates, and ureas.
[041] The term “halo” or “halogen” refers to fluorine (fluoro, -F), chlorine (chloro, -Cl), bromine (bromo, -Br), or iodine (iodo, -I).
[042] The term “silyl” refers to the group -Si(Raa)3, wherein Raa is as defined herein.
[043] The term “unsaturated bond” refers to a double or triple bond. The term “unsaturated” or “partially unsaturated” refers to a moiety that includes at least one double or triple bond. The term “saturated” or “fully saturated” refers to a moiety that does not contain a double or triple bond, e.g., the moiety only contains single bonds.
[044] Affixing the suffix “-ene” to a group indicates the group is a divalent moiety, e.g., alkylene is the divalent moiety of alkyl, alkenylene is the divalent moiety of alkenyl, alkynylene is the divalent moiety of alkynyl, heteroalkylene is the divalent moiety of heteroalkyl, heteroalkenylene is the divalent moiety of heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynylene is the divalent moiety of heteroalkynyl, carbocyclylene is the divalent moiety of carbocyclyl, heterocyclylene is the divalent moiety of heterocyclyl, arylene is the divalent moiety of aryl, and heteroarylene is the divalent moiety of heteroaryl.
[045] A group is optionally substituted unless expressly provided otherwise. The term “optionally substituted” refers to being substituted or unsubstituted. In certain embodiments, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl groups are optionally substituted. “Optionally substituted” refers to a group which is substituted or unsubstituted e.g., “substituted” or “unsubstituted” alkyl, “substituted” or “unsubstituted” alkenyl, “substituted” or “unsubstituted” alkynyl, “substituted” or “unsubstituted” heteroalkyl, “substituted” or “unsubstituted” heteroalkenyl, “substituted” or “unsubstituted” heteroalkynyl, “substituted” or “unsubstituted” carbocyclyl, “substituted” or “unsubstituted” heterocyclyl, “substituted” or “unsubstituted” aryl or “substituted” or “unsubstituted” heteroaryl group). In general, the term “substituted” means that at least one hydrogen present on a group is replaced with a permissible substituent, e.g., a substituent which upon substitution results in a stable compound, e.g., a compound which does not spontaneously undergo transformation such as by rearrangement, cyclization, elimination, or other reaction. Unless otherwise indicated, a “substituted” group has a substituent at one or more substitutable positions of the group, and when more than one position in any given structure is substituted, the substituent is either the same or different at each position. The term “substituted” is contemplated to include substitution with all permissible substituents of organic compounds and includes any of the substituents described herein that results in the formation of a stable compound. The present disclosure contemplates any and all such combinations in order to arrive at a stable compound. For purposes of this disclosure, heteroatoms such as nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur may have hydrogen substituents and/or any suitable substituent as described herein which satisfy the valencies of the heteroatoms and results in the formation of a stable moiety. The embodiments described herein are not limited in any manner by the exemplary substituents described herein. [046] Exemplary substituents (e.g., carbon atom substituents) include halogen, -CN, -NO2, -N3, -SO2H, -SO3H, -OH, -ORaa, -ON(Rbb)2, -N(Rbb)2, -N(Rbb)3 +X-, -N(ORcc)Rbb, -SH, -SRaa, -SSRCC, -C(=O)Raa, -CO2H, -CHO, -C(ORCC)2, -CO2Raa, -OC(=O)Raa, -OCO2Raa, -C(=O)N(Rbb)2, -OC(=O)N(Rbb)2, -NRbbC(=O)Raa, -NRbbCO2Raa, -NRbbC(=O)N(Rbb)2, -C(=NRbb)Raa, -C(=NRbb)ORaa, -OC(=NRbb)Raa, -OC(=NRbb)ORaa, -C(=NRbb)N(Rbb)2, -OC(=NRbb)N(Rbb)2, -NRbbC(=NRbb)N(Rbb)2, -C(=O)NRbbSO2Raa, -NRbbSO2Raa, -SO2N(Rbb)2, -SO2Raa, -SO2ORaa, -OSO2Raa, -S(=O)Raa, -OS(=O)Raa, -Si(Raa)3, -OSi(Raa)3 -C(=S)N(Rbb)2, -C(=O)SRaa, -C(=S)SRaa, -SC(=S)SRaa, -SC(=O)SRaa, -OC(=O)SRaa, -SC(=O)ORaa, -SC(=O)Raa, -P(=O)(Raa)2, -P(=O)(ORCC)2, -OP(=O)(Raa)2, -OP(=O)(ORCC)2, -P(=O)(N(Rbb)2)2, -OP(=O)(N(Rbb)2)2, -NRbbP(=O)(Raa)2, -NRbbP(=O)(ORcc)2, -NRbbP(=O)(N(Rbb)2)2, -P(RCC)2, -P(ORCC)2, -P(RCC)3 +X", -P(ORCC)3 +X-, -P(RCC)4, -P(ORCC)4, -OP(RCC)2, -OP(RCC)3 +X-, -OP(ORCC)2, -OP(ORCC)3 +X-, -OP(RCC)4, -OP(ORcc)4, -B(Raa)2, -B(ORCC)2, -BRaa(ORcc), C 1 20 alkyl, C 1 20 perhaloalkyl, C 1 20 alkenyl, C 1 20 alkynyl, C1-20 heteroalkyl, C1-20 heteroalkenyl, C1-20 heteroalkynyl, C3-10 carbocyclyl, 3-14 membered heterocyclyl, Ce i4 aryl, and 5-14 membered heteroaryl, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rdd groups; wherein X“ is a counterion; or two geminal hydrogens on a carbon atom are replaced with the group =0, =S, =NN(Rbb)2, =NNRbbC(=0)Raa, =NNRbbC(=0)0Raa, =NNRbbS(=O)2Raa, =NRbb, or =NORCC; wherein: each instance of Raj is, independently, selected from C1-20 alkyl, C1-20 perhaloalkyl, C1-20 alkenyl, C1-20 alkynyl, C1-20 heteroalkyl, C1-20 heteroalkenyl, C1-20 heteroalkynyl, C3-10 carbocyclyl, 3- 14 membered heterocyclyl, Ce i4 aryl, and 5-14 membered heteroaryl, or two Raj groups are joined to form a 3-14 membered heterocyclyl or 5-14 membered heteroaryl ring, wherein each of the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rdd groups; each instance of Rbb is, independently, selected from hydrogen, -OH, -OR33, -N(RCC)2, -CN, -C(=O)Raa, -C(=0)N(RCC)2, -CO^, -SO2Raa, -C(=NRcc)0Raa, -C(=NRCC)N(RCC)2, -SO2N(RCC)2, -SO2RCC, -SO2ORCC, -SORaa, -C(=S)N(RCC)2, -C(=O)SRCC, -C(=S)SRCC, -P(=O)(Raa)2, -P(=O)(ORCC)2, -P(=O)(N(RCC)2)2, CI-20 alkyl, C1-20 perhaloalkyl, Ci-2o alkenyl, Ci-2o alkynyl, C1-20 heteroalkyl, C1-20 heteroalkenyl, C1-20 heteroalkynyl, C3-10 carbocyclyl, 3-14 membered heterocyclyl, C'(, _i4 aryl, and 5-14 membered heteroaryl, or two Rbb groups are joined to form a 3-14 membered heterocyclyl or 5-14 membered heteroaryl ring, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rdd groups; each instance of Rcc is, independently, selected from hydrogen, Ci-2o alkyl, C1-20 perhaloalkyl, Ci-2o alkenyl, C1-20 alkynyl, C1-20 heteroalkyl, Ci-2o heteroalkenyl, Ci-2o heteroalkynyl, C3-10 carbocyclyl, 3-14 membered heterocyclyl, Ce i4 aryl, and 5-14 membered heteroaryl, or two Rcc groups are joined to form a 3-14 membered heterocyclyl or 5-14 membered heteroaryl ring, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rdd groups; each instance of Rdd is, independently, selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, -N3, -SO2H, -SO3H, -OH, -ORee, -0N(Rff)2, -N(Rff)2, -N(Rff)3 +X-, -N(ORee)Rff, -SH, -SRee, -SSRee, -C(=O)Ree, -CO2H, -CO2Ree, -OC(=O)Ree, -OCO2Ree, -C(=O)N(Rff)2, -OC(=O)N(Rff)2, -NRffC(=O)Ree, -NRffCO2Ree, -NRffC(=O)N(Rff)2, -C(=NRff)ORee, -OC(=NRff)Ree, -OC(=NRff)ORee, -C(=NRff)N(Rff)2, -OC(=NRff)N(Rff)2, -NRffC(=NRff)N(Rff)2, -NRffSO2Ree, -SO2N(Rff)2, -SO2Ree, -SO2ORee, -OSO2Ree, -S(=O)Ree, -Si(Ree)3, -OSi(Ree)3, -C(=S)N(Rff)2, -C(=O)SRee, -C(=S)SRee, -SC(=S)SRee, -P(=O)(ORee)2, -P(=O)(Ree)2, -OP(=O)(Ree)2, -OP(=O)(ORee)2, Ci-10 alkyl, Cuo perhaloalkyl, Cuo alkenyl, Cuo alkynyl, Cuo heteroalkyl, Cuo heteroalkenyl, Cuo heteroalkynyl, C3-10 carbocyclyl, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, Co 10 aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 REE groups, or two geminal Rdd substituents are joined to form =0 or =S; wherein X“ is a counterion; each instance of Ree is, independently, selected from Cuo alkyl, Cuo perhaloalkyl, Cuo alkenyl, Cuo alkynyl, Cuo heteroalkyl, Cuo heteroalkenyl, Cuo heteroalkynyl, C3-10 carbocyclyl, Co 10 aryl, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, and 3-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 REE groups; each instance of Rff is, independently, selected from hydrogen, Cuo alkyl, Cuo perhaloalkyl, Cuo alkenyl, Cuo alkynyl, Cuo heteroalkyl, Cuo heteroalkenyl, Cuo heteroalkynyl, C3-10 carbocyclyl, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, Co 10 aryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, or two Rff groups are joined to form a 3-10 membered heterocyclyl or 5-10 membered heteroaryl ring, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 REE groups; each instance of REE is, independently, halogen, -CN, -NO2, -N3, -SO2H, -SO3H, -OH, -OCW alkyl, -ON(Ci 6 alkyl)2, -N(CI-6 alkyl)2, -N(CI-6 alkyl)3 +X- -NH(Ci 6 alkyl)2 +X-, -NH2(CI 6 alkyl) +X", -NH3 +X", -N(0CIM alkyl)(C« alkyl), -N(OH)(CW alkyl), -NH(OH), -SH, -SCIM alkyl, -SSICi 6 alkyl), -C(=O)(CW alkyl), -CO2H, -CO2(CIM alkyl), -OC(=O)(C« alkyl), -OCO2(C« alkyl), -C(=O)NH2, -C(=O)N(CW alkyl)2, -OC(=O)NH(Ci 6 alkyl), -NHC(=O)( CM alkyl), -N(Ci- 6 alkyl)C(=O)( CIM alkyl), -NHCO2(C I 6 alkyl), -NHC(=O)N(CIM alkyl)2, -NHC(=O)NH(Ci 6 alkyl), -NHC(=O)NH2, -C(=NH)O(CI 6 alkyl), -OC(=NH)(Ci 6 alkyl), -OC(=NH)OCi 6 alkyl, -C(=NH)N(CIM alkyl)2, -C(=NH)NH(Ci 6 alkyl), -C(=NH)NH2, -OC(=NH)N(CIM alkyl)2, -OC(NH)NH(CI_6 alkyl), -OC(NH)NH2, -NHC(NH)N(CI-6 alkyl)2, -NHC(=NH)NH2, -NHSO2(CI 6 alkyl), -SO2N(CI () alkyl)2, -SO2NH(C I 6 alkyl), -SO2NH2, -SO2C1 6 alkyl, -SO2OC1 6 alkyl, -OSO2Ci 6 alkyl, -SOCi 6 alkyl, -Si(CiM alkyl)3, -OSilCi 6 alkyl)3 -C(=S)N(CIM alkyl)2, C(=S)NH(Ci. -6 alkyl), C(=S)NH2, -C(=O)S(Ci_6 alkyl), -C(=S)SCIM alkyl, -SC(=S)SCi 6 alkyl, -P(=O)(OCi-6 alkyl)2, -P(=O)(C1M alkyl)2, -OP(=O)(CIM alkyl)2, -OP(=O)(OCi-6 alkyl)2, Cuo alkyl, Ci-io perhaloalkyl, Cuo alkenyl, Cuo alkynyl, Cuo heteroalkyl, Cuo heteroalkenyl, Cuo heteroalkynyl, C3-10 carbocyclyl, Co 10 aryl, 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, or 5-10 membered heteroaryl; or two geminal REE substituents can be joined to form =0 or =S; and each X“ is a counterion.
[047] In certain embodiments, the molecular weight of a substituent (e.g., carbon atom substituent) is lower than 250, lower than 200, lower than 150, lower than 100, or lower than 50 g/mol.
[048] In certain embodiments, a carbon atom substituent consists of carbon, hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and/or silicon atoms. In certain embodiments, a carbon atom substituent consists of carbon, hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, oxygen, sulfur, and/or nitrogen atoms. In certain embodiments, a carbon atom substituent consists of carbon, hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and/or iodine atoms. In certain embodiments, a carbon atom substituent consists of carbon, hydrogen, fluorine, and/or chlorine atoms.
[049] In certain embodiments, exemplary substituents (e.g., carbon atom substituents) include halogen, -CN, -NO2, -N3, -SO2H, -SO3H, -OH, -ORaa, -N(Rbb)2, -N(Rbb)3 +X“, -SH, -SRaa, -C(=O)Raa, -CO2H, -CHO, -CO2Raa, -OC(=O)Raa, -OCO2Raa, -C(=O)N(Rbb)2, -OC(=O)N(Rbb)2, -NRbbC(=O)Raa, -NRbbCO2Raa, -NRbbC(=O)N(Rbb)2, -NRbbSO2Raa, -SO2N(Rbb)2, -SO2Raa, -SO2ORaa, -OSO2Raa, -S(=O)Raa, -OS(=O)Raa, -Si(Raa)3, -OSi(Raa)3, -P(=O)(Raa)2, -P(=O)(ORCC)2, -OP(=O)(Raa)2, -OP(=O)(ORCC)2, -P(=O)(N(Rbb)2)2, -OP(=O)(N(Rbb)2)2, -NRbbP(=O)(Raa)2, -NRbbP(=O)(ORcc)2, -NRbbP(=O)(N(Rbb)2)2, -B(R”)2, -B(ORCC)2, -BRaa(ORcc), Ci-10 alkyl, Cuo perhaloalkyl, C2-10 alkenyl, C2-10 alkynyl, heteroCi io alkyl, heteroC210 alkenyl, heteroC210 alkynyl, C3-10 carbocyclyl, 3-14 membered heterocyclyl, Co -14 aryl, and 5-14 membered heteroaryl; wherein X“ is a counterion; or two geminal hydrogens on a carbon atom are replaced with the group =0, =S, =NN(Rbb)2, =NNRbbC(=O)Raa, =NNRbbC(=O)ORaa, =NNRbbS(=O)2Raa, =NRbb, or =NORCC; each instance of Raa is, independently, selected from Cuo alkyl, Cuo perhaloalkyl, C2-10 alkenyl, C2-10 alkynyl, heteroCi io alkyl, heteroC210 alkenyl, heteroC210 alkynyl, C3-10 carbocyclyl, 3-14 membered heterocyclyl, Co -14 aryl, and 5-14 membered heteroaryl, or two Raa groups are joined to form a 3-14 membered heterocyclyl or 5-14 membered heteroaryl ring; each instance of Rbb is, independently, selected from hydrogen, -OH, -OR33, -N(RCC)2, -CN, -C(=O)Raa, -C(=O)N(RCC)2, -CO2Raa, -SO2Raa, -C(=NRcc)ORaa, -C(=NRCC)N(RCC)2, -SO2N(RCC)2, -SO2RCC, -SO2ORCC, -SORaa, -P(=O)(Raa)2, -P(=O)(ORCC)2, -P(=O)(N(RCC)2)2, CUO alkyl, Cuo perhaloalkyl, C2-10 alkenyl, C2-10 alkynyl, heteroCi io alkyl, heteroC2 10 alkenyl, heteroC21 oalkynyl, C3-10 carbocyclyl, 3-14 membered heterocyclyl, Co-i4 aryl, and 5-14 membered heteroaryl, or two Rbb groups are joined to form a 3-14 membered heterocyclyl or 5-14 membered heteroaryl ring; and each instance of Rcc is, independently, selected from hydrogen, Cuo alkyl, Cuo perhaloalkyl, C2-10 alkenyl, C2-10 alkynyl, heteroCi io alkyl, heteroC2 10 alkenyl, heteroC2 10 alkynyl, C3-10 carbocyclyl, 3-14 membered heterocyclyl, Co M aryl, and 5-14 membered heteroaryl, or two Rcc groups are joined to form a 3-14 membered heterocyclyl or 5-14 membered heteroaryl ring. [050] In certain embodiments, each carbon atom substituent is independently halogen, substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted Ci-6 alkyl, -ORaa, -SRaa, -N(Rbb)2, -CN, -NO2, -C(=0)R33, -CO2R33, -C(=O)N(Rbb)2, -OC(=O)Raa, -OCO2Raa, -OC(=O)N(Rbb)2, -NRbbC(=O)Raa, -NRbbCC>2Raa, or -NRbbC(=O)N(Rbb)2. In certain embodiments, each carbon atom substituent is independently halogen, substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted C1-10 alkyl, -OR33, -SR33, -N(Rbb)2, -CN, -NO2, -C(=0)R33, -CO2R33, -C(=O)N(Rbb)2, -0C(=0)R33, -OCO2R33, -OC(=O)N(Rbb)2, -NRbbC(=0)R33, -NRbbCO2R33, or -NRbbC(=O)N(Rbb)2, wherein R33 is hydrogen, substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, an oxygen protecting group (e.g., silyl, TBDPS, TBDMS, TIPS, TES, TMS, MOM, THP, t-Bu, Bn, allyl, acetyl, pivaloyl, or benzoyl) when attached to an oxygen atom, or a sulfur protecting group (e.g., acetamidomethyl, t-Bu, 3 -nitro-2 -pyridine sulfenyl, 2- pyridine-sulfenyl, or triphenylmethyl) when attached to a sulfur atom; and each Rbb is independently hydrogen, substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, or a nitrogen protecting group (e.g., Bn, Boc, Cbz, Fmoc, trifluoroacetyl, triphenylmethyl, acetyl, or Ts). In certain embodiments, each carbon atom substituent is independently halogen, substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, -OR33, -SR33, -N(Rbb)2, -CN, or -NO2. In certain embodiments, each carbon atom substituent is independently halogen, substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen moieties) or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, -OR33, -SR33, -N(Rbb)2, -CN, -SCN, or -NO2, wherein R33 is hydrogen, substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, an oxygen protecting group (e.g., silyl, TBDPS, TBDMS, TIPS, TES, TMS, MOM, THP, t-Bu, Bn, allyl, acetyl, pivaloyl, or benzoyl) when attached to an oxygen atom, or a sulfur protecting group (e.g., acetamidomethyl, t-Bu, 3-nitro- 2-pyridine sulfenyl, 2-pyridine-sulfenyl, or triphenylmethyl) when attached to a sulfur atom; and each Rbb is independently hydrogen, substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted C1-10 alkyl, or a nitrogen protecting group (e.g., Bn, Boc, Cbz, Fmoc, trifluoroacetyl, triphenylmethyl, acetyl, or Ts).
[051] In certain embodiments, each nitrogen atom substituent is independently substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, -C(=0)R33, -CO2R33, -C(=O)N(Rbb)2, or a nitrogen protecting group. In certain embodiments, each nitrogen atom substituent is independently substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, -C(=0)R33, -CO2R33, -C(=O)N(Rbb)2, or a nitrogen protecting group, wherein R33 is hydrogen, substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, or an oxygen protecting group when attached to an oxygen atom; and each Rbb is independently hydrogen, substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, or a nitrogen protecting group. In certain embodiments, each nitrogen atom substituent is independently substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl or a nitrogen protecting group.
[052] In certain embodiments, the substituent present on the nitrogen atom is a nitrogen protecting group (also referred to herein as an “amino protecting group”). Nitrogen protecting groups include -OH, -OR33, -N(RCC)2, -C(=0)R33, -C(=O)N(RCC)2, -CO2R33, -SO2R33, -C(=NRCC)R33, -C(=NRcc)0R33, -C(=NRCC)N(RCC)2, -SO2N(RCC)2, -SO2RCC, -SO2ORCC, -S0R33, -C(=S)N(RCC)2, -C(=O)SRCC, -C(=S)SRCC, Ci-10 alkyl (e.g., aralkyl, heteroaralkyl), C1-20 alkenyl, C1-20 alkynyl, hetero C1-20 alkyl, hetero C1-20 alkenyl, hetero C1-20 alkynyl, C3-10 carbocyclyl, 3-14 membered heterocyclyl, Ce-i4 aryl, and 5-14 membered heteroaryl groups, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aralkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rdd groups, and wherein Raj. Rbb, Rcc and Rdd are as defined herein. Nitrogen protecting groups are well known in the art and include those described in detail in Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis, T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1999, incorporated herein by reference.
[053] For example, in certain embodiments, at least one nitrogen protecting group is an amide group (e.g., a moiety that includes the nitrogen atom to which the nitrogen protecting groups (e.g., -C(=O)Raa) is directly attached). In certain such embodiments, each nitrogen protecting group, together with the nitrogen atom to which the nitrogen protecting group is attached, is independently selected from the group consisting of formamide, acetamide, chloroacetamide, trichloroacetamide, trifluoroacetamide, phenylacetamide, 3- phenylpropanamide, picolinamide, 3 -pyridylcarboxamide, /V-bcnzoylphcnylalanyl derivatives, benzamide, p- phenylbenzamide, o-nitophenylacetamide, o-nitrophenoxyacetamide, acetoacetamide, (N’- dithiobenzyloxy acylamino) acetamide , 3 -(p-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide , 3 -(o-nitrophenyl)propanamide , 2- methyl-2-(o-nitrophenoxy)propanamide, 2-methyl-2-(o-phenylazophenoxy)propanamide, 4- chlorobutanamide, 3-methyl-3-nitrobutanamide, o-nitrocinnamide, /V-acctylmcthioninc derivatives, o- nitrobenzamide, and o-(benzoyloxymethyl)benzamide.
[054] In certain embodiments, at least one nitrogen protecting group is a carbamate group e.g., a moiety that includes the nitrogen atom to which the nitrogen protecting groups (e.g., -C(=O)ORaa) is directly attached). In certain such embodiments, each nitrogen protecting group, together with the nitrogen atom to which the nitrogen protecting group is attached, is independently selected from the group consisting of methyl carbamate, ethyl carbamate, 9-fluorenylmethyl carbamate (Fmoc), 9-(2-sulfo)fluorenylmethyl carbamate, 9- (2,7-dibromo)fluoroenylmethyl carbamate, 2,7 -di-t -butyl- [9-( 10, 10-dioxo- 10,10,10,10- tetrahydrothioxanthyl)] methyl carbamate (DBD-Tmoc), 4-methoxyphenacyl carbamate (Phenoc), 2,2,2- trichloroethyl carbamate (Troc), 2-trimethylsilylethyl carbamate (Teoc), 2-phenylethyl carbamate (hZ), 1-(1- adamantyl)-l -methylethyl carbamate (Adpoc), l,l-dimethyl-2-haloethyl carbamate, l,l-dimethyl-2,2- dibromoethyl carbamate (DB-t-BOC), l,l-dimethyl-2,2,2-trichloroethyl carbamate (TCBOC), 1 -methyl- 1 -(4- biphenylyl)ethyl carbamate (Bpoc), l-(3,5-di-t-butylphenyl)-l-methylethyl carbamate (t-Bumeoc), 2-(2z- and 4z-pyridyl)ethyl carbamate (Pyoc), 2-(N,N-dicyclohexylcarboxamido)ethyl carbamate, t-butyl carbamate (BOC or Boc), 1-adamantyl carbamate (Adoc), vinyl carbamate (Voc), allyl carbamate (Alloc), 1- isopropylallyl carbamate (Ipaoc), cinnamyl carbamate (Coc), 4-nitrocinnamyl carbamate (Noc), 8-quinolyl carbamate, N-hydroxypiperidinyl carbamate, alkyldithio carbamate, benzyl carbamate (Cbz), p- methoxybenzyl carbamate (Moz), p-nitobenzyl carbamate, p-bromobenzyl carbamate, p-chlorobenzyl carbamate, 2,4-dichlorobenzyl carbamate, 4-methylsulfinylbenzyl carbamate (Msz), 9-anthrylmethyl carbamate, diphenylmethyl carbamate, 2-methylthioethyl carbamate, 2-methylsulfonylethyl carbamate, 2-(p- toluenesulfonyl)ethyl carbamate, [2-(l,3-dithianyl)]methyl carbamate (Dmoc), 4-methylthiophenyl carbamate (Mtpc), 2,4-dimethylthiophenyl carbamate (Bmpc), 2-phosphonioethyl carbamate (Peoc), 2- triphenylphosphonioisopropyl carbamate (Ppoc), 1,1 -dimethyl -2 -cyanoethyl carbamate, m-chloro-p- acyloxybenzyl carbamate, p-(dihydroxyboryl)benzyl carbamate, 5-benzisoxazolylmethyl carbamate, 2- (trifluoromethyl)-6-chromonylmethyl carbamate (Tcroc), m-nitrophenyl carbamate, 3,5-dimethoxybenzyl carbamate, o-nitrobenzyl carbamate, 3,4-dimethoxy-6-nitrobenzyl carbamate, phenyl(o-nitrophenyl)methyl carbamate, t-amyl carbamate, .S'-bcnzyl thiocarbamate, -cyanobcnzyl carbamate, cyclobutyl carbamate, cyclohexyl carbamate, cyclopentyl carbamate, cyclopropylmethyl carbamate, p-dccyloxybcnzyl carbamate, 2,2-dimethoxyacylvinyl carbamate, o-(A,A-dimethylcarhoxamido)henzyl carbamate, I , I -dimcthyl-3-(/V,/V- dimethylcarboxamido)propyl carbamate, 1,1-dimethylpropynyl carbamate, di(2-pyridyl)methyl carbamate, 2- furanylmethyl carbamate, 2-iodoethyl carbamate, isoborynl carbamate, isobutyl carbamate, isonicotinyl carbamate, p-(p’-methoxyphenylazo)benzyl carbamate, 1 -methylcyclobutyl carbamate, 1 -methylcyclohexyl carbamate, 1 -methyl- 1 -cyclopropylmethyl carbamate, l-methyl-l-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl carbamate, 1- methyl-l-(p-phenylazophenyl)ethyl carbamate, 1 -methyl- 1 -phenylethyl carbamate, 1 -methyl- 1 -(4- pyridyl)ethyl carbamate, phenyl carbamate, p-(phenylazo)benzyl carbamate, 2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenyl carbamate, 4-(trimethylammonium)benzyl carbamate, and 2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl carbamate.
[055] In certain embodiments, at least one nitrogen protecting group is a sulfonamide group (e.g., a moiety that includes the nitrogen atom to which the nitrogen protecting groups (e.g., -S(=O)2Raa) is directly attached). In certain such embodiments, each nitrogen protecting group, together with the nitrogen atom to which the nitrogen protecting group is attached, is independently selected from the group consisting of p- toluenesulfonamide (Ts), benzenesulfonamide, 2,3,6-trimethyl-4-methoxybenzenesulfonamide (Mtr), 2,4,6- trimethoxybenzenesulfonamide (Mtb), 2,6-dimethyl-4-methoxybenzenesulfonamide (Pme), 2, 3,5,6- tetramethyl-4-methoxybenzenesulfonamide (Mte), 4-methoxybenzenesulfonamide (Mbs), 2,4,6- trimethylbenzenesulfonamide (Mts), 2,6-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide (iMds), 2, 2, 5,7,8- pentamethylchroman-6-sulfonamide (Pmc), methanesulfonamide (Ms), P-trimethylsilylethanesulfonamide (SES), 9-anthracenesulfonamide, 4-(4/,8/-dimethoxynaphthylmethyl)benzenesulfonamide (DNMBS), benzylsulfonamide, trifluoromethylsulfonamide, and phenacylsulfonamide.
[056] In certain embodiments, each nitrogen protecting group, together with the nitrogen atom to which the nitrogen protecting group is attached, is independently selected from the group consisting of phenothiazinyl- (lO)-acyl derivatives, /V’- -tolucncsulfonylaminoacyl derivatives, TV’ -phenylaminothioacyl derivatives, N- benzoylphenylalanyl derivatives, /V-acctylmcthioninc derivatives, 4,5-diphenyl-3-oxazolin-2-one, N- phthalimide, /V-dithiasuccinimidc (Dts), /V-2,3-diphcnylmalcimidc, N-2, 5-di methyl pyrrole, AM, 1,4,4- tetramethyldisilylazacyclopentane adduct (STABASE), 5-substituted l,3-dimethyl-l,3,5-triazacyclohexan-2- one, 5-substituted l,3-dibenzyl-l,3,5-triazacyclohexan-2-one, 1-substituted 3,5-dinitro-4-pyridone, N- methylamine, /V-allylaminc, A-[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy] methylamine (SEM), A-3-acetoxypropylamine, A-(l- isopropyl-4-nitro-2-oxo-3-pyroolin-3-yl)amine, quaternary ammonium salts, /V-bcnzylaminc, A-di(4- methoxyphenyl)methylamine, A-5-dibenzosuberylamine, A-triphenylmethylamine (Tr), A-[(4- methoxyphenyl)diphenylmethyl]amine (MMTr), A-9-phenylfluorenylamine (PhF), A-2,7-dichloro-9- fluorenylmethyleneamine, A-ferrocenyl methyl amino (Fem), N-2 -picolylamino /V’-oxidc, A- 1,1- dimethylthiomethyleneamine, /V-bcnzylidcncaminc, A-p-methoxybenzylideneamine, N- diphenylmethyleneamine, N- [(2 -pyridyl)mesityl] methyleneamine, A-(A’,A’-dimethylaminomethylene)amine, TV-p-nitrobenzylideneamine, /V-salicylidcncaminc, A-5-chlorosalicylideneamine, /V-(5-chloro-2- hydroxyphenyl)phenylmethyleneamine, /V-cyclohcxylidcncaminc, /V-(5.5-dimcthyl-3-oxo- l - cyclohexenyl) amine, /V-boranc derivatives, /V-diphcnylborinic acid derivatives, N- [phenyl(pentaacylchromium- or tungsten)acyl] amine, /V-coppcr chelate, /V-zinc chelate, /V-nitroaminc, N- nitrosoamine, amine /V-oxidc, diphenylphosphinamide (Dpp), dimethylthiophosphinamide (Mpt), diphenylthiophosphinamide (Ppt), dialkyl phosphoramidates, dibenzyl phosphoramidate, diphenyl phosphor amidate, benzenesulfenamide, o-nitrobenzenesulfenamide (Nps), 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfenamide, pentachlorobenzenesulfenamide, 2-nitro-4-methoxybenzenesulfenamide, triphenylmethylsulfenamide, and 3- nitropyridinesulfenamide (Npys). In some embodiments, two instances of a nitrogen protecting group together with the nitrogen atoms to which the nitrogen protecting groups are attached are N,N7- isopropylidenediamine.
[057] In certain embodiments, a nitrogen protecting group is benzyl (Bn), tert-butyloxycarbonyl (BOC), carbobenzyloxy (Cbz), 9-flurenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc), trifluoroacetyl, triphenylmethyl, acetyl (Ac), benzoyl (Bz), p-methoxybenzyl (PMB), 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl (DMPM), p-methoxyphenyl (PMP), 2,2,2- trichloroethyloxycarbonyl (Troc), triphenylmethyl (Tr), tosyl (Ts), brosyl (Bs), nosyl (Ns), mesyl (Ms), triflyl (Tf), or dansyl (Ds). In certain embodiments, at least one nitrogen protecting group is Bn, Boc, Cbz, Fmoc, trifluoroacetyl, triphenylmethyl, acetyl, or Ts.
[058] In certain embodiments, each oxygen atom substituent is independently substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted Ci-6 alkyl, -C(=O)Raa, -CCFRA -C(=O)N(Rbb)2, or an oxygen protecting group. In certain embodiments, each oxygen atom substituents is independently substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted Ci-6 alkyl, -C(=O)Raa, -CCFRA -C(=O)N(Rbb)2, or an oxygen protecting group, wherein Raa is hydrogen, substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted Ci-6 alkyl, or an oxygen protecting group when attached to an oxygen atom; and each Rbb is independently hydrogen, substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted Ci-6 alkyl, or a nitrogen protecting group. In certain embodiments, each oxygen atom substituent is independently substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted Ci-6 alkyl or an oxygen protecting group.
[059] In certain embodiments, the substituent present on an oxygen atom is an oxygen protecting group (also referred to herein as an “hydroxyl protecting group”). Oxygen protecting groups include -Raj, -N(Rbb)2, -C(=O)SRaa, -C(=O)Raa, -CO2Raa, -C(=O)N(Rbb)2, -C(=NRbb)Raa, -C(=NRbb)ORaa, -C(=NRbb)N(Rbb)2, -S(=O)Raa, -SO2Raa, -Si(Raa)3, -P(RCC)2, -P(RCC)3 +X-, -P(ORCC)2, -P(ORCC)3 +X-, -P(=O)(Raa)2, -P(=O)(ORCC)2, and -P(=O)(N(Rbb) 2)2, wherein X“, Raj. Rbb, and Rcc are as defined herein. Oxygen protecting groups are well known in the art and include those described in detail in Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis, T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1999, incorporated herein by reference.
[060] In certain embodiments, each oxygen protecting group, together with the oxygen atom to which the oxygen protecting group is attached, is selected from the group consisting of methoxy, methoxylmethyl (MOM), methylthiomethyl (MTM), t-butylthiomethyl, (phenyldimethylsilyl)methoxymethyl (SMOM), benzyloxymethyl (BOM), p-methoxybenzyloxymethyl (PMBM), (4-methoxyphenoxy)methyl (p-AOM), guaiacolmethyl (GUM), t-butoxymethyl, 4-pentenyloxymethyl (POM), siloxymethyl, 2-methoxy ethoxymethyl (MEM), 2,2,2-trichloroethoxymethyl, bis(2-chloroethoxy)methyl, 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl (SEMOR), tetrahydropyranyl (THP), 3-bromotetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, 1 -methoxycyclohexyl, 4- methoxytetrahydropyranyl (MTHP), 4-methoxytetrahydrothiopyranyl, 4-methoxytetrahydrothiopyranyl S,S- dioxide, l-[(2-chloro-4-methyl)phenyl]-4-methoxypiperidin-4-yl (CTMP), l,4-dioxan-2-yl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiofuranyl, 2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,7a-octahydro-7,8,8-trimethyl-4,7-methanobenzofuran-2-yl, 1- ethoxyethyl, l-(2-chloroethoxy)ethyl, 1 -methyl- 1 -methoxyethyl, 1 -methyl- 1 -benzyloxy ethyl, 1-methyl-l- benzyloxy-2 -fluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, 2-trimethylsilylethyl, 2-(phenylselenyl)ethyl, t-butyl, allyl, p- chlorophenyl, p-methoxy phenyl, 2,4-dinitrophenyl, benzyl (Bn), p-methoxybenzyl (PMB), 3,4- dimethoxybenzyl, o-nitrobenzyl, p-nitrobenzyl, p-halobenzyl, 2,6-dichlorobenzyl, p-cyanobenzyl, p- phenylbenzyl, 2-picolyl, 4-picolyl, 3-methyl-2-picolyl /V-oxido, diphenylmethyl, p,p’-dinitrobenzhydryl, 5- dibenzosuberyl, triphenylmethyl, a-naphthyldiphenylmethyl, p-methoxyphenyldiphenylmethyl, di(p- methoxyphenyl)phenylmethyl, tri(p-methoxyphenyl)methyl, 4-(4’-bromophenacyloxyphenyl)diphenylmethyl, 4,4',4"-tris(4,5-dichlorophthalimidophenyl)methyl, 4,4',4"-tris(levulinoyloxyphenyl)methyl, 4, 4', 4"- tris(benzoyloxyphenyl)methyl, 4,4'-Dimethoxy-3"’-[N-(imidazolylmethyl) ]trityl Ether (IDTr-OR), 4,4'- Dimethoxy-3"'-[N-(imidazolylethyl)carbamoyl]trityl Ether (lETr-OR), l,l-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-l'- pyrenylmethyl, 9-anthryl, 9-(9-phenyl)xanthenyl, 9-(9-phenyl-10-oxo)anthryl, l,3-benzodithiolan-2-yl, benzisothiazolyl 5,5-dioxido, trimethylsilyl (TMS), triethylsilyl (TES), triisopropylsilyl (TIPS), dimethylisopropylsilyl (IPDMS), diethylisopropylsilyl (DEIPS), dimethylthexylsilyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS), t-butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS), tribenzylsilyl, tri-p-xylylsilyl, triphenylsilyl, diphenylmethylsilyl (DPMS), t-butylmethoxyphenylsilyl (TBMPS), formate, benzoylformate, acetate, chloroacetate, dichloroacetate, trichloroacetate, trifluoroacetate, methoxyacetate, triphenylmethoxy acetate, phenoxy acetate, p-chlorophenoxy acetate, 3-phenylpropionate, 4-oxopentanoate (levulinate), 4,4-(ethylenedithio)pentanoate (levulinoyldithioacetal), pivaloate, adamantoate, crotonate, 4-methoxycrotonate, benzoate, p-phenylbenzoate, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoate (mesitoate), methyl carbonate, 9-fluorenylmethyl carbonate (Fmoc), ethyl carbonate, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl carbonate (Troc), 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl carbonate (TMSEC), 2-(phenylsulfonyl) ethyl carbonate (Psec), 2-(triphenylphosphonio) ethyl carbonate (Peoc), isobutyl carbonate, vinyl carbonate, allyl carbonate, t-butyl carbonate (BOC or Boc), p-nitrophenyl carbonate, benzyl carbonate, p-methoxybenzyl carbonate, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl carbonate, o-nitrobenzyl carbonate, p-nitrobenzyl carbonate, .S'-bcnzyl thiocarbonate, 4-ethoxy-l-napththyl carbonate, methyl dithiocarbonate, 2-iodobenzoate, 4-azidobutyrate, 4- nitro-4-methylpentanoate, o-(dibromomethyl)benzoate, 2-formylbenzenesulfonate, 2- (methylthiomethoxy)ethyl carbonate (MTMEC-OR), 4-(methylthiomethoxy)butyrate, 2- (methylthiomethoxymethyl)benzoate, 2,6-dichloro-4-methylphenoxyacetate, 2,6-dichloro-4-(l , 1 ,3,3- tetramethylbutyl)phenoxyacetate, 2,4-bis( 1 , 1 -dimethylpropyl)phenoxy acetate, chlorodiphenylacetate, isobutyrate, monosuccinoate, (E)-2-methyl-2-butenoate, o-(methoxyacyl)benzoate, a-naphthoate, nitrate, alkyl A,A,A’,A’-tetramethylphosphorodiamidate, alkyl A-phenylcarbamate, borate, dimethylphosphinothioyl, alkyl 2,4-dinitrophenylsulfenate, sulfate, methanesulfonate (mesylate), benzylsulfonate, and tosylate (Ts). [061] In certain embodiments, an oxygen protecting group is silyl. In certain embodiments, an oxygen protecting group is t-butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS), t-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS), triisoproylsilyl (TIPS), triphenylsilyl (TPS), triethylsilyl (TES), trimethylsilyl (TMS), triisopropylsiloxymethyl (TOM), acetyl (Ac), benzoyl (Bz), allyl carbonate, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl carbonate (Troc), 2-trimethylsilylethyl carbonate, methoxymethyl (MOM), 1-ethoxyethyl (EE), 2-methyoxy-2-propyl (MOP), 2,2,2-trichloroethoxyethyl, 2- methoxyethoxymethyl (MEM), 2-trimethylsilylethoxymethyl (SEM), methylthiomethyl (MTM), tetrahydropyranyl (THP), tetrahydrofuranyl (THF), p-methoxyphenyl (PMP), triphenylmethyl (Tr), methoxytrityl (MMT), dimethoxytrityl (DMT), allyl, p-methoxybenzyl (PMB), t-butyl, benzyl (Bn), allyl, or pivaloyl (Piv).In certain embodiments, at least one oxygen protecting group is silyl, TBDPS, TBDMS, TIPS, TES, TMS, MOM, THP, t-Bu, Bn, allyl, acetyl, pivaloyl, or benzoyl.
[062] In certain embodiments, each sulfur atom substituent is independently substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted Ci-6 alkyl, -C(=O)Raa, -CO2RA -C(=O)N(Rbb)2, or a sulfur protecting group. In certain embodiments, each sulfur atom substituent is independently substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted Ci-6 alkyl, -C(=O)Raa, -CO2RA -C(=O)N(Rbb)2, or a sulfur protecting group, wherein Raa is hydrogen, substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted Ci-6 alkyl, or an oxygen protecting group when attached to an oxygen atom; and each Rbb is independently hydrogen, substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted Ci-6 alkyl, or a nitrogen protecting group. In certain embodiments, each sulfur atom substituent is independently substituted (e.g., substituted with one or more halogen) or unsubstituted Ci-6 alkyl or a sulfur protecting group.
[063] In certain embodiments, the substituent present on a sulfur atom is a sulfur protecting group (also referred to as a “thiol protecting group”). In some embodiments, each sulfur protecting group is selected from the group consisting of -Raj, -N(Rbb)2, -C(=O)SRaa, -C(=O)Raa, -CCER”, -C(=O)N(Rbb)2, -C(=NRbb)Raa, -C(=NRbb)ORaa, -C(=NRbb)N(Rbb)2, -S(=O)Raa, -SO2Raa, -Si(Raa)3, -P(RCC)2, -P(RCC)3 +X-, -P(ORCC)2, -P(ORCC)3 +X-, -P(=O)(Raa)2, -P(=O)(ORCC)2, and -P(=O)(N(Rbb) 2)2, wherein Raj. Rbb, and Rcc are as defined herein. Sulfur protecting groups are well known in the art and include those described in detail in Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis, T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1999, incorporated herein by reference.
[064] In certain embodiments, a sulfur protecting group is acetamidomethyl, t-Bu, 3-nitro-2-pyridine sulfenyl, 2-pyridine-sulfenyl, or triphenylmethyl.
[065] A “counterion” or “anionic counterion” is a negatively charged group associated with a positively charged group in order to maintain electronic neutrality. An anionic counterion may be monovalent (e.g., including one formal negative charge). An anionic counterion may also be multivalent (e.g., including more than one formal negative charge), such as divalent or tri valent. Exemplary counterions include halide ions e.g., F ", CP, Br , I"), NO3 , CIO4 , OH , H2 O4 . HCO3“, HSO4 . sulfonate ions (e.g., methansulf onate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, 10-camphor sulfonate, naphthalene-2- sulfonate, naphthalene-l-sulfonic acid-5-sulfonate, ethan-1 -sulfonic acid-2-sulfonate, and the like), carboxylate ions (e.g., acetate, propanoate, benzoate, glycerate, lactate, tartrate, glycolate, gluconate, and the like), BF4-, PF4-, PF6", ASF6-, ShFe", B[3,5-(CF3)2C6H3]4]-, B(C6F5)4", BPh4 , A1(OC(CF3)3)4-, and carborane anions (e.g., CBi 1H12 or (HCBi iMesBre)-). Exemplary counterions which may be multivalent include CO;2-. HPCU2-, PC>43“ B4O72-. SO4 2-, SzOs2-, carboxylate anions (e.g., tartrate, citrate, fumarate, maleate, malate, malonate, gluconate, succinate, glutarate, adipate, pimelate, suberate, azelate, sebacate, salicylate, phthalates, aspartate, glutamate, and the like), and carboranes.
[066] These and other exemplary substituents are described in more detail in the Detailed Description, Examples, and Claims. The embdiments provided herein are not limited in any manner by the above exemplary listing of substituents.
Other Definitions
[067] The following definitions are more general terms used throughout the present application.
[068] As used herein, the term “salt” refers to any and all salts and encompasses pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Salts include ionic compounds that result from the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base. A salt is composed of one or more cations (positively charged ions) and one or more anions (negative ions) so that the salt is electrically neutral (without a net charge). Salts of the compounds of the present disclosure include those derived from inorganic and organic acids and bases. Examples of acid addition salts are salts of an amino group formed with inorganic acids, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, and perchloric acid, or with organic acids, such as acetic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid, or malonic acid or by using other methods known in the art such as ion exchange. Other salts include adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bisulfate, borate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, citrate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptonate, glycerophosphate, gluconate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonate, lactobionate, lactate, laurate, lauryl sulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, phosphate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, stearate, succinate, sulfate, tartrate, thiocyanate, p-toluenesulfonate, undecanoate, valerate, hippurate, and the like.
Salts derived from appropriate bases include alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and N3Ci . alkyl)4 salts. Representative alkali or alkaline earth metal salts include sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like. Further salts include ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations formed using counterions such as halide, hydroxide, carboxylate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, lower alkyl sulfonate, and aryl sulfonate.
[069] The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to those salts which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response, and the like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are well known in the art. For example, Berge et al. describe pharmaceutically acceptable salts in detail in J. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1977, 66, 1-19, incorporated herein by reference. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of the present disclosure include those derived from suitable inorganic and organic acids and bases. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable, nontoxic acid addition salts are salts of an amino group formed with inorganic acids, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, and perchloric acid or with organic acids, such as acetic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid, or malonic acid or by using other methods known in the art such as ion exchange. Other pharmaceutically acceptable salts include adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bisulfate, borate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, citrate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptonate, glycerophosphate, gluconate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydroiodide, 2- hydroxy-ethanesulfonate, lactobionate, lactate, laurate, lauryl sulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3 -phenylpropionate, phosphate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, stearate, succinate, sulfate, tartrate, thiocyanate, p-toluenesulfonate, undecanoate, valerate salts, and the like. Salts derived from appropriate bases include alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, and N+(CI-4 alkyl)^ salts. Representative alkali or alkaline earth metal salts include sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like. Further pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, when appropriate, nontoxic ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations formed using counterions such as halide, hydroxide, carboxylate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, lower alkyl sulfonate, and aryl sulfonate.
[070] Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the nature or sequence of bonding of their atoms or the arrangement of their atoms in space are termed “isomers”. Isomers that differ in the arrangement of their atoms in space are termed “stereoisomers”.
[071] ‘ ‘Stereoisomers” that are not mirror images of one another are termed “diastereomers” and those that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other are termed “enantiomers”. When a compound has an asymmetric center, for example, it is bonded to four different groups, a pair of enantiomers is possible. An enantiomer can be characterized by the absolute configuration of its asymmetric center and is described by the R- and S-sequencing rules of Cahn and Prelog, or by the manner in which the molecule rotates the plane of polarized light and designated as dextrorotatory or levorotatory (i.e., as (+) or (-)-isomers respectively). A chiral compound can exist as either individual enantiomer or as a mixture thereof. A mixture containing equal proportions of the enantiomers is called a “racemic mixture.”
[072] The term “tautomers” or “tautomeric” refers to two or more interconvertible compounds resulting from at least one formal migration of a hydrogen atom and at least one change in valency (e.g., a single bond to a double bond, a triple bond to a single bond, or vice versa). The exact ratio of the tautomers depends on several factors, including temperature, solvent, and pH. Tautomerizations (i.e., the reaction providing a tautomeric pair) may catalyzed by acid or base. Exemplary tautomerizations include keto-to-enol, amide-to-imide, lactam-to-lactim, enamine-to-imine, and enamine-to-(a different enamine) tautomerizations.
[073] The term “solvate” refers to forms of the compound, or a salt thereof, that are associated with a solvent, usually by a solvolysis reaction. This physical association may include hydrogen bonding. Conventional solvents include water, methanol, ethanol, acetic acid, DMSO, THF, diethyl ether, and the like. The compounds described herein may be prepared, e.g., in crystalline form, and may be solvated. Suitable solvates include pharmaceutically acceptable solvates and further include both stoichiometric solvates and non- stoichiometric solvates. In certain instances, the solvate will be capable of isolation, for example, when one or more solvent molecules are incorporated in the crystal lattice of a crystalline solid. “Solvate” encompasses both solution-phase and isolatable solvates. Representative solvates include hydrates, ethanolates, and methanolates.
[074] The term “hydrate” refers to a compound that is associated with water. Typically, the number of the water molecules contained in a hydrate of a compound is in a definite ratio to the number of the compound molecules in the hydrate. Therefore, a hydrate of a compound may be represented, for example, by the general formula R x H2O, wherein R is the compound, and x is a number greater than 0. A given compound may form more than one type of hydrate, including, e.g., monohydrates (x is 1), lower hydrates (x is a number greater than 0 and smaller than 1, e.g., hemihydrates (R 0.5 H2O)), and polyhydrates (x is a number greater than 1, e.g., dihydrates (R-2 H2O) and hexahydrates (R-6 H2O)).
[075] The term “polymorph” refers to a crystalline form of a compound (or a salt, hydrate, or solvate thereof). All polymorphs have the same elemental composition. Different crystalline forms usually have different X-ray diffraction patterns, infrared spectra, melting points, density, hardness, crystal shape, optical and electrical properties, stability, and solubility. Recrystallization solvent, rate of crystallization, storage temperature, and other factors may cause one crystal form to dominate. Various polymorphs of a compound can be prepared by crystallization under different conditions.
[076] The term “crystalline” or “crystalline form” refers to a solid form substantially exhibiting three- dimensional order. In certain embodiments, a crystalline form of a solid is a solid form that is substantially not amorphous. In certain embodiments, the X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern of a crystalline form includes one or more sharply defined peaks.
[077] The term “amorphous” or “amorphous form” refers to a form of a solid (“solid form”), the form substantially lacking three-dimensional order. In certain embodiments, an amorphous form of a solid is a solid form that is substantially not crystalline. In certain embodiments, the X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern of an amorphous form includes a wide scattering band with a peak at 20 of, e.g., between 20 and 70°, inclusive, using CuXa radiation. In certain embodiments, the XRPD pattern of an amorphous form further includes one or more peaks attributed to crystalline structures. In certain embodiments, the maximum intensity of any one of the one or more peaks attributed to crystalline structures observed at a 20 of between 20 and 70°, inclusive, is not more than 300-fold, not more than 100-fold, not more than 30-fold, not more than 10-fold, or not more than 3-fold of the maximum intensity of the wide scattering band. In certain embodiments, the XRPD pattern of an amorphous form includes no peaks attributed to crystalline structures.
[078] The term “co-crystal” refers to a crystalline structure comprising at least two different components (e.g., a compound disclosed herein and an acid), wherein each of the components is independently an atom, ion, or molecule. In certain embodiments, none of the components is a solvent. In certain embodiments, at least one of the components is a solvent. A co-crystal of a compound disclosed herein and an acid is different from a salt formed from a compound disclosed herein and the acid. In the salt, a compound disclosed herein is complexed with the acid in a way that proton transfer e.g., a complete proton transfer) from the acid to a compound disclosed herein easily occurs at room temperature. In the co-crystal, however, a compound disclosed herein is complexed with the acid in a way that proton transfer from the acid to a compound disclosed herein does not easily occur at room temperature. In certain embodiments, in the co-crystal, there is no proton transfer from the acid to a compound disclosed herein. In certain embodiments, in the co-crystal, there is partial proton transfer from the acid to a compound disclosed herein. Co-crystals may be useful to improve the properties (e.g., solubility, stability, and ease of formulation) of a compound disclosed herein. [079] The term “prodrugs” refers to compounds that have cleavable groups and become by solvolysis or under physiological conditions the compounds described herein, which are pharmaceutically active in vivo. Such examples include, but are not limited to, choline ester derivatives and the like, /V-alkylmorpholinc esters and the like. Other derivatives of the compounds described herein have activity in both their acid and acid derivative forms, but in the acid sensitive form often offer advantages of solubility, tissue compatibility, or delayed release in the mammalian organism (see, e.g., Bundgard, H., Design of Prodrugs, pp. 7-9, 21-24, Elsevier, Amsterdam 1985). Prodrugs include acid derivatives such as, for example, esters prepared by reaction of the parent acid with a suitable alcohol, or amides prepared by reaction of the parent acid compound with a substituted or unsubstituted amine, or acid anhydrides, or mixed anhydrides. Simple aliphatic or aromatic esters, amides, and anhydrides derived from acidic groups pendant on the compounds described herein are particular prodrugs. In some cases it is desirable to prepare double ester-type prodrugs such as (acyloxy)alkyl esters or ((alkoxycarbonyl)oxy)alkylesters. Aliphatic or aromatic (e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, or arylalkyl) esters of the compounds described herein may be preferred.
[080] Throughout the present disclosure, references to “the compound” and “a compound” provided herein are intended to encompass the compound or group of compounds, and also pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, tautomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, co-crystals, and prodrugs thereof as described herein.
[081] The terms “composition” and “formulation” are used interchangeably.
[082] A “subject” to which administration is contemplated refers to a human (i.e., male or female of any age group, e.g., pediatric subject e.g., infant, child, or adolescent) or adult subject (e.g., young adult, middle-aged adult, or senior adult)) or non-human animal. In certain embodiments, the non-human animal is a mammal (e.g., primate (e.g., cynomolgus monkey or rhesus monkey), commercially relevant mammal (e.g., cattle, pig, horse, sheep, goat, cat, or dog), or bird (e.g., commercially relevant bird, such as chicken, duck, goose, or turkey)). In certain embodiments, the non-human animal is a fish, reptile, or amphibian. The non-human animal may be a male or female at any stage of development. The non-human animal may be a transgenic animal or genetically engineered animal. The term “patient” refers to a human subject in need of treatment of a disease.
[083] The term “biological sample” refers to any sample including tissue samples (such as tissue sections and needle biopsies of a tissue); cell samples (e.g., cytological smears (such as Pap or blood smears) or samples of cells obtained by microdissection); samples of whole organisms (such as samples of yeasts or bacteria); or cell fractions, fragments or organelles (such as obtained by lysing cells and separating the components thereof by centrifugation or otherwise). Other examples of biological samples include blood, serum, urine, semen, fecal matter, cerebrospinal fluid, interstitial fluid, mucous, tears, sweat, pus, biopsied tissue (e.g., obtained by a surgical biopsy or needle biopsy), nipple aspirates, milk, vaginal fluid, saliva, swabs (such as buccal swabs), or any material containing biomolecules that is derived from a first biological sample. [084] The term “administer,” “administering,” or “administration” refers to implanting, absorbing, ingesting, injecting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing a compound described herein, or a composition thereof, in or on a subject.
[085] The terms “treatment,” “treat,” and “treating” refer to reversing, alleviating, delaying the onset of, or inhibiting the progress of a disease described herein. In some embodiments, treatment may be administered after one or more signs or symptoms of the disease have developed or have been observed. In other embodiments, treatment may be administered in the absence of signs or symptoms of the disease. For example, treatment may be administered to a susceptible subject prior to the onset of symptoms (e.g., in light of a history of symptoms and/or in light of exposure to a pathogen). Treatment may also be continued after symptoms have resolved, for example, to delay or prevent recurrence.
[086] The term “prevent,” “preventing,” or “prevention” refers to a prophylactic treatment of a subject who is not and was not with a disease but is at risk of developing the disease or who was with a disease, is not with the disease, but is at risk of regression of the disease. In certain embodiments, the subject is at a higher risk of developing the disease or at a higher risk of regression of the disease than an average healthy member of a population.
[087] The terms “condition,” “disease,” and “disorder” are used interchangeably.
[088] An “effective amount” of a compound described herein refers to an amount sufficient to elicit the desired biological response. An effective amount of a compound described herein may vary depending on such factors as the desired biological endpoint, severity of side effects, disease, or disorder, the identity, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the particular compound, the condition being treated, the mode, route, and desired or required frequency of administration, the species, age and health or general condition of the subject. In certain embodiments, an effective amount is a therapeutically effective amount. In certain embodiments, an effective amount is a prophylactic treatment. In certain embodiments, an effective amount is the amount of a compound described herein in a single dose. In certain embodiments, an effective amount is the combined amounts of a compound described herein in multiple doses.
[089] A “therapeutically effective amount” of a compound described herein is an amount sufficient to provide a therapeutic benefit in the treatment of a condition or to delay or minimize one or more symptoms associated with the condition. A therapeutically effective amount of a compound means an amount of therapeutic agent, alone or in combination with other therapies, which provides a therapeutic benefit in the treatment of the condition. The term “therapeutically effective amount” can encompass an amount that improves overall therapy, reduces or avoids symptoms, signs, or causes of the condition, and/or enhances the therapeutic efficacy of another therapeutic agent. In certain embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount is an amount sufficient for degrading a GRK2 protein in a subject. In certain embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount is an amount sufficient for degrading a GRK3 protein in a subject. In certain embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount is an amount sufficient for treating a proliferative disease (e.g., cancer) in a subject. In certain embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount is an amount sufficient for treating a cardiovascular disease in a subject. In certain embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount is an amount sufficient for treating a GRK2 -related disease in a subject. In certain embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount is an amount sufficient for treating a GRK3-related disease in a subject.
[090] A “prophylactically effective amount” of a compound described herein is an amount sufficient to prevent a condition, or one or more symptoms associated with the condition or prevent its recurrence. A prophylactically effective amount of a compound means an amount of a therapeutic agent, alone or in combination with other agents, which provides a prophylactic benefit in the prevention of the condition. The term “prophylactically effective amount” can encompass an amount that improves overall prophylaxis or enhances the prophylactic efficacy of another prophylactic agent. In certain embodiments, a prophylactically effective amount is an amount sufficient for degrading a GRK2 protein in a subject. In certain embodiments, a prophylactically effective amount is an amount sufficient for degrading a GRK3 protein in a subject. In certain embodiments, a prophylactically effective amount is an amount sufficient for preventing a proliferative disease (e.g., cancer) in a subject. In certain embodiments, a prophylactically effective amount is an amount sufficient for preventing a cardiovascular disease in a subject. In certain embodiments, a prophylactically effective amount is an amount sufficient for preventing a GRK2 -related disease in a subject. In certain embodiments, a prophylactically effective amount is an amount sufficient for preventing a GRK3-related disease in a subject.
[091] As used herein, the term “GRK2” refers to G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 and belongs to the G- protein-coupled receptor kinase subfamily of the Ser/Thr protein kinases. GRK2 is encoded by the ADRBK1 gene, the nucleic acid sequence of which is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, below:
AT GGC GGAC C T GGAGGC GGTGCTGGCC GAC GT GAGC TACCTGATGGCCAT GGAGAAGAGC AAGGC C AC GC CGGCCGCGCGCGCCAGCAAGAAGATCCTGCTGCCCGAGCCCAGCATCCGCAGTGTCATGCAGAAGTACCT GGAGGAC C GGGGC GAGGT GAC C T T T GAGAAGAT C T T T T C C C AGAAGC TGGGGTACCTGCTCTTCC GAGAC TTCTGCCT GAAC C AC C T GGAGGAGGC CAGGCCCTT GGT GGAAT T C T AT GAGGAGAT C AAGAAGT AC GAGA AGC T GGAGAC GGAGGAGGAGC GT GT GGC C C GC AGC C GGGAGAT C T T C GAC T CAT AC AT CAT GAAGGAGC T GC T GGC C T GC T C GC AT C C C T T C T C GAAGAGT GC C AC T GAGC AT GT C C AAGGC C AC C T GGGGAAGAAGC AG GTGCCTCCGGATCTCTTCCAGCCATACATCGAAGAGATTTGTCAAAACCTCCGAGGGGACGTGTTCCAGA AAT T C AT T GAGAGC GAT AAGT T CACACGGTTTTGC C AGT GGAAGAAT GT GGAGC T C AAC AT C C AC C T GAC CATGAATGACTTCAGCGTGCATCGCATCATTGGGCGCGGGGGCTTTGGCGAGGTCTATGGGTGCCGGAAG GC T GAC AC AGGC AAGAT GT AC GC C AT GAAGT GC C T GGAC AAAAAGC GC AT C AAGAT GAAGC AGGGGGAGA CCCTGGCCCTGAACGAGCGCATCATGCTCTCGCTCGTCAGCACTGGGGACTGCCCATTCATTGTCTGCAT GTCATACGCGTTCCACACGCCAGACAAGCTCAGCTTCATCCTGGACCTCATGAACGGTGGGGACCTGCAC TACCACCTCTCCCAGCACGGGGTCTTCTCAGAGGCTGACATGCGCTTCTATGCGGCCGAGATCATCCTGG GC C T GGAGC AC AT GC AC AAC C GC T T C GT GGT C T AC C GGGAC C T GAAGC C AGC C AAC AT C C T T C T GGAC GA GCATGGCCACGTGCGGATCTCGGACCTGGGCCTGGCCTGTGACTTCTCCAAGAAGAAGCCCCATGCCAGC GTGGGCACCCACGGGTACATGGCTCCGGAGGTCCTGCAGAAGGGCGTGGCCTACGACAGCAGTGCCGACT GGTTCTCTCTGGGGTGCATGCTCTTCAAGTTGCTGCGGGGGCACAGCCCCTTCCGGCAGCACAAGACCAA AGAC AAGC AT GAGAT C GAC C GC AT GAC GC T GAC GAT GGC C GT GGAGC T GC C C GAC TCCTTCTCCCCT GAA CTACGCTCCCTGCTGGAGGGGTTGCTGCAGAGGGATGTCAACCGGAGATTGGGCTGCCTGGGCCGAGGGG CTCAGGAGGTGAAAGAGAGCCCCTTTTTCCGCTCCCTGGACTGGCAGATGGTCTTCTTGCAGAAGTACCC TCCCCCGCTGATCCCCCCACGAGGGGAGGTGAACGCGGCCGACGCCTTCGACATTGGCTCCTTCGATGAG GAGGAC AC AAAAGGAAT C AAGT T AC T GGAC AGT GAT C AGGAGC T C T AC C GC AAC TTCCCCCTCACCATCT C GGAGC GGT GGC AGC AGGAGGT GGC AGAGAC T GT C T T C GAC AC CAT C AAC GC T GAGAC AGAC C GGC T GGA GGC T C GC AAGAAAGC CAAGAAC AAGC AGC TGGGCCAT GAGGAAGAC T AC GC C C T GGGC AAGGAC T GC AT C ATGCATGGCTACATGTCCAAGATGGGCAACCCCTTCCTGACCCAGTGGCAGCGGCGGTACTTCTACCTGT T C C C C AAC C GC C T C GAGT GGC GGGGC GAGGGC GAGGC C C C GC AGAGC C T GC T GAC CAT GGAGGAGAT CCA GTCGGTGGAGGAGACGCAGATCAAGGAGCGCAAGTGCCTGCTCCTCAAGATCCGCGGTGGGAAACAGTTC ATTTTGCAGTGCGATAGC GAC C C T GAGC T GGT GC AGT GGAAGAAGGAGC T GC GC GAC GCCTACCGC GAGG CCCAGCAGCTGGTGCAGCGGGTGCCCAAGATGAAGAACAAGCCGCGCTCGCCCGTGGTGGAGCTGAGCAA GGTGCCGCTGGTCCAGCGCGGCAGTGCCAACGGCCTCTGA (SEQ ID NO: 1) [092] The term “GRK2” also refers to natural variants of the wild-type GRK2 protein, such as proteins having at least 85% identity (e.g., 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.9% identity, or more) to the amino acid sequence of wild-type GRK2, which is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2, below:
MADLEAVLADVSYLMAMEKSKATPAARASKKILLPEP S IRSVMQKYLEDRGEVTFEKIFSQKLGYLLFRD FCLNHLEEARPLVEFYEE IKKYEKLETEEERVARSRE IFDSYIMKELLACSHPFSKSATEHVQGHLGKKQ VPPDLFQPYIEE ICQNLRGDVFQKF IESDKFTRFCQWKNVELNIHLTMNDFSVHRI IGRGGFGEVYGCRK ADTGKMYAMKCLDKKRIKMKQGETLALNERIMLSLVSTGDCPF IVCMSYAFHTPDKLSF ILDLMNGGDLH YHLSQHGVFSEADMRFYAAE I ILGLEHMHNRFWYRDLKPANILLDEHGHVRI SDLGLACDFSKKKPHAS VGTHGYMAPEVLQKGVAYDS SADWFSLGCMLFKLLRGHSPFRQHKTKDKHE IDRMTLTMAVELPDSFSPE LRSLLEGLLQRDVNRRLGCLGRGAQEVKESPFFRSLDWQMVFLQKYPPPLIPPRGEVNAADAFD IGSFDE EDTKGIKLLDSDQELYRNFPLT I SERWQQEVAETVFDT INAETDRLEARKKAKNKQLGHEEDYALGKDC I MHGYMSKMGNPFLTQWQRRYFYLFPNRLEWRGEGEAPQSLLTMEE IQSVEETQIKERKCLLLKIRGGKQF ILQCDSDPELVQWKKELRDAYREAQQLVQRVPKMKNKPRSPWELSKVPLVQRGSANGL (SEQ ID NO: 2) [093] As used herein, the term “GRK2 -related disease” refers to a diseases or condition that is associated with cells that express or overexpress GRK2 (e.g., cancer cells that express or overexpress GRK2 compared to a reference). In certain embodiments, a GRK2 -related disease is a disease or condition associated with aberrant
(e.g., increased) activity of GRK2 in a subject. GRK2 -related disorders can be identified by assessing a cell or a biopsy of a tissue sample for GRK2 expression and comparing it to GRK2 expression in a reference cell or tissue sample.
[094] As used herein, the term “GRK3” refers to G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 3 and belongs to the G- protein-coupled receptor kinase subfamily of the Ser/Thr protein kinases. Human GRK3 is encoded by the ADRBK2 gene. The term “GRK3” also refers to natural variants of the wild-type GRK3 protein, such as proteins having at least 85% identity (e.g., 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.9% identity, or more) to the amino acid sequence of wild-type human GRK3, which is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, below:
MADLEAVLADVSYLMAMEKSKATPAARASKRIVLPEP S IRSVMQKYLAERNE I TFDKIFN QKIGFLLFKDFCLNE INEAVPQVKFYEE IKEYEKLDNEEDRLCRSRQIYDAYIMKELLSC SHPFSKQAVEHVQSHLSKKQVTSTLFQPYIEE ICESLRGD IFQKFMESDKFTRFCQWKNV ELNIHLTMNEFSVHRI IGRGGFGEVYGCRKADTGKMYAMKCLDKKRIKMKQGETLALNER IMLSLVSTGDCPF IVCMTYAFHTPDKLCF ILDLMNGGDLHYHLSQHGVFSEKEMRFYATE I ILGLEHMHNRFWYRDLKPANILLDEHGHARI SDLGLACDFSKKKPHASVGTHGYMAPE VLQKGTAYDS SADWFSLGCMLFKLLRGHSPFRQHKTKDKHE IDRMTLTVNVELPDTFSPE LKSLLEGLLQRDVSKRLGCHGGGSQEVKEHSFFKGVDWQHVYLQKYPPPLIPPRGEVNAA DAFD IGSFDEEDTKGIKLLDCDQELYKNFPLVI SERWQQEVTETVYEAVNADTDKIEARK RAKNKQLGHEEDYALGKDC IMHGYMLKLGNPFLTQWQRRYFYLFPNRLEWRGEGESRQNL LTMEQILSVEETQIKDKKC ILFRIKGGKQFVLQCESDPEFVQWKKELNETFKEAQRLLRR APKFLNKPRSGTVELPKP SLCHRNSNGL (SEQ ID NO: 3)
[095] As used herein, the term “GRK3-related disease” refers to a diseases or condition that is associated with cells that express or overexpress GRK3 (e.g., cancer cells that express or overexpress GRK3 compared to a reference). In certain embodiments, a GRK3-related disease is a disease or condition associated with aberrant (e.g., increased) activity of GRK3 in a subject. GRK3-related disorders can be identified by assessing a cell or a biopsy of a tissue sample for GRK3 expression and comparing it to GRK3 expression in a reference cell or tissue sample.
[096] As used herein, “degrade” or “degrading” in the context of protein, for example, in the context of GRK2 or GRK3, refers to metabolizing or breaking down said protein. In some embodiments, degrading a protein (e.g., GRK2, GRK3) leads to decreased level of the protein in a subject or cell. In some embodiments, degrading a protein (e.g., GRK2, GRK3) leads to decreased level of activity of the protein (e.g., GRK2 activity, GRK3 activity) or a downstream effect, e.g., relative to a baseline or control level of enzyme activity. As used herein, the term “degrader” refers to a small molecule compound including a degradation moiety, wherein the compound interacts with a protein (e.g., GRK2, GRK3) in a way that results in partial or complete degradation of the protein in a cell or subject. As used herein, the term “degradation moiety” refers to a moiety whose binding results in partial or complete degradation of a protein e.g., GRK2, GRK3). In one example, the degradation moiety binds to a protease or a ubiquitin ligase (i.e., E3 ubiquitin ligase) that metabolizes the protein (e.g., GRK2, GRK3).
[097] As used herein the term “inhibit,” “inhibition,” or “inhibiting” in the context of enzymes, for example, in the context of GRK2 or GRK3, refers to a reduction in the activity of the enzyme or a downstream effect. In some embodiments, the term refers to a reduction of the level of enzyme activity (e.g., GRK2 activity, GRK3 activity) to a level that is statistically significantly lower than an initial level, which may, for example, be a baseline or control level of enzyme activity. In some embodiments, the term refers to a reduction of the level of enzyme activity (e.g., GRK2 activity, GRK3 activity) to a level that is less than 75%, less than 50%, less than 40%, less than 30%, less than 25%, less than 20%, less than 10%, less than 9%, less than 8%, less than 7%, less than 6%, less than 5%, less than 4%, less than 3%, less than 2%, less than 1%, less than 0.5%, less than 0.1%, less than 0.01%, less than 0.001%, or less than 0.0001% of an initial level, which may, for example, be a baseline level of enzyme activity.
[098] As used herein, “level” means a level of a protein, or mRNA encoding the protein, as compared to a reference. The reference can be any useful reference, as defined herein. By a “decreased level” or an “increased level” of a protein is meant a decrease or increase in protein level, as compared to a reference (e.g., a decrease or an increase by about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, about 95%, about 100%, about 150%, about 200%, about 300%, about 400%, about 500%, or more; a decrease or an increase of more than about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 50%, about 75%, about 100%, or about 200%, as compared to a reference; a decrease or an increase by less than about 0.01-fold, about 0.02 -fold, about 0.1-fold, about 0.3-fold, about 0.5-fold, about 0.8-fold, or less; or an increase by more than about 1.2-fold, about 1.4-fold, about 1.5-fold, about 1.8-fold, about 2.0-fold, about 3.0- fold, about 3.5-fold, about 4.5-fold, about 5.0-fold, about 10-fold, about 15-fold, about 20-fold, about 30-fold, about 40-fold, about 50-fold, about 100-fold, about 1000-fold, or more). A level of a protein may be expressed in mass/vol (e.g., g/dL, mg/mL, pg/mL, ng/mL) or percentage relative to total protein or mRNA in a sample.
[099] In certain embodiments, a compound described herein is a “selective” degrader and/or inhibitor that degrades and/or inhibits one or more enzymes to a greater extent than over other enzymes. In certain embodiments, the compounds provided herein are selective GRK2 degraders, i.e., that selectively degrade GRK2 over other proteins (e.g., over other protein kinases, e.g., over other GRK family member proteins). In certain embodiments, the compounds provided herein are selective GRK3 degraders, i.e., that selectively degrade GRK3 over other proteins (e.g., over other protein kinases, e.g., over other GRK family member proteins). In certain embodiments, the selectivity is at least 2-fold, at least 3-fold, at least 5-fold, at least 10- fold, at least 30-fold, at least 50-fold, at least 100-fold, at least 300-fold, at least 500-fold, at least 1,000-fold, at least 3,000-fold, at least 5,000-fold, at least 10,000-fold, at least 30,000-fold, at least 50,000-fold, or at least 100,000-fold. In certain embodiments, the selectivity is not more than 100,000-fold, not more than 10,000- fold, not more than 1,000-fold, not more than 100-fold, not more than 10-fold, or not more than 2-fold. Combinations of the above-referenced ranges (e.g., at least 2-fold and not more than 10,000-fold) are also within the scope of the disclosure.
[100] For example, the selectivity of a compound described herein in inhibiting the activity of GRK2 over a different protein e.g., a different GRK family member protein) may be measured by the quotient of the IC50 value of the compound in inhibiting the activity of the different protein over the IC50 value of the compound in inhibiting the activity of GRK2. The selectivity of a compound described herein for GRK2 over a different protein (e.g., a different GRK family member protein) may also be measured by the quotient of the / value of an adduct of the compound and the different protein over the / value of an adduct of the compound and GRK2.
[101] By a ‘ ‘reference” is meant any useful reference used to compare protein or mRNA levels. The reference can be any sample, standard, standard curve, or level that is used for comparison purposes. The reference can be a normal reference sample or a reference standard or level. A “reference sample” can be, for example, a control, e.g., a predetermined negative control value such as a “normal control” or a prior sample taken from the same subject; a sample from a normal healthy subject, such as a normal cell or normal tissue; a sample (e.g., a cell or tissue) from a subject not having a disease; a sample from a subject that is diagnosed with a disease, but not yet treated with a compound described herein; a sample from a subject that has been treated by a compound described herein; or a sample of a purified protein (e.g., any described herein) at a known normal concentration. By “reference standard or level” is meant a value or number derived from a reference sample. A “normal control value” is a pre-determined value indicative of non-disease state, e.g., a value expected in a healthy control subject. Typically, a normal control value is expressed as a range (“between X and Y”), a high threshold (“no higher than X”), or a low threshold (“no lower than X”). A subject having a measured value within the normal control value for a particular biomarker is typically referred to as “within normal limits” for that biomarker. A normal reference standard or level can be a value or number derived from a normal subject not having a disease or disorder (e.g., cancer); a subject that has been treated with a compound described herein. In preferred embodiments, the reference sample, standard, or level is matched to the sample subject sample by at least one of the following criteria: age, weight, sex, disease stage, and overall health. A standard curve of levels of a purified protein, e.g. , any described herein, within the normal reference range can also be used as a reference.
[102] By “determining the level of a protein” is meant the detection of a protein, or an mRNA encoding the protein, by methods known in the art either directly or indirectly. “Directly determining” means performing a process (e.g., performing an assay or test on a sample or “analyzing a sample” as that term is defined herein) to obtain the physical entity or value. “Indirectly determining” refers to receiving the physical entity or value from another party or source (e.g., a third-party laboratory that directly acquired the physical entity or value). Methods to measure protein level generally include, but are not limited to, western blotting, immunoblotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), radioimmunoassay (RIA), immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, surface plasmon resonance, chemiluminescence, fluorescent polarization, phosphorescence, immunohistochemical analysis, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry, microcytometry, microscopy, fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), and flow cytometry, as well as assays based on a property of a protein including, but not limited to, enzymatic activity or interaction with other protein partners. Methods to measure mRNA levels are known in the art.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN EMBODIMENTS
[103] Provided herein are degraders of GRK family member proteins (e.g., GRK2, GRK3), including compounds of any of the formulae herein (e.g., Formula (I)), pharmaceutical compositions and kits comprising the same, and methods of using the same (e.g., for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases, e.g., cancer, in a subject). In certain embodiments, the compounds provided herein comprise degradation moieties that can aid in the degradation of GRK family member proteins (e.g., GRK2, GRK3) in a cell and/or in a subject. Also provided herein are methods of preparing the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions described herein.
Compounds
[104] Provided herein are compounds of Formula (I):
Figure imgf000034_0001
(I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, tautomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, co-crystals, and prodrugs thereof, wherein:
X1 is CH, CR9, or N;
X3 is -NR1- or -O-;
X4 is -NR8- or -O-;
R1 is hydrogen, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted Ce-io aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted Ci-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group;
R2 and R4 are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group; each instance of R3 is independently halogen, -CN, -OR°, -N(RN)2, -SRS, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 heteroalkyl, or optionally substituted Ci-6 acyl; each instance R6 and R9is independently halogen, -CN, -OR°, -N(RN)2, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, or optionally substituted C1-6 acyl; optionally wherein R1 and R9 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 5-8 membered heterocyclyl; each instance of R7 is independently halogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, -CN, -OR°, -N(RN)2, or -SRs, or two R7 on the same carbon atom are taken together to form =0, or two R7 on the same carbon atom are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl or optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl;
R8 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group; each instance of R° is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or an oxygen protecting group; each instance of RN is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group, or two RN bonded to the same nitrogen atom are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl or optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl; each instance of Rs is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or a sulfur protecting group; a and b are each independently 1 or 2; c is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, as valency permits; m is 0, 1, 2, or 3; n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;
G1 is CH, CR15, or N;
G2, G3, G4, and G5 are each independently CH, CR16, or N; each instance of R15 and R16 is independently halogen, -OR°, -N(RN)2, -SRS, -CN, -NS, -NO2, -SCN, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted Cs s carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, optionally substituted sulfonyl, or optionally substituted sulfinyl;
R13 and R14 are each independently hydrogen, halogen, -OR°, -N(RN)2, -SRS, -CN, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted Cs s carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, or optionally substituted Ci- 6 acyl, or R13 and R14 are taken together to form =0, or R13 and R14 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted Cs s carbocyclyl or optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl; optionally wherein R13 and R15 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted Cs s carbocyclyl or optionally substituted 5-8 membered heterocyclyl;
L1 is a linker selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C1-40 alkylene, optionally substituted C2-40 alkenylene, optionally substituted C2-40 alkynylene, optionally substituted C1-40 heteroalkylene, optionally substituted C2-40 heteroalkenylene, optionally substituted C2-40 heteroalkynylene, optionally substituted C1-40 acylene, and any combination thereof, optionally interrupted with one or more instances of optionally substituted Cs s carbocyclylene, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclylene, optionally substituted C 10 arylene, or optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroarylene, or any combination thereof;
Z1 is a bond, -O-, -NRN-, -S-, -C(=O)-, optionally substituted -CH2-, or optionally substituted heterocyclylene;
Z2 is a bond, -O-, -NRN-, -S-, -C(=O)-, optionally substituted -CH2-, or optionally substituted heterocyclylene; and
Deg is a degradation moiety. [105] In certain embodiments, a compound of Formula (I) is of the formula:
Figure imgf000037_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof.
[106] In certain embodiments, a compound of Formula (I) is of the formula:
Figure imgf000037_0002
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, wherein p 0, 1, 2, or 3.
[107] In certain embodiments, a compound of Formula (I) is of the formula:
Figure imgf000037_0003
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof. [108] In certain embodiments, a compound of Formula (I) is of the formula:
Figure imgf000038_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof.
[109] In certain embodiments, a compound of Formula (I) is of the formula:
Figure imgf000038_0002
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof.
[HO] In certain embodiments, a compound of Formula (I) is of the formula:
Figure imgf000038_0003
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, wherein p is 0, 1, 2, or 3. [111] In certain embodiments, a compound of Formula (I) is of the formula:
Figure imgf000039_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof.
[112] In certain embodiments, a compound of Formula (I) is of the formula:
Figure imgf000039_0002
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof.
[113] In certain embodiments, a compound of Formula (I) is of the formula:
Figure imgf000039_0003
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof. [114] In certain embodiments, a compound of Formula (I) is of the formula:
Figure imgf000040_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, wherein p is 0, 1, 2, or 3.
[115] In certain embodiments, a compound of Formula (I) is of the formula:
Figure imgf000040_0002
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof.
[116] In certain embodiments, the group of the formula:
Figure imgf000040_0003
Figure imgf000040_0004
Figure imgf000041_0001
[117] In certain embodiments, the group of the formula:
Figure imgf000041_0002
f the formula:
Figure imgf000041_0003
wherein:
Y3 is -0-, -NRN-, or -S-; each instance of R17 is independently halogen, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, -CN, -OR°, -N(RN)2, or -SRs, or two R17 on the same carbon atom are taken together to form =0, or two R17 on the same carbon atom are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted Cs s carbocyclyl or optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl; d is 0, 1, or 2; and e is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7, as valency permits.
[118] In certain embodiments, the group of the formula:
Figure imgf000041_0004
f the formula:
Figure imgf000041_0005
f
Figure imgf000041_0007
, formula:
Figure imgf000041_0006
of the formula:
Figure imgf000042_0001
certain embodiments, the group of the formula:
Figure imgf000042_0002
[119] In certain embodiments, for example, a compound of Formula (I) is selected from the compounds recited in Table A (infra), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, tautomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, co-crystals, and prodrugs thereof. In certain embodiments, for example, a compound of Formula (I) is selected from the compounds recited in Table A (infra), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. In certain embodiments, for example, a compound of Formula (I) is selected from the compounds recited in Table A (infra).
[120] In the various aspects and embodiments disclosed herein, express reference to a compound of Formula (I) is understood to alternatively refer to a compound of any disclosed subgenus or species thereof, for example, a compound of Table A (infra).
Table A. Examples of Compounds of Formula (I)
Figure imgf000042_0003
Figure imgf000043_0001
Figure imgf000044_0001
Figure imgf000045_0001
Figure imgf000046_0001
Figure imgf000047_0001
Figure imgf000048_0001
Figure imgf000049_0001
Figure imgf000050_0001
Figure imgf000051_0001
Figure imgf000052_0001
Figure imgf000053_0001
Figure imgf000054_0001
Figure imgf000055_0001
Figure imgf000056_0001
Figure imgf000057_0001
Figure imgf000058_0001
Figure imgf000059_0001
Figure imgf000060_0001
Figure imgf000061_0001
Figure imgf000062_0001
Figure imgf000063_0001
Figure imgf000064_0001
Figure imgf000065_0001
Figure imgf000066_0001
Figure imgf000067_0001
Figure imgf000068_0001
Figure imgf000069_0001
Figure imgf000070_0001
[121] The following definitions and embodiments apply to all generic formulae comprising the relevant groups (e.g., Formulae (I) and any subgenus thereof) provided herein. The recitation of a listing of chemical groups in any definition of a variable herein includes definitions of that variable as any single group or combination of listed groups. The recitation of an embodiment for a variable herein includes that embodiment as any single embodiment or in combination with any other embodiments or portions thereof. The recitation of an embodiment herein includes that embodiment as any single embodiment or in combination with any other embodiments or portions thereof.
Degradation Moiety “Deg”
[122] As defined herein, the group Deg is a degradation moiety. In certain embodiments, the degradation moiety is a ubiquitin ligase (i.e., E3 ubiquitin ligase) binding moiety. In certain embodiments, the ubiquitin ligase binding moiety comprises a Cereblon ligand, an Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) ligand, a mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) ligand, or a von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) ligand. In certain embodiments, Deg
69
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) comprises a Cereblon ligand. In certain embodiments, Deg comprises an Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) ligand. In certain embodiments, Deg comprises a mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) ligand. In certain embodiments, Deg comprises a von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) ligand.
[123] Examples of degradation moieties can be found in, e.g., Sun et al., Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, vol. 4, no. 64 (2019); Paiva et al., Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, vol. 50 (2019), pp. 111- 119; Troup, et al., Exploration of Targeted Anti-Tumor Therapy, 2020, 1, 273-312; Zhou et al. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, vol. 203 (2020), 112539; Scheepstra et al., Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal, Vol. 17 (2019), pp. 160-176, the entire contents of each of which is incorporated herein by reference. Examples of ubiquitin ligases targeted and recruited by degradation moieties can be found in, e.g., Kannt et al., Cell Chemical Biology, Vol. 28, Issue 7 (2021), pp. 1014-1031, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference.
[124] In certain embodiments, Deg is a group of the formula:
Figure imgf000071_0001
wherein:
Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 are each independently CRA1, CH, or N;
R 5 is hydrogen, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group; each instance of RA1 is independently halogen, -CN, -N3, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, -OR°, -N(RN)2, or -SRs;
RA6 and RA7 are independently hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or optionally RA6 and RA7 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl or 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, or optionally RA6 and RA7 are taken together to form =0; each instance of RA1° is independently halogen or optionally substituted Ci-Ce alkyl; and r is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.
[125] In certain embodiments, Deg is a group of the formula:
Figure imgf000071_0002
wherein s is 0, 1, 2, or 3.
Figure imgf000072_0001
[127] In certain embodiments, Deg is a group of one of the following formulae:
Figure imgf000072_0002
wherein:
RB2 and RB5 are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group; each instance of RB6, RB7, and RB8 is independently hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -N3, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted Ce-io aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted Ci-6 acyl, -OR°, -N(RN)2, or -SRs;
RB3 is hydrogen, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted Cs s carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted Ce-io aryl, or optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl;
RB4 is hydrogen, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted Cs s carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted Ce-io aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted Ci-6 acyl, or an oxygen protecting group;
RB9 and RB1° are independently hydrogen or optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, or optionally RB9 and RB1° are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted Cs s carbocyclyl or optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl; each instance of RB11 is independently halogen or optionally substituted Ci-Ce alkyl; q is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; and v2 is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.
[129] In certain embodiments, Deg is a group of the formula:
Figure imgf000073_0001
[130] In certain embodiments, Deg is a group of the formula:
Figure imgf000073_0002
[131] In certain embodiments, Deg is a group of the formula:
Figure imgf000073_0003
wherein:
RCe, RCg, an RCh are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group; optionally wherein RCg and Rch are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl or optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl; each instance of RCa and RCb is independently halogen, -CN, -N3, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, -OR°, -N(RN)2, or -SRs;
RCd and Rcf are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, or optionally substituted Ci 6 acyl; each instance of RCc is independently halogen or optionally substituted Ci-Ce alkyl; y is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; and z is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7.
[132] In certain embodiments, Deg is a group of the formula:
Figure imgf000074_0001
[133] In certain embodiments, Deg is a group of the formula:
Figure imgf000074_0002
[134] In certain embodiments, Deg is a group of the formula:
Figure imgf000074_0003
X1 and R9
[135] As defined herein, X1 is CH, CR9, or N. In certain embodiments, X1 is CH. In certain embodiments, X1 is CR9. In certain embodiments, X1 is N.
[136] As defined herein, R9 is halogen, -CN, -OR°, -N(RN)2, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, or optionally substituted C1-6 acyl. In certain embodiments, R9 is halogen, -CN, -OR°, -N(RN)2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or optionally substituted C1-6 acyl. In certain embodiments, R9 is halogen. In certain embodiments, R9 is -F. In certain embodiments, R9 is -OR° (e.g., -OC1-6 alkyl). In certain embodiments, R9 is -OMe.
[137] In certain embodiments, R1 and R9 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 5-8 membered heterocyclyl. In certain embodiments, R1 and R9 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 7-membered heterocyclyl.
R6 and m
[138] As defined herein, each instance of R6 is independently halogen, -CN, -OR°, -N(RN)2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted Ce-io aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, or optionally substituted C1-6 acyl. In certain embodiments, each instance of R6 is independently halogen, -CN, -OR°, - N(RN)2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or optionally substituted C1-6 acyl. In certain embodiments, each instance of R6 is independently halogen, -OR°, or optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, each instance of R6 is independently halogen or optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R6 is halogen. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R6 is -OR° (e.g., -OCi 6 alkyl). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R6 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R6 is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, Ao-propyl, //-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl).
[139] As defined herein, m is 0, 1, 2, or 3. In certain embodiments, m is 0. In certain embodiments, m is 1. In certain embodiments, m is 2. In certain embodiments, m is 3.
X3 and R1
[140] As defined herein, X3 is -NR1- or -O-. In certain embodiments, X3is -NR1-. In certain embodiments, X3 is -NH-. In certain embodiments, X3 is -O-.
[141] As defined herein, R1 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group. In certain embodiments, R1 is hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R1 is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R1 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R1 is C1-6 alkyl substituted with -OR°. In certain embodiments, R1 is C1-6 alkyl substituted with -OH. In certain embodiments, R1 is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R1 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, Ao-propyl, //-butyl, Ao-butyl, sec -butyl, tert-butyl, and
Figure imgf000076_0001
. In certain embodiments, R1 is methyl.
X4 and R8
[142] X4 is -NR8- or -O-. In certain embodiments, X4 is -NR8-. In certain embodiments, X4 is -NH-. In certain embodiments, X4 is -O-.
[143] As defined herein, R8 is hydrogen, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted Ce 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ce 10 aryl C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group. In certain embodiments, R8 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group. In certain embodiments, R8 is hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R8 is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R8 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R8 is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, //-propyl, /.w-propyl, //-butyl, iso-butyl, sec -butyl, tert-butyl, //-pentyl, //-hexyl.
Figure imgf000076_0002
R7, a, b, and c
[144] As defined herein, each instance of R7 is independently halogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, -CN, -OR°, -N(RN)2, or -SRs, or two R7 on the same carbon atom are taken together to form =0, or two R7 on the same carbon atom are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl or optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl. In certain embodiments, each instance of R7 is independently halogen or optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or two R7 on the same carbon atom are taken together to form =0. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R7 is halogen. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R7 is optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R7 is unsubstituted Ci-6 alkyl (e.g. , methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, //-butyl, isobutyl, sec -butyl, tert-butyl), certain embodiments, In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R7 is methyl. In certain embodiments, two R7 on the same carbon atom are taken together to form =0.
[145] As defined herein, c is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, as valency permits. In certain embodiments, c is 0. In certain embodiments, c is 1. In certain embodiments, c is 2. In certain embodiments, c is 3. In certain embodiments, c is 4. In certain embodiments, c is 5. In certain embodiments, c is 6. In certain embodiments, c is 7. In certain embodiments, c is 8. In certain embodiments, c is 9. In certain embodiments, c is 10.
[146] As defined herein, a is 1 or 2. In certain embodiments, a is 1. In certain embodiments, a is 2.
[147] As defined herein, b is 1 or 2. In certain embodiments, b is 1. In certain embodiments, b is 2.
[148] In certain embodiments, a is 1; and b is 1. In certain embodiments, a is 1; and b is 2. In certain embodiments, a is 2; and b is 1. In certain embodiments, a is 2; and b is 2.
R3 and n
[149] As defined herein, each instance of R3 is independently halogen, -CN, -OR°, -N(RN)2, -SRS, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 heteroalkyl, or optionally substituted Ci-6 acyl. In certain embodiments, each instance of R3 is independently halogen or optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R3 is halogen. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R3 is -F. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R3 is optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R3 is unsubstituted Ci-6 alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, z'so-propyl, //-butyl, isobutyl, sec -butyl, tert-butyl).
[150] As defined herein, n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. In certain embodiments, n is 0. In certain embodiments, n is 1. In certain embodiments, n is 2. In certain embodiments, n is 3. In certain embodiments, n is 4.
R2 and R4
[151] As defined herein, R2 is hydrogen, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group. In certain embodiments, R2 is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R2 is optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R2 is unsubstituted Ci-6 alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, //-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl). In certain embodiments, R2 is optionally substituted Ci-6 acyl. In certain embodiments, R2 is a nitrogen protecting group.
[152] As defined herein, R4 is hydrogen, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group. In certain embodiments, R4 is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R4 is optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R4 is unsubstituted Ci-6 alkyl e.g., methyl, ethyl, //-propyl, isopropyl, //-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl). In certain embodiments, R4 is optionally substituted Ci-6 acyl. In certain embodiments, R4 is a nitrogen protecting group. R13, R14, andR15
[153] As defined herein, R13 is hydrogen, halogen, -0R°, -N(RN)2, -SRS, -CN, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted Ce-io aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, or optionally substituted C1-6 acyl. In certain embodiments, R13 is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or optionally substituted C36 carbocyclyl. In certain embodiments, R13 is hydrogen, -CN, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclyl. In certain embodiments, R13 is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R13 is -CN. In certain embodiments, R13 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R13 is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, //-propyl, Ao-propyl, //-butyl, Ao-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl). In certain embodiments, R13 is substituted C1-6 alkyl (e.g., C1-6 haloalkyl, e.g., -CF3). In certain embodiments, R13 is optionally substituted C36 carbocyclyl. In certain embodiments, R13 is unsubstituted C36 carbocyclyl (e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl). In certain embodiments, R13 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -CN, methyl, ethyl, //-propyl, Ao-propyl, //-butyl, Ao-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, -
F
CF3
Figure imgf000078_0001
. In certain embodiments, R13 is methyl.
[154] As defined herein, R14 is hydrogen, halogen, -OR°, -N(RN)2, -SRS, -CN, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted Ce-io aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, or optionally substituted C1-6 acyl. In certain embodiments, R14 is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or optionally substituted C36 carbocyclyl. In certain embodiments, R14 is hydrogen, -CN, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclyl. In certain embodiments, R14 is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R14 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R14 is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, //-propyl, Ao-propyl, //-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl).
[155] In certain embodiments, R14 is hydrogen; and R13 is hydrogen, -CN, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclyl. In certain embodiments, R14 is hydrogen; and R13 is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R14 is hydrogen; and R13 is -CN. In certain embodiments, R14 is hydrogen; and R13 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R14 is hydrogen; and R13 is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R14 is hydrogen; and R13 is unsubstituted C1-3 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R14 is hydrogen; and R13 is methyl. In certain embodiments, R14 is hydrogen; and R13 is optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclyl. In certain embodiments, R14 is hydrogen; and R13 is unsubstituted C3-6 carbocyclyl. In certain embodiments, R14 is hydrogen; and R13 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -CN, methyl, ethyl,
F
//-propyl, Ao-propyl, //-butyl, Ao-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, -CF3,
Figure imgf000078_0002
, ,
[156] In certain embodiments, R13 and R14 are taken together to form =0; or R13 and R14 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl or optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl. In certain embodiments, R13 and R14 are taken together to form =0. In certain embodiments, R13 and R14 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl or optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl.
[157] As defined herein, R15 is halogen, -0R°, -N(RN)2, -SRS, -CN, -N3, -NO2, -SCN, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, optionally substituted sulfonyl, or optionally substituted sulfinyl. In certain embodiments, R15 is halogen, - OR°, -N(RN)2, -SRS, -CN, -N3, -NO2, -SCN, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or optionally substituted C1-6 acyl. In certain embodiments, R15 is halogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, -OR°, or -N(RN)2. In certain embodiments, R15 is halogen {e.g., -F, -Br, -Cl, -I). In certain embodiments, R15 is -F. In certain embodiments, R15 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R15 is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl {e.g., methyl, ethyl, //-propyl, /'.w-pr pyl, //-butyl, Ao-butyl, sec -butyl, tert-butyl). In certain embodiments, R15 is substituted C1-6 alkyl {e.g., C1-6 haloalkyl, e.g., -CF3). In certain embodiments, R15 is C1-6 haloalkyl. In certain embodiments, R15 is C1-3 haloalkyl. In certain embodiments, R15 is trihalomethyl. In certain embodiment, R15 is -CF3. In certain embodiments, R15 is -OR° {e.g., -OCi 6 alkyl, e.g., -OMe). In certain embodiments, R15 is -O-Ci 6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R15 is -O-C1-3 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R15 is -OMe. In certain embodiments, R15 is -N(RN)2 {e.g., -N(CI-6 alkyl)2, e.g., -NMe2).
[158] In certain embodiments, R13 and R15 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted C4-8 carbocyclyl or optionally substituted 4-8 membered heterocyclyl. In certain embodiments, R13 and R15 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted C4-8 carbocyclyl. In certain embodiments, R13 and R15 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 4-8 membered heterocyclyl. In certain embodiments, R13 and R15 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted Cs s carbocyclyl or optionally substituted 5-8 membered heterocyclyl. In certain embodiments, R13 and R15 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted C5-8 carbocyclyl. In certain embodiments, R13 and R15 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 5-8 membered heterocyclyl.
[159] In certain embodiments, R13 and R15 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 5-7 membered heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, R13 and R15 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 5-7 membered heterocyclyl comprising 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from O, N, and S. In some embodiments, R13 and R15 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 5-7 membered heterocyclyl comprising 1 heteroatom selected from O, N, and S. In some embodiments, R13 and R15 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 5-7 membered heterocyclyl comprising 1 O atom. In certain embodiments, R13 and R15 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 6-membered heterocyclyl. In some embodiments, R13 and R15 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 6-membered heterocyclyl comprising 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from O, N, and S. In some embodiments, R13 and R15 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 6- membered heterocyclyl comprising 1 heteroatom selected from O, N, and S. In some embodiments, R13 and R15 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 6-membered heterocyclyl comprising 1 O atom.
Figure imgf000080_0001
[161] In certain embodiments, R13 and R15 are joined together to form:
Figure imgf000080_0002
certain embodiments,
R13 and R15 are joined together to form:
Figure imgf000080_0003
certain embodiments, R13 and R15 are joined
Co N together to form: . In certain embodiments, R13 and R15 are joined together to form:
Figure imgf000080_0005
certain embodiments, R13 and R15 are joined together to form:
Figure imgf000080_0004
embodiments, R13 and R15 are joined together to form:
Figure imgf000081_0001
certain embodiments, R13 and R15 are
C joined together to form: . In certain embodiments, R13 and R15 are joined together to form:
Figure imgf000081_0003
certain embodiments, R13 and R15 are joined together to form:
Figure imgf000081_0002
certain embodiments, R13 and R15 are joined together to form:
Figure imgf000081_0004
certain embodiments, R13 and R15 are joined together to form:
Figure imgf000081_0005
certain embodiments, R13 and R15 are joined together to form:
Figure imgf000081_0006
Y3, d, R17, and e
[162] As defined herein, Y3 is -O-, -NRN-, or -S-. In certain embodiments, Y3 is -O-. In certain embodiments, Y3 is -NRN- In certain embodiments, Y3 is -NH-. In certain embodiments, Y3 is -S-.
[163] As defined herein, d is 0, 1, or 2. In certain embodiments, d is 0. In certain embodiments, d is 1. In certain embodiments, d is 2.
[164] As defined herein, each instance of R17 is independently halogen, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, -CN, -OR°, -N(RN)2, or -SRs, or two R17 on the same carbon atom are taken together to form =0, or two R17 on the same carbon atom are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted Cs s carbocyclyl or optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl. In certain embodiments, each instance of R17 is independently halogen or optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R17 is optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R17 is unsubstituted Ci-6 alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, Ao-propyl, //-butyl, Ao-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R17 is methyl. In certain embodiments, two R17 on the same carbon atom are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted Cs s carbocyclyl. In certain embodiments, two R17 on the same carbon atom are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted C5-7 carbocyclyl. In certain embodiments, two R17 on the same carbon atom are joined together with the intervening atoms to form unsubstituted C5-7 carbocyclyl. In certain embodiments, two R17 on the same carbon atom are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl comprising 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from O, N, and S. In certain embodiments, two R17 on the same carbon atom are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 5-7 membered heterocyclyl comprising 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from O, N, and S. In certain embodiments, two R17 on the same carbon atom are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 5-7 membered heterocyclyl comprising 1 heteroatom selected from O and N. In certain embodiments, two R17 on the same carbon atom are joined together with the intervening atoms to form unsubstituted 5-7 membered heterocyclyl comprising 1 heteroatom selected from O and N.
[165] As defined herein, e is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7, as valency permits. In certain embodiments, e is 0. In certain embodiments, e is 1. In certain embodiments, e is 2. In certain embodiments, e is 3. In certain embodiments, e is 4. In certain embodiments, e is 5. In certain embodiments, e is 6. In certain embodiments, e is 7.
G1, G2, G3, G4, and G5
[166] As defined herein, G1 is CH, CR15, or N. In some embodiments, G1 is CR15. In some embodiments, G1 is CH. In some embodiments, G1 is N.
[167] As defined herein, G2 is CH, CR16, or N. In some embodiments, G2 is CR16. In some embodiments, G2 is CH. In some embodiments, G2 is N.
[168] As defined herein, G3 is CH, CR16, or N. In some embodiments, G3 is CR16. In some embodiments, G3 is CH. In some embodiments, G3 is N.
[169] As defined herein, G4 is CH, CR16, or N. In some embodiments, G4 is CR16. In some embodiments, G4 is CH. In some embodiments, G4 is N.
[170] As defined herein, G5 is CH, CR16, or N. In some embodiments, G5 is CR16. In some embodiments, G5 is CH. In some embodiments, G5 is N.
R16 and p
[171] As defined herein, each instance of R16 is independently halogen, -OR°, -N(RN)2, -SRS, -CN, -NS, - NO2, -SCN, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2 6 alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted Cs s carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted Ce-io aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, optionally substituted sulfonyl, or optionally substituted sulfinyl. In certain embodiments, each instance of R16 is independently halogen, -OR°, -N(RN)2, -SRS, -CN, -Ns, -NO2, -SCN, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or optionally substituted C1-6 acyl. In certain embodiments, each instance of R16 is independently halogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, -OR°, or -N(RN)2. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R16 is halogen (e.g., -F, -Br, -Cl, -I). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R16 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R16 is unsubstituted Ci- 6 alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, zso-propyl, //-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R16 is substituted Ci-6 alkyl (e.g., Ci-6 haloalkyl, e.g., -CF3). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R16 is -OR° (e.g., -OCi 6 alkyl, e.g., -OMe). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R16 is -N(RN)z (e.g., -N(CI-6 alkyl)2, e.g., -NMez).
[172] In certain embodiments, p is 0, 1, 2, or 3. In certain embodiments, p is 0. In certain embodiments, p is 1. In certain embodiments, p is 2. In certain embodiments, p is 3.
L1, L2, Z1, and Z2
[173] As defined herein, L1 is a linker selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C1-40 alkylene, optionally substituted C2-40 alkenylene, optionally substituted C2-40 alkynylene, optionally substituted Ci-40 heteroalkylene, optionally substituted C2-40 heteroalkenylene, optionally substituted C2-40 heteroalkynylene, optionally substituted C1-40 acylene, and any combination thereof, optionally interrupted with one or more instances of optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclylene, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclylene, optionally substituted Ce-io arylene, or optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroarylene, or any combination thereof.
[174] In certain embodiments, L1 is optionally substituted C1-40 alkylene or optionally substituted C1-40 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, L1 is optionally substituted C1-40 alkylene. In certain embodiments, L1 is optionally substituted C1-40 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, L1 is optionally substituted C1-30 alkylene or optionally substituted C1-30 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, L1 is optionally substituted Ci- 30 alkylene. In certain embodiments, L1 is optionally substituted C1-30 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, L1 is optionally substituted C1-20 alkylene or optionally substituted C1-20 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, L1 is optionally substituted C1-20 alkylene. In certain embodiments, L1 is optionally substituted C1-20 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, the alkylene or heteroalkylene of L1 is substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) instances of =0. In certain embodiments, the heteroalkylene of L1 comprises one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) heteroatoms independently selected from of O and N. In certain embodiments, the heteroalkylene of L1 comprises one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) groups independently selected from -C(=O)-, -O-, -NRN-, -OC(=O)-, -C(=O)O-, -NRNC(=O)-, and - C(=O)NRN-. In certain embodiments, the heteroalkylene comprises one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) groups independently selected from -C(=O)-, -O-, -NH-, -OC(=O)-, -C(=O)O-, -NHC(=O)-, and- C(=O)NH-.
[175] In certain embodiments, L1 is unsubstituted C1-40 alkylene. In certain embodiments, L1 is unsubstituted Ci-40 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, L1 is unsubstituted C1-30 alkylene. In certain embodiments, L1 is unsubstituted C1-30 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, L1 is unsubstituted C1-20 alkylene. In certain embodiments, L1 is unsubstituted C1-20 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, the heteroalkylene of L1 comprises one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) heteroatoms independently selected from O and N. In certain embodiments, the heteroalkylene of L1 comprises one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) groups independently selected from -O- and -NH-. [176] In certain embodiments, for example, L1 is of one of the following formulae:
Figure imgf000084_0001
[177] In certain embodiments, for example, L1 is of one of the following formulae:
Figure imgf000084_0002
Figure imgf000085_0001
[178] In certain embodiments, the alkylene or heteroalkylene of L1 is interrupted with at least one instance of optionally substituted triazolylene. In certain embodiments, the alkylene or heteroalkylene of L1 is interrupted
Figure imgf000086_0001
[179] In certain embodiments, for example, L1 is of one of the following formulae:
Figure imgf000086_0002
Figure imgf000087_0001
Figure imgf000088_0001
[180] In certain embodiments, for example, L1 is of one of the following formulae:
Figure imgf000089_0001
[181] As defined herein, L2 is a linker selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C1-40 alkylene, optionally substituted C2-40 alkenylene, optionally substituted C2-40 alkynylene, optionally substituted Ci-40 heteroalkylene, optionally substituted C2-40 heteroalkenylene, optionally substituted C2-40 heteroalkynylene, optionally substituted C1-40 acylene, and any combination thereof, optionally interrupted with one or more instances of optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclylene, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclylene, optionally substituted C 10 arylene, or optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroarylene, or any combination thereof.
[182] In certain embodiments, L2is optionally substituted C1-40 alkylene or optionally substituted C1-40 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, L2is optionally substituted C1-40 alkylene. In certain embodiments, L2 is optionally substituted C1-40 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, L2is optionally substituted C1-30 alkylene or optionally substituted C1-30 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, L2is optionally substituted Ci- 30 alkylene. In certain embodiments, L2is optionally substituted C1-30 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, L2is optionally substituted C1-20 alkylene or optionally substituted C1-20 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, L2is optionally substituted C1-20 alkylene. In certain embodiments, L2is optionally substituted C1-20 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, the alkylene or heteroalkylene of L2 is substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) instances of =0. In certain embodiments, the heteroalkylene of L2 comprises one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) heteroatoms independently selected from of O and N. In certain embodiments, the heteroalkylene of L2 comprises one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) groups independently selected from -C(=O)-, -O-, -NRN-, -OC(=O)-, -C(=O)O-, -NRNC(=O)-, and - C(=O)NRN- In certain embodiments, the heteroalkylene comprises one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) groups independently selected from -C(=O)-, -O-, -NH-, -OC(=O)-, -C(=O)O-, -NHC(=O)-, and- C(=O)NH-.
[183] In certain embodiments, L2is unsubstituted C1-40 alkylene. In certain embodiments, L2is unsubstituted Ci-40 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, L2is unsubstituted C1-30 alkylene. In certain embodiments, L2is unsubstituted C1-30 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, L2is unsubstituted C1-20 alkylene. In certain embodiments, L2is unsubstituted C1-20 heteroalkylene. In certain embodiments, the heteroalkylene of L2 comprises one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) heteroatoms independently selected from O and N. In certain embodiments, the heteroalkylene of L2 comprises one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) groups independently selected from -O- and -NH-.
[184] In certain embodiments, for example, L2 is of one of the following formulae:
Figure imgf000090_0001
[185] In certain embodiments, for example, L2 is of one of the following formulae:
Figure imgf000090_0002
[186] In certain embodiments, the alkylene or heteroalkylene of L2 is interrupted with at least one instance of optionally substituted triazolylene. In certain embodiments, the alkylene or heteroalkylene of L2 is interrupted with at least one instance of:
Figure imgf000090_0003
Figure imgf000091_0001
Figure imgf000092_0001
Figure imgf000093_0001
[188] In certain embodiments, L2 is of one of the following formulae:
Figure imgf000093_0002
[189] As defined herein, Z1 is a bond, -O-, -NRN-, -S-, -C(=O)-, optionally substituted -CH2-, or optionally substituted heterocyclylene. In certain embodiments, Z1 is a bond. In certain embodiments, Z1 is - O-. In certain embodiments, Z1 is -NRN- In certain embodiments, Z1 is -NH-. In certain embodiments, Z1 is -S-. In certain embodiments, Z1 is -C(=O)-. In certain embodiments, Z1 is optionally substituted -CH2-. In certain embodiments, Z1 is optionally substituted heterocyclylene.
[190] As defined herein, Z2 is a bond, -O-, -NRN-, -S-, -C(=O)-, optionally substituted -CH2-, or optionally substituted heterocyclylene. In certain embodiments, Z2 is a bond. In certain embodiments, Z2 is - O-. In certain embodiments, Z2 is -NRN-. In certain embodiments, Z2 is -NH-. In certain embodiments, Z2 is -NH- or -O-. In certain embodiments, Z2 is -S-. In certain embodiments, Z2 is -C(=O)-. In certain embodiments, Z2 is optionally substituted -CH2-. In certain embodiments, Z2 is optionally substituted heterocyclylene. In certain embodiments, Z2 is optionally substituted 5-6 membered heterocyclylene. In certain embodiments, Z2 is optionally substituted 5-6 membered heterocyclylene comprising 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O, N, and S. In certain embodiments, Z2 is optionally substituted 5-6 membered heterocyclylene comprising 2 N atoms. In certain embodiments, Z2 is unsubstituted 5-6 membered heterocyclylene comprising 2 N atoms. In certain embodiments, Z2 is optionally substituted 6-membered heterocyclylene. In certain embodiments, Z2 is optionally substituted 6-membered heterocyclylene comprising 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O, N, and S. In certain embodiments, Z2 is optionally substituted 6- membered heterocyclylene comprising 2 N atoms. In certain embodiments, Z2 is unsubstituted 6-membered heterocyclylene comprising 2 N atoms. In certain embodiments, Z2 is of the formula:
Figure imgf000094_0001
[191] In certain embodiments, the group -Z'-L'-Z2- is of one of the following formulae:
Figure imgf000094_0002
[192] In certain embodiments, the group -Z'-L'-Z2- is of one of the following formulae:
Figure imgf000095_0001
Figure imgf000096_0001
R°, RN, and Rs
[193] As defined herein, each instance of R° is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted Ce-io aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or an oxygen protecting group. In certain embodiments, each instance of R° is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or an oxygen protecting group. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R° is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R° is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R° is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R° is selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, Ao-propyl, //-butyl, secbutyl, iso-butyl, or tert-butyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R° is optionally substituted C1-6 acyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R° is an oxygen protecting group.
[194] As defined herein, each instance of RN is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted Ce-io aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group, or two RN bonded to the same nitrogen atom are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl or optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, each instance of RN is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of RN is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of RN is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of RN is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of RN is selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, //-butyl, secbutyl, iso-butyl, or tert-butyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of RN is optionally substituted C1-6 acyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of RN is a nitrogen protecting group. In certain embodiments, two RN bonded to the same nitrogen atom are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl or optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, two RN bonded to the same nitrogen atom are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl. In certain embodiments, two RN bonded to the same nitrogen atom are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 5-7 membered heterocyclyl comprising 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from O, N, and S. In certain embodiments, two RN bonded to the same nitrogen atom are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 5-7 membered heterocyclyl comprising 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O and N. In certain embodiments, two RN bonded to the same nitrogen atom are joined together with the intervening atoms to form unsubstituted 5-7 membered heterocyclyl comprising 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O and N. [195] As defined herein, each instance of Rs is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or a sulfur protecting group. In certain embodiments, each instance of Rs is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or a sulfur protecting group. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of Rs is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of Rs is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of Rs is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of Rs is selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, Ao-propyl, //-butyl, secbutyl, iso-butyl, or tert-butyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of Rs is optionally substituted C1-6 acyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of Rs is a sulfur protecting group.
Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, RA1, and s
[196] As defined herein, Q1 is CRA1, CH, or N. In certain embodiments, Q1 is CRA1. In certain embodiments, Q1 is CH. In certain embodiments, Q1 is N.
[197] As defined herein, Q2 is CRA1, CH, or N. In certain embodiments, Q2 is CRA1. In certain embodiments, Q2 is CH. In certain embodiments, Q2 is N.
[198] As defined herein, Q3 is CRA1, CH, or N. In certain embodiments, Q3 is CRA1. In certain embodiments, Q3 is CH. In certain embodiments, Q3 is N.
[199] As defined herein, Q4 is CRA1, CH, or N. In certain embodiments, Q4 is CRA1. In certain embodiments, Q4 is CH. In certain embodiments, Q4 is N.
[200] In certain embodiments, Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 are independently CRA1 or CH. In certain embodiments, Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 are independently CRA1. In certain embodiments, Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 are CH.
[201] As defined herein, each instance of RA1 is independently halogen, -CN, -N3, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted Ce-io aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, -OR°, -N(RN)2, or -SRs. In certain embodiments, each instance of RA1 is independently halogen, -CN, -N3, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, -OR°, -N(RN)2, or -SRs. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of RA1 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of RA1 is halogen. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of RA1 is - F.
[202] As defined herein, s is 0, 1, 2, or 3. In certain embodiments, s is 0. In certain embodiments, s is 1. In certain embodiments, s is 2. In certain embodiments, s is 3.
RA5, RA6, RA7, RAI°, and r
[203] As defined herein, RA5 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group. In certain embodiments, RA5 is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, RA5 is optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, RA5 is optionally substituted Ci-6 acyl. In certain embodiments, R 5 is a nitrogen protecting group.
[204] As defined herein, RA6 is hydrogen or optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, RA6 is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, RA6 is optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl. As defined herein, RA7 is hydrogen or optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, RA7 is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, RA7 is optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, RA6 and RA7 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl or 3-8 membered heterocyclyl. In certain embodiments, RA6 and RA7 are taken together to form =0.
[205] As defined herein, each instance of RA1° is independently halogen or optionally substituted Ci-Ce alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of RA1° is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of RA1° is halogen.
[206] As defined herein, r is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. In certain embodiments, r is 0. In certain embodiments, r is 1. In certain embodiments, r is 2. In certain embodiments, r is 3. In certain embodiments, r is 4. In certain embodiments, r is 5.
RB2, RB1, R84, RB5, RB6, RB7, RB8, RB9, RBI°, RB“, q and v2
[207] As defined herein, RB2 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group. In certain embodiments, RB2 is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, RB2 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, RB2 is optionally substituted C1-6 acyl. In certain embodiments, RB2 is a nitrogen protecting group.
[208] As defined herein, RB5 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group. In certain embodiments, RB5 is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, RB5 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, RB5 is optionally substituted C1-6 acyl. In certain embodiments, RB5 is a nitrogen protecting group.
[209] As defined herein, each instance of RB6 is independently hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -N3, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted Ce-io aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, -OR°, -N(RN)2, or -SRs. In certain embodiments, each instance of RB6 is independently halogen, -CN, -N3, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, - OR°, -N(RN)2, or -SRs. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of RB6 is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of RB6 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of RB6 is halogen.
[210] As defined herein, RB7 is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -N3, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted Ce-io aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, -OR°, -N(RN)2, or -SRs. In certain embodiments, RB7 is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -N3, -NO2, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 acyl, -OR°, -N(RN)2, or -SRs. In certain embodiments, RB7 is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, RB7 is halogen. In certain embodiments, RB7 is optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, RB7 is unsubstituted Ci-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, RB7 is unsubstituted C1-3 alkyl. In certain embodiments, RB7 is methyl.
[211] As defined herein, RB8 is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -N3, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, -OR°, -N(RN)2, or -SRs. In certain embodiments, RB8 is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -N3, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, -OR°, -N(RN)2, or -SRs. In certain embodiments, RB8 is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, RB8 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, RB8 is halogen.
[212] As defined herein, RB3 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, or optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, RB3 is hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, RB3 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, RB3 is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, R3B is tert-butyl.
[213] As defined herein, RB4 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or an oxygen protecting group. In certain embodiments, RB4 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or an oxygen protecting group. In certain embodiments, RB4 is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, RB4 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl.
[214] As defined herein, RB9 is hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, RB9 is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, RB9 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, RB9 is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, RB9 is unsubstituted C1-3 alkyl. In certain embodiments, RB9 is methyl.
[215] As defined herein, RB1° is hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, RB1° is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, RB1° is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl.
[216] In certain embodiments, RB9 and RB1° are hydrogen. In certain embodiments, RB9 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl; and RB1° is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, RB9 is unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl; and RB1° is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, RB9 is unsubstituted C1-3 alkyl; and RB1° is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, RB9 is methyl; and RB1° is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, RB9 and RB1° are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl or optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl.
[217] In certain embodiments, each instance of RB11 is independently halogen or optionally substituted Ci-Ce alkyl. In certain embodiments, RB11 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, RB11 is halogen. [218] In certain embodiments, q is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. In certain embodiments, q is 0. In certain embodiments, q is 1. In certain embodiments, q is 2. In certain embodiments, q is 3. In certain embodiments, q is 4. In certain embodiments, q is 5.
[219] In certain embodiments, v2 is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. In certain embodiments, v2 is 0. In certain embodiments, v2 is 1. In certain embodiments, v2 is 2. In certain embodiments, v2 is 3. In certain embodiments, v2 is 4.
RCa, Rcb, RCc, RCd, RCe, RCf, RCg, Rch, y and z
[220] As defined herein, each instance of RCa is independently hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -N3, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted Ce-io aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, -OR°, -N(RN)2, or -SRs. In certain embodiments, each instance of RCa is independently hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -N3, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci- 6 acyl, -OR°, -N(RN)2, or -SRs. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of RCa is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of RCa is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of RCa is halogen.
[221] As defined herein, RCb is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -N3, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted Ce-io aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, -OR°, -N(RN)2, or -SRs. In certain embodiments, RCb is hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -N3, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, -OR°, -N(RN)2, or -SRs. In certain embodiments, RCb is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of RCb is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of RCb is halogen.
[222] As defined herein, each instance of RCc is independently halogen or optionally substituted Ci-Ce alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of RCc is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of RCc is halogen.
[223] As defined herein, RCd is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted Ce-io aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, or optionally substituted Ci- 6 acyl. In certain embodiments, RCd is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl. In certain embodiments, RCd is optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl. In certain embodiments, RCd is optionally substituted C5-7 carbocyclyl. In certain embodiments, RCd is optionally substituted Cr, carbocyclyl. In certain embodiments, RCd is unsubstituted C3-8 carbocyclyl. In certain embodiments, RCd is unsubstituted C5-7 carbocyclyl. In certain embodiments, RCd is:
Figure imgf000101_0001
.
[224] As defined herein, RCe is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group. In certain embodiments, RCe is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, RCe is optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, RCe is optionally substituted Ci-6 acyl. In certain embodiments, RCe is a nitrogen protecting group.
[225] As defined herein, Rcf is hydrogen, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, or optionally substituted Ci 6 acyl. In certain embodiments, Rcfis hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, Rcf is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, Rcfis optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, Rcfis unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, Rcf is unsubstituted C1-3 alkyl. In certain embodiments, Rcf is methyl.
[226] As defined herein, RCgis hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group. In certain embodiments, RCg is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, RCgis optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, RCgis unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, RCgis unsubstituted C1-3 alkyl. In certain embodiments, RCgis methyl. In certain embodiments, RCgis unsubstituted C1-6 acyl. In certain embodiments, RCgis a nitrogen protecting group.
[227] As defined herein, Rchis hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group. In certain embodiments, Rchis hydrogen. In certain embodiments, Rch is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, Rchis unsubstituted C1-6 acyl. In certain embodiments, Rchis a nitrogen protecting group.
[228] In certain embodiments, RCgis optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl; and Rchis hydrogen. In certain embodiments, RCgis unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl; and Rchis hydrogen. In certain embodiments, RCgis unsubstituted C1-3 alkyl; and Rchis hydrogen. In certain embodiments, RCgis methyl; and Rchis hydrogen. In certain embodiments, RCg and Rch are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl or optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl.
[229] In certain embodiments, y is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. In certain embodiments, y is 0. In certain embodiments, y is 1. In certain embodiments, y is 2. In certain embodiments, y is 3. In certain embodiments, y is 4.
[230] In certain embodiments, z is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7. In certain embodiments, z is 0. In certain embodiments, z is 1. In certain embodiments, z is 2. In certain embodiments, z is 3. In certain embodiments, z is 4. In certain embodiments, z is 5. In certain embodiments, z is 6. In certain embodiments, z is 7.
Pharmaceutical Compositions, Kits, and Administration
[231] The present disclosure provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound provided herein (e.g., a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof). The pharmaceutical composition may comprise one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers/excipients. In certain embodiments, a compound described herein is provided in an effective amount in the pharmaceutical composition. In certain embodiments, the effective amount is a therapeutically effective amount. In certain embodiments, the effective amount is a prophylactically effective amount. [232] Pharmaceutical compositions described herein can be prepared by any method known in the art of pharmacology. In general, such preparatory methods include bringing the compound described herein (i.e., the “active ingredient”) into association with a carrier or excipient, and/or one or more other accessory ingredients, and then, if necessary and/or desirable, shaping, and/or packaging the product into a desired single- or multi-dose unit.
[233] Pharmaceutical compositions can be prepared, packaged, and/or sold in bulk, as a single unit dose, and/or as a plurality of single unit doses. A “unit dose” is a discrete amount of the pharmaceutical composition comprising a predetermined amount of the active ingredient. The amount of the active ingredient is generally equal to the dosage of the active ingredient which would be administered to a subject and/or a convenient fraction of such a dosage, such as one -half or one -third of such a dosage.
[234] Relative amounts of the active ingredient, the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, and/or any additional ingredients in a pharmaceutical composition described herein will vary, depending upon the identity, size, and/or condition of the subject treated and further depending upon the route by which the composition is to be administered. The composition may comprise between 0.1% and 100% (w/w) active ingredient.
[235] Pharmaceutically acceptable excipients used in the manufacture of provided pharmaceutical compositions include inert diluents, dispersing and/or granulating agents, surface active agents and/or emulsifiers, disintegrating agents, binding agents, preservatives, buffering agents, lubricating agents, and/or oils. Excipients such as cocoa butter and suppository waxes, coloring agents, coating agents, sweetening, flavoring, and perfuming agents may also be present in the composition.
[236] Exemplary diluents include calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, calcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphate lactose, sucrose, cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, kaolin, mannitol, sorbitol, inositol, sodium chloride, dry starch, cornstarch, powdered sugar, and mixtures thereof.
[237] Exemplary granulating and/or dispersing agents include potato starch, corn starch, tapioca starch, sodium starch glycolate, clays, alginic acid, guar gum, citrus pulp, agar, bentonite, cellulose, and wood products, natural sponge, cation-exchange resins, calcium carbonate, silicates, sodium carbonate, cross-linked poly( vinyl-pyrrolidone) (crospovidone), sodium carboxymethyl starch (sodium starch glycolate), carboxymethyl cellulose, cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (croscarmellose), methylcellulose, pregelatinized starch (starch 1500), microcrystalline starch, water insoluble starch, calcium carboxymethyl cellulose, magnesium aluminum silicate (Veegum), sodium lauryl sulfate, quaternary ammonium compounds, and mixtures thereof.
[238] Exemplary surface active agents and/or emulsifiers include natural emulsifiers (e.g., acacia, agar, alginic acid, sodium alginate, tragacanth, chondrux, cholesterol, xanthan, pectin, gelatin, egg yolk, casein, wool fat, cholesterol, wax, and lecithin), colloidal clays (e.g., bentonite (aluminum silicate) and Veegum (magnesium aluminum silicate)), long chain amino acid derivatives, high molecular weight alcohols (e.g., stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, triacetin monostearate, ethylene glycol distearate, glyceryl monostearate, and propylene glycol monostearate, polyvinyl alcohol), carbomers (e.g., carboxy polymethylene, polyacrylic acid, acrylic acid polymer, and carboxyvinyl polymer), carrageenan, cellulosic derivatives (e.g., carboxymethylcellulose sodium, powdered cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methylcellulose), sorbitan fatty acid esters (e.g., polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Tween® 20), polyoxyethylene sorbitan (Tween® 60), polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween® 80), sorbitan monopalmitate (Span® 40), sorbitan monostearate (Span® 60), sorbitan tristearate (Span® 65), glyceryl monooleate, sorbitan monooleate (Span® 80), polyoxyethylene esters (e.g., polyoxyethylene monostearate (Myrj® 45), polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, poly ethoxylated castor oil, polyoxymethylene stearate, and Solutol®), sucrose fatty acid esters, polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters (e.g., Cremophor®), polyoxyethylene ethers, (e.g., polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (Brij® 30)), polyvinylpyrrolidone), diethylene glycol monolaurate, triethanolamine oleate, sodium oleate, potassium oleate, ethyl oleate, oleic acid, ethyl laurate, sodium lauryl sulfate, Pluronic® F-68, poloxamer P-188, cetrimonium bromide, cetylpyridinium chloride, benzalkonium chloride, docusate sodium, and/or mixtures thereof.
[239] Exemplary binding agents include starch (e.g., cornstarch and starch paste), gelatin, sugars (e.g., sucrose, glucose, dextrose, dextrin, molasses, lactose, lactitol, mannitol, etc.), natural and synthetic gums (e.g., acacia, sodium alginate, extract of Irish moss, panwar gum, ghatti gum, mucilage of isapol husks, carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxy ethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, cellulose acetate, poly( vinyl-pyrrolidone), magnesium aluminum silicate (Veegum®), and larch arabogalactan), alginates, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, inorganic calcium salts, silicic acid, polymethacrylates, waxes, water, alcohol, and/or mixtures thereof.
[240] Exemplary preservatives include antioxidants, chelating agents, antimicrobial preservatives, antifungal preservatives, antiprotozoan preservatives, alcohol preservatives, acidic preservatives, and other preservatives. In certain embodiments, the preservative is an antioxidant. In other embodiments, the preservative is a chelating agent.
[241] Exemplary antioxidants include alpha tocopherol, ascorbic acid, ascorbyl palmitate, butylated hydroxy anisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, monothioglycerol, potassium metabisulfite, propionic acid, propyl gallate, sodium ascorbate, sodium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, and sodium sulfite.
[242] Exemplary chelating agents include ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and salts and hydrates thereof (e.g., sodium edetate, disodium edetate, trisodium edetate, calcium disodium edetate, dipotassium edetate, and the like), citric acid and salts and hydrates thereof e.g., citric acid monohydrate), fumaric acid and salts and hydrates thereof, malic acid and salts and hydrates thereof, phosphoric acid and salts and hydrates thereof, and tartaric acid and salts and hydrates thereof. Exemplary antimicrobial preservatives include benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, benzyl alcohol, bronopol, cetrimide, cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorhexidine, chlorobutanol, chlorocresol, chloroxylenol, cresol, ethyl alcohol, glycerin, hexetidine, imidurea, phenol, phenoxyethanol, phenylethyl alcohol, phenylmercuric nitrate, propylene glycol, and thimerosal. [243] Exemplary antifungal preservatives include butyl paraben, methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben, benzoic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, potassium benzoate, potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, sodium propionate, and sorbic acid.
[244] Exemplary alcohol preservatives include ethanol, polyethylene glycol, phenol, phenolic compounds, bisphenol, chlorobutanol, hydroxybenzoate, and phenylethyl alcohol.
[245] Exemplary acidic preservatives include vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, citric acid, acetic acid, dehydroacetic acid, ascorbic acid, sorbic acid, and phytic acid.
[246] Other preservatives include tocopherol, tocopherol acetate, deteroxime mesylate, cetrimide, butylated hydroxyanisol (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluened (BHT), ethylenediamine, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), sodium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, potassium sulfite, potassium metabisulfite, Glydant® Plus, Phenonip®, methylparaben, Germall® 115, Germaben® II, NeoIone®, Kathon®, and Euxyl®.
[247] Exemplary buffering agents include citrate buffer solutions, acetate buffer solutions, phosphate buffer solutions, ammonium chloride, calcium carbonate, calcium chloride, calcium citrate, calcium glubionate, calcium gluceptate, calcium gluconate, D-gluconic acid, calcium glycerophosphate, calcium lactate, propanoic acid, calcium levulinate, pentanoic acid, dibasic calcium phosphate, phosphoric acid, tribasic calcium phosphate, calcium hydroxide phosphate, potassium acetate, potassium chloride, potassium gluconate, potassium mixtures, dibasic potassium phosphate, monobasic potassium phosphate, potassium phosphate mixtures, sodium acetate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, sodium citrate, sodium lactate, dibasic sodium phosphate, monobasic sodium phosphate, sodium phosphate mixtures, tromethamine, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, alginic acid, pyrogen-free water, isotonic saline, Ringer’s solution, ethyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof.
[248] Exemplary lubricating agents include magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, stearic acid, silica, talc, malt, glyceryl behanate, hydrogenated vegetable oils, polyethylene glycol, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride, leucine, magnesium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, and mixtures thereof.
[249] Exemplary natural oils include almond, apricot kernel, avocado, babassu, bergamot, black current seed, borage, cade, camomile, canola, caraway, carnauba, castor, cinnamon, cocoa butter, coconut, cod liver, coffee, corn, cotton seed, emu, eucalyptus, evening primrose, fish, flaxseed, geraniol, gourd, grape seed, hazel nut, hyssop, isopropyl myristate, jojoba, kukui nut, lavandin, lavender, lemon, litsea cubeba, macademia nut, mallow, mango seed, meadowfoam seed, mink, nutmeg, olive, orange, orange roughy, palm, palm kernel, peach kernel, peanut, poppy seed, pumpkin seed, rapeseed, rice bran, rosemary, safflower, sandalwood, sasquana, savoury, sea buckthorn, sesame, shea butter, silicone, soybean, sunflower, tea tree, thistle, tsubaki, vetiver, walnut, and wheat germ oils. Exemplary synthetic oils include, but are not limited to, butyl stearate, caprylic triglyceride, capric triglyceride, cyclomethicone, diethyl sebacate, dimethicone 360, isopropyl myristate, mineral oil, octyldodecanol, oleyl alcohol, silicone oil, and mixtures thereof.
[250] Liquid dosage forms for oral and parenteral administration include pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, microemulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs. In addition to the active ingredients, the liquid dosage forms may comprise inert diluents commonly used in the art such as, for example, water or other solvents, solubilizing agents and emulsifiers such as ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, dimethylformamide, oils (e.g., cottonseed, groundnut, corn, germ, olive, castor, and sesame oils), glycerol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, polyethylene glycols and fatty acid esters of sorbitan, and mixtures thereof. Besides inert diluents, the oral compositions can include adjuvants such as wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, sweetening, flavoring, and perfuming agents. In certain embodiments for parenteral administration, the conjugates described herein are mixed with solubilizing agents such as Cremophor®, alcohols, oils, modified oils, glycols, polysorbates, cyclodextrins, polymers, and mixtures thereof.
[251] Injectable preparations, for example, sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspensions can be formulated according to the known art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents. The sterile injectable preparation can be a sterile injectable solution, suspension, or emulsion in a nontoxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example, as a solution in 1,3-butanediol. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that can be employed are water, Ringer’s solution, U.S.P., and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition, sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose, any bland fixed oil can be employed including synthetic mono- or di-glycerides. In addition, fatty acids such as oleic acid are used in the preparation of injectables. The injectable formulations can be sterilized, for example, by filtration through a bacterial-retaining filter, or by incorporating sterilizing agents in the form of sterile solid compositions which can be dissolved or dispersed in sterile water or other sterile injectable medium prior to use.
[252] In order to prolong the effect of a drug, it is often desirable to slow the absorption of the drug from subcutaneous or intramuscular injection. This can be accomplished by the use of a liquid suspension of crystalline or amorphous material with poor water solubility. The rate of absorption of the drug then depends upon its rate of dissolution, which, in turn, may depend upon crystal size and crystalline form. Alternatively, delayed absorption of a parenterally administered drug form may be accomplished by dissolving or suspending the drug in an oil vehicle.
[253] Solid dosage forms for oral administration include capsules, tablets, pills, powders, and granules. In such solid dosage forms, the active ingredient is mixed with at least one inert, pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier such as sodium citrate or dicalcium phosphate and/or (a) fillers or extenders such as starches, lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, and silicic acid, (b) binders such as, for example, carboxymethylcellulose, alginates, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidinone, sucrose, and acacia, (c) humectants such as glycerol, (d) disintegrating agents such as agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca starch, alginic acid, certain silicates, and sodium carbonate, (e) solution retarding agents such as paraffin, (f) absorption accelerators such as quaternary ammonium compounds, (g) wetting agents such as, for example, cetyl alcohol and glycerol monostearate, (h) absorbents such as kaolin and bentonite clay, and (i) lubricants such as talc, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, solid polyethylene glycols, sodium lauryl sulfate, and mixtures thereof. In the case of capsules, tablets, and pills, the dosage form may include a buffering agent.
[254] Solid compositions of a similar type can be employed as fillers in soft and hard-filled gelatin capsules using such excipients as lactose or milk sugar as well as high molecular weight polyethylene glycols and the like. The solid dosage forms of tablets, dragees, capsules, pills, and granules can be prepared with coatings and shells such as enteric coatings and other coatings well known in the art of pharmacology. They may optionally comprise opacifying agents and can be of a composition that they release the active ingredient(s) only, or preferentially, in a certain part of the intestinal tract, optionally, in a delayed manner. Examples of encapsulating compositions which can be used include polymeric substances and waxes. Solid compositions of a similar type can be employed as fillers in soft and hard-filled gelatin capsules using such excipients as lactose or milk sugar as well as high molecular weight polethylene glycols and the like.
[255] The active ingredient can be in a micro-encapsulated form with one or more excipients as noted above. The solid dosage forms of tablets, dragees, capsules, pills, and granules can be prepared with coatings and shells such as enteric coatings, release controlling coatings, and other coatings well known in the pharmaceutical formulating art. In such solid dosage forms the active ingredient can be admixed with at least one inert diluent such as sucrose, lactose, or starch. Such dosage forms may comprise, as is normal practice, additional substances other than inert diluents, e.g., tableting lubricants and other tableting aids such a magnesium stearate and microcrystalline cellulose. In the case of capsules, tablets and pills, the dosage forms may comprise buffering agents. They may optionally comprise opacifying agents and can be of a composition that they release the active ingredient(s) only, or preferentially, in a certain part of the intestinal tract, optionally, in a delayed manner. Examples of encapsulating agents which can be used include polymeric substances and waxes.
[256] Dosage forms for topical and/or transdermal administration of a compound described herein may include ointments, pastes, creams, lotions, gels, powders, solutions, sprays, inhalants, and/or patches. Generally, the active ingredient is admixed under sterile conditions with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient and/or any needed preservatives and/or buffers as can be required. Additionally, the present disclosure contemplates the use of transdermal patches, which often have the added advantage of providing controlled delivery of an active ingredient to the body. Such dosage forms can be prepared, for example, by dissolving and/or dispensing the active ingredient in the proper medium. Alternatively or additionally, the rate can be controlled by either providing a rate controlling membrane and/or by dispersing the active ingredient in a polymer matrix and/or gel.
[257] Suitable devices for use in delivering intradermal pharmaceutical compositions described herein include short needle devices. Intradermal compositions can be administered by devices which limit the effective penetration length of a needle into the skin. Alternatively or additionally, conventional syringes can be used in the classical mantoux method of intradermal administration. Jet injection devices which deliver liquid formulations to the dermis via a liquid jet injector and/or via a needle which pierces the stratum corneum and produces a jet which reaches the dermis are suitable. Ballistic powder/particle delivery devices which use compressed gas to accelerate the compound in powder form through the outer layers of the skin to the dermis are suitable.
[258] Formulations suitable for topical administration include, but are not limited to, liquid and/or semi-liquid preparations such as liniments, lotions, oil-in-water and/or water-in-oil emulsions such as creams, ointments, and/or pastes, and/or solutions and/or suspensions. Formulations for topical administration may further comprise one or more of the additional ingredients described herein.
[259] Compositions for rectal or vaginal administration are typically suppositories which can be prepared by mixing the conjugates described herein with suitable non-irritating excipients or carriers such as cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol, or a suppository wax which are solid at ambient temperature but liquid at body temperature and therefore melt in the rectum or vaginal cavity and release the active ingredient.
[260] A pharmaceutical composition described herein can be prepared, packaged, and/or sold in a formulation suitable for pulmonary administration via the buccal cavity. Such a formulation may comprise dry particles which comprise the active ingredient and which have a diameter in the range from about 0.5 to about 7 nanometers, or from about 1 to about 6 nanometers. Such compositions can be conveniently in the form of dry powders for administration using a device comprising a dry powder reservoir to which a stream of propellant can be directed to disperse the powder and/or using a self-propelling solvent/powder dispensing container such as a device comprising the active ingredient dissolved and/or suspended in a low-boiling propellant in a sealed container. Dry powder compositions may include a solid fine powder diluent such as sugar and are conveniently provided in a unit dose form. Low -boiling propellants generally include liquid propellants having a boiling point of below 65 °F at atmospheric pressure. The propellant may further comprise additional ingredients such as a liquid non-ionic and/or solid anionic surfactant and/or a solid diluent (which may have a particle size of the same order as particles comprising the active ingredient).
[261] Pharmaceutical compositions described herein formulated for pulmonary delivery may provide the active ingredient in the form of droplets of a solution and/or suspension. Such formulations can be prepared, packaged, and/or sold as aqueous and/or dilute alcoholic solutions and/or suspensions, optionally sterile, comprising the active ingredient, and may conveniently be administered using any nebulization and/or atomization device. Such formulations may further comprise one or more additional ingredients including, but not limited to, a flavoring agent such as saccharin sodium, a volatile oil, a buffering agent, a surface active agent, and/or a preservative such as methylhydroxybenzoate. The droplets provided by this route of administration may have an average diameter in the range from about 0.1 to about 200 nanometers.
[262] Formulations described herein as being useful for pulmonary delivery are useful for intranasal delivery of a pharmaceutical composition described herein. Another formulation suitable for intranasal administration is a coarse powder comprising the active ingredient and having an average particle from about 0.2 to 500 micrometers. Such a formulation is administered by rapid inhalation through the nasal passage from a container of the powder held close to the nares.
[263] A pharmaceutical composition described herein can be prepared, packaged, and/or sold in a formulation for buccal administration. Such formulations may, for example, be in the form of tablets and/or lozenges made using conventional methods. Alternately, formulations for buccal administration may comprise a powder and/or an aerosolized and/or atomized solution and/or suspension comprising the active ingredient. Such powdered, aerosolized, and/or aerosolized formulations, when dispersed, may have an average particle and/or droplet size in the range from about 0.1 to about 200 nanometers, and may further comprise one or more of the additional ingredients described herein. [264] A pharmaceutical composition described herein can be prepared, packaged, and/or sold in a formulation for ophthalmic administration. Such formulations may, for example, be in the form of eye drops including, for example, a solution and/or suspension of the active ingredient in an aqueous or oily liquid carrier or excipient. Such drops may further comprise buffering agents, salts, and/or one or more other of the additional ingredients described herein. Other opthalmically-administrable formulations which are useful include those which comprise the active ingredient in microcrystalline form and/or in a liposomal preparation. Ear drops and/or eye drops are also contemplated as being within the scope of this disclosure.
[265] Although the descriptions of pharmaceutical compositions provided herein are principally directed to pharmaceutical compositions which are suitable for administration to humans, it will be understood by the skilled artisan that such compositions are generally suitable for administration to animals of all sorts. Modification of pharmaceutical compositions suitable for administration to humans in order to render the compositions suitable for administration to various animals is well understood, and the ordinarily skilled veterinary pharmacologist can design and/or perform such modification with ordinary experimentation.
[266] Compounds provided herein are typically formulated in dosage unit form for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage. It will be understood, however, that the total daily usage of the compositions described herein will be decided by a physician within the scope of sound medical judgment. The specific therapeutically effective dose level for any particular subject or organism will depend upon a variety of factors including the disease being treated and the severity of the disorder; the activity of the specific active ingredient employed; the specific composition employed; the age, body weight, general health, sex, and diet of the subject; the time of administration, route of administration, and rate of excretion of the specific active ingredient employed; the duration of the treatment; drugs used in combination or coincidental with the specific active ingredient employed; and like factors well known in the medical arts.
[267] The compounds and compositions provided herein can be administered by any route, including enteral (e.g., oral), parenteral, intravenous, intramuscular, intra-arterial, intramedullary, intrathecal, subcutaneous, intraventricular, transdermal, interdermal, rectal, intravaginal, intraperitoneal, topical (as by powders, ointments, creams, and/or drops), mucosal, nasal, buccal, sublingual; by intratracheal instillation, bronchial instillation, and/or inhalation; and/or as an oral spray, nasal spray, and/or aerosol. Specifically, contemplated routes are oral administration, intravenous administration (e.g., systemic intravenous injection), regional administration via blood and/or lymph supply, and/or direct administration to an affected site. In general, the most appropriate route of administration will depend upon a variety of factors including the nature of the agent (e.g., its stability in the environment of the gastrointestinal tract), and/or the condition of the subject (e.g., whether the subject is able to tolerate oral administration). In certain embodiments, the compound or pharmaceutical composition described herein is suitable for topical administration to the eye of a subject.
[268] The exact amount of a compound required to achieve an effective amount will vary from subject to subject, depending, for example, on species, age, and general condition of a subject, severity of the side effects or disorder, identity of the particular compound, mode of administration, and the like. An effective amount may be included in a single dose (e.g., single oral dose) or multiple doses (e.g., multiple oral doses). In certain embodiments, when multiple doses are administered to a subject or applied to a tissue or cell, any two doses of the multiple doses include different or substantially the same amounts of a compound described herein.
[269] A compound or composition, as described herein, can be administered in combination with one or more additional pharmaceutical agents (e.g., therapeutically and/or prophylactically active agents). The compounds or compositions can be administered in combination with additional pharmaceutical agents that improve their activity (e.g., activity (e.g., potency and/or efficacy) in treating a disease in a subject in need thereof, in preventing a disease in a subject in need thereof, in reducing the risk to develop a disease in a subject in need thereof), improve bioavailability, improve safety, reduce drug resistance, reduce and/or modify metabolism, inhibit excretion, and/or modify distribution in a subject or cell. It will also be appreciated that the therapy employed may achieve a desired effect for the same disorder, and/or it may achieve different effects. In certain embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition described herein including a compound described herein and an additional pharmaceutical agent shows a synergistic effect that is absent in a pharmaceutical composition including one of the compound and the additional pharmaceutical agent, but not both. In some embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent achieves a desired effect for the same disorder. In some embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent achieves different effects.
[270] The compound or composition can be administered concurrently with, prior to, or subsequent to one or more additional pharmaceutical agents, which may be useful as, e.g., combination therapies. Pharmaceutical agents include therapeutically active agents. Pharmaceutical agents also include prophylactically active agents. Pharmaceutical agents include small organic molecules such as drug compounds (e.g., compounds approved for human or veterinary use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as provided in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)), peptides, proteins, carbohydrates, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, nucleoproteins, mucoproteins, lipoproteins, synthetic polypeptides or proteins, small molecules linked to proteins, glycoproteins, steroids, nucleic acids, DNAs, RNAs, nucleotides, nucleosides, oligonucleotides, antisense oligonucleotides, lipids, hormones, vitamins, and cells.
[271] The additional pharmaceutical agents include, but are not limited to, anti-proliferative agents, anticancer agents, anti-angiogenesis agents, steroidal or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs), immunosuppressants, anti-bacterial agents, anti-viral agents, cardiovascular agents, cholesterol-lowering agents, anti-diabetic agents, anti-allergic agents, contraceptive agents, pain-relieving agents, anesthetics, anticoagulants, inhibitors of an enzyme, steroidal agents, steroidal or antihistamine, antigens, vaccines, antibodies, decongestant, sedatives, opioids, analgesics, anti-pyretics, and hormones.
[272] In certain embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is an anti-proliferative agent. In certain embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is an anti-cancer agent. “Anti-cancer agents” encompass biotherapeutic anti-cancer agents as well as chemotherapeutic agents.
[273] In certain embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is a protein kinase inhibitor. In certain embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is selected from the group consisting of epigenetic or transcriptional modulators e.g., DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HD AC inhibitors), lysine methyltransferase inhibitors), antimitotic drugs, hormone receptor modulators (e.g., estrogen receptor modulators and androgen receptor modulators), cell signaling pathway inhibitors (e.g., tyrosine protein kinase inhibitors), modulators of protein stability (e.g., proteasome inhibitors), Hsp90 inhibitors, and other agents that promote differentiation.
[274] Exemplary biotherapeutic anti-cancer agents include, but are not limited to, interferons, cytokines, vaccines, hematopoietic growth factors, monoclonal serotherapy, immunostimulants and/or immunodulatory agents, immune cell growth factors, and antibodies.
[275] In certain embodiments, a compound or composition is used in combination with an immunotherapy. In certain embodiments, a compound or composition is used in combination with an immune checkpoint inhibitor. Checkpoint inhibitors can be broken down into at least 4 major categories: i) agents such as antibodies that block an inhibitory pathway directly on T cells or natural killer (NK) cells (e.g., PD-1 targeting antibodies, antibodies targeting TIM-3, and antibodies targeting LAG-3, 2B4, CD160, A2aR, BTLA, CGEN- 15049, or KIR); ii) agents such as antibodies that activate stimulatory pathways directly on T cells or NK cells (e.g., antibodies targeting 0X40, GITR, or 4-1BB); iii) agents such as antibodies that block a suppressive pathway on immune cells or rely on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity to deplete suppressive populations of immune cells (e.g., CTLA-4 targeting antibodies, antibodies targeting VISTA, and antibodies targeting PD-L2, Grl, or Ly6G), and iv) agents such as antibodies that block a suppressive pathway directly on cancer cells or that rely on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity to enhance cytotoxicity to cancer cells (e.g., antibodies targeting PD-L1, and antibodies targeting B7-H3, B7-H4, Gal-9, or MUC1).
[276] In certain embodiments, the checkpoint inhibitor is an inhibitory antibody, a fusion protein, an agent that interacts with a checkpoint protein, an agent that interacts with the ligand of a checkpoint protein, an inhibitor of CTLA-4, an inhibitor of PD-1, an inhibitor of PDL1, an inhibitor of PDL2, or an inhibitor of B7- H3, B7-H4, BTLA, HVEM, TIM3, GAL9, LAG3, VISTA, KIR, 2B4, CD160, CGEN-15049, CHK 1, CHK2, A2aR, or B-7 family ligands.
[277] Each additional pharmaceutical agent may be administered at a dose and/or on a time schedule determined for that pharmaceutical agent. The additional pharmaceutical agents may also be administered together with each other and/or with the compound or composition described herein in a single dose or composition or administered separately in different doses or compositions. The particular combination to employ in a regimen will take into account compatibility of the compound described herein with the additional pharmaceutical agent(s) and/or the desired therapeutic and/or prophylactic effect to be achieved. In general, it is expected that the additional pharmaceutical agent(s) in combination be utilized at levels that do not exceed the levels at which they are utilized individually. In some embodiments, the levels utilized in combination will be lower than those utilized individually.
[278] In certain embodiments, the compounds described herein or pharmaceutical compositions can be administered in combination with an anti-cancer therapy including, but not limited to, surgery, radiation therapy, and transplantation (e.g., stem cell transplantation, bone marrow transplantation).
[279] Also encompassed by the disclosure are kits (e.g., pharmaceutical packs). The kits provided may comprise a pharmaceutical composition or compound described herein and a container (e.g., a vial, ampule, bottle, syringe, and/or dispenser package, or other suitable container). In some embodiments, provided kits may optionally further include a second container comprising a pharmaceutical excipient for dilution or suspension of a pharmaceutical composition or compound described herein. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition or compound described herein provided in the first container and the second container are combined to form a single unit dosage form. Thus, in one aspect, provided are kits including a first container comprising a compound or pharmaceutical composition described herein. In certain embodiments, the kits are useful for treating a disease (e.g., cancer) in a subject in need thereof. In certain embodiments, the kits are useful for preventing a disease in a subject in need thereof.
[280] In certain embodiments, a kit described herein further includes instructions for using the kit. A kit described herein may also include information as required by a regulatory agency such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In certain embodiments, the information included in the kits is prescribing information. In certain embodiments, the kits provide instructions for treating a disease (e.g., cancer) in a subject in need thereof. In certain embodiments, the kits provide instructions for preventing a disease in a subject in need thereof. A kit described herein may include one or more additional pharmaceutical agents described herein as a separate composition.
Methods of Treatment and Uses
[281] Compounds provided herein are degraders of GRK family member proteins (e.g., GRK2, GRK3) and are therefore useful in, e.g., treating and/or preventing diseases (e.g., proliferative diseases e.g., cancer), cardiovascular diseases) in a subject, inhibiting tumor growth in a subject, degrading GRK family member proteins (e.g., GRK2, GRK3) in vitro or in vivo, etc.
[282] Provided herein are methods of treating and/or preventing a disease in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically and/or prophylactically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. Also provided herein are compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, tautomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, co-crystals, and prodrugs thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, for use in treating and/or preventing a disease in a subject. Also provided herein are uses of compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, tautomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, co-crystals, and prodrugs thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, for the manufacture of medicaments.
[283] In certain embodiments, the disease is a GRK2 -related disease. In certain embodiments, the disease is a GRK3-related disease. In certain embodiments, the disease is a hematological disease, an infection, a cardiovascular disease, (e.g., cardiac failure, cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension), a proliferative disease (e.g., cancer), an endocrinological disease, a metabolic disease, a gastroenterological disease, a respiratory disease, inflammation (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease), a neurological disease, opioid addiction, or an urological disease.
[284] In certain embodiments, the disease is a proliferative disease (e.g., cancer). Provided herein are methods of treating a proliferative disease (e.g., cancer) in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug
Ill thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. Also provided herein are compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, tautomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, co-crystals, and prodrugs thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, for use in treating a proliferative disease (e.g., cancer) in a subject. Also provided herein are uses of compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, tautomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, co-crystals, and prodrugs thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, for the manufacture of medicaments for treating proliferative diseases (e.g., cancer). In certain embodiments, the proliferative disease is cancer. In certain embodiments, the cancer is pancreatic cancer. In certain embodiments, the cancer is colon cancer.
[285] Also provided herein are method comprising administering to a subject a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof, wherein the subject has a proliferative disease (e.g., cancer). In certain embodiments, the proliferative disease is cancer. In certain embodiments, the cancer is pancreatic cancer. In certain embodiments, the cancer is colon cancer.
[286] A “proliferative disease” refers to a disease that occurs due to abnormal growth or extension by the multiplication of cells (See, e.g., Walker, Cambridge Dictionary of Biology, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 1990). A proliferative disease may be associated with: 1) the pathological proliferation of normally quiescent cells; 2) the pathological migration of cells from their normal location e.g., metastasis of neoplastic cells); 3) the pathological expression of proteolytic enzymes such as the matrix metalloproteinases (e.g., collagenases, gelatinases, and elastases); or 4) the pathological angiogenesis as in proliferative retinopathy and tumor metastasis. Exemplary proliferative diseases include cancers (i.e., “malignant neoplasms”), benign neoplasms, angiogenesis, inflammatory diseases, and autoimmune diseases.
[287] The term “angiogenesis” refers to the physiological process through which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels. Angiogenesis is distinct from vasculogenesis, which is the de novo formation of endothelial cells from mesoderm cell precursors. The first vessels in a developing embryo form through vasculogenesis, after which angiogenesis is responsible for most blood vessel growth during normal or abnormal development. Angiogenesis is a vital process in growth and development, as well as in wound healing and in the formation of granulation tissue. However, angiogenesis is also a fundamental step in the transition of tumors from a benign state to a malignant one, leading to the use of angiogenesis inhibitors in the treatment of cancer. Angiogenesis may be chemically stimulated by angiogenic proteins, such as growth factors (e.g., VEGF). “Pathological angiogenesis” refers to abnormal (e.g., excessive or insufficient) angiogenesis that amounts to and/or is associated with a disease.
[288] The terms “neoplasm” and “tumor” are used herein interchangeably and refer to an abnormal mass of tissue wherein the growth of the mass surpasses and is not coordinated with the growth of a normal tissue. A neoplasm or tumor may be “benign” or “malignant,” depending on the following characteristics: degree of cellular differentiation (including morphology and functionality), rate of growth, local invasion, and metastasis. A “benign neoplasm” is generally well differentiated, has characteristically slower growth than a malignant neoplasm, and remains localized to the site of origin. In addition, a benign neoplasm does not have the capacity to infiltrate, invade, or metastasize to distant sites. Exemplary benign neoplasms include, but are not limited to, lipoma, chondroma, adenomas, acrochordon, senile angiomas, seborrheic keratoses, lentigos, and sebaceous hyperplasias. In some cases, certain “benign” tumors may later give rise to malignant neoplasms, which may result from additional genetic changes in a subpopulation of the tumor’s neoplastic cells, and these tumors are referred to as “pre -malignant neoplasms.” An exemplary pre-malignant neoplasm is a teratoma. In contrast, a “malignant neoplasm” is generally poorly differentiated (anaplasia) and has characteristically rapid growth accompanied by progressive infiltration, invasion, and destruction of the surrounding tissue. Furthermore, a malignant neoplasm generally has the capacity to metastasize to distant sites. The term “metastasis,” “metastatic,” or “metastasize” refers to the spread or migration of cancerous cells from a primary or original tumor to another organ or tissue and is typically identifiable by the presence of a “secondary tumor” or “secondary cell mass” of the tissue type of the primary or original tumor and not of that of the organ or tissue in which the secondary (metastatic) tumor is located.
[289] In certain embodiments, the proliferative disease to be treated is cancer. In certain embodiments, the cancer is a GRK2 -related cancer. In certain embodiments, the cancer is a GRK3-related cancer.
[290] The term “cancer” refers to a class of diseases characterized by the development of abnormal cells that proliferate uncontrollably and have the ability to infiltrate and destroy normal body tissues. In certain embodiments, the cancer is a solid tumor. In certain embodiments, the cancer is a hematopoietic cancer (i.e., hematological cancer).
[291] In certain embodiments, the cancer is a hematopoietic cancer (e.g., leukemia (e.g., acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) (e.g., B-cell ALL, T-cell ALL), acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) (e.g., B-cell AML, T-cell AML), chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) (e.g., B-cell CML, T-cell CML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) e.g., B-cell CLL, T-cell CLL)); lymphoma (e.g., Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) (e.g., B-cell HL, T-cell HL)), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (e.g., B-cell NHL such as diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL) (e.g., diffuse large B-cell lymphoma)), follicular lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), marginal zone B-cell lymphomas (e.g., mucosa- associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomads, nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma), primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (i.e., Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia), hairy cell leukemia (HCL), immunoblastic large cell lymphoma, precursor B -lymphoblastic lymphoma and primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma, T- cell NHL such as precursor T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia, peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) (e.g., cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) (e.g., mycosis fungoides, Sezary syndrome)), angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, extranodal natural killer T-cell lymphoma, enteropathy type T-cell lymphoma, subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma, anaplastic large cell lymphoma); heavy chain disease (e.g., alpha chain disease, gamma chain disease, mu chain disease); a myeloproliferative disorder (MPD) (e.g., polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocytosis (ET), agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (AMM) a.k.a. myelofibrosis (MF), chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis, chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML), chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL), hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES)); multiple myeloma (MM); plasma cell neoplasia; familiar hypereosinophilia; inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors; immunocytic amyloidosis). In certain embodiments, the cancer is leukemia. In certain embodiments, the cancer is acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In certain embodiments, the cancer is early T-cell precursor (ETP)-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
[292] In certain embodiments, the cancer is liver cancer (e.g., hepatocellular cancer (HCC) (e.g., hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastoma, hepatocellular adenoma), malignant hepatoma, hemangiomas, biliary cancer (e.g., cholangiocarcinoma)).
[293] In certain embodiments, the cancer is musculoskeletal cancer e.g., bone cancer (e.g., osteosarcoma, osteoid osteoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, Ewing’ s sarcoma, chordoma, malignant giant cell tumor chordoma, chondrosarcoma osteochondroma, benign chondroma, chondroblastoma chondromyxofibroma, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)), muscle cancer (e.g., rhabdomyosarcoma, rhabdomyoma), connective tissue cancer, synovioma).
[294] In certain embodiments, the cancer is a nervous system cancer (e.g., brain cancer (e.g., astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, glioma (e.g., astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma), glioblastomas, glioblastoma multiform, medulloblastoma, ependymoma, germinoma (i.e., pinealoma), oligodendroglioma, schwannoma, retinoblastoma, congenital tumors, craniopharyngioma), spinal cord cancer, neurofibroma (e.g., neurofibromatosis (NF) type 1 or type 2, schwannomatosis), neuroblastoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNT), meningeal cancer (e.g., meningioma, meningiosarcoma, gliomatosis), skull cancer, acoustic neuroma, ependymoma, hemangioblastoma, ocular cancer (e.g., intraocular melanoma, retinoblastoma)). In certain embodiments, the disease to be treated is a brain tumor. In certain embodiments, the disease is pleomorphic xenoanthrocytoma (PXA). In certain embodiments, the disease is pediatric pleomorphic xenoanthrocytoma (PXA).
[295] In certain embodiments, the cancer is selected from endocrine/exocrine cancers (e.g., thyroid cancer (e.g., papillary thyroid carcinoma, follicular thyroid carcinoma; medullary thyroid carcinoma, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 A, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B, familial medullary thyroid cancer, pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma), pancreatic cancer (e.g., pancreatic andenocarcinoma, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), Islet cell tumors, ductal adenocarcinoma, insulinoma, glucagonoma, vipoma), adrenal gland cancer, neuroendocrine cancer (e.g., gastroenteropancreatic neuroendoctrine tumor (GEP-NET), carcinoid tumor), sebaceous gland carcinoma, sweat gland carcinoma). In certain embodiments, the cancer is sweat gland cancer (e.g., sweat gland carcinoma).
[296] In certain embodiments, the cancer is head and neck cancer (e.g., squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), adenoid cystic carcinoma).
[297] In certain embodiments, the cancer is oral cancer (e.g., buccal cavity cancer, lip cancer, tongue cancer, mouth cancer, pharynx cancer, hypopharynx cancer (e.g., hypopharyngeal carcinoma), throat cancer (e.g., laryngeal cancer, pharyngeal cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, oropharyngeal cancer), salivary gland cancer).
[298] In certain embodiments, the cancer is esophageal cancer (e.g., esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal adenocarcinoma, Barrett’s adenocarcinoma, esophageal leiomyosarcoma).
[299] In certain embodiments, the cancer is gastrointestinal cancer (e.g., anal cancer, colorectal cancer (e.g., colon cancer, rectal cancer, colorectal adenocarcinoma), gall bladder cancer, gastric cancer (e.g., stomach cancer (e.g., stomach adenocarcinoma)), gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), small bowel cancer (e.g., appendix cancer, small bowel carcinoma, e.g., small bowel adenocarcinoma), small intestine cancer, large bowel cancer, large intestine cancer).
[300] In certain embodiments, the cancer is cardiovascular cancer (e.g., primary cardiac tumors, angiosarcoma e.g., lymphangiosarcoma, lymphangioendotheliosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma), endotheliosarcoma (e.g., Kaposi’s sarcoma, multiple idiopathic hemorrhagic sarcoma), cardiac myxoma, cardiac rhabdomyoma).
[301] In certain embodiments, the cancer is lung cancer (e.g., bronchus cancer (e.g., bronchogenic carcinoma, bronchial adenoma), alveolar carcinoma, mesothelioma, small cell lung cancer (SCLC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), lung adenocarcinoma, chondromatous hamartoma, papillary adenocarcinoma).
[302] In certain embodiments, the cancer is a genitourinary cancer (e.g., bladder cancer (e.g., urothelial carcinoma), urethral cancer, kidney cancer (e.g., nephroblastoma a.k.a. Wilms’ tumor, renal cell carcinoma), testicular cancer (e.g., seminoma, testicular embryonal carcinoma), germ cell cancer, prostate cancer (e.g., prostate adenocarcinoma), penile cancer (e.g., Paget’s disease of the penis and scrotum)).
[303] In certain embodiments, the cancer is a gynecological cancer (e.g., breast cancer (e.g., adenocarcinoma of the breast, papillary carcinoma of the breast, mammary cancer, medullary carcinoma of the breast, triple negative breast cancer, HER-2 positive breast cancer, HER2 -negative breast cancer), endometrial cancer (e.g., uterine cancer (e.g., uterine sarcoma, choriocarcinoma), endometrial carcinoma), cervical cancer (e.g., cervical adenocarcinoma), ovarian cancer (e.g., cystadenocarcinoma, ovarian embryonal carcinoma, ovarian adenocarcinoma), germ cell cancer, vulvar cancer (e.g., Paget’s disease of the vulva) vaginal cancer, fallopian tube cancer).
[304] In certain embodiments, the cancer is skin cancer (e.g., squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), keratoacanthoma (KA), melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), dermatofribroma).
[305] In certain embodiments, the cancer is a soft tissue cancer (e.g., intraepithelial neoplasms, epithelial carcinomas, epithelial sarcomas, adenocarcinomas, adenomas, fibrosarcomas, fibromas, liposarcomas, lipomas, myxomas, teratomas).
[306] In certain embodiments, the cancer is skin cancer (e.g., melanoma), breast cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, gliomas, thyroid cancer, pancreatic cancer, bile duct cancer, urinary tract cancer, head and neck cancer, gastric cancer, rhabdoid cancer, mesothelioma, cervical cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, lymphoma, lung cancer, leukemia, or kidney cancer. In certain embodiments, the cancer is pancreatic cancer.
[307] Additionally, provided herein are methods of inhibiting tumor growth in a subject comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, cocrystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. Also provided herein are compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, tautomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, co-crystals, and prodrugs thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, for use in inhibiting tumor growth in a subject. Also provided herein are uses of compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, tautomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, co-crystals, and prodrugs thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, for the manufacture of medicaments for inhibiting tumor growth. [308] In certain embodiments, the tumor is a GRK2 -related tumor. In certain embodiments, the tumor is a GRK3 -related tumor. In certain embodiments, the tumor is a pancreatic tumor. In certain embodiments, the tumor is a colorectal tumor.
[309] In certain embodiments, treating cancer and/or inhibiting tumor growth can result in a reduction in size or volume of a tumor. For example, after treatment, tumor size is reduced by 5% or greater (e.g., 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or greater) relative to its size prior to treatment. Size of a tumor may be measured by any reproducible means of measurement. The size of a tumor may be measured as a diameter of the tumor or by any reproducible means of measurement. In certain embodiments, the tumor size is reduced by at least 25% relative to its size prior to treatment.
[310] In certain embodiments, beating cancer and/or inhibiting tumor growth may further result in a decrease in number of tumors. For example, after treatment, tumor number is reduced by 5% or greater (e.g., 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or greater) relative to number prior to treatment. Number of tumors may be measured by any reproducible means of measurement. The number of tumors may be measured by counting tumors visible to the naked eye or at a specified magnification (e.g., 2x, 3x, 4x, 5x, lOx, or 50x).
[311] In certain embodiments, heating cancer can result in a decrease in number of metastatic nodules in other tissues or organs distant from the primary tumor site. For example, after treatment, the number of metastatic nodules is reduced by 5% or greater (e.g., 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or greater) relative to number prior to treatment. The number of metastatic nodules may be measured by any reproducible means of measurement. The number of metastatic nodules may be measured by counting metastatic nodules visible to the naked eye or at a specified magnification (e.g., 2x, lOx, or 50x).
[312] In certain embodiments, heating cancer can result in an increase in average survival time of a population of subjects treated according to the present disclosure in comparison to a population of untreated subjects. For example, the average survival time is increased by more than 30 days (more than 60 days, 90 days, or 120 days). An increase in average survival time of a population may be measured by any reproducible means. An increase in average survival time of a population may be measured, for example, by calculating for a population the average length of survival following initiation of treatment with the compound of the present disclosure. An increase in average survival time of a population may also be measured, for example, by calculating for a population the average length of survival following completion of a first round of treatment with the compound of the present disclosure.
[313] In certain embodiments, heating cancer can also result in a decrease in the mortality rate of a population of heated subjects in comparison to an untreated population. For example, the mortality rate is decreased by more than 2% (e.g., more than 5%, 10%, or 25%). A decrease in the mortality rate of a population of heated subjects may be measured by any reproducible means, for example, by calculating for a population the average number of disease-related deaths per unit time following initiation of treatment with the compound of the present disclosure. A decrease in the mortality rate of a population may also be measured, for example, by calculating for a population the average number of disease-related deaths per unit time following completion of a first round of treatment with the compound of the present disclosure. [314] In certain embodiments, treating cancer can also result in an increased average progression-free survival time of a population of treated subjects in comparison to an untreated population. For example, the average progression-free survival time is increased by more than 30 days (more than 60 days, 90 days, or 120 days). An increase in average progression-free survival time of a population may be measured by any reproducible means. An increase in average progression-free survival time of a population may be measured, for example, by calculating for a population the average length of progression-free survival following initiation of treatment with the compound of the present disclosure. An increase in average progression-free survival time of a population may also be measured, for example, by calculating for a population the average length of progression-free survival following completion of a first round of treatment with the compound of the present disclosure. “Progression-free survival” as used herein refers to the length of time during and after medication or treatment during which the disease being treated (e.g., cancer) does not get worse.
[315] Also provided herein are methods of treating and/or preventing a cardiovascular disease in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically and/or prophylactically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. Also provided herein are compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, tautomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, co-crystals, and prodrugs thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, for use in treating and/or preventing a cardiovascular disease in a subject. Also provided herein are uses of compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, tautomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, co-crystals, and prodrugs thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, for the manufacture of medicaments for treating a cardiovascular disease.
[316] In certain embodiments, the cardiovascular disease is a GRK2 -related cardiovascular disease. In certain embodiments, the cardiovascular disease is a GRK3-related cardiovascular disease. In certain embodiments, the cardiovascular disease is heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, or hypertension.
[317] Also provided herein are methods comprising administering to a subject a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof, wherein the subject has a cardiovascular disease.
[318] In certain embodiments, the disease is a cardiovascular disease. A “cardiovascular disease” is a disease involving the heart and/or blood vessels. In certain embodiments, the disease is atherogenesis or atherosclerosis. In certain embodiments, the disease is arterial stent occlusion, heart failure (e.g., congestive heart failure), a coronary arterial disease, myocarditis, pericarditis, a cardiac valvular disease, stenosis, restenosis, in-stent-stenosis, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndromes, coronary artery bypass grafting, a cardio-pulmonary bypass procedure, endotoxemia, ischemia-reperfusion injury, cerebrovascular ischemia (stroke), renal reperfusion injury, embolism (e.g., pulmonary, renal, hepatic, gastrointestinal, or peripheral limb embolism), or myocardial ischemia. [319] Also provided herein are methods of treating opioid addiction in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. Also provided herein are compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, tautomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, co-crystals, and prodrugs thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, for use in treating opioid addiction in a subject. Also provided herein are uses of compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, tautomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, co-crystals, and prodrugs thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, for the manufacture of medicaments for treating opioid addiction.
[320] Also provided herein are methods comprising administering to a subject a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof, wherein the subject has an opioid addiction.
[321] Also provided herein are methods for degrading a GRK2 protein in vivo or in vitro with a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. Also provided herein are compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, tautomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, co-crystals, and prodrugs thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, for use in degrading a GRK2 protein in vivo or in vitro. Also provided herein are uses of compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, tautomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, co-crystals, and prodrugs thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, for the manufacture of medicaments for degrading a GRK2 protein in vivo. In certain embodiments, the degrading occurs in vivo. In certain embodiments, the degrading occurs in vitro. In certain embodiments, the degradation is selective for GRK2, i.e., selective for GRK2 over other proteins (e.g., over other protein kinases, e.g., over other GRK family member proteins). In certain embodiments, the method or use further comprises determining the level of a protein e.g., GRK2) in the subject or in vitro.
[322] Also provided herein are methods for degrading a GRK3 protein in vivo or in vitro with a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. Also provided herein are compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, tautomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, co-crystals, and prodrugs thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, for use in degrading a GRK3 protein in vivo or in vitro. Also provided herein are uses of compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, tautomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, co-crystals, and prodrugs thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, for the manufacture of medicaments for degrading a GRK3 protein in vivo. In certain embodiments, the degrading occurs in vivo. In certain embodiments, the degrading occurs in vitro. In certain embodiments, the degradation is selective for GRK3, i.e., selective for GRK3 over other proteins (e.g., over other protein kinases, e.g., over other GRK family member proteins). In certain embodiments, the method or use further comprises determining the level of a protein (e.g., GRK3) in the subject or in vitro.
[323] Also provided herein are methods of inhibiting GRK2 activity in vivo or in vitro with a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. Also provided herein are compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, tautomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, co-crystals, and prodrugs thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, for use in inhibiting the activity of GRK2 in vivo or in vitro. Also provided herein are uses of compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, tautomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, co-crystals, and prodrugs thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, for the manufacture of medicaments for inhibiting the activity of GRK2 in vivo. In certain embodiments, the inhibiting occurs in vivo. In certain embodiments, the inhibiting occurs in vitro. In certain embodiments, the inhibition is selective for GRK2, i.e., selective for GRK2 over other proteins (e.g., over other protein kinases, e.g., over other GRK family member proteins). Methods of inhibiting GRK2 activity can include a step of contacting a GRK2 protein with a compound or composition described herein.
[324] Also provided herein are methods of inhibiting GRK3 activity in vivo or in vitro with a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. Also provided herein are compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, tautomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, co-crystals, and prodrugs thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, for use in inhibiting the activity of GRK3 in vivo or in vitro. Also provided herein are uses of compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, tautomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, co-crystals, and prodrugs thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, for the manufacture of medicaments for inhibiting the activity of GRK3 in vivo. In certain embodiments, the inhibiting occurs in vivo. In certain embodiments, the inhibiting occurs in vitro. In certain embodiments, the inhibition is selective for GRK3, i.e., selective for GRK3 over other proteins (e.g., over other protein kinases, e.g., over other GRK family member proteins). Methods of inhibiting GRK3 activity can include a step of contacting a GRK3 protein with a compound or composition described herein.
[325] It would be understood that in vivo methods provided herein comprise administering to a subject an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
[326] In certain embodiments, in vitro methods provided herein can be carried out, for example, in a cell line, assay, biological sample, etc. [327] In certain embodiments, methods for inhibiting the activity of GRK2 activity in vitro comprise contacting a GRK2 protein with a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. In some embodiments, methods for inhibiting GRK2 activity in a cell comprise contacting the cell with a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, cocrystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. In some embodiments, methods for inhibiting GRK2 activity in a biological sample comprise contacting the biological sample with a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
[328] In certain embodiments, methods for inhibiting the activity of GRK3 activity in vitro comprise contacting a GRK3 protein with a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. In some embodiments, methods for inhibiting GRK3 activity in a cell comprise contacting the cell with a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, cocrystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. In some embodiments, methods for inhibiting GRK3 activity in a biological sample comprise contacting the biological sample with a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, isotopically labeled derivative, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
EXAMPLES
[329] In order that the present disclosure may be more fully understood, the following examples are set forth. The synthetic and biological examples described in this application are offered to illustrate the compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, and methods provided herein and are not to be construed in any way as limiting in their scope.
GRK2 Enzyme Inhibition
Example 1. GRK2 Inhibition Assays
[330] Assay I GRK2 enzyme (1 nM final concentration) was diluted in 25 mM HEPES, lOrnM MgCL, 2mM DTT, 0.01% Tween-20, and ImM EGTA. Then the GRK2 mixture was added into ProxiPlate-384 white plate and pre-incubated for 30 min with test compounds at room temperature. ATP (7 pM final concentration) and Ulight TopoIla (50 nM final concentration) were added into the assay plate to initiate the reaction and the mixture was incubated at room temperature for 90 min. Then, Eu anti-TopoIIa (0.12 nM final concentration), BSA (0.01% final concentration), and EDTA (11 mM final concentration) in LANCE assay buffer were added into each well. After 60 min incubation time at room temperature, TR-FRET signal was measured by EnVision plate reader. [331] Assay II: GRK2 (7.5 nM) was incubated with ATP (10 pM) and GRKtide (0.3 mg/mL) in 5 pL of assay buffer (see below) for 180 min at room temperature. HTS was performed using 1 pM compound.
Compounds were dissolved in 100 % DMSO, serially diluted three-fold from 100 pM concentration to 46 nM and transferred (50 nL) into assay ready plate.
[332] Materials: GRK2 was purchased from SignalChem (Cat # A14-10G, Lot # X645-3). Substrate GRKtide was from SignalChem (Cat # G46-58, Lot # R339-6). ADP-Glo Kinase Assay was from Promega (Cat # V9102). Assay buffer consisted of 25 rnM HEPES (pH7.5), 10 rnM MgCL. 0.01% Tween-20, ImM DDT. 384-well white plates were from Greiner Bio-Rad (Item # 784075).
[333] HTS protocol: Take 384 well plate with 50 nL of compound in columns 3-22 / DMSO solution in columns 1-2,23-24. Add 2.5 pL assay buffer to columns 23 and 24 using Thermo Scientific Multidrop Combi Dispenser. Add 2.5 pL of 2x enzyme solution (15 nM in lx assay buffer) using Thermo Scientific Multidrop Combi Reagent Dispenser to all columns except of 23 and 24. Incubate for 15 minutes. Fill plate with 2.5 pL of 2x substrate mix (20 pM ATP and 0.6 mg/mL GRKtide in lx assay buffer) using Thermo Scientific Multidrop Combi Reagent Dispenser. Spin 15 seconds at lOOOrpm and incubate for 180 min at room temperature. Add 5 pL ADP-Glo reagent to all the wells. Spin 15 seconds at lOOOrpm and incubate for 40 min at room temperature. Add 10 pL Detection solution to all the wells. Incubate for 30 min at room temperature. Read plate in Luminescent mode on BMG PheraStar FSX (gain = 3600).
[334] Data Analysis: Data were analyzed in GraphPad Prism 8.0.2. Each HTS plate contains compounds in columns 3-22, controls (enzyme, no compound) in columns 1 and 2, and blanks (no enzyme) in columns 23 and 24. HTS percent inhibition was calculated for each compound from the signal in luminescence units and the mean of the plate controls and the mean of the plate blanks using the following equation: % Inhibition = 100*(l-((signal-blank mean)/(control mean-blank mean))). At the final stage of data processing, we obtain dose-response curves, tables and SDF-files with the results of screening for each substance.
[335] Results: As shown in Table 1 (Column A) below, compounds of the present disclosure were found to inhibit GRK2.
GRK2 Degradation
Example 2: GRK2 Degradation Assay
[336] General Protocol: Degradation Assay and Western Blot. PAXF1657 cells were plated in 6-well, 24- well plates or 60 mm tissue culture treated dishes and incubated at 37 °C until 70% confluency. The media was aspirated, and the cells were treated with fresh media containing the compounds in the concentration range of 0 pM to 10 pM for a period of 6 to 24 hours. At the desired time points the cells were washed twice with cold PBS and lysed with lysis buffer (ice cold PBS + 1% NP40 with 1/100 protease/phosphatase inhibitors) on ice for 8 mins followed by sonication at 70% intensity pulses for 10 seconds. The cells were centrifuged at 20000g for 8 min at 4 °C. The supernatants were collected and stored at -80 °C.
[337] Samples were mixed with NuPAGE LDS sample buffer and NuPAGE sample reducing buffer (3X), vortexed and heated at 95 °C for 10 min, and then analyzed by SDS-PAGE (NuPAGE 4-12%) followed by transfer to nitrocellulose membrane. Blocking was achieved with 5% milk in TBST (TBS with 1% tween 20) for 1 hour. The membranes were washed three times with TBST and incubated with GRK2 or b-actin antibodies in 5% milk in TBST at 4 °C overnight. The membranes were washed three times with TBST and incubated with anti-mouse IgG-HRP or anti-rabbit IgG-HRP at room temperature for 2 hours in 5% milk in TBST. The membranes were washed three times with TBST and developed with ECL Dura, ECL femto or ECL atto substrates. Membranes were analyzed on BioRad ChemiDoc Imager and signal intensity of Grk2 and b-actin was quantified using ImageLab.
[338] Results'. As shown below in Table 1 (Columns B and C), compounds provided herein are degraders of GRK2 (represented as %GRK2 degradation).
Proliferation Data
Example 3: Cellular Proliferation Assay
[339] In order to identify compounds specific for GRK2, we generated an isogenic cell line pair of the pancreatic cancer cell line PAXF1657, a pair of cells of PAXF1657 GRK2 knockout clonal cells versus PAXF1657 cells expressing control empty vector. The goal was to identify compounds that effectively impair proliferation in PAXF1657 empty vector cells, but not in GRK2 knockout cells, thereby identifying compounds superior to compounds of Okawa et al., J. Med. Chem. 2017, 60, 6942-6990.
[340] Proliferation Assay: Cellular anti-proliferative activity of compounds was assessed by using the pancreatic cancer cell line, PAXF1657 expressing a control empty vector and a GRK2 knockout PAXF1657 cell line that was generated via CRISPR. Cell lines were seeded into tissue culture treated, white -walled, 96- well plates at a density of 500 cells/well in RPMI1640 media supplemented with 10% H.I. FBS and penicillin/streptomycin. Plates were incubated overnight at 37°C, 5% CO2 to allow cells to adhere to the wells. GRK2 inhibitors were added to the cells using a 10-point dilution series with a final concentration ranging from 30 pM - 0.0002 pM in 0.3% DMSO. At the time of compound addition, a set of plates, that were not treated with compounds, were collected and cell viability was measured using CellTiter-Glo (Promega). CellTiter-Glo reagent was added to the designed plates and luminescence was measured using a Biotek Synergy plate reader. The compound treated cells were incubated for 3 days at 37°C, 5% CO2. The media was then aspirated from each well and replaced with fresh media containing GRK2 inhibitors. The compound treated cells were then incubated for an additional 4 days at 37°C, 5% CO2. Cell viability was assessed and at end of the 7-day compound treatment by CellTiterGlo.
[341] Results: As shown in Table 1 (Columns D-G), compounds provided herein were found to inhibit proliferation the PAXF1657 control cell line significantly more than a PAXF1657 cell line that overexpresses GRK2. This indicates the inhibition of proliferation by the compounds provided herein is the result of GRK2 inhibition by the compounds.
Table 1. GRK2 Enzymatic Inhibition, GRK2 Degradation, and Cellular Proliferation Data
Column A: Enzymatic GRK2 Assay - IC50: Average pIC50 GRK2
Column B: GRK2 Degradation Assay - 3 point: Concentration (pM)
Column C: GRK2 Degradation Assay - 3 point: Degradation (%)
Column D: 7-day Proliferation Assay: IC50 GeoMean (uM) [Cell Line: PAXF1657 EV] Column E: 7-day Proliferation Assay: IC50 GeoMean (uM) [Cell Line: PAXF1657 KO Clone #4] Column F : 7-day Proliferation Assay: %Minimum GeoMean (%) [Cell Line: PAXF1657 EV Column G: 7-day Proliferation Assay: %Minimum GeoMean (%) [Cell Line: PAXF1657 KO Clone #4]
Figure imgf000124_0001
Figure imgf000125_0001
Figure imgf000126_0001
Figure imgf000127_0001
Figure imgf000128_0001
Figure imgf000129_0001
Figure imgf000130_0001
Figure imgf000131_0001
Figure imgf000132_0001
Figure imgf000133_0001
Figure imgf000134_0001
Figure imgf000135_0001
Figure imgf000136_0001
Figure imgf000137_0001
Figure imgf000138_0001
Figure imgf000139_0001
Figure imgf000140_0001
Figure imgf000141_0001
Figure imgf000142_0001
Figure imgf000143_0001
Figure imgf000144_0001
Figure imgf000145_0001
Figure imgf000146_0001
Figure imgf000147_0001
Figure imgf000148_0001
Figure imgf000149_0001
Figure imgf000150_0001
Figure imgf000151_0001
Figure imgf000152_0001
Synthesis of Compounds
[342] The examples below include procedures, intermediates, and characterization data useful, e.g., for the preparation of compounds provided herein. All synthetic steps, procedures, compounds e.g., synthetic intermediates), reaction conditions, reaction mixtures, reagents, etc. are included herein as aspects of the present disclosure.
Synthetic Example SI
LCMC Conditions
[343] C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin; C18 column 20 x 2 mm, particle size 2.5 pm, pore size 100A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min; HPLC neutral conditions (YMC-Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-ace tonitrile); HPLC standard acidic conditions (YMC-Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient A solution - B solution (A: 1000ml H2O-226pl TFA, B: IOOOMJI CH3CN-226pl TFA).
Figure imgf000153_0001
General procedures
[344] Compound 2. A solution of compound 1 (2.9 mmol, 1 eq) and DIPEA (0.56 g, 0.75ml, 4.35 mmol, 1.5 eq) in dry DCM (50 mL) was cooled to 0°C, and mesyl chloride (0.40g, 0.27 ml, 3.48 mmol, 1.2 eq) was added. The mixture was warmed to 0°C over Ih period, stirred for 1 h. A progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. The mixture was washed by water (3*20 ml), dried over NazSCU, and evaporated. The product immediately was used in the next step without additional purification.
[345] Compound 4. Compound 3 (2.5 mmol, 1 eq), compound 2 (2.75 mmol, 1.1 eq), K2CO3 (5.0 mmol, 2 eq) in dry acetonitrile (50 mL) were stirred for 12 h at reflux. The precipitate was filtered off, washed with acetonitrile. The solvent was evaporated to dryness to give the product. The product 4 was used in the next step without additional purification.
[346] Compound 5. A solution of compound 4 (2.5 mmol, 1 eq) in dry DCM (50 mL) with 12.5 ml 3 M HC1 in dioxane (5 eq) were stirred for 24 h at r.t. The mixture was evaporated to dryness to give the crude product 5 which was used in the next step without additional purification.
[347] Compound 6. To a solution of compound 5 (2.5 mmol, 1 eq) in dry MeOH (20 mL) was added dropwise SOCI2 (0.36ml, 5.0 mmol, 2 eq). The mixture was stirred for 12 h at r.t. and then evaporated to dryness to give the crude product 5 which no need additional purification.
[348] Compound 8. Compound 6 (1.2 mmol, 1 eq), compound 7 (1.2 mmol, 1 eq), HOBt (1.2 mmol, 1 eq), EDO (1.32 mmol, 1.1 eq) and DIPEA (4.8 mmol, 4 eq) in dry DCM (30 ml) were stirred for 12 h at r.t. The reaction mixture was washed with water (3*10 ml), brine (2 x 10 mL), dried on activated NazSCH, and concentrated in a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure at ambient temperature. The residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography using chloroform and methanol as an eluent to afford the desired product 8.
[349] Compound 9. To a solution of compound 8 (1.2 mmol, 1 eq) in MeOH (20 mL) was added a solution KOH (3.6 mmol, 3 eq) in 3 ml H2O. The mixture was stirred for 12-36 h at r.t. and then MeOH evaporated. To the residue was added 15 ml of H2O and the mixture was acidified to pH 5 with IN aq. HC1 and aqueous phase was extracted with 4*15 ml of DCM. Combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, and evaporated. The product was used in the next step without additional purification.
[350] Compound 10. Compound 9 (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), degradation moiety (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), TBTU (0.2 mmol, 2 eq) and DIPEA (0.4 mmol, 4 eq) in dry pyridine (3 ml) were stirred for 12 h at r.t. The mixture was evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by HPLC in neutral conditions (YMC-Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-ace tonitrile).
[351] Compound 11. A solution of compound 10 (0.1 mmol, 1 eq) in dry DCM (3 mL) with 0.5 ml of CF3COOH were stirred for 12 h at r.t. The mixture was washed with sat.sol. NaHCCL. the organic phase was dried over Na2SC>4, and evaporated to give the product.
Compounds according to general procedures
Figure imgf000154_0001
[354] Compound 5. 6-{2-[2-({6-[3-(aminomethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]hexyl}oxy)ethoxy] ethoxy jhexanoic acid hydrochloride. Light brown solid. Quantitative yield. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.18 min).
MS (ESI) m/z 494.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000155_0001
[355] Compound 6. methyl 6-{2-[2-({6-[3-(aminomethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]hexyl} oxy)ethoxy]ethoxy}hexanoate. Light brown solid. Quantitative yield. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.43 min). MS (ESI) m/z 508.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000155_0002
[356] Compound 8. tert-butyl 4-{[3-({5-[(19-oxo-7, 10,13, 20-tetraoxahenicos-l-yl)oxy]-2-
( trifluoromethyl )benzyl} carbamoyl )phenyl ] amino} -4-( 5-pyridin-4-yl-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidine-l- carboxylate. Light brown solid. Yield 78%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.73 min). MS (ESI) m/z 954.7 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000155_0003
[357] Compound 9. 6-{ 2-[2-({ 6-[ 3-({[(3-{[l-( tert-butoxycarbonyl )-4-( 5-pyridin-4-yl-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl )piperidin-4-yl ]amino}phenyl )carbonyl ] amino }methyl )-4-( trifluoromethyl )phenoxy ] hexyl } oxy )ethoxy ] ethoxy jhexanoic acid. Light brown solid. Yield 94%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.55 min). MS (ESI) m/z 941.3 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000155_0004
[358] Compound 10. N-(6-{2-[2-({6-[3-({[(3-{[l-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-(5-pyridin-4-yl-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl )piperidin-4-yl ]amino}phenyl )carbonyl ] amino }methyl )-4-( trifluoromethyl )phenoxy ]hexyl } oxy )ethoxy ] ethoxy }hexanoyl )-3-methyl-L-valyl-( 4R )-4-hydroxy-N-[ 4-( 4-methyl- 1 ,3-thiazol-5-yl )benzyl]-L- prolinamide. Colorless solid. Yield 31%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin , retention time 2.21 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1353.3 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000156_0001
[359] Compound 11. 3-methyl-N-(6-{2-[2-({6-[3-({[(3-{[4-(5-pyridin-4-yl-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin-4- yl ] amino }phenyl )carbonyl ] amino }methyl )-4-( trifluoromethyl )phenoxy ] hexyl }oxy )ethoxy] ethoxy } hexanoy I )-L- valyl-(4R)-4-hydroxy-N-[4-(4-methyl-l,3-thiazol-5-yl)benzyl]-L-prolinamide. Colorless solid. Yield 97%.
LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin , retention time 5.27 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1252.8 [MH]+. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de) 5 8.97 (s, 1H), 8.81 (t, J = 5.5 Hz, 1H), 8.66 (d, J= 5.3 Hz, 2H), 8.56 (t, J= 5.5 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (d, J= 5.5 Hz, 2H), 7.84 (d, J= 9.4 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (d, J= 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (dd, J = 16.1, 8.1 Hz, 4H), 7.19 (s, 1H), 7.14 - 7.03 (m, 2H), 6.95 (d, J= 8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (s, 1H), 6.50 (d, J= 6.6 Hz, 1H), 6.39 (s, 1H), 5.12 (br.s, 1H), 4.57-4.47 (m, 3H), 4.46-4.38 (m, 2H), 4.35 (s, 1H), 4.21 (dd, J= 15.9, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.96 (t, J= 6.1 Hz, 2H), 3.73-3.58 (m, 2H), 3.53 - 3.39 (m, 8H), 3.33 (dd, J= 11.4, 6.1 Hz, 4H), 3.16 - 2.99 (m, 4H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 2.40-2.30 (m, 2H), 2.30-2.18 (m, 3H), 2.16 - 1.98 (m, 2H), 1.96 - 1.84 (m, 1H), 1.73-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.55-1.38 (m, 7H), 1.38 - 1.16 (m, 7H), 0.93 (s, 9H).
Syntheses according to the general procedures
Figure imgf000156_0002
[360] Compound 1. Tert-butyl 2-(3-((5-hydroxypentyl)oxy)propoxy)acetate was prepared according to the procedures ACS Med. Chem. Lett. 2020, 11, 8, 1539-1547.
Figure imgf000156_0003
[361] Compound 2. Tert-butyl 3,9,13-trioxa-2-thiapentadecan-15-oate 2,2-dioxide. Colorless oil. Yield 95%. . The product was used in the next step immediately.
Figure imgf000157_0001
[362] Compound 4. Tert-butyl 2-( 3-( (5-( 3-( ( ( tert-butoxy carbonyl )amino )methyl )phenoxy ) pentyl)oxy)propoxy)acetate. Yellowish oil. Yield 99%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 2.04 min). MS (ESI) m/z 482.5 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 57.34 (t, J = 6.36 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (t, J = 7.95, 1H), 6.80-6.74 (m, 3H), 4.08 (d, J = 5.99 Hz, 2H), 3.94-3.91 (m, 4H), 1.75-1.66 (m, 4H), 1.57-1.51 (m, 2H), 1.47-1.39 (m, 20H).
Figure imgf000157_0002
[363] Compound 5. 2-(3-((5-(3-(aminomethyl)phenoxy)pentyl)oxy)propoxy)acetic acid hydrochloride. Light brown solid. Quantitative yield. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 0.98 min). MS (ESI) m/z 326.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000157_0003
[364] Compound 6. methyl 2-(3-((5-(3-(aminomethyl)phenoxy)pentyl)oxy)propoxy)acetate hydrochloride.
Light brown solid. Quantitative yield. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.22 min). MS (ESI) m/z 340.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000157_0004
[365] Compound 8. Tert-butyl 4-((3-((3-((5-(3-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethoxy)propoxy)pentyl)oxy)benzyl) carbamoyl)phenyl)amino)-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine-l -carboxylate. Light brown solid. Yield 92%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.55 min). MS (ESI) m/z 786.8 [MH]+. boc
Figure imgf000157_0005
[366] Compound 9. 2-( 3-( (5-( 3-( (3-((I-( tert-butoxycarbonyl )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-yl)amino)benzamido)methyl)phenoxy)pentyl)oxy)propoxy)acetic acid. Light brown solid. Yield 16%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.38 min). MS (ESI) m/z 772.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000158_0001
[367] Compound 10. Tert-butyl 4-((3-((3-((5-(3-(2-(((S)-l-((2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-2-((4-(4-methylthiazol-5- yl )benzyl )carbamoyl )pyrrolidin-l-yl )-3, 3 -dimethyl- l-oxobutan-2-yl )amino )-2- oxoethoxy)propoxy )pentyl )oxy )benzyl )carbamoyl )phenyl )amino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H- 1 ,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate. Colorless solid. Yield 37%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin , retention time 6.13 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1185.2 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000158_0002
[368] Compound 11. ( 2S,4R )-l-((S )-3,3-dimethyl-2-( 2-(3-((5-(3-((3-(( 4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3- yl )piperidin-4-yl )amino )benzamido )methyl )phenoxy )pentyl )oxy )propoxy )acetamido )butanoyl )-4-hydroxy-N- (4-(4-methylthiazol-5-yl)benzyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide hydrochloride. Colorless crystals 100%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.79 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1085.0 [MH]+. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 59.06 (s, 1H), 8.98 (s, 1H), 8.90 (d, J= 6.2 Hz, 3H), 8.79 (t, J= 6.72 Hz, 1H), 8.62 (t, J= 5.75 Hz 1H), 8.35 (br.s, 2H), 7.49 - 7.31 (m, 5H), 7.21 - 7.01 (m, 4H), 6.86 - 6.72 (m, 3H), 6.50 (d, 2H), 4.55 (d, J= 9.6 Hz, 2H), 4.48 - 4.39 (m, 2H), 4.39 - 4.31 (m, 4H), 4.24 (dd, J= 15.9, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.95 - 3.83 (m, 4H), 3.75 - 3.56 (m, 2H), 3.52 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.48 - 3.39 (m, 3H), 3.34 (t, J = 6.2 Hz, 2H), 3.24 (br.s, 4H), 2.70 - 2.56 (m, 1H), 2.45 - 2.27 (m, 5H), 2.12 - 2.00 (m, 1H), 1.95 - 1.83 (m, 1H), 1.82 - 1.59 (m, 4H), 1.57 - 1.32 (m, 4H), 0.92 (s,
9H).
Figure imgf000158_0003
[369] Compound 10. Tert-butyl 4-( (3-(( 3-( (5-( 3-( 2-((2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )- l-oxoisoindolin-4-yl )amino )- 2-oxoethoxy)propoxy )pentyl )oxy )benzyl )carbamoyl )phenyl )amino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidine-l -carboxylate. Colorless solid. Yield 40%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin , retention time 5.86 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1014.1 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000159_0001
[370] Compound 11. N-( 3-(( 5-( 3-( 2-((2-(2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolin-4-yl )amino )-2- oxoethoxy)propoxy )pentyl )oxy )benzyl )-3-( ( 4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4- yl)amino)benzamide hydrochloride. Colorless crystals 95%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.41 min). MS (ESI) m/z 913.8 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 5 11.01 (s, 1H), 9.74 (s, 1H), 9.02 (br.s, 1H), 8.95 - 8.83 (m,
3H), 8.79 (t, J = 5.99 Hz, 1H), 8.28 (br.s, 2H), 7.73 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.58 - 7.46 (m, 2H), 7.22 - 7.02 (m,
4H), 6.83 - 6.72 (m, 3H), 6.68 - 6.38 (m, 2H), 5.14 (dd, J= 13.4, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 4.45 - 4.29 (m, 4H), 4.08 (s,
2H), 3.88 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.75 - 3.64 (m, 1H), 3.58 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.53 - 3.41 (m, 3H), 3.35 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.24 (br.s, 4H), 2.97 - 2.84 (m, 1H), 2.69 - 2.55 (m, 1H), 2.42 - 2.26 (m, 4H), 2.05 - 1.94 (m,
1H), 1.86 - 1.75 (m, 2H), 1.72 - 1.60 (m, 2H), 1.57 - 1.32 (m, 4H).
Figure imgf000159_0002
yl fpiperazin- / -yl )-2-oxoethoxy )propoxy )pentyl )oxy )benzyl )carbamoyl )phenyl )amino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4Hl,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate. Colorless solid. Yield 20%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin , retention time 5.38 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1083.1 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000159_0003
[372] Compound 11. N-(3-((5-(3-(2-(4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-5-yl)piperazin-l-yl)-2- oxoethoxy)propoxy )pentyl )oxy )benzyl )-3-( ( 4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4- yl)amino)benzamide hydrochloride. Colorless crystals 95%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.29 min). MS (ESI) m/z 982.8 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-t 6) 5 10.94 (s, 1H), 9.12 (bs, 1H), 9.00 (bs, 1H), 8.90 (d, J= 5.8 Hz, 2H), 8.79 (s, 1H), 8.35 (bs, 2H), 7.53 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (m, 6H), 6.78 (m, 3H), 6.50 (m, 2H), 5.04 (dd, J= 13.5, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.33 (m, 3H), 4.20 (d, J= 16.8 Hz, 1H), 4.15 (s, 2H), 3.89 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.57 (s, 4H), 3.48 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.41 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.34 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.26 (m, 10H), 2.88 (m, 1H), 2.63 (m, 1H), 2.37 (m, 3H), 1.95 (m, 1H), 1.70 (m, 4H), 1.50 (m, 2H), 1.40 (m, 2H).
Figure imgf000160_0001
[373] Compound 3. (R)-tert-butyl (l-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)carbamate. A solution of (R)-l-(3- methoxyphenyl)ethanamine (5.0 g, 33.07 mmol) in 30 m HBr (48% w/w in H2O) was stirred at 100 °C for 12 h and was then concentrated under vacuum to afford 100% product B ((R)-3-(l-aminoethyl)phenol hydrobromide), which was used directly in the next step without further purification. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 59.59 (br.s, 1H), 8.25 (br.s, 3H), 7.21 (t, J= 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.93 - 6.81 (m, 2H), 6.77 (dd, J= 8.1, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 4.39 - 4.20 (m, 1H), 1.47 (d, J= 9.3 Hz, 3H).
[374] To a solution of (R)-3-(l-aminoethyl)phenol hydrobromide (7.2 g, 33.06 mmol) in 100 ml of water at r.t. were added 100ml of 1,4-dioxane, sodium hydrogen carbonate (13.9 g, 165.34 mmol, 5 eq) and di-tert- butyl dicarbonate (7.4 g, 33.73 mmol, 1.02eq) and the resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 12 h. The reaction mixture was extracted with 3*100 ml of EtOAc. Combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over NazSCU, and evaporated to give the product 3. Yield 98%. 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d()) 59.26 (s, 1H), 7.26 (d, J = 18.0 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.69 (d, J= 7.5 Hz, 2H), 6.58 (dd, J= 7.4, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 4.60 - 4.38 (m, 1H), 1.36 (s, 9H), 1.26 (d, J= 7.1 Hz, 3H).
Syntheses according to the general procedures
Figure imgf000160_0002
[375] Compound 4. (R)-tert-butyl 2-(3-((5-(3-(l-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)ethyl)phenoxy) pentyl)oxy)propoxy)acetate. Yellowish oil. Yield 98%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 2.13 min). MS (ESI) m/z 496.9 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000160_0003
[376] Compound 5. (R)-2-(3-((5-(3-(l-aminoethyl)phenoxy)pentyl)oxy)propoxy)acetic acid hydrochloride.
Light brown solid. Quantitative yield. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.00 min). MS (ESI) m/z 340.4 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000161_0001
[377] Compound 6. (R)-methyl 2-(3-((5-(3-(l-aminoethyl)phenoxy)pentyl)oxy)propoxy)acetate hydrochloride.
Light brown solid. Quantitative yield. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.14 min). MS (ESI) m/z 354.5 [MH]+. boc i
Figure imgf000161_0002
[378] Compound s. (R)-tert-butyl 4-((3-((l-(3-((5-(3-(2-methoxy-2- oxoethoxy)propoxy )pentyl )oxy )phenyl )ethyl )carbamoyl )phenyl )amino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H- 1 ,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidine-l -carboxylate. Light brown solid. Yield 88%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.46 min). MS (ESI) m/z 800.8 [MH]+. boc
Figure imgf000161_0003
[379] Compound 9. (R)-2-(3-((5-(3-(l-(3-((l-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-yl)amino)benzamido)ethyl)phenoxy)pentyl)oxy)propoxy)acetic acid. Light brown solid. Yield 80%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.44 min). MS (ESI) m/z 786.7 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000161_0004
[380] Compound 10. Tert-butyl 4-((3-(((R)-l-(3-((5-(3-(2-(((S)-l-((2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-2-((4-(4-methylthiazol- 5-yl )benzyl )carbamoyl )pyrrolidin-l-yl )-3, 3-dimethyl-l -oxobutan-2-yl )amino )-2- oxoethoxy)propoxy )pentyl )oxy )phenyl )ethyl )carbamoyl )phenyl )amino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H- 1 ,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate. Colorless solid. Yield 28%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin , retention time 6.41 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1199.0 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000162_0001
[381] Compound 11. (2S,4R)-l-((S)-3,3-dimethyl-2-(2-(3-((5-(3-((R)-l-(3-((4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4- triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4-yl )amino )benzamido )ethyl )phenoxy )pentyl )oxy )propoxy )acetamido )butanoyl )-4- hydroxy-N-(4-( 4-methylthiazol-5-yl )benzyl )pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide hydrochloride. Colorless crystals 100%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.87 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1098.8 [MH]+. 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 5 9.09 (br.s, 1H), 9.04 - 8.81 (m, 4H), 8.62 (t, J= 5.87 Hz, 1H), 8.53 (d, J= 8.1 Hz, 1H), 8.34 (br.s, 2H), 7.48 - 7.32 (m, 5H), 7.22 - 7.02 (m, 4H), 6.95 - 6.82 (m, 2H), 6.73 (d, J= 8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.66 - 6.40 (m, 2H), 5.09 -
4.97 (m, 1H), 4.55 (d, J= 9.5 Hz, 2H), 4.48 - 4.32 (m, 4H), 4.29 - 4.20 (m, 1H), 3.95 - 3.83 (m, 4H), 3.75 -
3.55 (m, 2H), 3.52 (t, J= 6.2 Hz, 2H), 3.43 (t, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.35 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.24 (br.s, 4H), 2.69 -
2.55 (m, 1H), 2.47 - 2.30 (m, 6H), 2.12 - 1.99 (m, 1H), 1.96 - 1.84 (m, 1H), 1.83 - 1.59 (m, 4H), 1.57 - 1.30
(m, 7H), 0.92 (s, 9H).
Figure imgf000162_0002
[382] Compound 10. Tert-butyl 4-( (3-(((lR)-l-(3-(( 5-( 3-(2-((2-(2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolin-4- yl )amino )-2-oxoethoxy )propoxy )pentyl )oxy )phenyl )ethyl )carbamoyl )phenyl )amino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4Hl,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate. Colorless solid. Yield 26%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin , retention time 6.04 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1028.3 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000162_0003
[383] Compound 11. N-( ( 1R)- l-(3-(( 5-( 3-(2-((2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolin-4-yl )amino )-2- oxoethoxy)propoxy )pentyl )oxy )phenyl )ethyl )-3-( (4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4- yl)amino)benzamide hydrochloride. Colorless crystals 98%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.47 min). MS (ESI) m/z 927.8 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 5 11.01 (s, 1H), 9.74 (s, 1H), 9.08 (br.s, 1H), 8.98 - 8.79 (m, 3H), 8.52 (d, J= 8.7 Hz, 1H), 8.27 (br.s, 2H), 7.74 (d, J= 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.59 - 7.43 (m, 2H), 7.24 - 6.99 (m, 4H), 6.95 - 6.81 (m, 2H), 6.73 (d, J= 6.1 Hz, 1H), 6.65 - 6.36 (m, 2H), 5.14 (dd, J= 13.0, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 5.09 - 4.94 (m, 1H), 4.37 (q, J= 17.5 Hz, 3H), 4.08 (s, 2H), 3.89 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.75 - 3.63 (m, 1H), 3.58 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.51 - 3.41 (m, 3H), 3.36 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.23 (br.s, 4H), 2.98 - 2.82 (m, 1H), 2.70 - 2.56 (m, 1H), 2.42 - 2.28 (m, 3H), 2.08 - 1.93 (m, 1H), 1.87 - 1.75 (m, 2H), 1.72 - 1.59 (m, 2H), 1.58 - 1.32 (m, 7H).
Figure imgf000163_0001
yl )piperazin-l-yl )-2-oxoethoxy )propoxy )pentyl )oxy )phenyl )ethyl ) carbamoyl )phenyl )amino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4- yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate. Colorless solid. Yield 67%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin , retention time 5.38 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1097.4 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000163_0002
[385] Compound 11. N-( ( 1R)- l-(3-(( 5-( 3-(2-(4-(2-( 2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolin-5-yl )piperazin-l - yl )-2-oxoethoxy )propoxy)pentyl )oxy)phenyl )ethyl )-3-( ( 4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H- 1 ,2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4- yl)amino)benzamide hydrochloride. Colorless crystals 23%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.28 min). MS (ESI) m/z 997.0 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-t 6) 5 14.48 (bs, 1H), 10.94 (s, 1H), 8.74 (d, J = 5.4 Hz, 2H), 8.63 (bs, 1H), 8.50 (m, 2H), 8.03 (bs, 2H), 7.53 (d, J= 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (t, J= 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (m, 5H), 6.88 (m, 2H), 6.74 (dd, J= 8.2, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.48 (m, 2H), 5.04 (m, 2H), 4.26 (m, 2H), 4.15 (s, 2H), 3.90 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.57 (s, 4H), 3.48 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.41 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.33 (m, 10H), 2.90 (m, 1H), 2.60 (m, 1H), 2.38 (m, 4H), 1.95 (m, 1H), 1.71 (m, 4H), 1.52 (p, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 1.40 (m, 5H).
Figure imgf000164_0001
[386] Compound 10. tert-butyl 4-((3-(((lR)-l-(3-((5-(3-(2-(4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-l,3- dioxoisoindolin-5-yl )piperazin-l-yl )-2-oxoethoxy )propoxy )pentyl )oxy )phenyl )ethyl ) carbamoyl)phenyl)amino)-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine-l -carboxylate. Colorless solid.
Yield 56%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin , retention time 5.85 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1128.8 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000164_0002
[387] Compound 11. N-( ( 1R)- l-(3-(( 5-( 3-(2-(4-(2-( 2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-6-fluoro- 1 ,3-dioxoisoindolin-5- yl )piperazin-I-yl )-2-oxoethoxy )propoxy )pentyl )oxy )phenyl )ethyl )-3-((4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-yl)amino)benzamide hydrochloride. Colorless crystals 30%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.76 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1029.2 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-t 6) 5 14.47 (bs, 1H), 11.10 (s, 1H), 8.74 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 2H), 8.62 (bs, 1H), 8.48 (m, 2H), 8.02 (bs, 2H), 7.75 (d, J= 11.2 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (d, J= 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (m, 4H), 6.87 (m, 2H), 6.73 (dd, J = 8.1, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.47 (bs, 2H), 5.10 (dd, J= 12.7, 5.4 Hz, 1H), 5.03 (m, 1H), 4.15 (s, 2H), 3.90 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.60 (s, 6H), 3.48 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.41 (t, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.36 (t, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.25 (s, 8H), 2.87 (m, 1H), 2.61 (m, 1H), 2.39 (m, 3H), 2.03 (m, 1H), 1.71 (m, 4H), 1.53 (p, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.40 (m, 5H).
Figure imgf000164_0003
[388] Compound 3. (R)-tert-butyl (l-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)carbamate. A solution of (R)-l-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethanamine (5.0 g, 33.07 mmol) in 30 mL HBr (48% w/w in H2O) was stirred at 100 °C for 12 h. The reaction mixture was cooled, the solution was decanted and concentrated under vacuum to afford 71% product B ((R)-4-(l-aminoethyl)phenol hydrobromide), which was used directly in the next step without further purification. To a solution of (R)-4-(l-aminoethyl)phenol hydrobromide (7.2 g, 33.06 mmol) in 100 ml of water at r.t. were added 100ml of 1,4-dioxane, sodium hydrogen carbonate (13.9 g, 165.34 mmol, 5 eq) and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (7.4 g, 33.73 mmol, 1.02eq) and the resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 12 h. The reaction mixture was extracted with 3*100 ml of EtOAc. Combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over NazSCE and evaporated. The residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography using chloroform and methanol as an eluent to afford 3. Yield 48%. 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de) 59.18 (s, 1H), 7.19 (d, J= 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (d, J= 8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.68 (d, J= 8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.56 - 4.46 (m, 1H), 1.35 (s, 9H), 1.26 (d, 7= 7.1 Hz, 3H).
Figure imgf000165_0001
[389] Compound 4. (R)-tert-butyl 2-(3-((5-(4-(l-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)ethyl)phenoxy)pentyl) oxy)propoxy)acetate. Yellowish oil. Yield 99%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 2.08 min). MS (ESI) m/z 496.9 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000165_0002
[390] Compound 5. (R)-2-(3-((5-(4-(l-aminoethyl)phenoxy)pentyl)oxy)propoxy)acetic acid hydrochloride. Light brown solid. Quantitative yield. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.00 min). MS (ESI) m/z 340.4 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000165_0003
[391] Compound 6. (R)-methyl 2-(3-((5-(4-(l-ammoethyl)phenoxy)pentyl)oxy)propoxy)acetate hydrochloride.
Light brown solid. Quantitative yield. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.21 min). MS (ESI) m/z 354.3 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000165_0004
[392] Compound 8. (R)-tert-butyl 4-((3-((l-(4-((5-(3-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethoxy)propoxy)pentyl)oxy) phenyl )ethyl )carbamoyl )phenyl )amino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidine-l -carboxylate. Light brown solid. Yield 88%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 5.84 min). MS (ESI) m/z 800.6 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000166_0001
[393] Compound 9. (R)-2-(3-((5-(4-(l -(3-((l -(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l ,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-yl)amino)benzamido)ethyl)phenoxy)pentyl)oxy)propoxy)acetic acid. Light brown solid. Yield 72%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 5.38 min). MS (ESI) m/z 786.9 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000166_0002
[394] Compound 10. Tert-butyl 4-( (3-(((lR)-l-(4-(( 5-( 3-(2-((2-(2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolin-4- yl )amino )-2-oxoethoxy )propoxy )pentyl )oxy )phenyl )ethyl )carbamoyl )phenyl )amino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H- l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate. Colorless solid. Yield 21%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin , retention time 6.03 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1028.3 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000166_0003
[395] Compound 11. N-( (lR)-l-(4-(( 5-( 3-(2-((2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolin-4-yl )amino )-2- oxoethoxy)propoxy )pentyl )oxy )phenyl )ethyl )-3-( (4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4- yl)amino)benzamide hydrochloride. Colorless crystals 98%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.45 min). MS (ESI) m/z 927.6 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-t/6) 5 14.46 (bs, 1H), 11.00 (s, 1H), 9.69 (s, 1H), 8.75 (d, J= 5.4 Hz, 2H), 8.60 (bs, 1H), 8.44 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 8.02 (bs, 2H), 7.74 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (t, J= 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (d, J= 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.07 (m, 3H), 6.80 (d, J= 8.3 Hz, 2H), 6.47 (bs, 2H), 5.14 (dd, J = 13.3, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 5.03 (m, 1H), 4.39 (m, 2H), 4.08 (s, 2H), 3.88 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.58 (bs, 4H), 3.47 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.36 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.26 (s, 4H), 2.91 (m, 1H), 2.61 (m, 1H), 2.35 (m, 3H), 2.00 (m, 1H), 1.81 (p, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.67 (p, J= 6.9 Hz, 2H), 1.52 (p, J= 6.6 Hz, 2H), 1.39 (m, 5H).
Figure imgf000167_0001
[396] Compound 10. Tert-butyl 4-((3-(((lR)-l-(4-((5-(3-(2-(4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-l,3- dioxoisoindolin-5-yl )piperazin-l-yl )-2-oxoethoxy )propoxy )pentyl )oxy )phenyl )ethyl )carbamoyl )phenyl )amino )- 4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-I,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine-I-carboxylate. Colorless solid. Yield 45%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin , retention time 5.77 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1128.8 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000167_0002
[397] Compound 11. N-((lR)-l-(4-((5-(3-(2-(4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-l,3-dioxoisoindolin-5- yl )piperazin-l-yl )-2-oxoethoxy )propoxy )pentyl )oxy )phenyl )ethyl )-3-((4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-yl)amino)benzamide hydrochloride. Colorless crystals 95%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.72 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1029.2 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-t 6) 5 14.46 (bs, 1H), 11.10 (s, 1H), 8.74 (m, 2H), 8.65 (bs, 1H), 8.49 (bs, 1H), 8.43 (d, J= 8.3 Hz, 1H), 8.02 (bs, 2H), 7.75 (d, J= 11.3 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (d, J= 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.07 (m, 3H), 6.81 (m, 2H), 6.47 (bs, 2H), 5.10 (dd, J= 12.8, 5.3 Hz, 1H), 5.02 (m, 1H), 4.15 (s, 2H), 3.89 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.49 (m, 4H), 3.42 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.36 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.24 (m, 12H), 2.86 (m, 1H), 2.59 (m, 1H), 2.34 (m, 3H), 2.03 (m, 1H), 1.72 (m, 4H), 1.53 (p, J= 6.5
Figure imgf000167_0003
[398] Compound 10. tert-butyl 4-( (3-(((lR)-l-(4-(( 5-( 3-(2-(4-(2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolin-5- yl )piperazin-l-yl )-2-oxoethoxy )propoxy )pentyl )oxy )phenyl )ethyl )carbamoyl )phenyl )amino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4- yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate. Colorless solid. Yield 60%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin , retention time 5.33 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1097.3 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000168_0001
[399] Compound 11. N-((lR)-l-(4-((5-(3-(2-(4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-5-yl)piperazin-l- yl )-2-oxoethoxy )propoxy)pentyl )oxy)phenyl )ethyl )-3-( ( 4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H- 1 ,2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4- yl)amino)benzamide hydrochloride. Colorless crystals 99%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.44 min). MS (ESI) m/z 997.0 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-t/6) 5 14.47 (bs, 1H), 10.93 (s, 1H), 8.74 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 8.60 (bs, 1H), 8.44 (m, 2H), 8.02 (bs, 2H), 7.54 (d, J= 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (d, J= 8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.07 (m, 5H), 6.81 (d, J= 8.7 Hz, 2H), 6.47 (bs, 2H), 5.04 (m, 2H), 4.27 (m, 2H), 4.15 (s, 2H), 3.88 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.48 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.41 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.35 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.27 (s, 14H), 2.88 (m, 1H), 2.63 (m, 1H), 2.35 (m, 3H), 1.94 (m, 1H), 1.71 (m, 4H), 1.52 (p, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 1.39 (m, 5H).
Figure imgf000168_0002
[400] Compound 3. (S)-tert-butyl (l-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)carbamate. A solution of (S)-l-(3- methoxyphenyl)ethanamine (5.0 g, 33.07 mmol) in 30 mL HBr (48% w/w in H2O) was stirred at 100 °C for 12 h and was then concentrated under vacuum to afford 100% product B ((S)-3-(l-aminoethyl)phenol hydrobromide), which was used directly in the next step without further purification. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 59.59 (br.s, 1H), 8.22 (br.s, 3H), 7.21 (t, J= 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.93 - 6.81 (m, 2H), 6.77 (dd, J= 8.1, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 4.39 - 4.20 (m, 1H), 1.47 (d, J= 9.3 Hz, 3H).
[401] To a solution of (S)-3-(l-aminoethyl)phenol hydrobromide (7.2 g, 33.06 mmol) in 100 ml of water at r.t. were added 100ml of 1,4-dioxane, sodium hydrogen carbonate (13.9 g, 165.34 mmol, 5 eq) and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (7.4 g, 33.73 mmol, 1.02eq) and the resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 12 h. The reaction mixture was extracted with 3*100 ml of EtOAc. Combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over NazSCL, and evaporated to give the product 3. Yield 97%. 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de) 59.27 (s, 1H), 7.30 (d, J = 18.0 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.68 (d, J= 7.5 Hz, 2H), 6.59 (dd, J= 7.4, 1.7 Hz, 1H),
4.60 - 4.38 (m, 1H), 1.36 (s, 9H), 1.26 (d, J= 7.1 Hz, 3H).
Syntheses according to the general procedures
Figure imgf000169_0001
[402] Compound 4. (S)-tert-butyl 2-(3-((5-(3-(l-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)ethyl)phenoxy) pentyl)oxy)propoxy)acetate. Yellowish oil. Yield 99%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 2.13 min). MS (ESI) m/z 496.8 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000169_0002
[403] Compound 5. (S)-2-(3-((5-(3-(l-aminoethyl)phenoxy)pentyl)oxy)propoxy)acetic acid hydrochloride.
Light brown solid. Quantitative yield. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.00 min). MS (ESI) m/z 340.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000169_0003
[404] Compound 6. (S)-methyl 2-(3-((5-(3-(l-aminoethyl)phenoxy)pentyl)oxy)propoxy)acetate hydrochloride.
Light brown solid. Quantitative yield. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.14 min). MS (ESI) m/z 354.4 [MH]+. b ioc
Figure imgf000169_0004
[405] Compound 8. (S)-tert-butyl 4-((3-((l-(3-((5-(3-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethoxy)propoxy)pentyl)oxy) phenyl )ethyl )carbamoyl )phenyl )amino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidine- 1 -carboxylate.
Light brown solid. Yield 93%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.57 min). MS (ESI) m/z 800.3 [MH]+. boc
Figure imgf000169_0005
[406] Compound 9. (S )-2-( 3-(( 5-( 3-( l-(3-(( l-( tert-butoxycarbonyl )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-yl)amino)benzamido)ethyl)phenoxy)pentyl)oxy)propoxy)acetic acid. Light brown solid. Yield 97%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.36 min). MS (ESI) m/z 786.7 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000170_0001
[407] Compound 10. Tert-butyl 4-((3-(((S)- l-(3-((5-(3-(2-(((S)-l-(( 2S,4R )-4-hydroxy-2-( ( 4-( 4-methylthiazol- 5-yl )benzyl )carbamoyl )pyrrolidin-l-yl )-3, 3-dimethyl-l -oxobutan-2-yl )amino )-2-oxoethoxy )propoxy ) pentyl )oxy)phenyl )ethyl )carbamoyl )phenyl )amino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidine-l- carboxylate. Colorless solid. Yield 30%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin , retention time 6.43 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1198.7 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000170_0002
[408] Compound 11. (2S,4R)-l-((S)-3,3-dimethyl-2-(2-(3-((5-(3-((S)-l-(3-((4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4- triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4-yl )amino )benzamido )ethyl )phenoxy )pentyl )oxy )propoxy )acetamido )butanoyl )-4- hydroxy-N-(4-( 4-methylthiazol-5-yl )benzyl )pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide hydrochloride. Colorless crystals 100%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.87 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1098.9 [MH]+. 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 5 9.09 (br.s, 1H), 9.04 - 8.81 (m, 4H), 8.62 (t, J= 5.87 Hz, 1H), 8.53 (d, J= 8.1 Hz, 1H), 8.34 (br.s, 2H), 7.48 - 7.32 (m, 5H), 7.22 - 7.02 (m, 4H), 6.95 - 6.82 (m, 2H), 6.73 (d, J= 8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.66 - 6.40 (m, 2H), 5.09 -
4.97 (m, 1H), 4.55 (d, J= 9.5 Hz, 2H), 4.48 - 4.32 (m, 4H), 4.29 - 4.20 (m, 1H), 3.95 - 3.83 (m, 4H), 3.75 -
3.55 (m, 2H), 3.52 (t, J= 6.2 Hz, 2H), 3.43 (t, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.35 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.24 (br.s, 4H), 2.69 -
2.55 (m, 1H), 2.47 - 2.30 (m, 6H), 2.12 - 1.99 (m, 1H), 1.96 - 1.84 (m, 1H), 1.83 - 1.59 (m, 4H), 1.57 - 1.30
(m, 7H), 0.92 (s, 9H).
Figure imgf000170_0003
[409] Compound 10. Tert-butyl 4-((3-(((lS)-l-(3-((5-(3-(2-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-4- yl )amino )-2-oxoethoxy )propoxy )pentyl )oxy )phenyl )ethyl )carbamoyl )phenyl )amino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4Hl,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate. Colorless solid. Yield 24%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin , retention time 6.05 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1028.1 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000171_0001
[410] Compound 11. N-( (lR)-l-(3-(( 5-( 3-(2-((2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolin-4-yl )amino )-2- oxoethoxy)propoxy )pentyl )oxy )phenyl )ethyl )-3-( (4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4- yl)amino)benzamide hydrochloride. Colorless crystals 98%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.48 min). MS (ESI) m/z 927.5 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 5 11.01 (s, 1H), 9.74 (s, 1H), 9.08 (br.s, 1H), 8.98 - 8.79 (m, 3H), 8.52 (d, J= 8.7 Hz, 1H), 8.27 (br.s, 2H), 7.74 (d, J= 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.59 - 7.43 (m, 2H), 7.24 - 6.99 (m, 4H), 6.95 - 6.81 (m, 2H), 6.73 (d, J= 6.1 Hz, 1H), 6.65 - 6.36 (m, 2H), 5.14 (dd, J= 13.0, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 5.09 - 4.94 (m, 1H), 4.37 (q, J= 17.5 Hz, 3H), 4.08 (s, 2H), 3.89 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.75 - 3.63 (m, 1H), 3.58 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.51 - 3.41 (m, 3H), 3.36 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.23 (br.s, 4H), 2.98 - 2.82 (m, 1H), 2.70 - 2.56 (m, 1H), 2.42 - 2.28 (m, 3H), 2.08 - 1.93 (m, 1H), 1.87 - 1.75 (m, 2H), 1.72 - 1.59 (m, 2H), 1.58 - 1.32 (m, 7H).
Figure imgf000171_0002
[411] Compound 10. tert-butyl 4-((3-(((lS)-l-(3-((5-(3-(2-(4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-5- yl )piperazin-I-yl )-2-oxoethoxy )propoxy )pentyl )oxy )phenyl )ethyl ) carbamoyl )phenyl )amino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4- yl)-4H-l, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine-l -carboxylate. Colorless solid. Yield 67%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin , retention time 5.38 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1097.4 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000172_0001
[412] Compound 11. N-( (lS)-l-(3-(( 5-( 3-(2-(4-(2-( 2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolin-5-yl )piperazin-l - yl )-2-oxoethoxy )propoxy)pentyl )oxy)phenyl )ethyl )-3-( ( 4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H- 1 ,2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4- yl)amino)benzamide hydrochloride. Colorless crystals 23%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.37 min). MS (ESI) m/z 997.1 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-76) 5 10.94 (s, 1H), 9.07 (bs, 1H), 8.93 (bs, 1H), 8.88 (d, J = 5.8 Hz, 2H), 8.52 (d, J= 8.2 Hz, 1H), 8.30 (bs, 2H), 7.53 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (m, 2H), 7.06 (m, 4H), 6.87 (m, 2H), 6.74 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.49 (s, 2H), 5.05 (m, 2H), 4.26 (m, 2H), 4.15 (s, 2H), 3.90 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.57 (s, 4H), 3.48 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.41 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.34 (t, J= 6.6 Hz, 2H), 3.25 (m, 10H), 2.90 (m, 1H), 2.60 (s, 1H), 2.36 (m, 3H), 1.95 (m, 1H), 1.71 (m, 4H), 1.52 (m, 2H), 1.39 (m, 5H).
Figure imgf000172_0002
[413] Compound 3. (S)-tert-butyl (l-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)carbamate. A solution of (S)-l-(4- methoxyphenyl)ethanamine (5.0 g, 33.07 mmol) in 30 mL HBr (48% w/w in H2O) was stirred at 100 °C for 12 h. The reaction mixture was cooled, the solution was decanted and concentrated under vacuum to afford 71% product B ((S)-4-(l-aminoethyl)phenol hydrobromide), which was used directly in the next step without further purification.
[414] To a solution of (S)-4-(l-aminoethyl)phenol hydrobromide (7.2 g, 33.06 mmol) in 100 ml of water at r.t. were added 100ml of 1,4-dioxane, sodium hydrogen carbonate (13.9 g, 165.34 mmol, 5 eq) and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (7.4 g, 33.73 mmol, 1.02eq) and the resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 12 h. The reaction mixture was extracted with 3*100 ml of EtOAc. Combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over NazSCE and evaporated. The residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography using chloroform and methanol as an eluent to afford 3. Yield 48%. 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de) 5 9.18 (s, 1H), 7.19 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.68 (d, J= 8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.56 - 4.46 (m, 1H), 1.35 (s, 9H), 1.26 (d, 7 = 7.1 Hz, 3H).
Figure imgf000172_0003
boc [415] Compound 4. (S)-tert-butyl 2-(3-((5-(4-(l-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)ammo)ethyl)phenoxy)pentyl)oxy) propoxyjacetate. Yellowish oil. Yield 99%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 2.08 min). MS (ESI) m/z 496.9 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000173_0001
[416] Compound 5. (S)-2-(3-((5-(4-(l-aminoethyl)phenoxy)pentyl)oxy)propoxy)acetic acid hydrochloride.
Light brown solid. Quantitative yield. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.00 min). MS (ESI) m/z 340.4 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000173_0002
[417] Compound 6. (S)-methyl 2-(3-((5-(4-(l-ammoethyl)phenoxy)pentyl)oxy)propoxy)acetate hydrochloride.
Light brown solid. Quantitative yield. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.21 min). MS (ESI) m/z 354.3 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000173_0004
[418] Compound 8. (S)-tert-butyl 4-((3-((l-(4-((5-(3-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethoxy)propoxy)pentyl)oxy)phenyl) ethyl)carbamoyl)phenyl)amino)-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H- 1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine-l -carboxylate. Light brown solid. Yield 88%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 5.84 min). MS (ESI) m/z 800.6 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000173_0003
[419] Compound 9. (S )-2-( 3-(( 5-( 4-(l-(3-((l-( tert-butoxycarbonyl )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-yl)amino)benzamido)ethyl)phenoxy)pentyl)oxy)propoxy)acetic acid. Light brown solid. Yield 72%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 5.38 min). MS (ESI) m/z 786.9 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000174_0001
[420] Compound 10. Tert-butyl 4-((3-(((lS)-l-(4-((5-(3-(2-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-4- yl )amino )-2-oxoethoxy )propoxy )pentyl )oxy )phenyl )ethyl )carbamoyl )phenyl )amino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H- l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate. Colorless solid. Yield 21%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin , retention time 6.03 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1028.3 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000174_0002
[421] Compound 11. N-( (lS)-l-(4-(( 5-( 3-(2-((2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolin-4-yl )amino )-2- oxoethoxy)propoxy )pentyl )oxy )phenyl )ethyl )-3-( (4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4- yl)amino)benzamide hydrochloride. Colorless crystals 98%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.45 min). MS (ESI) m/z 927.6 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-t 6) 5 14.46 (bs, 1H), 11.00 (s, 1H), 9.69 (s, 1H), 8.75 (d, J= 5.4 Hz, 2H), 8.60 (bs, 1H), 8.44 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 8.02 (bs, 2H), 7.74 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (t, J= 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (d, J= 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.07 (m, 3H), 6.80 (d, J= 8.3 Hz, 2H), 6.47 (bs, 2H), 5.14 (dd, J= 13.3, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 5.03 (m, 1H), 4.39 (m, 2H), 4.08 (s, 2H), 3.88 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.58 (bs, 4H), 3.47 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.36 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.26 (s, 4H), 2.91 (m, 1H), 2.61 (m, 1H), 2.35 (m, 3H), 2.00 (m, 1H), 1.81 (p, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.67 (p, J= 6.9 Hz, 2H), 1.52 (p, J= 6.6 Hz, 2H), 1.39 (m, 5H). Synthetic Example S2
General Scheme
Figure imgf000175_0001
General procedures
[422] Compound 2. Methyl 6-(2-(2-((6-chlorohexyl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexanoate. To a solution of compound 1 (3.3 mmol, 1 eq) in dry MeOH (15 mL) was added dropwise SOCk (0.48ml, 6.6 mmol, 2 eq) at 0°C. The mixture was stirred for 12 h at r.t. and then evaporated to dryness to give the crude product 2 which no need additional purification. Colorless oil, yeild 98%. 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 5 3.61 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.57 (s, 3H), 3.53 - 3.47 (m, 4H), 3.45 (d, J= 3.5 Hz, 4H), 3.36 (dd, J= 9.7, 6.2 Hz, 4H), 2.28 (t, J= 7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.69 (dd, J = 13.9, 6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.59 - 1.43 (m, 6H), 1.41 - 1.19 (m, 6H).
[423] Compound 4. Compound 3 (or positional isomer) (2.5 mmol, 1 eq), compound 2 (2.75 mmol, 1.1 eq), K2CO3 (5.0 mmol, 2 eq), KI (0.25 mmol, 0.1 eq) in dry acetonitrile (50 mL) were stirred for 12 h at reflux.
The precipitate was filtered off, washed with acetonitrile. The solvent was evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography using chloroform and methanol as an eluent to afford the desired product 4 (or positional isomer).
[424] Compound 5. A solution of compound 4 (or positional isomer) (2.5 mmol, 1 eq) in dry DCM (50 mL) with 12.5 ml 3 M HC1 in dioxane (5 eq) were stirred for 24 h at r.t. The mixture was evaporated to dryness to give the crude product 5 (or positional isomer) which was used in the next step without additional purification.
[425] Compound 7. Compound 6 (1.2 mmol, 1 eq), compound 5 (or positional isomer) (1.2 mmol, 1 eq), HOBt (1.2 mmol, 1 eq), EDO (1.32 mmol, 1.1 eq) and DIPEA (4.8 mmol, 4 eq) in dry DCM (30 ml) were stirred for 12 h at r.t. The reaction mixture was washed with water (3*10 ml), brine (2 x 10 mL), dried on activated Na2SC>4, and concentrated in a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure at ambient temperature. The residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography using chloroform and methanol as an eluent to afford the desired product 7 (or positional isomer).
[426] Compound 8. To a solution of compound 7 (or positional isomer) (1.2 mmol, 1 eq) in MeOH (20 mL) was added a solution KOH (3.6 mmol, 3 eq) in 3 ml H2O. The mixture was stirred for 12-36 h at r.t. and then MeOH evaporated. To the residue was added 15 ml of H2O and the mixture was acidified to pH 5 with IN aq. HC1 and aqueous phase was extracted with 4*15 ml of DCM. Combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, and evaporated. The product 8 (or positional isomer)was used in the next step without additional purification.
[427] Compound 9. Compound 8 (or positional isomer) (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), degradation moiety (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), TBTU (0.2 mmol, 2 eq) and DIPEA (0.4 mmol, 4 eq) in dry pyridine (3 ml) were stirred for 12 h at r.t. The mixture was evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by HPLC in neutral conditions (YMC-Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-acetonitrile)
[428] Compound 10. A solution of compound 10 (or positional isomer) (0.1 mmol, 1 eq) in dry DCM (3 mL) with 0.5 ml of CF3COOH were stirred for 12 h at r.t. The mixture was washed with sat.sol. NaHCCL. the organic phase was dried over Na2SC>4, and evaporated to give the product.
Syntheses according to the general procedures
Figure imgf000176_0001
[429] Compound 4. Methyl 6-(2-(2-(6-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonylamino)methyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy)- ethoxy)ethoxy)hexanoate. Colorless oil 95%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.98 min). MS (ESI) m/z 540.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000176_0002
[430] Compound 5. Methyl 6-(2-(2-(6-(3-(aminomethyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexanoate hydrochloride. Colorless crystals 100%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.34 min). MS (ESI) m/z 440.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000176_0003
[431] Compound 7. Tert-butyl 4-(3-(3-(3-oxo-2,9,12,15-tetraoxahenicosan-21-yloxy)benzylcarbamoyl)- phenylamino)-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate. Colorless oil 91%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.59 min). MS (ESI) m/z 887.0 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000177_0001
[432] Compound 8. 6-( 2-( 2-( 6-( 3-( ( 3-(l-( tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-ylamino)benzamido)methyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexanoic acid. Colorless oil 81%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.49 min). MS (ESI) m/z 890.8 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000177_0002
[433] Compound 9. Tert-butyl 4-(3-(3-(6-(2-(2-(6-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-4-ylamino)-6- oxohexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexyloxy)benzylcarbamoyl)phenylamino)-4-(5-(pyridine-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate. Colorless oil 16%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.48 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1114.1 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000177_0003
[434] Compound 10. N-( 3-( 6-( 2-(2-( 6-( 2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l-oxoisoindolin-4-ylamino )-6- oxohexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexyloxy)benzyl)-3-(4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-piperidm-4- ylamino)benzamide 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate. Colorless crystals 8%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 5.05 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1014.0 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 5 11.01 (s, 1H), 9.76 (s, 1H), 8.76 (d, J= 6.0 Hz, 2H), 8.64 - 8.48 (m, 2H), 8.08 - 7.93 (m, 2H), 7.81 (d, J= 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.51 - 7.47 (m, 2H), 7.17 - 7.08 (m, 3H), 6.84 - 6.75 (m, 3H), 6.58 - 6.41 (m, 2H), 5.14 (dd, J= 13.2, 5.1 Hz, 2H), 4.43 - 4.28 (m, 4H), 3.89 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.51 - 3.42 (m, 9H), 3.40 - 3.32 (m, 5H), 3.29 - 3.22 (m, 3H), 2.97 - 3.85 (m, 1H), 2.68 - 2.57 (m, 1H), 2.38 - 2.31 (m, 5H), 2.05 - 1.98 (s, 1H), 1.7 - 1.57 (m, 5H), 1.54 - 1.45 (m, 4H), 1.41 - 1.28 (m, 7H).
Syntheses according to the general procedures
Figure imgf000178_0001
[435] Compound 4. Methyl 6-(2-(2-(6-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonylamino)methyl)-4-fluorophenoxy)hexyl-oxy)- ethoxy)ethoxy)hexanoate. Colorless oil 99%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 2.08 min). MS (ESI) m/z 558.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000178_0002
[436] Compound 5. Methyl 6-(2-(2-(6-(3-(aminomethyl)-4-fluorophenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)-hexanoate hydrochloride. Colorless crystals 100%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.28 min). MS (ESI) m/z 458.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000178_0003
[437] Compound 7. tert-Butyl 4-(3-(2-fluoro-5-(3-oxo-2,9,12,15-tetraoxahenicosan-21-yloxy)benzyl- carbamoyl )phenylamino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidine-l -carboxylate. Colorless oil 79%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.70 min). MS (ESI) m/z 904.3 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000178_0004
[438] Compound 8. 6-( 2-( 2-( 6-( 3-( ( 3-(l-( tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl )piperidin-4-ylammo )benzamido )methyl )-4-fluorophenoxy )hexyloxy )ethoxy )ethoxy )hexanoic acid.
Colorless oil 94%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.49 min). MS (ESI) m/z 890.8 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000179_0001
[439] Compound 9. tert-Butyl 4-(3-(2-fluoro-5-((R)-3-((2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-2-(4-(4-methylthiazol-5- yl)benzylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidine-l-carbonyl)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-ll,14,17-trioxa-4-azatricosan-23- yloxy )benzylcarbamoyl )phenylamino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H- 1 ,2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidine- 1 -carboxylate.
Colorless oil 22%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.49 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1303.8 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000179_0002
[440] Compound 10. (2S,4R)-l-((R)-2-tert-butyl-22-(4-fluoro-3-((3-(4-(5-(pyridm-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl )piperidin-4-ylammo )benzamido )methyl )phenoxy)-4-oxo-10,13, 16-trioxa-3-azadocosane )-4-hydroxy-N-(4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl)benzyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide hydrochloride. Colorless crystals 8%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 5.01 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1203.5 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 58.98 (s, 1H), 8.77 - 8.70 (m, 4H), 8.55 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (s, 2H), 7.83 (d, 7= 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (s, 1H), 7.42 - 7.37 (m, 3H), 7.16 (s, 1H), 7.10 - 7.02 (d, J= 28.9 Hz, 2H), 6.80 (s, 2H), 6.57 - 6.53 (m, 1H), 6.48 - 6.42 (m, 1H), 4.54 (d, 7= 9.1 Hz, 1H), 4.45 - 4.35 (m, 5H), 4.24 - 4.18 (m, 1H), 3.85 (t, 7= 9.1 Hz, 2H), 3.67 - 3.65 (m, 2H), 3.52 - 3.38 (m, 15H), 3.33 (d, 7= 9.1 Hz, 6H), 3.28 - 3.22 (m, 2H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 2.37 - 2.32 (m, 1H), 2.27 - 2.23 (m, 1H), 2.16 - 2.00 (m, 2H), 1.94 - 1.84 (m, 1H), 1.68 - 1.59 (m, 2H), 1.53 - 1.42 (m, 6H), 1.38 - 1.18 (m, 6H), 0.93 (s, 9H). Syntheses according to the general procedures
Figure imgf000180_0001
[441] Compound 4. (S)-methyl 6-(2-(2-((6-(3-(l-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)ethyl) phenoxy)hexyl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexanoate. Colorless oil 41%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 2.07 min). MS (ESI) m/z 554.8 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000180_0002
[442] Compound 5. (S)-methyl 6-(2-(2-((6-(3-(l-aminoethyl)phenoxy)hexyl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexanoate hydrochloride. Colorless oil 100%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.26 min). MS (ESI) m/z 454.8 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000180_0003
[443] Compound 7. (S)-tert-butyl4-((3-((l-(3-((3-oxo-2,9,12,15-tetraoxahenicosan-21- yl )oxy)phenyl )ethyl )carbamoyl )phenyl )amino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidine-l- carboxylate. Colorless oil 99%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.61 min). MS (ESI) m/z 900.5 [MH]+. boc
Figure imgf000180_0004
[444] Compound 8. (S )-6-( 2-(2-((6-(3-(l-(3-((l-( tert-butoxycarbonyl )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l , 2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-yl)amino)benzamido)ethyl)phenoxy)hexyl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexanoic acid. Colorless oil 99%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.55 min). MS (ESI) m/z 887.0 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000181_0001
[445] Compound 9. Tert-butyl 4-((3-(((S)-l-(3-(((S)-3-((2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-2-((4-(4-methylthiazol-5- yl )benzyl )carbamoyl )pyrrolidine- 1-carbonyl )-2, 2-dimethyl-5-oxo-l 1, 14, 17-trioxa-4-azatricosan-23- yl )oxy)phenyl )ethyl )carbamoyl )phenyl )amino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidine-l- carboxylate. Colorless oil 33%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 6.56 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1298.9 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000181_0002
[446] Compound 10. (2S,4R)-l-((S)-2-(tert-butyl)-4-oxo-22-(3-((S)-l-(3-((4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4- triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4-yl )amino )benzamido )ethyl )phenoxy )-10,13, 16-trioxa-3-azadocosan-l -oyl )-4-hydroxy-
N-(4-(4-methylthiazol-5-yl)benzyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide. Colorless oil 100%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 5.82 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1199.3 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 58.97 (s, 1H), 8.67 (d, J= 5.9 Hz, 2H), 8.58 - 8.52 (m, 1H), 8.50 - 8.42 (m, 1H), 7.90 (d, J= 6.1 Hz, 2H), 7.83 (d, J= 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (dd, J = 15.8, 8.2 Hz, 4H), 7.19 - 7.12 (m, 1H), 7.12 - 6.99 (m, 3H), 6.92 - 6.84 (m, 2H), 6.78 - 6.70 (m, 1H), 6.48 - 6.43 (m, 1H), 6.26 (s, 1H), 5.15 - 4.98 (m, 2H), 4.54 (d, J = 9.9 Hz, 1H), 4.49 - 4.39 (m, 2H), 4.34 (s, 1H), 4.26 - 4.17 (m, 1H), 3.94 - 3.86 (m, 2H), 3.70 - 3.59 (m, 3H), 3.53 - 3.41 (m, 12H), 3.41 - 3.33 (m, 9H), 3.12 - 2.90 (m, 5H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 2.37 - 1.85 (m, 7H), 1.74 - 1.63 (m, 3H), 1.56 - 1.18 (m, 6H), 0.93 (s, 9H). General Scheme
Figure imgf000182_0001
General procedures
[447] Compound 4. Methyl 6-(2-(2-((6-chlorohexyl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexanoate. To a solution of compound 3 (3.3 mmol, 1 eq) in dry MeOH (15 mL) was added dropwise SOCk (0.48ml, 6.6 mmol, 2 eq) at 0°C. The mixture was stirred for 12 h at r.t. and then evaporated to dryness to give the crude product 4 which no need additional purification. Colorless oil, yeild 98%. 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de) 5 3.61 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.57 (s, 3H), 3.53 - 3.47 (m, 4H), 3.45 (d, J= 3.5 Hz, 4H), 3.36 (dd, J= 9.7, 6.2 Hz, 4H), 2.28 (t, J= 7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.69 (dd, J = 13.9, 6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.59 - 1.43 (m, 6H), 1.41 - 1.19 (m, 6H).
[448] Compound 5. Compound 4 (2.5 mmol, 1 eq), compound 2 (2.75 mmol, 1.1 eq), K2CO3 (5.0 mmol, 2 eq), KI (0.25 mmol, 0.1 eq) in dry acetonitrile (50 mL) were stirred for 12 h at reflux. The precipitate was filtered off, washed with acetonitrile. The solvent was evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography using chloroform and methanol as an eluent to afford the desired product 5.
[449] Compound 6. A solution of compound 5 (2.5 mmol, 1 eq) in dry DCM (50 mL) with 12.5 ml 3 M HC1 in dioxane (5 eq) were stirred for 24 h at r.t. The mixture was evaporated to dryness to give the crude product 6 which was used in the next step without additional purification.
[450] Compound 8. Compound 7 (1.2 mmol, 1 eq), compound 6 (1.2 mmol, 1 eq), HOBt (1.2 mmol, 1 eq), EDO (1.32 mmol, 1.1 eq) and DIPEA (4.8 mmol, 4 eq) in dry DCM (30 ml) were stirred for 12 h at r.t. The reaction mixture was washed with water (3*10 ml), brine (2 x 10 mL), dried on activated Na2SC>4, and concentrated in a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure at ambient temperature. The residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography using chloroform and methanol as an eluent to afford the desired product 8.
[451] Compound 9. To a solution of compound 8 (1.2 mmol, 1 eq) in MeOH (20 mL) was added a solution KOH (3.6 mmol, 3 eq) in 3 ml H2O. The mixture was stirred for 12-36 h at r.t. and then MeOH evaporated. To the residue was added 15 ml of H2O and the mixture was acidified to pH 5 with IN aq. HC1 and aqueous phase was extracted with 4*15 ml of DCM. Combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over NazSCL, and evaporated. The product 9 was used in the next step without additional purification.
[452] Compound 10. Compound 9 (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), degradation moiety (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), TBTU (0.2 mmol, 2 eq) and DIPEA (0.4 mmol, 4 eq) in dry pyridine (3 ml) were stirred for 12 h at r.t. The mixture was evaporated to dryness. A solution of compound 10 in CH2Q2 was treated with 3M HC1 in dioxane and then evaporated to dryness to give target compound The residue was purified by HPLC in acidic conditions (YMC- Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-acetonitrile).
Syntheses according to the general procedures
Figure imgf000183_0001
[453] Compound 2. (S)-tert-butyl 6-hydroxychroman-4-ylcarbamate. To an ice cold suspension of amine hydrochloride 1 (1 g, 4.96 mmol) in DCM (20 ml), di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (1.2 g, 5.49 mmol) was added, followed by triethylamine (0.8 ml, 0.58 g, 5.74 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for overnight and quenched with water (10 ml). Organic phase was separated; aqueous phase was extracted with DCM (2 by 10 ml). Combined organic phases were dried over MgSO4 and the solvent was stripped off. The residue was crystallized from DCM-hexane to afford 1.3 g (98%) of compound 2. 'H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) 5 6.75 (s, 1H), 6.71 - 6.69 (m, 2H), 5.81 (s, 1H), 4.90 (d, J= 8.1 Hz, 1H), 4.82 (s, 1H), 4.21 - 4.16 (m, 1H), 4.12 - 4.07 (m, 1H), 2.23 - 2.05 (m, 1H), 2.05 - 1.91 (m, 1H), 1.51 (s, 9H).
Figure imgf000183_0002
[454] Compound 5. (S)-methyl 6-(2-(2-(6-(4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)chroman-6-yloxy)hexyloxy)- ethoxy)ethoxy)hexanoate. Colorless oil 99%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 2.06 min). MS (ESI) m/z 582.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000183_0003
[455] Compound 6. (S)-methyl 6-(2-(2-(6-(4-aminochroman-6-yloxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)-hexanoate hydrochloride. Colorless crystals 100%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.37 min). MS (ESI) m/z 482.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000184_0001
[456] Compound 8. (S)-methyl 6-(2-(2-(6-(3-(3-hydroxy-l-(3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol- 3-yl )piperidin-4-ylammo )benzamido )propyl )-4-methylphenoxy )hexyloxy )ethoxy )ethoxy )hexanoate. Colorless oil 63%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.27 min). MS (ESI) m/z 843.0 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000184_0002
[457] Compound 9. (S )-6-( 2-(2-(6-(3-( 3-hydroxy-l-( 3-(l-methyl-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl )piperidin-4-ylammo )benzamido )propyl )-4-methylphenoxy )hexyloxy )ethoxy )ethoxy )hexanoic acid. Colorless oil 87%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.24 min). MS (ESI) m/z 828.7 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000184_0003
[458] Compound 10. N-( ( 4S )-6-( 6-(2-(2-( 6-( 2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolm-4-ylammo )-6- oxohexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexyloxy)chroman-4-yl)-3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-ylamino)benzamide hydrochloride. Colorless oil 43%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.59 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1070.1[MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 5 11.01(s, 1H), 9.75 (s, 1H), 9.55 (br, 1H), 8.78- 8.76 (m, 2H), 8.58 (br, 1H), 8.15-7.98 (br, 2H), 7.82 (dd, J = 6.9, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.51-7.45 (m, 1H), 7.19-7.01 (m, 4H), 6.75-6.61 (m, 4H), 6.48 (br, 2H), 5.20-5.12 (m, 2H), 4.40-4.30 (m, 2H), 4.21-4.16 (m, 1H), 4.13-4.07 (m, 1H), 3.96-3.75 (m, 10H), 3.48-3.40 (m, 9H), 3.38-3.31 (m, 2H), 2.94-2.77 (m, 5H), 2.67-2.57 (m 1H), 2.40-2.31 (m, 3H), 2.20-2.12 (m, 2H), 2.05-1.91 (m, 3H), 1.64-1.55 (m, 4H), 1.55-1.42 (m, 4H), 1.37-1.25 (m, 7H).
Synthetic Example S3
General procedures
Figure imgf000185_0001
[459] Compound 1. Methyl 6-(2-(2-((6-chlorohexyl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexanoate. To a solution of commercially available compound 1 (3.3 mmol, 1 eq) in dry MeOH (15 mL) was added dropwise SOCh (0.48ml, 6.6 mmol, 2 eq) at 0°C. The mixture was stirred for 12 h at r.t. and then evaporated to dryness to give the crude product 2 which no need additional purification. Colorless oil, yeild 98%. 'H NMR (400 MHz,
DMSO) 5 3.61 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.57 (s, 3H), 3.53 - 3.47 (m, 4H), 3.45 (d, J= 3.5 Hz, 4H), 3.36 (dd, J=
9.7, 6.2 Hz, 4H), 2.28 (t, J= 7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.69 (dd, J= 13.9, 6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.59 - 1.43 (m, 6H), 1.41 - 1.19 (m,
Figure imgf000185_0002
[460] Compound 2. Methyl 6-(2-(2-(6-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonylamino)methyl)-4- fluorophenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexanoate. To a solution of phenol (0.2 g, 0.83 mmol) and chloride 1 (0.3 g, 0.9 mmol) in MeCN (5 ml), K2CO3 (0.24 g, 1.7 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was refluxed with stirring for 48 hours. Then the solvent was evaporated and the residue was partitioned between methylene chloride (5 ml) and water (5 ml). The organic layer was separated; aqueous one was extracted with methylene chloride (5 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. The product 2 was chromatographed on silica, using chloroform and then a mixture chloroform-methanol (100 to 1) as an eluent. Yield 0.47 g, (99%). Colorless oil 99%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 2.08 min). MS (ESI) m/z 558.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000185_0003
[461] Compound 3. Methyl 6-(2-(2-(6-(3-(ammomethyl)-4-fluorophenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy) hexanoate hydrochloride. To an ice cold solution of ester 2 (0.47 g, 0.83 mmol) in methylene chloride (5 ml) dioxanic HC1 solution (2 ml, 3M) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for overnight. Then the solvent was evaporated, chloroform (5 ml) was added and evaporated again. The residue was crude 3 and used further without purification. Yield 0.41 g (100%). Colorless crystals 100%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.28 min).
MS (ESI) m/z 458.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000186_0001
[462] Compound 4. tert-butyl 4-(3-(2-fluoro-5-(3-oxo-2,9,12,15-tetraoxahenicosan-21- yloxy )benzylcarbamoyl )phenylamino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H- 1 ,2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidine- 1-carboxylate To an ice cold suspension of amine hydrochloride 3 (0.41 g, 0.83 mmol) in methylene chloride (5 ml), 3-(l- (tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin-4-ylamino) benzoic acid (0.38 g, 0.82 mmol) was added, followed by hydroxyl benzotriazole hydrate (0.16 g, 1.04 mmol) and EDO (0.2 g, 1.04 mmol) and finally DIPEA (0.85 ml, 0.63 g, 4.9 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. Then water (5 ml) was added and organic layer was separated. Aqueous layer was extracted with methylene chloride (5 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and evaporated. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel, using chloroform - methanol (20 to 1) mixture as an eluent. Yield of product 4 was 0.6 g (79%). Colorless oil. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.70 min). MS (ESI) m/z 904.3 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000186_0002
[463] Compound 5. 6-( 2-( 2-( 6-( 3-( ( 3-(l-( tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl )piperidin-4-ylamino )benzamido )methyl )-4-fluorophenoxy )hexyloxy )ethoxy )ethoxy )hexanoic acid To a solution of ester 4 (0.6 g, 0.66 mmol) in methanol (5 ml), solid LiOH hydrate (0.27 g, 6.43 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 48 hours. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was partitioned between methylene chloride (5 ml) and a solution of KHSO4 (0.9 g, 6.6 mmol) in water (5 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred for an hour and the organic layer was separated; aqueous one was extracted with methylene chloride (5 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. Yield 0.56 g, (94%). Colorless oil 94%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.49 min). MS (ESI) m/z 890.8 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000187_0001
[464] Compound 6. tert-butyl 4-(3-(5-(6-(2-(2-(6-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-4-ylamino)-6- oxohexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexyloxy)-2-fluorobenzylcarbamoyl)phenylamino)-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4- triazol-3-yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate. To a solution of acid 5 (0.23 g, 0.258 mmol) in dried pyridine (2 ml), lenalidomide (0.10 g, 0.385 mmol) was added, followed by TBTU (0.2 g, 0.527 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature and evaporated dryness. The residue was partitioned between methylene chloride (5 ml) and water (5 ml). The organic layer was separated; aqueous one was extracted with methylene chloride (5 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. The product 6 was purified by HPLC. Yield 0.048 g (16%). Colorless oil 16%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 1.45 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1131.8 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000187_0002
[465] Compound 7. N-( 5-( 6-( 2-( 2-( 6-( 2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-4-ylamino )-6- oxohexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexyloxy)-2-fluorobenzyl)-3-(4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin- 4-ylamino)benzamide hydrochloride. To an ice cold solution of ester 6 (0.048 g, 0.058 mmol) in methylene chloride (2 ml), dioxanic HC1 solution (0.2 ml, 3M) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for overnight. Then the solvent was evaporated. The product 7 was purified by HPLC. Yield 0.0035 g (8%). Colorless crystals 8%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.68 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1032.0 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 11.01 (s, 1H), 9.77 (s, 1H), 8.76 - 8.65 (m, 3H), 7.92 - 7.89 (m, 2H), 7.81 (d, J= 6.5 Hz, 1H), 7.51 - 7.45 (m, 3H), 7.16 (s, 1H), 7.11 - 7.02 (m, 3H), 6.82 - 6.77 (m, 2H), 6.53 - 6.45 (m, 2H), 5.14 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.37 - 4.30 (m, 5H), 3.85 (t, J= 7.8 Hz, 2H), 3.54 - 3.40 (m, 2H), 3.38 - 3.24 (m, 3H), 2.97 - 2.87 (m, 1H), 2.68 - 2.54 (m, 2H), 2.39 - 2.31 (m, 8H), 2.05 - 1.98 (m, 2H), 1.68 - 1.57 (m, 6H), 1.54 - 1.43 (m, 6H), 1.39 - 1.23 (m, 10H). General procedures
Figure imgf000188_0001
[466] Compound 2. (R)-methyl 6-(2-(2-(6-(3-(l-(tert-butoxycarbonylammo)ethyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy) ethoxy)ethoxy)hexanoate. To a solution of phenol (0.2 g, 0.84 mmol) and chloride 1 (0.33 g, 0.93 mmol) in MeCN (5 ml), K2CO3 (0.24 g, 1.7 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was refluxed with stirring for 48 hours. Then the solvent was evaporated and the residue was partitioned between methylene chloride (5 ml) and water (5 ml). The organic layer was separated; aqueous one was extracted with methylene chloride (5 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. The product 2 was chromatographed on silica, using chloroform and then a mixture chloroform-methanol (100 to 1) as an eluent. Yield 0.46 g, (98%). Colorless oil 98%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 2.11 min). MS (ESI) m/z 554.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000188_0002
[467] Compound 3. (R)-methyl 6-(2-(2-(6-(3-(l-ammoethyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy) hexanoate hydrochloride. To an ice cold solution of ester 2 (0.46 g, 0.83 mmol) in methylene chloride (5 ml), dioxanic HC1 solution (2 ml, 3M) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for overnight. Then the solvent was evaporated, chloroform (5 ml) was added and evaporated again. The residue was crude 3 and used further. Yield 0.40 g (100%). Colorless crystals 100%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.40 min). MS (ESI) m/z 454.6 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000188_0003
[468] Compound 4. (R)-tert-butyl 4-(3-(l-(3-(3-oxo-2,9,12,15-tetraoxahenicosan-21- yloxy)phenyl)ethylcarbamoyl)phenylamino)-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine-l- carboxylate. To an ice cold suspension of amine hydrochloride 3 (0.40 g, 0.81 mmol) in methylene chloride (5 ml), 3-(l-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin-4-ylamino) benzoic acid (0.37 g, 0.80 mmol) was added, followed by hydroxyl benzotriazole hydrate (0.20 g, 1.30 mmol) and EDO (0.25 g, 1.30 mmol) and finally DIPEA (0.85 ml, 0.63 g, 4.9 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. Then water (5 ml) was added and organic layer was separated. Aqueous layer was extracted with methylene chloride (5 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and evaporated. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica, using chloroform - methanol (20 to 1) mixture as an eluent. Yield of product 4 was 0.5 g (67%). Colorless oil 67%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.70 min). MS (ESI) m/z 904.3 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000189_0001
[469] Compound 5. (R)-6-(2-(2-(6-(3-(l-(3-(l-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl )piperidin-4-ylammo )benzamido )ethyl )phenoxy )hexyloxy )ethoxy )ethoxy)hexanoic acid
To a solution of ester 4 (0.5 g, 0.55 mmol) in methanol (5 ml), solid LiOH hydrate (0.25 g, 5.95 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 48 hours. The solvent was stripped off and the residue was partitioned between methylene chloride (5 ml) and a solution of KHSO4 (0.82 g, 6.02 mmol) in water (5 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred for an hour and the organic layer was separated; aqueous one was extracted with methylene chloride (5 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. Yield 0.45 g, (93%). Colorless oil 93%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.49 min). MS (ESI) m/z 887.0 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000189_0002
[470] Compound 6. tert-butyl4-(3-((R)-l-(3-((R)-3-((2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-2-(4-(4-methylthiazol-5- yl)benzylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidine-l-carbonyl)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-ll,14,17-trioxa-4-azatricosan-23- yloxy)phenyl)ethylcarbamoyl)phenylammo)-4-(5-(pyridm-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidme-l- carboxylate. To a solution of acid 5 (0.07 g, 0.079 mmol) in dried pyridine (1 ml), VHL hydrochloride (0.04 g, 0.085 mmol) was added, followed by TBTU (0.05 g, 0.131 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature and evaporated dryness. The residue was partitioned between methylene chloride (5 ml) and water (5 ml). The organic layer was separated; aqueous one was extracted with methylene chloride (5 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. The product 6 was purified by HPLC chromatography. Yield 0.034 g (33%). Colorless oil 33%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 1.52 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1299.4 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000190_0001
[471] Compound 7. (2S,4R)-l-((R)-2-tert-butyl-4-oxo-22-(3-((R)-l-(3-(4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl )piperidin-4-ylamino )benzamido )ethyl )phenoxy )-10,13, 16-trioxa-3-azadocosane )-4-hydroxy-N-(4-(4- methylthiazol-5-yl)benzyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide hydrochloride. To an ice cold solution of ester 6 (0.034 g, 0.058 mmol) in methylene chloride (2 ml), dioxanic HC1 solution (0.2 ml, 3M) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for overnight. Then the solvent was evaporated. The product 7 was purified by HPLC chromatography. Yield 0.02 g (62%). Colorless crystals 62%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 5.09 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1198.8 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 8.98 (s, 1H), 8.72 (d, J = 5.4 Hz, 2H), 8.56 (s, 1H), 8.49 (s, 1H), 8.00 (s, 1H), 7.83 (d, 7 = 9.4 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (q, 7= 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.18 (t, 7 = 9.4 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (s, 1H), 6.99 - 6.86 (m, 2H), 6.74 (d, 7= 9.4 Hz, 1H), 6.52 - 6.45 (m, 1H), 5.04 (t, 7= 9.4 Hz, 1H), 4.54 (d, 7= 9.5 Hz, 1H), 4.44 - 4.40 (m, 2H), 4.34 (s, 1H), 4.24 - 4.20 (m, 1H), 3.90 (t, 7= 9.4 Hz, 2H), 3.68 - 3.62 (m, 2H), 3.50 - 3.48 (m, 4H), 3.45 - 3.43 (m, 4H), 3.38 - 3.32 (m, 4H), 3.24 - 3.20 (m, 2H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 2.38 - 2.33 (m, 2H), 2.28 - 2.22 (m, 1H), 2.16 - 2.08 (m, 1H), 2.06 - 2.00 (m, 1H), 1.94 - 1.85 (m, 1H), 1.72 - 1.64 (m, 2H), 1.54 - 1.43 (m, 8H), 1.40 - 1.31 (m, 8H), 1.28 - 1.18 (m, 2H), 0.93 (s, 9H).
General procedures
Figure imgf000190_0002
[472] Compound 6. tert-butyl 4-(3-((lR)-l-(3-(6-(2-(2-(6-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-4- ylamino )-6- oxohexyloxy )ethoxy )ethoxy )hexyloxy )phenyl )ethylcarbamoyl )phenylamino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )- 4H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine-l -carboxylate. To a solution of acid 5 (0.7 g, 0.079 mmol) in dried pyridine (2 ml), lenalidomide (0.03 g, 0.115 mmol) was added, followed by TBTU (0.06 g, 0.158 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature and evaporated dryness. The residue was partitioned between methylene chloride (5 ml) and water (5 ml). The organic layer was separated; aqueous one was extracted with methylene chloride (5 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. The product 6 was purified by HPLC chromatography. Yield 0.032 g (35%). Colorless oil 35%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 1.48 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1127.9 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000191_0001
[473] Compound 7. N-( ( 1R )-!-( 3-( 6-( 2-(2-(6-(2-(2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolm-4-ylammo )-6- oxohexyloxy )ethoxy )ethoxy)hexyloxy)phenyl )ethyl )-3-(4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4- ylamino)benzamide hydrochloride. To an ice cold solution of ester 6 (0.032 g, 0.028 mmol) in methylene chloride (2 ml), dioxanic HC1 solution (0.2 ml, 3M) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for overnight. Then the solvent was evaporated. The product 7 was purified by HPLC chromatography. Yield 0.02 g (67%). Colorless crystals 67%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.74 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1028.2 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 11.02 (s, 1H), 9.80 (s, 1H), 9.12 - 8.86 (m, 2H), 8.86 (d, J= 7.2 Hz, 2H), 8.52 (d, J= 7.2 Hz, 1H), 8.26 (s, 1H), 7.81 (d, J= 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 7.16 (t, J= 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (s, 2H), 6.94 - 6.81 (m, 2H), 6.74 (d, J= 6.7 Hz, 1H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 5.14 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 5.03 (t, J= 7.9 Hz, 1H), 4.36 (q, J= 17.5 Hz, 2H), 3.89 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.50 - 3.42 (m, 10H), 3.38 - 3.33 (m, 4H), 3.27 - 3.19 (m, 4H), 2.96 - 2.87 (m, 1H), 2.67 - 2.62 (m, 1H), 2.39 - 2.32 (m, 4H), 2.05 -1.67 (m, 1H), 1.71 - 1.58 (m, 5H), 1.54 - 1.44 (m, 5H), 1.41 - 1.29 (m, 11H).
General Scheme
Figure imgf000192_0001
General procedures
[474] Compound 4. Methyl 6-(2-(2-((6-chlorohexyl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexanoate. To a solution of compound 3 (3.3 mmol, 1 eq) in dry MeOH (15 mL) was added dropwise SOCk (0.48ml, 6.6 mmol, 2 eq) at 0°C. The mixture was stirred for 12 h at r.t. and then evaporated to dryness to give the product 4 which no need additional purification. Colorless oil, yeild 98%. 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de) 5 3.61 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.57 (s, 3H), 3.53 - 3.47 (m, 4H), 3.45 (d, J= 3.5 Hz, 4H), 3.36 (dd, J= 9.7, 6.2 Hz, 4H), 2.28 (t, J= 7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.69 (dd, J = 13.9, 6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.59 - 1.43 (m, 6H), 1.41 - 1.19 (m, 6H).
[475] Compound 5. Compound 4 (2.5 mmol, 1 eq), compound 2 (2.75 mmol, 1.1 eq), K2CO3 (5.0 mmol, 2 eq), KI (0.25 mmol, 0.1 eq) in dry acetonitrile (50 mL) were stirred for 12 h at reflux. The precipitate was filtered off, washed with acetonitrile. The solvent was evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography using chloroform and methanol as an eluent to afford the desired product 5.
[476] Compound 6. A solution of compound 5 (2.5 mmol, 1 eq) in dry DCM (50 mL) with 12.5 ml 3 M HC1 in dioxane (5 eq) were stirred for 24 h at r.t. The mixture was evaporated to dryness to give the crude product 6 which was used in the next step without additional purification.
[477] Compound 8. Compound 7 (1.2 mmol, 1 eq), compound 6 (1.2 mmol, 1 eq), HOBt (1.2 mmol, 1 eq), EDO (1.32 mmol, 1.1 eq) and DIPEA (4.8 mmol, 4 eq) in dry DCM (30 ml) were stirred for 12 h at r.t. The reaction mixture was washed with water (3*10 ml), brine (2*10 mL), dried on Na2SC>4, and concentrated in a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure at ambient temperature. The residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography using chloroform and methanol as an eluent to afford the desired product 8.
[478] Compound 9. To a solution of compound 8 (1.2 mmol, 1 eq) in MeOH (20 mL) was added a solution KOH (3.6 mmol, 3 eq) in 3 ml H2O. The mixture was stirred for 12-36 h at r.t. and then MeOH evaporated. To the residue was added 15 ml of H2O and the mixture was acidified to pH 5 with IN aq. HC1 and aqueous phase was extracted with 4*15 ml of DCM. Combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over NazSCL, and evaporated. The product 9 was used in the next step without additional purification.
[479] Compound 10. Compound 9 (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), A (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), TBTU (0.2 mmol, 2 eq) and DIPEA (0.4 mmol, 4 eq) in dry pyridine (3 ml) were stirred for 12 h at r.t. The mixture was evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by HPLC in neutral conditions (YMC-Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-ace tonitrile).
[480] Compound 11. A solution of compound 10 in CH2Q2 was treated with 3M HC1 in dioxane and stirred for 3 hours and then evaporated to dryness to give target compound.
Syntheses according to the general procedures
Figure imgf000193_0001
[481] Compound 2. (S)-tert-butyl 6-hydroxychroman-4-ylcarbamate. To an ice cold suspension of amine hydrochloride 1 (1 g, 4.96 mmol) in DCM (20 ml), di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (1.2 g, 5.49 mmol) was added, followed by triethylamine (0.8 ml, 0.58 g, 5.74 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for overnight and quenched with water (10 ml). Organic phase was separated; aqueous phase was extracted with DCM (2 by 10 ml). Combined organic phases were dried over MgSO4 and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was crystallized from DCM-hexane to afford 1.3 g (98%) of compound 2. 'H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) 5 6.75 (s, 1H), 6.71 - 6.69 (m, 2H), 5.81 (s, 1H), 4.90 (d, J= 8.1 Hz, 1H), 4.82 (s, 1H), 4.21 - 4.16
(m, 1H), 4.12 - 4.07 (m, 1H), 2.23 - 2.05 (m, 1H), 2.05 - 1.91 (m, 1H), 1.51 (s, 9H).
Figure imgf000193_0002
[482] Compound 5. (S)-methyl 6-(2-(2-(6-(4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)chroman-6-yloxy)hexyloxy)- ethoxy)ethoxy)hexanoate. Colorless oil 99%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, wateracetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 2.06 min). MS (ESI) m/z 582.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000193_0003
[483] Compound 6. (S)-methyl 6-(2-(2-(6-(4-aminochroman-6-yloxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)-hexanoate hydrochloride. Colorless crystals 100%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.37 min). MS (ESI) m/z 482.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000194_0001
[484] Compound 8. (S)-tert-butyl 4-(3-(3-hydroxy-l-(2-methyl-5-(3-oxo-2,9,12,15-tetraoxahenicosan-21- yloxy )phenyl )propylcarbamoyl )phenylamino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidine-l- carboxylate. Colorless oil 63%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.56 min). MS (ESI) m/z 929.0 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000194_0002
[485] Compound 9. (S )-6-( 2-(2-(6-(3-(l-(3-(l-( tert-butoxycarbonyl )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3- yl )piperidin-4-ylamino )benzamido )- 3 -hydroxy propyl )-4-methylphenoxy )hexyloxy )ethoxy )ethoxy )hexanoic acid. Colorless oil 87%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.43 min). MS (ESI) m/z 915.0 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000194_0003
[486] Compound 10. tert-butyl 4-(3-((4S)-6-(6-(2-(2-(6-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-4- ylamino )-6-oxohexyloxy)ethoxy )ethoxy )hexyloxy)chroman-4-ylcarbamoyl )phenylamino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )- 4H-1 ,2, 4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine-l -carboxylate. Colorless oil 43%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 5.79 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1157.2[MH]+.
Figure imgf000195_0001
[487] Compound 11. N-( ( 4S )-6-( 6-(2-(2-( 6-( 2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolin-4-ylamino )-6- oxohexyloxy )ethoxy )ethoxy)hexyloxy)chroman-4-yl )-3-(4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4- ylamino)benzamide hydrochloride. Colorless oil 96%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.69 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1056.1[MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 11.01(s, 1H), 9.75 (s, 1H), 8.76 (d, J = 5.3 Hz, 2H), 8.67- 8.45 (br, 3H), 8.04 (br, 2H), 7.81 (dd, J = 6.9, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.51-7.45 (m, 2H), 7.19-7.00 (m, 3H), 6.74-6.44 (m, 5H), 5.19-5.12 (m, 2H), 4.41-4.30 (m, 2H), 4.21-4.16 (m, 1H), 4.13-4.07 (m, 1H), 3.96-3.75 (m, 10H), 3.48-3.40 (m, 9H), 3.38-3.31 (m, 4H), 2.96-2.87 (m, 1H), 2.67-2.57 (m 1H), 2.38-2.28 (m, 3H), 2.04-1.92 (m, 3H), 1.64-1.55 (m, 4H), 1.55-1.42 (m, 4H), 1.37-1.25 (m, 6H).
Figure imgf000195_0002
[488] Compound 2. (R)-tert-butyl 6-hydroxychroman-4-ylcarbamate. To an ice cold suspension of the corresponding amine hydrochloride (1 g, 4.96 mmol) in DCM (20 ml), di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (1.2 g, 5.49 mmol) was added, followed by triethylamine (0.8 ml, 0.58 g, 5.74 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for overnight and quenched with water (10 ml). Organic phase was separated; aqueous phase was extracted with DCM (2 by 10 ml). Combined organic phases were dried over MgSO4 and the solvent was stripped off. The residue was crystallized from DCM-hexane to afford 1.3 g (98%) of phenol 2. 'H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) 5 6.75 (s, 1H), 6.71 - 6.69 (m, 2H), 5.81 (s, 1H), 4.90 (d, J= 8.1 Hz, 1H), 4.82 (s, 1H), 4.21 - 4.16 (m, 1H), 4.12 - 4.07 (m, 1H), 2.23 - 2.05 (m, 1H), 2.05 - 1.91 (m, 1H), 1.51 (s, 9H).
Figure imgf000195_0003
[489] Compound 3. (R)-methyl 6-(2-(2-(6-(4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)chroman-6- yloxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexanoate. To a solution of phenol 2 (0.4 g, 1.50 mmol) and chloride 1 (0.6 g, 1.70 mmol) in MeCN (5 ml), K2CO3 (0.5 g, 3.62 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was refluxed with stirring for 48 hours. Then the solvent was evaporated and the residue was partitioned between methylene chloride (5 ml) and water (5 ml). The organic layer was separated; aqueous one was extracted with methylene chloride (5 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. The product 3 was chromatographed on silica, using chloroform and then a mixture chloroform-methanol (100 to 1) as an eluent. Yield 0.85 g, (99%). Colorless oil 99%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 2.06 min). MS (ESI) m/z 582.5
Figure imgf000196_0002
[490] Compound 4. (R)-methyl 6-(2-(2-(6-(4-ammochroman-6-yloxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy) hexanoate hydrochloride. To an ice cold solution of ester 3 (0.85 g, 1.46 mmol) in methylene chloride (5 ml), dioxanic HC1 solution (2.5 ml, 3M) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for overnight. Then the solvent was evaporated, chloroform (5 ml) was added and evaporated again. The residue was crude 4 and used in next stage. Yield 0.75 g (100%). Colorless crystals 100%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.37 min). MS (ESI) m/z 482.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000196_0001
[491] Compound 5. (R)-tert-butyl 4-(3-(6-(3-oxo-2,9,12,15-tetraoxahenicosan-21-yloxy)chroman-4- ylcarbamoyl)phenylamino)-4-(5-(pyridm-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidme-l-carboxylate. To an ice cold suspension of amine hydrochloride 4 (0.50 g, 0.96 mmol) in methylene chloride (5 ml), 3-(l-(tert- butoxycarbonyl)-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin-4-ylamino) benzoic acid (0.44 g, 0.94 mmol) was added, followed by hydroxyl benzotriazole hydrate (0.18 g, 1.17 mmol) and EDO (0.22 g, 1.15 mmol) and finally DIPEA (0.85 ml, 0.63 g, 4.9 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. Then water (5 ml) was added and organic layer was separated. Aqueous layer was extracted with methylene chloride (5 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and evaporated. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica, using chloroform - methanol (20 to 1) mixture as an eluent. Yield of product 5 was 0.47 g (53%). Colorless oil 53%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.60 min). MS (ESI) m/z 928.8 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, CDCh) 5 8.68 (d, J= 5.7 Hz, 2H), 7.97 (d, J = 5.3 Hz, 2H), 7.15 - 6.97 (m, 2H), 6.74 (s, 2H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 6.54 (d, J= 8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.44 - 6.42 (d, J= 8.1 Hz, 1H), 5.33 - 5.21 (m, 1H), 4.23 - 4.18 (m, 1H), 4.15 - 4.08 (m, 1H), 3.85 (dd, J= 12.8, 6.5 Hz, 4H), 3.67 - 3.63 (m, 8H), 3.60 -
3.57 (m, 4H), 3.50 - 3.40 (m, 4H), 3.37 - 3.30 (m, 2H), 2.48 - 2.40 (m, 1H), 2.29 (dd, J= 14.8, 7.4 Hz, 4H), 2.18 - 2.11 (m, 2H), 2.07 - 2.02 (m, 1H), 1.72 - 1.67 (m, 4H), 1.63 - 1.52 (m, 6H), 1.48 (s, 9H), 1.40 - 1.32
Figure imgf000197_0001
[492] Compound 6. (R)-6-(2-(2-(6-(4-(3-(l-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-ylamino)benzamido)chroman-6-yloxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexanoic acid. To a solution of ester 5 (0.47 g, 0.51 mmol) in methanol (5 ml), solid LiOH hydrate (0.21 g, 5.00 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 48 hours. The solvent was stripped off and the residue was partitioned between methylene chloride (5 ml) and a solution of KHSO4 (0.68 g, 5.00 mmol) in water (5 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred for an hour and the organic layer was separated; aqueous one was extracted with methylene chloride (5 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. Yield 0.40 g, (85%). Colorless oil 85%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.42 min). MS (ESI) m/z 915.2 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000197_0002
[493] Compound 7. tert-butyl 4-(3-((4R)-6-(6-(2-(2-(6-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-4- ylamino )-6-oxohexyloxy)ethoxy )ethoxy )hexyloxy)chroman-4-ylcarbamoyl )phenylamino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )- 4H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine-l -carboxylate. To a solution of acid 6 (0.1 g, 0.109 mmol) in dried pyridine (2 ml), lenalidomide (0.035 g, 0.135 mmol) was added, followed by TBTU (0.062 g, 0.163 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature and evaporated dryness. The residue was partitioned between methylene chloride (5 ml) and water (5 ml). The organic layer was separated; aqueous one was extracted with methylene chloride (5 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. The product 7 was purified by HPLC chromatography. Yield 0.065 g (51%). Colorless oil 51%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 1.38 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1156.3 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000198_0001
[494] Compound 8. N-( ( 4R )-6-( 6-(2-(2-( 6-( 2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolin-4-ylamino )-6- oxohexyloxy )ethoxy )ethoxy)hexyloxy)chroman-4-yl )-3-(4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4- ylamino)benzamide hydrochloride. To an ice cold solution of ester 7 (0.065 g, 0.056 mmol) in methylene chloride (2 ml), dioxanic HC1 solution (0.2 ml, 3M) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for overnight. Then the solvent was evaporated. The product 8 was purified by HPLC chromatography. Yield 0.05 g (81%). Colorless crystals 81%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.74 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1056.3 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 11.01 (s, 1H), 9.81 (s, 1H), 9.11 - 8.97 (m, 2H), 8.88 (d, J= 6.0 Hz, 2H), 8.60 (d, J= 8.3 Hz, 1H), 8.29 (s, 1H), 7.81 (dd, J = 7.1, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.55 - 7.39 (m, 2H), 7.16 (s, 1H), 7.11 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (t, J= 8.3 Hz 1H), 6.74 - 6.67 (m, 2H), 6.60 (d, J= 2.7 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 5.14 (dd, J= 13.2, 5.2 Hz, 2H), 4.36 (q, J= 17.5 Hz, 2H), 4.20 - 4.16 (m, 1H), 4.12 - 4.08 (m, 1H), 3.79 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.48 - 3.42 (m, 9H), 3.38 - 3.31 (m, 4H), 3.28 - 3.20 (m, 4H), 2.96 - 2.87 (m, 1H), 2.67 - 2.58 (m, 1H), 2.41 - 2.32 (m, 6H), 2.03 - 1.90 (m, 3H), 1.63 - 1.56 (m, 4H), 1.52 - 1.43 (m, 5H), 1.36 - 1.25 (m, 7H).
Synthetic Example S4
Synthesis of Linker
Figure imgf000198_0002
[495] Compound 2. A mixture of compounds 1 (65.8 g, 631 mmol, 4 eq), benzyl chloride (20.0 g, 158 mmol, 1 eq.), TBAB (0.2 g) and 50% aqua solution of NaOH (25.3 g, 631 mmol, 1 eq) was stirred at 100°C for 12 h, then the reaction mass was poured in water (200 ml), the product was extracted with Et O (3x150 ml), the organic layers were dried over NazSCU, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel, using hexane/EtOAc 1 : 1 as eluent, to provide the product 2. Yield 85%.
[496] Compound 3. A 100 mL flask with stirrer was charged p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (1660 mg, 8.76 mmol), triehylamine (1.83 ml, 13.14 mmol) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (102 mg, 0.830 mmol). The flask was sparged with nitrogen and anhydrous CH2Q2 (30mL) added. The mixture was cooled in an ice-bath and
5 -(benzyloxy )pentan-l-ol (1.50 mL, 8.34 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to RT overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (40 mL), stirred for 5 min and then passed through a 75 mL phase separator. The organic phase was concentrated in vacuo to give a yellow oil. Purification by flash chromatography (50 g SiCL. linear gradient 5-50% EtOAc in hexanes) gave 5 -(benzyloxy )pentyl 4- methylbenzenesulfonate 3 (2330 mg, 6.69 mmol, 80% yield) as a clear oil.
[497] Compound 4. An oven-dried 100 mL flask with stirrer was charged with sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 290 mg, 7.26 mmol). The flask was sealed with a septum, evacuated and back-filled with nitrogen (x3). Anhydrous DMF (20 mL) followed by 1,3-propanediol (0.53 mL, 7.26 mmol) were added and the reaction mixture stirred at 25 °C for 0.5 hr. To the mixture was added a solution of 5- benzyloxypentyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate 3 (2300 mg, 6.60 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (10 mL). The solution was stirred at 25 °C for 15 min and then warmed to 50 °C and stirred for a further 4 hr. The reaction mixture was cooled to RT then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between H2O (40 mL) and CH2Q2 (40 mL) and passed through a hydrophobic frit. The aqueous phase was extracted with CH2Q2 (40 mL) and passed through a hydrophobic frit twice more and then the organic phases were combined and concentrated in vacuo. The crude yellow oil was then purified by flash chromatography (50 g SiO2, linear gradient 5-100% EtOAc in hexanes) to give 3-((5- (benzyloxy)pentyl)oxy)propan-l-ol 4 (1258 mg, 4.99mmol, 76% yield) as a viscous oil.
[498] Compound 5. An oven-dried 100 mL flask with stirrer was charged with 3-(5- benzyloxypentoxy)propan-l-ol 4 (440 mg, 1.74 mmol). The flask was sealed with a septum, evacuated and back-filled with nitrogen (x3). Toluene (3 mL) was added followed by tert-butyl bromoacetate (1.03 mL, 6.97 mmol) and tetrabutylammonium chloride (533 mg, 1.92 mmol). A solution of sodium hydroxide (1.10 g, 10.2 mmol) in H2O (3 ml) was added and the biphasic mixture stirred rapidly at RT for 24 hr. The crude reaction mixture was passed through a hydrophobic frit and the organic phase concentrated in vacuo to give a crude orange residue. This was purified by flash chromatography (25 g SiCL. linear gradient 5-50% EtOAc in hexanes) to give tert-butyl 2-[3-(5-benzyloxypentoxy)propoxy]acetate 5 (277 mg, 0.76 mmol, 43% yield) as a clear oil.
[499] Compound 6. H2 gas was passed through a mixture of compound 5 (5.2 g, 366 mmol) and 10% Pd/C (0.5 g) in EtOH (150 ml) at r.t. for 12 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of celite, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to provide the product 7. Yield 100%. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCL) 5 3.97 (s, 2H), 3.73 - 3.59 (m, 4H), 3.54 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.45 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.91 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 1.69 - 1.56 (m, 5H), 1.53 - 1.38 (m, 11H). General Scheme
Figure imgf000200_0001
General procedures
[500] Compound 7. Solution of compound 6 (1.8 mmol, 1 eq) in CH2Q2 was mixed with DIPEA (2.7 mmol, 1.5 eq) and cooled to 0 °C. 2.2 mmol (1.2 eq) of MsCl was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, washed with water, dried over Na2SC>4 and evaporated. The product was used without purification.
[501] Compound 8. A mixture of compound A (1.6 mmol, 1 eq), compound 7 (1.8 mmol, 1.1 eq), K2CO3 (3.2 mmol, 2 eq) and anh. acetonitrile (50 mL) was stirred and heated under reflux for 12 h, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography using chloroform and methanol (80:1) as an eluent to afford the desired product 8.
[502] Compound 9. A solution of compound 8 (1.7 mmol, 1 eq) in dry DCM (50 mL) with 2.8 ml 3 M HC1 in dioxane (5 eq) were stirred for 24 h at r.t. The mixture was evaporated to dryness to give the crude product 9 which was used in the next step without additional purification.
[503] Compound 10. SOCI2 (0.26ml, 3.6 mmol, 2 eq) was added dropwise to a stirred solution of compound 9 (1.8 mmol, 1 eq) in dry MeOH (20 mL). The mixture was stirred for 12 h at r.t. and then evaporated to dryness to give the crude product 10 that was used for the next step without additional purification.
[504] Compound 11. A mixture of compound 10 (0.5 mmol, 1 eq), compound B (0.5 mmol, 1 eq), HOBt (0.61 mmol, 1.2 eq), EDO (0.6 mmol, 1.1 eq), DIPEA (2.0 mmol, 4 eq), and anh DCM (30 mL) was stirred for 12 h at ambient temperature, washed with water (3*10 ml), brine (2 x 10 mL), dried over Na2SC>4, and concentrated under reduced pressure at ambient temperature. The residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography using chloroform and methanol as an eluent to afford the desired product 11.
[505] Compound 12. To a solution of compound 11 (0.44 mmol, 1 eq) in MeOH (20 mL) was added a solution KOH (1.32 mmol, 3 eq) in 3 mL H2O. The mixture was stirred for 12-36 h at ambient temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was treated with H2O (15 mL), and the mixture was acidified to pH 4 with IN aq. HC1 and extracted with of DCM (4*15 mL). Combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated. The product was used for the next step without additional purification.
[506] Compound 13. Tert-butyl 4-(3-(5-(5-(3-(2-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-4-ylamino)-2- oxoethoxy)propoxy)pentyloxy)-2-fluorobenzylcarbamoyl)phenylamino)-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate. A mixture of compound 12 (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), compound C (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), TBTU (0.2 mmol, 2 eq), DIPEA (0.4 mmol, 4 eq) and anh. pyridine (3 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 12 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by HPLC in neutral conditions (YMC-Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-acetonitrile).
[507] Solution of compound 13 in CH2Q2 was treated with 3M HC1 in dioxane and stirred for 3 hours and then evaporated to dryness to give target compound.
Syntheses according to the general procedures
Figure imgf000201_0001
[508] Compound 7. Tert-butyl 3,9,13-trioxa-2-thiapentadecan-15-oate 2,2-dioxide. Yield 97%.
Figure imgf000201_0002
[509] Compound 8. tert-butyl 2-(3-(5-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonylamino)methyl)-4- fluorophenoxy)pentyloxy)propoxy)acetate. Yield 75%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 2.03 min). MS (ESI) m/z 500.6 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, CDCh) 5 7.28 (s, 1H), 6.94 (m, 1H), 6.85 (m, 1H), 6.74 (m, 1H), 4.91 (br, 1H), 4.34 (br, 2H), 3.96-3.91 (m, 4H), 3.63-3.59 (m, 2H), 3.55-3.52 (m, 2H), 3.47-3.43 (m, 2H), 1.92-1.89 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.78 (m, 2H), 1.66-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.48 (s, 9H), 1.46 (s, 9H), 1.37-1.34 (m, 2H)
Figure imgf000201_0003
[510] Compound 9. 2-(3-(5-(3-(aminomethyl)-4-fluorophenoxy)pentyloxy)propoxy)acetic acid hydrochloride. Yield 99%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.03 min). MS (ESI) m/z 344.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000202_0001
[511] Compound 10. methyl 2-(3-(5-(3-(aminomethyl)-4-fluorophenoxy)pentyloxy)propoxy)acetate hydrochloride. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.11 min). MS (ESI) m/z 358.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000202_0002
[512] Compound 11. tert-butyl4- 3- 2-fluoro-5- 5- 3- 2-methoxy-2- oxoethoxy)propoxy)pentyloxy)benzylcarbamoyl)phenylamino)-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate. Yield 86%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.46 min MS (ESI) m/z 804.8 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000202_0003
[513] Compound 12. 2-(3-( 5-( 3-((3-(l-( tert-butoxycarbonyl )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H- 1 ,2,4-triazol-3- yl )piperidin-4-ylamino )benzamido )methyl )-4-fluorophenoxy )pentyloxy )propoxy )acetic acid
Yield 68%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.35 min) MS (ESI) m/z 790.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000202_0004
[514] Compound 13. tert-butyl 4-(3-(5-(5-(3-(2-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-4-ylamino)-2- oxoethoxy)propoxy)pentyloxy)-2-fluorobenzylcarbamoyl)phenylamino)-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate. Yield 31%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 5.38 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1031.9 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000203_0001
[515] N-( 5-( 5-( 3-( 2-(2-(2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l-oxoisoindolin-4-ylamino )-2-oxoethoxy )propoxy )pentyloxy)- 2-fluorobenzyl )-3-( 4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4-ylamino )benzamide hydrochloride.
Yield 99%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.28 min). MS (ESI) m/z 931.6[MH]+. 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 11.00 (s, 1H), 9.75(s, 1H), 9.19 - 9.03 (m, 2H), 8.90 (d, J= 5.6 Hz, 2H), 8.78 (t, J = 5.8 Hz, 1H), 8.32 (br, 2H), 7.74-7.69 (m, 1H), 7.56-7.48 (m, 2H), 7.13 - 7.03 (m, 5H), 6.80 - 6.77 (m, 2H), 6.61-6.50 (m, 2H), 5.14 (dd, J = 13.2, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 4.43-4.31 (m, 4H), 4.08 (s, 2H), 3.84 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.57 (t, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.45 (t, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.34 (t, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.23 (br, 3H), 2.95 - 2.86 (m, 1H), 2.67 - 2.56 (m, 1H), 2.41 - 2.33 (m, 4H), 2.02-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.82 - 1.76 (m, 2H), 1.68 - 1.60 (m, 2H), 1.52 - 1.17 (m, 6H).
General procedures
Figure imgf000203_0002
Figure imgf000203_0003
[516] Compound 4. (R)-methyl 2-(3-(5-(3-(l-(tert-butoxycarbonylammo)ethyl)phenoxy)pentyloxy) propoxy) acetate. Compound 3 (5.18 mmol, 1 eq), compound 2 (5.37 mmol, 1.03 eq) and K2CC>3 (1.79 g, 12.97 mmol, 2.5 eq) in dry acetonitrile (50 mL) were stirred for 12 h at reflux. The solvent was evaporated to dryness. The residue was partitioned between methylene chloride (10 ml) and water (10 ml). Organic layer was separated; aqueous one was extracted with methylene chloride (10 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography using a mixture of chloroform and methanol (100 to 1 v/v) as an eluent to afford the desired product 4. Yield 2.3 g (97%). LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.74 min). MS (ESI) m/z 454.3 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) 57.23 (t, J= 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 6.78 (dd, J = 8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 4.90 - 4.70 (m, 2H), 4.10 (s, 2H), 3.96 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.63 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.53 (t, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.45 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 1.90 (p, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 1.86 - 1.75 (m, 2H), 1.71 - 1.59 (m, 2H), 1.59 - 1.48 (m, 2H), 1.47 - 1.40 (m, 12H).
Figure imgf000204_0001
[517] Compound 5. (R)-tert-butyl l-(3-(5-(3-(2-hydroxyethoxy)propoxy)pentyloxy)phenyl)ethyl carbamate. A mixture of L1BH4 (0.176 g, 8.0 mmol), compound 4 (2.3 g, 5.0 mmol), methanol (0.33 mL, 8.1 mmol), and ether (10 mL) was refluxed for 15 min. The reaction was quenched with aqueous citric acid (2 g in 10 ml water) with ice-cooling. The mixture was diluted with water and was extracted with dichloromethane. The extract was dried over NazSCL and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. Purification by silica gel (chloroform/methanol = 100:1 as developing solvent) afforded compound 5 (2.07 g, 95%). LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.64 min). MS (ESI) m/z 426.1 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) 57.24 (t, J= 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 6.78 (dd, J = 8.1, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 4.90 - 4.70 (m, 2H), 3.96 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.72 (dd, J = 14.5, 9.9 Hz, 2H), 3.60 (t, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.58 - 3.54 (m, 2H), 3.53 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.45 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.92 - 1.84 (m, 2H), 1.85 - 1.77 (m, 2H), 1.72 - 1.60 (m, 2H), 1.56 - 1.52 (m, 2H), 1.47 - 1.40 (m, 13H).
Figure imgf000204_0002
[518] Compound 6. ((R)-2-(3-((5-(3-(l-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)ethyl)phenoxy) pentyl)oxy)propoxy)ethyl methanesulfonate. A solution of compound 5 (300 mg, 0.705 mmol) in CH2Q2 was mixed with 0.18 mL of DIPEA (1.058 mmol) and cooled to 0°C. 57 mg (0.846 mmol) of MsCl was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, washed with water, dried over Na2SC>4 and evaporated. The product was used without purification. Yield 323 mg (91%)
Figure imgf000204_0003
[519] Compound 7. tert-butyl ((lR)-l-(3-((5-(3-(2-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-5- yl)oxy)ethoxy)propoxy)pentyl)oxy)phenyl)ethyl)carbamate. Compound 6 (0.635 mmol, 1 eq), compound 5- OH-LNDM (0.635 mmol, 1 eq) and K2CO3 (88mg, 1 eq) in dry acetonitrile (50 mL) and DMF (10ml) were stirred for 36 h at reflux. The precipitate was filtered off, washed with acetonitrile. The solvent was evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography using ethylacetate as an eluent to afford the desired product 7. Yield 17%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 7.23 min). MS (ESI) m/z 669.2 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 10.95 (s, 1H), 7.62 (d, J= 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.46 - 7.14 (m, 3H), 7.05 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.92 - 6.79 (m, J= 8.5 Hz, 3H), 6.74 (d, J= 7.9 Hz, 1H),5.19 - 5.04 (m, 1H), 4.66 - 4.49 (m, 1H), 4.41 - 4.32 (m, J= 17.3 Hz, 2H), 3.91 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.75 - 3.67 (m, 2H), 3.50 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.44 - 3.36 (m, 6H), 3.00 - 2.82 (m, 1H), 2.70 - 2.52 (m, 1H), 2.47 - 2.28 (m, 1H), 2.07 - 1.92 (m, 1H), 1.78 - 1.61 (m, 4H), 1.57 - 1.46 (m, 2H), 1.46 - 1.30 (m, 11H), 1.27 (d, 7= 7.0 Hz, 3H).
Figure imgf000205_0001
[520] Compound 8. 3-(5-(2-(3-((5-(3-((R)-l-aminoethyl)phenoxy)pentyl)oxy)propoxy)ethoxy)-l- oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine-2, 6-dione hydrochloride. To an ice cold solution of compound 7 (0.31 g, 0.47 mmol) in methylene chloride (10 ml) a dioxanic 3M HC1 solution (1 ml) was added. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight and then evaporated dryness. The residue was taken up with dry ether (20 ml) and the solid was filtered, washed with ether (10 ml) and dried on air. Yield of 8 was 0.28 g (99%) that was used further without purification. (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.55 min). MS (ESI) m/z 568.3 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000205_0002
Figure imgf000205_0004
[521] Compound 10. tert-butyl 4-((3-(((lR)-l-(3-((5-(3-(2-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-5- yl )oxy )ethoxy )propoxy )pentyl )oxy )phenyl )ethyl )carbamoyl )phenyl )amino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4- tria~ol-3-yl)piperidine-! -carboxylate. Compound 8 (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), compound 9 (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), TBTU (0.2 mmol, 2 eq) and DIPEA (0.4 mmol, 4 eq) in dry pyridine (3 ml) were stirred for 12 h at r.t. The mixture was evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by HPLC in acidic conditions (YMC-Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-ace tonitrile). Yield 36%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 5.73 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1015.2 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000205_0003
[522] Compound 11. N-( ( 1R)- l-(3-((5-(3-(2-((2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolin-5- yl )oxy)ethoxy)propoxy )pentyl )oxy )phenyl )ethyl )-3-( (4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4- yl)amino)benzamide hydrochloride. A solution of compound 10 (0.1 mmol, 1 eq) in dry DCM (50.0 mL) and dry i-PrOH (1.5 ml) with 0.34 ml 3 M HC1 in dioxane (10 eq) were stirred for 24 h at r.t. The mixture was evaporated to dryness to give the product 11 which was sufficiently pure. Yield 95%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.53 min). MS (ESI) m/z 915.8 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-t 6) 5 14.49 (bs, 1H), 10.96 (s, 1H), 8.75 (m, 2H), 8.63 (bs, 1H), 8.49 (d, J= 8.4 Hz, 2H), 8.03 (bs, 2H), 7.61 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (m, 6H), 6.88 (m, 2H), 6.74 (dd, J = 8.1, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.48 (bs, 2H), 5.05 (m, 2H), 4.31 (m, 2H), 4.17 (m, 2H), 3.90 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.71 (m, 4H), 3.50 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.39 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.33 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.25 (s, 4H), 2.90 (m, 1H), 2.60 (m, 1H), 2.37 (m, 3H), 1.96 (m, 1H), 1.70 (m, 4H), 1.52 (p, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 1.40 (m, 5H).
Figure imgf000206_0001
[523] Compound 6. (R)-N-(l -(3-(5-(3-(2-hydroxyethoxy)propoxy)pentyloxy)phenyl)ethyl)-2- nitrobenzenesulfonamide. To an ice cold solution of compound 5 (0.49 g, 1.15 mmol) in methylene chloride (10 ml) a dioxanic 3M HC1 solution (2.5 ml) was added. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight and then evaporated dryness. The residue was taken up with dry ether (20 ml) and the solid was filtered, washed with ether (10 ml) and dried on air. Crude hydrochloride was suspended in DCM (50 ml), cooled in an ice bath and 2 -nitrobenzene- 1 -sulfonyl chloride (0.24 g, 1.08 mmol) was added, followed by DIPEA (1.3 ml, 0.97 g, 7.5 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight and then quenched with water (50 ml). The organic phase was separated; aqueous phase was extracted with DCM (10 ml). Combined organic phases were dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. Yield 0.6 g (99%). LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.57 min). MS (ESI) m/z 511.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000206_0002
[524] Compound 8. tert-butyl (S)-l-((S)-l-cyclohexyl-2-((S)-2-(5-(3-(2-(3-(5-(3-((R)-l-(2- nitrophenylsulfonamido )ethyl )phenoxy )pentyloxy )propoxy )ethoxy )benzoyl )thiazol-2-yl )pyrrolidin-l-yl )-2- oxoethylamino)-l-oxopropan-2-yl(methyl)carbamate To a solution of crude compound 7 from the previous step (over 0.27 mmol) in MeCN (5 ml), Boc-IAP (0.16 g, 0.26 mmol) was added, followed by K2CO3 (0.09 g, 0.65 mmol) were stirred for 12 h at reflux. The solvent was evaporated to dryness. The residue was partitioned between methylene chloride (10 ml) and water (10 ml). The organic layer was separated; aqueous one was extracted with methylene chloride (10 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSCL and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography using a mixture of chloroform and methanol (100 to 1 v/v) as an eluent to afford the desired product 8. Yield 0.07 g (22%). LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 2.38 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1091.7 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000207_0001
[525] Compound 9. tert-butyl (S)-l-((S)-2-((S)-2-(5-(3-(2-(3-(5-(3-((R)-l- aminoethyl )phenoxy )pentyloxy )propoxy )ethoxy )benzoyl )thiazol-2-yl )pyrrolidin-l-yl )-l-cyclohexyl-2- oxoethylamino)-l-oxopropan-2-yl(methyl)carbamate. A solution of compound 8 (0.07 g, 0.06 mmol) in MeCN K2CO3 (0.06 g, 0.4 mmol) was added and the reaction was flashed with argon. PhSH (0.04 ml, 0.04 g, 0.4 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred at ambient temperature overnight and then quenched with water (20 ml). The product was extracted with EtOAc (3 times by 10 ml). Combined organic phases were washed with water (10 ml), dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. The product 9 was used further in the next step. Yield 0.05 g (98%). LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.66 min). MS (ESI) m/z 906.8 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000207_0002
[526] Compound 11. tert-butyl 4-( 3-((R)-l-(3-(5-(3-(2-(3-(2-((S)-l-((S )-2-( ( S )-2-( tert- butoxycarbonylf methyl )amino )propanamido )-2-cyclohexylacetyl )pyrrolidin-2-yl)thiazole-5- carbonyl )phenoxy )ethoxy )propoxy )pentyloxy )phenyl )ethylcarbamoyl )phenylamino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H- l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate. To an ice cold suspension of amine 9 (0.05 g, 0.06 mmol) in DCM (10 ml), acid 10 (0.03 g, 0.07 mmol) was added, followed by hydroxyl benzotriazole hydrate (0.012 g, 0.07 mmol) and EDO (0.015 g, 0.07 mmol) and finally DIPEA (0.2 ml, 1.15 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. Then water (5 ml) was added and organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with methylene chloride (5 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSCL and evaporated. The residue was purified by HPLC in neutral conditions (YMC-Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-acetonitrile).Yield 0.060 g (71%). LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 7.46 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1353.1 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000208_0001
H CI
[527] Compound 12. N-((R)-l-(3-(5-(3-(2-(3-(2-((S)-l-((S)-2-cyclohexyl-2-((S)-2-
( methylamino )propanamido )acetyl )pyrrolidin-2-yl )thiazole-5- carbonyl)phenoxy)ethoxy)propoxy)pentyloxy)phenyl)ethyl)-3-(4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-ylamino)benzamide dihydrochloride. A solution of compound 11 (0.06 g, 0.04 mmol) in a mixture isopropanol-DCM (10%, 5 ml) was treated with 3M dioxanic HC1 (0.2 ml). The reaction was evaporated in vacuo and the crude salt 12 was purified by HPLC in neutral conditions (YMC-Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-acetonitrile).Yield 0.032 g (59%). LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.81 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1153.1 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-t/6) 5 14.47 (bs, 1H), 8.81 (bs, 2H), 8.73 (m, 3H), 8.50 (m, 3H), 8.01 (bs, 2H), 7.67 (d, J= 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (t, J= 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (t, J= 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (dd, J= 8.1, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (m, 4H), 6.88 (m, 2H), 6.73 (m, 1H), 6.48 (bs, 2H), 5.39 (dd, J= 7.5, 3.5 Hz, 1H), 5.04 (m, 1H), 4.47 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.15 (t, J = 4.6 Hz, 2H), 3.90 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.78 (m, 4H), 3.72 (m, 2H), 3.51 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.39 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.33 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.25 (bs, 4H), 2.36 (m, 3H), 2.22 (m, 1H), 2.06 (m, 2H), 1.70 (m, 8H), 1.51 (m, 4H), 1.38 (m, 5H), 1.33 (d, J= 6.9 Hz, 3H), 1.22 (m, 2H), 1.11 (m, 7H).
Figure imgf000208_0002
General Procedures
[528] Compound 11. A mixture of compound 10 (0.5 mmol, 1 eq), compound B (0.5 mmol, 1 eq), HOBt
(0.61 mmol, 1.2 eq), EDO (0.6 mmol, 1.1 eq), DIPEA (2.0 mmol, 4 eq), and anh DCM (30 mL) was stirred for 12 h at ambient temperature, washed with water (3*10 ml), brine (2 x 10 mL), dried over NazSCL, and concentrated under reduced pressure at ambient temperature. The residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography using chloroform and methanol as an eluent to afford the desired product 11.
[529] Compound 12. To a solution of compound 11 (0.44 mmol, 1 eq) in MeOH (20 mL) was added a solution KOH (1.32 mmol, 3 eq) in 3 mL H2O. The mixture was stirred for 12-36 h at ambient temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was treated with H2O (15 mL), and the mixture was acidified to pH 4 with IN aq. HC1 and extracted with of DCM (4*15 mL). Combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated. The product was used for the next step without additional purification.
[530] A mixture of compound 12 (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), compound C (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), TBTU (0.2 mmol, 2 eq), DIPEA (0.4 mmol, 4 eq), and anh. pyridine (3 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 12 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was treated with 3M solution of HC1 in dioxane, and the mixture was evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by HPLC in acidic conditions (YMC-Pack ODS- AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-ace tonitrile).
Syntheses according to the general procedures
Figure imgf000209_0001
[531] Compound 11. methyl 2-(3-(5-(4-fluoro-3-((3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-ylamino)benzamido)methyl)phenoxy)pentyloxy)propoxy)acetate. Yield 86%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.22 min MS (ESI) m/z 718.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000209_0002
[532] Compound 12. 2-(3-(5-(4-fluoro-3-((3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin-4- y lamina )benzamido)methyl)phenoxy)pentyloxy)propoxy)acetic acid. Yield 68%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.11 min MS (ESI) m/z 704.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000210_0001
[533] N-(5-( 5-( 3-(2-(2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l-oxoisoindolin-4-ylamino )-2- oxoethoxy)propoxy)pentyloxy)-2-fluorobenzyl)-3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-ylamino)benzamide hydrochloride. Yield 43%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.30 min). MS (ESI) m/z 946.0 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 11.00 (s, 1H), 9.69 (s, 1H), 9.50 (br, 1H), 8.75-
8.71 (m, 3H), 8.09-7.95 (br, 2H), 7.72 (d, J= 6.1 Hz, 1H), 7.57 - 7.48 (m, 2H), 7.15 - 7.02 (m, 5H), 6.80 -
6.72 (m, 2H), 6.48 (br, 2H), 5.16 (dd, J = 13.2, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 4.31-4.30 (m, 5H), 4.07 (s, 2H), 3.84 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 3H), 3.59 - 3.21 (m, 10H), 3.95 - 2.80 (m, 4H), 2.61 - 2.57 (m, 1H), 2.40 - 2.29 (m, 2H), 2.18 - 1.98 (m, 2H), 1.83 - 1.77 (m, 2H), 1.61 - 1.60 (m, 2H), 1.52-1.45 (m, 2H), 1.40-1.34 (m, 2H).
General Procedures
Figure imgf000210_0002
[534] Compound 4. (R)-tert-butyl 2-(3-(5-(4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)chroman-6- yloxy)pentyloxy)propoxy)acetate. Compound 3 (0.25 g, 0.94 mmol), compound 2 (0.38 g, 1.07 mmol) and K2CO3 (0.32 g, 2.31 mmol, in dry acetonitrile (20 mL) were stirred for 12 h at reflux. The solvent was evaporated to dryness. The residue was partitioned between methylene chloride (10 ml) and water (10 ml). Organic layer was separated; aqueous one was extracted with methylene chloride (10 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography using a mixture of chloroform and methanol (100 to 1 v/v) as an eluent to afford the desired product 4. Yield 0.2 g (40%). LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 2.10 min). MS (ESI) m/z 524.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000210_0003
[535] Compound 5. (R)-methyl 2-(3-(5-(4-aminochroman-6-yloxy)pentyloxy)propoxy)acetate hydrochloride.
To an ice cold solution of compound 4 (0.2 g, 0.38 mmol) in methylene chloride (10 ml), dioxanic HC1 solution (0.7 ml, 3M) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for overnight. Then the solvent was evaporated, methanol (20 ml) was added and the solution was cooled in ice bath. SOC12 (0.3 ml, 0.5 g, 4.21 mmol) was added drop-wise. The reaction was kept at ambient temperature and evaporated dryness. The residue was crude 5 and used further. Yield 0.16 g (100%). LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.10 min). MS (ESI) m/z 382.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000211_0001
[536] Compound 6. (R)-methyl 2-(3-(5-(4-(3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridm-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidm-4- ylammo)benzamido)chroman-6-yloxy)pentyloxy)propoxy)acetate. To an ice cold suspension of amine hydrochloride 5 (0.06 g, 0.14 mmol) in pyridine (10 ml), 3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-ylamino)benzoic acid hydrochloride (0.06 g, 0.14 mmol) was added, followed by hydroxyl benzotriazole hydrate (0.03 g, 0.18 mmol) and EDCI (0.03 g, 0.17 mmol) and finally DIPEA (0.2 ml, 0.15 g, 1.15 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. Then the solvent was evaporated dryness and water (10 ml) was added and organic layer was separated. Aqueous layer was extracted with methylene chloride (10 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and evaporated. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica, using chloroform - methanol (20 to 1) mixture as an eluent. Yield of product 6 was 0.10 g (98%).
[537] LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to
87% for 3min, retention time 1.14 min). MS (ESI) m/z 742.8 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000211_0002
[538] Compound 7. (R)-2-(3-(5-(4-(3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin-4- ylamino)benzamido)chroman-6-yloxy)pentyloxy)propoxy)acetic acid. To a solution of ester 6 (0.142 g, 0.19 mmol) in methanol (5 ml), solid NaOH (0.06 g, 1.4 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 48 hours. The solvent was stripped off and the residue was treated with a solution of KHSO4 (0.19 g, 1.4 mmol) in water (5 ml). The heavy oil was precipitated that does not been dissolved in DCM. Water was decanted and crude acid 7 was used further. Yield 0.08 g (56%). LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.12 min). MS (ESI) m/z 728.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000212_0001
[539] Compound 8. N-( ( 4R )-6-( 5-( 3-( 2-(2-(2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolin-4-ylamino )-2- oxoethoxy)propoxy)pentyloxy)chroman-4-yl)-3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin- 4-ylamino)benzamide hydrochloride. To a solution of acid 7 (0.079 g, 0.11 mmol) in dried pyridine (2 ml), 3- (4-amino-l-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine-2, 6-dione (0.03 g, 0.11 mmol) was added, followed by TBTU (0.09 g, 0.253 mmol) and DIPEA (0.2 ml, 1.15 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature and evaporated dryness. The residue was partitioned between methylene chloride (5 ml) and water (5 ml). The organic layer was separated; aqueous one was extracted with methylene chloride (5 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. The product 8 was purified by HPLC chromatography. Yield 0.014 g (13%). LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.82 min). MS (ESI) m/z 970.3 [MH]+. 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 11.00 (s, 1H), 9.71 (s, 1H), 8.79 (d, J = 5.5 Hz, 2H), 8.60 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 8.20 - 8.03 (m, 2H), 7.73 (d, J= 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J= 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (t, J= 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (s, 1H), 7.14 - 6.98 (m, 2H), 6.70 (dd, J = 17.6, 8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.60 (s, 1H), 6.54 - 6.46 (m, 1H), 5.18 - 5.11 (m, 2H), 4.36 (q, J = 17.5 Hz, 2H), 4.22 - 4.15 (m, 1H), 4.10 - 4.04 (m, 4H), 3.77 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.58 - 3.51 (m, 3H), 3.48 - 3.39 (m, 3H), 3.35 - 3.22 (m, 4H), 2.94 - 2.87 (m, 1H), 2.87 - 2.79 (m, 4H), 2.60 - 2.57 (m, 2H), 2.42 - 2.29 (m, 3H), 2.21 - 2.10 (m, 1H), 2.03 - 1.88 (m, 3H), 1.82 - 1.74 (m, 2H), 1.63 - 1.55 (m, 2H), 1.50 - 1.42 (m, 2H), 1.38 - 1.29 (m, 2H).
Synthetic Example S5
General Procedures
Figure imgf000212_0002
[540] Compound 2. 5-(3-(2-tert-butoxy-2-oxoethoxy)propoxy)pentyl methanesulfonate
To an ice cold solution of the corresponding alcohol (0.45 g, 1.63 mmol) in methylene chloride (10 ml), DIPEA (0.4 ml, 0.29 g, 2.31 mmol) was added, followed by mesyl chloride (0.16 ml, 0.23 g, 2.02 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 4 hours and quenched with water (10 ml). Organic phase was separated; aqueous was extracted with methylene chloride (10 ml). Combined organic phases were washed with water (10 ml) and dried over MgSO4- The solvent was stripped off and the product 2 was used further without additional purification. Yield 0.58 g (100%).
Figure imgf000213_0001
[541] Compound 4. tert-butyl 2-(3-(5-(4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)chroman-6-yloxy)pentyloxy) propoxy)acetate. Compound 3 (0.18 g, 0.67 mmol), compound 2 (0.25 g, 0.71 mmol) and K2CC>3 (0.23 g, 1.6 mmol, in dry acetonitrile (20 mL) were stirred for 12 h at reflux. The solvent was evaporated to dryness. The residue was partitioned between methylene chloride (10 ml) and water (10 ml). Organic layer was separated; aqueous one was extracted with methylene chloride (10 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography using a mixture of chloroform and methanol (100 to 1 v/v) as an eluent to afford the desired product 4. Yield 0.33 g (95%).
LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 2.07 min). MS (ESI) m/z 524.8 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000213_0002
[542] Compound 5. methyl 2-(3-(5-(4-aminochroman-6-yloxy)pentyloxy)propoxy)acetate hydrochloride To an ice cold solution of compound 4 (0.33 g, 0.64 mmol) in methylene chloride (10 ml), dioxanic HC1 solution (1.2 ml, 3M) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for overnight. Then the solvent was evaporated, methanol (20 ml) was added and the solution was cooled in ice bath. SOC12 (0.6 ml, 1.0 g, 8.42 mmol) was added drop-wise. The reaction was kept at ambient temperature and evaporated dryness. The residue was crude 5 and used further. Yield 0.23 g (86%). LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.16 min). MS (ESI) m/z 382.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000213_0003
[543] Compound 6. tert-butyl 4-(3-(6-(5-(3-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethoxy)propoxy)pentyloxy)chroman-4- ylcarbamoyl)phenylamino)-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate. To an ice cold suspension of amine hydrochloride 5 (0.13 g, 0.31 mmol) in DCM (10 ml), 3-(l-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-(5- (pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin-4-ylamino)benzoic acid (0.16 g, 0.34 mmol) was added, followed by hydroxyl benzotriazole hydrate (0.06 g, 0.41 mmol) and EDO (0.08 g, 0.41 mmol) and finally DIPEA (0.2 ml, 0.15 g, 1.15 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. Then the reaction was diluted with water (10 ml) and organic layer was separated. Aqueous layer was extracted with methylene chloride (10 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and evaporated. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica, using chloroform - methanol (20 to 1) mixture as an eluent.
Yield of product 6 was 0.18 g (69%). LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.44 min). MS (ESI) m/z 828.8 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000214_0001
[544] Compound 7. 2-(3-(5-(4-(3-(l-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-ylamino)benzamido)chroman-6-yloxy)pentyloxy)propoxy)acetic acid. To a solution of ester 6 (0.18 g, 0.22 mmol) in methanol (5 ml), solid NaOH (0.04 g, 1.1 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 48 hours. The solvent was stripped off and the residue was treated with a solution of KHSO4 (0.15 g, 1.1 mmol) in water (5 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred for an hour and the organic layer was separated; aqueous one was extracted with methylene chloride (5 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. Yield 0.16 g, (92%). LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.33 min). MS (ESI) m/z 814.7
[MH]+.
Figure imgf000214_0002
[545] Compound 8. tert-butyl 4-(3-(6-(5-(3-(2-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-4-ylamino)-2- oxoethoxy )propoxy)pentyloxy)chroman-4-ylcarbamoyl)phenylamino)-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l, 2, 4-triazol-3- yl)piperidine-l -carboxylate. To a solution of acid 7 (0.16 g, 0.20 mmol) in dried pyridine (2 ml), 3-(4-amino- l-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine -2, 6-dione (0.062 g, 0.23 mmol) was added, followed by TBTU (0.11 g, 0.29 mmol) and DIPEA (0.2 ml, 1.15 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature and evaporated dryness. The residue was partitioned between methylene chloride (5 ml) and water (5 ml). The organic layer was separated; aqueous one was extracted with methylene chloride (5 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. The product 8 was purified by HPLC chromatography. Yield
0.095 g (43%).
Figure imgf000214_0003
[546] Compound 9. N-( 6-( 5-( 3-(2-(2-( 2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-/-oxoisoindolin-4-y lamina )-2- oxoethoxy)propoxy)pentyloxy)chroman-4-yl)-3-(4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin-4- ylamino)benzamide hydrochloride. To an ice cold solution of compound 8 (0.095 g, 0.09 mmol) in methylene chloride (10 ml), dioxanic HC1 solution (0.5 ml, 3M) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for overnight. The solvent and an excess of HC1 were evaporated and the product 9 was purified by HPLC chromatography. Yield 0.084 g (94%). LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.25 min). MS (ESI) m/z 955.8 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 10.99 (s, 1H), 9.73 (s, 1H), 9.19 - 9.10 (m, 1H), 9.04 - 8.97 (m, 1H), 8.90 (d, J= 6.0 Hz, 2H), 8.59 (d, J= 8.2 Hz, 1H), 8.33 (s, 2H), 7.73 (d, J= 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J= 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (t, J= 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (s, 1H), 7.12 (d, J= 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (t, J= 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.72 (dd, J = 8.8, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 6.68 (d, 7= 8.9 Hz, 1H), 6.60 (d, 7= 2.6 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (d, 7= 7.0 Hz, 1H), 5.19 - 5.11 (m, 2H), 4.37 (q, 7= 17.4 Hz, 2H), 4.21 - 4.16 (m, 2H), 4.13 - 4.05 (m, 4H), 3.78 (t, 7= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.56 (t, 7 = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.44 (t, 7= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.33 (t, 7= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.28 - 3.20 (m, 3H), 2.96 - 2.84 (m, 1H), 2.68 - 2.56 (m, 2H), 2.44 - 2.28 (m, 4H), 2.04 - 1.90 (m, 3H), 1.84 - 1.73 (m, 2H), 1.66 - 1.53 (m, 2H), 1.50 - 1.44 (m, 2H), 1.41 - 1.29 (m, 2H).
Figure imgf000215_0001
[547] Compound 4. (S)-tert-butyl 2-(3-(5-(4-(tert-butoxycarbonylammo)chroman-6-yloxy)pentyloxy) propoxy)acetate. Compound 3 (0.4 g, 1.50 mmol), compound 2 (0.58 g, 1.63 mmol) and K2CC>3 (0.52 g, 3.76 mmol, in dry acetonitrile (50 mL) were stirred for 12 h at reflux. The solvent was evaporated to dryness. The residue was partitioned between methylene chloride (10 ml) and water (10 ml). Organic layer was separated; aqueous one was extracted with methylene chloride (10 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography using a mixture of chloroform and methanol (100 to 1 v/v) as an eluent to afford the desired product 4. Yield 0.8 g (89%). LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 2.08 min). MS (ESI) m/z 524.8 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000216_0001
[548] Compound 5. (S)-methyl 2-(3-(5-(4-aminochroman-6-yloxy)pentyloxy)propoxy)acetate hydrochloride. To an ice cold solution of compound 4 (0.8 g, 1.5 mmol) in methylene chloride (10 ml), dioxanic HC1 solution (3.0 ml, 3M) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for overnight. Then the solvent was evaporated, methanol (50 ml) was added and the solution was cooled in ice bath. SOC12 (4 ml, 6.68 g, 56.13 mmol) was added drop-wise. The reaction was kept at ambient temperature and evaporated dryness. The residue was crude 5 and used further. Yield 0.7 g (100%). LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.16 min). MS (ESI) m/z 382.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000216_0002
[549] Compound 6. (S)-tert-butyl 4-(3-(6-(5-(3-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethoxy)propoxy)pentyloxy)chroman-4- ylcarbamoyl )phenylamino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidine-l -carboxylate
To an ice cold suspension of amine hydrochloride 5 (0.25 g, 0.59 mmol) in DCM (10 ml), 3-(l-(tert- butoxycarbonyl)-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin-4-ylamino)benzoic acid (0.28 g, 0.6 mmol) was added, followed by hydroxyl benzotriazole hydrate (0.12 g, 0.78 mmol) and EDO (0.15 g, 0.78 mmol) and finally DIPEA (0.5 ml, 0.37 g, 2.89 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. Then the reaction was diluted with water (10 ml) and organic layer was separated. Aqueous layer was extracted with methylene chloride (10 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and evaporated. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica, using chloroform - methanol (20 to 1) mixture as an eluent. Yield of product 6 was 0.31 g (63%). LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.41 min). MS (ESI) m/z 828.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000217_0001
[550] Compound 7. (S )-2-( 3-( 5-( 4-( 3-(l-( tert-butoxycarbonyl )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H- 1 ,2,4-triazol-3- yl )piperidin-4-ylamino )benzamido )chroman-6-yloxy )pentyloxy )propoxy )acetic acid
To a solution of ester 6 (0.31 g, 0.38 mmol) in methanol (5 ml), solid KOH (0.1 g, 1.78 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 48 hours. The solvent was stripped off and the residue was treated with a solution of KHSO4 (0.24 g, 1.78 mmol) in water (5 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred for an hour and the organic layer was separated; aqueous one was extracted with methylene chloride (5 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. Yield 0.25 g, (83%). LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.34 min). MS (ESI) m/z 814.3 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000217_0002
[551] Compound 8. tert-butyl 4-(3-((4S)-6-(5-(3-(2-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-4-ylamino)- 2-oxoethoxy)propoxy)pentyloxy)chroman-4-ylcarbamoyl)phenylamino)-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-
3-yl)piperidine-l -carboxylate. To a solution of acid 7 (0.1 g, 0.12 mmol) in dried pyridine (2 ml), 3-(4-amino- l-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine -2, 6-dione (0.032 g, 0.12 mmol) was added, followed by TBTU (0.09 g, 0.253 mmol) and DIPEA (0.2 ml, 1.15 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature and evaporated dryness. The residue was partitioned between methylene chloride (5 ml) and water (5 ml). The organic layer was separated; aqueous one was extracted with methylene chloride (5 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. The product 8 was purified by HPLC chromatography. Yield
Figure imgf000217_0003
[552] Compound 9. N-( ( 4S )-6-( 5-( 3-(2-(2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l-oxoisoindolin-4-ylamino )-2- oxoethoxy)propoxy)pentyloxy)chroman-4-yl)-3-(4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin-4- ylamino)benzamide hydrochloride. To an ice cold solution of compound 8 (0.096 g, 0.09 mmol) in methylene chloride (10 ml), dioxanic HC1 solution (0.5 ml, 3M) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for overnight. The solvent and an excess of HC1 were evaporated and the product 9 was purified by HPLC chromatography. Yield 0.093 g (99%). LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.26 min). MS (ESI) m/z 955.8 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 11.00 (s, 1H), 9.73 (s, 1H), 9.12 (br. s, 1H), 8.97 (br. s, 1H), 8.89 (d, J= 6.0 Hz, 2H), 8.60 (d, J= 8.2 Hz, 1H), 8.32 (s, 2H), 7.73 (d, J= 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J = 6.7 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (t, J= 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (s, 1H), 7.12 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (t, J= 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.77 - 6.65 (m, 2H), 6.60 (d, J = 2.6 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 5.13 (dd, J= 13.2, 5.4 Hz, 2H), 4.37 (q, J= 17.3 Hz, 2H), 4.21 - 4.16 (m, 2H), 4.12 - 4.07 (m, 4H), 3.78 (t, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.56 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.44 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.33 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.28 - 3.21 (m, 5H), 2.98 - 2.84 (m, 1H), 2.71 - 2.55 (m, 2H), 2.47 - 2.29 (m, 4H), 2.03 - 1.91 (m, 3H), 1.79 (t, 7 = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.66 - 1.54 (m, 2H), 1.46 (dd, 7= 14.4, 6.5 Hz, 2H), 1.35 (dd, 7= 14.4, 6.5 Hz, 2H).
Figure imgf000218_0001
[553] Compound 6. (S)-methyl 2-(3-(5-(4-(3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin-4- ylamino)benzamido)chroman-6-yloxy)pentyloxy)propoxy)acetate. To an ice cold suspension of amine hydrochloride 5 (0.25 g, 0.59 mmol) in pyridine (10 ml), 3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-ylamino)benzoic acid hydrochloride (0.3 g, 0.72 mmol) was added, followed by hydroxyl benzotriazole hydrate (0.15 g, 0.98 mmol) and EDCI (0.18 g, 0.94 mmol) and finally DIPEA (2.0 ml, 1.5 g, 11.58 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. Then the solvent was evaporated dryness and water (10 ml) was added and organic layer was separated. Aqueous layer was extracted with methylene chloride (10 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and evaporated. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica, using chloroform - methanol (20 to 1) mixture as an eluent. Yield of product 6 was 0.15 g (34%). LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.18 min). MS (ESI) m/z 742.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000218_0002
[554] Compound 7. (S)-2-(3-(5-(4-(3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin-4- ylamino)benzamido)chroman-6-yloxy)pentyloxy)propoxy)acetic acid. To a solution of ester 6 (0.15 g, 0.21 mmol) in methanol (5 ml), solid KOH (0.06 g, 1.05 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 48 hours. The solvent was stripped off and the residue was treated with a solution of KHSO4 (0.14 g, 1.05 mmol) in water (5 ml). The heavy oil was precipitated that does not been dissolved in DCM. Water was decanted and crude acid 7 was used further. Yield 0.29 g (>100%). LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.11 min). MS (ESI) m/z 728.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000219_0001
[555] Compound 8. N-( ( 4S )-6-( 5-( 3-(2-(2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l-oxoisoindolin-4-ylamino )-2- oxoethoxy)propoxy)pentyloxy)chroman-4-yl)-3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin- 4-ylamino)ben~amide hydrochloride. To a solution of acid 7 (0.07 g, 0.09 mmol) in dried pyridine (2 ml), 3- (4-amino-l-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine-2, 6-dione (0.03 g, 0.11 mmol) was added, followed by TBTU (0.09 g, 0.253 mmol) and DIPEA (0.2 ml, 1.15 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature and evaporated dryness. The residue was partitioned between methylene chloride (5 ml) and water (5 ml). The organic layer was separated; aqueous one was extracted with methylene chloride (5 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. The product 8 was purified by HPLC chromatography. Yield 0.023 g (24%). LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.29 min). MS (ESI) m/z 969.9 [MH]+. 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 10.99 (s, 1H), 9.69 (s, 1H), 9.53 (s, 1H), 8.77 - 8.75 (m, 2H), 8.59 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 8.12 - 8.01 (m, 2H), 7.73 (d, 7= 6.9 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, 7 = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (t, 7 = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 7.14 - 7.00 (m, 1H), 6.70 (dd, 7= 17.7, 8.9 Hz, 2H), 6.60 (s, 1H), 6.54 - 6.42 (m, 1H), 5.13 (dd, 7= 13.3, 5.1 Hz, 2H), 4.37 (dd, 7 = 26.1, 17.3 Hz, 2H), 4.22 - 4.16 (m, 1H), 4.12 - 4.10 (m, 1H), 4.07 (s, 3H), 3.78 (t, 7= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.58 - 3.52 (m, 4H), 3.50 - 3.39 (m, 4H), 3.30 (m, 4H), 2.99 - 2.81 (m, 4H), 2.69 - 2.54 (m, 1H), 2.42 - 2.29 (m, 2H), 2.19 - 2.11 (m, 1H), 1.99 - 1.91 (m, 4H), 1.84 - 1.75 (m, 2H), 1.65 - 1.54 (m, 2H), 1.53 - 1.40 (m, 2H), 1.38 - 1.32 (m, 2H), 1.30 - 1.19 (m, 1H).
Figure imgf000219_0002
[556] Compound 4. (R)-tert-butyl 2-(3-(5-(4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)chroman-6- yloxy)pentyloxy)propoxy)acetate. Compound 3 (0.25 g, 0.94 mmol), compound 2 (0.38 g, 1.07 mmol) and K2CO3 (0.32 g, 2.31 mmol, in dry acetonitrile (20 mL) were stirred for 12 h at reflux. The solvent was evaporated to dryness. The residue was partitioned between methylene chloride (10 ml) and water (10 ml). Organic layer was separated; aqueous one was extracted with methylene chloride (10 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography using a mixture of chloroform and methanol (100 to 1 v/v) as an eluent to afford the desired product 4. Yield 0.2 g (40%). LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 2.10 min). MS (ESI) m/z 524.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000220_0001
[557] Compound 5. (R)-methyl 2-(3-(5-(4-aminochroman-6-yloxy)pentyloxy)propoxy)acetate hydrochloride.
To an ice cold solution of compound 4 (0.2 g, 0.38 mmol) in methylene chloride (10 ml), dioxanic HC1 solution (0.7 ml, 3M) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for overnight. Then the solvent was evaporated, methanol (20 ml) was added and the solution was cooled in ice bath. SOC12 (0.3 ml, 0.5 g, 4.21 mmol) was added drop-wise. The reaction was kept at ambient temperature and evaporated dryness. The residue was crude 5 and used further. Yield 0.7 g (100%). LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.10 min). MS (ESI) m/z 382.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000220_0002
[558] Compound 6. (R)-tert-butyl 4-(3-(6-(5-(3-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethoxy)propoxy)pentyloxy)chroman-4- ylcarbamoyl)phenylammo)-4-(5-(pyridm-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidme-l-carboxylate. To an ice cold suspension of amine hydrochloride 5 (0.06 g, 0.14 mmol) in DCM (10 ml), 3-(l-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-(5- (pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin-4-ylamino)benzoic acid (0.08 g, 0.16 mmol) was added, followed by hydroxyl benzotriazole hydrate (0.03 g, 0.19 mmol) and EDO (0.04 g, 0.19 mmol) and finally DIPEA (0.5 ml, 0.37 g, 2.89 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. Then the reaction was diluted with water (10 ml) and organic layer was separated. Aqueous layer was extracted with methylene chloride (10 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and evaporated. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica, using chloroform - methanol (20 to 1) mixture as an eluent. Yield of product 6 was 0.11 g (98%). LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.43 min). MS (ESI) m/z 828.8 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000220_0003
[559] Compound 7. (R)-2-(3-(5-(4-(3-(l-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-ylamino)benzamido)chromcm-6-yloxy)pentyloxy)propoxy)acetic acid. To a solution of ester 6 (0.16 g, 0.19 mmol) in methanol (5 ml), solid NaOH (0.07 g, 1.7 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 48 hours. The solvent was stripped off and the residue was treated with a solution of KHSO4 (0.23 g, 1.7 mmol) in water (5 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred for an hour and the organic layer was separated; aqueous one was extracted with methylene chloride (5 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. Yield 0.11 g, (67%). LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.35 min). MS (ESI) m/z 814.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000221_0001
[560] Compound 8. tert-butyl 4-(3-((4R)-6-(5-(3-(2-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-4-ylamino)-
2-oxoethoxy)propoxy)pentyloxy)chroman-4-ylcarbamoyl)phenylamino)-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-
3 -yl)piperidine-l -carboxylate. To a solution of acid 7 (0.1 g, 0.13 mmol) in dried pyridine (2 ml), 3-(4-amino- l-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine -2, 6-dione (0.032 g, 0.12 mmol) was added, followed by TBTU (0.09 g, 0.253 mmol) and DIPEA (0.2 ml, 1.15 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature and evaporated dryness. The residue was partitioned between methylene chloride (5 ml) and water (5 ml). The organic layer was separated; aqueous one was extracted with methylene chloride (5 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. The product 8 was purified by HPLC chromatography. Yield 0.096 g (69%).
Figure imgf000221_0002
[561] Compound 9. N-( ( 4R )-6-( 5-( 3-( 2-(2-(2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolin-4-ylamino )-2- oxoethoxy)propoxy)pentyloxy)chroman-4-yl)-3-(4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin-4- ylamino)benzamide hydrochloride. To an ice cold solution of compound 8 (0.095 g, 0.09 mmol) in methylene chloride (10 ml), dioxanic HC1 solution (0.5 ml, 3M) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for overnight. The solvent and an excess of HC1 were evaporated and the product 9 was purified by HPLC chromatography. Yield 0.023 g (25%). LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.33 min). MS (ESI) m/z 955.8 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 10.99 (s, 1H), 9.74 (s, 1H), 9.19 - 9.10 (m, 1H), 9.04 - 8.97 (m, 1H), 8.93 - 8.87 (m, 2H), 8.60 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.34 (s, 2H), 7.73 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J= 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.17 - 7.11 (m, 2H), 7.04 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.75 - 6.67 (m, 2H), 6.60 (s, 1H), 6.49 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.21 - 5.07 (m, 2H), 4.37 (q, J= 17.2 Hz, 2H), 4.21 - 4.16 (m, 2H), 4.13 - 4.05 (m, 4H), 3.78 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.56 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.44 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.32 (t, J = 6.2 Hz, 2H), 3.28 - 3.20 (m, 3H), 2.97 - 2.82 (m, 2H), 2.67 - 2.61 (m, 2H), 2.41 - 2.33 (m, 3H), 2.04 - 1.90 (m, 3H), 1.84 - 1.73 (m, 2H), 1.66 - 1.54 (m, 2H), 1.50 - 1.44 (m, 2H), 1.39 - 1.31 (m, 2H).
General Procedures
Figure imgf000222_0001
[562] Compound 2. 5-(3-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethoxy)propoxy)pentyl methanesulphonate. To an ice cold solution of the corresponding alcohol (1.3 g, 5.5 mmol) in methylene chloride (10 ml), DIPEA (1.5 ml, 1.12 g, 8.7 mmol) was added, followed by mesyl chloride (0.6 ml, 0.88 g, 7.73 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 4 hours and quenched with water (10 ml). Organic phase was separated; aqueous was extracted with methylene chloride (10 ml). Combined organic phases were washed with water (10 ml) and dried over MgSO4- The solvent was stripped off and the product 2 was used further without additional purification. Yield 1.68 g (96%).
Figure imgf000222_0002
[563] Compound 4. (R)-methyl 2-(3-(5-(3-(l-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)ethyl)phenoxy)pentyloxy) propoxy) acetate. Compound 3 (5.18 mmol, 1 eq), compound 2 (5.37 mmol, 1.03 eq) and K2CO3 (1.79 g, 12.97 mmol, 2.5 eq) in dry acetonitrile (50 mL) were stirred for 12 h at reflux. The solvent was evaporated to dryness. The residue was partitioned between methylene chloride (10 ml) and water (10 ml). Organic layer was separated; aqueous one was extracted with methylene chloride (10 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography using a mixture of chloroform and methanol (100 to 1 v/v) as an eluent to afford the desired product 4. Yield 2.3 g (97%). LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.74 min). MS (ESI) m/z 454.3 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, CDCL) 57.23 (t, J= 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 6.78 (dd, J = 8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 4.90 - 4.70 (m, 2H), 4.10 (s, 2H), 3.96 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.63 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.53 (t, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.45 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 1.90 (p, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 1.86 - 1.75 (m, 2H), 1.71 - 1.59 (m, 2H), 1.59 - 1.48 (m, 2H), 1.47 - 1.40 (m, 12H).
Figure imgf000222_0003
[564] Compound 5. (R)-tert-butyl l-(3-(5-(3-(2-hydroxyethoxy)propoxy)pentyloxy)phenyl)ethyl carbamate. A mixture of LiBH4 (0.176 g, 8.0 mmol), compound 4 (2.3 g, 5.0 mmol), methanol (0.33 mL, 8.1 mmol), and ether (10 mL) was refluxed for 15 min. The reaction was quenched with aqueous citric acid (2 g in 10 ml water) with ice-cooling. The mixture was diluted with water and was extracted with dichloromethane. The extract was dried and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. Purification by silica gel (chloroform/methanol = 100:1 as developing solvent) afforded compound 5 (2.07 g, 95%). LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.64 min). MS (ESI) m/z 426.1 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) 57.24 (t, J= 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 6.78 (dd, J = 8.1, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 4.90 - 4.70 (m, 2H), 3.96 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.72 (dd, J = 14.5, 9.9 Hz, 2H), 3.60 (t, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.58 - 3.54 (m, 2H), 3.53 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.45 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.92 - 1.84 (m, 2H), 1.85 - 1.77 (m, 2H), 1.72 - 1.60 (m, 2H), 1.56 - 1.52 (m, 2H), 1.47 - 1.40 (m, 13H).
Figure imgf000223_0001
[565] Compound 6. (R)-tert-butyl l-(3-(5-(3-(2-oxoethoxy)propoxy)pentyloxy)phenyl)ethylcarbamate. A flask was charged with 10 mL of dichloromethane and (0.1 ml, 0.145 g, 0.11 mmol) of oxalyl chloride. The solution was stirred and cooled at -50 to -60°C as (0.12 ml, 0.132 g, 0.17 mmol) of dimethyl sulfoxide in 10 mL of dichloromethane was added dropwise at a rapid rate. After 5 min (0.3 g, 0.7 mmol) of compound 5 was added dropwise over 10 min maintaining the temperature at -50 to -60°C. After another 15 min, 0.5 mL of triethylamine (3.59 mmol) was added dropwise while keeping the temperature at or below -50°C. Stirring was continued for 5 min, after which time the mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and 20 mL of water was added. The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with two 10-ml portions of dichloromethane. The organic layers were combined and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The filtered solution was concentrated to afford 0.29 g (97%) of compound 6 that is used further without additional purification. 'H NMR (400 MHz, CDCk) 5 9.74 (s, 1H), 7.24 (t, J= 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 6.78
(dd, J = 8.1, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 4.90 - 4.70 (m, 2H), 4.08 (s, 2H), 3.96 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.65 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H),
3.54 (t, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.45 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H), 1.92 (p, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 1.86 - 1.75 (m, 2H), 1.70 - 1.59 (m,
2H), 1.59 - 1.50 (m, 2H), 1.47 - 1.40 (m, 12H).
Figure imgf000223_0002
[566] Compound 7. tert-butyl (lR)-l-(3-(5-(3-(2-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-4- ylamino) ethoxy) propoxy )pentyloxy)phenyl)ethylcarbamate. To a solution of lenalidomide (0.18 g, 0.69 mmol, 1.0 eq) and compound 6 (0.29 g, 0.68 mmol, 1.0 eq) in 50 mL of DCE was added acetic acid (0.24 mL, 4.18 mmol, 6.0 eq) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (0.6 g, 2.83 mmol, 4.0 eq). The suspended solution was stirred at room temperature for 12 h., saturated NaHCCL aqueous solution added and extracted with dichloromethane (3 by 10 ml). After extraction, the combined organic layer was dried over NazSCU Purification by silica gel (gradient ethyl acetate/tetrahydrofuran = 100:1 to 1:100 as a developing solvent) afforded compound 7 (0.31 g, 69%). LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.73 min). MS (ESI) m/z 667.3 [MH]+. 'H NMR (400 MHz, CDCh) 5 8.12 (s, 1H), 7.43 - 7.32 (m, 1H), 7.30 (d, J= 3.5 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (t, J= 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.92 - 6.73 (m, 4H), 5.24 (d, J = 12.7 Hz, 1H), 4.90 - 4.70 (m, 2H), 4.33 (d, J= 15.3 Hz, 1H), 4.15 (d, J = 14.7 Hz, 1H), 3.96 (dd, J= 11.9, 6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.75 - 3.65 (m, 2H), 3.65 - 3.34 (m, 8H), 3.28 (q, J= 7.0 Hz, 1H), 2.88 - 2.80 (m, 2H), 2.38 - 2.30 (m, 1H), 2.25 - 2.18 (m, 1H), 1.94 - 1.74 (m, 5H), 1.70 - 1.61 (m, 3H),
Figure imgf000224_0001
H-CI
[567] Compound 8. 3-(4-(2-(3-(5-(3-((R)-l-aminoethyl)phenoxy)pentyloxy)propoxy)ethylamino)-l- oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine-2, 6-dione hydrochloride. To an ice cold solution of compound 7 (0.31 g, 0.47 mmol) in methylene chloride (10 ml) a dioxanic 3M HC1 solution (1 ml) was added. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight and then evaporated dryness. The residue was taken up with dry ether (20 ml) and the solid was filtered, washed with ether (10 ml) and dried on air. Yield 0.28 g (99%) that was used further without purification. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.19 min). MS (ESI) m/z 567.8 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000224_0002
Figure imgf000224_0003
[568] Compound 10. N-( ( 1R )-!-( 3-( 5-( 3-( 2-( 2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-4-ylamino ) ethoxy )propoxy)pentyloxy)phenyl)ethyl)-3-((4-methyl-5-(pyrimidin-4-yl)-4H- 1,2, 4-triazol-3- yl)methylamino)benzamide. To an ice cold suspension of amine hydrochloride 8 (0.12 g, 0.20 mmol) in methylene chloride (5 ml), acid 9 (0.09 g, 0.21 mmol) was added, followed by hydroxyl benzotriazole hydrate (0.047 g, 0.30 mmol) and EDO (0.06 g, 0.31 mmol) and finally DIPEA (0.5 ml, 3.86 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. Then water (5 ml) was added and organic layer was separated. Aqueous layer was extracted with methylene chloride (5 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSCL and evaporated. The residue was treated with dioxanic HC1 (2 ml; 3M) and after evaporation purified by HPLC in neutral conditions (YMC-Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water- acetonitrile).Yield 0.069 g (37%). LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.54 min). MS (ESI) m/z 627.6 [MH]+. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 14.70 - 14.44 (m, 1H), 10.99 (s, 1H), 9.65 - 9.50 (m, 1H), 8.77 (s, 2H), 8.50 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 8.15 - 7.99 (m, 2H), 7.27 (t, J= 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (t, J= 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.11 - 7.04 (m, 2H), 6.94 (d, J= 7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.91 - 6.83 (m, 2H), 6.79 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.74 (d, J= 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.53 - 6.42 (m, 2H), 5.16 - 4.97 (m, 2H), 4.22 (d, J = 17.1 Hz, 1H), 4.12 (d, J = 17.1 Hz, 1H), 3.89 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.53 (t, J = 5.8 Hz, 2H), 3.47 - 3.41 (m, 3H), 3.38 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.33 - 3.29 (m, 5H), 2.90 (dd, J = 21.8, 9.1 Hz, 1H), 2.84 - 2.78 (m, 3H), 2.68 - 2.54 (m, 1H), 2.42 - 2.22 (m, 4H), 2.20 - 2.10 (m, 2H), 2.05 - 1.97 (m, 2H), 1.74 - 1.62 (m, 4H), 1.54 - 1.45 (m, 2H), 1.43 - 1.33 (m, 6H).
Figure imgf000225_0001
[569] Compound 7. tert-butyl (lR)-l-(3-(5-(3-(2-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-5- ylamino)ethoxy) propoxy )pentyloxy)phenyl)ethylcarbamate. To a solution of 5 -lenalidomide (0.18 g, 0.69 mmol, 1.0 eq) and compound 6 (0.29 g, 0.68 mmol, 1.0 eq) in 50 mL of DCE was added acetic acid (0.24 mL, 4.18 mmol, 6.0 eq) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (0.6 g, 2.83 mmol, 4.0 eq). The suspended solution was stirred at room temperature for 12 h., saturated NaHCO; aqueous solution added and extracted with dichloromethane (3 by 10 ml). After extraction, the combined organic layer was dried over NazSC Purification by silica gel (gradient ethyl acetate/tetrahydrofuran = 100:1 to 1:100 as a developing solvent) afforded compound 7 (0.24 g, 54%). LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.64 min). MS (ESI) m/z 667.5 [MH]+. 'H NMR (400 MHz, CDCh) 5 8.21 (s, 1H), 7.66 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (t, J= 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.87 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 6.77 (d, J= 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.67 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.59 (s, 1H), 5.55 (d, J = 4.2 Hz, 1H), 5.26 - 5.10 (m, 1H), 4.86 (s, 1H), 4.75 (s, 1H), 4.38 (dd, J= 15.6, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 4.22 (dd, J = 15.6, 5.5 Hz, 1H), 4.06 (td, J = 8.0, 5.3 Hz, 1H), 3.95 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (dd, J= 15.0, 6.9 Hz, 1H), 3.67 (t, J = 5.1 Hz, 1H), 3.58 (t, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.51 (dd, J= 13.4, 7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.44 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.34 (t, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.23 (q, J= 7.1 Hz, 1H), 2.96 - 2.72 (m, 3H), 2.38 - 2.23 (m, 1H), 2.23 - 2.11 (m, 1H), 2.00 - 1.83 (m, 3H), 1.83 - 1.73 (m, 2H), 1.69 - 1.58 (m, 2H), 1.57 - 1.47 (m, 2H), 1.43 (s, 9H).
Figure imgf000225_0002
[570] Compound 8. 3-(5-(2-(3-(5-(3-((R)-l-aminoethyl)phenoxy)pentyloxy)propoxy)ethylamino)-l- oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine-2, 6-dione hydrochloride. To an ice cold solution of compound 7 (0.24 g, 0.37 mmol) in methylene chloride (10 ml) a dioxanic 3M HC1 solution (1 ml) was added. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight and then evaporated dryness. The residue was taken up with dry ether (20 ml) and the solid was filtered, washed with ether (10 ml) and dried on air. Yield 0.22 g (99%) that was used further without purification. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.14 min). MS (ESI) m/z 567.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000226_0001
[571] Compound 10. N-((lR)-l-(3-(5-(3-(2-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-5- ylamino)ethoxy)propoxy)pentyloxy)phenyl)ethyl)-3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-ylamino)benzamide hydrochloride. To an ice cold suspension of amine hydrochloride 8 (0.15 g, 0.25 mmol) in pyridine (5 ml), acid 9 (0.12 g, 0.29 mmol) was added, followed by hydroxyl benzotriazole hydrate (0.062 g, 0.4 mmol) and EDO (0.077 g, 0.4 mmol) and finally DIPEA (0.5 ml, 3.86 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. Then water (5 ml) was added and organic layer was separated. Aqueous layer was extracted with methylene chloride (5 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSCU and evaporated. The residue was treated with 3M dioxanic HC1; evaporated in vacuo and the crude salt was purified by HPLC in neutral conditions (YMC-Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-acetonitrile).Yield 0.052 g (21%). LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.51 min). MS (ESI) m/z 927.6 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 10.91 (s, 1H), 9.61 - 6.47 (m, 1H), 8.77 - 8.75 (m, 2H), 8.50 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 8.15 - 7.95 (m, 2H), 7.38 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.11 - 7.04 (m, 2H), 6.89 - 6.86 (m, 2H), 6.74 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.70 - 6.66 (m, 2H), 6.53 - 6.42 (m, 2H), 5.12 - 4.95 (m, 2H), 4.25 (d, J= 16.8 Hz, 2H), 4.13 (d, J= 16.7 Hz, 2H), 3.96 - 3.86 (m, 6H), 3.52 (t, J = 5.5 Hz, 2H), 3.45 (t, J= 5.5 Hz, 2H), 3.39 (t, J= 5.5 Hz, 2H), 3.33 (t, J= 5.5 Hz, 2H), 3.25 (t, J= 5.5 Hz, 2H), 2.93 - 2.79 (m, 5H), 2.69 - 2.58 (m, 2H), 2.43 - 2.26 (m, 2H), 2.17 - 2.08 (m, 1H), 1.96 - 1.87 (m, 1H), 1.75 - 1.62 (m, 4H), 1.57 - 1.47 (m, 2H), 1.43 - 1.36 (m, 5H).
Figure imgf000226_0002
[572] Compound 6. ((R)-2-(3-((5-(3-(l-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)ethyl) phenoxy )pentyl)oxy)propoxy)ethyl methanesulfonate. A solution of compound 5 (300 mg, 0.705 mmol) in CH2Q2 was mixed with 0.18 mL of DIPEA (1.058 mmol) and cooled to 0°C. 57 mg (0.846 mmol) of MsCl was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, washed with water, dried over Na2SC>4 and evaporated. The product was used without purification. Yield 323 mg (91%)
Figure imgf000227_0001
[573] Compound 7. tert-butyl ((]R)-l-(3-((5-(3-(2-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-5- yl)oxy)ethoxy)propoxy)pentyl)oxy)phenyl)ethyl)carbamate. Compound 6 (0.635 mmol, 1 eq), compound 5- OH-LNDM (0.635 mmol, 1 eq) and K2CO3 (88mg, 1 eq) in dry acetonitrile (50 mL) and DMF (10ml) were stirred for 36 h at reflux. The precipitate was filtered off, washed with acetonitrile. The solvent was evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography using ethylacetate as an eluent to afford the desired product 7. Yield 17%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 7.23 min). MS (ESI) m/z 669.2 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 10.95 (s, 1H), 7.62 (d, J= 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.46 - 7.14 (m, 3H),
7.05 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.92 - 6.79 (m, J= 8.5 Hz, 3H), 6.74 (d, J= 7.9 Hz, 1H),5.19 - 5.04 (m, 1H), 4.66 -
4.49 (m, 1H), 4.41 - 4.32 (m, J= 17.3 Hz, 2H), 3.91 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.75 - 3.67 (m, 2H), 3.50 (t, J= 6.4
Hz, 2H), 3.44 - 3.36 (m, 6H), 3.00 - 2.82 (m, 1H), 2.70 - 2.52 (m, 1H), 2.47 - 2.28 (m, 1H), 2.07 - 1.92 (m,
1H), 1.78 - 1.61 (m, 4H), 1.57 - 1.46 (m, 2H), 1.46 - 1.30 (m, 11H), 1.27 (d, 7= 7.0 Hz, 3H).
Figure imgf000227_0002
[574] Compound 8. 3-(5-(2-(3-((5-(3-((R)-l-aminoethyl)phenoxy)pentyl)oxy)propoxy)ethoxy)-l- oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine-2, 6-dione hydrochloride. To an ice cold solution of compound 7 (0.31 g, 0.47 mmol) in methylene chloride (10 ml) a dioxanic 3M HC1 solution (1 ml) was added. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight and then evaporated dryness. The residue was taken up with dry ether (20 ml) and the solid was filtered, washed with ether (10 ml) and dried on air. Yield of 8 was 0.28 g (99%) that was used further without purification. (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.55 min). MS (ESI) m/z 568.3 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000227_0003
[575] Compound 10. N-( ( 1R)- 1-(3-((5-(3-(2-((2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l-oxoisoindolin-5- yl)oxy)ethoxy)propoxy)pentyl)oxy)phenyl)ethyl)-3-((l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-yl)amino)benzamide hydrochloride. Compound 8 (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), compound 9 (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), TBTU (0.2 mmol, 2 eq) and DIPEA (0.4 mmol, 4 eq) in dry pyridine (3 ml) were stirred for 12 h at r.t. The mixture was evaporated to dryness. The residue was treated with 3M solution of HC1 in dioxane, and the mixture was evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by HPLC in neutral conditions (YMC-Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-acetonitrile).Yield 55%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.52 min). MS (ESI) m/z 928.7 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-t 6) 5 14.49 (bs, 1H), 10.96 (s, 1H), 9.54 (bs, 1H), 8.75 (m, 2H), 8.50 (m, 1H), 8.01 (bs, 2H), 7.61 (d, J= 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (m, 3H), 7.05 (m, 3H), 6.88 (m, 2H), 6.74 (dd, J = 8.0, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.46 (bs, 2H), 5.06 (m, 2H), 4.31 (m, 2H), 4.17 (dd, J= 5.7, 3.3 Hz, 2H), 3.90 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.70 (m, 2H), 3.50 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.43 (m, 2H), 3.39 (t, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.33 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.26 (m, 2H), 2.84 (m, 5H), 2.64 (m, 1H), 2.36 (m, 3H), 2.15 (m, 1H), 1.97 (m, 1H), 1.70 (m,
Figure imgf000228_0001
4H), 1.52 (m, 2H), 1.40 (m, 5H).
[576] Compound 6. (R)-N-(l -(3-(5-(3-(2-hydroxyethoxy)propoxy)pentyloxy)phenyl)ethyl)-2- nitrobenzenesulfonamide. To an ice cold solution of compound 5 (0.49 g, 1.15 mmol) in methylene chloride (10 ml) a dioxanic 3M HC1 solution (2.5 ml) was added. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight and then evaporated dryness. The residue was taken up with dry ether (20 ml) and the solid was filtered, washed with ether (10 ml) and dried on air. Crude hydrochloride was suspended in DCM (50 ml), cooled in an ice bath and 2 -nitrobenzene- 1 -sulfonyl chloride (0.24 g, 1.08 mmol) was added, followed by DIPEA (1.3 ml, 0.97 g, 7.5 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight and then quenched with water (50 ml). The organic phase was separated; aqueous phase was extracted with DCM (10 ml). Combined organic phases were dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. Yield 0.6 g (99%). LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.57 min). MS (ESI) m/z 511.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000228_0002
[577] Compound 7. (R)-N-(l -(3-(5-(3-(2-iodoethoxy)propoxy)pentyloxy)phenyl)ethyl)-2- nitrobenzenesulfonamide. To a solution of compound 6 (0.16 g, 0.31 mmol) in DCM (25 ml), triphenylphosphine (0.12 g, 0.45 mmol), imidazole (0.04 g, 0.48 mmol) were added and finally iodine (0.12 g, 0.47 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight and then quenched with water (20 ml). The organic phase was separated; aqueous phase was extracted with DCM (10 ml). Combined organic phases were dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. The product contains equimolar amount of triphenylphosphine oxide and compound 7 used further in the next step. Yield 0.32 g. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 2.01 min). MS (ESI) m/z 621.3 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000229_0001
[578] Compound 8. tert-butyl (S)-l-((S)-l-cyclohexyl-2-((S)-2-(5-(3-(2-(3-(5-(3-((R)-l-(2- nitrophenylsulfonamido )ethyl )phenoxy )pentyloxy )propoxy )ethoxy )benzoyl )thiazol-2-yl )pyrrolidin-l-yl )-2- oxoethylamino)-l-oxopropan-2-yl(methyl)carbamate. To a solution of crude compound 7 from the previous step (over 0.3 mmol) in DMF (5 ml), Boc-IAP (0.18 g, 0.3 mmol) was added, followed by K2CO3 (0.09 g, 0.65 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight and then quenched with water (20 ml). The product was extracted with EtOAc (3 times by 10 ml). Combined organic phases were washed with water (10 ml), dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. The product 8 was purified by chromatography. Yield 0.1 g (29%). LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 2.48 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1091.8 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000229_0002
[579] Compound 9. tert-butyl (S)-l-((S)-2-((S)-2-(5-(3-(2-(3-(5-(3-((R)-l- aminoethyl )phenoxy )pentyloxy )propoxy )ethoxy )benzoyl )thiazol-2-yl )pyrrolidin-l-yl )-l-cyclohexyl-2- oxoethylamino)-l-oxopropan-2-yl(methyl)carbamate. A solution of compound 8 (0.1g, 0.09 mmol) in MeCN K2CO3 (0.08 g, 0.6 mmol) was added and the reaction was flashed with argon. PhSH (0.06 ml, 0.06 g, 0.58 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred at ambient temperature overnight and then quenched with water (20 ml). The product was extracted with EtOAc (3 times by 10 ml). Combined organic phases were washed with water (10 ml), dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. The product 9 was used further in the next step. Yield 0.08 g (98%). LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.64 min). MS (ESI) m/z 906.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000229_0003
[580] Compound 11. tert-butyl (S)-l-((S)-l-cyclohexyl-2-((S)-2-(5-(3-(2-(3-(5-(3-((R)-l-(3-(l-methyl-4-(5- (pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4-ylamino )benzamido )ethyl )phenoxy) pentyloxy )propoxy)ethoxy)benzoyl)thiazol-2-yl)pyrrolidin-l-yl)-2-oxoethylamino)-l-oxopropan-2- yl(methyl)carbamate. To an ice cold suspension of amine 9 (0.08 g, 0.09 mmol) in pyridine (5 ml), acid 10 (0.04 g, 0.1 mmol) was added, followed by hydroxyl benzotriazole hydrate (0.02 g, 0.13 mmol) and EDO (0.026 g, 0.13 mmol) and finally DIPEA (0.2 ml, 1.15 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. Then water (5 ml) was added and organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with methylene chloride (5 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSC>4 and evaporated. The residue was purified by HPLC in neutral conditions (YMC-Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-acetonitrile). Yield 0.068 g (60%). LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.46 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1267.3 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000230_0001
[581] Compound 12. N-((R)-l-(3-(5-(3-(2-(3-(2-((S)-l-((S)-2-cyclohexyl-2-((S)-2-
( methylamino )propanamido ) acetyl )pyrrolidin-2-yl )thiazole-5- carbonyl)phenoxy)ethoxy)propoxy)pentyloxy)phenyl)ethyl)-3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol- 3-yl)piperidin-4-ylamino)benzamide dihydrochloride. A solution of compound 11 (0.068 g, 0.05 mmol) in a mixture isopropanol-DCM (10%, 5 ml) was treated with 3M dioxanic HC1 (0.2 ml). The reaction was evaporated in vacuo and the crude salt 12 was purified by HPLC in neutral conditions (YMC-Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-acetonitrile).Yield 0.027 g (40%). LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.97 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1166.8 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-t/6) 5 9.56 (bs, 1H), 8.74 (m, 4H), 8.49 (m, 2H), 7.99 (bs, 2H), 7.67 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (d, J= 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (t, J= 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (dd, J = 8.4, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (m, 4H), 6.88 (m, 2H), 6.73 (dd, J= 8.2, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.46 (bs, 2H), 5.39 (dd, J= 7.5, 3.5 Hz, 1H), 5.04 (m, 1H), 4.48 (t, J= 7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.15 (t, J = 4.5 Hz, 2H), 3.90 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.80 (m, 4H), 3.71 (m, 4H), 3.51 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.39 (m, 4H), 3.33 (t, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.27 (m, 2H), 2.83 (m, 5H), 2.35 (m, 2H), 2.23 (m, 2H), 2.05 (m, 2H), 1.70 (m, 8H), 1.52 (m, 4H), 1.38 (m, 5H), 1.33 (d, J= 6.9 Hz, 3H), 1.11 (m, 5H).
Synthetic Example S6
General Procedures
Figure imgf000230_0002
[582] Compound 2. tert-butyl 3-(2-(2-((6-chlorohexyl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)propanoate. To a solution of the corresponding alcohol (5.6g, 24.9mmol) and t-butylacrylate (4.8g, 37.4mmol) in anhydrous THF(50ml) catalytic amount of NaH was added then the reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 16h. The reaction mixture was evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography, eluting with hexane -ether 5:1 to 3:1 to give product as colorless oil. Yield 6.4 g, 74%. 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 5 3.60 (dt, J= 12.8, 6.4 Hz, 4H), 3.54 - 3.41 (m, 8H), 3.36 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.40 (t, J= 6.2 Hz, 2H), 1.77 - 1.64 (m, 2H), 1.57 - 1.43 (m, 2H), 1.43 - 1.35 (m, 11H), 1.35 - 1.25 (m, 2H).
Figure imgf000231_0001
Figure imgf000231_0004
[583] Compound 4. tert-butyl 3-(2-(2-((6-(3-(((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)methyl) phenoxy)hexyl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)propanoate. Compound 2 (0.95g, 2.7mmol), compound 3 (0.6g, 2.7mmol, leq), K2CO3 (0.74g, 5.4mmol, 2eq) and KI (89mg, 0.54mmol, 0.2eq) in dry acetonitrile (30ml) were stirred for 72 h at reflux. The reaction mixture was evaporated, the residue was suspended in methylene chloride, washed with water and purified by column chromatography using hexane -EtOAc-Et3N 66:33:5 to give product as colorless oil. Yield 1.3 g, 90%. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 57.33 (s, J = 5.1 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (t, J= 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.85 - 6.69 (m, 3H), 4.06 (d, J = 9.9 Hz, 2H), 3.92 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.62 - 3.53 (m, 2H), 3.53 - 3.42 (m, 8H), 3.37 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.40 (t, J= 6.2 Hz, 2H), 1.75 - 1.64 (m, 2H), 1.57 - 1.46 (m, 2H), 1.46 - 1.27 (m, 22H).
Figure imgf000231_0002
[584] Compound 5. 3-(2-(2-((6-(3-(aminomethyl)phenoxy)hexyl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)propanoic acid hydrochloride. A solution of compound 4 (1.3g, 2.4 mmol) in dry DCM (20ml) with 4.0 ml 3 M HC1 in dioxane (5 eq) were stirred for 24 h at rt. The mixture was evaporated to dryness to give the crude product 5 which was used in the next step without additional purification.
Figure imgf000231_0003
[585] Compound 6. methyl 3-(2-(2-((6-(3-(aminomethyl)phenoxy)hexyl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)propanoate hydrochloride. To a solution of compound 5 (1.0g, 2.4 mmol) in dry MeOH (30ml) was added dropwise SOCI2 (0.36ml, 4.8mmol, 2eq). The mixture was stirred for 12 h at r.t. and then evaporated to dryness to give the crude product 5 which no need additional purification. Yield 1.0g, 100%. 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 5 8.37 (s, 3H), 7.30 (t, J= 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (s, 1H), 7.01 (d, J= 7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 1H), 4.04 - 3.88 (m, 4H), 3.66 - 3.55 (m, 5H), 3.53 - 3.42 (m, 8H), 3.41 - 3.35 (m, 2H), 2.53 (d, J= 10.3 Hz, 2H), 1.78 - 1.65 (m, 2H), 1.57 - 1.46 (m, 2H), 1.46 - 1.28 (m, 4H).
Figure imgf000232_0001
[586] Compound 8. tert-butyl 4-((3-((3-((3-oxo-2, 6,9, 12-tetraoxaoctadecan- 18- yl )oxy)benzyl )carbamoyl )phenyl )amino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate. A mixture of compound 6 (350mg, 0.81mmol), compound 7 (375mg, 0.81mmol, leq) and TBTU (310mg, 0.97mmol, 1.2eq) in pyridine (15ml) were stirred at rt for 24h. The mixture was evaporated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in methylene chloride, washed with water then and used on the next step without purification. Yield 670mg, 100%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.57 min). MS (ESI) m/z 845.0 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000232_0002
[587] Compound 9. 3-(2-(2-((6-( 3-( (3-((I-( tert-butoxycarbonyl )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3- yl )piperidin-4-yl )amino )benzamido )methyl )phenoxy )hexyl )oxy )ethoxy )ethoxy )propanoic acid
To a solution of compound 8 (130mg, 0.79 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL) was added a solution KOH (133mg, 2.37mmol, 3eq) in 3 ml H2O. The mixture was stirred for 16 h at r.t. and then MeOH evaporated. To the residue was added 15 ml of H2O and the mixture was acidified to pH = 5 with IN aq. HC1 and aqueous phase was extracted with 4*15 ml of DCM. Combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, and evaporated. The product was used in the next step without additional purification. Yield 600mg, 91%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.37 min). MS (ESI) m/z 831.0 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000232_0003
Figure imgf000232_0004
[588] Compound 11. tert-butyl 4-((3-((3-(((S)-3-((2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-2-((4-(4-methylthiazol-5- yl )benzyl )carbamoyl )pyrrolidine- 1-carbonyl )-2, 2-dimethyl-5-oxo-8, 11 , 14-trioxa-4-azaicosan-20- yl )oxy)benzyl )carbamoyl )phenyl )amino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate. A mixture of compound 9 (300mg, 0.36mmol), compound 10 (155mg, 0.36mmol, leq) and TBTU (174mg, 0.54mmol, 1.5eq) in pyridine (15ml) were stirred at rt for 24h. The mixture was evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by HPLC to give product as a white powder. Yield 129mg, 29%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 6.34 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1243.3 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000233_0001
[589] Compound 12. ( 2S,4R )-l-((S )-2-( tert-butyl )-4-oxo-19-( 3-(( 3-( (4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H- 1 ,2,4-triazol-3- yl )piperidin-4-yl )amino )benzamido )methyl )phenoxy )-7,10, 13-trioxa-3-azanonadecan-l-oyl )-4-hydroxy-N-(4- (4-methylthiazol-5-yl)benzyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide hydrochloride. A solution of compound 11 (129mg, 0.10 mmol) in dry DCM (5ml) with 0.2 ml 3 M HC1 in dioxane (6 eq) were stirred for 24 h at rt. The mixture was evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by HPLC to give product as trifluoroacetic salt. This salt was dissolved in a mixture of methylene chloride - i-propyl alcohol 5.5:1 (5ml), acidified with 0.2 ml 3 M HC1. The formed precipitate was filtered off and washed with ether to give product as a white powder. Yield 9mg, 7%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.84 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1142.9 [MH]+. 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 5 8.97 (s, 1H), 8.86 - 8.63 (m, 5H), 8.57 (t, J= 5.2 Hz, 1H), 7.98 - 7.83 (m, 3H), 7.40 (q, J= 8.0 Hz, 4H), 7.22 - 6.97 (m, 4H), 6.85 - 6.70 (m, 3H), 6.60 - 6.37 (m, 2H), 5.13 (s, 1H), 4.55 (d, J= 9.4 Hz, 1H), 4.48 - 4.38 (m, 2H), 4.38 - 4.31 (m, 3H), 4.27 - 4.17 (m, 1H), 3.89 (t, J= 6.2 Hz, 2H), 3.72 - 3.54 (m, 4H), 3.52 - 3.40 (m, 9H), 3.35 (t, J= 6.2 Hz, 5H), 3.28 - 3.18 (m, 4H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 2.40 - 2.29 (m, 3H), 2.10 - 1.96 (m, 1H), 1.96 - 1.84 (m, 1H), 1.75 - 1.61 (m, 2H), 1.56 - 1.43 (m, 2H), 1.44 - 1.26 (m, 4H), 0.93 (s, 9H).
Figure imgf000233_0002
Figure imgf000233_0003
[590] Compound 11. tert-butyl 4-((3-((3-((6-(2-(2-(3-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-4- yl )amino )-3-oxopropoxy )ethoxy )ethoxy )hexyl )oxy )benzyl )carbamoyl )phenyl )amino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H- l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate. A mixture of compound 9 (300mg, 0.36mmol), compound 10 (94mg, 0.36mmol, leq) and TBTU (174mg, 0.54mmol, 1.5eq) in pyridine (15ml) were stirred at rt for 24h. The mixture was evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by HPLC to give product as a white powder. Yield 85mg, 22%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1%
TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 5.98 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1072.1 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000234_0001
[591] Compound 12. N-( 3-(( 6-( 2-(2-( 3-( (2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolin-4-yl )amino )-3- oxopropoxy )ethoxy )ethoxy)hexyl )oxy)benzyl )-3-( (4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H- 1 ,2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4- yl)amino)benzamide hydrochloride. A solution of compound 11 (85mg, 0.08 mmol) in dry DCM (5ml) with 0.2 ml 3 M HC1 in dioxane (6 eq) were stirred for 24 h at rt. The mixture was evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by HPLC to give product as trifluoroacetic salt. This salt was dissolved in a mixture of methylene chloride - i-propyl alcohol 5.5:1 (5ml), acidified with 0.2 ml 3 M HC1. The formed precipitate was filtered off and washed with ether to give product as a white powder. Yield 17mg, 22%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.47 min). MS (ESI) m/z 971.8 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 5 11.02 (s, 1H), 9.86 (s, 1H), 8.76 (d, J= 4.9 Hz, 3H), 8.21 - 7.90 (m, 2H), 7.82 (d, J= 6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.55 - 7.43 (m, 2H), 7.23 - 6.99 (m, 3H), 6.84 - 6.71 (m, 3H), 6.64 - 6.33 (m, 2H), 5.14 (dd, J= 13.5, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 4.46 - 4.25 (m, 4H), 3.89 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.71 (t, J= 6.2 Hz, 2H), 3.54 - 3.49 (m, 6H), 3.50 - 3.44 (m, 4H), 3.44 - 3.37 (m, 2H), 3.32 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H), 3.30 - 3.18 (m, 2H), 3.12 - 3.03 (m, 1H), 2.98 - 2.86 (m, 1H), 2.65 - 2.56 (m, 2H), 2.42 - 2.26 (m, 2H), 2.09 - 1.96 (m, 1H), 1.72 - 1.59 (m, 2H), 1.55 - 1.40 (m, 2H), 1.40 - 1.12 (m, 8H), 0.92 - 0.70 (m, 1H).
Synthetic Example S7
General Scheme
Figure imgf000235_0001
General procedures
[592] Compound 3. A mixture of compounds 1 (30 g, 283 mmol, 4 eq), 2 (8.94 g, 79.7 mmol, 0.25 eq.), TBAB (0.2 g) and 50% aqua solution of NaOH (11.3 g, 283 mmol, 1 eq) was stirred at 100°C for 12 h, then the reaction mass was poured in water (200 ml), the product was extracted with Et20 (3x50 ml), the organic layers were dried over NazSCU, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel, using hexane/EtOAc 1:1 as eluent, to provide the product 3. Yield: 11.5 g (83%). ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 7.43 - 7.21 (m, 5H), 4.62 - 4.54 (m, 1H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 3.61 - 3.53 (m, 4H), 3.53 - 3.47 (m, 2H), 3.47 - 3.41 (m, 2H), 3.38 (dd, J= 13.4, 6.4 Hz, 1H), 1.09 (t, J= 7.0 Hz, 1H).
[593] Compound 5. Oxalyl chloride (9.8 g, 76.9 mmol, 1.5 eq.) was added dropwize to a solution of compound 4 (10 g, 51.3 mmol, 1 eq) in CH2CI2 (100 ml) at 10°C, 2 drops of DMF was added too, the reaction mass was stireed at r.t. for 2 h. Then the solvent and excess of oxalyl chloride were removed under reduced pressure, the residue was dissolved in CH2Q2 (100 ml), the mixture was cooled to 10°C, and t-butanol (40 ml) was added to this mixture. The reaction mass was stirred at r.t. for 12 h. Then the mixture was washed with sat. solution of K2CO3, the organic layer was dried over Na2SC>4, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to provide the product 5. Yield: 12.4 g (96%). 'H NMR (400 MHz, CDCh) 5 3.41 (t, J= 6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.23 (t, 7= 7.4 Hz, 2H), 1.94 - 1.80 (m, 2H), 1.70 - 1.56 (m, 2H), 1.53 - 1.39 (m, 11H).
[594] Compound 6. 35% aqua solution of NaOH (44.5 g, 1.11 mole, 45 eq.) was added to a solution of compound 3 (4.84 g, 24.7 mmol, 1 eq.) and TBAB (2.4 g, 7.41 mmol, 0.3 eq.) in toluene (50 ml). The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 30 min., then compound 5 (12.4 g, 49.0 mmol, 2 eq.) was added, and the reaction mass was stirred at r.t. for 12 h. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (100 ml), washed with water (3x50 ml), the organic layers were dried over NazSCH, the solvents were removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel, using hcxanc/EtzO 5:1 as eluent, to provide the product 6. Yield: 3.74 g (41%). ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 57.38 - 7.24 (m, 5H), 3.56 (s, 2H), 3.49 (ddd, J = 8.8, 6.0, 3.6 Hz, 4H), 3.36 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.15 (t, J= 7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.55 - 1.41 (m, 4H), 1.38 (s, 9H), 1.32 - 1.21 (m, 2H).
[595] Compound 7. H2 gas was passed through a mixture of compound 6 (3.7 g, 10.1 mmol) and 10% Pd/C (0.9 g) in EtOH (50 ml) at r.t. for 12 h. The powder of Pd/C was filtered, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to provide the product 7. Yield: 2.8 g (100%). 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de) 54.56 (t, J = 5.5 Hz, 1H), 3.53 - 3.44 (m, 6H), 3.44 - 3.38 (m, 2H), 3.38 - 3.35 (m, 2H), 2.16 (t, J= 7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.53 - 1.43 (m, 4H), 1.39 (s, 9H), 1.33 - 1.22 (m, 2H).
[596] Compound 9. A mixture of compounds 8 (74.6 g, 632.4 mmol, 4 eq), 2 (20.0 g, 158.1 mmol, 1 eq.), TBAB (0.2 g) and 50% aqua solution of NaOH (25.3 g, 632.4 mmol, 1 eq) was stirred at 100°C for 12 h, then the reaction mass was poured in water (400 ml), the product was extracted with Et2O (3x100 ml), the organic layers were dried over NazSCU, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel, using hexane/EtOAc 2:1 as eluent, to provide the product 9. Yield: 25.0 g (76%). ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 7.40 - 7.17 (m, 5H), 4.44 (s, 2H), 4.33 (t, J= 5.1 Hz, 1H), 3.44 - 3.35 (m, 4H), 1.57 - 1.48 (m, 2H), 1.45 - 1.37 (m, 2H), 1.36 - 1.22 (m, 4H).
[597] Compound 10. PPh ; (42.8 g, 163.4 mmol, 1.7 eq.) and CBr4 (47.9 g, 144.3 mmol, 1.5 eq.) were added to a solution of compound 9 (20 g, 96.1 mmol, 1 eq.) in CH2Q2 (1000 ml) at 0°C, the reaction mass was stirred at r.t. for 12 h. Then Et20 (1000 ml) was added, the formed precipitate was filtered, the solvents were removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel, using hexane/EtOAc 20:1 as eluent, to provide the product 10. Yield: 23.8 g (91%). 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de) 5 7.43 - 7.19 (m, 5H), 4.44 (s, 2H), 3.51 (t, J= 6.7 Hz, 2H), 3.41 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 1.89 - 1.71 (m, 2H), 1.62
- 1.47 (m, 2H), 1.45 - 1.27 (m, 4H).
[598] Compound 11. 35% aqua solution of NaOH (11.7 g, 292.5 mole, 45 eq.) was added to a solution of compound 7 (1.8 g, 6.51 mmol, 1 eq.) and TBAB (0.629 g, 1.95 mmol, 0.3 eq.) in toluene (20 ml). The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 30 min., then compound 10 (2.708 g, 13.02 mmol, 2 eq.) was added, and the reaction mass was stirred at r.t. for 12 h. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (50 ml), washed with water (3x20 ml), the organic layers were dried over Na2SC>4, the solvents were removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel, using hexane/Et2O 3:1, 2:1 as eluents, to provide the product 11. Yield: 1.1 g (36%). 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de) 5 7.39 - 7.23 (m, 5H), 4.43 (s, 2H), 3.47 (dq, J = 5.9, 3.5 Hz, 8H), 3.41 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.38 - 3.33 (m, 2H), 2.16 (t, J= 7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.57
- 1.42 (m, 8H), 1.38 (s, 9H), 1.34 - 1.21 (m, 6H).
[599] Compound 12. H2 gas was passed through a mixture of compound 11 (1.1 g, 2.36 mmol) and 10% Pd/C (0.3 g) in EtOH (20 ml) at r.t. for 12 h. The powder of Pd/C was filtered, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to provide the product 12. Yield: 0.89 g (100%). 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de) 5 4.30 (t, J = 5.1 Hz, 1H), 3.55 - 3.42 (m, 8H), 3.36 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 6H), 2.17 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.53 - 1.43 (m, 6H), 1.42
- 1.36 (m, 11H), 1.33 - 1.22 (m, 6H). General Scheme
Figure imgf000237_0001
General procedures
[600] Compound 13. Solution of compound 12 (1.29 mmol, 1 eq) in CH2CI2 was mixed with DIPEA (1.94 mmol, 1.5 eq) and cooled to 0°C. 1.55 mmol (1.2 eq) of MsCl was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, washed with water, dried over Na2SC>4 and evaporated. The product was used without purification.
[601] Compound 14. A mixture of compound A (2.5 mmol, 1 eq), compound 13 (2.75 mmol, 1.1 eq), K2CO3 (5.0 mmol, 2 eq) and anh. acetonitrile (50 mL) was stirred and heated under reflux for 12 h, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography using ethyl acetate and hexane (2:1) as an eluent to afford the desired product 14. [602] Compound 15. A solution of compound 14 (1.2 mmol, 1 eq) in dry DCM (50 mL) with 1.2 ml 3 M HC1 in dioxane (5 eq) were stirred for 24 h at r.t. The mixture was evaporated to dryness to give the crude product 15 which was used in the next step without additional purification.
[603] Compound 16. SOCk (0.16ml, 2.3 mmol, 2 eq) was added dropwise to a stirred solution of compound 15 (1.15 mmol, 1 eq) in dry MeOH (20 mL). The mixture was stirred for 12 h at r.t. and then evaporated to dryness to give the crude product 16 that was used for the next step without additional purification.
[604] Compound 17. A mixture of compound 16 (0.75 mmol, 1 eq), compound B (0.75 mmol, 1 eq), HOBt (0.9 mmol, 1.2 eq), EDO (0.9 mmol, 1.2 eq), DIPEA (3.0 mmol, 4 eq) and anh DCM (30 mL) was stirred for 12 h at ambient temperature, washed with water (3*10 ml), brine (2 x 10 mL), dried over NazSCL, and concentrated under reduced pressure at ambient temperature. The residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography using chloroform and methanol as an eluent to afford the desired product 17.
[605] Compound 18. To a solution of compound 17 (0.73 mmol, 1 eq) in MeOH (20 mL) was added a solution KOH (2.2 mmol, 3 eq) in 3 mL H2O. The mixture was stirred for 12-36 h at ambient temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was treated with H2O (15 mL), and the mixture was acidified to pH 5 with IN aq. HC1 and extracted with of DCM (4*15 mL). Combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated. The product was used for the next step without additional purification.
[606] Compound 19. A mixture of compound 18 (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), compound C (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), TBTU (0.2 mmol, 2 eq), DIPEA (0.4 mmol, 4 eq), and anh. pyridine (3 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 12 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by HPLC in neutral conditions (YMC- Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-acetonitrile).
[607] N-(4-( 6-(2-(2-( 6-( 2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolin-4-ylamino )-6- oxohexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexyloxy)benzyl)-3-(4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin-4- ylamino )benzamide hydrochloride. Solution of compound 19 in CH2Q2 was treated with 3M HC1 in dioxane and stirred for 3 hours and then evaporated to dryness to give target compound.
Figure imgf000238_0001
[608] Compound 13. tert-butyl 3, 10,13, 16-tetraoxa-2-thiadocosan-22-oate 2, 2-dioxide. Yield 97%.
Figure imgf000238_0002
[609] Compound 14. tert-butyl 6-(2-(2-(6-(4-((tert-butoxycarbonylamino)methyl)phenoxy) hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexanoate. Yield 86%. Colorless oil 98%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 2.37 min). MS (ESI) m/z 582.5 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, CDCh) 57.18 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.86 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 4.78 (br, 1H), 4.24 (br, 2H), 3.94 (t, J= 5.1 Hz, 2H), 3.66-3.64 (m, 4H), 3.61-3.57 (m, 4H), 3.49-3.44 (m, 4H), 2.21 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.82-1.75 (m, 2H), 1.66-1.57 (m, 6H), 1.50-1.37 (m, 24H)
Figure imgf000239_0001
[610] Compound 15. 6-(2-(2-(6-(4-(aminomethyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexanoic acid hydrochloride. Yield 99%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.15 min). MS (ESI) m/z 426 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000239_0002
[611] Compound 16. methyl 6-(2-(2-(6-(4-(aminomethyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexanoate hydrochloride. Yield 98%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.25 min). MS (ESI) m/z 440.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000239_0003
[612] Compound 17. tert-butyl 4-(3-(4-(3-oxo-2, 9,12, 15-tetraoxahenicosan-21 - yloxy )benzylcarbamoyl )phenylamino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H- 1 ,2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidine- 1-carboxylate.
Yield 77%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient
5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.60 min). MS (ESI) m/z 887.0 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000239_0004
[613] Compound 18. 6-(2-(2-(6-(4-((3-(l-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-ylamino)benzamido)methyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexanoic acid. Yield 46%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.45 min). MS (ESI) m/z 872.8 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000240_0001
[614] Compound 19. tert-butyl 4-(3-(4-(6-(2-(2-(6-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-4-ylamino)-6- oxohexyloxy )ethoxy )ethoxy)hexyloxy)benzylcarbamoyl )phenylamino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 5.60 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1113.7 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000240_0002
[615] N-(4-( 6-(2-(2-( 6-( 2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolin-4-ylamino )-6- oxohexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexyloxy)benzyl)-3-(4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin-4- y lamina )benzamide hydrochloride. LCMS (Cl 8 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.44 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1013.9 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 11.01 (s, 1H), 9.80 (s, 1H), 9.13 (br, 1H), 8.98-8.88 (m, 3H), 8.73 (t, J= 4.4 Hz, 1H), 8.30 (br, 2H), 7.82 (d, J= 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.51 - 7.45 (m, 2H), 7.15- 7.05 (m, 6H), 6.82 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 6.57-6.49(m, 2H), 5.14 (dd, J= 13.4, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 4.42-4.29 (m, 4H), 3.89 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.49 - 3.44 (m, 11H), 3.39-3.34 (m, 4H), 3.24(br, 3H), 2.96 - 2.87 (m, 1H), 2.67 - 2.54 (m, 3H), 2.41-2.30 (m, 3H), 2.05-1.99(m, 1H), 1.70 - 1.57 (m, 4H), 1.55 - 1.45 (m, 4H), 1.42-1.28 (m, 6H).
General Scheme
Figure imgf000241_0001
General procedures
[616] Compound 17. A mixture of compound 16 (0.75 mmol, 1 eq), compound B (0.75 mmol, 1 eq), HOBt (0.9 mmol, 1.2 eq), EDO (0.9 mmol, 1.2 eq), DIPEA (3.0 mmol, 4 eq), and anh DCM (30 mL) was stirred for 12 h at ambient temperature, washed with water (3*10 ml), brine (2 x 10 mL), dried over NazSCL, and concentrated under reduced pressure at ambient temperature. The residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography using chloroform and methanol as an eluent to afford the desired product 17.
[617] Compound 18. To a solution of compound 17 (0.73 mmol, 1 eq) in MeOH (20 mL) was added a solution KOH (2.2 mmol, 3 eq) in 3 mL H2O. The mixture was stirred for 12-36 h at ambient temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was treated with H2O (15 mL), and the mixture was acidified to pH 5 with IN aq. HC1 and extracted with of DCM (4*15 mL). Combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated. The product was used for the next step without additional purification.
[618] A mixture of compound 16 (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), compound C (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), TBTU (0.2 mmol, 2 eq), DIPEA (0.4 mmol, 4 eq), and anh. pyridine (3 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 12 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was treated with 3M solution of HC1 in dioxane, and the mixture was evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by HPLC in acidic conditions (YMC-Pack ODS- AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-ace tonitrile).
Figure imgf000241_0002
[619] Compound 17. methyl 6-(2-(2-(6-(4-((3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridm-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidm-4- ylamino)benzamido)methyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexanoate. Yield 76%. LCMS (C18 column 20
X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time
1.28 min). MS (ESI) m/z 800.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000242_0001
[620] Compound 18. 6-(2-(2-(6-(4-((3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin-4- ylamino)benzamido)methyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexanoic acid. Yield 46%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.22 min). MS (ESI) m/z 786.3 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000242_0002
[621] N-(4-( 6-(2-(2-( 6-( 2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolm-4-ylammo )-6- oxohexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexyloxy)benzyl)-3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidm- 4-ylamino)benzamide hydrochloride. Yield 20%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.51 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1027.9 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 11.01 (s, 1H), 9.75 (s, 1H), 9.53 (br, 1H), 8.75 - 8.69 (m, 3H), 8.00 (br, 2H), 7.80 (dd, J= 7.3, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.51-7.45 (m, 2H), 7.12 - 7.04 (m, 6H), 6.81 (d, J= 8.6 Hz, 2H), 6.47 (br, 2H), 5.16 (dd, J= 13.5, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 4.36-4.30 (m, 4H), 3.88 (t, J= 18 Hz, 2H), 3.48 - 3.43 (m, 13H), 3.36 - 3.24 (m, 2H), 2.92 - 2.78 (m, 4H), 2.64 - 2.56 (m, 4H), 2.43 - 2.35 (m, 4H), 2.19-2.13 (m, 1H), 2.04 - 1.99 (m, 1H), 1.70 - 1.60 (m, 4H), 1.53 - 1.45 (m, 4H), 1.34-1.27 (m, 6H).
Figure imgf000243_0001
General procedures
[622] Compound 14. A mixture of compound A (or enantiomer) (2.5 mmol, 1 eq), compound 13 (2.75 mmol,
1.1 eq), K2CO3 (5.0 mmol, 2 eq) and anh. acetonitrile (50 mL) was stirred and heated under reflux for 12 h, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography using ethyl acetate and hexane (2:1) as an eluent to afford the desired product 14.
[623] Compound 15. A solution of compound 14 (or enantiomer) (1.2 mmol, 1 eq) in dry DCM (50 mL) with
1.2 ml 3 M HC1 in dioxane (5 eq) were stirred for 24 h at r.t. The mixture was evaporated to dryness to give the crude product 15 (or enantiomer) which was used in the next step without additional purification.
[624] Compound 16. SOCI2 (0.16ml, 2.3 mmol, 2 eq) was added dropwise to a stirred solution of compound 15 (or enantiomer) (1.15 mmol, 1 eq) in dry MeOH (20 mL). The mixture was stirred for 12 h at r.t. and then evaporated to dryness to give the crude product 16 (or enantiomer) that was used for the next step without additional purification. [625] Compound 17. A mixture of compound 16 (or enantiomer) (0.75 mmol, 1 eq), compound B (0.75 mmol, 1 eq), HOBt (0.9 mmol, 1.2 eq), EDO (0.9 mmol, 1.2 eq), DIPEA (3.0 mmol, 4 eq), and anh DCM (30 mL) was stirred for 12 h at ambient temperature, washed with water (3*10 ml), brine (2 x 10 mL), dried over NazSCU, and concentrated under reduced pressure at ambient temperature. The residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography using chloroform and methanol as an eluent to afford the desired product 17 (or enantiomer).
[626] Compound 18. To a solution of compound 17 (or enantiomer) (0.73 mmol, 1 eq) in MeOH (20 mL) was added a solution KOH (2.2 mmol, 3 eq) in 3 mL H2O. The mixture was stirred for 12-36 h at ambient temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was treated with H2O (15 mL), and the mixture was acidified to pH 5 with IN aq. HC1 and extracted with of DCM (4*15 mL). Combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated. The product was used for the next step without additional purification.
[627] Compound 19. A mixture of compound 16 (or enantiomer) (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), compound C (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), TBTU (0.2 mmol, 2 eq), DIPEA (0.4 mmol, 4 eq) and anh. pyridine (3 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 12 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by HPLC in neutral conditions (YMC-Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-ace tonitrile).
[628] Solution of compound 19 (or enantiomer) in CH2Q2 was treated with 3M HC1 in dioxane and stirred for 3 hours and then evaporated to dryness to give target compound
Syntheses according to the general procedures
Figure imgf000244_0001
[629] Compound 14 (R)-tert-butyl 6-(2-(2-(6-(4-(l-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)ethyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy) ethoxy)ethoxy)hexanoate. Yield 89%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 2.37 min). MS (ESI) m/z 596.5 [MH]+. 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 5 7.26 (br, 1H), 7.18 (d, J= 8.5 Hz, 2H), 6.84 (d, J= 8.5 Hz, 2H), 4.54 (m, 1H),
3.91 (t, J= 5.1 Hz, 2H), 3.51-3.44 (m, 8H), 3.39-3.34 (m, 6H), 2.18-2.14 (m, 2H), 1.71-1.63 (m, 2H), 1.54-
1.25 (m, 28H).
Figure imgf000244_0002
[630] Compound 15. (R)-6-(2-(2-(6-(4-(l -aminoethyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexanoic acid hydrochloride. Yield 99%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.15 min). MS (ESI) m/z 440.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000245_0001
[631] Compound 16. (R)-methyl 6-(2-(2-(6-(4-(l-aminoethyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexanoate hydrochloride. Yield 98%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.27 min). MS (ESI) m/z 454.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000245_0002
[632] Compound 17. (R)-tert-butyl 4-(3-(l-(4-(3-oxo-2,9,12,15-tetraoxahenicosan-21- yloxy)phenyl)ethylcarbamoyl)phenylamino)-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine-l- carboxylate. Yield 87%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.56 min). MS (ESI) m/z 901.0 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000245_0003
[633] Compound 18. (R)-6-(2-(2-(6-(4-(l-(3-(l-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl )piperidin-4-ylamino )benzamido )ethyl )phenoxy )hexyloxy )ethoxy )ethoxy)hexanoic acid
Yield 83%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.52 min). MS (ESI) m/z 887.2[MH]+.
Figure imgf000245_0004
[634] Compound 19. tert-butyl 4-(3-((lR)-l-(4-(6-(2-(2-(6-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-4- ylamino )-6- oxohexyloxy )ethoxy )ethoxy )hexyloxy )phenyl )ethylcarbamoyl )phenylamino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-
4H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine-I -carboxylate. Yield 33%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 5.78 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1128.2 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000246_0001
[635] N-((1R )-l-(4-( 6-(2-(2-( 6-( 2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolm-4-ylammo )-6- oxohexyloxy )ethoxy )ethoxy)hexyloxy)phenyl )ethyl )-3-(4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4- ylamino)benzamide hydrochloride. Yield 99%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.70 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1028.4
[MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 11.01 (s, 1H), 9.79 (s, 1H), 9.05 (br, 1H), 8.8-8.87 (m, 3H), 8.44(d, J = 12.0 Hz, 1H), 8.31 (br, 2H), 7.80 (d, 7= 7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.50 - 7.45 (m, 2H), 7.22 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.13- 7.03 (m, 3H), 6.82 (d, J= 8.6 Hz, 2H), 6.49 (d, J= 6.4 Hz, 1H), 5.14 (dd, J= 13.4, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 5.02 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.42-4.29 (m, 2H), 3.89 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.50 - 3.44 (m, 11H), 3.39-3.34 (m, 4H), 3.23(br, 3H), 2.95 - 2.87 (m, 1H), 2.67 - 2.54 (m, 3H), 2.408-2.32 (m, 5H), 2.05-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.70 - 1.59 (m, 4H), 1.55 - 1.45 (m, 4H), 1.41-1.30 (m, 9H).
Figure imgf000246_0002
ethoxy )ethoxy)hexanoate. Yield 89%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 2.37 min). MS (ESI) m/z 596.5 [MH]+. 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 57.26 (br, 1H), 7.18 (d, J= 8.5 Hz, 2H), 6.84 (d, J= 8.5 Hz, 2H), 4.54 (m, 1H), 3.91 (t, J= 5.1 Hz, 2H), 3.51-3.44 (m, 8H), 3.39-3.34 (m, 6H), 2.18-2.14 (m, 2H), 1.71-1.63 (m, 2H), 1.54- 1.25 (m, 28H).
Figure imgf000246_0003
[637] Compound 15. (S)-6-(2-(2-(6-(4-(l -aminoethyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexanoic acid hydrochloride. Yield 99%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.15 min). MS (ESI) m/z 440.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000246_0004
[638] Compound 16. (S)-methyl 6-(2-(2-(6-(4-(l-aminoethyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexanoate hydrochloride. Yield 98%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.27 min). MS (ESI) m/z 454.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000247_0001
[639] Compound 17. (S)-tert-butyl 4-(3-(l-(4-(3-oxo-2,9,12,15-tetraoxahenicosan-21- yloxy)phenyl)ethylcarbamoyl)phenylamino)-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine-l- carboxylate. Yield 87%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.56 min). MS (ESI) m/z 901.0 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000247_0002
[640] Compound 18. (S)-6-(2-(2-(6-(4-(l-(3-(l-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-ylamino)benzamido)ethyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexcmoic acid. Yield 83%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.52 min). MS (ESI) m/z 887.2[MH]+.
Figure imgf000247_0003
[641] Compound 19. tert-butyl 4-(3-((lS)-l-(4-(6-(2-(2-(6-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolm-4- ylamino )-6- oxohexyloxy )ethoxy )ethoxy )hexyloxy )phenyl )ethylcarbamoyl )phenylamino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )- 4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate. Yield 36%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 5.78 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1128.2 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000248_0001
[642] N-((1S )-l-(4-( 6-(2-(2-( 6-( 2-( 2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolin-4-ylamino )-6- oxohexyloxy )ethoxy )ethoxy)hexyloxy)phenyl )ethyl )-3-(4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4- ylamino)benzamide hydrochloride. Yield 97%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.70 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1028.4 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 11.01 (s, 1H), 9.79 (s, 1H), 8.75 (m, 2H), 8.60 (br, 1H), 8.48-8.41 (m, 2H), 8.03 (br, 2H), 7.80 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.52 - 7.45 (m, 2H), 7.22 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.22- 7.03 (m, 4H), 6.82 (d, J= 8.6 Hz, 2H), 6.46 (br, 2H), 5.14 (dd, J = 13.4, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 5.02 (t, J= 7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.42- 4.29 (m, 2H), 3.89 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 1H), 3.50 - 3.44 (m, 9H), 3.39-3.34 (m, 4H), 3.23(br, 3H), 2.95 - 2.87 (m, 2H), 2.67 - 2.54 (m, 3H), 2.40-2.32 (m, 5H), 2.05-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.70 - 1.59 (m, 4H), 1.55 - 1.45 (m, 4H), 1.41-1.30 (m, 9H).
General Scheme
Figure imgf000248_0002
General procedures
[643] Compound 17. A mixture of compound 16 (or enantiomer) (0.75 mmol, 1 eq), compound B (0.75 mmol, 1 eq), HOBt (0.9 mmol, 1.2 eq), EDO (0.9 mmol, 1.2 eq), DIPEA (3.0 mmol, 4 eq), and anh DCM (30 mL) was stirred for 12 h at ambient temperature, washed with water (3*10 ml), brine (2 x 10 mL), dried over NazSCL, and concentrated under reduced pressure at ambient temperature. The residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography using chloroform and methanol as an eluent to afford the desired product 17(or enantiomer). [644] Compound 18. To a solution of compound 17 (or enantiomer) (0.73 mmol, 1 eq) in MeOH (20 mL) was added a solution KOH (2.2 mmol, 3 eq) in 3 mL H2O. The mixture was stirred for 12-36 h at ambient temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was treated with H2O (15 mL), and the mixture was acidified to pH 5 with IN aq. HC1 and extracted with of DCM (4*15 mL). Combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated. The product was used for the next step without additional purification.
[645] A mixture of compound 18 (or enantiomer) (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), compound C (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), TBTU (0.2 mmol, 2 eq), DIPEA (0.4 mmol, 4 eq), and anh. pyridine (3 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 12 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was treated with 3M HC1 in dioxane and stirred for 0.5 hours and then evaporated to dryness, purified by HPLC in acidic conditions (YMC-Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-ace tonitrile).
Syntheses according to the general procedures
Figure imgf000249_0001
[646] Compound 17. (R)-methyl 6-(2-(2-(6-(4-(l-(3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-ylamino)benzamido)ethyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexanoate. Yield 88%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.28 min). MS (ESI) m/z 814.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000249_0002
[647] Compound 18. (R)-6-(2-(2-(6-(4-(l-(3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin-4- ylamino)benzamido)ethyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexanoic acid. Yield 79%. LCMS (C18 column 20
X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time
1.19 min). MS (ESI) m/z 8OO.8[MH]+.
Figure imgf000250_0001
[648] N-((1R )-l-(4-( 6-(2-(2-( 6-( 2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolm-4-ylammo )-6- oxohexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexyloxy)phenyl)ethyl)-3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-ylamino)benzamide hydrochloride. Yield 27%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.59 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1042.4 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 11.01 (s, 1H), 9.76 (s, 1H), 9.53 (br, 1H), 8.77- 8.74 (m, 2H), 8.44(t, J= 6.13 Hz, 1H), 8.01 (br, 2H), 7.82 (d, J= 7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.51 - 7.45 (m, 2H), 7.22 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.14- 7.03 (m, 3H), 6.82 (d, J= 8.6 Hz, 2H), 6.45 (br, 2H), 5.14 (dd, J= 13.4, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 5.07-4.99 (m, 1H), 4.41-4.29 (m, 2H), 3.88 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.50 - 3.45 (m, 7H), 3.39-3.34 (m, 3H), 3.23(br, 3H), 3.14-3.07 (m ,1H), 2.96 - 2.77 (m, 5H), 2.67 - 2.54 (m, 4H), 2.37-2.33 (m, 4H), 2.20-2.08 (m, 1H), 2.05-1.98 (m, 1H), 1.68 - 1.59 (m, 4H), 1.53 - 1.47 (m, 4H), 1.41-1.30 (m, 10H).
Figure imgf000250_0002
yl)piperidin-4-ylamino)benzamido)ethyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexcmoate. Yield 88%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.28 min). MS (ESI) m/z 814.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000250_0003
[650] Compound 18. (S)-6-(2-(2-(6-(4-(l-(3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin-4- ylamino)benzamido)ethyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexanoic acid. Yield 79%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.19 min). MS (ESI) m/z 8OO.8[MH]+.
Figure imgf000251_0001
[651] N-((1S )-l-(4-( 6-(2-(2-( 6-( 2-( 2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )- / -oxoisoindolin-4-ylamino )-6- oxohexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexyloxy)phenyl)ethyl)-3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-ylamino)benzamide hydrochloride. Yield 25%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.59 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1042.4 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 11.01 (s, 1H), 9.76 (s, 1H), 9.53 (br, 1H), 8.77- 8.74 (m, 2H), 8.44(t, J = 6.13 Hz, 1H), 8.01 (br, 2H), 7.82 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.51 - 7.45 (m, 2H), 7.22 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.14- 7.03 (m, 4H), 6.82 (d, J= 8.6 Hz, 2H), 6.45 (br, 2H), 5.14 (dd, J= 13.4, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 5.07-4.99 (m, 1H), 4.41-4.29 (m, 2H), 3.88 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.50 - 3.45 (m, 12H), 3.39-3.34 (m, 4H), 3.23(br, 2H), 2.96 - 2.77 (m, 4H), 2.67 - 2.54 (m, 1H), 2.37-2.33 (m, 4H), 2.20-2.08 (m, 1H), 2.05-1.98 (m, 1H), 1.68 - 1.59 (m, 4H), 1.53 - 1.47 (m, 4H), 1.41-1.30 (m, 9H).
General procedures
Figure imgf000251_0002
[652] Compound 2. 6-(2-((6-tert-butoxy-6-oxyhexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexyl methanesulfonate. To an ice cold solution of the corresponding alcohol (0.14 g, 0.37 mmol) in methylene chloride (10 ml), DIPEA (0.1 ml, 0.075 g, 0.57 mmol) was added, followed by mesyl chloride (0.04 ml, 0.058 g, 0.51 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 4 hours and quenched with water (10 ml). Organic phase was separated; aqueous was extracted with methylene chloride (10 ml). Combined organic phases were washed with water (10 ml) and dried over MgSO4- The solvent was stripped off and the product 2 was used further without additional purification. Yield 0.17 g (100%).
Figure imgf000251_0003
Figure imgf000251_0004
[653] Compound 4. (R)-tert-butyl 6-(2-(2-(6-(4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)chroman-6- yloxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexanoate. Compound 3 (0.09 g, 0.34 mmol), compound 2 (0.17 g, 0.37 mmol) and K2CO3 (0.2 g, 1.45 mmol, in dry acetonitrile (20 mL) were stirred for 12 h at reflux. The solvent was evaporated to dryness. The residue was partitioned between methylene chloride (10 ml) and water (10 ml). Organic layer was separated; aqueous one was extracted with methylene chloride (10 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSCL and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography using a mixture of chloroform and methanol (100 to 1 v/v) as an eluent to afford the desired product 4. Yield 0.23 g (98%).
[654] LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 2.23 min). MS (ESI) m/z 624.7 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000252_0001
[655] Compound 5. (R)-methyl 6-(2-(2-(6-(4-ammochroman-6-yloxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy )hexanoate hydrochloride. To an ice cold solution of compound 4 (0.24 g, 0.38 mmol) in methylene chloride (10 ml), dioxanic HC1 solution (1.0 ml, 3M) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for overnight. Then the solvent was evaporated, methanol (20 ml) was added and the solution was cooled in ice bath. SOC12 (1.0 ml, 1.67 g, 14.03 mmol) was added drop-wise. The reaction was kept at ambient temperature and evaporated dryness. The residue was crude 5 and used further. Yield 0.20 g (100%).
[656] LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to
87% for 3min, retention time 1.34 min). MS (ESI) m/z 482.4 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000252_0002
[657] Compound 6. (R)-methyl 6-(2-(2-(6-(4-(3-(l -methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l ,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin- 4-ylamino)benzamido)chroman-6-yloxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexanoate. To an ice cold suspension of amine hydrochloride 5 (0.20 g, 0.38 mmol) in pyridine (10 ml), 3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4- triazol-3-yl)piperidin-4-ylamino)benzoic acid hydrochloride (0.20 g, 0.48 mmol) was added, followed by hydroxyl benzotriazole hydrate (0.09 g, 0.58 mmol) and EDO (0.11 g, 0.57 mmol) and finally DIPEA (0.2 ml, 0.15 g, 1.15 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. Then the solvent was evaporated dryness and water (10 ml) was added and organic layer was separated. Aqueous layer was extracted with methylene chloride (10 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and evaporated. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica, using chloroform - methanol (20 to 1) mixture as an eluent. Yield of product 6 was 0.19 g (59%). LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, wateracetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.31 min). MS (ESI) m/z 843.0 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000252_0003
[658] Compound 7. (R)-6-(2-(2-(6-(4-(3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin-4- ylamino)benzamido)chroman-6-yloxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexcmoic acid. To a solution of ester 6 (0.19 g, 0.23 mmol) in methanol (5 ml), solid NaOH (0.05 g, 1.24 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 48 hours. The solvent was stripped off and the residue was treated with a solution of KHSO4 (0.17 g, 1.24 mmol) in water (5 ml). The heavy oil was precipitated that does not been dissolved in DCM. Water was decanted and crude acid 7 was used further. Yield 0.19 g (100%). LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.17 min). MS (ESI) m/z 828.8 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000253_0001
[659] Compound 8. N-( ( 4R )-6-( 6-(2-(2-( 6-( 2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolin-4-ylamino )-6- oxohexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexyloxy)chroman-4-yl)-3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-ylammo)benzamide hydrochloride. To a solution of acid 7 (0.19 g, 0.23 mmol) in dried pyridine (2 ml), 3-(4-amino-l-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine-2, 6-dione (0.07 g, 0.27 mmol) was added, followed by TBTU (0.13 g, 0.34 mmol) and DIPEA (0.2 ml, 1.15 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature and evaporated dryness. The residue was partitioned between methylene chloride (5 ml) and water (5 ml). The organic layer was separated; aqueous one was extracted with methylene chloride (5 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. The product 8 was purified by HPLC chromatography. Yield 0.020 g (8%). LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.55 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1070.7 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 11.01 (s, 1H), 9.75 (s, 1H), 9.64 - 9.49 (m, 1H), 8.76 (d, J= 5.8 Hz, 2H), 8.58 (s, 1H), 8.13 - 7.98 (m, 2H), 7.81 (d, J= 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.53 - 7.41 (m, 2H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 7.14 - 7.00 (m, 2H), 6.73 (d, J= 9.1 Hz, 1H), 6.68 (d, J= 8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.61 (s, 1H), 6.54 - 6.42 (m, 2H), 5.14 (dd, J= 13.1, 4.9 Hz, 2H), 4.35 (q, J= 17.4 Hz, 2H), 4.24 - 4.15 (m, 1H), 4.13 - 4.08 (m, 1H), 3.78 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.57 - 3.51 (m, 1H), 3.50 - 3.40 (m, 8H), 3.38 - 3.31 (m, 6H), 2.96 - 2.78 (m, 5H), 2.68 - 2.55 (m, 2H), 2.40 - 2.29 (m, 4H), 2.19 - 2.10 (m, 1H), 2.05 - 1.88 (m, 3H), 1.64 - 1.56 (m, 4H), 1.55 - 1.41 (m, 5H), 1.39 - 1.21 (m, 7H).
Synthetic Example S8
General Scheme
Figure imgf000253_0002
General procedures
[660] Compound 2. A mixture of compounds 1 (65.8 g, 631 mmol, 4 eq), benzyl chloride (20.0 g, 158 mmol, 1 eq.), TBAB (0.2 g) and 50% aqua solution of NaOH (25.3 g, 631 mmol, 1 eq) was stirred at 100°C for 12 h before been poured in water (200 ml). The product was extracted with EtzO (3x150 ml), the organic layers were dried over NazSCH, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel, using hexane/EtOAc 1:1 as eluent, to provide the product 2. Yield 85%. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 57.36-7.27 (m, 5H), 4.43 (s, 2H), 4.33 (t, 7=4.3 Hz, 1H), 3.42-3.37(m, 4H), 1.56 - 1.49 (m, 2H), 1.44- 1.37 (m, 2H), 1.35 - 1.25 (m, 4H).
[661] Compound 3. Solution of compound 2 (15.8 g, 75.85 mmol) in CH2CI2 was mixed with 19.8 mL of DIPEA (113.77 mmol) and cooled to 0°C. 10.42 g of MsCl was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, washed with water, dried over Na2SC>4 and evaporated. The product was used without purification. Yield 21.9 g (98%). 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de) 5 7.36-7.27 (m, 5H), 4.44 (s, 2H), 4.19(t, J= 6.2 Hz, 2H), 3.42(t, 7 =6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.15 (s, 3H), 1.69 - 1.62 (m, 2H), 1.56- 1.51 (m, 2H), 1.41 - 1.30 (m, 4H).
[662] Compound 4. An oven-dried 500 mL flask with stirrer was charged with sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 7.5 g, 187 mmol). The flask was sealed with a septum, evacuated and back-filled with argon (3 times). Anhydrous DMF (100 mL) followed by diethylene glycol (24.1 g, 227.5 mmol) were added and the reaction mixture stirred at 25 °C for 2 hr. Solution of 5- benzyloxyhexthyl 4-methanesulfonate 3 (21.7 g, 75.8 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (200 mL) was added to the mixture. The solution was warmed to 50 °C and stirred for 18 hr before been cooled to r.t. and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between H2O (400 mL) and Et2O (500 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na2SC>4 and concentrated in vacuo. The crude yellow oil was then purified by flash chromatography (200 g SiCL. EtOAc and hexane (50/50)) providing compound 4 (8.5 g, 38% yield) as viscous oil. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de) 5 7.36-7.27 (m, 5H), 4.55 (t, 7 = 5.5 Hz, 1H), 4.44 (s, 2H), 3.51-3.45 (m, 6H), 3.42-3.39 (m, 4H), 3.36 (t, 7 = 6.6 Hz, 2H), 1.55-1.46 (m, 4H), 1.33-1.27 (m, 4H).
[663] Compound 5. Jones reagent (prepared from 19.5 g (194 mmol) of C1O3. 405 mL of water and 39 mL of conc.H2SO4) was added to the solution of compound 4 (19.2 g, 28 mmol) in acetone (600 mL) at 0 °C. the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight; excess of oxidative reagent was neutralized with z'-PrOH (50 mL). Solution was concentrated, diluted with water (1000 mL) and extracted with CH2Q2 (3 x 500 mL). Organic phase was dried over Na2SO4, solvent was removed in vacuo. Compound 5 was used without purification. Yield 19.6 g (97%). 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 12.55 (br, 1H), 7.36-7.25 (m, 5H), 4.44 (s, 2H), 4.01 (s, 2H), 3.58-3.56 (m, 2H), 3.49-3.46 (m, 2H), 3.41 (t, 2H), 3.36 (t, 2H), 1.56-1.43 (m, 4H), 1.35- 1.25 (m, 4H).
[664] Compound 6. 9 mL (126 mmol) of SOCI2 was added to the stirred solution of compound 5 (19.6 g, 63 mmol) in dry ethanol (300 mL) at room temperature. After 8 hours reaction mixture was concentrated and purified with column chromatography (SiCL. ethyl acetate (33%) - hexane (66%)). Yield 13.6 g (63%). 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 57.36-7.25 (m, 5H), 4.44 (s, 2H), 4.13-4.03(m, 4H), 3.59-3.57 (m, 2H), 3.49- 3.47 (m, 2H), 3.41 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.36(t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.56-1.44 (m, 4H), 1.33-1.27 (m, 4H), 1.19(t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H).
[665] Compound 7. H2 gas was passed through a mixture of compound 6 (13.6 g, 40 mmol) and 10% Pd/C (4.3 g) in EtOH (50 ml) at r.t. for 12 h. The powder of Pd/C was filtered, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to provide the product 7. Yield: 8.6 g (97%). 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de) 5 4.31 (t, J = 5.1 Hz, 1H), 4.14-4.10 (m, 4H), 3.59-3.57(m, 2H), 3.49-3.47(m, 2H), 3.39-3.35 (m, 4H), 1.51-1.37 (m, 4H), 1.31-1.26 (m, 4H), 1.20 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H).
General Scheme
Figure imgf000255_0001
General procedures
[666] Compound 10. A solution of compound 9 (1.29 mmol, 1 eq) in CH2CI2 was mixed with DIPEA (1.94 mmol, 1.5 eq) and cooled to 0 °C. 1.55 mmol (1.2 eq) of MsCl was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, washed with water, dried over Na2SC>4 and evaporated. The product was used without purification.
[667] Compound 11. A mixture of compound A (or enantiomer) (2.5 mmol, 1 eq), compound 10 (2.75 mmol,
1.1 eq), K2CO3 (5.0 mmol, 2 eq) and anh. acetonitrile (50 mL) was stirred and heated under reflux for 12 h, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography using ethyl acetate and hexane (2:1) as an eluent to afford the desired product 11 (or enantiomer).
[668] Compound 12. A solution of compound 11 (or enantiomer) (1.2 mmol, 1 eq) in dry DCM (50 mL) with
1.2 ml 3 M HC1 in dioxane (5 eq) were stirred for 24 h at r.t. The mixture was evaporated to dryness to give the crude product 12 (or enantiomer) which was used in the next step without additional purification.
[669] Compound 13. A mixture of compound 12 (or enantiomer) (0.75 mmol, 1 eq), compound B (0.75 mmol, 1 eq), HOBt (0.9 mmol, 1.2 eq), EDO (0.9 mmol, 1.2 eq), DIPEA (3.0 mmol, 4 eq) and anh DCM (30 mL) was stirred for 12 h at ambient temperature, washed with water (3*10 ml), brine (2 x 10 mL), dried over NazSCH, and concentrated under reduced pressure at ambient temperature. The residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography using chloroform and methanol as an eluent to afford the desired product 13 (or enantiomer).
[670] Compound 14. To a solution of compound 13 (or enantiomer) (0.73 mmol, 1 eq) in MeOH (20 mL) was added a solution KOH (2.2 mmol, 3 eq) in 3 mL H2O. The mixture was stirred for 12-36 h at ambient temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was treated with H2O (15 mL), and the mixture was acidified to pH 5 with IN aq. HC1 and extracted with of DCM (4*15 mL). Combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated. The product was used for the next step without additional purification.
[671] Compound 15. A mixture of compound 14 (or enantiomer) (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), compound C (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), TBTU (0.2 mmol, 2 eq), DIPEA (0.4 mmol, 4 eq) and anh. pyridine (3 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 12 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by HPLC in neutral conditions (YMC-Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-ace tonitrile).
[672] A solution of compound 15 (or enantiomer) in CH2Q2 was treated with 3M HC1 in dioxane and stirred for 3 hours and then evaporated to dryness to give target compound.
Figure imgf000256_0002
[674] Compound 11. (R)-ethyl 2-(2-(6-(3-(l-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)ethyl)phenoxy) hexyloxy)ethoxy)acetate. Colorless oil 69%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.91 min). MS (ESI) m/z 468.9 [MH]+. 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 5 7.32(d, J= 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (t, J= 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.84-6.82 (m, 2H), 6.74 (dd, J =
7.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 4.56 (m 1H), 4.12-4.08 (m, 4H), 3.92 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.60-3.57 (m, 2H), 3.50-3.47 (m,
2H), 1.77-1.66 (m, 2H), 1.54-1.47 (m, 2H), 1.43-1.21 (m, 20H)
Figure imgf000256_0001
[675] Compound 12. (R)-ethyl 2-(2-(6-(3-(l-aminoethyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)acetate hydrochloride.
Yield 97%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.17 min). MS (ESI) m/z 368.4 [MH]+. 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 5 8.57 (br, 2H), 7.30 (t, J= 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (s, 1H), 7.04 (d, J= 7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (d, J= 8.3 Hz, 1H), 4.32 (m 1H), 4.11-4.08 (m, 4H), 3.97 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.60-3.57 (m, 2H), 3.50-3.47 (m, 2H), 1.75-1.68 (m, 2H), 1.54- 1.46 (m, 5H), 1.44-1.31 (m, 4H), 1.19 (t, J= 7.1 Hz, 3H)
Figure imgf000257_0003
[677] Compound 14. (R)-2-(2-((6-(3-(l-(3-((l-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-yl)amino)benzamido)ethyl)phenoxy)hexyl)oxy)ethoxy)acetic acid. Yield 72%.
LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.38 min). MS (ESI) m/z 786.7 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000257_0001
[678] Compound 15. tert-butyl 4-((3-(((lR)-l-(3-((6-(2-(2-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-4- yl )amino )-2-oxoethoxy )ethoxy )hexyl )oxy )phenyl )ethyl )carbamoyl )phenyl )amino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l,2,4- triazol-3-yl)piperidine-l -carboxylate. Yield 31%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.35 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1027.7 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000257_0002
[679] N-((1R )-!-( 3-( (6-(2-(2-((2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l-oxoisoindolin-4-yl )amino )-2- oxoethoxy)ethoxy )hexyl )oxy)phenyl )ethyl )-3-( (4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2, 4 - triazol- 3 -y I )piperidin-4- yl)amino)benzamide hydrochloride. Yield 45%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.35 min). MS (ESI) m/z 927.6[MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-t/6) 5 14.47 (bs, 1H), 11.00 (s, 1H), 9.67 (s, 1H), 8.75 (d, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 8.62 (bs, 1H), 8.49 (d, J= 8.3 Hz, 2H), 8.03 (bs, 2H), 7.73 (dd, J= 7.9, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (dd, J = 7.5, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (t, J= 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (m, 4H), 6.87 (m, 2H), 6.73 (dd, J= 8.2, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.48 (bs, 2H), 5.14 (dd, J= 13.3, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 5.04 (p, J= 7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.35 (m, 2H), 4.13 (s, 2H), 3.88 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.69 (m, 2H), 3.57 (m, 2H), 3.40 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.26 (s, 4H), 2.91 (ddd, J= 18.3, 13.5, 5.4 Hz, 1H), 2.62 (m, 1H), 2.39 (m, 5H), 2.00 (m, 1H), 1.63 (p, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 1.48 (p, J= 6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.38 (d, J= 7.1 Hz, 3H), 1.33 (m, 4H).
Figure imgf000258_0001
[680] Compound 11. (S)-ethyl 2-(2-(6-(3-(l-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)ethyl)phenoxy) hexyloxy)ethoxy)acetate. Colorless oil 69%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.91 min). MS (ESI) m/z 468.9 [MH]+. 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 57.32(d, J= 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (t, J= 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.84-6.82 (m, 2H), 6.74 (dd, J = 7.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 4.56 (m 1H), 4.12-4.08 (m, 4H), 3.92 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.60-3.57 (m, 2H), 3.50-3.47 (m, 2H), 1.77-1.66 (m, 2H), 1.54-1.47 (m, 2H), 1.43-1.21 (m, 20H)
Figure imgf000258_0002
[681] Compound 12. (S)-ethyl 2-(2-(6-(3-(l-aminoethyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)acetate hydrochloride.
Yield 97%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.17 min). MS (ESI) m/z 368.4 [MH]+.
’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 5 8.57 (br, 2H), 7.30 (t, J= 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (s, 1H), 7.04 (d, J= 7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (d, J= 8.3 Hz, 1H), 4.32 (m 1H), 4.11-4.08 (m, 4H), 3.97 (t, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.60-3.57 (m, 2H), 3.50- 3.47 (m, 2H), 1.75-1.68 (m, 2H), 1.54-1.46 (m, 5H), 1.44-1.31 (m, 4H), 1.19 (t, J= 7.1 Hz, 3H)
Figure imgf000258_0003
[682] Compound 13. (S)-tert-butyl 4-((3-((l-(3-((6-(2-(2-ethoxy-2- oxoethoxy)ethoxy )hexyl )oxy)phenyl )ethyl )carbamoyl )phenyl )amino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate. Yield 95%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.52min). MS (ESI) m/z 814.3 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000259_0001
[683] Compound 14. (S)-2-(2-(( 6-( 3-(l-(3-((l-( tert-butoxycarbonyl )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H- 1 ,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-yl)amino)benzamido)ethyl)phenoxy)hexyl)oxy)ethoxy)acetic acid. Yield 72%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.38 min). MS (ESI) m/z 786.7 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000259_0002
[684] Compound 15. tert-butyl 4-((3-(((lS)-l-(3-((6-(2-(2-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-4- yl )amino )-2-oxoethoxy )ethoxy )hexyl )oxy )phenyl )ethyl )carbamoyl )phenyl )amino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l,2,4- triazol-3-yl)piperidine-l -carboxylate. Yield 31%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.35 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1027.7 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000259_0003
[685] N-((lS)-l-( 3-( (6-(2-(2-((2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l-oxoisoindolin-4-yl )amino )-2- oxoethoxy)ethoxy )hexyl )oxy)phenyl )ethyl )-3-( (4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2, 4 - triazol- 3 -y I )piperidin-4- yl)amino)benzamide hydrochloride. Yield 45%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.45 min). MS (ESI) m/z 927.6[MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-t 6) 5 14.47 (bs, 1H), 11.00 (s, 1H), 9.67 (s, 1H), 8.75 (d, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 8.62 (bs, 1H), 8.49 (d, J= 8.3 Hz, 2H), 8.03 (bs, 2H), 7.73 (dd, J= 7.9, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (dd, J = 7.5, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (t, J= 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (m, 4H), 6.87 (m, 2H), 6.73 (dd, J= 8.2, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.48 (bs, 2H), 5.14 (dd, J= 13.3, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 5.04 (p, J= 7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.35 (m, 2H), 4.13 (s, 2H), 3.88 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.69 (m, 2H), 3.57 (m, 2H), 3.40 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.26 (s, 4H), 2.91 (ddd, J= 18.3, 13.5, 5.4 Hz, 1H), 2.62 (m, 1H), 2.39 (m, 5H), 2.00 (m, 1H), 1.63 (p, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 1.48 (p, J= 6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.38 (d, J= 7.1 Hz, 3H), 1.33 (m, 4H).
General Scheme
Figure imgf000260_0001
General Procedures
[686] Compound 11. A mixture of compound 10 (or enantiomer) (0.75 mmol, 1 eq), compound B (0.75 mmol, 1 eq), HOBt (0.9 mmol, 1.2 eq), EDO (0.9 mmol, 1.2 eq), DIPEA (3.0 mmol, 4 eq), and anh DCM (30 mL) was stirred for 12 h at ambient temperature, washed with water (3*10 ml), brine (2 x 10 mL), dried over NazSCU, and concentrated under reduced pressure at ambient temperature. The residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography using chloroform and methanol as an eluent to afford the desired product 11 (or enantiomer).
[687] Compound 12. To a solution of compound 11 (or enantiomer) (0.73 mmol, 1 eq) in MeOH (20 mL) was added a solution KOH (2.2 mmol, 3 eq) in 3 mL H2O. The mixture was stirred for 12-36 h at ambient temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was treated with H2O (15 mL), and the mixture was acidified to pH 5 with IN aq. HC1 and extracted with of DCM (4*15 mL). Combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated. The product was used for the next step without additional purification.
[688] Compound 12 (or enantiomer) (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), compound C (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), TBTU (0.2 mmol, 2 eq) and DIPEA (0.4 mmol, 4 eq) in dry pyridine (3 ml) were stirred for 12 h at r.t. The mixture was evaporated to dryness. The residue was treated with 3M solution of HC1 in dioxane, and the mixture was evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by HPLC in neutral conditions (YMC-Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-ace tonitrile).
Synthesis according to general procedures
Figure imgf000260_0002
[689] Compound 11. (R)-ethyl 2-(2-((6-(3-(l-(3-((l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-yl)amino)benzamido)ethyl)phenoxy)hexyl)oxy)ethoxy)acetate. Yield 52%. LCMS (C18 column
20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, radient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.22 min). MS (ESI) m/z 728.8 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000261_0001
[690] Compound 12. (R)-2-(2-(( 6-( 3-(l-(3-( (l-methyl-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4- yl)amino)benzamido)ethyl)phenoxy)hexyl)oxy)ethoxy)acetic acid. Yield 98%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.15 min). MS (ESI) m/z 700.8 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000261_0002
[691] N-((1R )-!-( 3-( (6-(2-(2-((2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l-oxoisoindolin-4-yl )amino )-2- oxoethoxy)ethoxy)hexyl)oxy)phenyl)ethyl)-3-((l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidm-4- yl)amino)benzamide hydrochloride. Yield 75%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.37 min). MS (ESI) m/z 941.8 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-t 6) 5 14.50 (bs, 1H), 11.00 (s, 1H), 9.67 (s, 1H), 9.54 (bs, 1H), 8.75 (m, 2H), 8.49 (m, 1H), 8.01 (bs, 2H), 7.73 (dd, J= 4.4, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (dd, J= 4.6, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (t, J= 4.6 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (t, J= 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (m, 3H), 6.87 (m, 2H), 6.74 (dd, J= 8.1, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.46 (bs, 2H), 5.14 (dd, J= 13.3, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 5.04 (m, 1H), 4.35 (m, 2H), 4.13 (s, 2H), 3.88 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.69 (m, 2H), 3.57 (dd, J= 5.9, 3.5 Hz, 2H), 3.51 (m, 1H), 3.45 (s, 1H), 3.40 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.27 (m, 2H), 2.85 (m, 5H), 2.61 (m, 1H), 2.36 (m, 3H), 2.15 (m, 1H), 2.00 (m, 1H), 1.63 (p, J= 6.9 Hz, 2H), 1.48 (p, J= 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.38 (d, J= 6.4 Hz, 3H), 1.31 (m, 4H).
General Scheme
Figure imgf000262_0001
General Procedures
[692] Compound 8. Solution of compound 7 (1.29 mmol, 1 eq) in CH2CI2 was mixed with DIPEA (1.94 mmol, 1.5 eq) and cooled to 0 °C. 1.55 mmol (1.2 eq) of MsCl was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, washed with water, dried over Na2SC>4 and evaporated. The product was used without purification.
[693] Compound 9. A mixture of compound A (or enantiomer) (2.5 mmol, 1 eq), compound 8 (2.75 mmol, 1.1 eq), K2CO3 (5.0 mmol, 2 eq) and anh. acetonitrile (50 mL) was stirred and heated under reflux for 12 h, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography using ethyl acetate and hexane (2:1) as an eluent to afford the desired product 11.
[694] Compound 10. To a mixture of compound 9 ( 0.186 mmol) in Et20 (5 mL), LiBIL (0.279 mmol) was added, followed by methanol (0.279 mmol) at 0°C. The reaction was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was partitioned between DCM (5 ml) and water, contains with citric acid (0.7 g, 3.64 mmol in water 1 ml). The extract was separated and dried over Na2SC>4. The crude product 10 was used further without additional purification.
[695] Compound 11. A flask was charged with 10 mL of dichloromethane and oxalyl chloride (1.14 mmol). The solution was stirred and cooled to -60°C then dimethyl sulfoxide (1.69 mmol) in 5 mL of dichloromethane was added dropwise at a rapid rate. After 5 min compound 10 (0.22 mmol) in 5 ml of dichloromethane was added dropwise maintaining the temperature at -50 to -60°C. After another 15 min, triethylamine (0.5 ml, 3.59 mmol) was added dropwise while keeping the temperature at or below -50°C. Stirring was continued for 5 min, after which time the mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and 10 mL of water is added. The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with two 10 ml portions of dichloromethane. The organic layers were combined and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. Rotary evaporation of the solvents gave 0.115 g (95%) of crude product 11 that used further without additional purification.
[696] Compound 12. To a suspension of B (0.22 mmol) and compound 11 (0.22 mmol) in 10 mL of DCM was added DIPEA (0.1 mL, 0.67 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for an hour. Then sodium triacetoxyborohydride (0.191 g, 0.9 mmol) was added. The suspension was stirred at room temperature for 12 h and quenched with saturated NaHCCL aqueous solution. The product was extracted with dichloromethane (3 by 10 ml). After extraction, the combined organic layer was dried over NazSCL. Purification by silica gel (gradient ethyl acetate/tetrahydrofuran = 100:1 to 1:100 as a developing solvent) afforded compound 12.
[697] Compound 13. A solution of compound 12(1.2 mmol, 1 eq) in dry DCM (50 mL) with 1.2 ml 3 M HC1 in dioxane (5 eq) were stirred for 24 h at r.t. The mixture was evaporated to dryness to give the crude product 13 which was used in the next step without additional purification.
[698] Compound 14 A mixture of compound 13 (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), compound C (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), TBTU (0.2 mmol, 2 eq), DIPEA (0.4 mmol, 4 eq) and anh. pyridine (3 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 12 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by HPLC in neutral conditions (YMC- Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-acetonitrile).
[699] Solution of compound 14 in CH2Q2 was treated with 3M HC1 in dioxane and stirred for 3 hours and then evaporated to dryness to give target compound
Syntheses according to the general procedures
Figure imgf000263_0001
[700] Compound 8. ethyl 3,10,13-trioxa-2-thiapentadecan-15-oate 2,2-dioxide. Colorless oil 98%.
Figure imgf000263_0002
[701] Compound 9. (R)-ethyl 2-(2-(6-(3-(l-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)ethyl)phenoxy) hexyloxy)ethoxy)acetate. Colorless oil 69%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.91 min). MS (ESI) m/z 468.9 [MH]+. 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 5 7.32(d, J= 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (t, J= 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.84-6.82 (m, 2H), 6.74 (dd, J = 7.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 4.56 (m 1H), 4.12-4.08 (m, 4H), 3.92 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.60-3.57 (m, 2H), 3.50-3.47 (m, 2H), 1.77-1.66 (m, 2H), 1.54-1.47 (m, 2H), 1.43-1.21 (m, 20H)
Figure imgf000264_0001
[702] Compound 10. (R) -tert-butyl l-( 3-( 6-( 2-( 2-hydroxy ethoxy )ethoxy)hexyloxy)phenyl)ethylcarbamate.
Yield 97%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.62 min). MS (ESI) m/z 426.4 [MH]+. 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 57.30 (t, J= 8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.85-6.82 (m, 2H), 6.75 (dd, J= 8.2, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 4.59-4.52 (m, 2H), 3.93 (t, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.52-3.46 (m, 6H), 3.43-3.37 (m, 4H), 1.73-1.67 (m, 2H), 1.55-1.48 (m, 2H), 1.44-1.27 (m, 16H).
Figure imgf000264_0003
[704] Compound 12. tert-butyl ( 1R)- l-(3-(6-(2-(2-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)- l-oxoisoindolin-4- ylamino)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexyloxy)phenyl)ethylcarbamate. Yield 40%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 7.25 min).
MS (ESI) m/z 667.9 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000264_0002
[705] Compound 13. 3-(4-(2-(2-(6-(3-((R)-l-aminoethyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethylamino)-l- oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine-2, 6-dione hydrochloride. Yield 96%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.64 min). MS (ESI) m/z 567.7 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000265_0001
[706] Compound 14. tert-butyl 4-(3-((lR)-l-(3-(6-(2-(2-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-4- ylamino )ethoxy )ethoxy )hexyloxy)phenyl )ethylcarbamoyl )phenylamino )-4-( 5-(pyrimidin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol- 3 -yl)piperidine-l -carboxylate. Yield 43%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 6.06 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1013.6
Figure imgf000265_0002
[707] N-((1R )-!-( 3-( 6-(2-(2-(2-(2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolin-4- ylamino )ethoxy )ethoxy )hexyloxy)phenyl )ethyl )-3-(4-( 5-(pyrimidin-4-yl )-4H- 1 ,2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4- ylamino)benzamide hydrochloride. Yield 96%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.66 min). MS (ESI) m/z 913.6 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 11.00 (s, 1H), 9.16 (br, 1H), 9.00 (br, 1H), 8.91 (d, J= 5.3 Hz, 2H), 8.55 (d, J= 8.2 Hz, 1H), 8.38 (br, 2H), 7.27 (t, J= 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.18 - 7.13 (m, 2H), 7.08 - 7.05 (m, 2H), 6.95 (d, J= 5.3 Hz 1H), 6.89-6.86 (m, 2H), 6.81 (d, J= 5.3 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (dd, J= 7.8, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (d, J= 5.5 Hz, 1H), 5.13-4.99 (m, 2H), 4.25-4.10 (m, 2H), 3.89 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.58 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.55-3.46 (m, 10H), 3.36 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.29 (br, 2H), 2.96 - 2.87 (m, 1H), 2.67 - 2.57 (m, 2H), 2.34-2.24 (m, 4H), 2.05 - 1.99 (m, 1H), 1.69-1.63 (m, 2H), 1.51 - 1.28 (m, 10H).
General Scheme
Figure imgf000266_0001
General Procedure
[708] N-((1R )-!-( 3-( 6-(2-(2-(2-(2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolin-4-ylamino )ethoxy ) ethoxy )hexyloxy)phenyl )ethyl )-3-(l -methyl-4-( 5-(pyrimidin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4- ylamino)benzamide hydrochloride. A mixture of compound 13 (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), compound C (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), TBTU (0.2 mmol, 2 eq), DIPEA (0.4 mmol, 4 eq) and anh. pyridine (3 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 12 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was treated with 3M HC1 in dioxane, evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by HPLC in acidic conditions (YMC-Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-ace tonitrile). Yield 29%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.67 min). MS (ESI) m/z 927.6 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 10.99 (s, 1H), 9.52 (br, 1H), 8.78-8.76 (m, 2H), 8.48-8.47 (m, 1H), 8.07 (br, 2H), 7.27 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.17 - 7.04 (m, 5H),6.93 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.89 - 6.86 (m, 2H), 6.80 (d, J= 5.3 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (dd, J= 7.8, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 6.47 (br, 2H), 5.13-5.00 (m, 2H), 4.54 (br, 2H), 4.24-4.10 (m, 2H), 3.89 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.59 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.55-3.42 (m, 6H), 3.36 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.33 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.28-3.21 (m, 1H), 2.96 - 2.80 (m, 5H), 2.67 - 2.57 (m, 2H), 2.39- 2.24 (m, 2H), 2.17-2.10 (m, 1H), 2.05 - 1.99 (m, 1H), 1.69-1.63 (m, 2H), 1.51-1.45 (m, 2H), 1.40 - 1.28 (m, 7H). General Scheme
Figure imgf000267_0001
General procedures
[709] Compound 12. To a suspension of B (0.22 mmol) and compound 11 (0.22 mmol) in 10 mL of DCM was added DIPEA (0.1 mL, 0.67 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for an hour. Then sodium triacetoxyborohydride (0.191 g, 0.9 mmol) was added. The suspension was stirred at room temperature for 12 h and quenched with saturated NaHCCL aqueous solution. The product was extracted with dichloromethane (3 by 10 ml). After extraction, the combined organic layer was dried over NazSCL. Purification by silica gel (gradient ethyl acetate/tetrahydrofuran = 100:1 to 1:100 as a developing solvent) afforded compound 12.
[710] Compound 13. A solution of compound 12(1.2 mmol, 1 eq) in dry DCM (50 mL) with 1.2 ml 3 M HC1 in dioxane (5 eq) were stirred for 24 h at r.t. The mixture was evaporated to dryness to give the crude product 13 which was used in the next step without additional purification.
[711] Compound 14 A mixture of compound 13 (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), compound C (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), TBTU (0.2 mmol, 2 eq), DIPEA (0.4 mmol, 4 eq) and anh. pyridine (3 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 12 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by HPLC in neutral conditions (YMC- Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-acetonitrile).
[712] Solution of compound 14 in CH2Q2 was treated with 3M HC1 in dioxane and stirred for 3 hours and then evaporated to dryness to give target compound
Syntheses according to the general procedures
Figure imgf000267_0002
[713] Compound 12. tert-butyl (lR)-l-(3-(6-(2-(2-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-5- ylamino)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexyloxy)phenyl)ethylcarbamate. Yield 40%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 6.99 min). MS (ESI) m/z 668.0[MH]+.
Figure imgf000268_0001
[714] Compound 13 3-(5-(2-(2-(6-(3-((R)-l-aminoethyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethylamino)-l- oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine-2, 6-dione hydrochloride. Yield 96%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.59 min). MS (ESI) m/z 567.3 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000268_0002
[715] Compound 14. tert-butyl 4-(3-((lR)-l-(3-(6-(2-(2-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-5- ylamino )ethoxy )ethoxy )hexyloxy)phenyl )ethylcarbamoyl )phenylamino )-4-( 5-(pyrimidin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol- 3 -yl)piperidine-l -carboxylate. Yield 47%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 6.57 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1014.3 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000268_0003
[716] N-((1R )-!-( 3-( 6-(2-(2-(2-(2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolin-5- ylamino )ethoxy )ethoxy )hexyloxy)phenyl )ethyl )-3-(4-( 5-(pyrimidin-4-yl )-4H- 1 ,2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4- ylamino)benzamide hydrochloride. Yield 96%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.63 min). MS (ESI) m/z 913.8 [MH]+. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 10.91 (s, 1H), 9.26 (br, 1H), 9.14 (br, 1H), 8.95-8.93 (m, 3H), 8.55 (d, J= 8.2 Hz, 1H), 8.38 (br, 2H), 7.37 (d, J= 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.18 - 7.13 (m, 2H), 7.08 - 7.05 (m, 2H), 6.93- 6.85 (m, 3H), 6.75-6.68 (m, 2H), 6.50 (d, J= 5.5 Hz, 1H), 5.13-4.99 (m, 2H), 4.25-4.10 (m, 2H), 3.89 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.58 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.55-3.46 (m, 9H), 3.36 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.29 (br, 2H), 2.96 - 2.87 (m, 1H), 2.67 - 2.57 (m, 2H), 2.34-2.24 (m, 4H), 2.05 - 1.99 (m, 1H), 1.69-1.63 (m, 2H), 1.51 - 1.28 (m, 10H). General Scheme
Figure imgf000269_0001
General Procedure
[717] N-((1R )-!-( 3-( 6-(2-(2-(2-(2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolin-5-ylamino )ethoxy )ethoxy ) hexyloxy )phenyl )ethyl )-3-(l -methyl-4-( 5-(pyrimidin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4- ylamino)benzamide hydrochloride. A mixture of compound 13 (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), compound C (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), TBTU (0.2 mmol, 2 eq), DIPEA (0.4 mmol, 4 eq) and anh. pyridine (3 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 12 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was treated with 3M HC1 in dioxane, evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by HPLC in acidic conditions (YMC-Pack ODS-AQ
250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-ace tonitrile). Yield 27%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.60 min). MS (ESI) m/z 927.6 [MHJ+.’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 10.90 (s, 1H), 9.51 (br, 1H), 8.78-8.76 (m, 2H), 8.49-8.46 (m, 1H), 8.05 (br, 2H), 7.37 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.18 - 7.05 (m, 4H), 6.89 - 6.86 (m, 2H), 6.75 (d, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H), 6.69-6.66 (m, 2H), 6.45 (br, 2H), 5.06-4.98 (m, 2H), 4.28-4.11 (m, 2H), 3.90 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.59-3.42 (m, 10H), 3.37 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.28-3.21 (m, 4H), 2.93 - 2.78 (m, 5H), 2.67 - 2.57 (m, 2H), 2.40-2.26 (m, 2H), 1.95 - 1.89 (m, 1H), 1.69-1.63 (m, 2H), 1.52-1.47 (m, 2H), 1.42 - 1.30 (m, 8H).
Synthetic Example S9
General Scheme
Figure imgf000269_0002
[718] Compound 2. A mixture of compounds 1 (65.8 g, 631 mmol, 4 eq), benzyl chloride (20.0 g, 158 mmol, 1 eq.), TBAB (0.2 g) and 50% aqua solution of NaOH (25.3 g, 631 mmol, 1 eq) was stirred at 100°C for 12 h before been poured in water (200 ml). The product was extracted with EtzO (3x150 ml), the organic layers were dried over NazSCL, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel, using hexane/EtOAc 1:1 as eluent, to provide the product 2. Yield 85%. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 57.36-7.27 (m, 5H), 4.43 (s, 2H), 4.33 (t, 7=4.3 Hz, 1H), 3.42-3.37(m, 4H), 1.56 - 1.49 (m, 2H), 1.44- 1.37 (m, 2H), 1.35 - 1.25 (m, 4H).
[719] Compound 3. Solution of compound 2 (15.8 g, 75.85 mmol) in CH2CI2 was mixed with 19.8 mL of DIPEA (113.77 mmol) and cooled to 0°C. 10.42 g of MsCl was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, washed with water, dried over NazSCL and evaporated. The product was used without purification. Yield 21.9 g (98%). 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de) 5 7.36-7.27 (m, 5H), 4.44 (s, 2H), 4.19(t, J= 6.2 Hz, 2H), 3.42(t, 7 =6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.15 (s, 3H), 1.69 - 1.62 (m, 2H), 1.56- 1.51 (m, 2H), 1.41 - 1.30 (m, 4H).
[720] Compound 4. An oven-dried 500 mL flask with stirrer was charged with sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 7.5 g, 187 mmol). The flask was sealed with a septum, evacuated and back-filled with argon (3 times). Anhydrous DMF (100 mL) followed by diethylene glycol (24.1 g, 227.5 mmol) were added and the reaction mixture stirred at 25 °C for 2 hr. Solution of 5- benzyloxyhexthyl 4-methanesulfonate 3 (21.7 g, 75.8 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (200 mL) was added to the mixture. The solution was warmed to 50 °C and stirred for 18 hr before been cooled to RT and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between H2O (400 mL) and Et2O (500 mL). The organic layer was dried over NazSCL and concentrated in vacuo. The crude yellow oil was then purified by flash chromatography (200 g SiCL. EtOAc and hexane (50/50)) providing compound 4 (8.5 g, 38% yield) as viscous oil. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de) 57.36-7.27 (m, 5H), 4.55 (t, 7 = 5.5 Hz, 1H), 4.44 (s, 2H), 3.51-3.45 (m, 6H), 3.42-3.39 (m, 4H), 3.36 (t, 7 = 6.6 Hz, 2H), 1.55-1.46 (m, 4H), 1.33-1.27 (m, 4H).
[721] Compound 5. A solution of 8.5 g of compound 4 (28.7 mmol) in CH2CI2 was mixed with 7.5 mL of DIPEA (43.0 mmol) and cooled to 0 °C. 3.9 g of MsCl was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, washed with water, dried over NazSCL and evaporated. The product was used without purification. Yield 10.7 g (97%). ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 57.36-7.27 (m, 5H), 4.43 (s, 2H), 4.31- 4.29(m, 2H), 3.67-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.56-3.54 (m, 2H), 3.49-3.46 (m, 2H), 3.41 (t, 7= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.36 (t, 7 = 6.6 Hz, 2H), 3.17 (s, 3H), 1.54-1.48 (m, 4H), 1.33-1.27 (m, 4H).
[722] Compound 6. An oven-dried 250 mL flask with stirrer was charged with sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 2.87 g, 71.7 mmol). The flask was sealed with a septum, evacuated and back-filled with nitrogen (x3). Anhydrous DMF (50 mL) followed by 1 ,4-butanediol (10.1 g, 86 mmol) were added and the reaction mixture stirred at 25 °C for 2 hr. To the mixture was added a solution of compound 5 (10.7 g, 28.7 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (100 mL). The solution was warmed to 50 °C and stirred for 24 hr. The reaction mixture was cooled to RT and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between H2O (400 mL) and EtzO (500 mL). The organic phase was dried over NazSCL and concentrated in vacuo. Yield 11.1 g (97%) as viscous oil. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 57.34-7.27 (m, 5H), 4.48 (s, 2H), 3.65-3.42 (m, 17H), 1.69-1.53 (m, 8H), 1.39-1.323 (m, 4H).
[723] Compound 7. Jones reagent (prepared from 8.41 g (84 mmol) of C1O3. 150 mL of water and 15 mL of conc.H2SO4) was added to the solution of compound 6 (11.1 g, 28 mmol) in acetone (300 mL) at 0 °C.
Reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight; excess of oxidative reagent was neutralized with z'-PrOH (50 mL). Solution was concentrated, diluted with water (400 mL) and extracted with CH2Q2 (3 x 250 mL). Organic phase was dried over Na2SO4, solvent was removed in vacuo. Compound 7 was used without purification. Yield 10.3 g (89%) . LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.58 min). MS (ESI) m/z 383.6 [MH]+.
[724] Compound 8. 2 mL (27.5 mmol) of SOCI2 was added to the stirred solution of compound 7 (10.3 g, 25 mmol) in dry methanol (150 mL) at room temperature. After 8 hours reaction mixture was concentrated and purified with column chromatography (SiCL, ethyl acetate (33%) - hexane (66%)). Yield 5.6 g (53%). 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 57.36-7.26 (m, 5H), 4.43 (s, 2H), 3.57 (s, 3H), 3.49-3.34 (m, 14H), 2.33 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.77-1.70 (m, 2H), 1.54-1.45 (m, 4H), 1.34-1.23 (m, 4H).
[725] Compound 9. H2 gas was passed through a mixture of compound 8 (1.1 g, 2.36 mmol) and 10% Pd/C (0.3 g) in EtOH (20 ml) at r.t. for 12 h. The powder of Pd/C was filtered, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to provide the product 9. Yield: 0.89 g (100%).
’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 54.30 (t, J= 5.1 Hz, 1H), 3.58 (s, 3H), 3.51-3.44(m, 8H), 3.39-3.34 (m, 6H), 2.33 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.77-1.74 (m, 2H), 1.54-1.45 (m, 4H), 1.34-1.23 (m, 4H)
General Scheme
Figure imgf000271_0001
General procedures
[726] Compound 10. Solution of compound 9 (1.29 mmol, 1 eq) in CH2CI2 was mixed with DIPEA (1.94 mmol, 1.5 eq) and cooled to 0 °C. 1.55 mmol (1.2 eq) of MsCl was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, washed with water, dried over Na2SC>4 and evaporated. The product was used without purification. [727] Compound 11. A mixture of compound A (or enantiomer) (2.5 mmol, 1 eq), compound 10 (2.75 mmol, 1.1 eq), K2CO3 (5.0 mmol, 2 eq) and anh. acetonitrile (50 mL) was stirred and heated under reflux for 12 h, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography using ethyl acetate and hexane (2:1) as an eluent to afford the desired product 11.
[728] Compound 12. A solution of compound 11 (1.2 mmol, 1 eq) in dry DCM (50 mL) with 1.2 ml 3 M HC1 in dioxane (5 eq) were stirred for 24 h at r.t. The mixture was evaporated to dryness to give the crude product 12 which was used in the next step without additional purification.
[729] Compound 13. A mixture of compound 12 (0.75 mmol, 1 eq), compound B (0.75 mmol, 1 eq), HOBt (0.9 mmol, 1.2 eq), EDO (0.9 mmol, 1.2 eq), DIPEA (3.0 mmol, 4 eq), and anh DCM (30 mL) was stirred for 12 h at ambient temperature, washed with water (3*10 ml), brine (2 x 10 mL), dried over NazSCL, and concentrated under reduced pressure at ambient temperature. The residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography using chloroform and methanol as an eluent to afford the desired product 13.
[730] Compound 14. To a solution of compound 13 (0.73 mmol, 1 eq) in MeOH (20 mL) was added a solution KOH (2.2 mmol, 3 eq) in 3 mL H2O. The mixture was stirred for 12-36 h at ambient temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was treated with H2O (15 mL), and the mixture was acidified to pH 5 with IN aq. HC1 and extracted with of DCM (4*15 mL). Combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated. The product was used for the next step without additional purification.
[731] Compound 15. A mixture of compound 14 (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), compound C (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), TBTU (0.2 mmol, 2 eq), DIPEA (0.4 mmol, 4 eq), and anh. pyridine (3 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 12 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by HPLC in neutral conditions (YMC- Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-acetonitrile).
[732] Solution of compound 15 in CH2Q2 was treated with 3M HC1 in dioxane and stirred for 3 hours and then evaporated to dryness to give target compound.
Compounds by the general procedures
Figure imgf000272_0001
[734] Compound 11. (R)-methyl 4-(2-(2-(6-(4-(l-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)ethyl)phenoxy) hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)butanoate. Yield 86%. Colorless oil 98%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.90 min). MS (ESI) m/z 526.5 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 5 7.25 (d, J= 8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 6.83(d, J= 8.6 Hz, 2H 2H), 4.56 (m 1H), 3.92 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.57 (s, 3H), 3.49-3.45 (m, 8H), 3.38 (t, J=
7.4 Hz, 4H), 2.33 (t, J= 7.4 Hz, 2H), 1.77-1.66 (m, 4H), 1.54-1.47 (m, 2H), 1.43-1.21 (m, 16H).
Figure imgf000273_0001
[735] Compound 12. (R)-methyl 4-(2-(2-(6-(4-(l-aminoethyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)butanoate hydrochloride. Yield 99%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.15 min). MS (ESI) m/z 426.4 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000273_0002
[736] Compound 13. (R)-tert-butyl 4-(3-(l-(4-(3-oxo-2,7,10,13-tetraoxanonadecan-19- yloxy)phenyl)ethylcarbamoyl)phenylamino)-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine-l- carboxylate. Yield 96%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.49 min). MS (ESI) m/z 873.3 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000273_0003
[737] Compound 14. (R)-4-(2-(2-(6-(4-(l-(3-(l-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl )piperidin-4-ylamino )benzamido )ethyl )phenoxy )hexyloxy )ethoxy )ethoxy)butanoic acid
Yield 81%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.37 min). MS (ESI) m/z 858.8 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000273_0004
[738] Compound 15. tert-butyl 4-(3-((lR)-l-(4-(6-(2-(2-(4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-4- ylamino )-4-oxobutoxy )ethoxy )ethoxy )hexyloxy)phenyl )ethylcarbamoyl )phenylamino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H- l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate. Yield 27%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 5.48 min). MS (ESI) m/z
1100.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000274_0001
[739] N-((1R )-l-(4-( 6-(2-( 2-(4-( 2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolin-4-ylamino )-4- oxobutoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexyloxy)phenyl)ethyl)-3-(4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin-4- y lamina )benzamide hydrochloride. Yield 99%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.58 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1001.2[MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 10.99 (s, 1H), 9.76 (s, 1H), 8.69 - 8.58 (m, 3H), 8.41 (d, J= 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.93-7.80 (m, 3H), 7.51-7.45 (m, 2H), 7.21(d, J= 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.11 - 7.03 (m, 3H), 6.79 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 6.46-6.42 (m, 2H), 5.14 (dd, J= 13.2, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 5.06 - 4.98 (m, 1H), 4.42-4.31 (m, 2H), 3.88 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.52 - 3.49(m, 5H), 3.46-3.42 (m, 4H), 3.25 (br, 9H), 2.96 - 2.86 (m, 1H), 2.67 - 2.54 (m, 1H), 2.44 - 2.39 (m, 4H), 2.35-2.30 (m, 2H), 2.04 - 2.00 (m, 1H), 1.88-1.79 (m, 2H), 1.70 - 1.63 (m, 2H), 1.53 - 1.45 (m, 2H), 1.42 - 1.29 (m, 7H).
Figure imgf000274_0002
[740] Compound 15. A mixture of compound 14 (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), compound C (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), TBTU (0.2 mmol, 2 eq), DIPEA (0.4 mmol, 4 eq) and anh. pyridine (3 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 12 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by HPLC in neutral conditions (YMC- Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-acetonitrile).
[741] Solution of compound 15 in CH2Q2 was treated with 3M HC1 in dioxane and stirred for 3 hours and then evaporated to dryness to give target compound. Syntheses according to the general procedures
Figure imgf000275_0001
[742] Compound 15. tert-butyl 4-(3-((IR)-I-(4-(6-(2-(2-(4-(4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-I,3- dioxoisoindolin-5-yl )piperazin-l-yl )-4-oxobutoxy )ethoxy )ethoxy )hexyloxy )phenyl ) ethylcarbamoyl)phenylamino)-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine-l -carboxylate. Yield 20%.
LCMS (Cl 8 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 5.90 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1201.2 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000275_0002
[743] N-((lR)-l-(4-(6-(2-(2-(4-(4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-l,3-dioxoisoindolin-5-yl)piperazin-l- yl)-4-oxobutoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexyloxy)phenyl)ethyl)-3-(4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin- 4-ylamino)benzamide hydrochloride. Yield 99%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.90 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1101.3[MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 11.09 (s, 1H), 9.09 (br, 1H), 8.96 - 8.88 (m, 4H), 8.46 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.32 (br, 2H), 7.74 (d, J= 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.21(d, J= 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.12 - 7.03 (m, 4H), 6.81 (d, J= 8.6 Hz, 2H), 6.50 (d, J= 8.8 Hz, 1H), 5.11 (dd, J= 13.2, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 5.06 - 4.98 (m, 1H), 3.89 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.62 (br, 4H), 3.51 - 3.46 (m, 9H), 3.42-3.35 (m, 4H), 3.25 (br, 8H), 2.93 - 2.82 (m, 1H), 2.67 - 2.54 (m, 1H), 2.40 - 2.32 (m, 4H), 2.06 - 2.00 (m, 1H), 1.77 - 1.62 (m, 4H), 1.52 - 1.45 (m, 2H), 1.42 - 1.25 (m, 9H).
Figure imgf000275_0003
General Procedure
[744] Compound 15. A mixture of compound 14 (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), compound C (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), TBTU (0.2 mmol, 2 eq), DIPEA (0.4 mmol, 4 eq), and anh. pyridine (3 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 12 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by HPLC in neutral conditions (YMC- Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-acetonitrile).
[745] Solution of compound 15 in CH2Q2 was treated with 3M HC1 in dioxane and stirred for 3 hours and then evaporated to dryness to give target compound.
Synthesis according to general procedures
Figure imgf000276_0001
[746] Compound 15. tert-butyl 4-(3-((lR)-l-(4-(6-(2-(2-(4-(4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-5- yl )piperazin-l-yl )-4-oxobutoxy )ethoxy )ethoxy )hexyloxy )phenyl ) ethylcarbamoyl )phenylamino )-4-( 5-(pyridin- 4-yl)-4H-l ,2, 4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine-l -carboxylate. Yield 31%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 5.44 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1168.9[MH]+.
Figure imgf000276_0002
[747] N-((lR)-l-(4-(6-(2-(2-(4-(4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-5-yl)piperazin-l-yl)-4- oxobutoxy )ethoxy)ethoxy)hexyloxy)phenyl)ethyl)-3-(4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin-4- ylamino)benzamide hydrochloride. Yield 99%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.62 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1069.6[MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 10.93 (s, 1H), 9.09 (br, 1H), 8.97- 8.87 (m, 3H), 8.46 (d, J= 8.3 Hz, 1H), 8.31 (br, 2H), 7.53 (d, J= 8.4 Hz, 1H),7.21 (d, J= 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.13- 7.03 (m, 5H), 6.81 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 6.74 (m, 1H), 5.08 - 4.99 (m, 2H), 4.35-4.19 (m, 2H), 3.88(t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.52 - 3.21 (m, 25H), 2.94- 2.84 (m, 1H), 2.64 - 2.56 (m, 2H), 2.43 - 2.23 (m, 6H), 1.98 - 1.92 (m, 1H), 1.77-1.63 (m, 4H), 1.53 - 1.45 (m, 2H), 1.42 - 1.29 (m, 8H).
Figure imgf000277_0001
General procedures
[748] Compound 13. A mixture of compound 12 (0.75 mmol, 1 eq), compound B (0.75 mmol, 1 eq), HOBt (0.9 mmol, 1.2 eq), EDO (0.9 mmol, 1.2 eq), DIPEA (3.0 mmol, 4 eq), and anh DCM (30 mL) was stirred for 12 h at ambient temperature, washed with water (3*10 ml), brine (2 x 10 mL), dried over NazSCL, and concentrated under reduced pressure at ambient temperature. The residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography using chloroform and methanol as an eluent to afford the desired product 13.
[749] Compound 14. To a solution of compound 13 (0.73 mmol, 1 eq) in MeOH (20 mL) was added a solution KOH (2.2 mmol, 3 eq) in 3 mL H2O. The mixture was stirred for 12-36 h at ambient temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was treated with H2O (15 mL), and the mixture was acidified to pH 5 with IN aq. HC1 and extracted with of DCM (4*15 mL). Combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated. The product was used for the next step without additional purification.
[750] A mixture of compound 14 (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), compound C (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), TBTU (0.2 mmol, 2 eq), DIPEA (0.4 mmol, 4 eq) and anh. pyridine (3 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 12 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. A solution of compound 15 in CH2Q2 was treated with 3M HC1 in dioxane and stirred for 3 hours and then evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by HPLC in acidic conditions (YMC-Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-ace tonitrile).
Synthesis according to the general procedures
Figure imgf000277_0002
[751] Compound 13. (R)-methyl 4-(2-(2-(6-(4-(l-(3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-ylamino)benzamido)ethyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)butanoate. Yield 91%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.18 min). MS (ESI) m/z 786.7 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000278_0001
[752] Compound 14. R)-4-(2-(2-(6-(4-(l-(3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin-4- ylamino)benzamido)ethyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)butanoic acid. Yield 58%. LCMS (C18 column 20
X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time
1.12 min). MS (ESI) m/z 772.7 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000278_0002
[753] N-((lR)-l-(4-(6-(2-(2-(4-(4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidm-3-yl)-6-fluoro-l,3-dioxoisomdolm-5-yl)piperazin-l- yl)-4-oxobutoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexyloxy)phenyl)ethyl)-3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridm-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-ylamino)benzamide hydrochloride. Yield 27%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.78 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1115.0[MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 11.09 (s, 1H), 9.49 (br, 1H), 8.77-8.75 (m, 2H), 8.43-8.41 (m, 1H), 8.10-7.96 (m, 2H), 7.76 (d, J= 11.3 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J= 10.6 Hz, 1H),7.22 (d, J= 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.13-7.01 (m, 3H), 6.79 (d, J= 8.7 Hz, 2H), 6.44 (br, 2H), 5.12 - 4.98 (m, 2H), 3.90 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.62 (br, 4H), 3.51-3.46 (m, 10H), 3.42-3.35 (m, 6H), 3.28-3.18 (m, 6H), 2.96- 2.78 (m, 5H), 2.64 - 2.56 (m, 2H), 2.42 - 2.31 (m, 4H), 1.98 - 1.92 (m, 1H), 1.77-1.62 (m, 4H), 1.53 - 1.46 (m, 2H), 1.42 - 1.29 (m, 7H).
General Scheme
Figure imgf000279_0001
General Procedure
[754] N-((lR)-l-(4-(6-(2-(2-(4-(4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-5-yl)piperazin-l-yl)-4- oxobutoxy )ethoxy)ethoxy)hexyloxy)phenyl)ethyl)-3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l, 2, 4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-ylamino)benzamide hydrochloride. A mixture of compound 14 (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), compound C (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), TBTU (0.2 mmol, 2 eq), DIPEA (0.4 mmol, 4 eq) and anh. pyridine (3 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 12 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. A solution of the product in CH2Q2 was treated with 3M HC1 in dioxane and stirred for 3 hours and then evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by HPLC in acidic conditions (YMC-Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water- acetonitrile). LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.59 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1083.1[MH]+. 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 10.92 (s, 1H), 9.46 (br, 1H), 8.72-8.70 (br, 2H), 8.462 (br, 1H), 7.99-7.82 (m, 2H), 7.54 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.21-7.02 (m, 8H), 6.81 (d, J= 8.7 Hz, 2H), 6.44 (br, 2H), 5.08 - 4.99 (m, 2H), 4.35-4.19 (m, 2H), 3.88 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.52 - 3.21 (m, 25H), 2.96- 2.78 (m, 5H), 2.64 - 2.56 (m, 2H), 2.42 - 2.31 (m, 4H), 1.98 - 1.92 (m, 1H), 1.77-1.62 (m, 4H), 1.53 - 1.46 (m, 2H), 1.42 - 1.29 (m, 7H).
Figure imgf000280_0001
[755] Compound 10. A solution of compound 9 (1.29 mmol, 1 eq) in CH2CI2 was mixed with DIPEA (1.94 mmol, 1.5 eq) and cooled to 0 °C. 1.55 mmol (1.2 eq) of MsCl was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, washed with water, dried over Na2SC>4 and evaporated. The product was used without purification.
[756] Compound 11. A mixture of compound A (2.5 mmol, 1 eq), compound 10 (2.75 mmol, 1.1 eq), K2CO3 (5.0 mmol, 2 eq) and anh. acetonitrile (50 mL) was stirred and heated under reflux for 12 h, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography using ethyl acetate and hexane (2:1) as an eluent to afford the desired product 11.
[757] Compound 12. A solution of compound 11 (1.2 mmol, 1 eq) in dry DCM (50 mL) with 1.2 ml 3 M HC1 in dioxane (5 eq) were stirred for 24 h at r.t. The mixture was evaporated to dryness to give the crude product 12 which was used in the next step without additional purification.
[758] Compound 13. A mixture of compound 12 (0.75 mmol, 1 eq), compound B (0.75 mmol, 1 eq), HOBt (0.9 mmol, 1.2 eq), EDO (0.9 mmol, 1.2 eq), DIPEA (3.0 mmol, 4 eq) and anh DCM (30 mL) was stirred for 12 h at ambient temperature, washed with water (3*10 ml), brine (2 x 10 mL), dried over Na2SC>4, and concentrated under reduced pressure at ambient temperature. The residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography using chloroform and methanol as an eluent to afford the desired product 13.
[759] Compound 14. To a solution of compound 13 (0.73 mmol, 1 eq) in MeOH (20 mL) was added a solution KOH (2.2 mmol, 3 eq) in 3 mL H2O. The mixture was stirred for 12-36 h at ambient temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was treated with H2O (15 mL), and the mixture was acidified to pH 5 with IN aq. HC1 and extracted with of DCM (4*15 mL). Combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated. The product was used for the next step without additional purification.
[760] Compound 15. A mixture of compound 14 (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), compound C (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), TBTU (0.2 mmol, 2 eq), DIPEA (0.4 mmol, 4 eq) and anh. pyridine (3 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 12 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by HPLC in neutral conditions (YMC- Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-acetonitrile).
[761] A solution of compound 15 in CH2Q2 was treated with 3M HC1 in dioxane and stirred for 3 hours and then evaporated to dryness to give target compound.
Synthesis according to the general procedures
Figure imgf000281_0001
[762] Compound 11. (R)-methyl 4-(2-(2-(6-(3-(l-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)ethyl)phenoxy) hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)butanoate. Yield 86%. Colorless oil 98%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.87 min). MS (ESI) m/z 526.5 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-t/6) 57.30 (d, J= 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H),
6.84-6.82 (m, 2H), 6.74 (dd, J = 7.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 4.56 (m 1H), 3.92 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.57 (s, 3H), 3.38 (t, J
= 6.4 Hz, 4H), 2.33 (t, J= 7.4 Hz, 2H), 1.77-1.66 (m, 4H), 1.54-1.47 (m, 2H), 1.43-1.21 (m, 16H)
Figure imgf000281_0002
[763] Compound 12. (R)-methyl 4-(2-(2-(6-(3-(l-aminoethyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)butanoate hydrochloride. Yield 99%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.13 min). MS (ESI) m/z 426.4 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000281_0003
[764] Compound 13. (R)-tert-butyl 4-(3-(l-(3-(3-oxo-2,7,10,13-tetraoxanonadecan-19- yloxy)phenyl)ethylcarbamoyl)phenylamino)-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine-l- carboxylate. Yield 95%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 %
TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.46 min). MS (ESI) m/z 873.0 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000281_0004
[765] Compound 14. (R)-4-(2-(2-(6-(3-(l-(3-(l-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-ylamino)benzamido)ethyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)butanoic acid. Yield 81%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.37 min). MS (ESI) m/z 858.8 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000282_0001
[766] Compound 15. tert-butyl 4-(3-((lR)-l-(3-(6-(2-(2-(4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolm-4- ylamino )-4-oxobutoxy )ethoxy )ethoxy )hexyloxy)phenyl )ethylcarbamoyl )phenylamino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H- l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 5.50 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1100.1 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000282_0002
[767] N-((1R )-!-( 3-( 6-(2-( 2-(4-( 2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolin-4-ylamino )-4- oxobutoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexyloxy)phenyl)ethyl)-3-(4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin-4- y lamina )benzamide hydrochloride. LCMS (Cl 8 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.41 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1000.2[MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 11.01 (s, 1H), 9.77 (s, 1H), 8.76(d, J= 6.1 Hz, 2H), 8.62 (br, 1H), 8.52 - 8.49 (m, 2H), 8.04(br, 2H), 7.82 (d, J= 6.1 Hz, 1H), 7.51 - 7.46 (m, 2H), 7.17 - 7.06 (m, 4H), 6.89 - 6.85 (m, 2H), 6.73 (dd, J= 8.2, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 6.48 (br.s, 2H), 5.14 (dd, J= 13.2, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 5.07 - 5.00 (m, 1H), 4.42- 4.31 (m, 2H), 3.89 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.52 - 3.42 (m, 9H), 3.36 (t, J= 6.1 Hz, 4H), 3.25(br, 4H), 2.95 - 2.87 (m, 1H), 2.67 - 2.54 (m, 4H), 2.44 - 2.32 (m, 4H), 2.05-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.86 - 1.79 (m, 2H), 1.70 - 1.64 (m, 2H), 1.51 - 1.45 (m, 2H), 1.42 - 1.31 (m, 7H). General Scheme
Figure imgf000283_0001
General procedures
[768] Compound 15. A mixture of compound 14 (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), compound C (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), TBTU (0.2 mmol, 2 eq), DIPEA (0.4 mmol, 4 eq) and anh. pyridine (3 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 12 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by HPLC in neutral conditions (YMC- Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-acetonitrile).
[769] A solution of compound 15 in CH2Q2 was treated with 3M HC1 in dioxane and stirred for 3 hours and then evaporated to dryness to give target compound.
Synthesis according to the general procedures
Figure imgf000283_0002
[770] Compound 15. tert-butyl 4-((3-(((lR)-l-(3-((6-(2-(2-(4-(4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin- 5-yl )piperazin-l-yl )-4-oxobutoxy )ethoxy )ethoxy )hexyl )oxy )phenyl )ethyl ) carbamoyl )phenyl )amino )-4-(5- (pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate. Yield 41%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 5.51 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1169.7 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000283_0003
[771] N-((1R )-!-( 3-( (6-(2-( 2-(4-( 4-( 2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolin-5-yl )piperazin-l-yl )-4- oxobutoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexyl)oxy)phenyl)ethyl)-3-((4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin-4- yl)amino)benzamide hydrochloride. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.65 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1069.3[MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-t/6) 5 14.46 (bs, 1H), 10.92 (s, 1H), 8.74 (m, 2H), 8.61 (bs, 1H), 8.47 (m, 2H), 8.01 (bs, 2H), 7.53 (d, J= 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (m, 6H), 6.87 (m, 2H), 6.74 (d, J= 8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.47 (bs, 2H), 5.03 (m, 2H), 4.27 (m, 2H), 3.90 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 3H), 3.49 (m, 10H), 3.38 (m, 6H), 3.29 (m, 8H), 2.89 (m, 1H), 2.60 (m, 1H), 2.38 (m, 6H), 1.96 (m, 1H), 1.70 (m, 4H), 1.49 (m, 2H), 1.36 (m, 7H).
General Scheme
Figure imgf000284_0001
General procedure
[772] Compound 15. A mixture of compound 14 (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), compound C (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), TBTU (0.2 mmol, 2 eq), DIPEA (0.4 mmol, 4 eq) and anh. pyridine (3 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 12 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by HPLC in neutral conditions (YMC- Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-acetonitrile).
[773] A solution of compound 15 in CH2Q2 was treated with 3M HC1 in dioxane and stirred for 3 hours and then evaporated to dryness to give target compound.
Synthesis according to the general procedures
Figure imgf000284_0002
[774] Compound 15. Tert-butyl 4-((3-(((lR)-l-(3-((6-(2-(2-(4-(4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-l,3- dioxoisoindolin-5-yl )piperazin-l-yl )-4-oxobutoxy )ethoxy )ethoxy )hexyl )oxy )phenyl )ethyl ) carbamoyl )phenyl )amino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H- 1 ,2,4 -triazol- 3 -yl )piperidine-l -carboxylate. Yield 43% . LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 5.99 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1201.4 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000285_0001
[775] N-((1R )-!-( 3-( (6-(2-( 2-(4-( 4-( 2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-6-fluoro-l, 3-dioxoisoindolin-5-yl )piperazin-l - yl )-4-oxobutoxy )ethoxy )ethoxy )hexyl )oxy )phenyl )ethyl )-3-((4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin- 4-yl)amino)benzamide hydrochloride. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.91 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1101.2[MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-76) 5 14.43 (bs, 1H), 11.09 (s, 1H), 8.73 (m, 2H), 8.59 (bs, 1H), 8.47 (m, 2H), 8.00 (bs, 2H), 7.74 (d, J= 11.3 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (m, 4H), 6.87 (m, 2H), 6.73 (m, 1H), 6.47 (bs, 2H), 5.10 (dd, J= 12.9, 5.4 Hz, 1H), 5.04 (m, 1H), 3.90 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.61 (s, 8H), 3.38 (m, 6H), 3.23 (m, 10H), 2.88 (m, 1H), 2.59 (m, 1H), 2.38 (t, J= 7.3 Hz, 7H), 2.03 (m, 1H), 1.70 (m, 4H), 1.49 (p, 7 = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.38 (m, 7H).
General Scheme
Figure imgf000285_0002
General procedures
[776] Compound 13. A mixture of compound 12 (or enantiomer) (0.75 mmol, 1 eq), compound B (0.75 mmol, 1 eq), HOBt (0.9 mmol, 1.2 eq), EDO (0.9 mmol, 1.2 eq), DIPEA (3.0 mmol, 4 eq), and anh DCM (30 mL) was stirred for 12 h at ambient temperature, washed with water (3*10 ml), brine (2 x 10 mL), dried over NazSCH, and concentrated under reduced pressure at ambient temperature. The residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography using chloroform and methanol as an eluent to afford the desired product 13 (or enantiomer).
[777] Compound 14. To a solution of compound 13 (or enantiomer) (0.73 mmol, 1 eq) in MeOH (20 mL) was added a solution KOH (2.2 mmol, 3 eq) in 3 mL H2O. The mixture was stirred for 12-36 h at ambient temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was treated with H2O (15 mL), and the mixture was acidified to pH 5 with IN aq. HC1 and extracted with of DCM (4*15 mL). Combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated. The product was used for the next step without additional purification. [778] A mixture of compound 14 (or enantiomer) (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), compound C (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), TBTU (0.2 mmol, 2 eq), DIPEA (0.4 mmol, 4 eq), and anh. pyridine (3 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 12 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. Residue was treated with 3M HCI in dioxane and stirred for 3 hours and then evaporated to dryness to give target compound. The residue was purified by HPLC in neutral conditions (YMC-Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-ace tonitrile).
Syntheses according to the general procedures
Figure imgf000286_0001
[779] Compound 13. (R)-methyl 4-(2-(2-(6-(3-(l-(3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-ylamino)benzamido)ethyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)butanoate. Yield 95%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.17min). MS (ESI) m/z 786.7[MH]+.
Figure imgf000286_0002
[780] Compound 14. (R )-4-( 2-(2-(6-(3-(l-( 3-(l-methyl-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4- ylamino)benzamido)ethyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)butanoic acid. Yield 81%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.13 min). MS (ESI) m/z 772.7[MH]+.
Figure imgf000286_0003
[781] N-((1R )-!-( 3-( 6-(2-( 2-(4-( 2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolin-4-ylamino )-4- oxobutoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexyloxy)phenyl)ethyl)-3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-ylamino)benzamide hydrochloride. Yield 38%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.43 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1015.0[MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 10.98 (s, 1H), 9.77 (s, 1H), 9.52 (br, 1H), 8.77 - 8.75 (m, 2H), 8.50 - 8.48 (m, 1H), 8.11 - 8.03 ( br, 2H), 7.82 (d, J= 6.1 Hz, 1H), 7.51 - 7.45 (m, 2H), 7.18 - 7.05 (m, 4H), 6.88 - 6.85 (m, 2H), 6.74 (d, J= 8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.46 (br, 2H), 5.16 (dd, J = 13.2, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 5.05 - 5.02 (m, 1H), 4.41-4.30 (m, 2H), 3.89 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.50-3.42 (m, 11H), 3.35 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.31-3.22(m, 2H), 2.99 - 2.77 (m, 5H), 2.64 - 2.54 (m, 4H), 2.43 - 2.29 (m, 4H), 2.17 - 2.10 (m, 1H), 2.05 - 1.99 (m, 1H), 1.85-1.79 (m, 2H), 1.70 - 1.63(m, 2H), 1.52 - 1.46(m, 2H), 1.42-1.28 (m, 7H).
Figure imgf000287_0001
[782] Compound 13. (S)-methyl 4-(2-(2-(6-(3-(l-(3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-ylamino)benzamido)ethyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)butanoate. Yield 95%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.17min). MS (ESI) m/z 786.7[MH]+.
Figure imgf000287_0002
[783] Compound 14. ( S )-4-( 2-(2-(6-(3-(l-( 3-(l-methyl-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4- ylamino)benzamido)ethyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)butanoic acid. Yield 81%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.13 min). MS (ESI) m/z 772.7[MH]+.
Figure imgf000287_0003
[784] N-((lS)-l-( 3-( 6-(2-( 2-(4-( 2-( 2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolm-4-ylammo )-4- oxobutoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexyloxy)phenyl)ethyl)-3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-ylamino)benzamide hydrochloride. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.43 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1015.0[MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 10.98 (s, 1H), 9.77 (s, 1H), 9.52 (br, 1H), 8.77 - 8.75 (m, 2H), 8.50 - 8.48 (m, 1H), 8.11 - 8.03 ( br, 2H), 7.82 (d, J= 6.1 Hz, 1H), 7.51 - 7.45 (m, 2H), 7.18 - 7.05 (m, 4H), 6.88 - 6.85 (m, 2H), 6.74 (d, J= 8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.46 (br, 2H), 5.16 (dd, J= 13.2, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 5.05 - 5.02 (m, 1H), 4.41-4.30 (m, 2H), 3.89 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.50-3.42 (m, 11H), 3.35 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.31- 3.22(m, 2H), 2.99 - 2.77 (m, 5H), 2.64 - 2.54 (m, 4H), 2.43 - 2.29 (m, 4H), 2.17 - 2.10 (m, 1H), 2.05 - 1.99 (m, 1H), 1.85-1.79 (m, 2H), 1.70 - 1.63(m, 2H), 1.52 - 1.46(m, 2H), 1.42-1.28 (m, 7H). General Scheme
Figure imgf000288_0001
General Procedure
[785] N-((1R )-!-( 3-( (6-(2-( 2-(4-( 4-( 2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-6-fluoro-l, 3-dioxoisoindolin-5-yl )piperazin-l- yl)-4-oxobutoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexyl)oxy)phenyl)ethyl)-3-((l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-yl)amino)benzamide hydrochloride. A mixture of compound 14 (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), compound C (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), TBTU (0.2 mmol, 2 eq), DIPEA (0.4 mmol, 4 eq), and anh. pyridine (3 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 12 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. Residue was treated with 3M HC1 in dioxane and stirred for 3 hours and then evaporated to dryness to give target compound. The residue was purified by HPLC in neutral conditions (YMC-Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water- acetonitrile). Yield 85%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.86 min). MS (ESI) m/z HU.StMHJ+.’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-t/6) 5 14.40 (bs, 1H), 11.09 (s, 1H), 9.47 (bs, 1H), 8.71 (s, 2H), 8.47 (m, 1H), 7.94 (bs, 2H), 7.74 (d, J= 11.3 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (d, J= 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (m, 4H), 6.87 (m, 2H), 6.74 (dd, J = 8.2, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.44 (bs, 2H), 5.10 (dd, J = 12.8, 5.4 Hz, 1H), 5.04 (m, 1H), 3.90 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.61 (s, 6H), 3.50 (m, 6H), 3.38 (m, 4H), 3.23 (m, 8H), 2.83 (m, 5H), 2.59 (m, 1H), 2.38 (m, 5H), 2.05 (m, 2H), 1.71 (m, 4H), 1.49 (p, J= 6.9 Hz, 2H), 1.36 (m, 7H).
Synthetic Example S10
General Scheme
Figure imgf000288_0002
General Procedures
[786] Compound 2. A mixture of compounds 1 (65.8 g, 631 mmol, 4 eq), benzyl chloride (20.0 g, 158 mmol, 1 eq.), TBAB (0.2 g) and 50% aqua solution of NaOH (25.3 g, 631 mmol, 1 eq) was stirred at 100°C for 12 h before been poured in water (200 ml). The product was extracted with Et O (3x150 ml), the organic layers were dried over NazSCL, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel, using hexane/EtOAc 1:1 as eluent, to provide the product 2. Yield 85%. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 57.36-7.27 (m, 5H), 4.43 (s, 2H), 4.33 (t, 7=4.3 Hz, 1H), 3.42-3.37(m, 4H), 1.56 - 1.49 (m, 2H), 1.44- 1.37 (m, 2H), 1.35 - 1.25 (m, 4H).
[787] Compound 3. Solution of compound 2 (15.8 g, 75.85 mmol) in CH2CI2 was mixed with 19.8 mL of DIPEA (113.77 mmol) and cooled to 0°C. 10.42 g of MsCl was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, washed with water, dried over NazSCL and evaporated. The product was used without purification. Yield 21.9 g (98%). 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de) 5 7.36-7.27 (m, 5H), 4.44 (s, 2H), 4.19(t, J= 6.2 Hz, 2H), 3.42(t, 7 =6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.15 (s, 3H), 1.69 - 1.62 (m, 2H), 1.56- 1.51 (m, 2H), 1.41 - 1.30 (m, 4H).
[788] Compound 4. An oven-dried 500 mL flask with stirrer was charged with sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 7.5 g, 187 mmol). The flask was sealed with a septum, evacuated and back-filled with argon (3 times). Anhydrous DMF (100 mL) followed by diethylene glycol (24.1 g, 227.5 mmol) were added and the reaction mixture stirred at 25 °C for 2 hr. Solution of 5- benzyloxyhexthyl 4-methanesulfonate 3 (21.7 g, 75.8 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (200 mL) was added to the mixture. The solution was warmed to 50 °C and stirred for 18 hr before been cooled to r.t. and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between H2O (400 mL) and Et2O (500 mL). The organic layer was dried over NazSCL and concentrated in vacuo. The crude yellow oil was then purified by flash chromatography (200 g SiCL. EtOAc and hexane (50/50)) providing compound 4 (8.5 g, 38% yield) as viscous oil. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de) 57.36-7.27 (m, 5H), 4.55 (t, 7 = 5.5 Hz, 1H), 4.44 (s, 2H), 3.51-3.45 (m, 6H), 3.42-3.39 (m, 4H), 3.36 (t, 7 = 6.6 Hz, 2H), 1.55-1.46 (m, 4H), 1.33-1.27 (m, 4H).
[789] Compound 5 To a solution of 15.5 g of compound 4 (52.4 mmol) and 10.0 g of t-buthyl actylate (78.7 mmol) in THF catalytic amount of NaH was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours before been evaporated. The product was purified by column chromatography (hexane-Et2O, 5 to 1 ratio). Yield 17.2 g (77%). ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 57.36-7.27 (m, 5H), 4.43 (s, 2H), 3.58 (t, J = 6.2 Hz, 2H), 3.48-3.35(m, 12H), 2.40 (t, J = 6.2 Hz, 2H), 1.55-1.485 (m, 4H), 1.39 (s, 9H), 1.33-1.27 (m, 4H).
[790] Compound 6. H2 gas was passed through a mixture of compound 5 (17.2 g, 40.6 mmol) and 10% Pd/C (2.15 g) in EtOH (50 ml) at r.t. for 12 h. The powder of Pd/C was filtered, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to provide the product 6. Yield: 13 g (95%). 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de) 54.30 (t, 7 = 5.1 Hz, 1H), 3.58 (t, J = 6.2 Hz 2H), 3.49-3.45(m, 8H), 3.38-3.34 (m, 4H), 2.41 (t, 7 = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.50-1.38 (m, 13H), 1.28-1.26 (m, 4H) General Scheme
Figure imgf000290_0001
General procedure
[791] Compound 7. A solution of compound 6 (1.29 mmol, 1 eq) in CH2CI2 was mixed with DIPEA (1.94 mmol, 1.5 eq) and cooled to 0 °C. 1.55 mmol (1.2 eq) of MsCl was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, washed with water, dried over Na2SC>4 and evaporated. The product was used without purification.
[792] Compound 8. A mixture of compound A (2.5 mmol, 1 eq), compound 7 (2.75 mmol, 1.1 eq), K2CO3 (5.0 mmol, 2 eq) and anh. acetonitrile (50 mL) was stirred and heated under reflux for 12 h, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography using ethyl acetate and hexane (2:1) as an eluent to afford the desired product 8.
[793] Compound 9. A solution of compound 8 (1.2 mmol, 1 eq) in dry DCM (50 mL) with 1.2 ml 3 M HC1 in dioxane (5 eq) were stirred for 24 h at r.t. The mixture was evaporated to dryness to give the crude product 12 which was used in the next step without additional purification.
[794] Compound 10. To a solution of compound 9 (1.5 mmol, 1 eq) in dry methanol (50 mL) 0.35 mL of SOC12 (4.64 mmol) was added. Reaction mixture was stirred for 4 h at r.t. The mixture was evaporated to dryness to give the crude product 10 which was used in the next step without additional purification.
[795] Compound 11. A mixture of compound 10 (0.75 mmol, 1 eq), compound B (0.75 mmol, 1 eq), HOBt (0.9 mmol, 1.2 eq), EDO (0.9 mmol, 1.2 eq), DIPEA (3.0 mmol, 4 eq) and anh DCM (30 mL) was stirred for 12 h at ambient temperature, washed with water (3*10 ml), brine (2 x 10 mL), dried over Na2SC>4, and concentrated under reduced pressure at ambient temperature. The residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography using chloroform and methanol as an eluent to afford the desired product 11.
[796] Compound 12. To a solution of compound 11 (0.73 mmol, 1 eq) in MeOH (20 mL) was added a solution KOH (2.2 mmol, 3 eq) in 3 mL H2O. The mixture was stirred for 12-36 h at ambient temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was treated with H2O (15 mL), and the mixture was acidified to pH 5 with IN aq. HC1 and extracted with of DCM (4*15 mL). Combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over NazSCC and evaporated. The product was used for the next step without additional purification.
[797] Compound 13. A mixture of compound 12 (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), compound C (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), TBTU (0.2 mmol, 2 eq), DIPEA (0.4 mmol, 4 eq), and anh. pyridine (3 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 12 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by HPLC in neutral conditions (YMC- Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-acetonitrile).
[798] A solution of compound 13 in CH2Q2 was treated with 3M HC1 in dioxane and stirred for 3 hours and then evaporated to dryness to give target compound.
Syntheses according to the general procedures
Figure imgf000291_0003
[800] Compound s. (R)-tert-butyl 3-(2-(2-(6-(3-(l-(tert- butoxycarbonylamino)ethyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)propanoate. Colorless oil 63 %. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 2.12 min). MS (ESI) m/z 554.6 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 57.27 (d, J= 8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (t, J= 8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.85-6.82 (m, 2H), 6.4 J(dd, J = 7.4, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 4.56 (m 1H), 3.91 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.58 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.49-3.45 (m, 8H), 3.37 (t, J= 7.4 Hz, 2H), 2.40 (t, J= 7.4 Hz, 2H), 1.71- 1.65 (m, 2H), 1.52-1.47 (m, 2H), 1.47-1.25 (m, 25H)
Figure imgf000291_0001
[801] Compound 9. ((R)-3-(2-(2-(6-(3-(l-aminoethyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)propanoic acid hydrochloride. Yield 99%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 0.99 min). MS (ESI) m/z 398.4 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000291_0002
[802] Compound 10. (R)-methyl 3-(2-(2-(6-(3-(l-aminoethyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)propanoate hydrochloride. Yield 99%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.17 min). MS (ESI) m/z 412.6[MH]+.
Figure imgf000292_0001
[803] Compound 11. (R)-tert-butyl 4-(3-(l-(3-(3-oxo-2,6,9,12-tetraoxaoctadecan-18- yloxy)phenyl)ethylcarbamoyl)phenylamino)-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine-l- carboxylate. Yield 74%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.47 min). MS (ESI) m/z 858.8 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000292_0002
[804] Compound 12. (R )-3-( 2-(2-(6-(3-(l-(3-(l-( tert-butoxycarbonyl )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-ylamino)benzamido)ethyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)propanoic acid. Yield 87%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.33 min). MS (ESI) m/z 844.8 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000292_0003
dioxoisoindolin-5-yl )piperazin-l -yl )-3 -oxopropoxy )ethoxy )ethoxy )hexyloxy )phenyl ) ethylcarbamoyl)phenylamino)-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine-l -carboxylate. Yield 53%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 5.43 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1154.9[MH]+.
Figure imgf000292_0004
[806] CYG-N -7438-100-1. N-( ( 1R )-!-( 3-( 6-( 2-(2-( 3-(4-( 2-(2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l-oxoisoindolin-5- yl)piperazin-l-yl)-3-oxopropoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexyloxy)phenyl)ethyl)-3-(4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4- triazol-3-yl)piperidin-4-ylamino)benzamide hydrochloride. Yield 98%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.50 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1055.6[MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 10.91 (s, 1H), 9.18 (br, 1H), 9.05 (br, 1H), 8.91 (d, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 8.50 (d, J= 8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.39 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 2H), 7.53 (d, J= 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.19- 7.04 (m, 6H), 6.89-6.86 (m, 2H), 6.74 (dd, J= 8.1, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (d, J= 8.9 Hz, 1H), 5.06-5.00 (m, 2H), 4.35-4.31 (m, 2H), 3.89 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.62 (br, 4H), 3.51 - 3.46 (m, 14H), 3.42-3.35 (m, 4H), 3.25 (br, 4H), 2.94 - 2.85 (m, 1H), 2.67 - 2.57 (m, 4H), 2.41 - 2.32 (m, 2H), 1.99 - 1.92 (m, 1H), 1.69 - 1.63 (m, 2H), 1.51 - 1.44 (m, 2H), 1.41 - 1.27 (m, 9H).
General Scheme
Figure imgf000293_0001
General procedures
[807] Compound 13. A mixture of compound 12 (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), compound C (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), TBTU (0.2 mmol, 2 eq), DIPEA (0.4 mmol, 4 eq), and anh. pyridine (3 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 12 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by HPLC in neutral conditions (YMC- Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-acetonitrile).
[808] A solution of compound 13 in CH2Q2 was treated with 3M HC1 in dioxane and stirred for 3 hours and then evaporated to dryness to give target compound.
Figure imgf000293_0002
[809] Compound 13. tert-butyl 4-(3-((lR)-l-(3-(6-(2-(2-(3-(4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-l,3- dioxoisoindolin-5-yl )piperazin-l -yl )-3 -oxopropoxy )ethoxy )ethoxy )hexyloxy )phenyl ) ethylcarbamoyl)phenylamino)-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine-l -carboxylate. Yield 36%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 5.90 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1187.2[MH]+.
Figure imgf000294_0001
[810] N-((lR)-l-(3-(6-(2-(2-(3-(4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-l,3-dioxoisoindolin-5-yl)piperazin-l- yl)-3-oxopropoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexyloxy)phenyl)ethyl)-3-(4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidm-
4-ylamino)benzamide hydrochloride. Yield 98%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.80 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1086.8[MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 11.08 (s, 1H), 9.07 (br, 1H), 8.94 - 8.86 (m, 3H), 8.48 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.28 (br, 2H), 7.75 (d, J= 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.18 - 7.04 (m, 4H), 6.89-6.86 (m, 2H), 6.75 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.51 (d, J= 7.2 Hz, 1H), 5.12-5.00 (m, 2H), 3.90 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.62 (br, 4H), 3.51 - 3.46 (m, 15H), 3.35 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.25 (br, 6H), 2.93 - 2.83 (m, 1H), 2.67 - 2.57 (m, 4H), 2.40 - 2.33 (m, 2H), 2.06 - 2.00 (m, 1H), 1.70 - 1.64 (m, 2H), 1.52 - 1.42 (m, 2H), 1.42 - 1.28 (m, 8H).
General Scheme
Figure imgf000294_0002
General procedures
[811] Compound 7. Solution of compound 6 (1.29 mmol, 1 eq) in CH2CI2 was mixed with DIPEA (1.94 mmol, 1.5 eq) and cooled to 0 °C. 1.55 mmol (1.2 eq) of MsCl was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, washed with water, dried over Na2SC>4 and evaporated. The product was used without purification.
[812] Compound 8. A mixture of compound A (2.5 mmol, 1 eq), compound 7 (2.75 mmol, 1.1 eq), K2CO3 (5.0 mmol, 2 eq) and anh. acetonitrile (50 mL) was stirred and heated under reflux for 12 h, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography using ethyl acetate and hexane (2:1) as an eluent to afford the desired product 8.
[813] Compound 9. A solution of compound 8 (1.2 mmol, 1 eq) in dry DCM (50 mL) with 1.2 ml 3 M HC1 in dioxane (5 eq) were stirred for 24 h at r.t. The mixture was evaporated to dryness to give the crude product 12 which was used in the next step without additional purification.
[814] Compound 10. To a solution of compound 9 (1.5 mmol, 1 eq) in dry methanol (50 mL) 0.35 mL of SOC12 (4.64 mmol) was added. Reaction mixture was stirred for 4 h at r.t. The mixture was evaporated to dryness to give the crude product 10 which was used in the next step without additional purification.
[815] Compound 11. A mixture of compound 10 (0.75 mmol, 1 eq), compound B (0.75 mmol, 1 eq), HOBt (0.9 mmol, 1.2 eq), EDO (0.9 mmol, 1.2 eq), DIPEA (3.0 mmol, 4 eq), and anh DCM (30 mL) was stirred for 12 h at ambient temperature, washed with water (3*10 ml), brine (2 x 10 mL), dried over NazSCL, and concentrated under reduced pressure at ambient temperature. The residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography using chloroform and methanol as an eluent to afford the desired product 11.
[816] Compound 12. To a solution of compound 11 (0.73 mmol, 1 eq) in MeOH (20 mL) was added a solution KOH (2.2 mmol, 3 eq) in 3 mL H2O. The mixture was stirred for 12-36 h at ambient temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was treated with H2O (15 mL), and the mixture was acidified to pH 5 with IN aq. HC1 and extracted with of DCM (4*15 mL). Combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated. The product was used for the next step without additional purification.
[817] Compound 13. A mixture of compound 12 (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), compound C (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), TBTU (0.2 mmol, 2 eq), DIPEA (0.4 mmol, 4 eq), and anh. pyridine (3 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 12 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by HPLC in neutral conditions (YMC- Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-acetonitrile).
[818] Solution of compound 13 in CH2Q2 was treated with 3M HC1 in dioxane and stirred for 3 hours and then evaporated to dryness to give target compound.
Synthesis according to the general procedures
Figure imgf000295_0001
[820] Compound 8. (R)-tert-butyl 3-(2-(2-(6-(4-(l-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)ethyl)phenoxy) hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)propanoate. Colorless oil 55%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 2.12 min). MS (ESI) m/z 554.5 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 5 7.25 (d, J= 8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (d, J= 8.6 Hz, 2H), 6.83(d, J= 8.6 Hz, 2H 2H), 4.56 (m 1H), 3.91 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.58 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.49-3.45 (m, 8H), 3.37 (t, J=
7.4 Hz, 2H), 2.40 (t, J= 7.4 Hz, 2H), 1.71-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.52-1.47 (m, 2H), 1.47-1.25 (m, 25H).
Figure imgf000296_0001
[821] Compound 9. (R)-3-(2-(2-(6-(4-(l-aminoethyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)propanoic acid hydrochloride. Yield 99%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.07 min). MS (ESI) m/z 398.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000296_0002
[822] Compound 10. (R)-methyl 3-(2-(2-(6-(4-(l-aminoethyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)propanoate hydrochloride. Yield 99%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.14 min). MS (ESI) m/z 412.8[MH]+.
Figure imgf000296_0003
[823] Compound 11. (R)-tert-butyl 4-(3-(l-(4-(3-oxo-2,6,9,12-tetraoxaoctadecan-18- yloxy)phenyl)ethylcarbamoyl)phenylamino)-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)cyclohexanecarboxylate.
Yield 65%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient
5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.47 min). MS (ESI) m/z 858.8 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000296_0004
[824] Compound 13. tert-butyl 4-((3-(((lR)-l-(3-((6-(2-(2-(3-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-4- yl )amino )-3-oxopropoxy )ethoxy )ethoxy )hexyl )oxy )phenyl )ethyl ) carbamoyl )phenyl )amino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )- 4H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine-I -carboxylate. Yield 33%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 5.58 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1085.9[MH]+.
Figure imgf000297_0001
[825] N-((1R )-!-( 3-( (6-(2-(2-( 3-( (2-(2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolin-4-yl )amino )-3- oxopropoxy )ethoxy )ethoxy)hexyl )oxy)phenyl )ethyl )-3-( ( 4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4- yl)amino)benzamide hydrochloride. Yield 98%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.35 min). MS (ESI) m/z 985.9[MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-t 6) 5 14.45 (bs, 1H), 11.00 (s, 1H), 9.81 (s, 1H), 8.74 (d, J= 5.2 Hz, 2H), 8.60 (bs, 1H), 8.48 (m, 2H), 8.02 (bs, 2H), 7.82 (d, J= 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (m, 2H), 7.14 (m, 4H), 6.87 (m, 2H), 6.74 (d, J= 8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.47 (bs, 2H), 5.14 (dd, J= 13.3, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 5.04 (m, 1H), 4.33 (m, 2H), 3.90 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.71 (t, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.49 (m, 6H), 3.42 (m, 2H), 3.33 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.25 (s, 4H), 2.90 (m, 1H), 2.60 (m, 3H), 2.36 (m, 5H), 2.03 (m, 1H), 1.66 (m, 2H), 1.46 (p, J= 6.6 Hz, 2H), 1.35 (m,
Figure imgf000297_0002
[826] N-((1R )-l-(4-( 6-(2-(2-( 3-( 2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolm-4-ylammo )-3- oxopropoxy )ethoxy )ethoxy)hexyloxy)phenyl )ethyl )-3-(4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4- ylamino)benzamide hydrochloride. Yield 98%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.53 min). MS (ESI) m/z 985.8[MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 11.01 (s, 1H), 9.86 (s, 1H), 9.08(br, 1H), 8.95 - 8.88 (m, 3H), 8.47 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.29 (br, 2H), 7.81 (d, J= 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.52-7.46 (m, 2H), 7.23 (d, J= 8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.12 - 7.04 (m, 3H), 6.82 (d, J= 8.6 Hz, 2H), 6.50 (d, J= 8.8 Hz, 1H), 5.15 (dd, J= 13.2, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 5.05 - 4.98 (m, 1H), 4.42-4.30 (m, 2H), 3.88 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.72 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.51 - 3.46 (m, 9H), 3.33 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.25 (br, 3H), 2.97 - 2.87 (m, 1H), 2.67 - 2.56 (m, 4H), 2.41 - 2.31 (m, 3H), 2.06 - 2.00 (m, 1H), 1.69 - 1.63 (m, 2H), 1.49 - 1.27 (m, 12H). General Scheme
Figure imgf000298_0001
General procedure
[827] Compound 13. A mixture of compound 12 (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), compound C (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), TBTU (0.2 mmol, 2 eq), DIPEA (0.4 mmol, 4 eq), and anh. pyridine (3 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 12 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by HPLC in neutral conditions (YMC- Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-acetonitrile).
[828] A solution of compound 13 in CH2Q2 was treated with 3M HC1 in dioxane and stirred for 3 hours and then evaporated to dryness to give target compound.
Figure imgf000298_0002
[829] Compound 13. tert-butyl 4-(3-((lR)-l-(4-(6-(2-(2-(3-(4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-l,3- dioxoisoindolin-5-yl )piperazin-l-yl )-3 -oxopropoxy )ethoxy )ethoxy )hexyloxy )phenyl ) ethylcarbamoyl)phenylamino)-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine-l -carboxylate. Yield 36%.
LCMS (Cl 8 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 5.78 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1187.4[MH]+.
Figure imgf000298_0003
[830] N-((lR)-l-(4-(6-(2-(2-(3-(4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-l,3-dioxoisoindolin-5-yl)piperazin-l- yl)-3-oxopropoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexyloxy)phenyl)ethyl)-3-(4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin- 4-ylamino)benzamide hydrochloride. Yield 98%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.83 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1086.9[MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 11.09 (s, 1H), 9.13 (br, 1H), 8.94 - 8.88 (m, 3H), 8.45 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.33 (br, 2H), 7.74 (d, J= 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.23(d, J= 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.12 - 7.03 (m, 3H), 6.82 (d, J= 8.6 Hz, 2H), 6.50 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 5.11 (dd, J = 13.2, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 5.06 - 4.98 (m, 1H), 3.89 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.62 (br, 4H), 3.51 - 3.46 (m, 12H), 3.42-3.35 (m, 4H), 3.25 (br, 8H), 2.93 - 2.83 (m, 1H), 2.67 - 2.57 (m, 4H), 2.41 - 2.32 (m, 2H), 2.07 - 2.00 (m, 1H), 1.70 - 1.63 (m, 2H), 1.52 - 1.45 (m, 2H), 1.42 - 1.28 (m, 7H).
General Scheme
Figure imgf000299_0001
General procedure
[831] Compound 13. A mixture of compound 12 (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), compound C (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), TBTU (0.2 mmol, 2 eq), DIPEA (0.4 mmol, 4 eq), and anh. pyridine (3 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 12 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by HPLC in neutral conditions (YMC- Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-acetonitrile).
[832] A solution of compound 13 in CH2Q2 was treated with 3M HC1 in dioxane and stirred for 3 hours and then evaporated to dryness to give target compound.
Figure imgf000299_0002
[833] Compound 13. tert-butyl 4-( 3-((lR )-l-(4-( 6-(2-(2-( 3-( 4-(2-( 2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolin-5- yl )piperazin-l-yl )-3-oxopropoxy )ethoxy )ethoxy )hexyloxy )phenyl ) ethylcarbamoyl )phenylamino )-4-( 5-(pyridin- 4-yl)-4H-l ,2, 4-triazol-3-yl)piperidine-l -carboxylate. Yield 36%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 5.36 min). MS
(ESI) m/z 1154.8[MH]+.
Figure imgf000300_0001
[834] N-((lR)-l-(4-(6-(2-(2-(3-(4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolm-5-yl)piperazm-l-yl)-3- oxopropoxy )ethoxy )ethoxy)hexyloxy)phenyl )ethyl )-3-(4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4- ylamino)benzamide hydrochloride. Yield 98%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.25 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1054.8[MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 10.93 (s, 1H), 9.16 (br, 1H), 9.02 (br, 1H), 8.92-8.91 (m, 3H), 8.48 (d, J= 8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.38 (br, 2H), 8.04 (t, 1H), 7.53 (d, J= 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.23(d, J= 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.13- 7.03 (m, 5H), 6.82 (d, J= 8.6 Hz, 2H), 6.50 (d, J= 8.8 Hz, 1H), 5.06-5.00 (m, 2H), 4.35-4.31 (m, 2H), 3.89 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.62 (br, 4H), 3.51 - 3.46 (m, 12H), 3.42-3.35 (m, 4H), 3.25 (br, 4H), 2.94 - 2.85 (m, 1H), 2.67 - 2.57 (m, 4H), 2.41 - 2.32 (m, 2H), 1.99 - 1.92 (m, 1H), 1.69 - 1.63 (m, 2H), 1.51 - 1.44 (m, 2H),
1.41 - 1.27 (m, 9H).
General Scheme
Figure imgf000300_0002
General Procedures
[835] Compound 8. (R)-tert-butyl 3-(2-(2-((6-(3-(l-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)ethyl)phenoxy) hexyl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)propanoate. A mixture of compound A (1.27 g, 5.33 mmol, 1 eq), compound 7 (2.42 g, 5.86 mmol, 1.1 eq), K2CO3 (3.68g, 26.67 mmol, 2 eq) and anh. acetonitrile (150 mL) was stirred and heated under reflux for 12 h, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography using chloroform and methanol (80:1) as an eluent to afford 2.27g (70%) of the desired product 8. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 2.30 min). MS (ESI) m/z 554.8 [MH]+. 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 57.29 (br, 1H), 7.18 (t, J= 8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.85-6.82 (m, 2H), 6.74 (dd, J = 8.3, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 4.58-4.53 (m, 1H), 3.92 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.58 (t, J = 6.2 Hz, 2H), 3.51-3.45 (m, 8H), 3.38 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 2H), 2.40 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 1.73-1.66 (m, 2H), 1.54-1.47 (m, 2H), 1.47-1.25 (m, 25H).
[836] Compound 9. (R)-3-(2-(2-((6-(3-(l-aminoethyl)phenoxy)hexyl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)propanoic acid hydrochloride. A 3M solution of HC1 (13.6 mL) in dioxane (10 eq) was added to a stirred solution of compound 8 (2.27 g, 4.10 mmol, 1 eq) in anh. DCM (50 mL). The mixture was stirred for 24 h at r.t. and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford crude product 9 that was used for the next step without additional purification. Yield 1.76 g (99%). LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.06 min). MS (ESI) m/z 398.4 [MH]+. 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 5 8.50 (br, 3H), 7.30 (t, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (s, 1H), 7.04 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.91(d, J= 8.3 Hz, 1H), 4.36-4.30 (m, 1H), 3.96 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.59 (t, J= 6.2 Hz, 2H), 3.51-3.45 (m, 8H), 3.38 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 2H), 2.43 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 1.74-1.67 (m, 2H), 1.50-1.34 (m, 9H).
[837] Compound 10. (R)-methyl 3-(2-(2-((6-(3-(l-aminoethyl)phenoxy)hexyl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy) propanoate hydrochloride. SOCI2 (0.59ml, 8.11 mmol, 2 eq) was added dropwise to a stirred solution of compound 5 (1.76 g, 4.06 mmol, 1 eq) in dry MeOH (50 mL). The mixture was stirred for 12 h at r.t. and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford crude product 5 that was used for the next step without additional purification. Yield 1.82 g (100%). LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.11 min). MS (ESI) m/z 412.6 [MH]+. 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 5 8.53 (br, 3H), 7.30 (t, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (s, 1H), 7.03 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (d, J= 8.3 Hz, 1H), 4.35-4.28 (m, 1H), 3.97 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.62 (t, J = 6.2 Hz, 2H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 3.51- 3.45 (m, 8H), 3.38 (t, J= 5.6 Hz, 2H), 2.53 (t, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 1.74-1.68 (m, 2H), 1.54-1.46 (m, 5H), 1.43- 1.32 (m, 4H).
[838] Compound 11. (R)-methyl 3-(2-(2-((6-(3-(l-(3-((l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl )piperidin-4-yl )amino )benzamido )ethyl )phenoxy )hexyl )oxy )ethoxy )ethoxy )propanoate. A mixture of compound 10 (1.82g, 4.06 mmol, 1 eq), compound B (1.83g, 4.06 mmol, 1 eq), HOBt (0.62 g, 4.06 mmol, 1 eq), EDO (0.86g, 4.47 mmol, 1.1 eq), DIPEA (2.81 ml, 16.25 mmol, 4 eq), and anh. DCM (100 mL) was stirred for 12 h at ambient temperature, washed with water (3 x 30 mL), brine (2 x 20 mL), dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated under reduced pressure at ambient temperature. The residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography using chloroform and methanol as an eluent to afford the desired product 11. Yield 1.72g (55%). LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.81 min). MS (ESI) m/z 773.2 [MH]+.
[839] Compound 12. (R )-3-( 2-(2-((6-(3-(I-(3-( (l-methyl-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin- 4-yl )amino )benzamido )ethyl )phenoxy )hexyl )oxy )ethoxy )ethoxy )propanoic acid.
A solution of KOH (0.375 g, 6.68 mmol, 3 eq) in 5 mL H2O was added to a solution of compound 11 (1.72 g, 2.23 mmol, 1 eq) in MeOH (60 mL). The mixture was stirred for 12 h at ambient temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was treated with H2O (30 mL), and the mixture was acidified to pH 5 with IN aq. HC1 and extracted with DCM (3 x 15 mL), 30% solution isopropanol in DCM (3 x 15 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, and evaporated. The product was used for the next step without additional purification. Yield 1.38 g (82%). LCMS (Cl 8 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.61 min). MS (ESI) m/z 758.9 [MH]+.
[840] N-((1R )-l-( 3-( (6-(2-(2-( 3-( (2-(2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l-oxoisoindolin-4-yl )amino )-3- oxopropoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexyl)oxy)phenyl)ethyl)-3-((l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-yl)amino)benzamide hydrochloride. A mixture of compound 12 (1.38g, 1.82 mmol, 1 eq), compound C (0.472 g, 1.82 mmol, 1 eq), TBTU (1.169 g, 3.64 mmol, 2 eq), DIPEA (1.26 ml, 7.28 mmol, 4 eq), and anh. pyridine (20 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 12 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was treated with 3M solution of HC1 in dioxane, and the mixture was evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by HPLC in neutral conditions (YMC-Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-acetonitrile). Yield 634 mg (33%). LCMS (Cl 8 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.42 min). MS (ESI) m/z 999.9 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 14.80 (br.s, 1H), 11.01 (s, 1H), 10.66 (br.s, 1H), 9.87 (s, 1H), 8.90 - 8.84 (m, 2H), 8.54 - 8.48 (m, 1H), 8.39 - 8.22 (m, 2H), 7.84-7.81 (m, 1H), 7.52 - 7.46 (m, 2H), 7.18 - 7.03 (m, 4H), 6.91 - 6.84 (m, 2H), 6.74 (d, J= 8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.58-6.45 (m, 1H), 5.14 (dd, J = 13.2, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 5.08 - 4.97 (m, 1H), 4.35 (q, J= 17.6 Hz, 2H), 3.90 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.71 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.51 - 3.37 (m, 11H), 3.36 - 3.15 (m, 4H), 2.99 - 2.73 (m, 5H), 2.64 - 2.56 (m, 5H), 2.43 - 2.23 (m, 2H), 2.06 - 1.99 (m, 1H), 1.76 - 1.58 (m, 2H), 1.55 - 1.21 (m, 9H).
General Scheme
Figure imgf000303_0001
General Procedures
[841] Compound 11. A mixture of compound 10 (0.75 mmol, 1 eq), compound B (0.75 mmol, 1 eq), HOBt (0.9 mmol, 1.2 eq), EDO (0.9 mmol, 1.2 eq), DIPEA (3.0 mmol, 4 eq), and anh DCM (30 mL) was stirred for 12 h at ambient temperature, washed with water (3*10 ml), brine (2 x 10 mL), dried over NazSCL, and concentrated under reduced pressure at ambient temperature. The residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography using chloroform and methanol as an eluent to afford the desired product 11.
[842] Compound 12. To a solution of compound 11 (0.73 mmol, 1 eq) in MeOH (20 mL) was added a solution KOH (2.2 mmol, 3 eq) in 3 mL H2O. The mixture was stirred for 12-36 h at ambient temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was treated with H2O (15 mL), and the mixture was acidified to pH 5 with IN aq. HC1 and extracted with of DCM (4*15 mL). Combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated. The product was used for the next step without additional purification.
[843] A mixture of compound 12 (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), compound C (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), TBTU (0.2 mmol, 2 eq), DIPEA (0.4 mmol, 4 eq) and anh. pyridine (3 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 12 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. A solution of residue in CH2Q2 was treated with 3M HC1 in dioxane and stirred for 0.5 hours and then evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by HPLC in acidic conditions (YMC-Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-acetonitrile).
Figure imgf000303_0002
[844] Compound 11. (R)-methyl 3-(2-(2-(6-(4-(l-(3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl )piperidin-4-ylammo )benzamido )ethyl )phenoxy )hexyloxy )ethoxy )ethoxy)propanoate. Yield 65 % . LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.14 min). MS (ESI) m/z 772.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000304_0001
[845] Compound 12. (R)-3-(2-(2-(6-(4-(l-(3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin-4- ylamino)benzamido)ethyl)phenoxy)hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)propanoic acid. Yield 73%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.13 min). MS (ESI) m/z 758.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000304_0002
[846] N-((1R )-l-(4-( 6-(2-(2-( 3-( 2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolm-4-ylammo )-3- oxopropoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexyloxy)phenyl)ethyl)-3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-ylamino)benz mide hydrochloride. Yield 27%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.49 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1000.1[MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 11.01 (s, 1H), 9.82 (s, 1H), 9.53 (br, 1H), 8.75- 8.74 (m, 2H), 8.42 (m, 1H), 8.08-7.96 (br, 2H), 7.82 (d, J= 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.51-7.46 (m, 2H), 7.21-7.02 (m, 6H), 6.82 (d, J= 8.7 Hz, 2H), 6.47 (br, 2H), 5.15 (dd, J= 13.2, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 5.05 - 5.01 (m, 1H), 4.41-4.28 (m, 2H), 3.88 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.71 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.51 - 3.46 (m, 4H), 3.33 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.26 (br, 3H), 2.96 - 2.79 (m, 6H), 2.68 - 2.58(m, 4H), 2.43 - 2.28 (m, 3H), 2.18-2.11 (m, 1H), 2.06 - 2.00 (m, 1H), 1.70 - 1.62 (m, 2H), 1.52 - 1.28 (m, 12H). General Scheme
Figure imgf000305_0001
General Procedure
[847] N-((lR)-l-(3-(6-(2-(2-(3-(4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-5-yl)piperazin-l-yl)-3- oxopropoxy )ethoxy)ethoxy)hexyloxy)phenyl)ethyl)-3-( l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H- 1 , 2, 4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-ylamino)benzamide hydrochloride. A mixture of compound 12 (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), compound C (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), TBTU (0.2 mmol, 2 eq), DIPEA (0.4 mmol, 4 eq), and anh. pyridine (3 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 12 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was treated with 3M solution of HC1 in dioxane, and the mixture was evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by HPLC in acidic conditions (YMC-Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-ace tonitrile). Yield 36% LCMS (Cl 8 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.53 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1069.7 [MH]+. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de) 5 10.92 (s, 1H), 9.48 (br, 1H), 8.77 - 8.76 (m, 2H), 8.49 - 8.45 (m, 1H), 8.02 (br, 2H), 7.54 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.18 - 7.04 (m, 6H), 6.89 - 6.86 (m, 2H), 6.75 (d, J= 8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.47(br.s, 2H), 5.04 (dd, J= 13.2, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 4.35-4.19 (m, 2H), 3.90 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.66 - 3.61 (m, 8H), 3.49 - 3.42 (m, 11H),3.36 - 3.26 (m, 8H), 2.95 - 2.80 (m, 5H), 2.67 - 2.58 (m, 4H), 2.41 - 2.32 (m, 2H), 1.98- 1.89 (m, 1H), 1.68-1.63 (m, 2H), 1.52 - 1.44 (m, 2H), 1.40 - 1.29 (m, 7H).
Figure imgf000305_0002
General Procedure
[848] N-((lR)-l-(3-(6-(2-(2-(3-(4-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-6-fluoro-l,3-dioxoisoindolin-5-yl)piperazin-l- yl)-3-oxopropoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)hexyloxy)phenyl)ethyl)-3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-ylamino)benzamide hydrochloride A mixture of compound 12 (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), compound C (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), TBTU (0.2 mmol, 2 eq), DIPEA (0.4 mmol, 4 eq), and anh. pyridine (3 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 12 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was treated with 3M solution of HC1 in dioxane, and the mixture was evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by HPLC in acidic conditions (YMC-Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-ace tonitrile). Yield 43% LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.97 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1102.0 [MH]+. 'H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-de) 5 11.08 (s, 1H), 9.51 (br, 1H), 8.76 - 8.74 (m, 2H), 8.48- 8.44 (m, 1H), 8.04 (br, 2H), 7.76 (d, J= 11.3 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.18 - 7.04 (m, 4H), 689 - 6.86 (m, 2H), 6.75 (d, J= 8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.45 (br, 2H), 5.12-5.01 (m, 2H), 3.90 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.66 - 3.63 (m, 7H), 3.50 - 3.43 (m, 11H), 3.35 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.26- 3.19 (m, 6H), 2.92 - 2.81 (m, 5H), 2.67 - 2.57 (m, 4H), 2.41 - 2.33 (m, 2H), 2.06 - 2.01 (m, 1H), 1.69 - 1.63 (m, 2H), 1.51 - 1.45 (m, 2H), 1.40-1.29 (m, 7H).
Synthetic Example Sil
General procedures
Figure imgf000306_0001
Figure imgf000306_0003
[849] Compound 2. 5-(3-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethoxy)propoxy)pentyl methanesulphonate. To an ice cold solution of alcohol 1 (1.3 g, 5.5 mmol) in methylene chloride (10 ml), DIPEA (1.5 ml, 1.12 g, 8.7 mmol) was added, followed by mesyl chloride (0.6 ml, 0.88 g, 7.73 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 4 hours and quenched with water (10 ml). Organic phase was separated; aqueous was extracted with methylene chloride (10 ml). Combined organic phases were washed with water (10 ml) and dried over MgSO4- The solvent was stripped off and the product 2 was used further without additional purification. Yield 1.68 g (96%).
Figure imgf000306_0002
[850] Compound 4. (R)-methyl 2-(3-(5-(3-(l-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)ethyl)phenoxy)pentyloxy) propoxy) acetate. Compound 3 (5.18 mmol, 1 eq), compound 2 (5.37 mmol, 1.03 eq) and K2CC>3 (1.79 g, 12.97 mmol, 2.5 eq) in dry acetonitrile (50 mL) were stirred for 12 h at reflux. The solvent was evaporated to dryness. The residue was partitioned between methylene chloride (10 ml) and water (10 ml). Organic layer was separated; aqueous one was extracted with methylene chloride (10 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography using a mixture of chloroform and methanol (100 to 1 v/v) as an eluent to afford the desired product 4. Yield 2.3 g (97%). LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.74 min). MS (ESI) m/z 454.3 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, CDCL) 57.23 (t, J= 7.9 Hz, 1H),
6.88 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 6.78 (dd, J = 8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 4.90 - 4.70 (m, 2H), 4.10 (s, 2H), 3.96 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.63 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.53 (t, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.45 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 1.90 (p, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 1.86 - 1.75 (m, 2H), 1.71 - 1.59 (m, 2H), 1.59 - 1.48 (m, 2H), 1.47 - 1.40 (m, 12H).
Figure imgf000307_0001
[851] Compound 5. (R)-tert-butyl l-(3-(5-(3-(2-hydroxyethoxy)propoxy)pentyloxy)phenyl)ethyl carbamate. A mixture of L1BH4 (0.176 g, 8.0 mmol), compound 4 (2.3 g, 5.0 mmol), methanol (0.33 mL, 8.1 mmol), and ether (10 mL) was refluxed for 15 min. The reaction was quenched with aqueous citric acid (2 g in 10 ml water) with ice-cooling. The mixture was diluted with water and was extracted with dichloromethane. The extract was dried over NazSCL and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. Purification by silica gel (chloroform/methanol = 100:1 as developing solvent) afforded compound 5 (2.07 g, 95%). LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.64 min). MS (ESI) m/z 426.1 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) 57.24 (t, J= 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 6.78 (dd, J = 8.1, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 4.90 - 4.70 (m, 2H), 3.96 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.72 (dd, J = 14.5, 9.9 Hz, 2H), 3.60 (t, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.58 - 3.54 (m, 2H), 3.53 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.45 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.92 - 1.84 (m, 2H), 1.85 - 1.77 (m, 2H), 1.72 - 1.60 (m, 2H), 1.56 - 1.52 (m, 2H), 1.47 - 1.40 (m, 13H).
Figure imgf000307_0002
[852] Compound 6. (R)-tert-butyl l-(3-(5-(3-(2-oxoethoxy)propoxy)pentyloxy)phenyl)ethylcarbamate. A flask was charged with 10 mL of dichloromethane and (0.1 ml, 0.145 g, 0.11 mmol) of oxalyl chloride. The solution was stirred and cooled at -50 to -60°C as (0.12 ml, 0.132 g, 0.17 mmol) of dimethyl sulfoxide in 10 mL of dichloromethane was added dropwise at a rapid rate. After 5 min (0.3 g, 0.7 mmol) of compound 5 was added dropwise over 10 min maintaining the temperature at -50 to -60°C. After another 15 min, 0.5 mL of triethylamine (3.59 mmol) was added dropwise while keeping the temperature at or below -50°C. Stirring was continued for 5 min, after which time the mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and 20 mL of water was added. The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with two 10-ml portions of dichloromethane. The organic layers were combined and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The filtered solution was concentrated to afford 0.29 g (97%) of compound 6 that is used further without additional purification. 'H NMR (400 MHz, CDCk) 5 9.74 (s, 1H), 7.24 (t, J= 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 6.78 (dd, J = 8.1, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 4.90 - 4.70 (m, 2H), 4.08 (s, 2H), 3.96 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.65 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.54 (t, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.45 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H), 1.92 (p, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 1.86 - 1.75 (m, 2H), 1.70 - 1.59 (m, 2H), 1.59 - 1.50 (m, 2H), 1.47 - 1.40 (m, 12H).
Figure imgf000308_0001
[853] Compound 7. tert-butyl (lR)-l-(3-(5-(3-(2-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidm-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolm-4- ylamino) ethoxy) propoxy )pentyloxy)phenyl)ethylcarbamate. To a solution of lenalidomide (0.18 g, 0.69 mmol, 1.0 eq) and compound 6 (0.29 g, 0.68 mmol, 1.0 eq) in 50 mL of DCE was added acetic acid (0.24 mL, 4.18 mmol, 6.0 eq) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (0.6 g, 2.83 mmol, 4.0 eq). The suspended solution was stirred at room temperature for 12 h., saturated NaHCO; aqueous solution added and extracted with dichloromethane (3 by 10 ml). After extraction, the combined organic layer was dried over NazSCU Purification by silica gel (gradient ethyl acetate/tetrahydrofuran = 100:1 to 1:100 as a developing solvent) afforded compound 7 (0.31 g, 69%). LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.73 min). MS (ESI) m/z 667.3 [MH]+. 'H NMR (400 MHz, CDCh) 5 8.12 (s, 1H), 7.43 - 7.32 (m, 1H), 7.30 (d, J= 3.5 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (t, J= 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.92 - 6.73 (m, 4H), 5.24 (d, J = 12.7 Hz, 1H), 4.90 - 4.70 (m, 2H), 4.33 (d, J= 15.3 Hz, 1H), 4.15 (d, J = 14.7 Hz, 1H), 3.96 (dd, J= 11.9, 6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.75 - 3.65 (m, 2H), 3.65 - 3.34 (m, 8H), 3.28 (q, J= 7.0 Hz, 1H), 2.88 - 2.80 (m, 2H), 2.38 - 2.30 (m, 1H), 2.25 - 2.18 (m, 1H), 1.94 - 1.74 (m, 5H), 1.70 - 1.61 (m, 3H),
1.59 - 1.49 (m, 3H), 1.43 (s, 9H).
Figure imgf000308_0002
H-CI
[854] Compound 8. 3-(4-(2-(3-(5-(3-((R)-l-aminoethyl)phenoxy)pentyloxy)propoxy)ethylamino)-l- oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine-2, 6-dione hydrochloride. To an ice cold solution of compound 7 (0.31 g, 0.47 mmol) in methylene chloride (10 ml) a dioxanic 3M HC1 solution (1 ml) was added. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight and then evaporated dryness. The residue was taken up with dry ether (20 ml) and the solid was filtered, washed with ether (10 ml) and dried on air. Yield 0.28 g (99%) that was used further without purification. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.19 min). MS (ESI) m/z 567.8 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000308_0003
[855] Compound 10. tert-butyl 4-(3-((lR)-l-(3-(5-(3-(2-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-4- y lamina )ethoxy )propoxy )pentyloxy )phenyl )ethylcarbamoyl )phenylamino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l,2,4-triazol- 3 -yl)piperidine-l -carboxylate. To an ice cold suspension of amine hydrochloride 8 (0.16 g, 0.26 mmol) in methylene chloride (5 ml), acid 9 (0.13 g, 0.27 mmol) was added, followed by hydroxyl benzotriazole hydrate (0.05 g, 0.32 mmol) and EDO (0.06 g, 0.31 mmol) and finally DIPEA (0.5 ml, 3.86 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. Then water (5 ml) was added and organic layer was separated. Aqueous layer was extracted with methylene chloride (5 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSCL and evaporated. The residue was purified by HPLC in neutral conditions (YMC-Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-acetonitrile).Yield 0.074 g (27%). LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 5.89 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1013.8 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000309_0001
[856] Compound 11. N-((lR)-l-(3-(5-(3-(2-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-4- ylamino )ethoxy )propoxy)pentyloxy)phenyl )ethyl )-3-(4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4- ylamino)benzamide. To an ice cold solution of compound 10 (0.074 g, 0.07 mmol) in a mixture isopropanol in methylene chloride (10% v/v; 10 ml) a dioxanic 3M HC1 solution (1 ml) was added. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight and then evaporated dryness. The residue was taken up with dry ether (20 ml) and the solid was filtered, washed with ether (10 ml) and dried on air. Yield 0.058 g (83%). LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.55 min). MS (ESI) m/z 914.1 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 10.99 (s, 1H), 9.21 - 9.13 (m, 1H), 9.07 - 8.98 (m, 1H), 8.91 (d, J= 6.2 Hz, 2H), 8.52 (d, J= 8.2 Hz, 1H), 8.40 - 8.32 (m, 2H), 7.27 (t, J= 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.20 - 7.12 (m, 2H), 7.10 - 7.02 (m, 2H), 6.94 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.91 - 6.84 (m, 2H), 6.80 (d, J= 8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.74 (d, J= 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.49 (d, J= 7.6 Hz, 1H), 5.16 - 4.97 (m, 2H), 4.23 (d, J = 17.0 Hz, 1H), 4.12 (d, J = 17.1 Hz, 1H), 3.90 (t, J= 5.8 Hz, 2H), 3.53 (t, J= 5.8 Hz, 2H), 3.45 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.38 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.33 - 3.29 (m, 5H), 3.26 - 3.19 (s, 4H), 2.97 - 2.84 (m, 1H), 2.70 - 2.56 (m, 3H), 2.40 - 2.28 (m, 3H), 2.05 - 1.98 (s, 1H), 1.75 - 1.63 (m, 4H), 1.54 - 1.47 (m, 2H), 1.42 - 1.37 (m, 6H).
Figure imgf000309_0002
[857] Compound 7. tert-butyl (lR)-l-(3-(5-(3-(2-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-5- ylamino)ethoxy) propoxy )pentyloxy)phenyl)ethylcarbamate. To a solution of 5 -lenalidomide (0.18 g, 0.69 mmol, 1.0 eq) and compound 6 (0.29 g, 0.68 mmol, 1.0 eq) in 50 mL of DCE was added acetic acid (0.24 mL, 4.18 mmol, 6.0 eq) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (0.6 g, 2.83 mmol, 4.0 eq). The suspended solution was stirred at room temperature for 12 h., saturated NaHCO; aqueous solution added and extracted with dichloromethane (3 by 10 ml). After extraction, the combined organic layer was dried over NazSCL. Purification by silica gel (gradient ethyl acetate/tetrahydrofuran = 100:1 to 1:100 as a developing solvent) afforded compound 7 (0.24 g, 54%). LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.64 min). MS (ESI) m/z 667.5 [MH]+. 'H NMR (400 MHz, CDCh) 5 8.21 (s, 1H), 7.66 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (t, J= 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.87 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 6.77 (d, J= 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.67 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.59 (s, 1H), 5.55 (d, J = 4.2 Hz, 1H), 5.26 - 5.10 (m, 1H), 4.86 (s, 1H), 4.75 (s, 1H), 4.38 (dd, J= 15.6, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 4.22 (dd, J = 15.6, 5.5 Hz, 1H), 4.06 (td, J = 8.0, 5.3 Hz, 1H), 3.95 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (dd, J= 15.0, 6.9 Hz, 1H), 3.67 (t, J = 5.1 Hz, 1H), 3.58 (t, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.51 (dd, J= 13.4, 7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.44 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.34 (t, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.23 (q, J= 7.1 Hz, 1H), 2.96 - 2.72 (m, 3H), 2.38 - 2.23 (m, 1H), 2.23 - 2.11 (m, 1H), 2.00 - 1.83 (m, 3H), 1.83 - 1.73 (m, 2H), 1.69 - 1.58 (m, 2H), 1.57 - 1.47 (m, 2H), 1.43 (s, 9H).
Figure imgf000310_0001
[858] Compound 8. 3-(5-(2-(3-(5-(3-((R)-l-aminoethyl)phenoxy)pentyloxy)propoxy)ethylamino)-l- oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine-2, 6-dione hydrochloride. To an ice cold solution of compound 7 (0.24 g, 0.37 mmol) in methylene chloride (10 ml) a dioxanic 3M HC1 solution (1 ml) was added. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight and then evaporated dryness. The residue was taken up with dry ether (20 ml) and the solid was filtered, washed with ether (10 ml) and dried on air. Yield 0.22 g (99%) that was used further without purification. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.14 min). MS (ESI) m/z 567.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000310_0002
[859] Compound 10. tert-butyl 4-( 3-((lR )-!-( 3-( 5-( 3-( 2-(2-(2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolin-5- ylamino )ethoxy )propoxy )pentyloxy )phenyl )ethylcarbamoyl )phenylamino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l,2,4-triazol- 3 -yl)piperidine-l -carboxylate. To an ice cold suspension of amine hydrochloride 8 (0.10 g, 0.17 mmol) in methylene chloride (5 ml), acid 9 (0.08 g, 0.17 mmol) was added, followed by hydroxyl benzotriazole hydrate (0.04 g, 0.26 mmol) and EDO (0.05 g, 0.26 mmol) and finally DIPEA (0.5 ml, 3.86 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. Then water (5 ml) was added and organic layer was separated. Aqueous layer was extracted with methylene chloride (5 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSCL, evaporated in vacuo and the crude salt was purified by HPLC in neutral conditions (YMC-Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-acetonitrile).Yield 0.022 g (22%). LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 5.58 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1014.2 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000311_0001
[860] Compound 11. N-((lR)-l-(3-(5-(3-(2-(2-(2,6-dioxopiperidm-3-yl)-l-oxoisomdolm-5- ylamino )ethoxy )propoxy)pentyloxy)phenyl )ethyl )-3-(4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4- ylamino )ben~amide hydrochloride. Starting carbamate 10 (0.022 g, 0.02 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture DCM-isopropanole (10%) and dioxanic HC1 (0.2 ml, 3M) was added. The mixture was stirred at rt overnight and evaporated dryness. The crude salt was purified by HPLC in acidic conditions (YMC-Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-acetonitrile).Yield 0.014 g (71%). LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.43 min). MS (ESI) m/z 913.9 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 10.91 (s, 1H), 8.76 (d, J= 5.2 Hz, 2H), 8.68 - 8.59 (m, 1H), 8.50 (d, J= 7.7 Hz, 2H), 8.11 - 8.00 (m, 2H), 7.38 (d, J= 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.18 - 7.12 (m, 2H), 7.09 - 7.04 (m, 2H), 6.89 - 6.86 (m, 2H), 6.74 (d, J= 8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.69 - 6.66 (m, 2H), 6.57 - 6.43 (m, 2H), 5.11 - 4.95 (m, 2H), 4.25 (d, J = 16.8 Hz, 2H), 4.13 (d, J = 16.7 Hz, 2H), 3.90 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.52 (t, J = 5.5 Hz, 2H), 3.45 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.39 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.33 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.25 (d, 7= 5.3 Hz, 2H), 2.92 - 2.85 (m, 1H), 2.58 (m, 4H), 2.44 - 2.30 (m, 4H), 1.95 - 1.88 (m, 1H), 1.75 - 1.64 (m, 4H), 1.55 - 1.48 (m, 2H), 1.44 - 1.35 (m, 6H).
Figure imgf000311_0002
Figure imgf000311_0004
[861] Compound 4. (R)-methyl 2-(3-(5-(3-(ldtert-butoxycarbonylamino)ethyl)phenoxy)pentyloxy) propoxy) acetate. Compound 3 (5.18 mmol, 1 eq), compound 2 (5.37 mmol, 1.03 eq) and K2CC>3 (1.79 g, 12.97 mmol, 2.5 eq) in dry acetonitrile (50 mL) were stirred for 12 h at reflux. The solvent was evaporated to dryness. The residue was partitioned between methylene chloride (10 ml) and water (10 ml). Organic layer was separated; aqueous one was extracted with methylene chloride (10 ml). Combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography using a mixture of chloroform and methanol (100 to 1 v/v) as an eluent to afford the desired product 4. Yield 2.3 g (97%). LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.74 min). MS (ESI) m/z 454.3 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) 57.23 (t, J= 7.9 Hz, 1H),
6.88 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 6.78 (dd, J = 8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 4.90 - 4.70 (m, 2H), 4.10 (s, 2H), 3.96 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.63 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.53 (t, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.45 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 1.90 (p, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 1.86 - 1.75 (m, 2H), 1.71 - 1.59 (m, 2H), 1.59 - 1.48 (m, 2H), 1.47 - 1.40 (m, 12H).
Figure imgf000311_0003
[862] Compound 5. (R)-tert-butyl l-(3-(5-(3-(2-hydroxyethoxy)propoxy)pentyloxy)phenyl)ethyl carbamate. A mixture of LiBtU (0.176 g, 8.0 mmol), compound 4 (2.3 g, 5.0 mmol), methanol (0.33 mL, 8.1 mmol), and ether (10 mL) was refluxed for 15 min. The reaction was quenched with aqueous citric acid (2 g in 10 ml water) with ice-cooling. The mixture was diluted with water and was extracted with dichloromethane. The extract was dried over NazSCL and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. Purification by silica gel (chloroform/methanol = 100:1 as developing solvent) afforded compound 5 (2.07 g, 95%). LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.64 min). MS (ESI) m/z 426.1 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) 57.24 (t, J= 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 6.78 (dd, J = 8.1, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 4.90 - 4.70 (m, 2H), 3.96 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.72 (dd, J = 14.5, 9.9 Hz, 2H), 3.60 (t, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.58 - 3.54 (m, 2H), 3.53 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.45 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.92 - 1.84 (m, 2H), 1.85 - 1.77 (m, 2H), 1.72 - 1.60 (m, 2H), 1.56 - 1.52 (m, 2H), 1.47 - 1.40 (m, 13H).
Figure imgf000312_0001
[863] Compound 6. ((R)-2-( 3-((5-( 3-(l-( ( tert-butoxycarbonyl )amino )ethyl )phenoxy )pentyl )oxy )propoxy)ethyl methanesulfonate. A solution of compound 5 (300 mg, 0.705 mmol) in CH2Q2 was mixed with 0.18 mL of
DIPEA (1.058 mmol) and cooled to 0°C. 57 mg (0.846 mmol) of MsCl was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, washed with water, dried over NazSCL and evaporated. The product was used without purification. Yield 323 mg (91%)
Figure imgf000312_0002
[864] Compound 7. Tert-butyl ((lR)-l-(3-((5-(3-(2-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-4- yl)oxy)ethoxy)propoxy)pentyl)oxy)phenyl)ethyl)carbamate. Compound 6 (0.635 mmol, 1 eq), compound 4- OH-LNDM (0.635 mmol, 1 eq) and K2CO3 (88mg, 1 eq) in dry acetonitrile (50 mL) were stirred for 36 h at reflux. The precipitate was filtered off, washed with acetonitrile. The solvent was evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography using ethylacetate as an eluent to afford the desired product 7. Yield 150mg (35%). LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 7.31 min). MS (ESI) m/z 669.0 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 10.96 (s, 1H), 7.47 (t, J= 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.38 - 7.22 (m, 3H), 7.18 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.90 - 6.78 (m, 2H), 6.74 (d, J= 7.4 Hz, 1H), 5.11 (dd, J= 13.3, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 4.66 - 4.49 (m, 1H), 4.41 - 4.32 (m, J= 17.3 Hz, 2H), 3.91 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.75 - 3.67 (m, 2H), 3.50 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.44 - 3.36 (m, 6H), 3.00 - 2.82 (m, 1H), 2.70 - 2.52 (m, 1H), 2.47 - 2.28 (m, 1H), 2.07 - 1.92 (m, 1H), 1.78 - 1.61 (m, 4H), 1.57 - 1.46 (m, 2H), 1.46 - 1.30 (m, 11H), 1.27 (d, 7= 7.0 Hz, 3H).
Figure imgf000313_0001
[865] Compound 8. 3-(4-(2-(3-((5-(3-((R)-l-aminoethyl)phenoxy)pentyl)oxy)propoxy)ethoxy)-l- oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine-2, 6-dione hydrochloride. To an ice cold solution of compound 7 (0.31 g, 0.47 mmol) in methylene chloride (10 ml) a dioxanic 3M HC1 solution (1 ml) was added. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight and then evaporated dryness. The residue was taken up with dry ether (20 ml) and the solid was filtered, washed with ether (10 ml) and dried on air. Yield of 8 was 0.28 g (99%) that was used further without purification. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.18 min). MS (ESI) m/z 568.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000313_0002
[866] Compound 10. tert-butyl 4-((3-(((lR)-l-(3-((5-(3-(2-((2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-l-oxoisoindolin-4- yl )oxy )ethoxy )propoxy )pentyl )oxy )phenyl )ethyl )carbamoyl )phenyl )amino )-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4- tria~ol-3-yl)piperidine-! -carboxylate Compound 8 (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), compound 9 (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), TBTU (0.2 mmol, 2 eq) and DIPEA (0.4 mmol, 4 eq) in dry pyridine (3 ml) were stirred for 12 h at r.t. The mixture was evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by HPLC in acidic conditions (YMC-Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-ace tonitrile). Yield 73%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 5.70 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1015.0 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000313_0003
[867] Compound 11. N-( ( 1R)- l-(3-(( 5-( 3-(2-((2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l-oxoisoindolin-4- yl )oxy)ethoxy)propoxy )pentyl )oxy )phenyl )ethyl )-3-( (4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4- yl)amino)benzamide hydrochloride. A solution of compound 10 (0.1 mmol, 1 eq) in dry DCM (50.0 mL) and dry i-PrOH (1.5 ml) with 0.34 ml 3 M HC1 in dioxane (10 eq) were stirred for 24 h at r.t. The mixture was evaporated to dryness to give the product 11 which was sufficiently pure. Yield 98%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.51 min). MS (ESI) m/z 915.7 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-t/6) 5 14.81 (bs, 1H), 10.97 (s, 1H), 9.14 (bs, 1H), 8.98 (bs, 1H), 8.88 (d, J= 5.6 Hz, 2H), 8.52 (d, J= 8.3 Hz, 1H), 8.30 (bs, 2H), 7.46 (t, J= 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (d, J= 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (d, J= 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (m, 2H), 7.07 (m, 2H), 6.87 (m, 2H), 6.74 (m, 1H), 6.55 (bs, 1H), 6.49 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 5.11 (dd, J = 13.3, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 5.03 (p, J= 7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.36 (d, J = 17.3 Hz, 1H), 4.22 (m, 3H), 3.89 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.71 (m, 4H), 3.49 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.38 (t, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.31 (t, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.23 (s, 4H), 2.89 (m, 1H), 2.59 (s, 1H), 2.40 (m, 3H), 1.98 (m, 1H), 1.69 (m, 4H), 1.50 (m, 2H), 1.38 (m, 5H).
Synthetic Example S12
General Scheme
Figure imgf000314_0001
General procedures
[868] Compound 2. A solution of compound 1 (2.9 mmol, 1 eq) and diisopropylamine (0.56 g, 0.75ml, 4.35 mmol, 1.5 eq) in dry DCM (50 mL) was cooled to 0°C and mesyl chloride (0.40g, 0.27 ml, 3.48 mmol, 1.2 eq) was added. The mixture was warmed to 0°C over Ih period, stirred for 1 h. A progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. The mixture was washed by water (3*20 ml), dried over NazSCU, and evaporated. The product immediately was used in the next step without additional purification.
[869] Compound 4. Compound 3 (2.5 mmol, 1 eq), compound 2 (2.75 mmol, 1.1 eq), K2CO3 (5.0 mmol, 2 eq) in dry acetonitrile (50 mL) were stirred for 12 h at reflux. The precipitate was filtered off, washed with acetonitrile. The solvent was evaporated to dryness to give the product. The product 4 was used in the next step without additional purification.
[870] Compound 5. A solution of compound 4 (2.5 mmol, 1 eq) in dry DCM (50 mL) with 12.5 ml 3 M HC1 in dioxane (5 eq) were stirred for 24 h at r.t. The mixture was evaporated to dryness to give the crude product 5 which was used in the next step without additional purification.
[871] Compound 6. To a solution of compound 5 (2.5 mmol, 1 eq) in dry MeOH (20 mL) was added dropwise SOCI2 (0.36ml, 5.0 mmol, 2 eq). The mixture was stirred for 12 h at r.t. and then evaporated to dryness to give the crude product 5 which no need additional purification. [872] Compound 8. Compound 6 (1.2 mmol, 1 eq), compound 7 (1.2 mmol, 1 eq), HOBt (1.2 mmol, 1 eq), EDO (1.32 mmol, 1.1 eq) and DIPEA (4.8 mmol, 4 eq) in dry DCM (30 ml) were stirred for 12 h at r.t. The reaction mixture was washed with water (3*10 ml), brine (2 x 10 mL), dried on activated NazSCE, and concentrated in a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure at ambient temperature. The residue was purified by silica gel flash column chromatography using chloroform and methanol as an eluent to afford the desired product 8.
[873] Compound 9. To a solution of compound 8 (1.2 mmol, 1 eq) in MeOH (20 mL) was added a solution KOH (3.6 mmol, 3 eq) in 3 ml H2O. The mixture was stirred for 12-36 h at r.t. and then MeOH evaporated. To the residue was added 15 ml of H2O and the mixture was acidified to pH = 5 with IN aq. HC1 and aqueous phase was extracted with 4*15 ml of DCM. Combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, and evaporated. The product was used in the next step without additional purification.
[874] Compound 10. Compound 9 (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), degradation moiety (0.1 mmol, 1 eq), TBTU (0.2 mmol, 2 eq) and DIPEA (0.4 mmol, 4 eq) in dry pyridine (3 ml) were stirred for 12 h at r.t. The mixture was evaporated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in CH2C12, 0.2 mL of 3M HC1 in dioxane was added. Solution was evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by HPLC in acidic conditions (YMC-Pack ODS-AQ 250x20mml, S-lOpm, 12nm, gradient water-ace tonitrile).
Syntheses according to the general procedures
Figure imgf000315_0001
[875] Compound 1. Tert-butyl 2-(3-((5-hydroxypentyl)oxy)propoxy)acetate was prepared according to the procedures in ACS Med. Chem. Lett. 2020, 11, 8, 1539-1547.
Figure imgf000315_0002
[876] Compound 2. Tert-butyl 3,9,13-trioxa-2-thiapentadecan-15-oate 2,2-dioxide. Colorless oil. Yield 95%. The product was used in the next step immediately.
Figure imgf000315_0003
[877] Compound 4. Tert-butyl 2-( 3-( (5-( 3-( ( ( tert-butoxy carbonyl )amino )methyl )phenoxy ) pentyl)oxy)propoxy)acetate. Yellowish oil. Yield 99%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 2.04 min). MS (ESI) m/z 482.5 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 7.34 (t, J = 6.36 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (t, J = 7.95, 1H), 6.80-6.74 (m, 3H), 4.08 (d, J = 5.99 Hz, 2H), 3.94-3.91 (m, 4H), 1.75-1.66 (m, 4H), 1.57-1.51 (m, 2H), 1.47-1.39 (m, 20H).
Figure imgf000316_0001
[878] Compound 5. 2-(3-((5-(3-(aminomethyl)phenoxy)pentyl)oxy)propoxy)acetic acid hydrochloride. Light brown solid. Quantitative yield. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 0.98 min). MS (ESI) m/z 326.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000316_0002
[879] Compound 6. methyl 2-(3-((5-(3-(ammomethyl)phenoxy)pentyl)oxy)propoxy)acetate hydrochloride.
Light brown solid. Quantitative yield. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.22 min). MS (ESI) m/z 340.5 [MH]+..
Figure imgf000316_0003
[880] Compound 8. Methyl 2-(3-((5-(3-((3-((l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin-4- yl)amino)benzamido)methyl)phenoxy)pentyl)oxy)propoxy)acetate. Light brown solid. Yield 47%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.11 min). MS (ESI) m/z 701.0 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000316_0004
[881] Compound 9. 2-(3-((5-( 3-( (3-( (l-methyl-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H- 1 ,2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4- yl)amino)benzamido)methyl)phenoxy)pentyl)oxy)propoxy)acetic acid. Light brown solid. Yield 63%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.11 min). MS (ESI) m/z 686.8 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000316_0005
[882] Compound 10. N-( 3-(( 5-( 3-( 2-((2-(2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolin-4-yl )amino )-2- oxoethoxy)propoxy )pentyl )oxy )benzyl )-3-( (l-methyl-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H- 1 ,2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4- yl)amino)benzamide hydrochloride. Colorless solid. Yield 10%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin , retention time 4.27 min). MS (ESI) m/z 927.6 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-t 6) 5 14.50 (bs, 1H), 11.00 (s, 1H), 9.70 (s, 1H), 9.62
(bs, 1H), 8.74 (m, 3H), 8.00 (bs, 2H), 7.74 (dd, J= 7.6, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (dd, J= 7.6, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (t, J= 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (m, 2H), 7.09 (m, 2H), 6.77 (m, 3H), 6.49 (bs, 2H), 5.14 (dd, J= 13.3, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 4.36 (m, 4H), 4.08 (s, 2H), 3.88 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.58 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.52 (m, 1H), 3.46 (t, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.42 (m, 1H), 3.35 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.27 (m, 2H), 2.83 (m, 5H), 2.59 (m, 2H), 2.36 (m, 3H), 2.15 (t, J= 13.0 Hz, 1H), 2.00 (m, 1H), 1.81 (p, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 1.66 (p, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.51 (m, 2H), 1.40 (q, J= 7.9 Hz, 2H).
Figure imgf000317_0001
[883] Compound 4. tert-butyl 2-(3-(5-(4-((tert-butoxycarbonylamino)methyl)phenoxy) pentyloxy)propoxy)acetate. Yield 75%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water- acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.92 min). MS (ESI) m/z 482.4[MH]+. 'H NMR (400 MHz, CDCh) 57.26 (t, J= 6.1 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 6.86 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 4.02 (d, J= 14.0 Hz, 2H), 3.92(s, 2H), 3.47 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.40 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.36 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.75-1.66 (m, 4H), 1.57-1.50 (m, 2H), 1.46-1.33 (m, 20H)
Figure imgf000317_0002
[884] Compound 5. 2-(3-(5-(4-(aminomethyl)phenoxy)pentyloxy)propoxy)acetic acid hydrochloride
[885] Yield 99%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.03 min). MS (ESI) m/z 326.4[MH]+.
Figure imgf000317_0003
[886] Compound 6. Methyl 2-(3-(5-(4-(aminomethyl)phenoxy)pentyloxy)propoxy)acetate hydrochloride.
Yield 99%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient
5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.11 min). MS (ESI) m/z 340.4[MH]+.
Figure imgf000317_0004
[887] Compound 8. Methyl 2-(3-((5-(4-((3-((l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin-4- yl)amino)benzamido)methyl)phenoxy)pentyl)oxy)propoxy)acetate. Light brown solid. Yield 62%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.11 min). MS (ESI) m/z 700.7 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000318_0001
[888] Compound 9. 2-(3-(( 5-(4-( (3-( (l-methyl-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H- 1 ,2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4- yl)amino)benzamido)methyl)phenoxy)pentyl)oxy)propoxy)acetic acid. Light brown solid. Yield 50%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.07 min). MS (ESI) m/z 686.7 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000318_0002
[889] Compound 10. N-( 4-(( 5-( 3-( 2-((2-(2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolin-4-yl )amino )-2- oxoethoxy)propoxy )pentyl )oxy )benzyl )-3-( (l-methyl-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H- 1 ,2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4- yl)amino)benzamide hydrochloride. Colorless solid. Yield 20%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin , retention time 4.23 min). MS (ESI) m/z 927.6 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-t 6) 5 14.50 (s, 1H), 11.00 (s, 1H), 9.70 (s, 1H), 9.57 (s, 1H), 8.75 (m, 3H), 8.01 (s, 2H), 7.73 (dd, J= 7.8, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (dd, J = 7.6, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (t, J= 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (d, J= 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.07 (m, 3H), 6.80 (d, J= 8.6 Hz, 2H), 6.48 (s, 2H), 5.14 (dd, J= 13.3, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.37 (m, 2H), 4.31 (m, 2H), 4.08 (s, 2H), 3.87 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.58 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.46 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.42 (s, 2H), 3.36 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.27 (m, 2H), 2.85 (m, 5H), 2.59 (m, 1H), 2.36 (m, 3H), 2.16 (m, 1H), 2.00 (m, 1H), 1.81 (p, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 1.67 (p, J= 6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.52 (p, J= 6.6 Hz, 2H), 1.41 (m, 2H).
Figure imgf000318_0003
[890] Compound 8. (R)-methyl 2-(3-(5-(3-(l-(3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin-
4-ylamino)benzamido)ethyl)phenoxy)pentyloxy)propoxy)acetate. Light brown solid. Yield 88%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.17 min). MS (ESI) m/z 714.8 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000318_0004
[891] Compound 9. ((R)-2-(3-(5-(3-(l-(3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin-4- ylamino)benzamido)ethyl)phenoxy)pentyloxy)propoxy)acetic acid. Light brown solid. Yield 80%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.12 min). MS (ESI) m/z 700.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000319_0001
[892] Compound 10. N-( ( 1R )-!-( 3-( 5-( 3-(2-(2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolm-4-ylammo )-2- oxoethoxy)propoxy)pentyloxy)phenyl)ethyl)-3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin-4- ylamino)benzamide hydrochloride. Colorless solid. Yield 26%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin , retention time 4.39 min). MS (ESI) m/z 941.8 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-t/6) 5 14.49 (bs, 1H), 11.00 (s, 1H), 9.70 (s, 1H), 9.51 (bs, 1H), 8.75 (m, 2H), 8.49 (m, 1H), 8.01 (m, 2H), 7.74 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d, J= 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (t, J = 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (t, J= 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (m, 3H), 6.87 (m, 2H), 6.74 (dd, J= 8.1, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.46 (bs, 2H), 5.14 (dd, J= 13.3, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 5.03 (dd, J= 14.0, 6.7 Hz, 1H), 4.35 (m, 2H), 4.08 (s, 2H), 3.89 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.58 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.45 (m, 4H), 3.36 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.26 (m, 2H), 2.86 (m, 5H), 2.61 (m, 1H), 2.36 (m, 3H), 2.13 (m, 1H), 2.00 (m, 1H), 1.81 (p, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 1.67 (p, J= 6.7 Hz, 2H), 1.51 (q, J = 6.9 Hz, 2H), 1.39 (m, 5H).
Figure imgf000319_0002
[893] Compound 10. N-( ( 1R)- l-(3-(( 5-( 3-(2-(4-(2-( 2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolin-5-yl )piperazin-l - yl )-2-oxoethoxy )propoxy)pentyl )oxy)phenyl )ethyl )-3-( (l-methyl-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-yl)amino)benzamide hydrochloride. Colorless solid. Yield 54%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin , retention time 4.51 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1011.0 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-t 6) 5 10.93 (s, 1H), 9.53 (bs, 1H), 8.76 (m, 2H), 8.49 (m, 1H), 8.04 (bs, 2H), 7.53 (d, J= 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (m, 6H), 6.87 (m, 2H), 6.74 (dd, J= 7.9, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.46 (bs, 2H), 5.04 (m, 2H), 4.26 (m, 2H), 4.15 (s, 2H), 3.90 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.57 (s, 4H), 3.48 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.41 (m, 4H), 3.33 (m, 8H), 2.83 (m, 5H), 2.63 (m, 1H), 2.36 (m, 3H), 2.14 (m, 1H), 1.94 (m, 1H), 1.71 (m, 4H), 1.52 (p, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 1.39 (m, 5H).
Figure imgf000320_0001
[894] Compound 10. N-((1R )-!-( 3-(( 5-( 3-(2-(4-(2-( 2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-6-fluoro-l,3-dioxoisoindolin-5- yl)piperazin-l-yl)-2-oxoethoxy)propoxy)pentyl)oxy)phenyl)ethyl)-3-((l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4- triazol-3-yl)piperidm-4-yl)ammo)benzamide hydrochloride. Colorless solid. Yield 38%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin , retention time 4.76 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1043.2 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-t 6) 5 14.40 (bs, 1H), 11.09 (s, 1H), 9.47 (bs, 1H), 8.71 (s, 2H), 8.47 (s, 1H), 7.94 (bs, 2H), 7.74 (d, J= 11.3 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (d, J= 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (m, 4H), 6.87 (m, 2H), 6.73 (dd, J= 8.0, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.44 (bs, 2H), 5.10 (dd, J= 12.8, 5.4 Hz, 1H), 5.04 (m, 1H), 4.14 (s, 2H), 3.90 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.59 (s, 6H), 3.49 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.36 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.24 (s, 8H), 2.85 (m, 5H), 2.61 (m, 1H), 2.34 (m, 3H), 2.05 (m, 2H), 1.71 (m, 4H), 1.53 (m, 2H), 1.39 (m, 5H).
Figure imgf000320_0002
[895] Compound 8. (S)-methyl 2-(3-(5-(3-(l-(3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin-
4-ylamino)benzamido)ethyl)phenoxy)pentyloxy)propoxy)acetate. Light brown solid. Yield 88%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.17 min). MS (ESI) m/z 714.8 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000320_0003
[896] Compound 9. ((S )-2-( 3-( 5-( 3-(l-( 3-(l-methyl-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4- ylamino)benzamido)ethyl)phenoxy)pentyloxy)propoxy)acetic acid. Light brown solid. Yield 80%. LCMS (C18 column 20 X 2 mm, 2.5 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for 3min, retention time 1.12 min). MS (ESI) m/z 700.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000320_0004
[897] Compound 10. N-( (lS)-l-(3-( 5-( 3-(2-(2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolm-4-ylammo )-2- oxoethoxy)propoxy)pentyloxy)phenyl)ethyl)-3-(l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin-4- ylamino)benzamide hydrochloride. Colorless solid. Yield 26%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin , retention time 4.43 min). MS (ESI) m/z 941.9 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 11.00 (s, 1H), 9.70 (s, 1H), 9.54 (br.s, 1H), 8.7 (br.s, 2H), 8.52-8.50 ( m, 1H), 8.07 (br.s, 2H), 7.73 (d, J= 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.56 - 7.48 (m, 2H), 7.18 - 7.06 (m, 4H), 6.88 - 6.85 (m, 2H), 6.74 (d, J= 6.1 Hz, 1H), 6.65 - 6.36 (m, 2H), 5.14 (dd, J= 13.0, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 5.06 - 5.01 (m, 1H), 4.37 (q, J= 17.5 Hz, 3H), 4.08 (s, 2H), 3.89 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.58 (t, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.52 - 3.42 (m, 3H), 3.36 (t, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.32-3.25 (m, 2H), 2.95 - 2.79 (m, 4H), 2.66 - 2.57 (m, 1H), 2.40 - 2.33 (m, 3H), 2.17-2.11 (m, 1H), 2.02 - 1.98 (m, 1H), 1.82 - 1.78 (m, 2H), 1.70 - 1.63 (m, 2H), 1.55-1.48,
(m, 2H), 1.44 - 1.36 (
Figure imgf000321_0001
[898] Compound 8. (R)-methyl 2-(3-((5-(4-(l-(3-((l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-yl)amino)benzamido)ethyl)phenoxy)pentyl)oxy)propoxy)acetate. Light brown solid. Yield 78%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.50 min). MS (ESI) m/z 714.7 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000321_0002
[899] Compound 9. (R)-2-(3-((5-(4-(l-(3-((l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin-4- yl)amino)benzamido)ethyl)phenoxy)pentyl)oxy)propoxy)acetic acid. Light brown solid. Yield 80%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.30 min). MS (ESI) m/z 700.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000322_0001
[900] Compound 10. N-( (lR)-l-(4-(( 5-( 3-(2-((2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolin-4-yl )amino )-2- oxoethoxy )propoxy )pentyl )oxy )phenyl )ethyl )-3-(( l-methyl-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin- 4-yl)amino)benzamide hydrochloride. Colorless solid. Yield 33%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin , retention time 4.46 min). MS (ESI) m/z 941.9 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-t/6) 5 14.47 (bs, 1H), 11.00 (s, 1H), 9.69 (s, 1H),
9.49 (bs, 1H), 8.74 (m, 2H), 8.44 (m, 1H), 8.00 (bs, 2H), 7.73 (d, J= 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d, J= 7.6 Hz, 1H),
7.50 (t, J= 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (d, J= 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.07 (m, 3H), 6.80 (d, J= 8.6 Hz, 2H), 6.45 (bs, 2H), 5.14 (dd, J= 13.3, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 5.03 (m, 1H), 4.35 (m, 2H), 4.08 (s, 2H), 3.88 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.58 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.47 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.42 (m, 2H), 3.36 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.26 (m, 2H), 2.86 (m, 5H), 2.60 (m, 1H), 2.36 (m, 3H), 2.15 (m, 1H), 2.00 (m, 1H), 1.81 (p, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.67 (p, J= 6.7 Hz, 2H), 1.51 (m, 2H), 1.40 (m, 5H).
Figure imgf000322_0002
yl)piperazin-l-yl)-2-oxoethoxy)propoxy)pentyl)oxy)phenyl)ethyl)-3-((l-methyl-4-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-l,2,4- triazol-3-yl)piperidm-4-yl)ammo)benzamide hydrochloride. Colorless solid. Yield 50%. LCMS (Cl 8 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin , retention time 4.75 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1043.2 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-t 6) 5 14.48 (bs, 1H), 11.10 (s, 1H), 9.49 (bs, 1H), 8.74 (m, 2H), 8.43 (m, 1H), 8.01 (bs, 2H), 7.75 (d, J= 11.2 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (d, J= 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (d, J= 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.06 (m, 3H), 6.80 (d, J= 8.7 Hz, 2H), 6.45 (bs, 2H), 5.11 (dd, J= 12.7, 5.4 Hz, 1H), 5.03 (m, 1H), 4.15 (s, 2H), 3.89 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.60 (s, 8H), 3.49 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.42 (t, J= 6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.36 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.25 (s, 6H), 2.84 (m, 4H), 2.65 (m, 1H), 2.34 (m, 2H), 2.05 (m, 2H), 1.71 (m, 4H), 1.53 (m, 2H), 1.38 (m, 5H).
Figure imgf000323_0001
yl )-2-oxoethoxy )propoxy)pentyl )oxy)phenyl )ethyl )-3-( (l-methyl-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l, 2,4-triazol-3- yl)piperidin-4-yl)amino)benzamide hydrochloride. Colorless solid. Yield 48%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin , retention time 4.46 min). MS (ESI) m/z 1010.9 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-t/6) 5 14.53 (bs, 1H), 10.94 (s, 1H), 9.69 (bs, 1H), 8.76 (m, 2H), 8.44 (m, 1H), 8.04 (bs, 2H), 7.54 (d, J= 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (d, J= 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.06 (m, 5H), 6.81 (d, J= 8.6 Hz, 2H), 6.46 (bs, 2H), 5.04 (m, 2H), 4.24 (m, 2H), 4.15 (s, 2H), 3.88 (m, 6H), 3.57 (s, 6H), 3.48 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.41 (m, 2H), 3.34 (m, 6H), 2.84 (m, 4H), 2.60 (m, 1H), 2.36 (m, 2H), 2.16 (m, 1H), 1.94 (m, 1H), 1.71 (m, 4H), 1.52 (p, J= 6.7 Hz, 2H), 1.39 (m, 5H).
Figure imgf000323_0002
yl)piperidin-4-yl)amino)benzamido)ethyl)phenoxy)pentyl)oxy)propoxy)acetate. Light brown solid. Yield 78%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.50 min). MS (ESI) m/z 714.7 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000323_0003
[904] Compound 9. (S )-2-( 3-(( 5-( 4-(l-(3-( (l-methyl-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H- 1 ,2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin-4- yl)amino)benzamido)ethyl)phenoxy)pentyl)oxy)propoxy)acetic acid. Light brown solid. Yield 80%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1% TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin, retention time 4.30 min). MS (ESI) m/z 700.5 [MH]+.
Figure imgf000324_0001
[905] Compound 10. N-( (lS)-l-(4-(( 5-( 3-(2-((2-( 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl )-l -oxoisoindolin-4-yl )amino )-2- oxoethoxy )propoxy )pentyl )oxy )phenyl )ethyl )-3-(( l-methyl-4-( 5-(pyridin-4-yl )-4H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl )piperidin- 4-yl)amino)benzamide hydrochloride. Colorless solid. Yield 33%. LCMS (C18 column 100 X 4.6 mm, 5.0 pm, pore size 100 A, water-acetonitrile+0.1 % TFA, gradient 5 to 87% for lOmin , retention time 4.46 min). MS (ESI) m/z 941.9 [MH]+. ’H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-t 6) 5 14.47 (bs, 1H), 11.00 (s, 1H), 9.69 (s, 1H),
9.49 (bs, 1H), 8.74 (m, 2H), 8.44 (m, 1H), 8.00 (bs, 2H), 7.73 (d, J= 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d, J= 7.6 Hz, 1H),
7.50 (t, J= 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (d, J= 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.07 (m, 3H), 6.80 (d, J= 8.6 Hz, 2H), 6.45 (bs, 2H), 5.14 (dd, J= 13.3, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 5.03 (m, 1H), 4.35 (m, 2H), 4.08 (s, 2H), 3.88 (t, J= 6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.58 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.47 (t, J= 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.42 (m, 2H), 3.36 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.26 (m, 2H), 2.86 (m, 5H), 2.60 (m, 1H), 2.36 (m, 3H), 2.15 (m, 1H), 2.00 (m, 1H), 1.81 (p, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.67 (p, J= 6.7 Hz, 2H), 1.51 (m, 2H), 1.40 (m, 5H).
EQUIVALENTS AND SCOPE
[906] In the claims, articles such as “a,” “an,” and “the” may mean one or more than one unless indicated to the contrary or otherwise evident from the context. Claims or descriptions that include “or” between one or more members of a group are considered satisfied if one, more than one, or all of the group members are present in, employed in, or otherwise relevant to a given product or process unless indicated to the contrary or otherwise evident from the context. The present disclosure includes embodiments in which exactly one member of the group is present in, employed in, or otherwise relevant to a given product or process. The present disclosure includes embodiments in which more than one, or all of the group members are present in, employed in, or otherwise relevant to a given product or process.
[907] Furthermore, the present disclosure encompasses all variations, combinations, and permutations in which one or more limitations, elements, clauses, and descriptive terms from one or more of the listed claims is introduced into another claim. For example, any claim that is dependent on another claim can be modified to include one or more limitations found in any other claim that is dependent on the same base claim. Where elements are presented as lists, e.g., in Markush group format, each subgroup of the elements is also disclosed, and any element(s) can be removed from the group. It should it be understood that, in general, where the present disclosure, or aspects of the present disclosure, is/are referred to as comprising particular elements and/or features, certain embodiments of the present disclosure or aspects of the present disclosure consist, or consist essentially of, such elements and/or features. For purposes of simplicity, those embodiments have not been specifically set forth in haec verba herein. It is also noted that the terms “comprising” and “containing” are intended to be open and permits the inclusion of additional elements or steps. Where ranges are given, endpoints are included. Furthermore, unless otherwise indicated or otherwise evident from the context and understanding of one of ordinary skill in the art, values that are expressed as ranges can assume any specific value or sub-range within the stated ranges in different embodiments of the present disclosure, to the tenth of the unit of the lower limit of the range, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
[908] This application refers to various issued patents, published patent applications, journal articles, and other publications, all of which are incorporated herein by reference. If there is a conflict between any of the incorporated references and the instant specification, the specification shall control. In addition, any particular embodiment of the present disclosure that falls within the prior art may be explicitly excluded from any one or more of the claims. Because such embodiments are deemed to be known to one of ordinary skill in the art, they may be excluded even if the exclusion is not set forth explicitly herein. Any particular embodiment of the present disclosure can be excluded from any claim, for any reason, whether or not related to the existence of prior art.
[909] Those skilled in the art will recognize or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation many equivalents to the specific embodiments described herein. The scope of the present embodiments described herein is not intended to be limited to the above Description, but rather is as set forth in the appended claims. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that various changes and modifications to this description may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure, as defined in the following claims.

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:
1. A compound of Formula (I):
Figure imgf000326_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
X1 is CH, CR9, or N;
X3 is -NR1- or -O-;
X4 is -NR8- or -O-;
R1 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted Ci-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group;
R2 and R4 are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group; each instance of R3 is independently halogen, -CN, -OR°, -N(RN)2, -SRS, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 heteroalkyl, or optionally substituted Ci-6 acyl; each instance R6 and R9is independently halogen, -CN, -OR°, -N(RN)2, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, or optionally substituted C1-6 acyl; optionally wherein R1 and R9 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 5-8 membered heterocyclyl; each instance of R7 is independently halogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, -CN, -OR°, -N(RN)2, or -SRs, or two R7 on the same carbon atom are taken together to form =0, or two R7 on the same carbon atom are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl or optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl;
R8 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ce-io aryl Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group; each instance of R° is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or an oxygen protecting group; each instance of RN is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group, or two RN bonded to the same nitrogen atom are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl or optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl; each instance of Rs is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or a sulfur protecting group; a and b are each independently 1 or 2; c is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, as valency permits; m is 0, 1, 2, or 3; n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;
G1 is CH, CR15, or N;
G2, G3, G4, and G5 are each independently CH, CR16, or N; each instance of R15 and R16 is independently halogen, -OR°, -N(RN)2, -SRS, -CN, -N3, -NO2, -SCN, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, optionally substituted sulfonyl, or optionally substituted sulfinyl;
R13 and R14 are each independently hydrogen, halogen, -OR°, -N(RN)2, -SRS, -CN, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, or optionally substituted Ci- 6 acyl, or R13 and R14 are taken together to form =0, or R13 and R14 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl or optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl; optionally wherein R13 and R15 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted Cs s carbocyclyl or optionally substituted 5-8 membered heterocyclyl;
L1 is a linker selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C1-40 alkylene, optionally substituted C2-40 alkenylene, optionally substituted C2-40 alkynylene, optionally substituted C1-40 heteroalkylene, optionally substituted C2-40 heteroalkenylene, optionally substituted C2-40 heteroalkynylene, optionally substituted C1-40 acylene, and any combination thereof, optionally interrupted with one or more instances of optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclylene, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclylene, optionally substituted Ce-io arylene, or optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroarylene, or any combination thereof;
Z1 is a bond, -O-, -NRN-, -S-, -C(=O)-, optionally substituted -CH2-, or optionally substituted heterocyclylene;
Z2 is a bond, -O-, -NRN-, -S-, -C(=O)-, optionally substituted -CH2-, or optionally substituted heterocyclylene; and
Deg is a degradation moiety.
2. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is of the formula:
Figure imgf000328_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
3. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is of the formula:
Figure imgf000328_0002
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein p 0, 1, 2, or 3.
4. The compound of claim 3, wherein the compound is of the formula:
Figure imgf000329_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
5. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is of the formula:
Figure imgf000329_0002
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
6. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is of the formula:
Figure imgf000329_0003
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
7. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound is of the formula:
Figure imgf000330_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein p is 0, 1, 2, or 3.
8. The compound of claim 7, wherein the compound is of the formula:
Figure imgf000330_0002
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
9. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the degradation moiety is a ubiquitin ligase binding moiety.
10. The compound of claim 9, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the ubiquitin ligase binding moiety comprises a Cereblon ligand, a Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) ligand, a mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) ligand, or a von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) ligand.
11. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, wherein Deg is a group of the following formula:
Figure imgf000330_0003
wherein:
Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 are each independently CRA1, CH, or N;
R 5 is hydrogen, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group; each instance of RA1 is independently halogen, -CN, -N3, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, -OR°, -N(RN)2, or -SRs;
RA6 and RA7 are independently hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or optionally RA6 and RA7 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl or 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, or optionally RA6 and RA7 are taken together to form =0; each instance of RA1° is independently halogen or optionally substituted Ci-Ce alkyl; and r is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.
12. The compound of claim 11, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Deg is a group of the following formula:
Figure imgf000331_0001
wherein s is 0, 1, 2, or 3.
13. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Deg is a group of one of the following formulae:
Figure imgf000331_0002
14. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, wherein Deg is a group of the following formula:
Figure imgf000331_0003
wherein:
RB2 and RB5 are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group; each instance of RB6, RB7, and RB8 is independently hydrogen, halogen, -CN, -N3, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, -OR°, -N(RN)2, or -SRs;
RB3 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, or optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl;
RB4 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, or an oxygen protecting group;
RB9 and RB1° are independently hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or optionally RB9 and RB1° are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl or optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl; each instance of RB11 is independently halogen or optionally substituted Ci-Ce alkyl; q is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; and v2 is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.
15. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Deg is a group of the following formula:
Figure imgf000332_0001
16. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Deg is a group of the following formula:
Figure imgf000332_0002
17. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Deg is a group of the formula:
Figure imgf000333_0001
wherein:
RCe, RCg, an RCh are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, optionally substituted Ci-6 acyl, or a nitrogen protecting group; optionally wherein RCg and Rch are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl or optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl; each instance of RCa and RCb is independently halogen, -CN, -N3, -NO2, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C1-6 acyl, -OR°, -N(RN)2, or -SRs;
RCd and Rcf are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl, optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted C 10 aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, or optionally substituted Ci 6 acyl; each instance of RCc is independently halogen or optionally substituted Ci-Ce alkyl; y is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; and z is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7.
18. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Deg is a group of the following formula:
Figure imgf000333_0002
19. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Deg is a group of the following formula:
Figure imgf000334_0001
20. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z1 is -O-.
21. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z2 is -NH- or -O-.
22. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z2 is of the formula:
Figure imgf000334_0002
23. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z2 is a bond.
24. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L1 is optionally substituted C1-40 alkylene or optionally substituted C1-40 heteroalkylene.
25. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L1 is optionally substituted C1-20 alkylene or optionally substituted C1-20 heteroalkylene.
26. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L1 is comprises one or more groups independently selected from -C(=O)-, -O-, -NRN- -OC(=O)-, -C(=O)O-, -NRNC(=O)-, and-C(=O)NRN-
27. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L1 is comprises one or more groups independently selected from -C(=O)-, -O-, -NH-, -OC(=O)-, -C(=O)O-, -NHC(=O)-, and-C(=O)NH-
28. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L1 is of one of the following formulae:
Figure imgf000335_0001
29. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L1 is of one of the following formulae:
Figure imgf000335_0002
Figure imgf000336_0001
O' O'
30. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein -Z'-L'-Z2- is of one of the following formulae:
Figure imgf000337_0001
31. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein -Z'-L'-Z2- is of one of the following formulae:
Figure imgf000338_0001
Figure imgf000339_0001
32. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the group of the formula:
Figure imgf000340_0001
33. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
Figure imgf000340_0002
34. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the group of the formula:
Figure imgf000340_0004
f the formula:
Figure imgf000340_0003
Y3 is -O-, -NRN-, or -S-; each instance of R17 is independently halogen, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, -CN, -OR°, -N(RN)2, or -SRs, or two R17 on the same carbon atom are taken together to form =0, or two R17 on the same carbon atom are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted Cs s carbocyclyl or optionally substituted 3-8 membered heterocyclyl; d is 0, 1, or 2; and e is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7, as valency permits.
35. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the group of the formula:
Figure imgf000340_0005
36. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the group of the formula:
Figure imgf000341_0001
f one of the following formulae:
Figure imgf000341_0002
Figure imgf000341_0003
37. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X1 is CH.
38. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X3 is NH.
39. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X3 is NR1.
40. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 is hydrogen or optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl.
41. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, //-butyl, isobutyl, sec -butyl, tert-butyl, and
Figure imgf000341_0004
42. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X4 is -NH- or -NMe-.
43. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X4 is -NR8-.
44. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R8 is hydrogen or optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl.
45. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, //-propyl , iso-propyl, //-butyl , iso-
Figure imgf000342_0001
46. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2 is hydrogen.
47. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R4 is hydrogen.
48. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein n is 0 or 1.
49. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein n is 0.
50. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein m is 0.
51. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein c is 0 or 1.
52. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein c is 0.
53. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein at least one instance of R7 is optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl.
54. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein at least one instance of R7 is methyl.
55. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein a is 1.
56. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein b is 1.
57. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein b is 2.
58. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein G1 is CR15 or CH.
59. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein G2 is CR16 or CH.
60. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein G3 is CR16 or CH.
61. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein G4 is CR16 or CH.
62. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein G5 is CR16 or CH.
63. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein G5 is N.
64. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R15 is halogen, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, -OR°, or -N(RN)2.
65. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R15 is -F or -CF3.
66. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein p is 0 or 1.
67. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein p is 0.
68. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein at least one instance of R16 is halogen, optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl, -OR°, or -N(RN)2.
69. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein at least one instance of R16 is -F or -CF3.
70. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R14 is hydrogen.
71. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R13 is hydrogen, -CN, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or optionally substituted C36 carbocyclyl.
72. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R13 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -CN, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n- butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, -CF3,
Figure imgf000344_0001
73. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R13 is methyl.
74. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R13 is methyl; and R14 is hydrogen.
75. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R13 and R15 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form optionally substituted 5-8 membered heterocyclyl.
76. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Y3 is -O-.
77. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein d is 0 or 1.
78. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein d is 1.
79. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein e is 0, 1, or 2.
80. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein at least one instance of R17 is optionally substituted Ci-6 alkyl.
81. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein at least one instance of R17 is methyl.
82. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is selected from the compounds in Table A or Table 1, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
83. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
84. A method comprising administering to a subject a compound of any one of claims 1-82, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof, wherein the subject has cancer.
85. A method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a compound of any one of claims 1-82, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 83.
86. The method of claim 84 or 85, wherein the cancer is pancreatic cancer or colon cancer.
87. A method of inhibiting tumor growth in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a compound of any one of claims 1-82, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 83.
88. The method of claim 87, wherein the tumor growth is inhibited by at least 10%, relative to control.
89. A method comprising administering to a subject a compound of any one of claims 1-82, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 83, wherein the subject has a cardiovascular disease.
90. A method of treating a cardiovascular disease in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a compound of any one of claims 1-82, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 83.
91. The method of claim 89 or 90, wherein the cardiovascular disease is heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, or hypertension.
92. A method comprising administering to a subject a compound of any one of claims 1-82, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 83, wherein the subject has a GRK2- or GRK3-related disease.
93. A method of treating a GRK2- or GRK3-related disease in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a compound of any one of claims 1-82, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 83.
94. The method of claim 92 or 93, wherein the disease is a GRK-2 related disease.
95. A method of degrading a GRK2 or GRK3 protein comprising contacting the GRK2 or GRK3 protein with a compound of any one of claims 1-82, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 83.
96. The method of claim 95 for degrading a GRK2 protein.
97. The method of claim 95 or 96, wherein the degrading occurs in vitro.
98. The method of claim 95 or 96, wherein the degrading occurs in vivo in a subject.
99. A method of reducing the level of GRK2 or GRK3 in a cell comprising contacting the cell with a compound of any one of claims 1-82, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 83.
100. The method of claim 99, wherein the level of GRK2 or GRK3 is reduced by at least 10%, relative to control.
101. The method of claim 99 or 100 for reducing the level of GRK2.
102. The method of any one of claims 99-101, wherein the reducing occurs in vitro.
103. The method of any one of claims 99-101, wherein the reducing occurs in vivo in a subject.
104. The method of any one of claims 84-103, wherein the subject is a human.
105. A compound of any one of claims 1-82, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 83, for use in a method of any one of claims 84-104.
106. Use of a compound of any one of claims 1-82, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 83, for the manufacture of a medicament.
107. A kit comprising a compound of any one of claims 1-82, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 83; and optionally instructions for use.
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