WO2023110633A1 - Battery module having a plurality of cylindrical single battery cells - Google Patents

Battery module having a plurality of cylindrical single battery cells Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023110633A1
WO2023110633A1 PCT/EP2022/085035 EP2022085035W WO2023110633A1 WO 2023110633 A1 WO2023110633 A1 WO 2023110633A1 EP 2022085035 W EP2022085035 W EP 2022085035W WO 2023110633 A1 WO2023110633 A1 WO 2023110633A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cup
shaped outer
outer housing
cell
battery module
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2022/085035
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Dirk Steffens
Michael Stocker
Original Assignee
Mercedes-Benz Group AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mercedes-Benz Group AG filed Critical Mercedes-Benz Group AG
Publication of WO2023110633A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023110633A1/en

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/213Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/503Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the shape of the interconnectors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/509Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the type of connection, e.g. mixed connections
    • H01M50/512Connection only in parallel
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/514Methods for interconnecting adjacent batteries or cells
    • H01M50/516Methods for interconnecting adjacent batteries or cells by welding, soldering or brazing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/521Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543Terminals
    • H01M50/552Terminals characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/559Terminals adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round, elliptic or button cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a battery module with a plurality of cylindrical individual battery cells, one battery pole of which forms a cup-shaped outer housing which is electrically contacted via a cell connector.
  • Battery modules made up of a plurality of individual battery cells, for example in a cylindrical design, are known from the prior art. They are electrically contacted in a battery module via a so-called cell terminal and cell connector. Various types of contacting are conceivable here, for example welding, clinching or the like.
  • DE 102012 223 812 A1 describes a structure with partially elastic cell connectors in order to ensure a reliable connection of the individual battery cells.
  • the object of the present invention is now to specify an improved battery module according to the preamble of claim 1, which allows safe and reliable contacting and which is easy to handle. According to the invention, this object is achieved by a battery module having the features in claim 1, and here in particular in the characterizing part of claim 1. Advantageous refinements and developments result from the dependent subclaims.
  • the battery module according to the invention consists of several cylindrical individual battery cells with a cup-shaped outer housing, which forms one of the battery poles, typically the negative pole of the respective individual battery cell. These are electrically contacted via a cell connector.
  • the cell connector in the battery module according to the invention serves to connect the cup-shaped outer housing of several individual battery cells in parallel.
  • the cell connector has a plurality of contact areas, each of which is designed with a shape that corresponds on the circumference to the cup-shaped outer housing.
  • the cell connector can therefore be applied largely seamlessly to at least part of the circumference of the cup-shaped outer housing.
  • the contact area that bears against the cup-shaped outer housing over at least part of the circumference is then welded to the outer housing in at least one section of the contact area.
  • the cell connector is thus brought into mechanical contact with the outer housing and welded to it. This ensures safe and reliable electrical contacting.
  • a mechanically stable structure of these individual battery cells connected to one another via the cell connector can be achieved, which is correspondingly simple in the further handling are.
  • the front area of a single battery cell cover that is insulated from the outer housing can form the other battery pole, typically the positive pole, and is therefore easily and efficiently accessible for electrical contact, for example by welding on cell terminals, since the Contacting the other battery post is spaced apart in the area of the housing.
  • the cell connector of the battery module according to the invention is designed as a flat element with openings for inserting the individual battery cells, with each of the openings forming a contact area for an individual battery cell inserted through.
  • a cell connector can, for example, be in the form of sheet metal, preferably made of an alloy with good electrical conductivity, for example aluminum, copper or their alloys. It then has openings which are designed to allow the individual battery cells to be pushed through, that is to say preferably correspond to them in terms of their shape and size. The individual battery cells can then be inserted through these openings, so that both a part of the individual battery cell lies above the flat element and a part of the respective individual battery cell lies below the flat element.
  • the design is preferably such that the individual battery cells can be inserted into the openings with little force, but do not fall through them without further application of force. They can then be easily and efficiently welded to the cell connector in the contact area, for example using a fillet weld realized by laser welding.
  • the openings can be formed in rows offset from one another by half the diameter of an opening.
  • Such an arrangement has proven itself in terms of the density of the possible arrangements of the cylindrical individual battery cells and can be implemented as a preferred variant of a structure with rows that are not offset from one another as a very space-saving alternative.
  • the contact areas themselves can be connected to the respective cup-shaped outer housings via a partial weld seam, in particular by a partial fillet weld between those elements of the housing wall of the cup-shaped outer housing, which are preferably at right angles to one another, on the one hand, and of the cell connector, which is perpendicular thereto, on the other hand.
  • a partial weld seam which is formed from short welded sections and short non-welded sections lying in between, allows reliable contacting and fastening on the one hand and can at the same time enable minimization of the heat input during the welding process.
  • the weld seam is preferably designed as a laser weld seam.
  • Another very favorable embodiment of the structure according to the invention can also provide that several of the cell connectors are contacted with one another by welding.
  • a structure can be produced from a number of individual battery cells that are electrically and mechanically connected via the cell connectors and can then be mechanically and electrically contacted with another comparable unit.
  • preferably partial weld seams and preferably again laser weld seams can be used.
  • the battery poles not formed by the cup-shaped outer housing ie in particular the positive poles, as already mentioned above, are connected to a cell terminal.
  • this can also be done by welding, with other techniques such as clinching or in principle also soldering or screwing being conceivable in principle.
  • the cell connectors and the cup-shaped outer housing can be made of a comparable, in particular identical, material.
  • a comparable material within the meaning of the present invention would be, for example, an aluminum material, a nickel material, preferably as a coating, a copper material, a steel material such as hilumin or the like.
  • the alloy is therefore based on the same material, so that the materials are comparable. It does not necessarily have to have exactly the same alloy components in both cases, as would be the case with identical materials.
  • the cell connector and the cup-shaped outer housing can be made from two very similar aluminum materials, which do not necessarily have to be the same with regard to the other components, since the requirements for the cup-shaped outer housing, for example during the deep-drawing process to produce it, are different than for the cell connector, which For example, it could consist of a stamped and not further formed sheet metal made of an aluminum material.
  • these comparable materials allow the components to be welded with correspondingly favorable properties with regard to the weld seams.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic three-dimensional view of a possible battery module according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section through part of the battery module according to FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross section through a battery module according to FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of a cell connector
  • FIG. 5 shows a connection between two cell connectors according to FIG
  • a battery module denoted in its entirety by 1, can be seen in a highly schematic manner in an embodiment according to the invention.
  • the battery module 1 here includes, purely by way of example, eight individual battery cells 2 , only some of which are provided with the reference number 2 .
  • These individual battery cells 2 are designed as cylindrical individual battery cells. They have a cup-shaped outer housing 3, which can be produced from an aluminum material, for example, as a deep-drawn or extruded cup. At the same time, this cup-shaped outer housing 3 forms the negative pole of the respective individual battery cell 2 .
  • a cover 4 with both the cup-shaped outer housing 3 and the cover 4 only on one of the individual battery cells 2 with a reference number are provided, is arranged isolated from it on the upper front side and forms the positive pole.
  • the positive poles of all eight individual battery cells 2 are electrically connected to one another via a cell terminal 7 .
  • a cell connector labeled 5 also rests against the cup-shaped outer housing 3 in the outside area and is electrically connected to it, so that all negative poles of the eight individual battery cells 2 are also electrically connected to one another.
  • FIG. 2 This is illustrated on the basis of the simplified sectional illustration through part of the structure in the illustration in FIG. Sections of two of the individual battery cells 2 are shown, each with a wall of the cup-shaped outer housing 3 and part of its cover 4.
  • the cell connector 5 is arranged between the two cup-shaped housings 3 of the two individual battery cells 2 and is connected to the respective cup-shaped outer housing 3 via two weld seams 6 .
  • this creates the electrical contact for the negative pole indicated in FIG. 2 and, on the other hand, the individual battery cells 2 are mechanically connected to one another, so that they can be easily handled as a cell block.
  • the positive poles formed for each respective cover 4 are connected to one another via the cell terminal 7 in a manner known per se, for example by welding.
  • FIG. 3 a cross section at the level of the cell connector 5 can now be seen. This is formed from ring-shaped segments, each of which encloses an opening 8 in which the respective individual battery cell 2 is arranged. This is connected to the cell connector 5 via the previously mentioned weld seam 6, which is indicated in the illustration in FIG. 3 in the form of light lines inside the cell connector 5, which is shown in black throughout.
  • the weld seams 6 are designed as partial weld seams 6, so they are not completely circumferential, but are repeatedly interrupted. This can be implemented in a correspondingly simple manner, in particular when producing a laser weld seam.
  • the structure of the cell connector 5 could also be designed in such a way that instead of the individual Rings a continuous sheet metal element is used, in which the openings 8 are introduced, for example, by punching.
  • these rows can also be offset from one another by half the diameter of one of the individual battery cells 2.
  • the cell connector 5 shown in FIG. 4 is thus available, which saves installation space overall due to the denser arrangement of the individual battery cells.
  • cell connectors 5 of this type can also be connected to one another to form a larger unit. This is indicated accordingly in the representation of FIG. 5 using the example of two cell connectors 5 according to FIG. The connection also takes place here via weld seams 6, which are again shown in white in the illustration in FIG.
  • the individual battery cells 2 in the structures shown so far were always spaced apart from one another by the material of the cell connector 5, so that the individual sections of the cup-shaped outer housing 3 do not touch.
  • a cooling medium to be passed through, for example a gaseous or liquid cooling medium, for temperature control of the individual battery cells 2.
  • the cup-shaped outer housing 3 of the individual battery cells 2 can touch one another both in the non-staggered arrangement according to FIG. 3 and in the staggered arrangement according to FIG .
  • the material for the cell connectors 5 can be any material that is suitable for welding on the one hand and for electrical conduction on the other hand.
  • copper components or other components can be used.
  • a comparable or even identical material is used both for the cup-shaped outer housing 3 and for the cell connector(s) 5 .
  • This can be aluminum or an aluminum alloy, for example, with the alloys of the cup-shaped outer housing 3 and the cell connector 5 do not necessarily have to have identical alloy components in the same quantity.
  • nickel-plated steel is also conceivable as a component.
  • Such a material, specially designed for use in battery modules, is available under the brand name Hilumin, for example.

Abstract

The invention relates to a battery module (1) having a plurality of cylindrical single battery cells (2), one battery pole of which forms a cup-shaped outer housing (3) electrically contacted by means of a cell connector (5). The invention is characterized in that, in order to electrically interconnect the cup-shaped outer housings (3) of a plurality of single battery cells (2), the cell connector (5) has a plurality of contact regions, each of which has a shape corresponding peripherally to the cup-shaped battery outer housing (3), the contact region resting against the cup-shaped outer housing (3) at least over part of the periphery of said cup-shaped outer housing and being welded to the cup-shaped outer housing (3) at least in a portion of the contact region.

Description

Mercedes-Benz Group AG Mercedes-Benz Group AG
Batteriemodul mit mehreren zylindrischen Batterieeinzelzellen Battery module with several cylindrical single battery cells
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Batteriemodul mit mehreren zylindrischen Batterieeinzelzellen deren einen Batteriepol ein becherförmiges Außengehäuse ausbildet, welches über einen Zellverbinder elektrisch kontaktiert ist. The invention relates to a battery module with a plurality of cylindrical individual battery cells, one battery pole of which forms a cup-shaped outer housing which is electrically contacted via a cell connector.
Batteriemodule aus einer Mehrzahl von Batterieeinzelzellen, beispielsweise in zylindrischer Bauart, sind soweit aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt. Sie werden in einem Batteriemodul über ein sogenanntes Zellterminal und Zellverbinder elektrisch kontaktiert. Dabei sind verschiedene Arten der Kontaktierung denkbar, beispielsweise ein Verschweißen, ein Durchsetzfügen oder dergleichen. Die DE 102012 223 812 A1 beschreibt in diesem Zusammenhang einen Aufbau mit zum Teil elastischen Zellverbindern, um eine zuverlässige Anbindung der Batterieeinzelzellen zu gewährleisten. Battery modules made up of a plurality of individual battery cells, for example in a cylindrical design, are known from the prior art. They are electrically contacted in a battery module via a so-called cell terminal and cell connector. Various types of contacting are conceivable here, for example welding, clinching or the like. In this context, DE 102012 223 812 A1 describes a structure with partially elastic cell connectors in order to ensure a reliable connection of the individual battery cells.
Die DE 10 2019 130 378 A1 beschreibt einen gattungsgemäßen Aufbau, bei welchem die Batterieeinzelzellen mit einem bandförmigen Zellverbinder verschweißt werden. Ähnliche Aufbauten sind auch in den Veröffentlichungen US 2021/0184290 A1 sowie US 2021/0384591 A1 gezeigt. DE 10 2019 130 378 A1 describes a generic structure in which the individual battery cells are welded to a strip-shaped cell connector. Similar structures are also shown in the publications US 2021/0184290 A1 and US 2021/0384591 A1.
Ergänzend kann ferner auf die US 2021/0159571 A1 verwiesen werden, welche den Einsatz eines flächigen Zellverbinders an einer der Stirnseiten der Batterieeinzelzellen zeigt. In addition, reference can also be made to US 2021/0159571 A1, which shows the use of a flat cell connector on one of the end faces of the individual battery cells.
Dabei ist es so, dass häufig alle Pole der Batterieeinzelzellen im Bereich einer Kopfseite der Batterie herausgeführt werden, was den Aufbau flächenmäßig sehr stark einschränkt und die Kontaktierung mittels eines Zellverbinders daher schwierig macht. Bei Batteriemodulen mit einem becherförmigen Außengehäuse, welches einen der Batteriepole der jeweiligen Einzelzelle ausbildet, sind außerdem Kontaktfedern aus dem allgemeinen Stand der Technik bekannt, welche von der Stirnseite her auf dieses Gehäuse aufgesetzt werden. Diese haben den Nachteil an mechanischen Anfälligkeit der elektrischen Kontaktierung. Bezüglich des Standes der Technik kann in diesem Zusammenhang auf die EP 3 096 372 B2 hingewiesen werden. It is the case that all the poles of the individual battery cells are frequently brought out in the area of a head side of the battery, which greatly limits the structure in terms of surface area and therefore makes contacting by means of a cell connector difficult. In battery modules with a cup-shaped outer housing, which one of Forming battery poles of the respective individual cell, contact springs are also known from the general state of the art, which are placed on this housing from the front side. These have the disadvantage of mechanical vulnerability of the electrical contact. With regard to the state of the art, reference can be made in this context to EP 3 096 372 B2.
Die Aufgabe der hier vorliegenden Erfindung besteht nun darin, ein verbessertes Batteriemodul gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 anzugeben, welches eine sichere und zuverlässige Kontaktierung erlaubt, und welches einfach im Handling ist. Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch ein Batteriemodul mit den Merkmalen im Anspruch 1 , und hier insbesondere im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruchs 1 , gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen ergeben sich aus den hiervon abhängigen Unteransprüchen. The object of the present invention is now to specify an improved battery module according to the preamble of claim 1, which allows safe and reliable contacting and which is easy to handle. According to the invention, this object is achieved by a battery module having the features in claim 1, and here in particular in the characterizing part of claim 1. Advantageous refinements and developments result from the dependent subclaims.
Das Batteriemodul gemäß der Erfindung besteht aus mehreren zylindrischen Batterieeinzelzellen mit einem becherförmigen Außengehäuse, welches einen der Batteriepole, typischerweise den Minuspol der jeweiligen Batterieeinzelzelle ausbildet. Diese sind über einen Zellverbinder elektrisch kontaktiert. Der Zellverbinder in dem erfindungsgemäßen Batteriemodul dient dabei zum parallelen Verschalten der becherförmigen Außengehäuse mehrerer Batterieeinzelzellen. Der Zellverbinder weist dafür mehrere Kontaktbereiche auf, von welchen jeder mit einer dem becherförmigen Außengehäuse umfangsseitig korrespondierenden Formgebung ausgebildet ist. Der Zellverbinder kann also an zumindest einem Teil des Umfangs des becherförmigen Außengehäuses weitgehend nahtlos angelegt werden. Der zumindest über einen Teil des Umfangs an dem becherförmigen Außengehäuse anliegende Kontaktbereich ist dann in zumindest einem Abschnitt des Kontaktbereichs mit dem Außengehäuse verschweißt. The battery module according to the invention consists of several cylindrical individual battery cells with a cup-shaped outer housing, which forms one of the battery poles, typically the negative pole of the respective individual battery cell. These are electrically contacted via a cell connector. The cell connector in the battery module according to the invention serves to connect the cup-shaped outer housing of several individual battery cells in parallel. For this purpose, the cell connector has a plurality of contact areas, each of which is designed with a shape that corresponds on the circumference to the cup-shaped outer housing. The cell connector can therefore be applied largely seamlessly to at least part of the circumference of the cup-shaped outer housing. The contact area that bears against the cup-shaped outer housing over at least part of the circumference is then welded to the outer housing in at least one section of the contact area.
Der Zellverbinder wird also in einen mechanischen Kontakt mit dem Außengehäuse gebracht und mit diesem verschweißt. Dadurch wird eine sichere und zuverlässige elektrische Kontaktierung gewährleistet. Außerdem kann durch die Verbindung der jeweiligen Außengehäuse mit den jeweiligen Zellverbindern durch Verschweißen ein mechanisch stabiler Aufbau dieser untereinander über den Zellverbinder verbundenen Batterieeinzelzellen erzielt werden, welche dementsprechend einfach in der weiteren Handhabung sind. Darüber hinaus ist es so, dass der stirnseitige Bereich eines gegenüber dem Außengehäuse isolierten Deckels der Batterieeinzelzelle den anderen Batteriepol, typischerweise den Pluspol, ausbilden kann und dementsprechend einfach und effizient für eine elektrische Kontaktierung, beispielsweise durch das Aufschweißen von Zellterminals, zugänglich ist, da die Kontaktierung des anderen Batteriepols beabstandet im Bereich des Gehäuses erfolgt ist. The cell connector is thus brought into mechanical contact with the outer housing and welded to it. This ensures safe and reliable electrical contacting. In addition, by connecting the respective outer housing to the respective cell connectors by welding, a mechanically stable structure of these individual battery cells connected to one another via the cell connector can be achieved, which is correspondingly simple in the further handling are. In addition, the front area of a single battery cell cover that is insulated from the outer housing can form the other battery pole, typically the positive pole, and is therefore easily and efficiently accessible for electrical contact, for example by welding on cell terminals, since the Contacting the other battery post is spaced apart in the area of the housing.
Der Zellverbinder des erfindungsgemäßen Batteriemoduls ist dabei als flächiges Element mit Durchbrüchen zum Durchstecken der Batterieeinzelzellen ausgebildet, wobei jeder der Durchbrüche einen Kontaktbereich für eine durchgesteckte Batterieeinzelzelle ausbildet. Ein solcher Zellverbinder kann beispielsweise in der Art eines Blechs, vorzugsweise aus einer gut elektrisch leitenden Legierung, beispielsweise einer Aluminium, Kupfer oder deren Legierungen, ausgebildet sein. Er weist dann Durchbrüche auf, welche zum Durchstecken der Batterieeinzelzellen ausgebildet sind, also vorzugsweise bezüglich ihrer Form und Größe mit diesen korrespondieren. Die Batterieeinzelzellen können dann durch diese Durchbrüche hindurch gesteckt werden, so dass sowohl ein Teil der Batterieeinzelzelle oberhalb des flächigen Elements als auch ein Teil der jeweiligen Batterieeinzelzelle unterhalb des flächigen Elements liegt. Die Ausgestaltung ist dabei vorzugsweise so, dass die Batterieeinzelzellen mit wenig Kraft in die Durchbrüche eingesteckt werden können, durch diese aber nicht ohne weitere Krafteinwirkung hindurchfallen. Sie können dann einfach und effizient im Berührungsbereich mit dem Zellverbinder verschweißt werden, beispielsweise über eine durch Laserschweißen realisierte Kehlnaht. The cell connector of the battery module according to the invention is designed as a flat element with openings for inserting the individual battery cells, with each of the openings forming a contact area for an individual battery cell inserted through. Such a cell connector can, for example, be in the form of sheet metal, preferably made of an alloy with good electrical conductivity, for example aluminum, copper or their alloys. It then has openings which are designed to allow the individual battery cells to be pushed through, that is to say preferably correspond to them in terms of their shape and size. The individual battery cells can then be inserted through these openings, so that both a part of the individual battery cell lies above the flat element and a part of the respective individual battery cell lies below the flat element. The design is preferably such that the individual battery cells can be inserted into the openings with little force, but do not fall through them without further application of force. They can then be easily and efficiently welded to the cell connector in the contact area, for example using a fillet weld realized by laser welding.
Die Durchbrüche können gemäß einer außerordentlich günstigen Weiterbildung dabei in zueinander um den halben Durchmesser eines Durchbruchs versetzt in Reihen ausgebildet sein. Eine solche Anordnung hat sich bezüglich der Dichte der möglichen Anordnungen der zylindrischen Batterieeinzelzellen bewährt und kann als bevorzugte Variante zu einem Aufbau mit nicht gegeneinander versetzten Reihen als sehr platzsparende Alternative realisiert werden. According to an extraordinarily favorable development, the openings can be formed in rows offset from one another by half the diameter of an opening. Such an arrangement has proven itself in terms of the density of the possible arrangements of the cylindrical individual battery cells and can be implemented as a preferred variant of a structure with rows that are not offset from one another as a very space-saving alternative.
Die Kontaktbereiche selbst können dabei gemäß einer außerordentlich günstigen Weiterbildung über eine partielle Schweißnaht mit den jeweiligen becherförmigen Außengehäusen verbunden sein, insbesondere durch eine partielle Kehlnaht zwischen denen vorzugsweise in einem rechten Winkel aufeinander stehenden Elementen der Gehäusewand des becherförmigen Außengehäuses einerseits und des senkrecht dazu stehenden Zellverbinders andererseits. Eine solche partielle Schweißnaht, welche von kurzen verschweißten Abschnitten und kurzen dazwischen liegenden nicht verschweißten Abschnitten ausgebildet wird, erlaubt eine zuverlässige Kontaktierung und Befestigung einerseits und kann gleichzeitig eine Minimierung des Wärmeeintrags beim Schweißvorgang ermöglichen. Vorzugsweise wird die Schweißnaht dabei als Laserschweißnaht ausgebildet. According to an extraordinarily favorable further development, the contact areas themselves can be connected to the respective cup-shaped outer housings via a partial weld seam, in particular by a partial fillet weld between those elements of the housing wall of the cup-shaped outer housing, which are preferably at right angles to one another, on the one hand, and of the cell connector, which is perpendicular thereto, on the other hand. Such a partial weld seam, which is formed from short welded sections and short non-welded sections lying in between, allows reliable contacting and fastening on the one hand and can at the same time enable minimization of the heat input during the welding process. The weld seam is preferably designed as a laser weld seam.
Eine weitere sehr günstige Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Aufbaus kann es ferner vorsehen, dass mehrere der Zellverbinder miteinander durch Verschweißen kontaktiert sind. Dadurch kann beim Herstellen der Batterie ein Aufbau aus jeweils einigen über die Zellverbinder elektrisch und mechanisch verbundenen Batterieeinzelzellen hergestellt werden und dann mit einer anderen vergleichbaren Einheit mechanisch und elektrisch kontaktiert werden. Auch hier können vorzugsweise partielle Schweißnähte und vorzugsweise wiederum Laserschweißnähte zum Einsatz kommen. Another very favorable embodiment of the structure according to the invention can also provide that several of the cell connectors are contacted with one another by welding. As a result, when the battery is being manufactured, a structure can be produced from a number of individual battery cells that are electrically and mechanically connected via the cell connectors and can then be mechanically and electrically contacted with another comparable unit. Here, too, preferably partial weld seams and preferably again laser weld seams can be used.
Eine vorteilhafte Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Batteriemoduls kann es ferner vorsehen, dass die nicht durch die becherförmigen Außengehäuse gebildeten Batteriepole, insbesondere also die Pluspole, wie oben bereits erwähnt, mit einem Zellterminal verbunden sind. Auch dies kann prinzipiell durch Schweißen erfolgen, wobei auch andere Techniken wie beispielsweise ein Durchsetzfügen oder prinzipiell auch ein Löten oder ein Verschrauben grundsätzlich denkbar sind. An advantageous development of the battery module according to the invention can also provide that the battery poles not formed by the cup-shaped outer housing, ie in particular the positive poles, as already mentioned above, are connected to a cell terminal. In principle, this can also be done by welding, with other techniques such as clinching or in principle also soldering or screwing being conceivable in principle.
Die Zellverbinder und die becherförmigen Außengehäuse können gemäß einer sehr günstigen Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Batteriemoduls dabei aus einem vergleichbaren, insbesondere identischen, Werkstoff ausgebildet sein. Ein vergleichbarer Werkstoff im Sinne der hier vorliegenden Erfindung wäre beispielsweise ein Aluminiumwerkstoff, ein Nickelwerkstoff, bevorzugt als Beschichtung, ein Kupferwerkstoff, ein Stahlwerkstoff wie beispielsweise Hilumin oder dergleichen. Die Legierung basiert also auf demselben Werkstoff, so dass die Werkstoffe vergleichbar sind. Sie muss nicht zwingend, wie es bei identischen Werkstoffen der Fall wäre, in beiden Fällen exakt die gleichen Legierungsbestandteile aufweisen. So ließe sich beispielsweise der Zellverbinder und das becherförmige Außengehäuse aus zwei sehr ähnlichen Aluminiumwerkstoffen herstellen, welche bezüglich der weiteren Bestandteile jedoch nicht zwingend gleich sein müssen, da die Anforderungen an das becherförmige Außengehäuse beispielsweise beim Tiefziehprozess, um dieses herzustellen, andere sind, als bei dem Zellverbinder, welcher beispielsweise aus einem gestanzten und nicht weiter umgeformten Blech aus einer Aluminiumwerkstoff bestehen könnte. According to a very favorable embodiment of the battery module according to the invention, the cell connectors and the cup-shaped outer housing can be made of a comparable, in particular identical, material. A comparable material within the meaning of the present invention would be, for example, an aluminum material, a nickel material, preferably as a coating, a copper material, a steel material such as hilumin or the like. The alloy is therefore based on the same material, so that the materials are comparable. It does not necessarily have to have exactly the same alloy components in both cases, as would be the case with identical materials. That's how it could be For example, the cell connector and the cup-shaped outer housing can be made from two very similar aluminum materials, which do not necessarily have to be the same with regard to the other components, since the requirements for the cup-shaped outer housing, for example during the deep-drawing process to produce it, are different than for the cell connector, which For example, it could consist of a stamped and not further formed sheet metal made of an aluminum material.
Dennoch erlauben diese vergleichbaren Werkstoffe, also beispielsweise die beiden Aluminiumlegierungen ein Verschweißen der Bauteile mit entsprechend günstigen Eigenschaften bezüglich der Schweißnähte. Nevertheless, these comparable materials, for example the two aluminum alloys, allow the components to be welded with correspondingly favorable properties with regard to the weld seams.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Batteriemoduls ergeben sich auch aus den Ausführungsbeispielen, welche nachfolgend unter Bezugnahme auf die Figuren näher beschrieben sind. Further advantageous configurations of the battery module according to the invention also result from the exemplary embodiments, which are described in more detail below with reference to the figures.
Dabei zeigen: show:
Fig. 1 eine schematische dreidimensionale Ansicht eines möglichen Batteriemoduls gemäß der Erfindung; 1 shows a schematic three-dimensional view of a possible battery module according to the invention;
Fig. 2 einen Längsschnitt durch einen Teil des Batteriemoduls gemäß Fig. 1 ; FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section through part of the battery module according to FIG. 1 ;
Fig. 3 einen Querschnitt durch ein Batteriemodul gemäß Fig. 1; FIG. 3 shows a cross section through a battery module according to FIG. 1;
Fig. 4 eine alternative Ausgestaltung eines Zellverbinders; und Fig. 5 eine Verbindung zwischen zwei Zellverbindern gemäß Fig. 4 4 shows an alternative embodiment of a cell connector; and FIG. 5 shows a connection between two cell connectors according to FIG
In der Darstellung der Figur 1 ist sehr stark schematisiert ein in seiner Gesamtheit mit 1 bezeichnetes Batteriemodul in einer Ausführungsform gemäß der Erfindung zu erkennen. Das Batteriemodul 1 umfasst hier rein beispielhaft acht Batterieeinzelzellen 2, von welchen jeweils nur einige mit dem Bezugszeichen 2 versehen sind. Diese Batterieeinzelzellen 2 sind als zylindrische Batterieeinzelzellen ausgebildet. Sie haben ein becherförmiges Außengehäuse 3, welches beispielsweise als tiefgezogener oder fließgepresster Becher aus einem Aluminiumwerkstoff hergestellt sein kann. Dieses becherförmige Außengehäuse 3 bildet gleichzeitig den Minuspol der jeweiligen Batterieeinzelzelle 2 aus. Ein Deckel 4, wobei sowohl das becherförmige Außengehäuse 3 als auch der Deckel 4 nur an einer der Batterieeinzelzellen 2 mit einem Bezugszeichen versehen sind, ist davon isoliert an der oberen Stirnseite angeordnet und bildet den Pluspol aus. In an sich bekannter Weise sind hier die Pluspole aller acht Batterieeinzelzellen 2 über ein Zellterminal 7 elektrisch miteinander verbunden. Ein mit 5 bezeichneter Zellverbinder liegt außerdem im Außenbereich der becherförmigen Außengehäuse 3 an diesen an und ist elektrisch mit diesen verbunden, so dass alle Minuspole der acht Batterieeinzelzellen 2 ebenfalls elektrisch miteinander kontaktiert sind. In the representation of FIG. 1, a battery module, denoted in its entirety by 1, can be seen in a highly schematic manner in an embodiment according to the invention. The battery module 1 here includes, purely by way of example, eight individual battery cells 2 , only some of which are provided with the reference number 2 . These individual battery cells 2 are designed as cylindrical individual battery cells. They have a cup-shaped outer housing 3, which can be produced from an aluminum material, for example, as a deep-drawn or extruded cup. At the same time, this cup-shaped outer housing 3 forms the negative pole of the respective individual battery cell 2 . A cover 4, with both the cup-shaped outer housing 3 and the cover 4 only on one of the individual battery cells 2 with a reference number are provided, is arranged isolated from it on the upper front side and forms the positive pole. In a manner known per se, the positive poles of all eight individual battery cells 2 are electrically connected to one another via a cell terminal 7 . A cell connector labeled 5 also rests against the cup-shaped outer housing 3 in the outside area and is electrically connected to it, so that all negative poles of the eight individual battery cells 2 are also electrically connected to one another.
Anhand der vereinfachten Schnittdarstellung durch einen Teil des Aufbaus in der Darstellung der Figur 2 wird dies verdeutlicht. Dargestellt sind Ausschnitte von zwei der Batterieeinzelzellen 2 mit jeweils einer Wand des becherförmigen Außengehäuses 3 und einem Teil ihres Deckels 4. Zwischen den beiden becherförmigen Gehäusen 3 der beiden Batterieeinzelzellen 2 ist der Zellverbinder 5 angeordnet und über zwei Schweißnähte 6 mit dem jeweiligen becherförmigen Außengehäuse 3 verbunden. Hierdurch entsteht einerseits die elektrische Kontaktierung für den in Figur 2 angedeuteten Minuspol und andererseits werden die Batterieeinzelzellen 2 mechanisch miteinander verbunden, so dass sie als Zellblock einfach gehandhabt werden können. Die für jeden jeweiligen Deckel 4 ausgebildeten Pluspole sind über das Zellterminal 7 in an sich bekannter Art und Weise, beispielsweise durch Verschweißen miteinander verbunden. This is illustrated on the basis of the simplified sectional illustration through part of the structure in the illustration in FIG. Sections of two of the individual battery cells 2 are shown, each with a wall of the cup-shaped outer housing 3 and part of its cover 4. The cell connector 5 is arranged between the two cup-shaped housings 3 of the two individual battery cells 2 and is connected to the respective cup-shaped outer housing 3 via two weld seams 6 . On the one hand, this creates the electrical contact for the negative pole indicated in FIG. 2 and, on the other hand, the individual battery cells 2 are mechanically connected to one another, so that they can be easily handled as a cell block. The positive poles formed for each respective cover 4 are connected to one another via the cell terminal 7 in a manner known per se, for example by welding.
In der Darstellung der Figur 3 ist nun ein Querschnitt auf Höhe des Zellverbinders 5 zu erkennen. Dieser wird aus ringförmigen Segmenten ausgebildet, welche jeweils einen Durchbruch 8 umschließen, in welchem die jeweilige Batterieeinzelzelle 2 angeordnet ist. Diese ist mit dem Zellverbinder 5 über die bereits angesprochene Schweißnaht 6 verbunden, welche in der Darstellung der Figur 3 in Form von hellen Linien innerhalb des durchgehend schwarz dargestellten Zellverbinders 5 angedeutet sind. Die Schweißnähte 6 sind dabei als partielle Schweißnähte 6 ausgebildet, sie sind also nicht vollständig umlaufend, sondern immer wieder unterbrochen ausgeführt. Dies lässt sich insbesondere bei der Erzeugung einer Laserschweißnaht entsprechend einfach realisieren. Es stellt einen guten Kompromiss zwischen der Gefahr für die Batterieeinzelzelle 2 durch die eingetragene Wärme beim Schweißen einerseits und die Stabilität der elektrischen und mechanischen Verbindung andererseits dar. Der Aufbau des Zellverbinders 5 könnte dabei auch so gestaltet sein, dass anstelle der einzelnen Ringe ein durchgehendes Blechelement Verwendung findet, in welches die Durchbrüche 8 beispielsweise durch Stanzen eingebracht sind. In the representation of FIG. 3, a cross section at the level of the cell connector 5 can now be seen. This is formed from ring-shaped segments, each of which encloses an opening 8 in which the respective individual battery cell 2 is arranged. This is connected to the cell connector 5 via the previously mentioned weld seam 6, which is indicated in the illustration in FIG. 3 in the form of light lines inside the cell connector 5, which is shown in black throughout. The weld seams 6 are designed as partial weld seams 6, so they are not completely circumferential, but are repeatedly interrupted. This can be implemented in a correspondingly simple manner, in particular when producing a laser weld seam. It represents a good compromise between the risk to the individual battery cell 2 from the heat introduced during welding on the one hand and the stability of the electrical and mechanical connection on the other. The structure of the cell connector 5 could also be designed in such a way that instead of the individual Rings a continuous sheet metal element is used, in which the openings 8 are introduced, for example, by punching.
Neben der in Figur 3 gezeigten Anordnung der Batterieeinzelzellen 2 in parallelen Reihen mit direkt benachbarten Durchbrüchen 8 können diese Reihen auch um den halben Durchmesser einer der Batterieeinzelzellen 2 versetzt zueinander ausgebildet werden. Damit ist der in der Darstellung der Figur 4 gezeigte Zellverbinder 5 erhältlich, welcher durch die dichtere Anordnung der Batterieeinzelzellen insgesamt Bauraum einspart. In addition to the arrangement of the individual battery cells 2 shown in FIG. 3 in parallel rows with directly adjacent openings 8, these rows can also be offset from one another by half the diameter of one of the individual battery cells 2. The cell connector 5 shown in FIG. 4 is thus available, which saves installation space overall due to the denser arrangement of the individual battery cells.
Mehrere derartige Zellverbinder 5, wie sie beispielsweise in Figur 3 oder Figur 4 dargestellt sind, können auch untereinander zu einer größeren Einheit verbunden werden. Dies ist in der Darstellung der Figur 5 am Beispiel von zwei Zellverbindern 5 gemäß Figur 4 entsprechend angedeutet. Das Verbinden erfolgt hier ebenfalls über Schweißnähte 6, welche in der Darstellung der Figur 5 wiederum in weißer Farbe dargestellt sind, und welche ebenfalls als partielle Schweißnähte 6, also mit Unterbrechungen zwischen einzelnen Längenabschnitten der Schweißnaht ausgebildet sind. Several cell connectors 5 of this type, as shown for example in FIG. 3 or FIG. 4, can also be connected to one another to form a larger unit. This is indicated accordingly in the representation of FIG. 5 using the example of two cell connectors 5 according to FIG. The connection also takes place here via weld seams 6, which are again shown in white in the illustration in FIG.
Die Batterieeinzelzellen 2 bei den bisher gezeigten Aufbauten waren dabei immer durch das Material des Zellverbinders 5 voneinander beabstandet, so dass sich die einzelnen Abschnitte der becherförmigen Außengehäuse 3 nicht berühren. Dies ermöglicht beispielsweise das Durchleiten eines Kühlmediums, beispielsweise eines gasförmigen oder flüssigen Kühlmediums zur Temperierung der Batterieeinzelzellen 2. Alternativ dazu können sowohl bei der nicht versetzten Anordnung gemäß Figur 3 als auch bei der versetzten Anordnung gemäß Figur 4 die becherförmigen Außengehäuse 3 der Batterieeinzelzellen 2 sich berühren. The individual battery cells 2 in the structures shown so far were always spaced apart from one another by the material of the cell connector 5, so that the individual sections of the cup-shaped outer housing 3 do not touch. This allows, for example, a cooling medium to be passed through, for example a gaseous or liquid cooling medium, for temperature control of the individual battery cells 2. Alternatively, the cup-shaped outer housing 3 of the individual battery cells 2 can touch one another both in the non-staggered arrangement according to FIG. 3 and in the staggered arrangement according to FIG .
Prinzipiell kann das Material für die Zellverbinder 5 ein beliebiges einerseits zum Schweißen und andererseits zur elektrischen Leitung geeignetes Material eingesetzt werden. Beispielsweise können Kupferbauteile oder andere Bauteile Verwendung finden. Besonders günstig ist es jedoch, wenn ein vergleichbarer oder sogar identischer Werkstoff sowohl für die becherförmigen Außengehäuse 3 als auch für den oder die Zellverbinder 5 eingesetzt wird. Dies kann beispielsweise Aluminium bzw. eine Aluminiumlegierung sein, wobei die Legierungen der becherförmigen Außengehäuse 3 und des Zellverbinders 5 nicht unbedingt identische Legierungsbestandteile in derselben Menge aufweisen müssen. Als Alternative zum Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung ist beispielsweise auch vernickelter Stahl als Bauteil denkbar. Ein solcher speziell für den Einsatz in Batteriemodulen konzipierter Werkstoff wird beispielsweise unter dem Markennamen Hilumin angeboten. In principle, the material for the cell connectors 5 can be any material that is suitable for welding on the one hand and for electrical conduction on the other hand. For example, copper components or other components can be used. However, it is particularly favorable if a comparable or even identical material is used both for the cup-shaped outer housing 3 and for the cell connector(s) 5 . This can be aluminum or an aluminum alloy, for example, with the alloys of the cup-shaped outer housing 3 and the cell connector 5 do not necessarily have to have identical alloy components in the same quantity. As an alternative to aluminum or an aluminum alloy, nickel-plated steel is also conceivable as a component. Such a material, specially designed for use in battery modules, is available under the brand name Hilumin, for example.

Claims

9 9
Patentansprüche Batteriemodul (1) mit mehreren zylindrischen Batterieeinzelzellen (2), deren einen Batteriepol ein becherförmiges Außengehäuse (3) ausbildet, welches über einen Zellverbinder (5) elektrisch kontaktiert ist, wobei zur elektrisch parallelen Verschaltung der becherförmige Außengehäuse (3) mehrerer Batterieeinzelzellen (2) der Zellverbinder (5) mit mehreren Kontaktbereichen ausgebildet ist, von welchen jeder mit einer im becherförmigen Batterieaußengehäuse (3) umfangsseitig korrespondierenden Formgebung ausgebildet ist, wobei der Kontaktbereich zumindest über einen Teil des Umfangs des becherförmigen Außengehäuses (3) an diesem anliegt und zumindest in einem Abschnitt des Kontaktbereichs mit dem becherförmigen Außengehäuse (3) verschweißt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Zellverbinder (5) als flächiges Element mit Durchbrüchen (8) zum Durchstecken der Batterieeinzelzellen (2) ausgebildet ist, wobei jeder der Durchbrüche (8) einen Kontaktbereich für eine durchgesteckte Batterieeinzelzelle (2) ausbildet. Batteriemodul (1) nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Durchbrüche (8) in zueinander um den halben Durchmesser eines Durchbruchs (8) versetzten Reihen ausgebildet sind. Batteriemodul (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kontaktbereiche über eine partielle Schweißnaht (6) mit den becherförmigen Außengehäusen (3) verbunden sind. Batteriemodul (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mehrere der Zellverbinder (5) miteinander durch Verschweißen kontaktiert und verbunden sind. Batteriemodul (1) nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zellverbinder (5) über eine partielle Schweißnaht (6) miteinander verbunden sind. Batteriemodul (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die nicht durch die becherförmigen Außengehäuse (3) gebildeten Batteriepole über ein Zellterminal (7) verbunden sind. Batteriemodul (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zellverbinder (5) und die becherförmigen Außengehäuse (3) aus einem vergleichbaren, insbesondere identischen Werkstoff ausgebildet sind. Batteriemodul (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schweißverbindungen durch Laserschweißen realisiert sind. Battery module (1) with several cylindrical individual battery cells (2), one battery pole of which forms a cup-shaped outer housing (3) which is electrically contacted via a cell connector (5), the cup-shaped outer housing (3) of several individual battery cells (2 ) the cell connector (5) is designed with a plurality of contact areas, each of which is designed with a shape that corresponds to the circumference of the cup-shaped outer battery housing (3), the contact area bearing against the cup-shaped outer housing (3) at least over part of its circumference and at least in a section of the contact area is welded to the cup-shaped outer housing (3), characterized in that the cell connector (5) is designed as a flat element with openings (8) for inserting the individual battery cells (2), each of the openings (8) having a contact area forms for a plug-through single battery cell (2). Battery module (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the openings (8) are formed in rows which are offset in relation to one another by half the diameter of an opening (8). Battery module (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the contact areas are connected to the cup-shaped outer housings (3) via a partial weld seam (6). Battery module (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a plurality of the cell connectors (5) are contacted and connected to one another by welding. Battery module (1) according to Claim 4, characterized in that the cell connectors (5) are connected to one another via a partial weld seam (6). Battery module (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the battery poles which are not formed by the cup-shaped outer housing (3) are connected via a cell terminal (7). Battery module (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the cell connectors (5) and the cup-shaped outer housing (3) are made from a comparable, in particular identical material. Battery module (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the welded connections are realized by laser welding.
PCT/EP2022/085035 2021-12-16 2022-12-08 Battery module having a plurality of cylindrical single battery cells WO2023110633A1 (en)

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