WO2023111376A1 - Procedimiento de valorización de material de rechazo - Google Patents
Procedimiento de valorización de material de rechazo Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023111376A1 WO2023111376A1 PCT/ES2022/070797 ES2022070797W WO2023111376A1 WO 2023111376 A1 WO2023111376 A1 WO 2023111376A1 ES 2022070797 W ES2022070797 W ES 2022070797W WO 2023111376 A1 WO2023111376 A1 WO 2023111376A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- stage
- fraction
- pyrolysis
- gas
- synthetic
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000000035 biogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 101
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical class C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002240 furans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 11
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012223 aqueous fraction Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002101 lytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
- C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/02—Multi-step carbonising or coking processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/14—Features of low-temperature carbonising processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/721—Multistage gasification, e.g. plural parallel or serial gasification stages
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/04—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
- C10K1/16—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with non-aqueous liquids
- C10K1/18—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with non-aqueous liquids hydrocarbon oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/48—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on industrial residues and waste materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
- C10L9/08—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/20—Reductants
- B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
- B01D2251/2067—Urea
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/30—Alkali metal compounds
- B01D2251/304—Alkali metal compounds of sodium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/40—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds
- B01D2251/404—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds of calcium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/60—Inorganic bases or salts
- B01D2251/604—Hydroxides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/60—Inorganic bases or salts
- B01D2251/606—Carbonates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/102—Carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D2257/404—Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/56—Nitrogen oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/64—Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/68—Halogens or halogen compounds
- B01D53/70—Organic halogen compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/72—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D53/48 - B01D53/70, e.g. hydrocarbons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/81—Solid phase processes
- B01D53/83—Solid phase processes with moving reactants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/25—Non-industrial waste, e.g. household waste
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/75—Plastic waste
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/80—Rubber waste, e.g. scrap tyres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/85—Paper; Wood; Fabrics, e.g. cloths
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
- C10B47/28—Other processes
- C10B47/30—Other processes in rotary ovens or retorts
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation
Definitions
- the present invention falls within the field of recovery procedures for carbonaceous reject material, that is, with a composition rich in carbon. More specifically, the procedures for the recovery of carbonaceous rejection material through pyrolysis processes, with the aim of obtaining plrolytic crude, which can be used for new use within the production line to obtain hydrocarbons, as well as the extraction of other hydrocarbons. reusable items; permanent gas, equivalent to city gas, useful as an energy source; and a char with potential agricultural and industrial use.
- the pyrolysis technique is widely known and used, understood as a thermal decomposition in the absence of oxygen, of matter with a carbonaceous base, such as plastics, wood, paper, organic remains or polymers, which are present in different proportions in the solid waste of rejection.
- part of the residue is allowed to become hydrocarbons, more or less oxygenated, solid, liquid and gaseous, which can be subjected to optimal chemical recovery.
- a fraction of pyrolytic crude of great interest is obtained, which can be reintroduced into the production chain to obtain liquid hydrocarbons that can be used as secondary raw materials and/or as fuel.
- the invention proposes subjecting the waste to pyrolysis at low temperature with the absence of air, with the aim of extracting a part of the solid residue, left over from the pyrolysis process, and a mixture of steam and gas, from which the humidity through a separation by staggered condensation, obtaining a highly calorific gas, which will be redirected for the generation of electrical energy.
- the installation to carry out the above process will comprise a pyrolysis reactor, a supply hopper and a unit for removing the solid residue obtained from the pyrolysis process.
- Document RU2232347 also belongs to the state of the art, in which a processing of waste materials is described, such as poor-quality coal, wood remains or domestic garbage, through a pyrolysis process with production of fuel gas that can be used to heat steam or hot water boilers, as well as gas turbines for power generation.
- waste materials such as poor-quality coal, wood remains or domestic garbage
- the output products of the pyrolysis stages also comprise a solid fraction, of biological and synthetic origin, and another fuel gas fraction, which can be biogenic gas, obtained at temperatures close to 350°C, and synthetic gas, which is obtained at temperatures between 500°C and 550°C.
- the present invention describes a procedure for the recovery of reject material that allows the extraction of biofuel gases, and synthetic fuel gases, from which hydrocarbons are extracted, at least partially oxygenated, in the form of pyrolytic crude, which can be be reintroduced to the production chain as a secondary raw material to obtain hydrocarbons for transportation.
- the procedure object of the present invention presents a system for reusing all the by-products generated in the different procedures, so that the self-supply of the production line is achieved.
- the present invention proposes the use of two pyrolyzation processes in series, one carried out at a lower temperature, and another carried out at a higher temperature, so as to achieve the separate extraction of biogenic fuel gas and synthetic fuel gas, respectively. .
- pyrolysis is understood as the thermal process at medium and high temperatures in the absence of oxygen, through thermal degradation in which a combustible gas is obtained, and a solid fraction that is also volatilizable, commonly known as char.
- the procedure object of the present invention proposes the realization of two pyrolyzation processes in series, with a subsequent condensation process at different temperatures, from which the combustible gas and the liquid-solid fraction will be obtained, with the Subsequent staggered condensation stage applied to each of the gases obtained, to separate the fuel gas into permanent gas and pyrolytic crude.
- the procedure includes a first line for the extraction of blogénlco fuel gas that includes a feeding hopper, and preheating to achieve the evaporation of water from the raw material, at temperatures close to 105 ° C.
- the water vapor can be extracted or also continue towards the pyrolysis stage.
- the dehumidified raw material is subsequently pyrolyzed at medium temperature, close to 350°C, obtaining a fraction of biogenic combustible gas, and a solid fraction, which contains charcoal, inert matter and synthetic materials.
- the solid fraction will continue to the second synthetic fuel gas extraction line, through a pyrolyzation procedure at a higher temperature, close to 520°C, obtaining a synthetic fuel gas, and a solid fraction that only includes charcoal and inert matter.
- the solid fraction will be mixed with the soot output from the gas filters, considered a lighter type of particulate, also with a carbonaceous base, and will be stored for sale. So no waste solid is generated in the process.
- the other part of the permanent gas that comes from the synthetic fraction, and that has a high calorific value will be taken to a cogeneration system with an alternative engine, producing electrical and/or thermal energy, which may, for example, , used to put into operation the different systems that comprise the procedure, or used for self-consumption, so that the plant is thermally and electrically self-sufficient.
- the aqueous fraction obtained from the condensation processes will go through a filtering stage, obtaining the pyrolytic crude, which can be used in subsequent procedures to convert it into hydrocarbons that can be used as fuel.
- the present invention proposes a waste recovery procedure, with two pyrolysis processes in series, so that optimization is achieved, increasing the material and energy yield, of the extraction of waste. combustible gases, from a single initial feed, which does not require the separation of the different types of waste, since each one will be selectively degraded in the respective pyrorolling processes.
- the reuse of all by-products obtained in the stages of the procedure is also proposed, in order to achieve self-supply of heat and electrical energy, if it is considered economically convenient.
- Figure 1 Shows a scheme of the procedure object of the present invention
- the present invention proposes a procedure for the recovery of rejected material, such as rejected carbonaceous residues, which are not considered dangerous, but can be gasified, where the procedure comprises at least two stages configured in series, with a first stage of pyrolysis of the biogenic fraction 12 of the rejected material, and a second stage of pyrolysis of the synthetic fraction 13 of said rejected material.
- first stage of pyrolysis of the biogenic fraction 12 will be carried out at a lower temperature than the temperature of the second stage of pyrolysis, and from which at least a fraction of biogenic fuel gas will be extracted, which will continue until a subsequent stage of condensation ; and a fraction of solid material.
- a procedure is proposed that includes at least two production lines in serle, so that a separation by morphology and/or quality of the raw material is not necessary, since it uses a single feeding stage, at through an initial feed hopper, with the solid residues first going through the pyrolysis stage of the biogenic fraction 12, at a lower temperature, and, subsequently, the pyrolysis stage of the synthetic fraction 13, which is carried out at a upper temperature.
- the operating temperature of the first pyrolysis stage will be between 280°C and 350°C; while the operating temperature of the second stage of pyrolysis will be between 500°C and 520°C.
- the first stage of pyrolysis of the biogenic fraction 12 comprises at least:
- a stage of indirect preheating and/or vaporization of the water of the raw material introduced a pyrolyzation stage itself, with regular and progressive heating until reaching 350°C, obtaining a gaseous fraction in the form of blogenlc combustible gas, and a solid fraction comprising a part of charcoal, a part of Inerts and a part of synthetic materials;
- the second stage of pyrolysis of the synthetic fraction 13, into which the solid fraction of the previous pyrolysis will enter comprises at least: a hot feeding stage, which will be carried out at a temperature preferably between 350°C and 370°C,
- the raw material will enter through a feed hopper up to a preheating stage, at a temperature higher than 100°C to evaporate the water present in the aforementioned raw material, and to subsequently pass to blogénlca plrollzaclón 12, of which is obtained a combustible gas fraction, and a solid fraction. Both stages can be merged into single team.
- the pyrolysers will be sealed rotary reactors, with a fixed jacket lined with refractory material, and which will be configured to have a rotation movement, which ensures the correct homogenization of the solid residue that passes through them, maximizing the continuous extraction of the gases obtained from pyrolysis, and optimizing the pyrolysis process of the solid matter introduced.
- a procedure is achieved in which, by means of two consecutive stages, the obtaining of biogenic fuel gas and synthetic fuel gas is achieved, from the same feed of reject material.
- biogemco fuel gas goes through a cleaning stage 14 at temperatures above 350°C, and a condensation stage 15 in a first condensation unit, which separates at least a liquid fraction and a permanent biogenic gas fraction.
- the cleaning of the combustible gases will be carried out by means of a treatment with Ca(OH)2 and/or ceramic filters and/or cyclones, so that the elimination of the gases is achieved.
- the synthetic fuel gas may go through a maturation stage in a maturation reactor, at temperatures above 520°C, before it enters the cleaning stage thereof, which adjusts the degree of aromatic condensation.
- the condensing units 15 will have the characteristics of the condensation towers protected in another invention by the same applicant, such that they are modular plate towers, with tube-shell type heat exchangers, in which, due to A refrigerant gas circulates through the tubes, such as air, and the fuel gas circulates through the casing, configuring homogeneous cooling and progressive condensation.
- they can be condensation towers with at least 8 condensation trays, which will have a thermal gradient between 350°C and 30°C in the case of biogenic fuel gas, and a thermal gradient between 500°C and 30°C. in the case of synthetic fuel gas, it may have different outlet flows depending on the boiling temperature of the different fluids present in said gases.
- the gas that acts as a refrigerant will increase its temperature and this thermal use can be used at a later stage, to improve the efficiency of the plant.
- this hot air will be used as an air inlet into the combustion chamber.
- an absolute separation of the permanent gases is achieved with respect to the liquid residues that may remain in the gases themselves, and that can be used later as fuel.
- the procedure object of the present invention describes two parallel processes followed by both the permanent gases obtained and the liquid fractions.
- the liquid fractions obtained in the condensation stages 15 will be conducted to a filtration stage 16 with at least one particulate filter.
- the condensation of the biogenic fuel gas will generate at least a fraction concentrated in HCOs, or oxygenated polar pyrolytic crude, and another fraction of water with light polar hydrocarbons.
- Pyrolytic crude can be used in the Industry.
- the most aqueous fraction may be used in the different stages of the procedure that use this element, such as spraying for permanent gas cleaning; being its final destination for agricultural, phytosanitary, water for composting or industrial cleaning use.
- Other catalytic post-treatments of the condensates-blo with the intention of improving the product are not exclusive.
- the gas fractions obtained in the condensation stages 15 will be used in at least one combustion stage 18, in a gas combustion chamber comprising a propane gas burner and an inlet. of air that allows combustion to take place.
- the gas combustion chamber in a first operating condition, at the start of the procedure that is the object of this invention, will have the propane gas burner in operation, until the temperatures desired by design of the procedure itself are reached.
- the combustion chamber will have a propane gas burner for the starts of the procedure object of the present invention, which will remain lit until the process reaches the design temperatures. From this moment on, the oxidation of the permanent gas will be the one that will maintain the temperatures of the process.
- the method comprises a storage stage 17 of the fuel gas in a storage tank, prior to the combustion chamber, so that the gas that is not being used can be stored instantly, for subsequent use. .
- part of the permanent synthetic gas which comes from the second stage of condensation of the synthetic fuel gas, will be recycled to a cogeneration system 20, with the capacity to generate electricity that supplies, for example, the different elements of the system itself. procedure.
- the excess thermal energy of the cogeneration system may be redirected to raise and/or maintain the temperature of the pyrolysis stages 12, 13, so as to achieve full use, both thermal and electrical, of the permanent rich gases obtained. of the synthetic fraction.
- the procedure includes a washing stage 19 of the permanent gases, which will be prior to the storage stage 17, the combustion stage 18, or the entrance to the cogeneration system 20. .
- the washing stage 19 of the permanent gases will be carried out by spraying with the lighter condensate resulting from the pyrolysis gases.
- the pyrolyzation stages 12, 13 will include emergency combustible gas outlets, through the use of normally open safety solenoid valves, connected to a collector tube with a high-temperature suction fan at its end, which will evacuate the combustible gases to a pilot burner at its end.
- the combustible gas is transported in an emergency to a torch in which the aforementioned gases will be burned, avoiding their direct emission into the atmosphere. Being normally turned off, and entering into operation in the event of an emergency that may occur during the achievement of the procedure that is the object of the present invention.
- the oxidized gases that come from any of the stages described in the invention will go through a cleaning stage, which will preferably comprise at least three different stages: a stage for removing acid gases and/or metals, by adding CA(OH)2 and/or NaHCOs; and of dloxins and/or furans, through the addition of activated carbon; a filter stage, by means of a bag and/or particle filter;
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
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EP22847264.3A EP4450178A1 (en) | 2021-12-13 | 2022-12-13 | Method for valorization of waste material |
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ES202131151A ES2943504A1 (es) | 2021-12-13 | 2021-12-13 | Procedimiento de valorizacion de material de rechazo |
ESP202131151 | 2021-12-13 |
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WO2023111376A1 true WO2023111376A1 (es) | 2023-06-22 |
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PCT/ES2022/070797 WO2023111376A1 (es) | 2021-12-13 | 2022-12-13 | Procedimiento de valorización de material de rechazo |
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ES (1) | ES2943504A1 (es) |
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Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1983000046A1 (en) | 1981-06-25 | 1983-01-06 | Hillekamp, Klaus | Device for manufacturing a storable, odourless solid fuel from waste material |
RU2232347C2 (ru) | 2002-02-27 | 2004-07-10 | Мещанкин Андрей Иванович | Газификатор твердого топлива |
US20100223839A1 (en) * | 2009-03-04 | 2010-09-09 | Washington State University | Systems and processes for producing bio-fuels from lignocellulosic materials |
EP2428546A1 (en) * | 2009-04-30 | 2012-03-14 | Universidad De Concepcion | Equipment and a method for generating biofuel based on rapid pyrolysis of biomass |
US20190002323A1 (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2019-01-03 | Anaergia Inc. | Two stage pyrolysis of organic waste |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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ES2193790B1 (es) * | 1999-05-25 | 2005-02-16 | Environmental International Engineering, S.L. | Planta de valorizacion de residuos por gasificacion. |
US7611576B2 (en) * | 2006-03-30 | 2009-11-03 | Yuriy Rabiner | Method and plant for processing waste |
GB0908082D0 (en) * | 2009-05-11 | 2009-06-24 | Univ Aston | Biomass pyrolysis |
US10174258B2 (en) * | 2016-02-23 | 2019-01-08 | Phillips 66 Company | Two-stage biomass pyrolysis |
CN112845501B (zh) * | 2020-12-23 | 2022-04-29 | 北京鑫源寰宇环保科技有限公司 | 一种含金属污染物无害化处置资源化利用方法 |
-
2021
- 2021-12-13 ES ES202131151A patent/ES2943504A1/es not_active Withdrawn
-
2022
- 2022-12-13 EP EP22847264.3A patent/EP4450178A1/en active Pending
- 2022-12-13 WO PCT/ES2022/070797 patent/WO2023111376A1/es active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1983000046A1 (en) | 1981-06-25 | 1983-01-06 | Hillekamp, Klaus | Device for manufacturing a storable, odourless solid fuel from waste material |
RU2232347C2 (ru) | 2002-02-27 | 2004-07-10 | Мещанкин Андрей Иванович | Газификатор твердого топлива |
US20100223839A1 (en) * | 2009-03-04 | 2010-09-09 | Washington State University | Systems and processes for producing bio-fuels from lignocellulosic materials |
EP2428546A1 (en) * | 2009-04-30 | 2012-03-14 | Universidad De Concepcion | Equipment and a method for generating biofuel based on rapid pyrolysis of biomass |
US20190002323A1 (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2019-01-03 | Anaergia Inc. | Two stage pyrolysis of organic waste |
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EP4450178A1 (en) | 2024-10-23 |
ES2943504A1 (es) | 2023-06-13 |
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