WO2023104501A1 - Device and method for overvoltage limitation - Google Patents

Device and method for overvoltage limitation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023104501A1
WO2023104501A1 PCT/EP2022/082753 EP2022082753W WO2023104501A1 WO 2023104501 A1 WO2023104501 A1 WO 2023104501A1 EP 2022082753 W EP2022082753 W EP 2022082753W WO 2023104501 A1 WO2023104501 A1 WO 2023104501A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
overvoltage
event
limitation
voltage
jump
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2022/082753
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Yannick Chauvet
Jean-Paul Sambira
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2023104501A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023104501A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/04—Arrangements for preventing response to transient abnormal conditions, e.g. to lightning or to short duration over voltage or oscillations; Damping the influence of dc component by short circuits in ac networks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
    • G01R19/16566—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533
    • G01R19/1659—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533 to indicate that the value is within or outside a predetermined range of values (window)

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device and a method for overvoltage limitation.
  • overvoltage protection is often connected upstream, which protects the downstream components against overvoltage events.
  • This has the advantage that less voltage-resistant but cheaper electronic components can be used.
  • the overvoltage disturbances are characterized by the so-called "load dump" pulses.
  • the overvoltage is well above 60V.
  • the load dump pulses have a duration of less than 1s.
  • a circuit 10 for overvoltage protection is known from the prior art, with load dump pulses being intercepted, see Figure 1.
  • FIG. 1 shows an input V_Bat_Extern, reverse polarity protection 12, a load dump diode 14 and an overvoltage limiter 16.
  • the voltage at an output V_BAT_intern is limited to voltages that are less than 50V, in particular less than 40V.
  • the polarity reversal protection 12 protects against negative voltages.
  • the circuit 10 includes a voltage detection and transistor control 20.
  • the output voltage V_BAT_intern should be limited.
  • the output voltage V_BAT_intern is limited by the overvoltage limiter 16.
  • the overvoltage limiter 16 works in a similar way to a switching or two-point controller. However, the voltage limitation in this way is currently only possible for a limited time. There is a risk that the overvoltage protection itself will be overloaded in the event of overvoltages lasting longer.
  • a parasitic inductance 22 of the wiring harness is unavoidable, but represents a problem. If the overvoltage limiter 16 limits the voltage V_BAT_intern by switching off, a current I continues to flow through the inductance. The current must be reduced in the load dump diode 14. With the required currents and the required switching frequency, the diode can do this for the duration of a load-dump pulse, but not for the duration of a jump-start pulse. The problem is therefore not the load dump pulse, but the significantly longer jump start pulse, which would destroy the diode.
  • the problem can be solved in that the voltage limitation only begins above the jump-start voltage of 49.9 V. furthermore, a capacitor 24 could be placed to absorb the energy. However, the capacitance of the capacitor must be large due to the ripple currents, resulting in a structurally large capacitor.
  • the present invention avoids greater additional expenditure on components. A distinction is made between a load dump event and a jump start event.
  • the invention disclosure proposes measures to avoid overvoltages that distinguish between a "load dump” and a "jump start” event.
  • a time monitoring is implemented. This exploits the fact that the longest load dump pulse never lasts longer than ls and is repeated after e.g. 60 s at the earliest. The highest jump-start voltage never exceeds 49.9 V.
  • FIG. 1 shows a circuit from the prior art.
  • FIG. 2 shows a circuit 10 according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a circuit 10 according to the invention.
  • the circuit 10 has an input V_Bat_Extern, a load dump diode 14 and an overvoltage limiter 16 .
  • the voltage is limited at an output V_BAT_intern to voltages that are less than 50V, in particular less than 40V.
  • the circuit 10 includes a voltage detection and transistor control 20.
  • the overvoltage events can be distinguished from one another as follows:
  • Load Dump The longest load dump pulse lasts a maximum of 1s and is repeated after 60s at the earliest.
  • Jump-Start The highest jump-start voltage does not exceed 49.9V.
  • a time monitoring 30 distinguishes the overvoltage events. If the overvoltage limitation is active for less than ls, it is a load dump event. If the overvoltage limitation is active longer than ls, it is a jump-start event. In this case, the voltage limitation is terminated by the time monitoring.
  • the next load dump event occurs again after 60s at the earliest. For this reason, the voltage limitation by the time control is only released again after 50s at the earliest.
  • the time monitoring has a comparator 32 , a logic gate 34 which evaluates a logical AND, a time limit 36 , a signal memory 38 and an event counter 40 .
  • the comparator 32 releases a new load dump only after 50s and when a voltage has fallen below.
  • a load-dump event and a jump-start event do not occur at the same time.
  • a new load dump limitation is only released after 50s and when the voltage falls below a certain level through the comparator together with the logic gate.
  • the time monitoring 36 realizes whether it is a load dump event or a jump start event. If the overvoltage limiter works longer than ls, it is a jump-start event. In this case, the overvoltage limitation is switched off for protection.
  • Jump start events are not critical with regard to the duration of the voltage limitation, but the number of switch-off pulses per time unit is problematic. With each switch-off pulse, current flows through the parasitic inductance, which has to be dissipated. Thus, instead of a time limit, the number of switch-off pulses can also be reduced. The counter counts the shutdowns. If the maximum counter reading is reached, the overvoltage limiter is switched off to protect it.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and a method for overvoltage monitoring of at least two overvoltage events by means of a temporal monitoring and an overvoltage limitation.

Description

Beschreibung Description
Titel title
Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Überspannungsbegrenzung Apparatus and method for overvoltage limitation
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur Überspannungsbegrenzung. The invention relates to a device and a method for overvoltage limitation.
Stand der Technik State of the art
Nutzfahrzeuge haben verglichen mit PKW oft erhöhte Anforderungen an die Robustheit der Motorsteuergeräte gegenüber Überspannungs-Störungen auf dem Spannungsversorgungsbordnetz. Compared to passenger cars, commercial vehicles often have higher demands on the robustness of the engine control units with regard to overvoltage disturbances on the on-board power supply system.
Daher ist oft ein Überspannungsschutz vorgeschaltet, der die nachgeschalteten Komponenten gegen Überspannungsereignisse schützt. Das hat den Vorteil, dass die weniger spannungsfesten aber preisgünstigeren Elektronik-Komponenten verwendet werden können. Therefore, overvoltage protection is often connected upstream, which protects the downstream components against overvoltage events. This has the advantage that less voltage-resistant but cheaper electronic components can be used.
Die Überspannungsstörungen werden durch die sogenannten „Load-Dump“ Pulse charakterisiert. Dabei liegt die Überspannung deutlich über 60V. Die Load-Dump-Pulse haben eine zeitliche Länge von kleiner ls. The overvoltage disturbances are characterized by the so-called "load dump" pulses. The overvoltage is well above 60V. The load dump pulses have a duration of less than 1s.
Es kommen jedoch immer öfter Forderungen nach Robustheit gegenüber einem „48V Jump-Start“ -Überspannungsereignis auf. Zwar treten beim „48V Jump-Start“ geringere Überspannungen als beim „Load-Dump“ auf. Dafür ist die zeitliche Dauer mit bis zu 10min deutlich größer. Bisheriger Überspannungsschutz kann die Spannung kurzzeitig abfangen, wird aber bei der geforderten Dauer selbst zerstört, wenn nicht in Zusatzbauteile investiert wird. Der längste Load-Dump-Puls dauert nie länger als ls und wiederholt sich frühestens nach 60s. Die höchste Jump-Start-Spannung überschreitet 49,9 V nicht. However, demands for robustness against a "48V jump-start" overvoltage event are becoming more common. The overvoltages that occur with "48V Jump-Start" are lower than with "Load-Dump". The duration of up to 10 minutes is significantly longer. Existing overvoltage protection can absorb the voltage for a short time, but will itself be destroyed over the required period if no investment is made in additional components. The longest load dump pulse never lasts longer than ls and is repeated after 60s at the earliest. The highest jump-start voltage does not exceed 49.9V.
Aus dem Stand der Technik ist eine Schaltung 10 zum Überspannungsschutz bekannt, wobei Load-Dump Pulse abgefangen werden, siehe Figur 1. A circuit 10 for overvoltage protection is known from the prior art, with load dump pulses being intercepted, see Figure 1.
Figur 1 zeigt einen Eingang V_Bat_Extern, einen Verpolschutz 12, eine Load-Dump- Diode 14 und eine Überspannungsbegrenzung 16. Die Spannung wird an einem Ausgang V_BAT_intern auf Spannungen, die kleiner als 50V, insbesondere kleiner als 40V sind, begrenzt. Der Verpolschutz 12 schützt gegen negative Spannungen. FIG. 1 shows an input V_Bat_Extern, reverse polarity protection 12, a load dump diode 14 and an overvoltage limiter 16. The voltage at an output V_BAT_intern is limited to voltages that are less than 50V, in particular less than 40V. The polarity reversal protection 12 protects against negative voltages.
Weiterhin umfasst die Schaltung 10 eine Spannungserfassung und Transistorsteuerung 20. Furthermore, the circuit 10 includes a voltage detection and transistor control 20.
Im Falle einer Überspannung an V_BAT_Extern soll die Ausgangsspannung V_BAT_intern begrenzt werden. Die Ausgangsspannung V_BAT_intern wird durch die Überspannungsbegrenzung 16 begrenzt. Die Überspannungsbegrenzung 16 arbeitet dabei ähnlich wie ein Schalt- oder Zweipunktregler. Jedoch ist die Spannungsbegrenzung auf diese Art Stand heute nur zeitlich begrenzt möglich. Es besteht die Gefahr, dass der Überspannungsschutz bei zeitlich länger dauernden Überspannungen selbst überlastet wird. In the event of an overvoltage at V_BAT_Extern, the output voltage V_BAT_intern should be limited. The output voltage V_BAT_intern is limited by the overvoltage limiter 16. The overvoltage limiter 16 works in a similar way to a switching or two-point controller. However, the voltage limitation in this way is currently only possible for a limited time. There is a risk that the overvoltage protection itself will be overloaded in the event of overvoltages lasting longer.
Eine parasitäre Induktivität 22 des Kabelbaums ist unvermeidlich, stellt jedoch ein Problem dar. Begrenzt die Überspannungsbegrenzung 16 die Spannung V_BAT_intern durch Abschalten, fließt ein Strom I durch die Induktivität nach. Der Strom muss in der Load-Dump-Diode 14 abgebaut werden. Bei den geforderten Strömen und der benötigten Schaltfrequenz kann das die Diode zwar für die Dauer eines Load-Dump Pulses, für die Dauer eines Jump-Start Pulses jedoch nicht. Das Problem ist daher nicht der Load-Dump Puls, sondern der zeitlich deutlich längere Jump-Start Puls, der die Diode zerstören würde. A parasitic inductance 22 of the wiring harness is unavoidable, but represents a problem. If the overvoltage limiter 16 limits the voltage V_BAT_intern by switching off, a current I continues to flow through the inductance. The current must be reduced in the load dump diode 14. With the required currents and the required switching frequency, the diode can do this for the duration of a load-dump pulse, but not for the duration of a jump-start pulse. The problem is therefore not the load dump pulse, but the significantly longer jump start pulse, which would destroy the diode.
Im Stand der Technik lässt sich das Problem dadurch lösen, dass die Spannungsbegrenzung erst oberhalb der Jump-Start Spannung von 49,9 V beginnt. weiterhin könnte ein Kondensator 24 platziert werden, der die Energie aufnimmt. Jedoch muss die Kapazität des Kondensators aufgrund der Rippleströme groß sein, was zu einem baulich großen Kondensator führt. In the prior art, the problem can be solved in that the voltage limitation only begins above the jump-start voltage of 49.9 V. furthermore, a capacitor 24 could be placed to absorb the energy. However, the capacitance of the capacitor must be large due to the ripple currents, resulting in a structurally large capacitor.
Es können auch spannungsfestere Komponenten verwendet werden. Jedoch sind damit Mehrkosten zu erwarten. Higher voltage-resistant components can also be used. However, additional costs are to be expected.
Offenbarung der Erfindung Disclosure of Invention
Die vorliegende Erfindung vermeidet größeren Zusatzaufwand an Bauteilen. Es wird zwischen einem Load-Dump-Ereignis und einem Jump-Start-Ereignis unterschieden. The present invention avoids greater additional expenditure on components. A distinction is made between a load dump event and a jump start event.
In der Erfindungsmeldung werden Maßnahmen zur Vermeidung von Überspannungen vorgeschlagen, die zwischen einem „Load-Dump“- und einem „Jump-Start“-Ereignis unterscheiden. Hierbei wird eine zeitliche Überwachung realisiert. Es wird dabei ausgenutzt, dass der längste Load-Dump-Puls nie länger als ls dauert und sich frühestens nach z.B. 60 s wiederholt. Die höchste Jump- Start Spannung überschreitet nie 49,9 V. The invention disclosure proposes measures to avoid overvoltages that distinguish between a "load dump" and a "jump start" event. Here, a time monitoring is implemented. This exploits the fact that the longest load dump pulse never lasts longer than ls and is repeated after e.g. 60 s at the earliest. The highest jump-start voltage never exceeds 49.9 V.
Zeichnungen drawings
Figur 1 zeigt eine Schaltung aus dem Stand der Technik. FIG. 1 shows a circuit from the prior art.
Figur 2 zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Schaltung 10. Figure 2 shows a circuit 10 according to the invention.
Beschreibung Description
Figur 2 zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Schaltung 10. Die Schaltung 10 weisst einen Eingang V_Bat_Extern, eine Load-Dump-Diode 14 und eine Überspannungsbegrenzung 16 auf. Die Spannung wird an einem Ausgang V_BAT_intern auf Spannungen, die kleiner als 50V, insbesondere kleiner als 40V sind, begrenzt. FIG. 2 shows a circuit 10 according to the invention. The circuit 10 has an input V_Bat_Extern, a load dump diode 14 and an overvoltage limiter 16 . The voltage is limited at an output V_BAT_intern to voltages that are less than 50V, in particular less than 40V.
Weiterhin umfasst die Schaltung 10 eine Spannungserfassung und Transistorsteuerung 20. Die Überspannungsereignisse sind wie folgt voneinander abgrenzbar: Furthermore, the circuit 10 includes a voltage detection and transistor control 20. The overvoltage events can be distinguished from one another as follows:
Load Dump: Der längste Load-Dump-Puls dauert maximal ls und wiederholt sich frühestens nach 60s. Load Dump: The longest load dump pulse lasts a maximum of 1s and is repeated after 60s at the earliest.
Jump-Start: Die höchste Jump-Start Spannung überschreitet 49,9V nicht. Jump-Start: The highest jump-start voltage does not exceed 49.9V.
Eine zeitliche Überwachung 30 unterscheidet die Überspannungsereignisse. Ist die Überspannungsbegrenzung kürzer als ls aktiv, ist es ein Load-Dump Ereignis. Ist die Überspannungsbegrenzung länger als ls aktiv, ist es ein Jump-Start Ereignis. In dem Fall wird die Spannungsbegrenzung durch die zeitliche Überwachung beendet. A time monitoring 30 distinguishes the overvoltage events. If the overvoltage limitation is active for less than ls, it is a load dump event. If the overvoltage limitation is active longer than ls, it is a jump-start event. In this case, the voltage limitation is terminated by the time monitoring.
Das nächste Load-Dump Ereignis tritt frühestens nach 60s wieder auf. Aus diesem Grund wird die Spannungsbegrenzung durch die zeitliche Steuerung erst nach frühestens 50s wieder frei gegeben. Die zeitlche Überwachung weist dabei einem Komparator 32, ein Logikgatter 34, das ein logisches UND auswertet, eine Zeitbegrenzung 36, einen Signalspeicher 38 und einen Ereigniszähler 40 auf. The next load dump event occurs again after 60s at the earliest. For this reason, the voltage limitation by the time control is only released again after 50s at the earliest. The time monitoring has a comparator 32 , a logic gate 34 which evaluates a logical AND, a time limit 36 , a signal memory 38 and an event counter 40 .
Der Komparator 32 gibt erst nach 50s und dem Unterscheiten einer Spannung einen neue Load dump Frei. Ein Load-Dump Ereignis und ein Jump-Start Ereignis treten nicht zu derselben Zeit gemeinsam auf. So wird eine erneute Load-Dump Begrenzung erst nach 50s und dem Unterschreiten einer Spannung durch den Komparator zusammen mit dem Logikgatter frei gegeben. The comparator 32 releases a new load dump only after 50s and when a voltage has fallen below. A load-dump event and a jump-start event do not occur at the same time. A new load dump limitation is only released after 50s and when the voltage falls below a certain level through the comparator together with the logic gate.
Die zeitliche Überwachung 36 realisiert, ob es ein Load-Dump Ereignis oder ein Jump- Start Ereignis ist. Arbeitet die Überspannungsbegrenzung länger als ls, ist es ein Jump-Start Ereignis. In dem Fall wird die Überspannungsbegrenzung zum Schutz abgeschaltet. The time monitoring 36 realizes whether it is a load dump event or a jump start event. If the overvoltage limiter works longer than ls, it is a jump-start event. In this case, the overvoltage limitation is switched off for protection.
Jump Start Ereignisse sind nicht hinsichtlich ihrer Dauer der Spannungsbegrenzung kritisch, sondern es sind die Anzahl der Abschaltpulse pro Zeiteinheit problematisch. Bei jedem Abschaltpuls fließt durch die parasitäte Induktivität Strom nach, der abgebaut werden muss. Somit können statt einer zeitlichen Begenzung auch die Menge der Abschaltpulse reduziert werden. Der Zähler zählt dabei die Abschaltungen. Ist der maximale Zählerstand errreicht, wird die Überspannungsbegrenzung abgeschaltet, um diese zu schützen. Jump start events are not critical with regard to the duration of the voltage limitation, but the number of switch-off pulses per time unit is problematic. With each switch-off pulse, current flows through the parasitic inductance, which has to be dissipated. Thus, instead of a time limit, the number of switch-off pulses can also be reduced. The counter counts the shutdowns. If the maximum counter reading is reached, the overvoltage limiter is switched off to protect it.

Claims

- 6 - Ansprüche - 6 - Claims
1. Verfahren zur Überspannungsüberwachung von mindestens zwei Überspannungsereignissen mittels einer zeitlichen Überwachung (30) und einer Überspannungsbegrenzung mit zumindest folgendem Schritt: 1. Method for overvoltage monitoring of at least two overvoltage events by means of time monitoring (30) and overvoltage limitation with at least the following step:
• die zeitliche Überwachung (30) unterscheidet mindestens zwei Überspannungsereignisse, wobei ein Ereginis ein Load-Dump Ereignis ist, wenn eine Überspannungsbegrenzung kürzer als ls aktiv ist und ein zweites Ereignis ein Jump-Start Ereignis ist, wenn die Überspannungsbegrenzung länger als ls aktiv ist. • The time monitoring (30) distinguishes at least two overvoltage events, one event being a load dump event if overvoltage limitation is active for less than ls and a second event being a jump-start event if overvoltage limitation is active for longer than ls.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei durch die zeitliche Überwachung die Spannungsbegrenzung beendet wird, wenn ein Jump-Start Ereignis auftritt. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the voltage limitation is terminated by the time monitoring when a jump-start event occurs.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, wobei der nächste load-dump frühestens nach 60s erneut auftritt, wobei die Spannungsbegrenzung erst nach 50s frei gegeben wird. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the next load dump occurs again after 60 s at the earliest, with the voltage limitation only being enabled after 50 s.
4. Schaltung zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3 mit einer zeitlichen Überwachung, wobei die zeitliche Überwachung mindestens einen Komparator 32, ein Logiggatter 34, eine Zeitbegrenzung 36, einen Signalspeicher 38 und einen Ereigniszähler 40 auf weist. 4. Circuit for carrying out a method according to claims 1 to 3 with a time monitoring, wherein the time monitoring has at least one comparator 32, a logic gate 34, a time limit 36, a signal memory 38 and an event counter 40 has.
PCT/EP2022/082753 2021-12-07 2022-11-22 Device and method for overvoltage limitation WO2023104501A1 (en)

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WO2011146049A1 (en) * 2010-05-18 2011-11-24 International Truck Intellectual Property Company, Llc Detection circuit for open or intermittent motor vehicle battery connection
DE112016003969T5 (en) * 2015-09-01 2018-06-14 Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur Use of a system for controlling a multi-phase rotary electric machine comprising phase-shutting means, and use of the corresponding rotary machine

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DE3435055A1 (en) 1984-09-25 1986-04-03 Wabco Westinghouse Fahrzeugbremsen GmbH, 3000 Hannover DEVICE FOR PROTECTING AN BLOCKING PROTECTION ELECTRONICS AGAINST OVERVOLTAGE
DE4439967B4 (en) 1994-11-09 2004-02-19 Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg Circuit arrangement for protection against high-energy overvoltages
DE19964097A1 (en) 1999-12-31 2001-07-26 Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd Overvoltage protection circuit for electronic unit onboard automobile has integrator receiving switch signal from overvoltage indicator for opening switch to prevent overheating
US20060087778A1 (en) 2004-10-21 2006-04-27 Hau Marvin G Load dump protection circuit
DE102016116093A1 (en) 2016-03-29 2017-10-05 DEHN + SÖHNE GmbH + Co. KG. Circuit arrangement for the protection of consumers connected to a multiphase network with under- and overvoltage shut-off function

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DE102010001713A1 (en) * 2010-02-09 2011-08-11 Robert Bosch GmbH, 70469 Method for detecting load drop in rectifier of generator arrangement i.e. starter generator of motor vehicle, involves estimating duration of voltage drop in rectifier based on characteristics of electrical parameter
WO2011146049A1 (en) * 2010-05-18 2011-11-24 International Truck Intellectual Property Company, Llc Detection circuit for open or intermittent motor vehicle battery connection
DE112016003969T5 (en) * 2015-09-01 2018-06-14 Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur Use of a system for controlling a multi-phase rotary electric machine comprising phase-shutting means, and use of the corresponding rotary machine

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