WO2023117944A1 - Method for starting up a hybrid electric vehicle and drive train for a hybrid electric vehicle - Google Patents

Method for starting up a hybrid electric vehicle and drive train for a hybrid electric vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023117944A1
WO2023117944A1 PCT/EP2022/086710 EP2022086710W WO2023117944A1 WO 2023117944 A1 WO2023117944 A1 WO 2023117944A1 EP 2022086710 W EP2022086710 W EP 2022086710W WO 2023117944 A1 WO2023117944 A1 WO 2023117944A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vehicle
combustion engine
internal combustion
clutch
hybrid electric
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2022/086710
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Alexander NUSS
Jörg Sagstetter
Original Assignee
Vitesco Technologies GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Vitesco Technologies GmbH filed Critical Vitesco Technologies GmbH
Publication of WO2023117944A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023117944A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K6/485—Motor-assist type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/18009—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
    • B60W30/18027—Drive off, accelerating from standstill
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/192—Mitigating problems related to power-up or power-down of the driveline, e.g. start-up of a cold engine
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4825—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox input shaft

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for starting a hybrid electric vehicle, a drive train for a hybrid electric vehicle, and a control device and a hybrid electric vehicle.
  • one of the electrical machines is often provided primarily as a starter generator and the second electrical machine is primarily provided as a traction machine.
  • the starter generator can, for example, be permanently connected to the internal combustion engine by a belt drive.
  • the combustion engine is connected to the traction machine via a clutch CO.
  • the traction machine in turn can be connected to a transmission by means of a further clutch C1.
  • ICE internal combustion engine
  • N_ICE_min a minimum speed of its crankshaft
  • VS_min a minimum speed solely by the traction machine when starting off.
  • VS_min is characterized by the fact that at this speed the transmission input speed (this is also the speed of the output side of clutch C1 has at least the value of N_ICE_min.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of avoiding the problems mentioned when starting and driving off a hybrid electric vehicle.
  • the method according to the invention for starting relates to a hybrid electric vehicle having an internal combustion engine with a crankshaft and a first electric machine which is connected to the internal combustion engine.
  • the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine is detachably connected to a traction shaft of the vehicle via a first clutch.
  • the internal combustion engine is first switched off and the first releasable clutch is closed, as a result of which the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine is non-rotatably connected to the traction shaft.
  • the first electric machine provides a torque (TQ_SG) for starting the vehicle, which sets the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine in rotation and is transmitted to the traction shaft of the vehicle via the closed first clutch.
  • a torque is preferably provided by the first electrical machine (ie by the starter generator SG) which is higher than a loss torque (TQ_ICE_LOSS) which is required to rotate the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine (ICE).
  • TQ_SG_RES TQ_SG - TQ_ICE_LOSS.
  • the traction shaft for its part, is coupled to the output of the vehicle, for example via a gearbox and, if necessary, further clutches. Since the crankshaft is coupled to the abrasion via the traction shaft, the acceleration of the crankshaft is coupled to the acceleration of the vehicle. In particular, if the gear ratio remains the same, the increase in the rotational speed of the crankshaft can be proportional to the acceleration of the vehicle. This applies in particular to the beginning of the starting process, as long as the traction shaft is coupled to the output via a constant ratio. In this application, starting means accelerating the vehicle from a standstill.
  • the first electrical machine is a starter generator, for example, and is preferably permanently connected to the internal combustion engine, for example via a belt drive.
  • the belt drive thus allows a rotary motion of a rotor shaft of the starter generator to be transmitted to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, or vice versa.
  • the internal combustion engine is therefore dragged along from the start when the vehicle is accelerated. Since the CO clutch is closed from the start, no separate synchronization between the crankshaft and the traction shaft is required when starting the combustion engine. As a result, on the one hand, friction losses due to synchronization and/or current and load peaks, which can lead to voltage fluctuations in the vehicle electrical system, can be successfully avoided.
  • a further advantage of the invention is therefore lower demands on the stability of the vehicle electrical system than in conventional hybrid drives.
  • an additional torque is provided by at least one second electric machine (traction machine) to start the hybrid electric vehicle together with the resulting torque of the starter generator contributes to the traction of the vehicle and is coupled to the output.
  • a higher traction torque is available overall, namely the sum of the torque of the second electrical machine and the resulting torque of the starter generator for the output.
  • both electric machines, namely the starter generator and the traction machine both contribute torque to the traction of the vehicle at the same time.
  • the resultant torque for traction of the vehicle is thus the sum of the resultant torque from the first electrical machine and the (resultant) torque provided by the second electrical machine.
  • the second electrical (traction) machine can thus be dimensioned to be less powerful than in conventional hybrid drives according to the prior art. This can lead to lower hardware costs.
  • the traction shaft is preferably non-rotatably connected to the rotor of a second electrical machine and forms its rotor shaft.
  • the traction shaft is in turn detachably connected to an output shaft of the vehicle by means of a second detachable clutch (C1).
  • the output shaft leads, for example, as a transmission input shaft to a transmission. From there, the output is transmitted to the wheels of the vehicle.
  • the variant described here corresponds to a P0+P2 architecture.
  • the method according to the invention can also be used for other hybrid architectures, such as a P0+P3 or P0+P4 architecture, in which case one or more second electric traction machines can be located, for example, after the transmission (P3) or on the wheels (P4).
  • the clutch CO can advantageously be designed as a cheap, positive clutch or claw clutch.
  • the clutch C1 can also be designed as a positive clutch, a so-called claw clutch.
  • Jaw clutches have the advantage over friction clutches that they are less complex and less expensive.
  • the interconnected shafts cannot be synchronized by means of a dog clutch. The synchronization of the speeds for engaging must be done in a different way be ensured, for example by appropriate control of the traction machine and the combustion engine with crankshaft.
  • the first clutch CO is in the engaged, ie closed, state during the starting process when the internal combustion engine is switched off. This means that the crankshaft of the combustion engine is non-rotatably connected to the traction shaft at this point in time.
  • the internal combustion engine is started after the first acceleration from standstill of the vehicle when a speed threshold (v_VM_min) of the vehicle is exceeded. Since the internal combustion engine was dragged along from the start, no further synchronization is necessary.
  • the starting process is completed when the vehicle speed reaches or exceeds the value VS_min and fuel injection and combustion are initiated. After the combustion engine has been started, it can also contribute to traction through combustion. Because the speed of the internal combustion engine does not have to be adjusted by the starter generator to the speed of the traction shaft (or transmission input speed) and no engagement process is necessary, the starting process is accelerated overall.
  • the invention thus enables a starting process while the internal combustion engine is in unfired operation and the clutch CO is in the engaged state.
  • Additional advantages of the invention are an acceleration of the starting process, even in situations such as a “snapping start” and, moreover, emergency running properties if the clutch CO fails.
  • the object of the invention is also achieved by a drive train for a hybrid electric vehicle with an internal combustion engine with a crankshaft and a first electrical machine which is connected to the internal combustion engine.
  • the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine can be releasably connected to a traction shaft of the vehicle via a first clutch.
  • the traction shaft can in turn be coupled to an output of the vehicle.
  • the first electrical machine can be a starter generator, for example, which is permanently connected to the internal combustion engine, in particular by a belt drive.
  • the traction shaft is non-rotatably connected to a rotor of a second electrical machine, wherein the traction shaft can be releasably connected to an output shaft of the vehicle by means of a second clutch.
  • the first clutch and/or the second clutch can advantageously be designed as a form-fitting clutch (claw clutch).
  • the internal combustion engine is revved up comparatively slowly compared to the prior art. Since the crankshaft is coupled to the abrasion via the traction shaft, the acceleration of the crankshaft is coupled to the acceleration of the vehicle. In particular, the increase in the rotational speed of the crankshaft may be proportional to the acceleration of the vehicle. This applies in particular to the beginning of the starting process, as long as the traction shaft is coupled to the output via a constant ratio. Combustion engines in conventional hybrid drives are often not designed for this and vibration resonances could therefore occur.
  • the internal combustion engine is therefore preferably set up for slow revving. This can mean, for example, that it has a corresponding mass flywheel that is designed for slow revving.
  • a further aspect of the invention relates to a control device for a drive train of a hybrid electric vehicle with a processor device which is set up to process the components of the drive train in accordance with an embodiment variant of the method according to the invention described above.
  • a further aspect of the invention is a hybrid electric vehicle with a drive train according to the invention and a corresponding control device according to the invention.
  • the invention also includes a computer program (product) and a computer-readable medium on which the computer program is stored, the computer program including instructions that are executed when the program is executed a control device according to the invention cause the control device to carry out the method according to the invention in an embodiment variant.
  • Figure 1 A preferred embodiment of an inventive
  • FIG. 1 shows a P0+P2 drive train for a hybrid electric vehicle 10 with an internal combustion engine 11 and a crankshaft 12.
  • the internal combustion engine is permanently connected to a first electric machine 13 via a belt drive 19.
  • the crankshaft 12 is detachably and non-rotatably connected to the traction shaft 17 via a first clutch 15, which is designed as a claw clutch.
  • the traction shaft 17 is in turn connected in a rotationally fixed manner to a rotor 18 of a second electrical machine 14 .
  • the traction shaft 17 can be detachably connected to an output shaft 30 via a second clutch 16 (C1), which can also be designed as a claw clutch.
  • the output shaft is, for example, an input shaft for a transmission 31 .
  • the clutch 15 is closed.
  • the two electrical machines 13 and 14 generate torque and contribute to traction.
  • the unfired internal combustion engine 11 is initially dragged along. When a minimum speed is reached, combustion can be started and the combustion engine can also contribute torque.
  • crankshaft internal combustion engine output shaft

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for starting up a hybrid-electric vehicle (10) with an internal combustion engine (VM) with a crankshaft (12) and a first electric machine (SG) which is connected to the internal combustion engine (VM), wherein the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine can be detachably connected to a traction shaft (17) of the vehicle (10) via a first clutch (C0), wherein, in order to start up the vehicle (10), the internal combustion engine (VM) is off, the first detachable clutch (C0) is closed, and the first electric machine (SG) provides a first torque (TQ_SG), which causes the crankshaft (12) of the internal combustion engine (12) to rotate and is transmitted to the traction shaft (17) of the vehicle via the closed clutch (C0).

Description

Beschreibung Description
Verfahren zum Anfahren eines hybridelektrischen Fahrzeugs und Antriebsstrang für ein hybridelektrisches Fahrzeug Hybrid electric vehicle launch method and hybrid electric vehicle powertrain
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Anfahren eines hybridelektrischen Fahrzeugs, einen Antriebsstrang für ein hybridelektrisches Fahrzeug, sowie eine Steuervorrichtung und ein hybridelektrisches Fahrzeug. The invention relates to a method for starting a hybrid electric vehicle, a drive train for a hybrid electric vehicle, and a control device and a hybrid electric vehicle.
Bei bekannten Hybridfahrzeugen mit einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine und zwei elektrischen Maschinen ist häufig eine der elektrischen Maschinen primär als Startergenerator vorgesehen und die zweite elektrische Maschine primär als Traktionsmaschine. Der Startergenerator kann beispielsweise mit dem Verbrennungsmotor durch einen Riementrieb permanent verbunden sein. Bei einem häufig als „P0+P2-Hybrid“ bezeichneten System ist der Verbrennungsmotor über eine Kupplung CO mit der Traktionsmaschine verbunden. Die Traktionsmaschine ihrerseits ist mittels einer weiteren Kupplung C1 mit einem Getriebe verbindbar. In known hybrid vehicles with an internal combustion engine and two electrical machines, one of the electrical machines is often provided primarily as a starter generator and the second electrical machine is primarily provided as a traction machine. The starter generator can, for example, be permanently connected to the internal combustion engine by a belt drive. In a system often referred to as a "P0+P2 hybrid", the combustion engine is connected to the traction machine via a clutch CO. The traction machine in turn can be connected to a transmission by means of a further clutch C1.
Da der Verbrennungsmotor (ICE, internal combustion engine) erst oberhalb einer gewissen Drehzahl N_ICE_min seiner Kurbelwelle wirkungsvoll Antriebsmoment in den Antriebsstrang einleiten kann, wird das Fahrzeug bei herkömmlichen Hybridantrieben bei einem Anfahrvorgang zunächst allein durch die Traktionsmaschine auf eine Mindestgeschwindigkeit (VS_min) beschleunigt. Wobei VS_min dadurch charakterisiert ist, dass bei dieser Geschwindigkeit die Getriebeeingangsdrehzahl (diese ist zugleich auch die Drehzahl der Abtriebsseite der Kupplung C1 mindestens den Wert von N_ICE_min hat. Erst nach Erreichen oder Überschreiten von VS_min kann der Verbrennungsmotor samt Startergenerator (SG) mittels der Kupplung CO an den Antriebsstrang gekoppelt werden und einen Beitrag durch Verbrennung zur Traktion des Fahrzeugs liefern. Dies bedeutet, dass unterhalb von der Mindestgeschwindigkeit VS_min nur die Traktionsmaschine für die Beschleunigung des Fahrzeugs zur Verfügung steht, während der Verbrennungsmotor und der Startergenerator SG erst oberhalb von VS_min zur Traktion beitragen. Um ausreichend Antriebsdrehmoment bzw. Antriebsleistung während des Anfahrvorganges zur Verfügung zu haben, muss die Traktionsmaschine entsprechend leistungsstark bemessen bzw. dimensioniert sein. Since the internal combustion engine (ICE) can only effectively introduce drive torque into the drive train above a certain speed N_ICE_min of its crankshaft, the vehicle with conventional hybrid drives is initially accelerated to a minimum speed (VS_min) solely by the traction machine when starting off. Where VS_min is characterized by the fact that at this speed the transmission input speed (this is also the speed of the output side of clutch C1 has at least the value of N_ICE_min. Only after VS_min has been reached or exceeded can the combustion engine including the starter generator (SG) be started by means of the clutch CO be coupled to the drive train and make a contribution to the traction of the vehicle through combustion.This means that below the minimum speed VS_min only the traction machine is available for accelerating the vehicle, while the combustion engine and the starter generator SG are only available for traction above VS_min contribute. In order to have sufficient drive torque or drive power available during the start-up process, the traction machine must be rated or dimensioned to be powerful enough.
Beim Schließen der Kupplung CO nach Überschreiten der Mindestgeschwindigkeit VS_min ist darüber hinaus eine Synchronisation der Drehzahlen von Verbrennungsmotor mit Kurbelwelle und der Drehzahl der Traktionswelle notwendig. Dies kann, insbesondere während der üblicherweise hohen Dynamik während des Anfahrvorganges des Fahrzeuges, einerseits zu Leistungsverlusten z.B. an der Kupplung führen und stellt andererseits hohe Anforderungen an die Stabilität des Bordnetzes im Fahrzeug. When the clutch CO is engaged after the minimum speed VS_min has been exceeded, the speeds of the internal combustion engine with the crankshaft and the speed of the traction shaft must also be synchronized. On the one hand, this can lead to power losses, e.g. at the clutch, especially during the usually high dynamics during the vehicle's starting process, and on the other hand, it places high demands on the stability of the on-board network in the vehicle.
Diese Probleme gelten auch für andere Konfigurationen des Hybridantriebsstranges (beispielsweise P1 +P2, P0+P3, P1 +P3, P0+P4 und P1 +P4) mit einer Ausführung einer Kupplung zwischen Verbrennungsmotor und Antriebstrang, die keine kraftschlüssige Verbindung darstellt. These problems also apply to other configurations of the hybrid powertrain (e.g. P1+P2, P0+P3, P1+P3, P0+P4 and P1+P4) with a design of a clutch between the internal combustion engine and the powertrain which does not represent a positive connection.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zu Grunde, die genannten Probleme beim Starten und Anfahren eines hybridelektrischen Fahrzeuges zu vermeiden. The invention is therefore based on the object of avoiding the problems mentioned when starting and driving off a hybrid electric vehicle.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch ein Verfahren zum Anfahren eines hybridelektrischen Fahrzeuges gemäß Anspruch 1 sowie durch die Gegenstände der weiteren unabhängigen Ansprüche. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben. The object is achieved according to the invention by a method for starting a hybrid electric vehicle according to claim 1 and by the subject matter of the other independent claims. Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Anfahren betrifft ein hybridelektrisches Fahrzeug mit einem Verbrennungsmotor mit einer Kurbelwelle und einer ersten elektrischen Maschine, die mit dem Verbrennungsmotor verbunden ist. The method according to the invention for starting relates to a hybrid electric vehicle having an internal combustion engine with a crankshaft and a first electric machine which is connected to the internal combustion engine.
Die Kurbelwelle des Verbrennungsmotors ist über eine erste Kupplung lösbar mit einer Traktionswelle des Fahrzeuges verbunden. Gemäß dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ist zum Anfahren des Fahrzeuges der Verbrennungsmotor zunächst ausgeschaltet und die erste lösbare Kupplung geschlossen, wodurch die Kurbelwelle des Verbrennungsmotors drehfest mit der Traktionswelle verbunden ist. Erfindungsgemäß stellt zum Anfahren des Fahrzeuges die erste elektrische Maschine ein Drehmoment (TQ_SG) bereit, welches die Kurbelwelle des Verbrennungsmotors in Rotation versetzt und über die geschlossene erste Kupplung auf die Traktionswelle des Fahrzeuges übertragen wird. Dabei wird vorzugsweise durch die erste elektrische Maschine (d.h. durch den Startergenerator SG) ein Drehmoment (TQ_SG) bereitgestellt, das höher ist als ein Verlustdrehmoment (TQ_ICE_LOSS), welches erforderlich ist, um die Kurbelwelle des Verbrennungsmotors (ICE) in Rotation zu versetzen. Das resultierende Drehmoment des Startergenerators (TQ_SG_RES) dient der Traktion. Dieses ergibt wie folgt: TQ_SG_RES = TQ_SG - TQ_ICE_LOSS. The crankshaft of the internal combustion engine is detachably connected to a traction shaft of the vehicle via a first clutch. According to the method according to the invention, to start the vehicle, the internal combustion engine is first switched off and the first releasable clutch is closed, as a result of which the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine is non-rotatably connected to the traction shaft. According to the invention, the first electric machine provides a torque (TQ_SG) for starting the vehicle, which sets the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine in rotation and is transmitted to the traction shaft of the vehicle via the closed first clutch. In this case, a torque (TQ_SG) is preferably provided by the first electrical machine (ie by the starter generator SG) which is higher than a loss torque (TQ_ICE_LOSS) which is required to rotate the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine (ICE). The resulting torque of the starter generator (TQ_SG_RES) is used for traction. This results in the following: TQ_SG_RES = TQ_SG - TQ_ICE_LOSS.
Die Traktionswelle ihrerseits ist beispielsweise über ein Getriebe und ggf. weitere Kupplungen an den Abtrieb des Fahrzeuges gekoppelt. Da die Kurbelwelle über die Traktionswelle somit an den Abrieb gekoppelt ist, erfolgt die Beschleunigung der Kurbelwelle gekoppelt an die Beschleunigung des Fahrzeuges. Insbesondere kann bei gleichbleibender Übersetzung die Steigerung der Rotationsgeschwindigkeit der Kurbelwelle proportional sein zu der Beschleunigung des Fahrzeuges. Dies gilt insbesondere für den Beginn des Anfahrvorganges, solange die Traktionswelle über eine gleichbleibende Übersetzung an den Abtrieb gekoppelt ist. Anfahren bedeutet in dieser Anmeldung ein Beschleunigen des Fahrzeuges aus dem Stillstand. The traction shaft, for its part, is coupled to the output of the vehicle, for example via a gearbox and, if necessary, further clutches. Since the crankshaft is coupled to the abrasion via the traction shaft, the acceleration of the crankshaft is coupled to the acceleration of the vehicle. In particular, if the gear ratio remains the same, the increase in the rotational speed of the crankshaft can be proportional to the acceleration of the vehicle. This applies in particular to the beginning of the starting process, as long as the traction shaft is coupled to the output via a constant ratio. In this application, starting means accelerating the vehicle from a standstill.
Die erste elektrische Maschine ist beispielsweise ein Startergenerator und ist vorzugsweise permanent mit dem Verbrennungsmotor verbunden, beispielsweise über einen Riementrieb. Der Riementrieb erlaubt so eine Übertragung einer Drehbewegung einer Rotorwelle des Startergenerators auf die Kurbelwelle des Verbrennungsmotors oder umgekehrt. The first electrical machine is a starter generator, for example, and is preferably permanently connected to the internal combustion engine, for example via a belt drive. The belt drive thus allows a rotary motion of a rotor shaft of the starter generator to be transmitted to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, or vice versa.
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zum Anfahren wird demnach der Verbrennungsmotor von Anfang an bei der Beschleunigung des Fahrzeuges mitgeschleppt. Da die Kupplung CO bereits von Beginn an geschlossen ist, ist beim Starten des Verbrennungsmotors keine gesonderte Synchronisation zwischen der Kurbelwelle und der Traktionswelle nötig. Dadurch können einerseits Reibungsverluste aufgrund einer Synchronisation und/oder Strom- und Lastspitzen, die zu Spannungsschwankungen im Bordnetz führen können, erfolgreich vermieden werden. Ein weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung sind daher geringere Anforderungen an die Stabilität des Bordnetzes als bei den herkömmlichen Hybridantrieben. With the method for starting according to the invention, the internal combustion engine is therefore dragged along from the start when the vehicle is accelerated. Since the CO clutch is closed from the start, no separate synchronization between the crankshaft and the traction shaft is required when starting the combustion engine. As a result, on the one hand, friction losses due to synchronization and/or current and load peaks, which can lead to voltage fluctuations in the vehicle electrical system, can be successfully avoided. A further advantage of the invention is therefore lower demands on the stability of the vehicle electrical system than in conventional hybrid drives.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsvariante wird zum Anfahren des hybridelektrischen Fahrzeuges ein zusätzliches Drehmoment durch mindestens eine zweite elektrische Maschine (Traktionsmaschine) bereitgestellt, welches gemeinsam mit dem resultierenden Drehmoment des Startergenerators zur Traktion des Fahrzeuges beiträgt und an den Abtrieb gekoppelt ist. Durch diese Maßnahme steht insgesamt ein höheres Traktionsdrehmoment, nämlich die Summe aus dem Drehmoment der zweiten elektrischen Maschine und dem resultierenden Drehmoment des Startergenerators für den Abtrieb zur Verfügung. Es muss also weder die zweite elektrische Maschine noch der Startergenerator alleine das Fahrzeug aus dem Stillstand beschleunigen, sondern beide elektrischen Maschinen, nämlich Startergenerator und Traktionsmaschine tragen beide gleichzeitig Drehmoment zur Traktion des Fahrzeuges bei. Das resultierende Drehmoment für die Traktion des Fahrzeuges ist somit die Summe des resultierenden Drehmomentes von der ersten elektrischen Maschine und des von der zweiten elektrischen Maschine bereitgestellten (resultierenden) Drehmoments. Durch die vorliegende Erfindung kann somit die zweite elektrische (Traktions-)Maschine weniger leistungsstark dimensioniert werden als in herkömmlichen Hybridantrieben gemäß dem Stand der Technik. Dies kann zu geringeren Hardwarekosten führen. According to a preferred embodiment variant, an additional torque is provided by at least one second electric machine (traction machine) to start the hybrid electric vehicle together with the resulting torque of the starter generator contributes to the traction of the vehicle and is coupled to the output. As a result of this measure, a higher traction torque is available overall, namely the sum of the torque of the second electrical machine and the resulting torque of the starter generator for the output. Neither the second electric machine nor the starter generator alone has to accelerate the vehicle from standstill, but both electric machines, namely the starter generator and the traction machine, both contribute torque to the traction of the vehicle at the same time. The resultant torque for traction of the vehicle is thus the sum of the resultant torque from the first electrical machine and the (resultant) torque provided by the second electrical machine. As a result of the present invention, the second electrical (traction) machine can thus be dimensioned to be less powerful than in conventional hybrid drives according to the prior art. This can lead to lower hardware costs.
Die Traktionswelle ist vorzugsweise drehfest mit dem Rotor einer zweiten elektrischen Maschine verbunden und bildet dessen Rotorwelle. Vorzugsweise ist die Traktionswelle ihrerseits mittels einer zweiten lösbaren Kupplung (C1 ) mit einer Abtriebswelle des Fahrzeuges lösbar verbunden. Die Abtriebswelle führt beispielsweise als Getriebeeingangswelle zu einem Getriebe. Von dort wird der Abtrieb an die Räder des Fahrzeuges weitergeleitet. The traction shaft is preferably non-rotatably connected to the rotor of a second electrical machine and forms its rotor shaft. Preferably, the traction shaft is in turn detachably connected to an output shaft of the vehicle by means of a second detachable clutch (C1). The output shaft leads, for example, as a transmission input shaft to a transmission. From there, the output is transmitted to the wheels of the vehicle.
Die hier beschriebene Variante entspricht einer P0+P2 Architektur. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist aber auch für andere Hybridarchitekturen, wie beispielsweise eine P0+P3 oder P0+P4 Architekturen anwendbar, wobei sich eine oder mehrere zweite elektrische Traktionsmaschinen beispielsweise nach dem Getriebe (P3) oder an den Rädern (P4) befinden können. The variant described here corresponds to a P0+P2 architecture. However, the method according to the invention can also be used for other hybrid architectures, such as a P0+P3 or P0+P4 architecture, in which case one or more second electric traction machines can be located, for example, after the transmission (P3) or on the wheels (P4).
Da keine gesonderte Synchronisation zwischen der Kurbelwelle des Verbrennungsmotors und der Traktionswelle nötig ist, kann die Kupplung CO vorteilhaft als günstige, formschlüssige Kupplung bzw. Klauenkupplung ausgeführt sein. Vorzugsweise kann auch die Kupplung C1 als eine formschlüssige Kupplung, eine sogenannte Klauenkupplung ausgebildet sein. Klauenkupplungen haben gegenüber Reibkupplungen den Vorteil, dass sie weniger aufwändig und kostengünstiger sind. Allerdings kann mittels einer Klauenkupplung keine Synchronisation der miteinander verbundenen Wellen erfolgen. Die Synchronisation der Drehzahlen zum Einkuppeln muss auf andere Weise sichergestellt werden, beispielsweise durch entsprechende Ansteuerung der Traktionsmaschine und des Verbrennungsmotors mit Kurbelwelle. Since no separate synchronization between the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine and the traction shaft is necessary, the clutch CO can advantageously be designed as a cheap, positive clutch or claw clutch. Preferably, the clutch C1 can also be designed as a positive clutch, a so-called claw clutch. Jaw clutches have the advantage over friction clutches that they are less complex and less expensive. However, the interconnected shafts cannot be synchronized by means of a dog clutch. The synchronization of the speeds for engaging must be done in a different way be ensured, for example by appropriate control of the traction machine and the combustion engine with crankshaft.
Erfindungsgemäß befindet sich die erste Kupplung CO während des Anfahrvorgangs bei abgestellter Verbrennungskraftmaschine im eingekuppelten, also geschlossenen Zustand. D.h. die Kurbelwelle des Verbrennungsmotors ist zu diesem Zeitpunkt drehfest mit der Traktionswelle verbunden. According to the invention, the first clutch CO is in the engaged, ie closed, state during the starting process when the internal combustion engine is switched off. This means that the crankshaft of the combustion engine is non-rotatably connected to the traction shaft at this point in time.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Variante des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zum Anfahren eines hybridelektrischen Fahrzeuges wird nach der ersten Beschleunigung aus dem Stillstand des Fahrzeuges bei Überschreiten einer Geschwindigkeitsschwelle (v_VM_min) des Fahrzeugs der Verbrennungsmotor gestartet. Da der Verbrennugsmotor von Anfang an mitgeschleppt wurde, ist keine weitere Synchronosation mehr nötig. Der Startvorgang ist vollzogen, wenn die Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit den Wert VS_min erreicht oder überschreitet und die Kraftstoffeinspritzung und Verbrennung eingeleitet werden. Nach erfolgtem Startvorgang des Verbrennungsmotors kann dieser ebenfalls einen Beitrag zur Traktion durch Verbrennung leisten. Dadurch, dass keine Drehzahlanpassung des Verbrennungsmotors durch den Startergenerator an die Drehzahl der Traktionswelle (bzw. Getriebeeingangsdrehzahl) erfolgen muss und kein Einkuppelvorgang nötig ist, wird der Anfahrvorgang insgesamt beschleunigt. According to a preferred variant of the method according to the invention for starting a hybrid electric vehicle, the internal combustion engine is started after the first acceleration from standstill of the vehicle when a speed threshold (v_VM_min) of the vehicle is exceeded. Since the internal combustion engine was dragged along from the start, no further synchronization is necessary. The starting process is completed when the vehicle speed reaches or exceeds the value VS_min and fuel injection and combustion are initiated. After the combustion engine has been started, it can also contribute to traction through combustion. Because the speed of the internal combustion engine does not have to be adjusted by the starter generator to the speed of the traction shaft (or transmission input speed) and no engagement process is necessary, the starting process is accelerated overall.
Die Erfindung ermöglicht so einen Anfahrvorgang während sich die Verbrennungskraftmaschine im unbefeuerten Betrieb befindet und sich die Kupplung CO im eingekuppelten Zustand befindet. The invention thus enables a starting process while the internal combustion engine is in unfired operation and the clutch CO is in the engaged state.
Zusätzliche Vorteile der Erfindung sind dabei eine Beschleunigung des Anfahrvorgangs auch in Situationen wie einem „Durchreißstart" und darüber hinaus Notlaufeigenschaften bei einem Ausfall der Kupplung CO. Additional advantages of the invention are an acceleration of the starting process, even in situations such as a “snapping start” and, moreover, emergency running properties if the clutch CO fails.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird ebenfalls gelöst durch einen Antriebsstrang für ein hybridelektrisches Fahrzeug mit einem Verbrennungsmotor mit einer Kurbelwelle und einer ersten elektrischen Maschine, die mit dem Verbrennungsmotor verbunden ist. Die Kurbelwelle des Verbrennungsmotors ist über eine erste Kupplung lösbar mit einer Traktionswelle des Fahrzeuges verbindbar. Die Traktionswelle ist wiederum mit einem Abtrieb des Fahrzeuges koppelbar. Die erste elektrische Maschine kann beispielsweise ein Startergenerator sein, welcher mit dem Verbrennungsmotor permanent, insbesondere durch einen Riementrieb verbunden ist. The object of the invention is also achieved by a drive train for a hybrid electric vehicle with an internal combustion engine with a crankshaft and a first electrical machine which is connected to the internal combustion engine. The crankshaft of the internal combustion engine can be releasably connected to a traction shaft of the vehicle via a first clutch. The traction shaft can in turn be coupled to an output of the vehicle. The first electrical machine can be a starter generator, for example, which is permanently connected to the internal combustion engine, in particular by a belt drive.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Traktionswelle drehfest mit einem Rotor einer zweiten elektrischen Maschine verbunden, wobei die Traktionswelle mittels einer zweiten Kupplung mit einer Abtriebswelle des Fahrzeuges lösbar verbindbar ist. According to a preferred embodiment, the traction shaft is non-rotatably connected to a rotor of a second electrical machine, wherein the traction shaft can be releasably connected to an output shaft of the vehicle by means of a second clutch.
Die erste Kupplung und/oder die zweite Kupplung können vorteilhaft als formschlüssige Kupplung (Klauenkupplung) ausgebildet sein. The first clutch and/or the second clutch can advantageously be designed as a form-fitting clutch (claw clutch).
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird der Verbrennungsmotor gegenüber dem Stand der Technik vergleichsweise langsam hochgedreht. Da die Kurbelwelle über die Traktionswelle an den Abrieb gekoppelt ist, erfolgt die Beschleunigung der Kurbelwelle gekoppelt an die Beschleunigung des Fahrzeuges. Insbesondere kann die Steigerung der Rotationsgeschwindigkeit der Kurbelwelle proportional sein zu der Beschleunigung des Fahrzeuges. Dies gilt insbesondere für den Beginn des Anfahrvorganges, solange die Traktionswelle über eine gleichbleibende Übersetzung an den Abtrieb gekoppelt ist. Dafür sind Verbrennungsmotoren in herkömmlichen Hybridantrieben häufig nicht ausgelegt und es könnte daher zu Schwingungsresonanzen kommen. Vorzugsweise ist der Verbrennungsmotor daher für ein langsames Hochdrehen eingerichtet. Dies kann beispielsweise bedeuten, dass er über ein entsprechendes Massenschwungrad aufweist, welches für ein langsames Hochdrehen ausgelegt ist. With the method according to the invention, the internal combustion engine is revved up comparatively slowly compared to the prior art. Since the crankshaft is coupled to the abrasion via the traction shaft, the acceleration of the crankshaft is coupled to the acceleration of the vehicle. In particular, the increase in the rotational speed of the crankshaft may be proportional to the acceleration of the vehicle. This applies in particular to the beginning of the starting process, as long as the traction shaft is coupled to the output via a constant ratio. Combustion engines in conventional hybrid drives are often not designed for this and vibration resonances could therefore occur. The internal combustion engine is therefore preferably set up for slow revving. This can mean, for example, that it has a corresponding mass flywheel that is designed for slow revving.
Ein weiterer Aspekt der Erfindung betrifft eine Steuervorrichtung für einen Antriebsstrang eines hybridelektrischen Fahrzeuges mit einer Prozessoreinrichtung, welche eingerichtet ist, die Komponenten des Antriebsstranges entsprechend einer Ausführungsvariante des oben beschriebenen erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens durchzuführen. Ein weiterer Aspekt der Erfindung ist ein hybridelektrisches Fahrzeug mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Antriebsstrang und einer entsprechenden erfindungsgemäßen Steuereinrichtung. A further aspect of the invention relates to a control device for a drive train of a hybrid electric vehicle with a processor device which is set up to process the components of the drive train in accordance with an embodiment variant of the method according to the invention described above. A further aspect of the invention is a hybrid electric vehicle with a drive train according to the invention and a corresponding control device according to the invention.
Des Weiteren umfasst die Erfindung ein Computerprogramm(produkt) und ein computerlesbares Medium auf dem das Comupterprogramm gespeichert ist, wobei das Computerprogramm Befehle umfasst, die bei der Ausführung des Programmes durch eine erfindungsgemäße Steuereinrichtung bewirken, dass die Steuervorrichtung das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren in einer Ausführungsvariante ausführt. The invention also includes a computer program (product) and a computer-readable medium on which the computer program is stored, the computer program including instructions that are executed when the program is executed a control device according to the invention cause the control device to carry out the method according to the invention in an embodiment variant.
Alle oben Beschriebenen Merkmale der Erfindung können untereinander kombiniert werden und sowohl in dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren als auch in dem erfindungsgemäßen Antriebsstrang zum Einsatz kommen. All of the features of the invention described above can be combined with one another and used both in the method according to the invention and in the drive train according to the invention.
Im Folgenden soll die Erfindung anhand der in der Zeichnung schematisch und beispielhaft dargestellten Ausführungsform näher erläutert werden. The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the embodiment shown schematically and by way of example in the drawing.
Es zeigt schematisch: It shows schematically:
Figur 1 : Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßenFigure 1: A preferred embodiment of an inventive
Antriebsstrangs zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens. Drive train for performing the method according to the invention.
Figur 1 zeigt einen P0+P2 Antriebsstrang für ein hybridelektrischen Fahrzeug 10 mit einem Verbrennungsmotor 11 und einer Kurbelwelle 12. Der Verbrennungsmotor ist mit einer ersten elektrischen Maschine 13 über einen Riementrieb19 permanent verbunden. Über eine erste Kupplung 15, die als Klauenkupplung ausgeführt ist, ist die Kurbelwelle 12 mit der Traktionswelle 17 lösbar drehfest verbunden. Die Traktionswelle 17 ist ihrerseits drehfest mit einem Rotor 18 einer zweiten elektrischen Maschine 14 verbunden. Über eine zweite Kupplung 16 (C1 ), welche ebenfalls als Klauenkupplung ausgeführt sein kann, ist die Traktionswelle 17 lösbar mit einer Abtriebswelle 30 verbindbar. Die Abtriebswelle ist beispielsweise eine Eingangswelle für ein Getriebe 31 . FIG. 1 shows a P0+P2 drive train for a hybrid electric vehicle 10 with an internal combustion engine 11 and a crankshaft 12. The internal combustion engine is permanently connected to a first electric machine 13 via a belt drive 19. The crankshaft 12 is detachably and non-rotatably connected to the traction shaft 17 via a first clutch 15, which is designed as a claw clutch. The traction shaft 17 is in turn connected in a rotationally fixed manner to a rotor 18 of a second electrical machine 14 . The traction shaft 17 can be detachably connected to an output shaft 30 via a second clutch 16 (C1), which can also be designed as a claw clutch. The output shaft is, for example, an input shaft for a transmission 31 .
Zum Anfahren, d.h. Beschleunigen des Fahrzeuges aus dem Stillstand ist die Kupplung 15 geschlossen. Die beiden elektrischen Maschinen 13 und 14 erzeugen Drehmoment und tragen zur Traktion bei. Dabei wird der unbefeuerte Verbrennungsmotor 11 zunächst mitgeschleppt. Bei Erreichen einer Mindestgeschwindigkeit kann die Verbrennung gestartet werden und der Verbrennungsmotor kann ebenfalls Drehmoment beisteuern. Bezugszeichenliste To start, ie to accelerate the vehicle from standstill, the clutch 15 is closed. The two electrical machines 13 and 14 generate torque and contribute to traction. The unfired internal combustion engine 11 is initially dragged along. When a minimum speed is reached, combustion can be started and the combustion engine can also contribute torque. reference list
10 Fahrzeug 10 vehicle
11 Verbrennungsmotor VM 11 internal combustion engine VM
12 Kurbelwelle (Ausgangswelle des Verbrennungsmotors)12 crankshaft (internal combustion engine output shaft)
13 Erste Elektrische Maschine (Startergenerator) SG13 First electrical machine (starter generator) SG
14 Zweite Elektrische Maschine (Traktionsmaschine) TM14 Second Electrical Machine (Traction Machine) TM
15 Kupplung CO 15 clutch CO
16 Kupplung C1 16 clutch C1
17 Traktionswelle 17 traction shaft
18 Rotor der TM 18 rotor of the TM
19 Riementrieb 19 belt drive
30 Abtriebswelle/Getriebeeingangswelle 30 output shaft/transmission input shaft
31 Getriebe 31 gears
32 Abtrieb 32 downforce
33 Massenschwungrad 33 mass flywheel
34 Steuereinrichtung 34 controller

Claims

Patentansprüche patent claims
1 . Verfahren zum Anfahren eines hybridelektrischen Fahrzeuges (10) mit einem Verbrennungsmotor (11 ) mit einer Kurbelwelle (12) und einer ersten elektrischen Maschine (13), die mit dem Verbrennungsmotor (11 ) verbunden ist, wobei die Kurbelwelle (12) des Verbrennungsmotors (11 ) über eine erste Kupplung (15) lösbar mit einer Traktionswelle (17) des Fahrzeuges (10) verbindbar ist, wobei zum Anfahren des Fahrzeuges (10) 1 . Method for starting a hybrid electric vehicle (10) with an internal combustion engine (11) with a crankshaft (12) and a first electrical machine (13) which is connected to the internal combustion engine (11), the crankshaft (12) of the internal combustion engine (11 ) via a first clutch (15) can be releasably connected to a traction shaft (17) of the vehicle (10), wherein to start the vehicle (10)
- der Verbrennungsmotor (11 ) aus ist, - the combustion engine (11) is off,
- die erste lösbare Kupplung (15) geschlossen ist, und die erste elektrische Maschine (13) ein erstes Drehmoment (TQ_SG) bereitstellt, welches einerseits die Kurbelwelle (12) des Verbrennungsmotors (11 ) in Rotation versetzt und andererseits über die geschlossene Kupplung (15) auf die Traktionswelle (17) des Fahrzeuges übertragen wird. - the first releasable clutch (15) is closed, and the first electric machine (13) provides a first torque (TQ_SG), which on the one hand sets the crankshaft (12) of the internal combustion engine (11) in rotation and on the other hand via the closed clutch (15 ) is transmitted to the traction shaft (17) of the vehicle.
2. Verfahren zum Anfahren eines hybridelektrischen Fahrzeuges (10) gemäß Anspruch 1 , wobei das von der ersten elektrischen Maschine (13) erzeugte Drehmoment (TQ_SG) größer ist als ein Verlustdrehmoment (TQ_ICE_LOSS), welches erforderlich ist, um die Kurbelwelle (12) des Verbrennungsmotors (11 ) in Rotation zu versetzen, und wobei ein resultierendes Drehmoment (TQ_SG_RES), welches die Differenz zwischen dem von der ersten elektrischen Maschine (13) erzeugten Drehmoment (TQ_SG) und dem Verlustdrehmoment (TQ_ICE_LOSS) ist, zur Traktion des Fahrzeuges (10) beiträgt. 2. Method for starting a hybrid electric vehicle (10) according to claim 1, wherein the torque (TQ_SG) generated by the first electric machine (13) is greater than a loss torque (TQ_ICE_LOSS) which is required to rotate the crankshaft (12) of the To set the internal combustion engine (11) in rotation, and wherein a resulting torque (TQ_SG_RES), which is the difference between the torque generated by the first electric machine (13) (TQ_SG) and the torque loss (TQ_ICE_LOSS), for the traction of the vehicle (10 ) contributes.
3. Verfahren zum Anfahren eines hybridelektrischen Fahrzeuges (10) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei zum Anfahren des Fahrzeuges (10) gleichzeitig zum Drehmoment von der ersten elektrischen Maschine (13) ein zusätzliches Drehmoment durch eine zweite elektrische Maschine (14) bereitgestellt wird, welches gemeinsam mit dem Drehmoment der ersten elektrischen Maschine (13) zur Traktion des Fahrzeuges (10) beiträgt. 3. Method for starting a hybrid electric vehicle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein for starting the vehicle (10) an additional torque is provided by a second electric machine (14) at the same time as the torque from the first electric machine (13), which, together with the torque of the first electrical machine (13), contributes to the traction of the vehicle (10).
4. Verfahren zum Anfahren eines hybridelektrischen Fahrzeuges (10) gemäß Anspruch 2, wobei die Traktionswelle (17) drehtest mit einem Rotor der zweiten elektrischen Maschine (14) verbunden ist und mittels einer zweiten Kupplung (16) mit einer Abtriebswelle (30) des Fahrzeuges lösbar verbunden ist. 4. Method for starting a hybrid electric vehicle (10) according to claim 2, wherein the traction shaft (17) is rotatably connected to a rotor of the second electrical machine (14) and is detachably connected to an output shaft (30) of the vehicle by means of a second clutch (16).
5. Verfahren zum Anfahren eines Hybridelektrischen Fahrzeuges (10) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei bei Überschreiten einer Geschwindigkeitsschwelle (v_VM_min) des Fahrzeugs der Verbrennungsmotor (11 ) gestartet wird. 5. Method for starting a hybrid electric vehicle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein when a speed threshold (v_VM_min) of the vehicle is exceeded, the internal combustion engine (11) is started.
6. Antriebsstrang für ein hybridelektrischen Fahrzeuges (10) mit einem Verbrennungsmotor (11 ) mit einer Kurbelwelle (12) und einer ersten elektrischen Maschine (13), die mit dem Verbrennungsmotor (11 ) verbunden ist, wobei die Kurbelwelle (12) des Verbrennungsmotors (11 ) über eine erste Kupplung (15) lösbar mit einer Traktionswelle (17) des Fahrzeuges (10) verbindbar ist, und wobei die Traktionswelle (17) mit einem Abtrieb (32) des Fahrzeuges (10) koppelbar ist. 6. Drive train for a hybrid electric vehicle (10) with an internal combustion engine (11) with a crankshaft (12) and a first electric machine (13) which is connected to the internal combustion engine (11), the crankshaft (12) of the internal combustion engine ( 11) can be releasably connected to a traction shaft (17) of the vehicle (10) via a first clutch (15), and wherein the traction shaft (17) can be coupled to an output (32) of the vehicle (10).
7. Antriebsstrang für ein hybridelektrischen Fahrzeuges (10) gemäß Anspruch 6, wobei die Traktionswelle (17) drehfest mit einem Rotor einer zweiten elektrischen Maschine (14) verbunden ist, wobei die Traktionswelle (17) mittels einer zweiten Kupplung (16) mit einer Abtriebswelle (30) des Fahrzeuges (10) lösbar verbindbar ist. 7. Drive train for a hybrid electric vehicle (10) according to claim 6, wherein the traction shaft (17) is non-rotatably connected to a rotor of a second electric machine (14), the traction shaft (17) being connected to an output shaft by means of a second clutch (16). (30) of the vehicle (10) can be releasably connected.
8. Antriebsstrang für ein hybridelektrisches Fahrzeug (10) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 6 und 7, wobei die erste elektrische Maschine (13) ein Startergenerator ist, welcher mit dem Verbrennungsmotor (11 ) permanent, insbesondere durch einen Riementrieb (19) verbunden ist. 8. Drive train for a hybrid electric vehicle (10) according to one of claims 6 and 7, wherein the first electric machine (13) is a starter generator which is permanently connected to the internal combustion engine (11), in particular by a belt drive (19).
9. Antriebsstrang für ein hybridelektrisches Fahrzeug (10) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, wobei die erste Kupplung (15) und/oder die zweite Kupplung (16) eine formschlüssige Kupplung ist. 9. Drive train for a hybrid electric vehicle (10) according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the first clutch (15) and / or the second clutch (16) is a positive clutch.
10. Antriebsstrang für ein hybridelektrisches Fahrzeug (10) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 9, wobei der Verbrennungsmotor (11 ) ferner über ein Massenschwungrad (33)verfügt, welches für eine Beschleunigung der Kurbelwelle (12) des Verbrennungsmotors (11 ) mit einer zur Beschleunigung des Fahrzeuges (10) proportionalen Rotationsgeschwindigkeit eingerichtet ist. 10. Drive train for a hybrid electric vehicle (10) according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the internal combustion engine (11) further via a mass flywheel (33), which is set up for accelerating the crankshaft (12) of the internal combustion engine (11) at a rotational speed proportional to the acceleration of the vehicle (10).
11 . Steuervorrichtung (34) für einen Antriebsstrang eines hybridelektrischen Fahrzeuges mit einer Prozessoreinrichtung, welche eingerichtet ist, die Komponenten des Antriebsstranges entsprechend einem Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5 anzusteuern. 11 . Control device (34) for a drive train of a hybrid electric vehicle with a processor device which is set up to control the components of the drive train in accordance with a method according to one of Claims 1 to 5.
12. Hybridelektrisches Fahrzeug mit einem Antriebsstrang gemäß einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 10 und einer Steuereinrichtung (34) gemäß Anspruch 11. 12. Hybrid electric vehicle with a drive train according to one of claims 6 to 10 and a control device (34) according to claim 11.
13. Computerprogramm, umfassend Befehle, die bei der Ausführung des Programmes durch eine Steuereinrichtung gemäß Anspruch 11 bewirken, dass die Steuervorrichtung ein Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5 ausführt. 13. A computer program comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a control device according to claim 11, cause the control device to carry out a method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
14. Computerlesbares Medium, auf dem das Computerprogramm nach Anspruch 13 gespeichert ist. 14. Computer-readable medium on which the computer program according to claim 13 is stored.
PCT/EP2022/086710 2021-12-20 2022-12-19 Method for starting up a hybrid electric vehicle and drive train for a hybrid electric vehicle WO2023117944A1 (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016202828A1 (en) * 2016-02-24 2017-08-24 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Drive system for a hybrid vehicle and method for operating such a drive system
EP3546263A1 (en) * 2018-03-29 2019-10-02 Volvo Car Corporation Method and system for starting an internal combustion engine of a hybrid vehicle, and a hybrid vehicle comprising a system for starting an internal combustion engine
US20210171016A1 (en) * 2019-12-09 2021-06-10 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Control apparatus for vehicle
EP3838642A1 (en) * 2019-12-18 2021-06-23 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Hybrid vehicle controller

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016202828A1 (en) * 2016-02-24 2017-08-24 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Drive system for a hybrid vehicle and method for operating such a drive system
EP3546263A1 (en) * 2018-03-29 2019-10-02 Volvo Car Corporation Method and system for starting an internal combustion engine of a hybrid vehicle, and a hybrid vehicle comprising a system for starting an internal combustion engine
US20210171016A1 (en) * 2019-12-09 2021-06-10 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Control apparatus for vehicle
EP3838642A1 (en) * 2019-12-18 2021-06-23 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Hybrid vehicle controller

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