WO2023103239A1 - 一种适用于氢能手持火炬的单弹簧高压减压器 - Google Patents

一种适用于氢能手持火炬的单弹簧高压减压器 Download PDF

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WO2023103239A1
WO2023103239A1 PCT/CN2022/086011 CN2022086011W WO2023103239A1 WO 2023103239 A1 WO2023103239 A1 WO 2023103239A1 CN 2022086011 W CN2022086011 W CN 2022086011W WO 2023103239 A1 WO2023103239 A1 WO 2023103239A1
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pressure
pressure reducer
diameter
cylinder
valve
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PCT/CN2022/086011
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李晓峰
丁英仁
郑晓东
王新成
杜大喜
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北京航天动力研究所
北京航天石化技术装备工程有限公司
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Publication of WO2023103239A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023103239A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K17/00—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves
    • F16K17/02—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side
    • F16K17/04—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side spring-loaded
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K47/00—Means in valves for absorbing fluid energy
    • F16K47/04—Means in valves for absorbing fluid energy for decreasing pressure or noise level, the throttle being incorporated in the closure member

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of valves, in particular to a single-spring high-pressure reducer suitable for a hydrogen-energy handheld torch.
  • Hand-held torches that use hydrogen as fuel need to store hydrogen in gas cylinders, and the pressure of the gas cylinders can reach 70MPa G.
  • hydrogen is released from the gas cylinders, and after flowing through the pressure reducer, the pressure is greatly reduced to close to normal pressure. , to supply hydrogen to the burner.
  • the overall pressure difference from the gas cylinder to the atmospheric environment is high, but the internal space of the handheld torch is small and the total weight needs to be controlled, so a lightweight and miniaturized pressure reducer is required to meet the needs of the handheld torch.
  • the traditional pressure reducer can be divided into two types: piston type and diaphragm type according to the sensing element. After decompression, the required outlet pressure is reached. However, the inlet pressure of the pressure reducer in the hydrogen energy handheld torch exceeds 30MPa G, and the outlet pressure is about 1kPa G, which has the characteristics of high pressure difference and low flow rate.
  • the traditional pressure reducer will have the following problems in use:
  • the high pressure difference condition will lead to a larger diameter of the induction element of the first-stage decompression structure, resulting in a larger overall weight and size of the valve.
  • the traditional pressure reducer is generally a double spring structure, the valve structure is complicated, and the reliability is poor.
  • the technical problem solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a single-spring high-pressure pressure reducer suitable for hydrogen energy hand-held torches, which depressurizes high-pressure hydrogen to near normal pressure and provides the burner with a fixed flow rate
  • the hydrogen gas integrates the functions of decompression, flow control and noise reduction.
  • a single-spring high-pressure pressure reducer suitable for a hydrogen energy handheld torch including a valve body, a piston assembly, a valve cover and a spring; the upper end of the valve body is provided with a cylinder, and the outer bottom of the cylinder Steps are set; the spring is compressed and installed on the steps, the small end of the piston assembly is installed in the cylinder, the large end is installed in the inner cavity of the valve cover, and the valve body is provided with a valve communicating with the cylinder.
  • the first decompression structure, a high-pressure chamber connected to the valve inlet is arranged under the first decompression structure;
  • the second decompression structure connected to the valve outlet is arranged on the valve cover, and the piston assembly is provided with a double sealing structure, and the double sealing structure
  • the piston assembly, the valve cover and the valve body are connected together to form a low-pressure chamber of the pressure reducer; the second decompression structure communicates with the low-pressure chamber.
  • the second decompression structure is a throat hole with a noise reduction structure
  • the noise reduction structure is a plurality of noise reduction channels arranged above and below the throat hole to reduce the noise generated by high-speed gas flow.
  • the noise reduction flow channel includes a throat flow channel with a diameter of d4 above the throat hole, a throat flow channel with a diameter of d3 below the throat hole, the above two throat flow channels and the throat hole of the noise reduction structure
  • a funnel structure flow channel is arranged between them, the diameter of the small end of the flow channel of the upper funnel structure is consistent with the diameter of the throat hole, and the diameter of the small end of the flow channel of the lower funnel structure is d3.
  • the ratio d3/d2 of the diameter of the throat channel in the noise reduction channel to the diameter of the second-stage decompression structure is 1.1-2.4, preferably 1.3-1.8;
  • a number of noise-reducing flow passages are arranged above and below the second-stage decompression structure.
  • the diameter ratio d1/d2 of the first decompression structure to the second decompression structure is 1.1-2, preferably 1.4-1.7.
  • the piston assembly is composed of four stepped cylindrical surfaces whose diameters gradually increase from the small end, and the end surface of the smallest end cylindrical surface is nested with a non-metallic material used to protect the first-stage decompression structure; Set guide holes, converge to the center and communicate with the guide holes on the central axis to the inner hole of the large end; set sealing rings on the outer side of the largest end cylindrical surface and the outer side of the second small diameter cylindrical surface to realize the connection with the inner cavity of the valve cover and the valve body respectively. Cylinder seal connection.
  • the diameter ratio of the largest end cylinder to the second small diameter cylinder is 2-2.8, preferably 2.2-2.5.
  • the bottom of the cylinder of the valve body is provided with a protrusion toward the inside of the cylinder, the first decompression structure passes through the protrusion, and the protrusion corresponds to the position of the non-metallic material.
  • the direction of the inlet and outlet of the valve is coaxial with the movement direction of the spring.
  • valve cover is provided with several side holes, so that the spring installation space communicates with the atmosphere.
  • the single-spring high-pressure pressure reducer in the present invention is only composed of 4 metal parts, with simple structure, precise and small parts, and realizes the lightweight and miniaturized design of the valve.
  • the performance of the single-spring high-pressure pressure reducer in the present invention is reliable, and there is only one moving part, which is not easy to break down and has high reliability.
  • the piston assembly in the present invention adopts a double-seal structure to form a low-pressure chamber of the pressure reducer.
  • the pressure of the low-pressure chamber is related to the sensing area of the piston assembly.
  • the large end of the piston assembly is the main sensing area, and the diameter ratio of the large and small ends is 2 to 2.8, wherein The preferred range is 2.2 to 2.5.
  • a number of noise-reducing flow channels are set at the second-stage decompression structure in the present invention, and the noise-reduction flow channels are tapered and gradually expanded.
  • the ratio is 1.1-2.4, preferably 1.3-1.8; the diameter ratio of the noise-reducing channel above the second-stage decompression structure to the diameter of the second-stage decompression structure is 1.5-3.2, preferably 1.7-2.6. Effectively reduce the noise generated by high-speed gas flow.
  • valve body and valve cover in the present invention are the pressure comparison components of the pressure reducer, which reasonably distribute the proportional relationship between the pressure of the high-pressure chamber, the pressure of the low-pressure chamber, and the outlet pressure, meet the application requirements of high-pressure difference and low-flow hydrogen, and effectively reduce the difficulty of processing.
  • the direction of the inlet and outlet of the pressure reducer in the present invention is coaxial with the direction of spring movement, which saves installation space.
  • Fig. 1 is the structural representation of single spring high pressure pressure reducer of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of piston assembly
  • 1 is a valve body
  • 2 is a piston assembly
  • 3 is a valve cover
  • 4 is a spring.
  • the single spring high pressure reducer of the present invention includes a valve body 1 , a piston assembly 2 , a valve cover 3 and a spring 4 .
  • the spring 4 is installed on the upper step of the valve body 1, the small end of the piston assembly 2 is installed in the cylinder 1-1 at the upper end of the valve body, the valve body 1 and the valve cover 3 are connected by threads, so that the large end of the piston assembly 2 is in the valve cover 3 ,
  • the piston assembly 2 is provided with double sealing rings to ensure sealing.
  • the upper end of the valve body is provided with a cylinder 1-1, and a throat hole 1-2 is provided at the bottom of the cylinder 1-1, which is the first-stage decompression structure of the valve.
  • a high-pressure chamber Below the first-stage decompression structure is a high-pressure chamber, and the pressure of the high-pressure chamber is The inlet pressure of the valve is the same.
  • the piston assembly 2 is provided with double sealing rings 2-1 on the outside, and an air guide hole 2-2 is provided on the inside.
  • the piston assembly 2 is composed of a piston 2-3 and a non-metallic material 2-4 nested on the small end surface.
  • the piston is composed of four stepped cylindrical surfaces whose diameters increase sequentially. The end surface of the smallest end cylindrical surface is nested with non-metallic materials.
  • the non-metallic materials are used to protect the first stage decompression structure 1-2 of the valve body to avoid mechanical damage; Guide holes are set toward the center, converge to the center and communicate with the guide holes on the central axis to the inner hole of the large end; seal rings are set outside the cylindrical surface of the largest end and the outside of the second small-diameter cylindrical surface, that is, the double seal ring 2-1 will
  • the piston assembly, valve cover and valve body are connected together to form the low-pressure chamber of the pressure reducer.
  • the top of the valve cover 3 is provided with a throat hole 3-1, which is the second-stage decompression structure of the pressure reducer.
  • the space between the first-stage decompression structure 1-2 and the second-stage decompression structure 3-1 is a low-pressure chamber, and the low-pressure chamber
  • the pressure is related to the spring force, the sensing area of the piston assembly 2, and the second-stage decompression structure 3-1, and the pressure behind the second-stage decompression structure 3-1 is the outlet pressure.
  • the upper and lower sides of the second-stage decompression structure 3-1 are provided with noise-reducing channels. In FIG. , the flow channel gradually shrinks to 3-21 and 3-22 at a certain angle, and then gradually expands at a certain angle.
  • the noise reduction channel and the second stage The stage decompression structure can be formed by screwing or welding, which can effectively reduce the noise generated by the high-speed flow of gas.
  • the ratio of the diameter d3 of the noise-reducing channel below the second-stage decompression structure to the diameter of the second-stage decompression structure d3/d2 is 1.1-2.4, preferably 1.3-1.8, and the diameter d4 of the noise-reducing channel above the second-stage decompression structure is the same as that of the second-stage decompression structure.
  • the diameter ratio d4/d2 of the secondary decompression structure is 1.5-3.2, preferably 1.7-2.6.
  • the valve cover 3 is provided with a number of side holes 3-3, so that the installation space of the spring 4 is connected to the atmosphere, avoiding the change of the air pressure in the space caused by the movement of the spring, affecting the decompression performance, and effectively reducing the total weight of the valve.
  • the valve body 1 and the valve cover 3 are the pressure comparison components of the pressure reducer, and a two-stage decompression structure is set to reasonably distribute the pressure of the high pressure chamber, the low pressure chamber and the outlet.
  • the diameter of the two-stage decompression throat hole d1/d2 is 1.1 to 2 Preferably it is 1.4-1.7.
  • the pressure of the low-pressure chamber is directly related to the spring force, the size of the second-stage decompression structure, and the sensing area of the piston assembly.
  • the sensing area of the piston assembly is mainly determined by the diameter D1. D1/D2 is 2-2.8, wherein the preferred range is 2.2-2.5.
  • the valve body 1 and the valve cover 3 are the pressure comparison components of the pressure reducer, forming a two-stage decompression structure, the diameter ratio d1/d2 of the first stage and the second stage decompression structure is 1.1 ⁇ 2, preferably 1.4 ⁇ 1.7, and the After the high-pressure chamber, low-pressure chamber, and outlet pressure are properly distributed, the pressure reducer outputs the required outlet pressure and hydrogen flow.
  • Both the dimensions of the decompression structures d1 and d2 are larger than those of the valve port adopting the first-stage decompression structure, which reduces the processing difficulty and improves the processing accuracy.
  • the spring 4 is installed on the upper step surface 1-3 of the valve body, and the upper end fits with the bottom 2-5 of the large end of the piston assembly.
  • the spring force is balanced with the medium force on the sensing area of the piston assembly 2.
  • the direction of the inlet and outlet of the valve is the same as the spring movement direction.
  • the shaft and the radial dimension of the valve are small, saving the installation space of the valve.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Details Of Valves (AREA)
  • Safety Valves (AREA)

Abstract

一种可用于氢能手持火炬的单弹簧高压减压器，包括阀体（1）、活塞组件（2）、阀盖（3）和弹簧（4），弹簧（4）安装于阀体（1）上端台阶上，活塞组件（2）小端安装于阀体（1）上端圆筒内，阀体（1）与阀盖（3）通过螺纹连接，使活塞组件（2）大端处于阀盖（3）内，活塞组件（2）设有双密封环。单弹簧高压减压器设置两级减压结构，压力合理分配后输出所需出口压力和氢气流量，结构简单，零件精密、小巧，集减压、控流、降噪功能于一体，具有可靠性高、微型化、轻量化的特点，满足氢能手持火炬对减压器的需求。

Description

一种适用于氢能手持火炬的单弹簧高压减压器
本申请要求于2021年12月6日提交中国专利局、申请号为202111511751.6、发明名称为“一种适用于氢能手持火炬的单弹簧高压减压器”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及阀门领域，具体涉及一种适用于氢能手持火炬的单弹簧高压减压器。
背景技术
采用氢气作为燃料的手持火炬需要将氢气储存于气瓶中，其气瓶压力可达70MPa G，火炬工作时氢气从气瓶中释放，流经减压器后，压力大比例降低至接近常压，供氢给燃烧器。从气瓶到大气环境整体压差较高，但是手持火炬内部空间狭小，并且需要控制总重，因此需要轻量化、微型化的减压器，满足手持火炬的使用需求。
传统减压器按感应元件可分为活塞式、膜片式两种形式，其工作原理为：以活塞或膜片为感应元件，通过感应元件所受介质力与弹簧力相平衡，经一级减压后，达到所需出口压力。但氢能手持火炬中减压器入口压力超过30MPa G，出口压力为1kPa G左右，具有高压差、低流量的特点，传统减压器在使用中会存在以下问题：
其一：高压差工况会导致一级减压结构的感应元件直径较大，导致阀门整体重量、尺寸大。
其二：低流量氢气工况会导致一级减压阀口尺寸会很小，导致加工成形困难，加工精度差。
其三：传统减压器一般为双弹簧结构，阀门结构复杂，可靠性差。
其四：传统减压器进出口方向与弹簧运动方向互相垂直或呈斜角，阀门安 装空间大。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是：克服现有技术的不足，提供一种适用于氢能手持火炬的单弹簧高压减压器，它将高压氢气减压至接近常压后，提供给燃烧器固定流量的氢气，集减压、控流、降噪功能于一体。
本发明解决技术的方案是：一种适用于氢能手持火炬的单弹簧高压减压器，包括阀体、活塞组件、阀盖和弹簧；所述阀体的上端设置圆筒，圆筒外侧底部设置台阶；所述弹簧压缩安装在所述的台阶上，活塞组件的小端安装在所述圆筒内，大端安装在阀盖内腔，所述阀体上设置与所述圆筒连通的第一减压结构，第一减压结构下方设置与阀门入口连通的高压腔；所述阀盖上设置与阀门出口连通的第二减压结构，所述活塞组件设置双密封结构，双密封结构将活塞组件、阀盖、阀体连接，共同构成减压器的低压腔；所述第二减压结构与所述低压腔连通。
优选的，所述第二减压结构为带降噪结构的喉孔，降噪结构为设置在喉孔上下的若干降噪流道，用于降低气体高速流动产生的噪音。
优选的，所述的降噪流道包括喉孔上方的直径为d4的喉孔流道，喉孔下方的直径为d3的喉孔流道，上述两个喉孔流道与降噪结构喉孔之间均设置漏斗结构流道，上方漏斗结构流道的小端直径与喉孔直径一致，下方漏斗结构流道的小端直径d3。
优选的，降噪流道中喉孔流道直径与第二级减压结构直径比d3/d2为1.1～2.4，优选1.3～1.8；d4/d2为1.5～3.2，优选1.7～2.6，可依据需要在第二级减压结构上下设置若干降噪流道。
优选的，第一减压结构与第二减压结构直径比d1/d2为1.1～2，优选为1.4～1.7。
优选的，所述的活塞组件从小端开始包括直径依次增大的四个阶梯圆柱面组成，最小端圆柱面的端面嵌套用于保护第一级减压结构的非金属材料；侧面 四周向中心设置导向孔，汇聚至中心并与中心轴线上的导向孔连通至大端内孔中；最大端圆柱面外侧以及第二小直径圆柱面外侧设置密封环，分别实现与阀盖内腔、阀体圆筒密封连接。
优选的，最大端圆柱与第二小直径圆柱直径比为2～2.8，优选为2.2～2.5。
优选的，阀体圆筒的底部设置向筒内部的凸起，所述的第一减压结构穿过所述的凸起，所述凸起与所述非金属材料的位置对应。
优选的，阀门进出口方向与弹簧运动方向同轴。
优选的，阀盖设有若干侧孔，使弹簧安装空间连通大气。
本发明与现有技术相比的有益效果是：
1、本发明中的单弹簧高压减压器仅由4个金属件组成，结构简单，零件精密、小巧，实现了阀门轻量化、微型化设计。
2、本发明中的单弹簧高压减压器性能可靠，运动部件仅一个，不易出故障，可靠性高。
3、本发明中的活塞组件采用双密封结构，形成减压器低压腔，低压腔压力与活塞组件感应面积相关，活塞组件大端为主要感应面积，大、小端直径比2～2.8，其中优选范围为2.2～2.5。
4、本发明中的第二级减压结构处设置若干降噪流道，降噪流道为渐缩渐扩形，第二级减压结构下方降噪流道与第二级减压结构直径比为1.1～2.4，优选1.3～1.8；第二级减压结构上方降噪流道与第二级减压结构直径比为1.5～3.2，优选1.7～2.6。有效降低气体高速流动产生的噪音。
5、本发明中的阀体、阀盖为减压器压力比较元件，合理分配高压腔压力、低压腔压力、出口压力比例关系，满足高压差、低流量氢气的应用需求，有效降低加工难度。
6、本发明中的减压器进出口方向与弹簧运动方向同轴，节省安装空间。
附图说明
图1为本发明单弹簧高压减压器结构示意图；
图2为活塞组件的剖视结构示意图；
图中：1是阀体，2是活塞组件，3是阀盖，4是弹簧。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步阐述。
如图1、图2所示，本发明单弹簧高压减压器，包括阀体1、活塞组件2、阀盖3和弹簧4。弹簧4安装于阀体1上端台阶上，活塞组件2小端安装于阀体上端圆筒1-1内，阀体1与阀盖3通过螺纹连接，使活塞组件2大端处于阀盖3内，活塞组件2设有双密封环，保证密封。
阀体上端设有圆筒1-1，并且在圆筒1-1底部设置喉孔1-2，为阀门第一级减压结构，第一级减压结构以下为高压腔，高压腔压力为阀门入口压力一致。
活塞组件2外部设有双密封环2-1，内部设有导气孔2-2，活塞组件2是由活塞2-3和嵌套在小端面的非金属材料2-4构成。活塞由直径依次增大的四个阶梯圆柱面组成，最小端圆柱面的端面嵌套非金属材料，非金属材料用于保护阀体第一级减压结构1-2，避免机械损伤；侧面四周向中心设置导向孔，汇聚至中心并与中心轴线上的导向孔连通至大端内孔中；最大端圆柱面外侧以及第二小直径圆柱面外侧设置密封环，即双密封环2-1将活塞组件、阀盖、阀体连接，共同构成减压器的低压腔。
阀盖3顶端设有喉孔3-1，为减压器第二级减压结构，第一级减压结构1-2至第二级减压结构3-1之间为低压腔，低压腔压力与弹簧力、活塞组件2感应面积、第二级减压结构3-1相关，第二级减压结构3-1后的压力为出口压力。,第二级减压结构3-1上、下设置降噪流道，图1中在第二级减压结构3-1上、下各设置一级降噪流道3-21、3-22，流道以一定角度渐缩至3-21、3-22处，再以一定角度渐扩，可根据需要在第二级减压结构上下设置若干降噪流道，降噪流道与第二级减压结构可通过螺接或焊接成形，有效降低气体高速流动产生的噪音。第二级减压结构下方降噪流道直径d3与第二级减压结构直径比d3/d2为1.1～2.4，优选1.3～1.8,第二级减压结构上方降噪流道直径d4与第二级减 压结构直径比d4/d2为1.5～3.2，优选1.7～2.6。阀盖3设有若干侧孔3-3，使弹簧4安装空间连通大气，避免弹簧运动导致空间气压变化，影响减压性能，同时有效降低阀门总重。阀体1、阀盖3为减压器的压力比较元件，设置两级减压结构，合理分配高压腔、低压腔、出口的压力，两级减压喉孔直径d1/d2为1.1～2，优选为1.4～1.7。低压腔压力与弹簧力、第二级减压结构尺寸、活塞组件感应面积直接相关。活塞组件感应面积主要由直径D1决定。D1/D2为2～2.8，其中优选范围为2.2～2.5。
阀体1、阀盖3为减压器的压力比较元件，构成两级减压结构，第一级与第二级减压结构直径比d1/d2为1.1～2，优选为1.4～1.7，将高压腔、低压腔、出口压力合理分配后，减压器输出所需出口压力、氢气流量。减压结构d1、d2尺寸均比采用一级减压结构的阀口尺寸大，降低了加工难度，提高了加工精度。
弹簧4安装于阀体上端台阶面1-3，上端与活塞组件大端底部2-5贴合，弹簧力与活塞组件2感应面积所受介质力相平衡，阀门进出口方向与弹簧运动方向同轴，阀门径向尺寸小，节省阀门安装空间。
本发明的工作原理如下：
当高压氢气进入阀门高压腔时，由于活塞组件与第一级减压结构处于脱离状态，氢气依次经过第一级、第二级减压结构后输出。由于第一级减压结构尺寸大于第二级，低压腔的压力随高压气体的进入逐步增加，活塞组件受到低压腔向下的介质力，开始克服向上的弹簧力，使活塞组件向下移动，至使合力趋于平衡状态。此时达到减压器的输出压力，并提供给燃烧器固定流量的氢气。
本发明虽然已以较佳实施例公开如上，但其并不是用来限定本发明，任何本领域技术人员在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，都可以利用上述揭示的方法和技术内容对本发明技术方案做出可能的变动和修改，因此，凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰，均属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。
本发明未详细说明部分属于本领域技术人员的公知常识。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种适用于氢能手持火炬的单弹簧高压减压器，其特征在于：包括阀体、活塞组件、阀盖和弹簧；所述阀体的上端设置圆筒，圆筒外侧底部设置台阶；所述弹簧压缩安装在所述的台阶上，活塞组件的小端安装在所述圆筒内，大端安装在阀盖内腔，所述阀体上设置与所述圆筒连通的第一减压结构，第一减压结构下方设置与阀门入口连通的高压腔；所述阀盖上设置与阀门出口连通的第二减压结构，所述活塞组件设置双密封结构，双密封结构将活塞组件、阀盖、阀体连接，共同构成减压器的低压腔；所述第二减压结构与所述低压腔连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的减压器，其特征在于：所述第二减压结构为带降噪结构的喉孔，降噪结构为设置在喉孔上下的若干降噪流道，用于降低气体高速流动产生的噪音。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的减压器，其特征在于：所述的降噪流道包括喉孔上方的直径为d4的喉孔流道，喉孔下方的直径为d3的喉孔流道，上述两个喉孔流道与降噪结构喉孔之间均设置漏斗结构流道，上方漏斗结构流道的小端直径与喉孔直径一致，下方漏斗结构流道的小端直径d3。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的减压器，其特征在于：降噪流道中喉孔流道直径与第二级减压结构直径比d3/d2为1.1～2.4，优选1.3～1.8；d4/d2为1.5～3.2，优选1.7～2.6，依据需要在第二级减压结构上下设置若干降噪流道。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的减压器，其特征在于：降噪流道中喉孔流道直径与第二级减压结构直径比d3/d2为1.3～1.8；d4/d2为1.7～2.6。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的减压器，其特征在于：第一减压结构与第二减压结构的直径比d1/d2为1.1～2，优选为1.4～1.7。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的减压器，其特征在于：第一减压结构与第二减压结构的直径比d1/d2为1.4～1.7。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的减压器，其特征在于：所述的活塞组件从小端开始包括直径依次增大的四个阶梯圆柱面组成，最小端圆柱面的端面嵌套用于 保护第一级减压结构的非金属材料；侧面四周向中心设置导向孔，汇聚至中心并与中心轴线上的导向孔连通至大端内孔中；最大端圆柱面外侧以及第二小直径圆柱面外侧设置密封环，分别实现与阀盖内腔、阀体圆筒密封连接。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的减压器，其特征在于：最大端圆柱与第二小直径圆柱直径比D1/D2为2～2.8，优选为2.2～2.5。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的减压器，其特征在于：最大端圆柱与第二小直径圆柱直径比D1/D2为2.2～2.5。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的减压器，其特征在于：阀体圆筒的底部设置向筒内部的凸起，所述的第一减压结构穿过所述的凸起，所述凸起与所述非金属材料的位置对应。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的减压器，其特征在于：阀门进出口方向与弹簧运动方向同轴。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的减压器，其特征在于：阀盖设有若干侧孔，使弹簧安装空间连通大气。
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