WO2023110740A1 - Künstliches kniegelenk und verfahren zu dessen steuerung - Google Patents
Künstliches kniegelenk und verfahren zu dessen steuerung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023110740A1 WO2023110740A1 PCT/EP2022/085367 EP2022085367W WO2023110740A1 WO 2023110740 A1 WO2023110740 A1 WO 2023110740A1 EP 2022085367 W EP2022085367 W EP 2022085367W WO 2023110740 A1 WO2023110740 A1 WO 2023110740A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- knee joint
- artificial knee
- valve
- actuator
- hydraulic
- Prior art date
Links
- 210000000629 knee joint Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 210000003127 knee Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003414 extremity Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000005021 gait Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002414 leg Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000399 orthopedic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000689 upper leg Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
- A61F2/60—Artificial legs or feet or parts thereof
- A61F2/64—Knee joints
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
- A61F2/68—Operating or control means
- A61F2/74—Operating or control means fluid, i.e. hydraulic or pneumatic
- A61F2/748—Valve systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
- A61F2002/5003—Prostheses not implantable in the body having damping means, e.g. shock absorbers
- A61F2002/5006—Dampers, e.g. hydraulic damper
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
- A61F2/68—Operating or control means
- A61F2002/6854—Operating or control means for locking or unlocking a joint
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
- A61F2/68—Operating or control means
- A61F2002/6863—Operating or control means magnetic
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
- A61F2/76—Means for assembling, fitting or testing prostheses, e.g. for measuring or balancing, e.g. alignment means
- A61F2002/7615—Measuring means
- A61F2002/7625—Measuring means for measuring angular position
Definitions
- the invention relates to an artificial knee joint with an upper part and a lower part, which are mounted on one another so as to be pivotable about a pivot axis, with a hydraulic resistance device between the upper part and the lower part, via which resistance to a pivoting movement is provided, the resistance device has a switching valve in a hydraulic line, the switching valve has a valve body that can be displaced in a displacement direction, which in a first position blocks or partially closes the hydraulic line, in particular in order to largely or completely close the hydraulic line in order to achieve a throttling effect or blockage, and in a second position the Releases the hydraulic line and is designed or arranged in such a way that a pressure force component acting perpendicularly to the direction of displacement through the hydraulic fluid on the valve body generates a holding force counteracting a displacement of the valve body.
- the invention also relates to a method for controlling such an artificial knee joint.
- Artificial knee joints are used in orthoses or prostheses.
- the hydraulic resistance device can be designed both as linear hydraulics and as rotary hydraulics.
- the linear hydraulics or rotary hydraulics can also use a magnetorheological fluid as the hydraulic fluid in order to create an additional possibility for modulating the properties of the resistance device.
- the artificial knee joint Resistance devices or assigned at least one resistance device.
- This resistance device can change the respective resistance.
- different resistance devices are used; in addition to purely mechanical braking devices or locking mechanisms, magnetorheological resistance devices, electric motors in generator mode, pneumatic dampers or hydraulic resistance devices can be used.
- the change in resistance can take place on the basis of sensor data that is recorded by sensors and evaluated in a control device. The resistance is then increased or decreased based on the sensor data. This can lead to a pivoting movement being slowed down, blocked or the resistance being changed.
- Sensor data are in particular the spatial orientation of components, effective forces, moments, temperatures, speeds and/or accelerations.
- a further possibility for changing the resistance is via mechanical devices which increase or decrease the respective resistance as a function of forces, moments or positions, in particular angular positions.
- throttles are adjusted in hydraulic devices and/or flow channels are enabled or closed.
- a purely electromechanical control is comparatively complex and requires sensor values that are as clear as possible in order to determine the respective state of the prosthesis or orthosis as well as the current gait behavior and the gait situation. Especially in the case of knee joints, it is necessary to prevent an incorrect reduction in flexion resistance in order to prevent the joint from bending and collapsing unintentionally.
- the artificial knee joint with an upper part and a lower part, which are mounted on one another pivotably about a pivot axis, with a hydraulic resistance device between the upper part and the lower part, via which a resistance to a pivoting movement is provided,
- the resistance device has a switching valve in one of the hydraulic lines ,
- the switching valve has a valve body that can be displaced in a displacement direction, which blocks the hydraulic line in a first position and releases the hydraulic line in a second position and is designed or arranged in such a way that a pressure force component acting perpendicularly to the displacement direction through the hydraulic fluid on the valve body generating a holding force counteracting a displacement of the valve body, wherein the valve body is assigned an actuator for exerting a release force, which moves the valve body from the first position into the second position.
- the actuator is coupled to a control device which is connected to a sensor for detecting status data and activates the actuator on the basis of the status data, with the release force being set less than the holding force at a predetermined compressive force.
- the valve body arranged within the hydraulic line can at least partially block, in particular completely block, the hydraulic line within the hydraulic system of the hydraulic resistance device, so that the hydraulic fluid does not flow in the hydraulic line or can only flow along with a high level of resistance.
- the hydraulic line is in particular a connecting line between two hydraulic chambers which are separated from one another by a piston in a hydraulic damper.
- the valve body is mounted within the switching valve, the mounting and/or the valve body being designed in such a way that a pressure force component acting perpendicularly to the direction of displacement is generated when the pressure prevails in the hydraulic line.
- This compressive force component presses the valve body into its valve seat, particularly in the closed position.
- the design of the valve body can also be such that the hydraulic fluid exerts a force component directed into the first position or closed position, for example through an obliquely oriented inflow surface of the valve body.
- the holding force is applied, for example, by a displacement carried out transversely to the direction of displacement and pressing against the valve seat.
- valve body is assigned an actuator which exerts a release force on the valve body and moves it from the first position into the second position.
- This actuator is coupled to a control device, which activates the actuator on the basis of sensor data, for example with regard to spatial orientation, acceleration, angular velocities or the forces, in particular of the lower part or the upper part or orthotic or prosthetic components arranged thereon, in order to switch the switching valve to move with the valve body from the first position to the second position.
- the release force is set lower than the holding force for a given compressive force. If the pressure level within the hydraulic line exceeds a certain limit value, the actuator is no longer able to move the switching valve from the blocking position to the release position. This prevents the switching valve from being released unintentionally from a defined load on the knee joint, for example when bending, in the locked state due to faulty or inaccurate sensor values, thereby enabling the knee joint to pivot.
- the valve can be designed in such a way that after it has been switched from the first to the second position, the valve remains in the second position as long as the flow rate in the valve does not drop below a defined value. If the flow stops or changes direction, the valve automatically returns to the first position and closes the channel.
- This can be accomplished, for example, with a valve construction in which an inflow surface of the valve body is aligned in such a way that a force component is generated which acts in the direction of the second position in the direction of displacement.
- the inflow surface can, for example, be inclined or the inflow can be guided in a corresponding direction or at a corresponding angle to the valve body in order to maintain an open or released position.
- trip protection can also be implemented by taking into account the knee angle measured by appropriate sensors and/or the knee angle speed.
- the valve is kept open by the control unit until the sensors mentioned above detect a reversal of movement or an abort of the swing phase.
- the actuator is designed in particular as a motor or as an electromagnet, which is activated by the control device on the basis of a corresponding control signal.
- the electric motor can be coupled to the valve body via a gear, in particular an adjustable gear, a lever mechanism or a link combination.
- the adjustable electromagnet or the solenoid can also act directly on the valve body or on the valve body via a power transmission element, a lever mechanism or a link mechanism.
- Linear or rotary actuation can be provided for both the valve construction and the actuator system.
- a linear movement can be converted into a rotary movement and vice versa by means of appropriate lever mechanisms.
- the valve body is assigned a spring element that counteracts the release force or a counteracting energy store.
- a magnet counteracting the release force or a correspondingly activated magnet can be assigned to the valve body in order to set a force threshold from which the actuator moves the valve body into the Release position can move. This is advantageous when the compressive force applied by the hydraulic fluid is not sufficient to generate a sufficient holding force or a desired holding force.
- the release force that can be applied by the actuator can be adjusted, for example by correspondingly activating a coil, by adjusting a gear, the drive power of a motor, the pretensioning of a spring element or the like.
- the hydraulic resistance device with a hydraulic chamber with a piston arranged therein, which divides the hydraulic chamber into an extension chamber or a flexion chamber, which are fluidically connected to one another via the hydraulic line, provides that at least one of the two hydraulic chambers is assigned a check valve in a throttle valve connected in parallel is.
- the check valve can always allow movement in one direction, in particular in the extension movement, while the opposite direction of movement of the artificial knee joint is blocked when the throttle valve is also closed.
- the switching valve can be connected in parallel to the throttle valve and optionally to the check valve, so that in a direction of movement in which the check valve is effective, hydraulic fluid flows through the throttle valve, optionally in connection with the switching valve, and an effective adjustment and increase in the desired resistances can be generated by the throttle valve.
- each hydraulic chamber is assigned a non-return valve, with the two non-return valves being arranged oriented in opposite directions to one another and each being connected in parallel with the throttle valve in order to form a bypass in one direction.
- a development provides that at least one sensor is provided for detecting the direction of flow and/or for detecting the pressure of the hydraulic fluid. By detecting the direction of flow, it can be ensured that a swing phase is only initiated by reducing the flexion resistance if the knee joint is loaded in the direction of extension or only slightly in the direction of flexion.
- the detection of the flow direction is crucial, in order to be able to switch correctly when the valve body is loaded. If an extension is detected by a corresponding direction of flow within the hydraulic line or at a valve, the switching valve, which can be designed as a solenoid valve, for example, is switched depending on the direction of flow.
- tripping protection can be implemented by keeping the solenoid valve open as soon as it has been activated as long as the direction of flow corresponds to bending of the knee. As soon as the flow changes direction, the solenoid valve is closed again.
- the direction of flow can also be detected via status sensors on the check valves.
- a throttle valve can be connected upstream or downstream of the switching valve in terms of flow, the throttle valve or valves being adjustable.
- the setting can be based on sensor values.
- At least one throttle valve is assigned a second check valve which is connected in parallel to the first check valve, is connected upstream or downstream of the throttle valve in the direction of flow and is aligned in the opposite direction to the first check valve, with a status sensor being assigned to the check valve.
- the status sensor detects whether the respective check valve is open or closed, which means that the direction of flow within the hydraulic line can be reliably detected.
- the flow direction can also be detected by a flow direction or flow speed sensor provided specifically for this purpose.
- At least one overload valve can be arranged in the piston within the hydraulic chamber, which is or are arranged in a respective connecting channel that connects the extension chamber to the flexion chamber. This prevents mechanical overloading of the hydraulic resistance device. Since an overload of the hydraulics in the flexion direction is primarily expected, an overload valve should be used to prevent overpressure in the Flexion chamber are provided. In one embodiment, it is provided that two overload valves acting in opposite directions are each arranged in a connecting channel within the piston in the hydraulic chamber.
- the method for controlling an artificial knee joint provides that the resistance is changed depending on the spatial orientation of the bottom part and/or the top part, which is determined during use of the artificial knee joint via an inertial angle sensor or an IMU be compared with the determined solid angle or absolute angle with a threshold value and when the threshold value is reached or exceeded, the actuator is activated.
- This makes it possible, on the basis of just one measured value, namely the spatial angle or absolute angle of a prosthetic component or orthotic component in space, in combination with the direction of flow and a load condition that does not necessarily have to be detected electronically, to ensure safe control when using the artificial knee joint to reach.
- the angular velocity or rate of change of the spatial angle can also be considered, since changes in the direction of movement can be detected particularly well using these parameters.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an artificial knee joint with a resistance device
- FIG. 1a a variant of FIG. 1;
- Figure 2 is a hydraulic circuit diagram of the resistance device
- FIG. 2a a variant with rotary hydraulics
- FIG. 6 shows a detailed illustration of the hydraulic line with switching valve
- Figure 8 - a schematic representation of a linear
- Figure 9 - a schematic representation of a rotary
- an artificial knee joint is shown in a schematic representation as part of a prosthesis, in Figure 1, or orthosis in Figure 1a.
- the artificial knee joint has an upper part 10 and a lower part 20 which are mounted on one another such that they can pivot about a pivot axis 12 .
- a prosthetic foot is arranged on the distal end of the lower part 20 in an embodiment as a prosthesis according to FIG. 1.
- a foot part is arranged on the lower part 20, as shown, on which a foot can be placed.
- the upper part 10 is fastened to a thigh via fastening elements 10a and the lower part 20 is fastened to the lower leg via fastening elements 20a.
- the fastening elements 10a, 20a are used for repeated, detachable fastening of the orthosis on the leg or limb.
- the Fastening elements 10a, 20a can be designed as belts, shells, buckles, clamps or similar devices in order to fix the orthotic components on the respective limb.
- a resistance device 30 as a linearly acting resistance device 30 is arranged between the upper part 10 and the lower part 20 .
- the resistance device 30 is designed as a hydraulic resistance device with a hydraulic chamber 35 .
- the hydraulic chamber 35 is arranged or formed in a housing and forms a cylinder in which a piston 34 is displaceably mounted.
- the piston 34 is displaceable along the length of the cylinder or hydraulic chamber 35 and is fixed to a piston rod 34 which projects from the housing or body with the hydraulic chamber 35 arranged therein.
- the piston 34 divides the hydraulic chambers 35 into an extension chamber 31 and a flexion chamber 32 which are in fluid communication with one another via a hydraulic line which will be explained later.
- the base body or the housing with the hydraulic chamber 35 can be mounted pivotably on the lower part 20 in order to prevent the piston 34 from tilting when the upper part 10 pivots relative to the lower part 20 .
- the end of the piston rod 33 facing away from the piston 34 is fastened to the upper part 10, in the exemplary embodiment shown to a cantilever to increase the distance from the pivot axis 12.
- the piston 34 is pressed downwards, so that the flexion chamber 32 is reduced, and the volume of the extension chamber 31 increases correspondingly, reduced by the volume of the retracting piston rod 33.
- the differential volume created by the piston rod is offset by a compensating volume, not shown recorded.
- a flexion movement is opposed to a resistance.
- the resistance is adjustable. Different changes in volume in the extension chamber 31 or flexion chamber 32 are compensated for via a compensation volume 38 .
- the spatial angle or the absolute angle to a fixed spatial orientation for example the direction of gravity
- the sensor 40 can also acquire other status data, in particular status data relating to the artificial knee joint.
- status data relating to the artificial knee joint.
- positions, angular positions, speeds, accelerations, forces and their courses or changes are recorded as status data.
- the determined solid angle of the upper part 10 and/or the lower part 20 or another state variable is compared with a threshold angle. When a threshold value is reached or exceeded, which is stored in a controller for the respective sensor value or a variable derived therefrom, an actuator is activated or deactivated in order to change the flow resistance in the resistance device 30 .
- a sensor 45 for measuring the knee angle and/or the knee angle speed can be provided, the information from which can be used in particular to influence the behavior of the resistance device 30 during the swing phase.
- the resistance device 30 in an artificial knee joint serves to moderate flexion movement and extension movement to produce or support an appropriate or desired range of motion.
- An extension movement is advantageously slowed down shortly before a maximum extension is reached in order to avoid hard stops.
- a flexion movement is slowed down or prevented in the stance phase and in the swing phase in order to ensure that flexion is limited.
- it is necessary to avoid an erroneous reduction in flexion resistance after a heel strike in the so-called stance phase flexion.
- a hydraulic connection is arranged in the resistance device 30, which ensures, via mechanical and electronic components, that an unwanted reduction of a flexion resistance or an extension resistance does not occur.
- FIG. 2 it can be seen that two overload valves 36 are arranged in connecting channels 341 between the extension chamber 31 and the flexion chamber 32 within the piston 34 . Both overload valves 36 are arranged to work in opposite directions, so that no mechanical components are destroyed in the event of an overload, but allow the overload valves 36 to yield against a spring resistance.
- a hydraulic line 37 through which the hydraulic fluid flows when the piston 34 moves when the overload valves are closed.
- a compensating tank 38 serves as a reservoir to compensate for the change in volume due to the retracting or extending piston rod 33 .
- two check valves 52 are arranged within the hydraulic line 37, which are oriented to act in opposite directions.
- Adjustable throttle valves 51 are arranged parallel to the check valves 52, which can also be spring-loaded, via which the flexion resistance or
- Extension resistance can be adjusted in a flexion movement or extension movement.
- the setting can be permanent, one-off or changed.
- the throttle valves 51 are assigned actuating devices that are actuated on the basis of sensor values and/or via mechanical power transmission, so that the respective flow resistance in the respective flow direction is set depending on sensor values or loads or positions in an orthopedic joint device can be.
- a switching valve 50 is arranged at the outlet of the flexion chamber 32 in parallel with both a check valve 52 and a control valve 51 .
- the check valve 52 at the exit of the flexion chamber 32 blocks the flow of fluid from the flexion chamber 32 during a flexion movement, so that hydraulic fluid from the flexion chamber 32 opens must flow into the extension chamber 31 through the throttle valve 51 and/or the switching valve 50 .
- a throttle valve 51 is additionally connected downstream of the switching valve 50 in the direction of flow.
- the switching valve 50 is connected to such an actuator, not shown, which in turn is activated or deactivated via a control device 70 .
- the control device 70 is coupled to one or more external sensors 40 for acquiring status data and activates or deactivates the actuator in order to open or close the switching valve 50 .
- status sensors 41 of the check valves 52 are optionally coupled to the control device 70. In their simplest embodiment, the status sensors 41 are designed as switches and detect whether the respective check valve 52 is open or closed.
- check valve 52 assigned to the switching valve 50 for blocking the flow of fluid during a flexion movement is in a closed state, it can be detected which movement or which load is applied to the artificial knee joint. If this check valve 52 is in an open position, it can be seen that there is no moment around the pivot axis 12 that would cause a flexion movement. This is essential input information for the control device 70.
- FIG. 2a shows a variant of FIG. 2 with rotary hydraulics.
- the hydraulic interconnection of the extension chamber 31 with the flexion chamber 32 corresponds to the interconnection according to FIG.
- the expansion tank 38 is used to compensate for fluid losses and temperature-related changes in the oil volume.
- the compensating tank 38 is not necessary in order to compensate for different volumes due to a retracting or extending piston rod, since this is omitted in rotary hydraulics. Therefore, the compensating volume in rotary hydraulics can be relatively small compared to linear hydraulics.
- FIG. 3 shows a variant of the embodiment according to FIG Flow direction or for capturing the state of the check valves 52 equipped, rather a simplified control is provided solely on the basis of status data on the sensors 40, in particular via an IMU and exclusively only one IMU with a substantially unchanged mechanical structure.
- the switching valve 50 is designed in such a way that a release force exerted by the actuator to release the flow channel does not exceed a set setpoint.
- the desired value is determined by the fact that, given a predetermined compressive force, a valve body within the switching valve 50 requires a predetermined release force, ie offers resistance to an adjustment from a closed state to an open state.
- a compressive force due to the hydraulic pressure from the flexion chamber is applied to both the throttle valve 51 connected in parallel and the switching valve 50 .
- the check valve 52 at the flexion chamber outlet, which is also connected in parallel, is closed. If in such a state the control device 70 receives a sensor value from a sensor device 40 which, after evaluation, leads to a control command which activates the actuator, a corresponding signal is output to the actuator and a release force is exerted on the valve body. If the holding force counteracting the release force due to the applied pressure is too great, the switching valve 50 cannot be opened, so that false triggering is prevented when the knee joint is loaded in the flexion direction.
- the switching valve 50 can be constructed in such a way that after it has been activated once by the control device 70 it remains open until the fluid flow through the valve falls below a threshold value. Unhindered flexion of the knee joint can thus be realized, but the knee joint device automatically falls back into the highly damped, safe state as soon as the movement is interrupted or the direction of movement is reversed.
- FIG. 3a shows the minimum configuration of a resistance device with the hydraulic chamber 35 and the piston 34 arranged therein to form an extension chamber 31 and a flexion chamber 32.
- the hydraulic line 37 connects the extension chamber 31 with the flexion chamber 32 and the compensation volume 38.
- Upstream of a connection of the hydraulic line 37 to the flexion chamber 32 is a check valve 52 and a switching valve 50 connected parallel to it.
- the switching valve 50 is adjusted via the control device 70, which in turn is coupled to the sensor device 40 .
- the check valve blocks the outflow from the flexion chamber 32 in the direction of the extension chamber 31 and always allows the inflow from the extension chamber 31 into the flexion chamber 32 . This makes it possible for an extension to always take place, but a flexion only if the switching valve 50 is opened accordingly.
- the extension chamber 31 is assigned a further check valve 52 at the outlet, which in turn is assigned a status sensor 41 for detecting the direction of flow.
- a status sensor 41 for detecting the direction of flow.
- Two non-return valves 52 switched in opposite directions are thus arranged at the outlet of the extension chamber. If an extension movement takes place, the status sensor 41 detects an open check valve and can thereby determine the direction of movement and the direction of loading in the artificial knee joint. During a flexion movement, the closed state of the check valve 52 provided with the state sensor 41 can be detected. If the switching valve 50 is opened in this design and a hydraulic flow is also possible via the throttle valve or throttle valves 51, then a backflow into the extension chamber 31 is also possible.
- FIG. 5 A variant of the hydraulic structure of the resistance device is shown in Figure 5, in which a flow direction, flow rate or flow rate sensor 41 is arranged in the hydraulic line 70 from the extension chamber 31 to the flexion chamber 32, which is coupled to the control device 70.
- a pressure sensor 41a which is optional, is arranged between the switching valve 50, the throttle valve 51 and the single check valve 52 in parallel with the two aforementioned valves 50, 51, in order to ensure that no bending load, force or moment is applied to the knee joint in the direction of flexion .
- the pressure sensor 41a can be of simple construction since only a binary or digital status signal is required, so that the pressure sensor 41a can also be used as a Pressure switch can be formed, which is activated by a piston or a membrane when a sufficiently high hydraulic pressure from the flexion chamber 52 is present in the hydraulic line 37.
- the direction sensor 41 for detecting the flow direction or pressure direction of the hydraulic fluid can be of different types, for example as a check valve with status detection, as a turbine wheel with direction of rotation detection, as a bearing sensor, as a light beam sensor, using magnets or the like.
- the throttle valve 51 parallel to the switching valve 50 is generally a valve with a high throttle effect, which is used, for example, for stance phase flexion damping.
- the throttle valve 51 shown in Figures 2 to 4 which is assigned to the flexion chamber 32, is used for extension damping when the hydraulic fluid flows back from the flexion chamber 32 into the extension chamber 31 and has a comparatively small throttle effect, which also changes depending on the position of the piston 34 can be.
- the throttle valve arranged downstream of the switching valve 50 in the flow direction from the flexion chamber 32 into the extension chamber 31 is used for flexion damping in the swing phase and is an optional valve that has a comparatively small throttle effect, which can also be changed depending on the position of the piston 34 .
- FIG. 6 shows a more detailed illustration of the switching valve 50 and an actuator 60 in a schematic manner.
- the hydraulic structure is only indicated incompletely, a return line from the flexion chamber 32 to the extension chamber 31 is missing, as is a compensating tank.
- the switching valve 50 is closed, ie no fluid coming from the flexion chamber 32 can flow through the switching valve 50 . This must pass through the throttle valve 51 connected in parallel with a very high throttle effect in order to get into the extension chamber 31 .
- the switching valve 50 is assigned an actuator 60 which is designed as a motor, electromagnet, solenoid or another switching device or actuating device in order to be activated on the basis of sensor values via the control device 70 (not shown).
- the actuator 60 acts against an energy accumulator 56, for example a spring, an elastomer element or a magnet. If the actuator 60 is not activated, the switching valve 50 is closed. To open the switching valve 50 and to reduce the flexion resistance, the actuator 60 is activated and a force applied, which is sufficient to move an unloaded switching valve 50 from the illustrated closed position to an open position or release position when no compressive force component acts on a valve body due to an applied hydraulic pressure.
- an energy accumulator 56 for example a spring, an elastomer element or a magnet.
- valve body of switching valve 50 due to a force acting on the piston rod, which is indicated by the arrow, this generates a holding force, for example by pressing the valve body into its guide, so that the force applied by actuator 60 Release force is not sufficient to move the valve body from the closed position to the release position.
- the throttle valve 51 which is optionally connected in series with the switching valve, has a rather low throttle effect and is used to adjust the swing phase damping.
- FIG. 7 shows the schematic structure of the switching valve with the valve body 55 within a valve housing with the drive 60 and the spring element 56.
- the valve body 55 is located in a housing in which the hydraulic line 37 is arranged or formed.
- the valve body 55 is assigned via the actuator 60 in the form of a solenoid or a magnetic coil.
- a magnet is located within the coil and is coupled to a pin which in turn acts on the valve body 55 .
- the magnet within the coil moves upwards and the pin presses on the valve body 55 against the spring force which is applied by the energy store 56 and holds the valve body 55 in the first, closed position. This state is shown in the illustration on the right.
- the hydraulic line 37 is fully open and allows the hydraulic fluid to flow through.
- the mechanical interaction between the valve body and the housing is designed in such a way that when hydraulic pressure is applied from the flexion chamber in the direction of the extension chamber, friction or engagement of projections and depressions takes place, so that an increased displacement force is necessary to move the valve body 55 in move to the open position. This compressive force is sufficient to increase the required release force beyond an extent that the required force cannot be applied by the actuator 60. So if there is hydraulic pressure on the valve body 55, the actuator 60 cannot move the valve body 55 against the spring force of the force accumulator 56 in combination with a holding force by the mechanical Storage or a corresponding design of the inflow surface of the valve body 55 move into the second, open position.
- the housing or the housing and the valve body 55 are designed in such a way that a high release force is required at high pressure, which must be applied by the actuator 60 .
- the mechanical design of the resistance device 30 in conjunction with the control concept of the control device 50 it is possible to manage with a minimum of sensor signals for controlling a flexion release and/or an extension release.
- information about a swing phase release can be sent to the control device 70 via an individual spatial position sensor 40 or an IMU, via which the actuator 60 would normally be activated and the switching valve 50 then released.
- the necessary release force increases due to the mechanical design, so that the release cannot take place.
- the switching valve 50 can only be opened when the pressure force from the flexion chamber 32 decreases, so that the bypass for the conventional throttle valve 51 opens and the hydraulic resistance is reduced.
- FIG. 8 shows the steering of a switching valve via a rotary drive 60 with a lever mechanism.
- the rotary drive 60 or rotary drive can be designed as a motor or as a rotating component of a transmission device downstream of a motor.
- the adjustment of the valve 50 can be effected in the manner of a connecting rod via a lever 90 which is pivotably mounted or fastened both on the rotary drive 60 and on the linear switching valve 50 .
- FIG. 9 shows the kinematic reversal of FIG. 8, in which there is a linear drive 60 which is coupled via a lever 90 corresponding to the arrangement in FIG. 8 to a switching valve 50 designed as a rotary valve. The respective flow direction and flow of the hydraulic fluid is shown by the arrows.
- a switching valve designed as a rotary valve can also be actuated via a rotary actuator.
- actuation can also take place via a gear with a suitable ratio, a link mechanism or a combination of these components.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP22838650.4A EP4447874A1 (de) | 2021-12-13 | 2022-12-12 | Künstliches kniegelenk und verfahren zu dessen steuerung |
CN202280081619.2A CN118475327A (zh) | 2021-12-13 | 2022-12-12 | 人工膝关节及其控制方法 |
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DE102021006128.4 | 2021-12-13 | ||
DE102021006128.4A DE102021006128A1 (de) | 2021-12-13 | 2021-12-13 | Künstliches Kniegelenk und Verfahren zu dessen Steuerung |
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WO2023110740A1 true WO2023110740A1 (de) | 2023-06-22 |
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PCT/EP2022/085367 WO2023110740A1 (de) | 2021-12-13 | 2022-12-12 | Künstliches kniegelenk und verfahren zu dessen steuerung |
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EP (1) | EP4447874A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN118475327A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102021006128A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2023110740A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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RU224920U1 (ru) * | 2023-11-09 | 2024-04-08 | Александр Владимирович Голубятников | Искусственный коленный сустав |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2175809B1 (de) * | 2007-07-09 | 2016-09-07 | Otto Bock HealthCare GmbH | Prothese oder orthese mit einem orthopädietechnischen fluiddämpfer |
WO2018161023A1 (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2018-09-07 | Freedom Innovations, Llc | Prosthetic knee with a rectification hydraulic system |
US20210113354A1 (en) * | 2018-05-14 | 2021-04-22 | Ottobock Se & Co. Kgaa | Valve and prosthetic knee joint having such a valve |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102009056074A1 (de) | 2009-11-30 | 2011-07-07 | Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 | Knieexartikulationsprothese |
DE102012003369A1 (de) | 2012-02-22 | 2013-08-22 | Otto Bock Healthcare Gmbh | Verfahren zur Steuerung eines künstlichen Orthesen- oder Prothesenkniegelenks |
GB201502504D0 (en) | 2015-02-13 | 2015-04-01 | Boender Jonah A B And Boender Jacob Q L | A hydraulic prosthetic joint |
-
2021
- 2021-12-13 DE DE102021006128.4A patent/DE102021006128A1/de active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-12-12 CN CN202280081619.2A patent/CN118475327A/zh active Pending
- 2022-12-12 EP EP22838650.4A patent/EP4447874A1/de active Pending
- 2022-12-12 WO PCT/EP2022/085367 patent/WO2023110740A1/de active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2175809B1 (de) * | 2007-07-09 | 2016-09-07 | Otto Bock HealthCare GmbH | Prothese oder orthese mit einem orthopädietechnischen fluiddämpfer |
WO2018161023A1 (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2018-09-07 | Freedom Innovations, Llc | Prosthetic knee with a rectification hydraulic system |
US20210113354A1 (en) * | 2018-05-14 | 2021-04-22 | Ottobock Se & Co. Kgaa | Valve and prosthetic knee joint having such a valve |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU224920U1 (ru) * | 2023-11-09 | 2024-04-08 | Александр Владимирович Голубятников | Искусственный коленный сустав |
Also Published As
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EP4447874A1 (de) | 2024-10-23 |
DE102021006128A1 (de) | 2023-06-15 |
CN118475327A (zh) | 2024-08-09 |
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