WO2023125629A1 - 图像传感器、曝光控制方法、摄像模组和电子设备 - Google Patents

图像传感器、曝光控制方法、摄像模组和电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023125629A1
WO2023125629A1 PCT/CN2022/142698 CN2022142698W WO2023125629A1 WO 2023125629 A1 WO2023125629 A1 WO 2023125629A1 CN 2022142698 W CN2022142698 W CN 2022142698W WO 2023125629 A1 WO2023125629 A1 WO 2023125629A1
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signal
module
photosensitive element
image sensor
image
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PCT/CN2022/142698
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English (en)
French (fr)
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游宏豪
苏佳明
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维沃移动通信有限公司
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Publication of WO2023125629A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023125629A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
    • H04N25/50—Control of the SSIS exposure

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  • the present application belongs to the technical field of image processing, and in particular relates to an image sensor, an exposure control method, a camera module and electronic equipment.
  • the quality of the image captured by the camera of the smart terminal depends on the exposure accuracy of the image sensor.
  • the current mainstream exposure method is global exposure, that is, the same exposure parameters are set for each pixel unit to complete image shooting.
  • the present application aims to provide an image sensor, an exposure control method, a camera module and an electronic device to solve the problem of overexposure at a light source or underexposure at a backlight.
  • the embodiment of the present application proposes an image sensor, which includes a photosensitive element, a reset switch, and a signal control circuit, and the signal control circuit includes: a voltage logic judgment module and a logic control module;
  • the first end of the voltage logic judgment module is connected to the first end of the photosensitive element, the second end of the voltage logic judgment module is connected to the second end of the photosensitive element, and the voltage logic judgment module is used for When it is detected that the voltage difference between the two ends of the photosensitive element reaches a preset voltage threshold, an automatic control signal is output to control the reset switch to be turned on so that the electrons in the photosensitive element are in an empty state, and the electrons in the photosensitive element are sent to the The first input terminal of the logic control module outputs a counting signal;
  • the first input end of the logic control module is connected to the first end of the voltage logic judgment module, the output end of the logic control module is connected to the reset switch, and the first input end of the logic control module is used for For receiving the count signal, the second input terminal of the logic control module is used to receive a control signal, and the logic control module is used to control the reset switch to be turned on when the control signal meets a preset condition.
  • the electrons in the photosensitive element are in an empty state.
  • the embodiment of the present application proposes an exposure control method, which is applied to the image sensor described in the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application, and the method includes:
  • the second image collected by the image sensor is exposed according to the second exposure amount corresponding to each image area.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a camera module, which includes: the image sensor described in any one of the first aspects of the embodiments of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, which includes the camera module described in the third aspect of the embodiment of the present application.
  • the image sensor includes a photosensitive element, a reset switch, and a signal control circuit
  • the signal control circuit includes: a voltage logic judgment module and a logic control module; the first terminal of the voltage logic judgment module is connected to the The first end of the photosensitive element is connected, the second end of the voltage logic judgment module is connected to the second end of the photosensitive element, and the voltage logic judgment module is used to detect the voltage difference between the two ends of the photosensitive element
  • an automatic control signal is output to control the conduction of the reset switch so that the electrons in the photosensitive element are in an empty state, and a counting signal is output to the first input terminal of the logic control module
  • the first input end of the logic control module is connected to the first end of the voltage logic judgment module, the output end of the logic control module is connected to the reset switch, and the first input end of the logic control module is used for For receiving the count signal, the second input terminal of the logic control module is used to receive a control signal, and the logic control module is
  • the electrons in the photosensitive element are in an empty state.
  • the logic control module to control the on-off of the reset switch, and the voltage logic judgment module can output the counting signal, after the exposure is completed, the photosensitive signal of the photosensitive element can be accurately obtained to avoid overexposure at the light source or underexposure at the backlight. In the case of exposure, it can realize the high dynamic sensitivity function of the pixel unit and improve the image quality level.
  • the embodiment of the present application can implement partitioned exposure for each image region, improve exposure precision, and further improve the image quality level.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a pixel unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement structure of pixel units of an image sensor provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a circuit structure of a pixel unit in FIG. 1;
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement structure of the camera module provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of an exposure control method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another camera module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • 10-image sensor 11-pixel unit, 11a-R pixel unit, 11b-G pixel unit, 11c-B pixel unit; 1111-photosensitive element; 1114-first switch; 1115-voltage judgment module; 1116-reset switch ;1118-logic control module; 112-electric energy storage module; Vs-signal terminal; VDD-power supply terminal; GND-ground terminal; RST-reset switch; SF-source follower; SET-selection switch; Vout-signal output terminal; 600-camera module; 620-lens; 630-circuit board; 640-filter; 650-motor; 660-base; 670-protective film.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components.
  • the embodiment of the present application relates to an image sensor, which is used as a component of a camera module to sense an optical signal and convert the optical signal into an electrical signal for output to form image data.
  • an image sensor 10 includes a plurality of pixel units 11 .
  • These pixel units 11 are arranged according to set rules to form a pixel array, for example, the pixel array includes R pixel unit 11a, G pixel unit 11b, B pixel unit 11c and so on in sequence.
  • one pixel unit 11 of the image sensor 10 corresponds to one pixel point of the collected image, for example, the R pixel unit 11a corresponds to one pixel point of the collected image, and the G pixel unit 11b corresponds to one pixel point of the collected image, And, the B pixel unit 11c corresponds to one pixel of the captured image.
  • a pixel unit in the image sensor includes a photosensitive element 1111 , which is a photosensitive diode, and the photosensitive diode can be any one of red photodiode, green photodiode and blue photodiode.
  • the red photodiodes are used for sensing red (Red, R) light signals
  • the green photodiodes are used for sensing green (Green, G) light signals
  • the blue photodiodes are used for sensing blue (Blue, B) light signals.
  • the pixel units are arranged according to set rules to form a conventional RGB pixel array, wherein the RGB pixel array may include a red photosensitive element R, a green photosensitive element G, and a blue photosensitive element B.
  • the RGB pixel array may be a Bayer pixel array.
  • the camera module shown in FIG. 4 is a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, CMOS) camera module.
  • CMOS complementary metal oxide semiconductor
  • the general workflow of the CMOS camera module is: a large number of photosensitive diodes sense the light signal and convert it into an electrical signal, the electrical signal is amplified by the amplifier circuit, and the analog-to-digital conversion circuit performs analog-to-digital conversion to form a digital signal matrix (ie image) .
  • the camera module adopts rolling shutter exposure, that is, the pixel array in the image sensor is exposed in a progressive scanning manner until all pixels are exposed.
  • the image sensor includes a reset switch 1116 and a signal control circuit.
  • the signal control circuit includes a voltage logic judgment module 1115 and a logic control module 1118 .
  • the first end of the voltage logic judgment module 1115 is connected to the first end of the photosensitive element 1111
  • the second end of the voltage logic judgment module 1115 is connected to the second end of the photosensitive element 1111
  • the The voltage logic judging module 1115 is configured to output an automatic control signal to control the reset switch 1116 to turn on when detecting that the voltage difference between the two ends of the photosensitive element 1111 reaches a preset voltage threshold.
  • the electrons are in an empty state and output a count signal.
  • the first input end of the logic control module 1118 is connected to the first end of the voltage logic judgment module 1115, the output end of the logic control module 1118 is connected to the reset switch 1116, and the logic control module 1118
  • the first input terminal is used to receive the counting signal
  • the second input terminal of the logic control module 1118 is used to receive the control signal
  • the logic control module 1118 is used to control the reset when the control signal meets the preset condition
  • the switch 1116 is turned on so that the electrons in the photosensitive element 1111 are in an empty state. For example, when the logic control module 1118 receives a strong control signal, the reset switch 1116 can be controlled to turn on the photosensitive element. The electrons in 1111 are empty.
  • the signal control circuit further includes a first switch 1114 , and the photosensitive element 1111 and the first switch 1114 are connected in series between the signal terminal Vs and the ground terminal GND.
  • each pixel unit 11 in the pixel array of the image sensor may be correspondingly provided with a reset switch and a signal control circuit, or Any one or more pixel units 11 in the pixel array may be correspondingly provided with a reset switch and a signal control circuit.
  • the pixel unit 11 represented by the gray box in FIG. 4 may be provided with a corresponding reset switch and signal control circuit, while other pixel units other than the pixel unit 11 represented by the gray box may not be provided with a corresponding reset switch and signal control circuit. .
  • all pixel units in FIG. 4 are provided with corresponding reset switches and signal control circuits.
  • the voltage logic judgment module 1115 outputs an automatic control signal to control the reset switch 1116 to turn on One count is performed by making the electrons in the photosensitive element 1111 in an empty state, and outputting a count signal to the first input terminal of the logic control module 1118 .
  • the logic control module 1118 controls the reset switch 1116 to be turned on so that the electrons in the photosensitive element 1111 are in an empty state.
  • the preset condition may be that the received control signal is a mandatory control signal. In this way, all brightness information of the photosensitive element 1111 within the exposure duration can be obtained according to the number of counting signals of the photosensitive element 1111 at the end of the exposure duration.
  • the above preset voltage threshold may be the maximum voltage that the photosensitive element 1111 can carry, or half of the maximum voltage that the photosensitive element 1111 can carry, or other values, which are not limited in this embodiment.
  • the maximum voltage that the photosensitive element 1111 can carry is 10V.
  • the preset voltage threshold can be 10V, or any value less than 10V.
  • it can be preset The voltage threshold may be 5V.
  • the automatic control signal when a mandatory control signal is received, the automatic control signal will be shielded by the logic control module 1118 .
  • the logic control module 1118 when the logic control module 1118 receives the mandatory control signal, it can control the reset switch 1116 to turn on when the exposure time is 50 ms so that the photosensitive element 1111 is in the Clear the state to achieve the purpose of only exposing the pixel unit for 50ms.
  • the exposure parameters as follows: set the exposure time of 1000 lux light to 1ms, the maximum voltage that the photosensitive element 1111 can carry is 10V, and the preset voltage threshold is 5V as an example.
  • the voltage logic judgment module 1115 will control The reset switch 1116 is turned on and the photosensitive electrons in the photosensitive element 1111 are cleared, and the exposure is restarted.
  • the brightness information of the photosensitive element 1111 within the 1ms exposure time can be obtained as 4096. That is, within one exposure time of a scene with a high light ratio, the brightness information that can be obtained by the photosensitive element 1111 is 4096, and all the brightness information of a backlight shooting scene or a scene with a high light ratio can be obtained, so as to avoid overexposure and realize pixel
  • the high dynamic sensitivity function of the unit improves the final photo quality level and user experience.
  • the photosensitive element 1111 is a photodiode
  • the reset switch 1116 is a CMOS switch.
  • the image sensor 10 may further include an electric energy storage module 112 , and the electric energy storage module 112 is also connected between the signal terminal Vs and the ground terminal GND.
  • the electric energy storage module 112 includes a capacitor, which can store the electric energy released by the photosensitive element 1111 for reading.
  • the photosensitive element 1111 of this pixel unit obtains the light energy of the sensed color after one exposure, and converts the light energy into electrical energy and stores it in the photosensitive element 1111.
  • the first switches 1114 of the photosensitive elements 1111 can be controlled to be turned on, so that the corresponding photosensitive elements 1111 release electric energy to the electric energy storage module 112 for storage for reading.
  • the first switch 1114 connected in series with the photosensitive element 1111 can be controlled to be turned on.
  • the photosensitive element 1111 converts the red light energy to obtain electric energy, which can be transferred to the electric energy storage circuit 112 for reading.
  • the reset switch RST1 is controlled to be turned off, and the photosensitive element 1111 of the pixel unit can be read. After reading the photosensitive element 1111, the reset switch RST1 is controlled to be turned on, and the photosensitive element 1111 can be reset.
  • the signal control circuit may further include a source follower SF and a selection switch SET, the gate of the source follower SF is connected to the signal terminal Vs, and the drain of the source follower SF is connected to the signal terminal Vs.
  • the power terminal VDD3 is connected, and the selection switch SET is connected between the source of the source follower SF and the output terminal Vout of the signal control circuit.
  • the source follower SF can amplify the electrical signal at the signal terminal Vs, so as to improve the signal acquisition accuracy.
  • the selection switch SET can select a pixel unit for each scan when scanning the image sensor, and the selection switch SET can be a row selection switch or a column selection switch as required, which is not limited here.
  • the selection switch SET is a row selection switch, and the row selection switch can select a pixel unit for each scan.
  • the switches in the above embodiments including the first switch 1114, the reset switch 1116, the selection switch SET, the source follower SF, etc., may be complementary metal-oxide semiconductor CMOS switches or other types of switches, which will not be described here. limited.
  • Step 202 the switch tube RST1 and the first switch 1114 are turned on, and a voltage is applied to the negative electrode of the photosensitive element 1111 and the electric energy storage module 112, the photosensitive element 1111 is reverse-biased, and the electrons in the photosensitive element 1111 and the electric energy storage module 112 are cleared and reset to zero .
  • step 204 the switching tube RST1 and the first switch 1114 are turned off, the photosensitive element 1111 starts to store energy (corresponding to the exposure start time), and a pressure difference starts to be generated at both ends.
  • Step 205 the voltage judgment module sends a reset signal to the control terminal of the reset switch 1116, the reset switch 1116 is turned on once, the photoelectrons in the photosensitive element 1111 are reset, and the photosensitive energy storage is restarted from zero (corresponding to the reset time ), the two ends begin to produce a differential pressure; at the same time, the voltage logic judgment module 1115 sends a counting signal to the logic control module 1118 to perform a count; or, when the logic control module receives the mandatory control signal, the control reset switch 1116 leads Passing once, the photoelectrons in the photosensitive element 1111 are reset, the photosensitive energy storage starts from zero (corresponding to the reset time), and the pressure difference between the two ends starts to be generated.
  • Step 206 the switch tube RST1 is turned on, and the electric energy storage module 112 is cleared again, so as to avoid the interference/coupling caused by the current generated in the electronic circuit.
  • Step 208 the switch tube RST1 is turned off, the first switch 1114 is turned on, the switch tube SET is turned on (corresponding to the exposure end time), the energy of the photosensitive element 1111 is stored in the electric energy storage module 112, and the Vout terminal outputs a voltage signal to the pixel unit Corresponding column amplifier.
  • the voltage output from the Vout terminal is the voltage signal converted from the light signal sensed by the photosensitive element 1111 from the reset time to the end time of exposure.
  • the image sensor includes a photosensitive element, a reset switch, and a signal control circuit
  • the signal control circuit includes: a voltage logic judgment module and a logic control module; the first terminal of the voltage logic judgment module is connected to the The first end of the photosensitive element is connected, the second end of the voltage logic judgment module is connected to the second end of the photosensitive element, and the voltage logic judgment module is used to detect the voltage difference between the two ends of the photosensitive element
  • an automatic control signal is output to control the conduction of the reset switch so that the electrons in the photosensitive element are in an empty state, and a counting signal is output to the first input terminal of the logic control module
  • the The first input end of the logic control module is connected to the first end of the voltage logic judgment module, the output end of the logic control module is connected to the reset switch, and the first input end of the logic control module is used to receive Counting signal, the second input end of the logic control module is used to receive a control signal, and the logic control module
  • the logic control module to control the reset switch, and the voltage logic judgment module can output the counting signal, after the exposure is completed, the photosensitive signal of the photosensitive element can be accurately obtained to avoid overexposure and underexposure, and the pixel unit can be realized.
  • the high dynamic sensitivity function improves the image quality level.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides an exposure control method, which is applied to the image sensor as described in the foregoing embodiments.
  • the exposure control method of this embodiment may include the following steps 301-303:
  • Step 301 acquiring the preset brightness of the first image, and the brightness of the first sub-region corresponding to each image area of the first image, and the first exposure;
  • Step 302 according to the preset brightness, the brightness of the first sub-region corresponding to each image area, and the first exposure amount, obtain a second exposure amount corresponding to each image area;
  • Step 303 exposing the second image captured by the image sensor according to the second exposure amount corresponding to each image area.
  • the first image is pre-divided into 8*8 image areas, and each image area corresponds to a brightness of a first partition and a first exposure.
  • R is the value of the red photosensitive signal
  • G is the value of the green photosensitive signal
  • B is the value of the blue photosensitive signal
  • (i, j) represents the image area.
  • M cur (i, j) Y target *M pre (i, j)/Y pre (i, j ) Acquire the second exposure amount M cur (i, j) corresponding to each image region.
  • Y target represents a preset brightness
  • M pre represents a first exposure amount.
  • the above-mentioned operations of acquiring the preset brightness of the first image, and the brightness of the first partition corresponding to each image region of the first image, and the first exposure can be performed on each image area of the first image , until the second exposure amount of each image area is obtained, in the case of controlling the image sensor to expose the first image, exposure is performed according to the second exposure amount corresponding to each image area, so as to output a digital signal to form a raw image output to the image processing system.
  • the image area may include a foreground image area and a background image area. That is, the partitioning of pixel units is realized adaptively according to the foreground and background of the first image, and the adaptability to shooting scenes is better.
  • the principle of cutting the foreground image area and the background image area of the first image is to use the maximum inter-class variance method to extract the partition threshold to segment the gray value of the image.
  • the gray value corresponding to each pixel unit of the first image can be obtained; according to the comparison result of the gray value and the preset gray threshold T, the pixel unit is divided into the first type of pixel unit C1 and the second type of pixel unit C1.
  • the second type of pixel unit C2 wherein, the grayscale value of the first type of pixel unit C1 is smaller than the preset grayscale threshold T, and the grayscale value of the second type of pixel unit C2 is greater than the preset grayscale threshold T.
  • ⁇ ⁇ 2 p1(m1-mG) ⁇ 2 +p2(m2-mG) ⁇ 2 .
  • the value of T is from 0-255.
  • all the values of T are traversed to obtain 256 inter-class variances, and the maximum value is taken as this embodiment
  • the partition threshold Tmax and then determine the foreground image area and the background image area of the first image according to the partition threshold Tmax.
  • the second exposure corresponding to the foreground image area and the background image area can be acquired respectively by performing the above steps 301-303, and the image sensor is controlled to When the first image is exposed, the exposure is performed according to the second exposure amount corresponding to each image area, so as to output a digital signal to form a raw image and output it to the image processing system.
  • each image region is subjected to partitioned exposure, which can improve the exposure accuracy and further improve the image quality level.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a camera module 600, the camera module 600 includes an image sensor 10, and the image sensor 10 may be the image sensor 10 in any of the above embodiments.
  • the camera module 600 also includes a lens 620 and a circuit board 630, the image sensor 10 is electrically connected to the circuit board 630, and a signal processing unit and an analog-to-digital converter can be set on the circuit board 630 to pass
  • the analog-to-digital converter converts the analog electrical signal output by the image sensor 10 into a digital signal, and outputs the digital signal to the signal processing unit for signal processing, thereby obtaining image data.
  • the lens 620 is disposed on a side of the image sensor 10 away from the circuit board 630 , that is, the incident surface of the image sensor 10 faces the lens 620 .
  • the camera module 600 in order to improve the shooting performance of the camera module 600, can also include a filter 640, which is arranged between the image sensor 10 and the lens 620, and is used for shooting in the daytime. At the same time, infrared light, which is invisible to the human eye, is filtered out to improve the effective resolution of the collected image and the reducibility of the color, thereby further improving the quality of the collected image.
  • a filter 640 which is arranged between the image sensor 10 and the lens 620, and is used for shooting in the daytime.
  • infrared light which is invisible to the human eye, is filtered out to improve the effective resolution of the collected image and the reducibility of the color, thereby further improving the quality of the collected image.
  • the camera module 600 may further include a motor 650 connected to the lens 620 for driving the lens 620 to move.
  • the camera module 600 can drive the lens 620 to move by controlling the motor 650 to realize automatic zooming.
  • the camera module 600 may further include a base 660 for installing the motor 650 to facilitate the installation of the motor 650 .
  • the camera module 600 may further include a protective film 670 disposed on the lens 620 to protect the lens 620 from damage.
  • all the information of the scene with a high light ratio can be obtained through only one exposure of the image sensor without multi-frame synthesis, which can effectively improve the image quality level of the photo, thereby improving the image quality.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides an electronic device, which includes the camera module according to any of the above embodiments.
  • the electronic device includes a casing having a light-transmitting portion.
  • the camera module can be arranged in the housing of the electronic device, and the lens of the camera module faces the light-transmitting part, so that images can be collected through the light-transmitting part.
  • the electronic device may be any device with a camera function, such as a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a wearable device, etc., which is not limited herein.
  • references to the terms “one embodiment,” “some embodiments,” “exemplary embodiments,” “example,” “specific examples,” or “some examples” are intended to mean that the implementation A specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described by an embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application.
  • schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.
  • the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种图像传感器、曝光控制方法、摄像模组及电子设备，属于图像处理技术领域，该图像传感器包括感光元件(1111)、重置开关(1116)和信号控制电路，信号控制电路包括：电压逻辑判断模块(1115)和逻辑控制模块(1118)；电压逻辑判断模块(1115)的第一端与感光元件(1111)的第一端连接，电压逻辑判断模块(1115)的第二端与感光元件(1111)的第二端连接；逻辑控制模块(1118)的第一输入端与电压逻辑判断模块(1115)的第一端连接，逻辑控制模块(1118)的输出端与重置开关连接(1116)，逻辑控制模块(1118)的第一输入端用于接收计数信号，逻辑控制模块(1118)的第二输入端用于接收控制信号。

Description

图像传感器、曝光控制方法、摄像模组和电子设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2021年12月30日提交的申请号为202111680855.X，发明名称为“图像传感器、曝光控制方法、摄像模组和电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其通过引用方式全部并入本申请。
技术领域
本申请属于图像处理技术领域，具体涉及一种图像传感器、曝光控制方法、摄像模组和电子设备。
背景技术
智能终端的相机所拍摄图像的质量好坏取决于图像传感器的曝光准确度。当前主流的曝光方式是全局曝光，即，对于每个像素单元设置相同的曝光参数，完成图像的拍摄。
在这种曝光模式下，常常会出现光源处过度曝光或者背光处欠曝的情况，导致图像失真。
发明内容
本申请旨在提供一种图像传感器、曝光控制方法、摄像模组和电子设备，以解决在光源处过度曝光或者背光处欠曝的问题。
为了解决上述技术问题，本申请是这样实现的：
第一方面，本申请实施例提出了一种图像传感器，其包括感光元件、重置开关和信号控制电路，所述信号控制电路包括：电压逻辑判断模块和逻辑控制模块；
所述电压逻辑判断模块的第一端与所述感光元件的第一端连接，所述 电压逻辑判断模块的第二端与所述感光元件的第二端连接，所述电压逻辑判断模块用于在检测到所述感光元件两端的电压差值达到预设电压阈值的情况下，输出自动控制信号控制所述重置开关导通以使所述感光元件中的电子处于清空状态，并向所述逻辑控制模块的第一输入端输出计数信号；
所述逻辑控制模块的第一输入端与所述电压逻辑判断模块的第一端连接，所述逻辑控制模块的输出端与所述重置开关连接，所述逻辑控制模块的第一输入端用于接收计数信号，所述逻辑控制模块的第二输入端用于接收控制信号,所述逻辑控制模块用于在所述控制信号满足预设条件的情况下，控制所述重置开关导通以使所述感光元件中的电子处于清空状态。
第二方面，本申请实施例提出了一种曝光控制方法，应用于如本申请实施例的第一方面所述的图像传感器，所述方法包括：
获取第一图像的预设亮度，以及所述第一图像的每个图像区域对应的第一分区亮度、第一曝光量；
根据所述预设亮度、所述每个图像区域对应的第一分区亮度、第一曝光量，获取所述每个图像区域对应的第二曝光量；
根据所述每个图像区域对应的第二曝光量对所述图像传感器采集的第二图像进行曝光。
第三方面，本申请实施例提出了一种摄像模组，其包括：如本申请实施例的第一方面中任一项所述的图像传感器。
第四方面，本申请实施例提出了一种电子设备，其包括如本申请实施例的第三方面所述的摄像模组。
在本申请的实施例中，图像传感器包括感光元件、重置开关和信号控制电路，所述信号控制电路包括：电压逻辑判断模块和逻辑控制模块；所述电压逻辑判断模块的第一端与所述感光元件的第一端连接，所述电压逻辑判断模块的第二端与所述感光元件的第二端连接，所述电压逻辑判断模块用于在检测到所述感光元件两端的电压差值达到预设电压阈值的情况下，输出自动控制信号控制所述重置开关导通以使所述感光元件中的电子 处于清空状态，并向所述逻辑控制模块的第一输入端输出计数信号；所述逻辑控制模块的第一输入端与所述电压逻辑判断模块的第一端连接，所述逻辑控制模块的输出端与所述重置开关连接，所述逻辑控制模块的第一输入端用于接收计数信号，所述逻辑控制模块的第二输入端用于接收控制信号,所述逻辑控制模块用于在所述控制信号满足预设条件的情况下，控制所述重置开关导通以使所述感光元件中的电子处于清空状态。这样，通过设置逻辑控制模块控制重置开关的通断，并且电压逻辑判断模块可以输出计数信号，在曝光完成后，可以准确得到感光元件的感光信号，避免出现在光源处过曝或背光处欠曝的情况，可实现像素单元高动态感光功能，提升画质水平。
此外，本申请实施例可以实现对每个图像区域进行分区曝光，提升曝光精度，进一步提升画质水平。
附图说明
本申请的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1为本申请实施例提供的像素单元的结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的图像传感器的像素单元的排列结构示意图；
图3为图1中像素单元的电路结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的摄像模组的排列结构示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的曝光控制方法的流程示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的另一种摄像模组的结构示意图。
附图标记：
10-图像传感器；11-像素单元、11a-R像素单元、11b-G像素单元、11c-B像素单元；1111-感光元件；1114-第一开关；1115-电压判断模块；1116-重置开关；1118-逻辑控制模块；112-电能存储模块；Vs-信号端；VDD-电源端；GND-接地端；RST-复位开关；SF-源跟随器；SET-选择开关； Vout-信号输出端；600-摄像模组；620-镜头；630-电路板；640-滤光片；650-马达；660-底座；670-保护膜。
具体实施方式
下面将详细描述本申请的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
本申请的说明书和权利要求书中的术语“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。此外，说明书以及权利要求中“和/或”表示所连接对象的至少其中之一。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“行向”、“列向”、“上”、“下”、“外周”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请实施例涉及一种图像传感器，该图像传感器作为摄像模组的组成部分，用于感应光信号，并将光信号转换为电信号输出，以形成图像数据。
下面结合图1至图4描述根据本申请实施例的图像传感器的结构。
如图1及图2所示，根据本申请一些实施例的图像传感器10包括多个像素单元11。这些像素单元11按照设定的规则排列，形成像素阵列，例如，像素阵列中依次包括R像素单元11a、G像素单元11b、B像素单元11c等等。本实施例中，图像传感器10的一个像素单元11对应所采集图像的一个像素点，例如，R像素单元11a对应所采集图像的一个像素点，G像素单元11b对应所采集图像的一个像素点，以及，B像素单元11c对应所采集图像的一个像素点。
如图3所示，以图像传感器中的一像素单元包括感光元件1111，该感光元件即感光二极管，该感光二极管可以为红色感光二极管、绿色感光二极管和蓝色感光二极管中的任意一个。红色感光二极管用于感应红色(Red，R)光信号，绿色感光二极管用于感应绿色(Green，G)光信号，蓝色感光二极管用于感应蓝色(Blue，B)光信号。
例如，如图2所示，像素单元按照设定的规则排列，形成常规的RGB像素阵列，其中，RGB像素阵列中可以包括红色感光元件R、绿色感光元件G、蓝色感光元件B。RGB像素阵列可以为拜耳像素阵列。
图4所示的摄像模组为互补金属氧化物半导体(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor，CMOS)摄像模组。CMOS摄像模组的大致工作流程是：通过大量的感光二极管感知光信号转换成电信号，该电信号通过放大电路进行放大、模数转换电路进行模数转换后，形成数字信号矩阵(即图像)。在本申请实施例中，该摄像模组采用卷帘式曝光，即对图像传感器中的像素阵列采用逐行扫描方式进行曝光，直至所有像素点都被曝光。
如图3所示，该图像传感器包括重置开关1116和信号控制电路。该信号控制电路包括电压逻辑判断模块1115和逻辑控制模块1118。
其中，所述电压逻辑判断模块1115的第一端与所述感光元件1111的第一端连接，所述电压逻辑判断模块1115的第二端与所述感光元件1111的第二端连接，所述电压逻辑判断模块1115用于在检测到所述感光元件 1111两端的电压差值达到预设电压阈值的情况下，输出自动控制信号控制所述重置开关1116导通以使所述感光元件1111中的电子处于清空状态，并输出计数信号。
所述逻辑控制模块1118的第一输入端与所述电压逻辑判断模块1115的第一端连接，所述逻辑控制模块1118的输出端与所述重置开关1116连接，所述逻辑控制模块1118的第一输入端用于接收计数信号，所述逻辑控制模块1118的第二输入端用于接收控制信号,所述逻辑控制模块1118用于控制信号满足预设条件的情况下，控制所述重置开关1116导通以使所述感光元件1111中的电子处于清空状态，例如，可以在逻辑控制模块1118接收到强控制信号的情况下，控制所述重置开关1116导通以使所述感光元件1111中的电子处于清空状态。
如图3所示，所述信号控制电路还包括第一开关1114，所述感光元件1111和所述第一开关1114串联连接在信号端Vs与接地端GND之间。
如图4中所示，计数模块输出所述计数信号，在本实施例中，可以是所述图像传感器的像素阵列中的每一个像素单元11均对应设置有重置开关和信号控制电路，也可以是像素阵列中的任意一个或多个像素单元11对应设置有重置开关和信号控制电路。例如，图4中的灰色框表示的像素单元11可以对应设置重置开关和信号控制电路，而除灰色框表示的像素单元11之外的其他像素单元可以不对应设置重置开关和信号控制电路。当然，还可以是图4中的所有像素单元均对应设置重置开关和信号控制电路。
在本实施例中，对于曝光时长内的每一采样时刻，在感光元件1111两端的电压差值达到预设电压阈值的情况下，电压逻辑判断模块1115输出自动控制信号以控制重置开关1116导通以使感光元件1111中的电子处于清空状态，以及，向逻辑控制模块1118的第一输入端输出计数信号进行一次计数。所述逻辑控制模块1118在控制信号满足预设条件的情况下，控制所述重置开关1116导通以使所述感光元件1111中的电子处于清空状 态。其中，所述预设条件可以是接收到的控制信号是强制控制信号。这样，可以根据感光元件1111在曝光时长结束时的计数信号的数量，获得感光元件1111在曝光时长内的所有亮度信息。
以上预设电压阈值可以是感光元件1111所能承载的最大电压，也可以是感光元件1111所能承载的最大电压的一半，还可以是其他数值，本实施例在此不做限定。例如，曝光参数为1000勒克斯的光曝光1ms，其感光元件1111所能承载的最大电压为10V，此时，该预设电压阈值可以为10V，也可以是小于10V的任意数值，例如可以预设电压阈值可以为5V。
示例性地，当接收到强制控制信号时，自动控制信号将被所述逻辑控制模块1118屏蔽。以曝光时长为100ms为例，在所述逻辑控制模块1118接收到所述强制控制信号的情况下，可以在曝光时间为50ms时控制所述重置开关1116导通以使所述感光元件1111处于清空状态，达到让该像素单元仅曝光50ms的目的。
示例性地，以曝光参数为：将1000勒克斯的光的曝光时长设置为1ms，感光元件1111所能承载的最大电压为10V，预设电压阈值为5V为例，此时，如果环境的光强度为2000勒克斯，例如可以是在曝光时长内的第0.25ms时刻，感光元件1111两端的电压达到预设电压阈值，即，感光元件1111两端的电压为5V，此时，电压逻辑判断模块1115会控制重置开关1116导通并清空感光元件1111内的感光电子，重新开始曝光，同时电压逻辑判断模块1115会输出计数信号进行一次计数，此时i＝0+1。
在曝光时长内的第0.5ms时刻，感光元件1111两端的电压又达到预设电压阈值，即，感光元件1111两端的电压为5V，此时，电压逻辑判断模块1115会控制重置开关1116导通并清空感光元件1111内的感光电子，重新开始曝光，同时电压逻辑判断模块1115会输出计数信号进行又一次计数，此时i＝0+1+1＝2。
在曝光时长内的第0.75ms时刻，感光元件1111两端的电压又达到预设电压阈值，即，感光元件1111两端的电压为5V，此时，电压逻辑判断 模块1115会控制重置开关1116导通并清空感光元件1111内的感光电子，重新开始曝光，同时电压逻辑判断模块1115会控制计数信号进行一次计数，此时i＝0+1+1+1＝3。
在曝光时长1ms结束时刻，根据感光元件1111在曝光时长1ms结束时的亮度信息1024和计数值3*1024，可以获得感光元件1111在曝光时长1ms内的亮度信息即为4096。即，在大光比场景的一个曝光时长内，感光元件1111可以获得的亮度信息为4096，获取到了逆光拍摄场景或大光比场景下的所有亮度信息，避免出现过曝的情况，实现了像素单元的高动态感光功能，提升最终拍照画质水平和用户体验。
示例性地，所述感光元件1111为感光二极管，所述重置开关1116为CMOS开关。
如图3所示，该图像传感器10还可以包括电能存储模块112，该电能存储模块112同样连接在信号端Vs与接地端GND之间。该电能存储模块112包括电容，该电容能够存储感光元件1111释放的电能，以供读取。
本实施例中，以图像传感器的一像素单元为例，该像素单元的感光元件1111经过一次曝光获得所感应颜色的光能，并将光能转换为电能存储在感光元件1111中，在选中该像素单元以读取该像素单元的电信号时，可以控制这些感光元件1111的第一开关1114导通，进而使得对应感光元件1111将电能释放至电能存储模块112进行存储，以供读取。
例如，以图像传感器的一R像素单元11a为例，在图像传感器完成一次曝光，并选中读取该R像素单元11a的情况下，可以控制与感光元件1111串联的第一开关1114导通，此时，感光元件1111转换红色光能获得电能便可以转移至电能储能电路112，以供读取。
在一些实施例中，为了方便分时读取不同感光元件1111转换得到的电信号，如图3所示，该信号控制电路还可以包括复位开关RST1，该复位开关RST1连接在电源端VDD与信号端Vs之间。该实施例中，控制复位开关RST1截止，可以读取像素单元的感光元件1111，再完成对该感光元件1111 的读取后，控制复位开关RST1导通，便可复位该感光元件1111。
在一些实施例中，如图3所示，该信号控制电路还可以包括源跟随器SF和选择开关SET，该源跟随器SF的栅极与信号端Vs连接，源跟随器SF的漏极与电源端VDD3连接，选择开关SET连接在源跟随器SF的源极与信号控制电路的输出端Vout之间。
该实施例中，源跟随器SF可以对信号端Vs的电信号进行放大处理，以提高信号采集精度。该实施例中，选择开关SET可以在扫描图像传感器时，选取每次扫描的像素单元，该选择开关SET根据需要可以是行选择开关，也可以列选择开关，在此不做限定。
例如，如图4所示，该选择开关SET为行选择开关，该行选择开关可以选取每次扫描的像素单元。
以上实施例中的开关，包括第一开关1114、重置开关1116、选择开关SET，源跟随器SF等，可以是互补金属氧化物半导体CMOS开关，也可以是其他类型的开关，在此不做限定。
接下来以图3为例，说明根据本申请实施例提供的曝光过程为：
步骤202、开关管RST1和第一开关1114导通，向感光元件1111的负极和电能存储模块112施加电压，感光元件1111反向偏置，感光元件1111和电能存储模块112里面的电子清空归零。
步骤204、开关管RST1和第一开关1114断开，感光元件1111开始感光储能(对应于曝光开始时间)，两端开始产生压差。
步骤205、电压判断模块向重置开关1116的控制端发送重置信号，重置开关1116导通一次，感光元件1111内的光电子被重置，从零重新开始感光储能(对应于重置时间)，两端开始产生压差；同时，电压逻辑判断模块1115向逻辑控制模块1118发送计数信号，进行一次计数；或者，在逻辑控制模块接收到强制控制信号的情况下，控制重置开关1116导通一次，感光元件1111内的光电子被重置，从零重新开始感光储能(对应于重置时间)，两端开始产生压差。
步骤206、开关管RST1导通，再次清空电能存储模块112，以避免电子线路中产生的电流电子导致的干扰/耦合。
步骤208、开关管RST1断开，第一开关1114导通，开关管SET导通(对应于曝光结束时间)，感光元件1111能量存储到电能存储模块112中，Vout端输出电压信号到像素单元所对应的列放大器。
最终，Vout端输出的电压为从重置时间到曝光结束时间，感光元件1111感知到的光信号转换出的电压信号。
在本申请的实施例中，图像传感器包括感光元件、重置开关和信号控制电路，所述信号控制电路包括：电压逻辑判断模块和逻辑控制模块；所述电压逻辑判断模块的第一端与所述感光元件的第一端连接，所述电压逻辑判断模块的第二端与所述感光元件的第二端连接，所述电压逻辑判断模块用于在检测到所述感光元件两端的电压差值达到预设电压阈值的情况下，输出自动控制信号控制所述重置开关导通以使所述感光元件中的电子处于清空状态，并向逻辑控制模块的第一输入端输出计数信号；所述逻辑控制模块的第一输入端与所述电压逻辑判断模块的第一端连接，所述逻辑控制模块的输出端与所述重置开关连接，所述逻辑控制模块的第一输入端用于接收计数信号，所述逻辑控制模块的第二输入端用于接收控制信号,所述逻辑控制模块用于在控制信号满足预设条件的情况下，控制所述重置开关导通以使所述感光元件中的电子处于清空状态。这样，通过设置逻辑控制模块控制重置开关，并且电压逻辑判断模块可以输出计数信号，在曝光完成后，可以准确得到感光元件的感光信号，避免出现过曝和欠曝的情况，可实现像素单元高动态感光功能，提升画质水平。
如图5所示，本申请实施例还提供一种曝光控制方法，应用于如上述实施例所述的图像传感器。
本实施例的曝光控制方法可以包括如下步骤301-步骤303：
步骤301，获取第一图像的预设亮度，以及所述第一图像的每个图像区域对应的第一分区亮度、第一曝光量；
步骤302，根据所述预设亮度、所述每个图像区域对应的第一分区亮度、第一曝光量，获取所述每个图像区域对应的第二曝光量；
步骤303，根据所述每个图像区域对应的第二曝光量对所述图像传感器采集的第二图像进行曝光。
示例性地，所述第一图像预先划分为8*8个图像区域，每个图像区域对应一个第一分区亮度和第一曝光量。本实施例中，具体可以根据公式Y pre(i,j)＝∑ each  pixel(0.299*R+0.587*G+0.114*B)计算各图像区域对应的第一分区亮度Y pre(i,j)。其中，R为红色感光信号值，G为绿色感光信号值，B为蓝色感光信号值，(i,j)表示所述图像区域。
在假设拍摄两帧图像时的场景亮度没有变化(时间间隔很短)的情况下，可以根据公式M cur(i，j)＝Y target*M pre(i，j)/Y pre(i，j)获取每个所述图像区域对应的第二曝光量M cur(i，j)。其中，Y target表示预设亮度，M pre表示第一曝光量。
在实际应用中，可以对第一图像的每个图像区域执行上述获取第一图像的预设亮度，以及所述第一图像的每个图像区域对应的第一分区亮度、第一曝光量的操作，直至得到各个图像区域的第二曝光量，在控制图像传感器对第一图像进行曝光的情况下，根据所述每个图像区域对应的第二曝光量进行曝光，以输出数字信号形成raw图输出给图像处理系统。
需要说明的是，在相机打开的情况下，会不断重复上述步骤301-步骤303，直至退出相机。
在一个实施例中，所述图像区域可以包括前景图像区域和背景图像区域。即，按照第一图像的前景和后景自适应的实现对像素单元的分区，对拍摄场景的适应能力更好。
具体地，本实施例中，对第一图像的前景图像区域和后景图像区域的切割原理是利用最大类间方差法提取分区阈值以对图像灰度值进行分割。
具体地，可以获取第一图像的各像素单元对应的灰度值；根据所述灰度值与预设灰度阈值T的比较结果，将所述像素单元分为第一类像素单元 C1和第二类像素单元C2；其中，第一类像素单元C1的灰度值小于预设灰度阈值T，第二类像素单元C2的灰度值大于预设灰度阈值T。
获取所述第一类像素单元的第一灰度值均值m1，以及所述第二类像素单元的第二灰度值均值m2，以及所述第一类像素单元的第一概率p1和所述第二类像素单元的第二概率p2；并根据所述第一灰度值均值m1，所述第二灰度值均值m2，所述第一概率p1和所述第二概率p2，获取分区阈值Tmax；根据所述分区阈值Tmax确定所述像素阵列中目标像素单元的目标像素分区。
具体地，在获取所述第一类像素单元的第一灰度值均值m1，以及所述第二类像素单元的第二灰度值均值m2，以及所述第一类像素单元的第一概率p1和所述第二类像素单元的第二概率p2之后，可以根据公式得到全局均值mG：p1*m1+p2*m2＝mG；其中，p1+p2＝1。
类间方差可以用公式表示为：σ ^2＝p1(m1-mG) ^2+p2(m2-mG) ^2。将该类间方差的公式进行简化，即，将p1*m1+p2*m2＝mG代入该类间方差的公式中，可以得到最终的类间方差表达式：σ ^2＝p1p2(m1-m2) ^2。
需要说明的是，在计算的过程中，T的取值为从0-255，在本实施例中，遍历T的所有取值，得到256个类间方差，取其中的最大值作为本实施例的分区阈值Tmax，然后，根据分区阈值Tmax确定第一图像的前景图像区域和后景图像区域。
在获取到所述第一图像的前景图像区域和后景图像区域后，可以通过执行上述步骤301-步骤303获取前景图像区域和后景图像区域分别对应的第二曝光量，在控制图像传感器对第一图像进行曝光的情况下，根据所述每个图像区域对应的第二曝光量进行曝光，以输出数字信号形成raw图输出给图像处理系统。
本实施例中，对每个图像区域进行分区曝光，可以提升曝光精度，进一步提升画质水平。
如图6所示，本申请实施例还提供了一种摄像模组600，该摄像模组 600包括图像传感器10，该图像传感器10可以是以上任意实施例的图像传感器10。
在一些实施例中，该摄像模组600还包括镜头620和电路板630，该图像传感器10与电路板630电连接，该电路板630上可以设置信号处理单元和模数转换器等，以通过模数转换器将图像传感器10输出的模拟电信号转换成数字信号，并将数字信号输出至信号处理单元进行信号处理，进而获得图像数据。该镜头620设置在该图像传感器10的远离电路板630的一侧，即，图像传感器10的入光面朝向镜头620。
在一些实施例中，为了提升摄像模组600的拍摄性能，该摄像模组600还可以包括滤光片640，该滤光片640设置在图像传感器10与镜头620之间，用于在白天拍摄时，滤除人眼不可见的红外光等，以提高所采集图像的有效分辨率和对于色彩的还原性，进而进一步提高所采集图像的质量。
在一些实施例中，该摄像模组600还可以包括马达650，该马达650与镜头620连接，用于驱动镜头620移动。
在一些实施例中，该摄像模组600可以通过控制马达650驱动镜头620移动，实现自动变焦。
在一些实施例中，该摄像模组600还可以包括用于安装马达650的底座660，以方便进行马达650的安装。
在一些实施例中，该摄像模组600还可以包括设置在镜头620上的保护膜670，以保护镜头620不受损坏。
对于该实施例的摄像模组600，仅通过图像传感器一次曝光，就可获取大光比场景的所有信息，无需多帧合成，将能够有效提升拍照画质水平，进而改善图像质量。
本申请实施例还提供了一种电子设备，该电子设备包括根据以上任意实施例的摄像模组。
例如，该电子设备包括壳体，该壳体具有透光部。该摄像模组可以设置在电子设备壳体中，且摄像模组的镜头朝向该透光部，以可以通过该透 光部进行图像采集。
该电子设备可以是具有摄像功能的任意设备，例如可以是手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、可穿戴设备等等，在此不做限定。
以上各实施例重点描述对应实施例与其他实施例间的不同之处，各实施例的相同或者相似部分可以相互参见。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示意性实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本申请的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本申请的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种图像传感器，包括感光元件、重置开关和信号控制电路，所述信号控制电路包括：电压逻辑判断模块和逻辑控制模块；
    所述电压逻辑判断模块的第一端与所述感光元件的第一端连接，所述电压逻辑判断模块的第二端与所述感光元件的第二端连接，所述电压逻辑判断模块用于在检测到所述感光元件两端的电压差值达到预设电压阈值的情况下，输出自动控制信号控制所述重置开关导通以使所述感光元件中的电子处于清空状态，并向所述逻辑控制模块的第一输入端输出计数信号；
    所述逻辑控制模块的第一输入端与所述电压逻辑判断模块的第一端连接，所述逻辑控制模块的输出端与所述重置开关连接，所述逻辑控制模块的第一输入端用于接收所述计数信号，所述逻辑控制模块的第二输入端用于接收控制信号,所述逻辑控制模块用于在所述控制信号满足预设条件的情况下，控制所述重置开关导通以使所述感光元件中的电子处于清空状态。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的图像传感器，其中，所述信号控制电路还包括第一开关；
    所述感光元件和所述第一开关串联连接在信号端与接地端之间。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的图像传感器，其中，所述信号控制电路还包括电能存储模块，所述电能存储模块连接在信号端与接地端之间。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的图像传感器，其中，所述电能存储模块包括电容。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的图像传感器，其中，所述信号控制电路还包括复位开关，所述复位开关连接在电源端与信号端之间。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的图像传感器，其中，所述信号控制电路还包括源跟随器和选择开关，所述源跟随器的栅极与信号端连接，所述源跟随器的漏极与电源端连接，所述选择开关连接在所述源跟随器的源极与所述信号控制电路的输出端之间。
  7. 一种曝光控制方法，应用于如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的图像传感器，所述方法包括：
    获取第一图像的预设亮度，以及所述第一图像的每个图像区域对应的第一分区亮度、第一曝光量；
    根据所述预设亮度、所述每个图像区域对应的第一分区亮度、第一曝光量，获取所述每个图像区域对应的第二曝光量；
    根据所述每个图像区域对应的第二曝光量对所述图像传感器采集的第二图像进行曝光。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中，所述图像区域包括前景图像区域和背景图像区域。
  9. 一种摄像模组，包括权利要求1-6中任一项所述的图像传感器。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的摄像模组，其中，所述摄像模组还包括：
    电路板，所述图像传感器与所述电路板电连接；
    镜头，所述镜头设置在所述图像传感器的远离所述电路板的一侧。
  11. 一种电子设备，包括权利要求9或10所述的摄像模组。
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