WO2023128088A1 - 홀로그래픽 디스플레이의 최적화 방법 및 그 장치 - Google Patents
홀로그래픽 디스플레이의 최적화 방법 및 그 장치 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023128088A1 WO2023128088A1 PCT/KR2022/009237 KR2022009237W WO2023128088A1 WO 2023128088 A1 WO2023128088 A1 WO 2023128088A1 KR 2022009237 W KR2022009237 W KR 2022009237W WO 2023128088 A1 WO2023128088 A1 WO 2023128088A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/26—Processes or apparatus specially adapted to produce multiple sub- holograms or to obtain images from them, e.g. multicolour technique
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/02—Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording
- G03H1/024—Hologram nature or properties
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
- G03H1/0443—Digital holography, i.e. recording holograms with digital recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
- G03H1/08—Synthesising holograms, i.e. holograms synthesized from objects or objects from holograms
- G03H1/0808—Methods of numerical synthesis, e.g. coherent ray tracing [CRT], diffraction specific
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/22—Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
- G03H1/2294—Addressing the hologram to an active spatial light modulator
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2226/00—Electro-optic or electronic components relating to digital holography
- G03H2226/05—Means for tracking the observer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2240/00—Hologram nature or properties
- G03H2240/20—Details of physical variations exhibited in the hologram
- G03H2240/40—Dynamic of the variations
- G03H2240/41—Binary
Definitions
- An embodiment of the present invention relates to a holographic display, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for optimizing a holographic display.
- a general holographic display uses a coherent light source and a spatial light modulator to complex modulate a light wave and reconstruct a desired complex wavefront. It is considered one of the next-generation displays in terms of computationally reconstructing the light wave itself.
- the propagation calculation of light waves is basically based on a diffraction integral equation of a rayleigh-sommerfield and a light wave propagation equation derived therefrom.
- hologram encoding proceeds differently depending on the driving method of the Spatial Light Modulator (SLM).
- SLM Spatial Light Modulator
- the direct method propagates a desired light wave and encodes it according to the modulation method of the spatial light modulator. This is excellent in terms of hologram acquisition speed because the entire calculation process is performed once, but the quality of the reproduced hologram is poor.
- the iterative method includes an iterative Fourier Transform Algorithm, a Gerchberg_saxton algorithm, and a stochastic gradient descent based optimization method. A hologram obtained through optimization through repetition of reproduction and reconstruction is excellent in terms of image quality of the reproduced holographic image. This is because errors due to light wave propagation calculation and hologram encoding can be considered through the iterative method.
- a holographic display is an ultimate display in that a three-dimensional volume can be expressed through a single spatial light modulator.
- various factors affect the 2D quality and 3D expressive power of holographic images, and there is a trade-off between them. Factors affecting the image quality of a hologram can be largely classified into three categories: the number of overlapping frames, the type of light source, and the phase distribution of the complex field being reproduced.
- a binary spatial light modulator capable of high-speed driving or a digital micro-reflective indicator is used.
- direct hologram encoding is performed instead of an iterative optimization process. Due to the incomplete holographic binary encoding, binary holographic images have low contrast values.
- a technical problem to be achieved by embodiments of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for optimizing a holographic display by minimizing noise of a binary hologram capable of high-speed driving.
- An example of a method for optimizing a holographic display according to an embodiment of the present invention to achieve the above technical problem is predicted by back-propagating target field data composed of a plurality of planes in the depth direction to the complex plane of the spatial light modulator.
- generating a hologram converting the prediction hologram into a binary hologram; generating predicted field data obtained by propagating the binary hologram to a reproduction surface using an optical system simulation model; calculating a loss function of the predicted field data and the target field data; generating a new prediction hologram for the prediction field data using a stochastic gradient descent method; and repeating the steps from converting to the binary hologram to generating the new prediction hologram until the value of the loss function is less than a predefined threshold.
- an example of a holographic display device is a prediction hologram by back-propagating target field data composed of a plurality of planes in a depth direction to a complex plane of a spatial light modulator.
- a back propagation unit to generate; a binarization unit converting the prediction hologram into a binary hologram; a propagation unit generating predicted field data obtained by propagating the binary hologram to a reproduction surface using an optical system simulation model; and an error detection unit that calculates a loss function between the prediction field data and the target field data, wherein the back propagation unit uses a stochastic gradient descent method to make new predictions for the predicted field data so that the value of the loss function becomes smaller.
- a hologram is generated, and the error detection unit repeats the process of generating the new prediction hologram until the value of the loss function is less than a predefined threshold value.
- binary noise resulting from binarization of a hologram can be reduced.
- a high-contrast holographic image with reduced speckle noise can be provided by overlapping hologram frames using a high-speed driving display.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a method for generating a target image according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the concept of propagation and backpropagation according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a method for optimizing a holographic display according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a modified example of a binary operator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the configuration of an example of a holographic display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 are diagrams illustrating experimental examples to which a method for optimizing a holographic display according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method of generating a target image according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- target images 110 and 130 to be displayed in space through a holographic display are depth images 100 or multi-faceted images 120 (eg, MRI or CT images). ) can be generated from The depth image 100 may be a red, green, blue (RGB) color depth image (RGB-D) or a black and white depth image.
- RGB red, green, blue
- RGB-D color depth image
- various methods of generating the target images 110 and 130 may be applied to this embodiment and are not limited to any one method.
- this embodiment presents an example of generating the target images 110 and 130 based on the depth image 100 and the multi-faceted image 120 to aid understanding.
- a target image 110 having a plurality of faces in a depth direction may be generated using a depth image 100 obtained by photographing an object from at least one viewpoint or direction.
- a target image 110 having a plurality of sides by extracting only intensity information of each pixel according to depth from the depth image 100, the light intensity information of each side of the target image 110 and the real space Since the light intensity information in is different, a large error occurs in the light propagation process. Therefore, it is assumed that the real world observed by humans is composed of non-coherent light, and the intensity information of each surface obtained from the depth image 100 is extracted from each surface of the target image 110 through non-coherent light propagation.
- the target image 130 may be generated through energy conservation processing. That is, the target image 130 may be generated by performing an energy conservation transform that adjusts the energy of each facet of the multifaceted image 120 for each color (R, G, and B).
- this embodiment presents the 3D target images 110 and 130 composed of a plurality of planes
- a target image composed of one plane may be used as another example.
- the 3D target images 110 and 130 will be used as a reference.
- the target images 110 and 130 are defined by the method of FIG. 1 or various conventional methods.
- the present embodiment is not limited to a method of generating a specific target image, and may be implemented using target images generated by various conventional methods.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the concept of propagation and back propagation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- forward propagation refers to a process of obtaining a holographic image displayed on a reproduction surface 210 of a space through a spatial light modulator (SLM), and back propagation refers to a process of reproducing a hologram through a spatial light modulator (SLM).
- SLM spatial light modulator
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for optimizing a holographic display according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a holographic display device (hereinafter referred to as 'device') reverse-propagates target field data 300 to generate a hologram (hereinafter referred to as 'prediction hologram') in a complex plane of the spatial light modulator.
- the target field data 300 means data having a random phase distribution in the light intensity of each surface of the target images 110 and 130 examined in FIG. 1 . Since the method of calculating the hologram on the complex plane (200 in FIG. 2) of the spatial light modulator by back-propagating the target field data 300 on the reproduction plane (210 in FIG. omit
- the device converts the predictive hologram (310) to a binary hologram (320).
- Each pixel of the prediction hologram has a complex value of light intensity and phase.
- each pixel of a general hologram has intensity and phase values as 8-bit data.
- the apparatus generates a binary hologram by binarizing the intensity value of each pixel to 0 or 1 by comparing the size of each pixel of the prediction hologram (ie, the absolute value of the complex value of each pixel) with a predefined reference value.
- the device generates a binary hologram 320 having a binary value by converting the size value of each pixel of the prediction hologram to '1' if the size value is greater than the reference value and to '0' if the size value is smaller than the reference value.
- the device grasps field data (hereinafter, referred to as 'prediction field data 340') on the reproduction surface through the propagation operation of the binary hologram 320.
- the device may calculate prediction field data 340 when the binary hologram 320 is propagated to the reproduction surface by using a model that simulates the optical system of the holographic display. It is assumed that the optical system simulation model is predefined in various ways.
- the device determines the error of the loss function for the predicted field data 340 and the target field data 300 .
- the device may determine an error using a loss function that cumulatively sums Mean Square Errors (MSE) of each side of the predicted field data 340 and the target field data 300 .
- MSE Mean Square Errors
- Various loss functions for determining errors may be applied to this embodiment.
- the device uses a probability gradient descent (SGD) method in the direction in which the error of the loss function is reduced (340). ) to generate a new prediction hologram 310.
- the device converts the new prediction hologram 310 into a binary hologram 320 and propagates it to generate new prediction field data 340 .
- the device repeats the process of generating the prediction hologram 310 and the prediction field data 340 until the error of the loss function between the prediction field data 340 and the target field data 300 is less than a threshold value. If the error of the loss function between the predicted field data 330 and the target field data 300 is less than the threshold value, the device outputs the recently generated prediction hologram 310 as an optimized hologram for the target field data 300. do.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a modified example of a binary operator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- each pixel of a binary hologram has a binary value of 0 or 1
- a binary operator 400 representing each pixel is a non-differentiable function.
- the apparatus may calculate a differential value by replacing the binary operator 9400 with the hyperbolic tangent function (Htanh(x)) 410 so that the binary operator can be differentiated in the backpropagation process to which the stochastic gradient descent method is applied.
- Htanh(x) hyperbolic tangent function
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of an example of a holographic display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the holographic display device 500 includes a back propagation unit 510 , a binarization unit 520 , a propagation unit 530 and an error detection unit 540 .
- the holographic display device 500 may be implemented as a computing device including an element constituting an optical system such as a spatial light modulator and the configuration of the present embodiment for hologram optimization.
- the configuration of the present embodiment may be implemented as software and loaded into a memory and then executed by a processor.
- the back propagation unit 510 generates a prediction hologram by back-propagating the target field data composed of a plurality of planes to the complex plane of the spatial light modulator.
- the binarization unit 520 converts the prediction hologram into a binary hologram.
- the binarization unit 520 converts the pixel value into a binary value of 0 or 1 by comparing the magnitude of the value of the complex plane corresponding to each pixel of the prediction hologram with a predefined reference value.
- the propagation unit 530 generates prediction field data obtained by propagating a binary hologram to a reproduction surface using an optical system simulation model.
- the error detection unit 540 calculates loss functions of the predicted field data and the target field data.
- the error detection unit 540 repeatedly performs a process of generating a new prediction hologram using a stochastic gradient descent method until the value of the loss function is less than a predefined threshold value. That is, if the error is less than the critical value, the backpropagation unit 510 generates a new prediction hologram for the prediction field data so that the value of the loss function is minimized using the stochastic gradient descent method, and the binarization unit 520 generates a new prediction hologram. A new binary hologram is generated for , and the propagation unit 530 generates new prediction field data for the new binary hologram.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 are diagrams illustrating experimental examples to which a method for optimizing a holographic display according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 6 a holographic image reproduced with a depth range of 4.0D at 0.5 diopter (D, the reciprocal of the distance in meters from the eye) through the holographic display is shown.
- 6A shows a holographic image reproduced by a direct binary hologram encoding method, which is a conventional method, and a method of the present embodiment when a single depth image is provided. It can be seen that the prior art reproduces an image with low contrast, but the method of the present embodiment reproduces an image with high contrast.
- FIG. 6B shows a comparison between a method of providing a high-quality image by limiting a phase in a 2D holographic image (smooth phase) and the method of the present embodiment.
- the target image generated through the incoherent propagation described in FIG. 1 exists, it can be seen that the image reproduced by the method of the present embodiment is similar to the target image.
- FIG. 7 an example of independent hologram reconstruction according to depth is shown. If a 3D object such as MRI or CT exists with information of various cross-sections, it is possible to reconstruct a target image without considering occlusion as described in FIG. 1 .
- 7A shows a three-dimensional sample of a nerve bundle elongated in the depth direction.
- a hologram is generated by the method of the present embodiment based on the acquired images of various cross-sections, it can be reconstructed as shown in FIG. 7B. It can be seen that the method of the present embodiment can reproduce an arbitrary wavefront in the depth range in that it can be reconstructed into independent planes according to the depth.
- Each embodiment of the present invention can also be implemented as computer readable codes on a computer readable recording medium.
- a computer-readable recording medium includes all types of recording devices in which data that can be read by a computer system is stored. Examples of computer-readable recording media include ROM, RAM, CD-ROM, SSD, and optical data storage devices.
- the computer-readable recording medium may be distributed to computer systems connected through a network to store and execute computer-readable codes in a distributed manner.
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Claims (7)
- 깊이 방향으로 복수 개의 면으로 구성된 목표 필드데이터를 공간광변조기의 복소 평면으로 역전파하여 예측 홀로그램을 생성하는 단계;상기 예측 홀로그램을 이진 홀로그램으로 변환하는 단계;광학계 모사 모델을 이용하여 상기 이진 홀로그램을 재생면으로 전파한 예측 필드데이터를 생성하는 단계;상기 예측 필드데이터와 상기 목표 필드데이터의 손실함수를 계산하는 단계;확률경사하강법을 이용하여 상기 예측 필드데이터에 대한 새로운 예측 홀로그램을 생성하는 단계; 및상기 손실함수의 값이 기 정의된 임계값 미만이 될 때까지 상기 이진 홀로그램으로 변환하는 단계부터 상기 새로운 예측 홀로그램을 생성하는 단계까지를 반복 수행하는 단계;를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 홀로그래픽 디스플레이의 최적화 방법.
- 제 1항에 있어서, 상기 이진 홀로그램으로 변환하는 단계는,상기 예측 홀로그램의 각 픽셀에 해당하는 복소 평면의 값의 크기와 기 정의된 기준값을 비교하여 상기 픽셀의 값을 0 또는 1의 이진값으로 변환하는 단계;를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 홀로그래픽 디스플레이의 최적화 방법.
- 제 1항에 있어서, 상기 새로운 예측 홀로그램을 생성하는 단계는,이진값을 나타내는 이진 함수를 하이퍼볼릭탄젠트함수로 치환하여 상기 확률경사하강법을 적용하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 홀로그래픽 디스플레이의 최적화 방법.
- 깊이 방향으로 복수 개의 면으로 구성된 목표 필드데이터를 공간광변조기의 복소 평면으로 역전파하여 예측 홀로그램을 생성하는 역전파부;상기 예측 홀로그램을 이진 홀로그램으로 변환하는 이진화부;광학계 모사 모델을 이용하여 상기 이진 홀로그램을 재생면에 전파한 예측 필드데이터를 생성하는 전파부;상기 예측 필드데이터와 상기 목표 필드데이터의 손실함수를 계산하는 오차파악부;를 포함하고,상기 역전파부는, 손실함수의 값이 작아지도록 확률경사하강법을 이용하여 상기 예측 필드데이터에 대한 새로운 예측 홀로그램을 생성하고,상기 오차파악부는, 상기 손실함수의 값이 기 정의된 임계값 미만이 될 때까지 상기 새로운 예측 홀로그램을 생성하는 과정을 반복 수행하는 것을 특징으로 하는 홀로그래픽 디스플레이 장치.
- 제 4항에 있어서, 상기 이진화부는,상기 예측 홀로그램의 각 픽셀에 해당하는 복소 평면의 값의 크기와 기 정의된 기준값을 비교하여 상기 픽셀의 값을 0 또는 1의 이진값으로 변환하는 것을 특징으로 하는 홀로그래픽 디스플레이 장치.
- 제 4항에 있어서, 상기 역전파부는,이진값을 나타내는 이진 함수를 하이퍼볼릭탄젠트함수로 치환하여 상기 확률경사하강법을 적용하는 것을 특징으로 하는 홀로그래픽 디스플레이 장치.
- 제 4항에 기재된 방법을 수행하기 위한 컴퓨터 프로그램을 기록한 컴퓨터로 읽을 수 있는 기록매체.
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US20110251982A1 (en) * | 2010-03-06 | 2011-10-13 | Eric John Dluhos | Holographic computer system |
KR20210126490A (ko) * | 2020-04-10 | 2021-10-20 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 이미지 및 포즈 변화에 기반한 깊이맵 재투사 방법 및 xr 표시 장치 |
US20210326690A1 (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2021-10-21 | The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill | High-speed computer generated holography using convolutional neural networks |
US20210389724A1 (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2021-12-16 | Northwestern University | Holographic display system |
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KR102277100B1 (ko) * | 2020-01-29 | 2021-07-15 | 광운대학교 산학협력단 | 인공지능 및 딥러닝 기술을 이용한 랜덤위상을 갖는 홀로그램 생성방법 |
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US20110251982A1 (en) * | 2010-03-06 | 2011-10-13 | Eric John Dluhos | Holographic computer system |
US20210389724A1 (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2021-12-16 | Northwestern University | Holographic display system |
KR20210126490A (ko) * | 2020-04-10 | 2021-10-20 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 이미지 및 포즈 변화에 기반한 깊이맵 재투사 방법 및 xr 표시 장치 |
US20210326690A1 (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2021-10-21 | The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill | High-speed computer generated holography using convolutional neural networks |
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US20250085664A1 (en) | 2025-03-13 |
KR102683827B1 (ko) | 2024-07-10 |
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