WO2023121518A1 - Procédé de traitement de culture de plantes textiles - Google Patents

Procédé de traitement de culture de plantes textiles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023121518A1
WO2023121518A1 PCT/RU2022/050405 RU2022050405W WO2023121518A1 WO 2023121518 A1 WO2023121518 A1 WO 2023121518A1 RU 2022050405 W RU2022050405 W RU 2022050405W WO 2023121518 A1 WO2023121518 A1 WO 2023121518A1
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Prior art keywords
bast
plant
fibers
processing
crop
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PCT/RU2022/050405
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Юрий Львович Белов
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Юрий Львович Белов
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Priority claimed from RU2021138228A external-priority patent/RU2784552C1/ru
Application filed by Юрий Львович Белов filed Critical Юрий Львович Белов
Publication of WO2023121518A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023121518A1/fr

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01C—CHEMICAL OR BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FILAMENTARY OR FIBROUS MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FILAMENTS OR FIBRES FOR SPINNING; CARBONISING RAGS TO RECOVER ANIMAL FIBRES
    • D01C1/00—Treatment of vegetable material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the agricultural industry, namely, to bring the fibers of a plant bast culture to the state of elementary bleached fibers, and can be used for the production of cottonin from vegetable raw materials intended for the production of multicomponent fabrics, thread, yarn, wear-resistant fabric; non-woven materials (medical, hygienic and agronomic purposes); composite materials; cotton wool medical and technical and other cottonine-containing materials.
  • Modern technologies for processing plant bast crops include a system of techniques that are aimed at increasing the yield and quality of the cultivated crop.
  • Considering the system for processing raw materials of plant bast crops one can distinguish such main stages as: cultivation, harvesting and post-harvest work, decortication, chemical or biological methods of fiber processing, cottonization.
  • Patent SU1748721A1 (publ. 07/23/1992; IPC: A01D 91/04) describes an invention related to agricultural production, which can be used in hemp farms when harvesting hemp by aging it in a trust in the field.
  • EFFECT technical result is to ensure the preservation of the quality of the fibrous part of the hemp straw with forcedly extended harvesting periods.
  • the method uses harvesting of bast crops, including cutting the stems with spreading them into strips on the field and aging in the trust, sterilizing it with a solution that destroys pectin-decomposing microorganisms, lifting the trust from the tapes.
  • the latter is sterilized by applying urea trust tapes to the surface at a dose of 300-400 kg/ha.
  • the disadvantage and difference of this method is the aging in the trust of bast crops for a long period of time, up to 60 days.
  • This method provides for the stage of harvesting the straw of a plant bast crop, cut before the onset of the process of maturation of the bulk of the seeds, dried to 5-18% moisture and harvested within 1-14 days immediately after mowing, which reduces the content of lignin and pectin in the stems of the bast crop, facilitates the separation of the fire from the fiber, and, accordingly, increases the yield of the fiber.
  • Another disadvantage of this method is sterilization by applying urea to the surface of the ribbons.
  • the present method does not include the step of sterilizing the raw material of the plant bast culture with urea, since the straw is not fermented.
  • Patent EP3658704A1 (publ. 06/03/2020; IPC: D01B 1/14, D01B 1/38, D01B 1/40, D01B 9/00) describes an invention that relates to a device for the primary processing of bast crops and can be used to obtain the same type of fibers of straw and fires of flax or hemp.
  • the technical result of the line for the processing of bast crops is to obtain flax or hemp fiber with a low content of fire.
  • the bast crop processing line consists of winding machine, scutching machine, tensile machine, raw fiber scutching machine without pressing, scutching and waste fiber conveying system, the latter equipped with a shredding device.
  • the dividing-scutching machine allows forming a layer of raw materials with a certain and optimal density for processing, carding and separating the fire from the fiber.
  • the raw fiber scutching machine without pressing ensures intensive separation of the shives from the fibers, greatly facilitating the further separation of the shives in the towing mixer.
  • the crusher improves the reliability of the wood fiber waste transport system.
  • the main difference and disadvantage of the analogue is that only the stage of decortication is provided here and further processing of the fiber of the plant bast culture is not disclosed. In the present method, all stages of processing the fiber and harvesting the straw of a plant bast crop to obtain cottonin are described.
  • Patent CN110552071A (publ. 12/10/2019; IPC: D01C 1/00) describes an invention related to the field of degumming methods, in particular, to a method for degumming hemp fibers.
  • EFFECT technical result consists in chemical-biological enzymatic degumming, which allows to reduce the amount of chemical reagents, the emission of pollutants, reduce damage to hemp fibers and improve the strength of hemp fibers.
  • a method for degumming hemp fiber which includes the stages of the process of alkaline and enzymatic degummation, where pectinase, hemicellulase and ligninase act as enzymes, the amount of pectinase is 0.05-0.2% by weight, the amount of hemicellulase is 0.05-0.2% by weight, the amount of ligninase is 0.1-0.3% wt., the processing temperature is 50-60°C, and the processing time is 2.5 -3.5 hours.
  • the disadvantage and difference of this method is the use of sequential chemical and biological degumming of hemp fibers to remove pectin and lignin contained in the fibers.
  • the disadvantage and difference of this method is washing and bleaching after both chemical and biological degumming.
  • only chemical dehumation of bast plant fibers is used, since this stage is sufficient to remove pectin and lignin from non-fermented bast plant straw with 5-18% moisture content.
  • the main difference and disadvantage of the analogue is that only the degummation stage is provided here and further processing of the vegetable bast fiber is not disclosed.
  • the present method describes all the steps of harvesting straw and processing fiber from a plant bast culture to obtain cottonin.
  • Patent CN113026119A (publ. 06/25/2021; IPC: D01C 1/02, D10B 2201/01) describes an invention related to the field of textile processing and, in particular, relates to a highly efficient environmentally friendly method for degumming hemp fibers.
  • EFFECT method of degumming under weak acid conditions, which better protects the cellulose components in hemp, improves fiber quality and reduces the degumming period.
  • a method for degumming hemp fiber which includes the steps: 1) carrying out a preliminary alkaline treatment of hemp and washing with water; 2) under weak acid conditions, adding anhydrous ferrous sulfate as a hydrogen peroxide catalyst; 3) carrying out deep degumming and bleaching of hemp fiber by an alkaline-oxygen one-component method, washing and drying.
  • the disadvantage and difference of this method is the preliminary alkaline treatment of hemp fiber.
  • one stage of degummation which consists in alkaline treatment of the fiber of the plant bast culture, since one stage of degummation is sufficient to remove pectin and lignin from the unfermented straw of the plant bast culture of 5-18% moisture, since when harvesting straw before the onset of the process maturation of the bulk of the seeds between the fiber and the lignin and pectin contained in it, weaker bonds compared to the vegetable bast culture, mowed after the bulk of the seeds have ripened.
  • the main difference and disadvantage of the analogue is that only the degummation stage is provided here and further processing of the vegetable bast fiber is not disclosed.
  • the present method describes all the steps of harvesting straw and processing fiber from a plant bast culture to obtain cottonin.
  • the closest analogue is the US4617383 patent (publ. 10/14/1986; IPC: C13L 1/00, D21C 3/00, D01C 1/04), which describes an invention related to a method for degumming and bleaching bast fiber that has passed the stage decortication, to remove material containing pectin and coloring resins from it, and, in particular, to a method for degumming purified vegetable bast fiber such as ramie, flax or hemp to remove pectin-containing material and other resins contained in bast fibers.
  • the technical result is to increase the efficiency of the chemical process of degumming bast fiber in a significantly short period of time.
  • the method consists in the desired initial washing of the vegetable bast fiber after decortication with a cleaning solution containing a surface active agent in order to penetrate the vegetable bast fiber and remove water-soluble material and other residues from it. Then the washed bast fibers are rinsed. The washed plant bast fibers are treated with an aqueous acidic solution of fungal pectinase for a period of 10 to 30 minutes to remove pectin from the plant fibers.
  • the acidizing solution is maintained at an elevated temperature in the range of 60°C to 70°C and has a pH of about 2.0 to 3.5.
  • the vegetable bast fibers, with the pectin removed from them are removed from the acid treatment solution and sufficient NaOH is added to it to raise the pH of the treatment solution to about 11.0.
  • the vegetable bast fiber, with the pectin removed from it is then further treated in the stock solution for a period of about 15 to 60 minutes to remove the coloring gum adhering to the fiber from the vegetable bast.
  • the vegetable bast fiber, with both pectin and coloring gum removed, is then washed to remove the processing solution from it.
  • the disadvantage and difference of this method is the treatment with fungal pectinase to remove pectin from plant fibers. In the present method, there is no fungal pectinase treatment step.
  • the essence of the invention is to develop a method for processing a plant bast crop that ensures the stability of the processing of raw materials, the standardization of the quality of the products obtained, the automation of the raw part of the project and the possibility of rapid scaling.
  • This task is achieved due to such a technical result as ensuring the stability of the processing of raw materials, standardization of the quality of the resulting products due to modern processing technologies, automation of the raw part of the project and the possibility of rapid scaling due to the transfer of all stages of processing from the field to the production chain of the plant.
  • This objective is achieved, among other things, but not limited to:
  • the technical result is achieved by the described method of processing a plant bast culture, including the steps: decortication of the straw of a plant bast culture; chemical dehumation of fibers of plant bast culture; washing vegetable bast fibers; bleaching of washed vegetable bast fibers; washing bleached vegetable bast fibers; drying washed vegetable bast fibers; cottonization of dried plant bast fibers.
  • unfermented straw is used as the processed raw material of the plant bast culture.
  • the decortication of the straw of the vegetable bast culture is used to separate the straw into fibers and shives.
  • Chemical dehumation of bast plant fibers is used to remove pectin and lignin from the fibers. Washing chemically degummed plant fibers is used to remove chemical components so that they do not later react with the chemical components used for bleaching. Bleaching of vegetable bast fibers is used to remove the coloring material contained in the fibers. Washing of bleached vegetable bast fibers is used to remove chemical components; drying bleached vegetable bast fibers to remove solutions used for washing. Cottonization of dried plant bast fibers is used to split long plant bast fibers into separate and complex fibers.
  • industrial hemp can be used as a processed raw material of bast crop.
  • the use of technical hemp straw can allow harvesting from the field before the onset of the maceration process.
  • Unfermented straw of 5-18% moisture content can be used as the processed raw material of the bast crop.
  • the use of non-fermented straw can facilitate the separation of fires and fibers at the stage of decortication, as well as facilitate the removal of pectin and lignin from the fibers of the plant bast culture.
  • the use of straw with 5-18% moisture as a processed raw material can make it possible not to dry the raw material before decortication.
  • the fibers of the plant bast culture can additionally be washed with water or an aqueous solution to remove the remnants of the fine fraction (dust) and fires.
  • Chemical degumming of plant bast fibers can be performed using alkaline compounds to remove pectin and lignin contained in plant bast fiber.
  • Washing of vegetable bast fibers can be carried out directly after the chemical degumming step without additional chemical treatment to remove chemical components in order to avoid their reaction with the chemical components used to bleach the fibers.
  • Washing chemically degummed vegetable bast fibers can be done with water or an aqueous solution to remove chemical components after degumming in order to avoid their reaction with the chemical components used for bleaching.
  • the washing of vegetable bast fibers after the bleaching step can be performed without additional chemical treatment to remove chemical components.
  • Drying of the washed plant bast fibers can be carried out sequentially in 2 stages: initially, the fiber can be spun in a centrifuge, and then hot air can be applied to the fiber to remove the solutions used to wash the plant bast fibers.
  • Cottonization of vegetable bast fibers can be performed mechanically. Mechanical cottonization of dried plant bast fibers can be performed by combing and fluffing plant bast fibers into separate elementary and complex fibers.
  • the processed raw materials can be removed from the field by cutting the stems before the onset of the process of maturation of the bulk of the seeds of the plant bast crop to obtain straw. At the same time, it is possible to achieve the standard quality of raw materials for further processing, thus simplifying the process of harvesting raw materials in the field, it is possible to achieve an acceleration of the process of clearing the field in the fall.
  • the stems of the plant bast crop can be cut into one cut. This allows you to harvest with a conventional mower instead of expensive specialized combines.
  • guillotines are used at the entrance to the processing conveyor.
  • the straw of the bast plant crop can be reconditioned, with the straw evenly distributed in wide rows on the field. This ensures uniform drying of all straw.
  • the bast plant straw can be packaged by pressing into bales by means of a baler. This makes it possible to facilitate the transportation of processed raw materials for further processing and obtaining cottonized material.
  • the bast vegetable straw can be pressed into round bales. This allows the use of cheaper press assemblers.
  • the bast plant straw can be stored in compressed round bales in open areas of the crop farm.
  • the bales are placed in blocks folded in the shape of a pyramid (up to 24 m) long under the shelter of a special membrane material that does not allow precipitation and moisture to penetrate from the outside with good ventilation inside under the cover of the material.
  • Storage near the cultivation sites allows the transportation of raw straw to the processing site at any time after harvesting. This makes it possible to significantly expand the growing area of raw materials up to 100 km away from the plant, since year-round delivery of raw materials to the plant by own factory transport is much cheaper and more profitable than the simultaneous export of the entire crop of raw materials to the plant during harvesting by hired vehicles.
  • bast plant straw can be carried out in open areas under covering material. This allows you to use open areas instead of specialized barns or sheds for storage, which significantly reduces the cost of straw storage.
  • the described method makes it possible to provide a plant for the processing of industrial hemp with raw materials grown on a contract by third parties. This becomes possible due to the maximum simplification of the process of growing and harvesting straw (no need for maceration in the field), simple mechanization of the growing process (no need to purchase expensive specialized combines), standardization of the quality of raw materials at the time of its transfer to processing (no fermentation of straw in the field) and low cost storage.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method for processing a plant bast crop.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a process for harvesting processed raw materials prior to processing a bast crop.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating a method for harvesting and processing a bast crop with all additional steps.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method for processing bast crop, which includes the steps of decorticating 101 bast crop straw, chemically degumming 102 bast crop fibers, washing 103 bast fibers, bleaching washed 104 fibers, rewashing bleached fibers 105, drying 106 washed vegetable bast fibers and cottonization of 107 dried vegetable bast fibers, while unfermented straw is used as the processed raw material of vegetable bast culture.
  • Decortication 101 of bast plant straw is used to mechanically separate the straw into fibers and shives without using a lobe.
  • fine fraction dust
  • shives fine fraction
  • the technological line can work as follows: a pre-formed bale of bast plant straw is placed in a dividing and scutching machine, where intensive grinding, drawing, abrasion and thinning take place. The crushed and partially separated from the fire raw material enters the raw material scutching machine. Then the mixture of raw materials, partially separated from the fire, enters the apparatus, which is a device for shaking the raw materials, where the final separation of the raw materials into fibers and fire takes place.
  • Dust generated during rewinding, fiber bed formation, scutching, carding and tearing is collected and removed by aspiration at all stages of the process.
  • the productivity of the decortication line 101 can reach up to 5 t/h for incoming raw materials.
  • fiber can be obtained in the amount of 25-30% by weight of the incoming raw material with the following characteristics:
  • Decortication 101 of bast plant straw can be provided, for example, by equipment from Laroche.
  • Chemical degumming of 102 plant bast fibers completely removes the components that stick the fibers together and do not allow traditional mechanical cottonization to achieve fiber parameters such as fineness, length, strength, whiteness, purity and absorbency.
  • the chemical degumming 102 of the bast plant fibers can take place in an autoclave into which high density cassettes are placed in which the fibers are packed. Chemical compounds are fed into the autoclave, which can be alkaline solutions activated by steam. Chemical compounds activated by steam make it possible to clean the fiber from lignin, pectin and bonfire residues. This stage in the processing of the bast crop makes the fibers less coarse and makes the original fiber hydrophilic and simplifies dyeing if necessary.
  • Solutions containing surfactants, aqueous solutions or water can be used to wash the 103 degummed bast plant fibers.
  • the surfactants are non-ionic and do not attach to the fibres.
  • Bleaching of 104 washed bast fibers to remove coloring components contained in the fibers can be carried out using hydrogen peroxide or a solution containing NaOCl in autoclaves in which bast fibers are chemically dehumidified.
  • anhydrous ferrous sulfate can be additionally used as a catalyst for hydrogen peroxide under weak acid conditions.
  • Washing 105 vegetable bast fibers to remove chemical components after the bleaching step 104 vegetable bast fibers can be used to wash the 105 bleached bast plant fibers.
  • the surfactants are non-ionic and do not attach to the fibres.
  • Drying of the 106 washed plant bast fibers is performed to remove the solutions used to wash the 105 bleached plant bast fibers. Drying 106 of the fibers can be carried out in various types of dryers such as single and multi-layer belt dryers, as well as drum dryers, or they can use compression of the fibers. It is preferable to dry 106 in 2 stages: spin the fibers in a centrifuge, and then dry with hot air.
  • the cottonization of 107 dried bast fibers can be mechanical processing of vegetable bast fibers or mechanical processing followed by aerodynamic fractionation, and sodium sulfide or sulfite can be used as a stabilizer. It is also possible to use the cottonization technology based on the enzymatic treatment of bast plant fibers. It is preferable to produce cottonization mechanically to separate the fibers after degumming and bleaching into separate elementary and complex fibers.
  • non-fermented bast plant straw as a processed raw material facilitates the subsequent process of separating the raw material into fiber and fire, and also facilitates the chemical process of degumming 102 of the bast plant crop to remove pectin and lignin. Also, the use of non-fermented straw as a processed raw material makes it possible to exclude additional chemical effects on the fibers of a plant bast crop, which can be washing 103, 105 of the fiber with substances containing surfactants, or preliminary additional chemical dehumidification of the fiber.
  • the bast crop treatment method 100 shown in FIG. 1 is carried out as follows.
  • the non-fermented straw of the plant bast culture is decorticated 101.
  • a fine fraction (dust), bonfire and fiber are obtained.
  • the resulting fibers are chemically degummed 102 to remove pectin and lignin from them.
  • vegetable bast fibers that do not contain pectin and lignin are washed 103 to remove chemical components used in chemical degumming 102.
  • the washed fibers are bleached 104 to remove the coloring material contained in the fibers.
  • Bleached vegetable bast fibers are re-washed 105 to remove chemical components used in bleaching 104 fibers.
  • the washed bleached fibers are dried 106.
  • the fibers cottonize 107 for splitting long vegetable bast fibers into individual and complex fibers.
  • individual complex fibers are obtained that do not contain a coloring material, pectin and lignin, as well as chemicals used in the processing 100.
  • Industrial hemp, jute, flax, ramie, kenaf can be used as a processed raw material of a plant bast crop. It is preferable to use industrial hemp as a processed raw material for bast culture.
  • Fermented straw (Trest) or non-fermented straw with 5-18% moisture content can be used as a raw material for bast plant culture. It is preferable to use non-fermented straw with 5-18% moisture, since in this form the raw material has the characteristics of a high degree of uniformity of the raw material. When the moisture content of non-fermented straw is less than 5% during decortication, it is severely injured, which means that the strength of the fiber deteriorates.
  • the moisture content of the straw is more than 18% during the decortication stage, the separation into fiber and shive worsens, that is, the fiber stiffness increases, which also negatively affects the quality of the fiber, therefore, if the moisture content of unfermented straw is more than 18%, it is necessary to additionally dry the processed raw material before the decortication stage.
  • the moisture content of the straw of the plant bast crop is determined by a moisture meter, in addition, to equalize the moisture content of all raw materials that are processed, they are placed in the warehouse of the workshop 24 hours before processing.
  • the homogeneity of the raw material for degumming is greater than after decortication of field-fermented straw using the same equipment.
  • the fibers of the plant bast crop can be additionally washed to remove the remnants of the fine fraction (dust) and the fire with water or an aqueous solution. Washing after the decortication step can also be carried out with additional chemical action, however, in this case, the chemicals used in the washing after the decortication step may react with the reagents used in the degumming 102.
  • the dehumation of 102 plant bast fibers can be of the following types: chemical, biological, chemical-biological, respectively, it can be produced using a variety of chemical reagents, enzymes, penetrating into the fiber of bast culture.
  • enzymes pectinase, hemicellulase and ligninase can be used.
  • chemical reagents which can be alkali solutions containing caustic soda, sodium sulfate, sodium tripolyphosphate.
  • bales Prior to the chemical degumming 102 of the fiber, it can be placed under a high pressure press to form special bales (cakes), this packaging of the material allows you to evenly act on each section of the fiber during chemical degumming 102 and bleaching, then the bales can be placed in autoclaves, for example, from Rousselet Robatel®, which are pressurized and chemically degummed 102.
  • Washing 103 of plant bast fibers is carried out immediately after the stage of chemical degummation 102 without additional chemical exposure to remove chemical components remaining after chemical degummation 102 of plant bast fiber, so that in the future the chemical reagents do not react with the reagents used later for bleaching 104 fibers. Wash 103 can also be performed with additional chemical action, however, in this case, the chemicals used in the wash 102 may react with the chemicals used in the bleaching 104.
  • Washing 103 chemically degummed vegetable bast fibers can be done with water, an aqueous solution, detergents containing surfactants. It is preferable to use hot or cold water to wash 103 fibers.
  • the bleaching of the washed bast fibers 104 to remove the coloring components contained in the fibers can be carried out in the same autoclaves as the chemical dehumidification 102, such as Rousselet Robatel® autoclaves.
  • Bleaching 104 can be performed using hydrogen peroxide or a solution containing NaOCl.
  • anhydrous ferrous sulfate can be additionally used as a catalyst for hydrogen peroxide under weak acid conditions.
  • Washing 105 vegetable bast fibers can be performed immediately after bleaching 104 without additional chemical treatment to remove the chemical components used in this step. Washing 105 bleached vegetable bast fibers can be done with water, detergents containing surfactants. It is preferable to use hot or cold water to wash 103 fibers.
  • Drying of the 106 washed bast plant fibers is performed to remove the solutions used to wash the 105 bleached bast plant fibers. Drying 106 of the fibers can be carried out in various types of dryers such as single and multi-layer belt dryers, as well as drum dryers, or they can use compression of the fibers. It is preferable to dry 106 using a centrifuge, followed by hot air drying. The centrifuge can have the following characteristics: centrifuge rotation speed from 500 to 850 rpm, while the productivity can reach 800 kg/hour. A Roussel et Robatel® centrifuge may have these characteristics.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method of harvesting treated raw materials 200.
  • the treated raw materials can be removed 201 from the field by cutting the stems before the main seed maturation process occurs or after the bast plant seeds have been produced to produce straw. It is preferable to remove the processed raw material 201 from the field before the onset of the seed production process, at this stage there is less lignin and pectin in the stems, which increases the uniformity of the raw material and the yield of fiber.
  • Harvesting 201 from the bast plant straw field can be performed in any time range before the onset of the fermentation process or after the onset of the fermentation process. Preferably, harvesting 201 from the bast straw field is carried out within 1-14 days before fermentation occurs. This ensures the standardization of raw materials for further processing.
  • stem cutting may be performed in a single cut, or the plant may be cut into short segments. It is preferable to cut in one cut, this allows harvesting with a conventional mower instead of expensive specialized combines. In this case, the straw is cut with a special guillotine at the entrance to the processing conveyor in the plant.
  • the bast crop 202 may be reconditioned before baling the straw, or additional drying may be performed just prior to the decortication step.
  • reconditioning 202 of the bast crop is performed prior to pressing the straw to increase the density of the straw bales using a reconditioner device such as from Tubeline. This device passes through itself a mass of straw under high mechanical pressure, which reduces the moisture level of the straw and increases the density of the bale during subsequent pressing into bales.
  • the packing 203 of bast straw can be produced by pressing.
  • the pressing can be in square or round bales. It is preferable to press the straw into round bales. This allows organizing long-term storage while maintaining the standard quality of raw materials in open areas under covering material.
  • Such straw bales are high density round cassettes, the weight of the cassette varies in the range of 300-350 kg.
  • Storage of 204 bast plant straw can be carried out in open areas under covering material or in special warehouses. It is preferable to store 204 bast crop straw in open areas under covering material, this allows growing raw materials at a distance without additional construction of warehouses.
  • the method of harvesting bast crop 200 shown in FIG. 2 is carried out in the following way.
  • the plant bast culture is harvested 201 from the field before the onset of the process of maturation of the bulk of the seeds.
  • the straw is passed through a reconditioner 202, after which it is packed 203 by pressing, for example, into round bales. Compressed straw is stored 204 until it is transported and processed.
  • the packaged straw can be stored 204, for example, in open areas under covering material.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating methods for harvesting and processing a plant bast crop according to the present invention with additional elements.
  • the vegetable bast culture is harvested 201 from the field before the onset of maturation of the bulk of the seeds within 1-14 days.
  • the plant bast culture is reconditioned 202, as a result, straw of the plant bast culture is obtained.
  • the straw is packed 203 by pressing, for example, into round bales.
  • the compressed straw is stored 204 until it is transported and processed.
  • the packaged straw can be stored 204, for example, in open areas under covering material. As a result, unfermented bast plant straw is obtained.
  • the non-fermented straw of the plant bast culture is decorticated 101. After decortication 101, a fine fraction (dust), bonfire and fiber are obtained. The resulting fibers are chemically degummed 102 to remove pectin and lignin from them.
  • vegetable bast fibers that do not contain pectin and lignin are washed 103 to remove chemical components used in chemical degumming 102.
  • the washed fibers are bleached 104 to remove the coloring material contained in the fibers. Bleached vegetable bast fibers are re-washed 105 to remove chemical components used in bleaching 104 fibers.
  • the washed bleached fibers are dried 106.
  • the fibers are cottonized 107 to split the long vegetable bast fibers into individual and complex fibers.
  • individual complex fibers are obtained that do not contain a coloring material, pectin and lignin, as well as chemicals used in the processing 100.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de traitement de culture de plantes textiles, qui se rapporte au domaine de l'industrie agricole, et concerne notamment le conditionnement de fibres de culture de plantes textiles jusqu'à l'état de fibres élémentaires blanchies. L'invention peut être utilisée pour la production de fibres cotonneuses et de matière première textile végétale. Ce procédé de traitement de culture de plantes textiles comprend les étapes consistant à décortiquer la paille de la culture de plante textile, à effectuer un dégommage chimique, un rinçage, un blanchissage, un rinçage, et un séchage des fibres de plantes textiles rincées, et une cotonisation des fibres de plantes textiles séchées. On utilise comme matière première de culture de plantes textiles à traiter de la paille non fermentée. Ce procédé assure la stabilité des processus de transformation de la matière première, une normalisation de la qualité du produit obtenu grâce à des techniques de transformation modernes, une automatisation de la partie brute du projet et la possibilité d'une mise à l'échelle rapide grâce au transfert de toutes les étapes de transformation depuis le champ jusqu'à la chaîne de production de l'usine; ce procédé de traitement de culture de plantes textiles permet de faciliter la séparation des anas et des fibres lors de l'étape de décorticage. Ce procédé permet également de simplifier l'élimination de pectine et de lignine des fibres de culture de plantes textiles lors de l'étape de dégommage chimique.
PCT/RU2022/050405 2021-12-22 2022-12-20 Procédé de traitement de culture de plantes textiles WO2023121518A1 (fr)

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RU2021138228A RU2784552C1 (ru) 2021-12-22 Способ обработки растительной лубяной культуры
RU2021138228 2021-12-22

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4617383A (en) * 1983-11-22 1986-10-14 Helmic, Inc. Method for degumming and bleaching decorticated plant bast fiber
RU2461670C1 (ru) * 2011-03-18 2012-09-20 Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Костромской государственный технологический университет" Способ получения лубяного волокна
CN110359312A (zh) * 2014-05-20 2019-10-22 Gpcp知识产权控股有限责任公司 非木材纤维的漂白及碎屑减少方法
US10519579B2 (en) * 2013-03-15 2019-12-31 Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc Nonwoven fabrics of short individualized bast fibers and products made therefrom

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4617383A (en) * 1983-11-22 1986-10-14 Helmic, Inc. Method for degumming and bleaching decorticated plant bast fiber
RU2461670C1 (ru) * 2011-03-18 2012-09-20 Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Костромской государственный технологический университет" Способ получения лубяного волокна
US10519579B2 (en) * 2013-03-15 2019-12-31 Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc Nonwoven fabrics of short individualized bast fibers and products made therefrom
CN110359312A (zh) * 2014-05-20 2019-10-22 Gpcp知识产权控股有限责任公司 非木材纤维的漂白及碎屑减少方法

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