WO2023097538A1

WO2023097538A1 - Techniques for performing uniform beamforming

Info

Publication number: WO2023097538A1
Application number: PCT/CN2021/134722
Authority: WO
Inventors: Danlu Zhang; Vasanthan Raghavan; Junyi Li; Min Huang; Wei XI; Chao Wei; Yu Zhang; Hao Xu
Original assignee: Qualcomm Incorporated
Priority date: 2021-12-01
Filing date: 2021-12-01
Publication date: 2023-06-08

Abstract

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A wireless device may determine a root aperture function for use in beamforming a plurality of beams from an antenna panel of the wireless device, where the plurality of beams may include at least a first beam and additional other beams. The wireless device may scale the root aperture function to determine a plurality of scaled root aperture functions, and apply the root aperture function to formation of at least the first beam of the plurality of beams from the antenna panel. The wireless device may apply the plurality of scaled root aperture functions to formation of the additional other beams from the antenna panel in accordance with a uniform beamforming procedure such that the first beam and the additional other beams are uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude and may transmit a signal in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure.

Description

TECHNIQUES FOR PERFORMING UNIFORM BEAMFORMING

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The following relates to wireless communications, including techniques for performing uniform beamforming.

BACKGROUND

Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power) . Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) . A wireless multiple-access communications system may include one or more base stations or one or more network access nodes, each simultaneously supporting communication for multiple communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) .

In some wireless communications systems, a transmitting device may transmit a beamformed signal using elements of an antenna array to steer and form a beam. In some cases, the transmitting device may transmit the beamformed signal across a wide range of frequencies. Techniques for configuring the beamformed signal across the wide range of frequencies may be improved.

SUMMARY

The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses that support techniques for performing uniform beamforming. Generally, the described techniques provide for improved methods for a transmitting device to transmit a signal over a range of frequencies to a receiving device. The transmitting device may perform a uniform beamforming procedure to produce beams that when transmitted over different frequencies, may be received by a receiving device with a uniform spatial distribution of amplitude. As such, a UE may efficiently receive a signal (e.g., a reference signal) from the transmitting device via a single beam across the range of frequencies.

For example, a first wireless device (e.g., a transmitting device, such as a base station or a UE) may determine a root aperture function for use in beamforming a set of beams from an antenna panel of the first wireless device, where the set of beams may include at least a first beam and one or more additional other beams. The first wireless device may scale the root aperture function to determine a set of scaled root aperture functions, and may apply the root aperture function to form at least the first beam of the set of beams from the antenna panel. The first wireless device may apply the set of scaled root aperture functions to form the additional other beams from the antenna panel in accordance with a uniform beamforming procedure such that the first beam and the additional other beams are uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude. The first wireless device may transmit, to a second wireless device (e.g., a base station, a UE) , a message in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure (e.g., over a set of one or more beams uniform in at least phase over a range of frequencies) .

A method for wireless communications at a first wireless device is described. The method may include determining a root aperture function for use in beamforming a set of multiple beams from an antenna panel of the first wireless device, the set of multiple beams including at least a first beam and additional other beams, scaling the root aperture function to determine a set of multiple scaled root aperture functions, applying the root aperture function to formation of at least the first beam of the set of multiple beams from the antenna panel, applying the set of multiple scaled root aperture functions to formation of the additional other beams from the antenna panel in accordance with a uniform beamforming procedure such that the first beam and the additional other beams are uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude, and transmitting, to a second wireless device, a signal in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure.

An apparatus for wireless communications at a first wireless device is described. The apparatus may include a processor, memory coupled with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to determine a root aperture function for use in beamforming a set of multiple beams from an antenna panel of the first wireless device, the set of multiple beams including at least a first beam and additional other beams, scale the root aperture function to determine a set of multiple scaled root aperture functions, apply the root aperture function to formation of at least the first beam of the set of multiple beams from the antenna panel, apply the set of multiple scaled root aperture functions to formation of the additional other beams from the antenna panel in accordance with a uniform beamforming procedure such that the first beam and the additional other beams are uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude, and transmit, to a second wireless device, a signal in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure.

Another apparatus for wireless communications at a first wireless device is described. The apparatus may include means for determining a root aperture function for use in beamforming a set of multiple beams from an antenna panel of the first wireless device, the set of multiple beams including at least a first beam and additional other beams, means for scaling the root aperture function to determine a set of multiple scaled root aperture functions, means for applying the root aperture function to formation of at least the first beam of the set of multiple beams from the antenna panel, means for applying the set of multiple scaled root aperture functions to formation of the additional other beams from the antenna panel in accordance with a uniform beamforming procedure such that the first beam and the additional other beams are uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude, and means for transmitting, to a second wireless device, a signal in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure.

A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications at a first wireless device is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to determine a root aperture function for use in beamforming a set of multiple beams from an antenna panel of the first wireless device, the set of multiple beams including at least a first beam and additional other beams, scale the root aperture function to determine a set of multiple scaled root aperture functions, apply the root aperture function to formation of at least the first beam of the set of multiple beams from the antenna panel, apply the set of multiple scaled root aperture functions to formation of the additional other beams from the antenna panel in accordance with a uniform beamforming procedure such that the first beam and the additional other beams are uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude, and transmit, to a second wireless device, a signal in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, determining the root aperture function may include operations, features, means, or instructions for calculating the root aperture function using a lowest frequency in a range of frequencies over which the signal may be transmitted.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, scaling the root aperture function may include operations, features, means, or instructions for calculating a scaled root aperture function for each frequency in a range of frequencies other than a lowest frequency in the range of frequencies, where the signal may be transmitted over the range of frequencies.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, calculating the scaled root aperture function may include operations, features, means, or instructions for calculating the scaled root aperture function for each frequency in the range of frequencies by scaling a phase, the amplitude, and an aperture size of the antenna panel by a wavelength associated with each frequency.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for calculating a separation distance between antennas of the antenna panel using a wavelength associated with a highest frequency in a range of frequencies over which the signal may be transmitted, where calculating the separation distance includes dividing the wavelength by two.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining the root aperture function may be based on the calculated separation distance.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for scaling the root aperture function may be based on the calculated separation distance.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure over a set of multiple bandwidth parts or component carriers associated with a range of frequencies over which the signal may be transmitted.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure over a set of multiple subcarriers or resource blocks associated with the set of multiple bandwidth parts based on identifying the amplitude and a phase of a beam for each of the set of multiple subcarriers or resource blocks in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, to the second wireless device, an indication that the first wireless device may be applying the uniform beamforming procedure to transmit the signal.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from the second wireless device, a feedback message including feedback information for a uniform beam based on the first wireless device transmitting the signal in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure using a holographic multiple input multiple output antenna panel.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, transmitting in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure may include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting in accordance with a two-dimensional, or a three-dimensional uniform beamforming procedure.

A method for wireless communications at a first wireless device is described. The method may include identifying that a second wireless device is communicating with the first wireless device in accordance with a uniform beamforming procedure and receiving, from the second wireless device, a signal via a set of multiple beams, where each beam of the set of multiple beams is uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude.

An apparatus for wireless communications at a first wireless device is described. The apparatus may include a processor, memory coupled with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to identify that a second wireless device is communicating with the first wireless device in accordance with a uniform beamforming procedure and receive, from the second wireless device, a signal via a set of multiple beams, where each beam of the set of multiple beams is uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude.

Another apparatus for wireless communications at a first wireless device is described. The apparatus may include means for identifying that a second wireless device is communicating with the first wireless device in accordance with a uniform beamforming procedure and means for receiving, from the second wireless device, a signal via a set of multiple beams, where each beam of the set of multiple beams is uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude.

A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications at a first wireless device is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to identify that a second wireless device is communicating with the first wireless device in accordance with a uniform beamforming procedure and receive, from the second wireless device, a signal via a set of multiple beams, where each beam of the set of multiple beams is uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from the second wireless device, an indication that the second wireless device may be applying the uniform beamforming procedure to transmit the signal, where identifying the uniform beamforming procedure may be based on the indication.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, to the second wireless device, a feedback message including feedback information for a single uniform beam based on receiving the signal via the set of multiple beams, where each beam of the set of multiple beams may be uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, receiving the signal may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving the signal over a set of multiple frequencies in a range of frequencies, where each beam of the set of multiple beams may be uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude across the set of multiple frequencies.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, receiving the signal may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving the signal over a set of multiple bandwidth parts, or component carriers associated with the range of frequencies.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, receiving the signal may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving the signal over a set of multiple subcarriers or resource blocks associated with the set of multiple bandwidth parts.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports techniques for performing uniform beamforming in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports techniques for performing uniform beamforming in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an antenna array that supports techniques for performing uniform beamforming in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a process flow that supports techniques for performing uniform beamforming in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIGs. 5 and 6 show block diagrams of devices that support techniques for performing uniform beamforming in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports techniques for performing uniform beamforming in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports techniques for performing uniform beamforming in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIGs. 9 and 10 show block diagrams of devices that support techniques for performing uniform beamforming in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports techniques for performing uniform beamforming in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 12 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports techniques for performing uniform beamforming in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIGs. 13 through 16 show flowcharts illustrating methods that support techniques for performing uniform beamforming in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A transmitting device may communicate with one or more other devices by transmitting beamformed signals, where the signal may be transmitted in a particular direction in accordance with a beam. The transmitting device may utilize antenna elements within an antenna array to steer the beam to a particular location (e.g., to form the beam) . In some cases, the transmitting device may use a single array configuration to form a beam across a set frequencies in a bandwidth. However, in some systems, such as FR4 and sub-THz systems, where the bandwidth is broad (e.g., spans a large number of frequencies on either side of the center, carrier frequency) , the beams formed at each frequency in the bandwidth may be significantly different. For example, the gain, angle, and/or beam width of the beams may vary across the wide range of frequencies. Such a phenomenon may be referred to as squinting (e.g., different beams formed across different frequencies) . Accordingly, a receiving device may monitor for a signal from the transmitting device over the range of frequencies and may receive multiple different beams across the range. In some cases, the receiving device may be configured to estimate the channel between the transmitting device and the receiving device based on the received signals and may in some cases, be configured to provide an indication of the estimated channel to the transmitting device. If the receiving device attempts to estimate the channel across the multiple beams at the different frequencies, the complexity of a channel estimation procedure and feedback procedure may increase and may increase the load on the receiving device.

To improve beamforming procedures, such as those performed across a wide range of frequencies, a transmitting device may perform a uniform beamforming procedure to produce a set of beams across a range of frequencies uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude. The transmitting device may utilize sampling theorem for which the antenna elements in an array are assumed to be separated with a distance smaller than or equal to 1/2 of the smallest wavelength (the highest frequency) over which the transmitting device is transmitting. In other words, the transmitting device may assume that the antenna elements are dense. With this assumption, the transmitting device may identify a root aperture function for the lowest frequency (the largest wavelength) , where an aperture function is the function that is applied by the transmitting device to the antenna elements (in an array) to define the properties of a beam (as if the beam were shaped by a window or aperture) . The root aperture function may refer to a baseline aperture function which, in this case, is determined based on the lowest frequency. The transmitting device may derive other aperture functions for other beams based on the root aperture function. For all other frequencies in the range (other than the lowest frequency) , the transmitting device may scale the root aperture function to determine the aperture function for a particular frequency. In some cases, each frequency may be associated with a different root aperture function.

The transmitting device may apply the root aperture function and the other identified aperture functions to the physical antenna elements across the range of frequencies. For example, the transmitting device may apply the root aperture function at the lowest frequency, and apply an identified aperture function at another frequency, and so on to produce a plurality of beams uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude across the range of frequencies.

In some cases, a transmitting device may determine whether the transmitting device is configured with the capability to generate uniform beams in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure. If the transmitting device does have the capability, the transmitting device may indicate its capability to a receiving device so that the receiving device may monitor for a single, uniform beam over the range of frequencies accordingly. Upon receiving the beamformed signal over the uniform beam, the receiving device may transmit feedback (e.g., channel estimation feedback) for a single beam rather than for multiple beams.

Particular aspects of the subject matter described herein may be implemented to realize one or more advantages. The described techniques may support improvements in transmitting beamformed signals by providing techniques for producing uniform beams across a wide range of frequencies. Such techniques may improve reliability, and improve utilization of resources, among other advantages. As such, supported techniques may include improved network operations and, in some examples, may promote network efficiencies, among other benefits.

Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communications systems. Aspects are then described with reference to an antenna array and process flow. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to techniques for performing uniform beamforming.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports techniques for performing uniform beamforming in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more base stations 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, or a New Radio (NR) network. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may support enhanced broadband communications, ultra-reliable communications, low latency communications, communications with low-cost and low-complexity devices, or any combination thereof.

The base stations 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communications system 100 and may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. The base stations 105 and the UEs 115 may wirelessly communicate via one or more communication links 125. Each base station 105 may provide a coverage area 110 over which the UEs 115 and the base station 105 may establish one or more communication links 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which a base station 105 and a UE 115 may support the communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies.

The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout a coverage area 110 of the wireless communications system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary, or mobile, or both at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1. The UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115, the base stations 105, or network equipment (e.g., core network nodes, relay devices, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes, or other network equipment) , as shown in FIG. 1.

The base stations 105 may communicate with the core network 130, or with one another, or both. For example, the base stations 105 may interface with the core network 130 through one or more backhaul links 120 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N3, or other interface) . The base stations 105 may communicate with one another over the backhaul links 120 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or other interface) either directly (e.g., directly between base stations 105) , or indirectly (e.g., via core network 130) , or both. In some examples, the backhaul links 120 may be or include one or more wireless links.

One or more of the base stations 105 described herein may include or may be referred to by a person having ordinary skill in the art as a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB or a giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB) , a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or other suitable terminology.

A UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. A UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, a UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communications (MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, or vehicles, meters, among other examples.

The UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115 that may sometimes act as relays as well as the base stations 105 and the network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other examples, as shown in FIG. 1.

The UEs 115 and the base stations 105 may wirelessly communicate with one another via one or more communication links 125 over one or more carriers. The term “carrier” may refer to a set of radio frequency spectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting the communication links 125. For example, a carrier used for a communication link 125 may include a portion of a radio frequency spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP) ) that is operated according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR) . Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information) , control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communications system 100 may support communication with a UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) component carriers.

Signal waveforms transmitted over a carrier may be made up of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) ) . In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may consist of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, where the symbol period and subcarrier spacing are inversely related. The number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both) . Thus, the more resource elements that a UE 115 receives and the higher the order of the modulation scheme, the higher the data rate may be for the UE 115. A wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of a radio frequency spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., spatial layers or beams) , and the use of multiple spatial layers may further increase the data rate or data integrity for communications with a UE 115.

The time intervals for the base stations 105 or the UEs 115 may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit which may, for example, refer to a sampling period of T _s=1/ (Δf _max·N _f) seconds, where Δf _max may represent the maximum supported subcarrier spacing, and N _f may represent the maximum supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms) ) . Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023) .

Each frame may include multiple consecutively numbered subframes or slots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a number of slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable number of slots, and the number of slots may depend on subcarrier spacing. Each slot may include a number of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period) . In some wireless communications systems 100, a slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots containing one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may contain one or more (e.g., N _f) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation.

A subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communications system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI) . In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., the number of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs) ) .

Physical channels may be multiplexed on a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed on a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET) ) for a physical control channel may be defined by a number of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of the UEs 115. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 may monitor or search control regions for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or multiple control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to a number of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs) ) associated with encoded information for a control information format having a given payload size. Search space sets may include common search space sets configured for sending control information to multiple UEs 115 and UE-specific search space sets for sending control information to a specific UE 115.

In some examples, a base station 105 may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving geographic coverage area 110. In some examples, different geographic coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 110 may be supported by the same base station 105. In other examples, the overlapping geographic coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be supported by different base stations 105. The wireless communications system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of the base stations 105 provide coverage for various geographic coverage areas 110 using the same or different radio access technologies.

The wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communications or low-latency communications, or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) . The UEs 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communications may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more services such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.

In some examples, a UE 115 may also be able to communicate directly with other UEs 115 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (e.g., using a peer-to-peer (P2P) or D2D protocol) . One or more UEs 115 utilizing D2D communications may be within the geographic coverage area 110 of a base station 105. Other UEs 115 in such a group may be outside the geographic coverage area 110 of a base station 105 or be otherwise unable to receive transmissions from a base station 105. In some examples, groups of the UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may utilize a one-to-many (1: M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to every other UE 115 in the group. In some examples, a base station 105 facilitates the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In other cases, D2D communications are carried out between the UEs 115 without the involvement of a base station 105.

The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC) , which may include at least one control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) ) and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for the UEs 115 served by the base stations 105 associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to IP services 150 for one or more network operators. The IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, Intranet (s) , an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , or a Packet-Switched Streaming Service.

Some of the network devices, such as a base station 105, may include subcomponents such as an access network entity 140, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . Each access network entity 140 may communicate with the UEs 115 through one or more other access network transmission entities 145, which may be referred to as radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission/reception points (TRPs) . Each access network transmission entity 145 may include one or more antenna panels. In some configurations, various functions of each access network entity 140 or base station 105 may be distributed across various network devices (e.g., radio heads and ANCs) or consolidated into a single network device (e.g., a base station 105) .

The wireless communications system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands, typically in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz) . Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. The UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, but the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to the UEs 115 located indoors. The transmission of UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than 100 kilometers) compared to transmission using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.

The wireless communications system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may employ License Assisted Access (LAA) , LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology in an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. When operating in unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands, devices such as the base stations 105 and the UEs 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations in unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating in a licensed band (e.g., LAA) . Operations in unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other examples.

A base station 105 or a UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of a base station 105 or a UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a base station 105 may be located in diverse geographic locations. A base station 105 may have an antenna array with a number of rows and columns of antenna ports that the base station 105 may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE 115. Likewise, a UE 115 may have one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally or alternatively, an antenna panel may support radio frequency beamforming for a signal transmitted via an antenna port.

The base stations 105 or the UEs 115 may use MIMO communications to exploit multipath signal propagation and increase the spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. Such techniques may be referred to as spatial multiplexing. The multiple signals may, for example, be transmitted by the transmitting device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Likewise, the multiple signals may be received by the receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals may be referred to as a separate spatial stream and may carry bits associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords) . Different spatial layers may be associated with different antenna ports used for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO techniques include single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) , where multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device, and multiple-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) , where multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.

Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a base station 105, a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating at particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation) .

A base station 105 or a UE 115 may use beam sweeping techniques as part of beam forming operations. For example, a base station 105 may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to conduct beamforming operations for directional communications with a UE 115. Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted by a base station 105 multiple times in different directions. For example, the base station 105 may transmit a signal according to different beamforming weight sets associated with different directions of transmission. Transmissions in different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by a transmitting device, such as a base station 105, or by a receiving device, such as a UE 115) a beam direction for later transmission or reception by the base station 105.

Some signals, such as data signals associated with a particular receiving device, may be transmitted by a base station 105 in a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with the receiving device, such as a UE 115) . In some examples, the beam direction associated with transmissions along a single beam direction may be determined based on a signal that was transmitted in one or more beam directions. For example, a UE 115 may receive one or more of the signals transmitted by the base station 105 in different directions and may report to the base station 105 an indication of the signal that the UE 115 received with a highest signal quality or an otherwise acceptable signal quality.

In some examples, transmissions by a device (e.g., by a base station 105 or a UE 115) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital precoding or radio frequency beamforming to generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from a base station 105 to a UE 115) . The UE 115 may report feedback that indicates precoding weights for one or more beam directions, and the feedback may correspond to a configured number of beams across a system bandwidth or one or more sub-bands. The base station 105 may transmit a reference signal (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) , a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) ) , which may be precoded or unprecoded. The UE 115 may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., a multi-panel type codebook, a linear combination type codebook, a port selection type codebook) . Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted in one or more directions by a base station 105, a UE 115 may employ similar techniques for transmitting signals multiple times in different directions (e.g., for identifying a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by the UE 115) or for transmitting a signal in a single direction (e.g., for transmitting data to a receiving device) .

A receiving device (e.g., a UE 115) may try multiple receive configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals from the base station 105, such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals. For example, a receiving device may try multiple receive directions by receiving via different antenna subarrays, by processing received signals according to different antenna subarrays, by receiving according to different receive beamforming weight sets (e.g., different directional listening weight sets) applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, or by processing received signals according to different receive beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as “listening” according to different receive configurations or receive directions. In some examples, a receiving device may use a single receive configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal) . The single receive configuration may be aligned in a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receive configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have a highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) , or otherwise acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions) .

In some wireless communications systems, such as wireless communications system 100, a first wireless device (e.g., a transmitting device, such as a base station 105, or UE 115) may determine a root aperture function for use in beamforming a set of beams from an antenna panel of the first wireless device. The set of beams may include at least a first beam and one or more additional other beams. The first wireless device may scale the root aperture function to determine a set of scaled root aperture functions, and may apply the root aperture function to form at least the first beam of the set of beams from the antenna panel. The first wireless device may apply the set of scaled root aperture functions to form the additional other beams from the antenna panel in accordance with a uniform beamforming procedure such that the first beam and the additional other beams are uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude. The first wireless device may transmit, to a second wireless device (e.g., a base station 105, or UE) , a message in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure (e.g., over a set of one or more beams uniform in at least phase over a range of frequencies) .

FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 200 that supports techniques for performing uniform beamforming in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 200 may include base station 105-a and UE 115-a, which may be examples of a base station 105 and a UE 115 as described with reference to FIG. 1. Base station 105-a may serve a geographic coverage area 110-a. In some cases, base station 105-a may implement a uniform beamforming procedure. Additionally or alternatively, other wireless devices, such as UE 115-a, or some other network device, may implement a same or similar procedure to produce multiple beams over a range of frequencies uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude.

A transmitting device, such as base station 105-a, may communicate with one or more other devices (e.g., LTE communications, 5G communications, 6G communications) , such as UE 115-a, by transmitting beamformed signals, where the signal may be transmitted in a particular direction in accordance with beam 205. Base station 105-a may utilize antenna elements within an antenna array, as described in more detail with reference to FIG. 3, to steer the beam 205 to a particular location (e.g., to form the beam) . Additionally, the beam (e.g., phase and amplitude of the beam) may be based on a wavelength at which the beam is transmitted. In some cases, base station 105-a may perform beamforming in accordance with 2D MIMO configurations (e.g., holographic MIMO, quasi-holographic MIMO, conventional MIMO, Intelligent Reflective Surfaces, Passive MIMO) in which base station 105-a may generate a plane wave to serve a UE 115 that is far away. In some cases, base station 105-a may perform beamforming in accordance with 3D MIMO configurations (e.g., holographic MIMO, quasi-holographic MIMO, conventional MIMO, Intelligent Reflective Surfaces, Passive MIMO) in which base station 105-a may focus energy toward a UE 115 that is nearby (e.g., as opposed to a plane wave at far distances) . In some cases, base station 105-a may utilize holographic MIMO to generate beams, where holographic MIMO may refer to a large array of controlled transmitters and receivers and may utilize a combination of signal source and optical lenses, or may utilize an electronic lens (e.g., an ultimate electronic lens) where amplitude and phase are both adjustable by the lens.

In some cases, base station 105-a may use a single array configuration to form a beam across a set frequencies in a bandwidth. However, in some systems, such as FR4 and sub-THz systems, where the bandwidth is broad (e.g., spans a large number of frequencies on either side of the center, carrier frequency) , the beams formed at each frequency in the bandwidth may be significantly different because beam patterns may be wavelength dependent. For example, the gain, angle, and/or beam width of the beams may vary across the wide range of frequencies. Such a phenomenon may be referred to as squinting (e.g., different beams formed across different frequencies) . Accordingly, UE 115-a may monitor for a signal from base station 105-a over the range of frequencies and may receive multiple different beams across the range. In some cases, UE 115-a may be configured to estimate the channel between UE 115-a and base station 105-a based on the received signals and may in some cases, be configured to provide an indication of the estimated channel to the transmitting device. The signal received by UE 115-a may be a point spread function (PSF) of the aperture of the transmitter panel of base station 105-a, where the PSF may be wavelength dependent. If UE 115-a attempts to estimate the channel across the multiple beams (e.g., multiple PSFs) at the different frequencies, the complexity of a channel estimation procedure and feedback procedure may increase and may impact the load on UE 115-a.

For example, base station 105-a may determine to transmit a signal to UE 115-a over a range of frequencies, such as a frequency range of 52.6 GHz to 71 GHz (e.g., FR4 frequency range) , which spans +/-16 percent of a center frequency. Base station 105-a may use a same antenna array configuration to transmit a signal across the range (e.g., across a bandwidth) , and due to the breadth of the range, using the same antenna array configuration (e.g., the same physical size of array, same aperture) may result in different beam widths at different frequencies because diffraction is wavelength specific. Accordingly, differing signal patterns across the range of frequencies may result, as depicted in graph 210-a where beams of different gain may be directed at different angles based on the frequency at which they are transmitted. Accordingly, UE 115-a may receive a single signal over many different beams associated with different angles.

To improve beamforming procedures, such as those performed across a wide range of frequencies, a transmitting device, such as base station 105-a (or UE 115-a) may perform a uniform beamforming procedure to produce a set of one or more beams across a range of frequencies uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude (e.g., a single antenna pattern across a range of frequencies, as depicted in graph 210-b) . Base station 105-a may achieve such a uniform beam if signal amplitude and phase of each frequency is shaped such that the resulting PSF on the image plane are the same across frequencies. Base station 105-a may utilize Fourier optics and sampling theorem to perform the uniform beamforming procedure, where in accordance with sampling theorem, the antenna elements in an array are assumed to be separated with a distance smaller than or equal to 1/2 of the smallest wavelength (the highest frequency) over which base station 105-a is transmitting. In other words, base station 105-a may assume that the antenna elements are dense. With this assumption, base station 105-a may identify a root aperture function (e.g., a transmitter function) for the lowest frequency (the largest wavelength) , where an aperture function is the function that is applied by base station 105-a to the antenna elements (in an array, an aperture) to define the properties of a beam (as if the beams were shaped by a window or aperture) . The root aperture function may refer to a baseline aperture function which, in this case, is determined based on the lowest frequency. Base station 105-a may derive other aperture functions for other beams based on the root aperture function. For all other frequencies in the range (other than the lowest frequency) , base station 105-a may scale the root aperture function to determine the aperture function for a particular frequency. For example, base station 105-a may scale the spatial size directly with wavelength and scale the signal amplitude inversely with wavelength.

Base station 105-a may apply the root aperture function and the other identified aperture functions to the physical antenna elements across the range of frequencies. For example, base station 105-a may apply the root aperture function at the lowest frequency, and apply an identified aperture function at another frequency, and so on to produce a set of beams uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude across the range of frequencies. Accordingly, base station 105-a may transmit the actual signal at each frequency with a corresponding transmitting function sampled at the physical antennas. Base station 105-a may transmit the uniform beam across a range of frequencies using a transmitter function and aperture (of a particular size) , where base station 105-a may scale the transmitter function and aperture to ensure that the UE 115-a receives the same PSF across the range of frequencies assuming that the inter-antenna element spacing is at most half of the smallest wavelength associated with the range of frequencies. In some cases, such an assumption may be relaxed if the antenna profile of each transmit antenna is angle limited.

In some cases, base station 105-a may perform the uniform beamforming procedure to produce a uniform beam across multiple bandwidth parts, or multiple component carriers. In some cases, base station 105-a may perform the uniform beamforming procedure to produce a uniform beam across multiple subcarriers or resource blocks within a bandwidth part (or component carrier) if base station 105-a is able to determine both amplitude and phase per subcarriers, or resource blocks.

In some cases, base station 105-a may determine whether base station 105-a is configured with the capability to generate uniform beams in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure. In some cases, the capability may be based on a pre-configuration of base station 105-a, and/or base station 105-a may dynamically determine such capability based on one or more network parameters (e.g., load) . If base station 105-a does support such a procedure, the base station 105-a may indicate such capability to a receiving device (e.g., via radio resource control (RRC) signaling, downlink control information (DCI) signaling, medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE) signaling) , such as UE 115-a, so that UE 115-a may monitor for a single, uniform beam over the range of frequencies accordingly. In some cases, base station 105-a may implicitly indicate to UE 115-a that base station 105-a is transmitting in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure. In some cases, base station 105-a may apply the uniform beamforming procedure such that the procedure is transparent to UE 115-a. In some cases, UE 115-a may identify that base station 105-a is performing the uniform beamforming procedure. In some cases, based on determining that base station 105-a is transmitting in accordance with a uniform beamforming procedure, UE 115-a may determine a channel estimation and feedback scheme, such as a number of resources configured for the channel estimation feedback, an indication to monitor for one beam, etc. In some cases, UE 115-a may receive an indication from base station 105-a of the channel estimation and feedback scheme to be performed based on the uniform beamforming procedure. Upon receiving the beamformed signal over the uniform beam 205, UE 115-a may transmit feedback (e.g., channel estimation feedback) to base station 105-a for a single beam rather than for multiple beams.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an antenna array 300 that supports techniques for performing uniform beamforming in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The antenna array 300 may be utilized by a transmitting device such as a base station or a UE, which may be examples of a base station and a UE as described with reference to FIGs. 1 and 2. In some cases, a transmitting device may utilize the antenna array 300 to implement a uniform beamforming procedure. Additionally or alternatively, other wireless devices, such as a UE, or some other network device, may implement a same or similar procedure to produce multiple beams over a range of frequencies uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude.

The techniques described herein may be applied to technologies such as holographic MIMO, quasi-holographic MIMO, conventional MIMO, Intelligent Reflective Surfaces, Passive MIMO, etc. In the case of Intelligent Reflective Surface, the transmitter may be an array of reflectors each of which may reflect an incoming signal with a configured phase shift and/or an amplitude attenuation such that either 2D or 3D beamforming can be achieved in the reflected wave. In some cases, an Intelligent Reflective Surface may be referred to as a transmitter because the uniform beamforming techniques may be similarly applied.

Antenna array 300 (e.g., transmitter panel) may include a number of antenna elements 305 and a transmitting device may utilize all or a subset of antenna elements of antenna array 300 to produce a particular beam (for a particular wavelength) . Antenna array 300 may be located at z=0. A transmitting device may form a plane wave (e.g., a 2D waveform) or may focus energy to form a spherical waveform (e.g., a 3D waveform) converging to a single point 310 (e.g., x ₀, y ₀, z′) . The phase term of such a 3D waveform may be represented by Equation 1.

In some cases, the signal may be observed by a receiver at point 315 (e.g., x′, y′, z′) located on the image plane. In some cases, the transmitting device may assume that

(e.g., far field) . However, in actual deployment,

may not necessarily mean

In some implementations,

and/or

may be non-negligible, such as because there is an angle in the propagation of the beam. For example, the transmitter panel (e.g., antenna array) may span a small angle with respect to the z-axis, but a receiver may be at a large angle from the z-axis. In this case, the receiver panel may span a small angle with respect to the propagation direction.

In some implementations, a phase term of a 2D waveform may be represented by exp

where

and

may represent the target beamforming angle.

Based on the theory of Green function (e.g., a signal from a single point source with a same boundary condition) , under paraxial approximation, Maxwell/Helmholtz equations, such as

may be solved in an integral form, which is the equivalent to Huygens-Fresnel principle. Accordingly, the signal at a receiver plane v may be written as a function of transmitter signal u (See Equation 2) .

where ψ=cosθ or some other function of the angle of propagation near cosθ. In some cases, ψ may approximately be equal to one.

By applying reverse propagation, the transmitter array may have a phase profile represented by Equation 3.

where

Accordingly,

and the channel between a transmitting element (x, y) and receiving element (x′, y′) may be represented by Equation 4.

Equation 4 may be equated to equation 5.

Equation 4, Equation 5, or both may be equated to Equation 6.

Equation 4, Equation 5, and/or Equation 6 may be equated to Equation 7.

In some cases, upon determining Equation 3 through 7, a transmitting device may perform an approximation based on par-axial conditions, such that

and perform manipulation of the common phase across the transmitting panel.

In some cases, the received waveform may be represented by Equation 8.

U _x′, y′=∫∫H _{x, y, x′, y′}U _x, ydxdy (8)

Equation 8 may be equated to Equation 9.

where U _x, y may be calculated by Equation 10 for a 3D waveform.

Equation 10 may be equated to Equation 11 (e.g., Equation 10 may be manipulated to become Equation 11.

where u (x, y) may represent the transmitting antenna signal profile, comb

may be equal to

and comb

may be equal to

comb

and comb

may represent the array with d _x and d _y, where d _x and d _y may represent the separation of transmitting units (e.g., antenna elements 305) . A (x) may represent the Aperture function, such as

The waveform received by a receiving device may be approximated by equation 12.

Equation 12 may be equal to Equation 13.

The spatial frequencies may be represented by

and

and the shifts from the frequency center may be represented by

and

It should be u nderstood that the techniques of uniform beamforming for a 3D waveform may be applied to the image plane, namely, the plane that is perpendicular to the z axis and the plane that includes the point (e.g., location) at which the spherical wave converges.

A 2D waveform (e.g., the received waveform in angular form from the transmitter function U (x) and U (y) , where U (x) and U (y) may represent amplitude and frequency) may be represented by Equation 14.

where

(e.g., Fourier Transform) , if sinθ _x and sinθ _y are considered as frequency.

The spatial view may be represented by Equation 15.

Equation 15 may be equated (e.g., converted) to Equation 16.

Equation 15, Equation 16, or both may be equated (e.g., converted) to Equation 17.

Equation 15, Equation 16, and/or Equation 17 may be equated (e.g., converted) to Equation 18.

In some implementations, differences between A (x, y) and A (x-x ₀, y-y ₀) , between comb

comb

and between comb

comb

may be ignored.

If angular frequency is defined as

and

then

may be calculated by Equation 19.

In one dimension, the normalized intensity may be proportional to

The waveform from each single antenna

may provide an envelope for the composite waveform. The array may result in sampling of the envelope at frequency

and at each sample, the aperture function in the frequency domain (e.g., sinc pulse) may be duplicated. Array gain may be represented by

In some cases, a similar result may occur for the spatial frequency.

In some implementations, u (x, y) may be assumed to be equal to δ (x) δ (y) . In such cases,

which may represent the PSF (e.g., the Fourier transform of the Aperture Function) . A PSF may represent the intended convergence point of the spherical wave in 3D MIMO (e.g., the image point) or the target direction in 2D MIMO. A PSF may be shifted and duplicated by comb sampling, where dense sampling may refer to large separation between PSF copies. Shifted and duplicated PSFs may be enveloped by the signal profile from a single antenna.

The transmitter function may be a function, U (·) , of the scaled axis

Then

may be compensated in amplitude by λ. An antenna panel may be composed of discrete antenna elements 305. As described herein,

may refer to a sampling and the effect of sampling by be analyzed by using a comb function, as represented by Equation 20.

where

may refer to the transmitting antenna signal profile represented as a function of x and λ, and comb

may be equal to

and may represent the array with d _x (e.g., separation of transmitting antenna elements) .

may refer to the aperture function with axis scaled by λ and

may refer to the phase and amplitude profile as a function of x scaled by λ.

In some cases, the unit function,

may be directly specified by the antenna pattern in the angular domain,

Therefore,

the Fourier transform of

may be directly known. In some implementations,

may assumed to be the same for all wavelengths, λ’s. However, if

is not the same for all wavelengths, different wavelengths may have different signal profiles. In such cases, the beam shape may be scaled to compensate the difference.

and

may provide an envelope, or a general angular profile of the resulting signal instead of the narrow beams and therefore a precise shape of

and

may not affect the beam significantly.

As described herein, the antenna array 300 (e.g., the transmitter panel) may be an array of N antenna elements 305 (e.g., N transmitting antennas) with distance of

between each. In some cases,

may be equal to A (. ) (e.g., aperture size) and in some cases, A (. ) may assumed to be equal to one within the aperture (e.g., size D _x) and equal to zero outside the aperture. To normalize the aperture across wavelengths, a smaller wavelength may be associated with a smaller aperture size to achieve the same beam width in the angular domain. A (. ) may be proportional to wavelength. For example,

may be equal to one if

Otherwise,

may be equal to zero. As antenna element separation may be fixed (e.g.,

) , smaller wavelengths may use a smaller number of antenna elements 305 compared to larger wavelengths.

A phase and amplitude profile of a beam as a function of x scaled by λ may be represented by

In a 2D example,

may be equal to

where θ ₀ may be the targeted angle of departure. As antenna element separation may be fixed

the relative phase between adjacent antennas may be dependent on λ. Accordingly,

may be properly scaled for

In a 3D example,

may be a constant because the phase term, exp

may be canceled by propagation from origin to the image plane.

Taking the Fourier transform of Equation 20 may yield Equation 21.

Simplifying Equation 21 may result in Equation 22.

may provide an envelope in a plot of F [U (x) ] ,

may determine the targeted angle of departure, and F

may determine the width of the beam. In some cases, comb

may be convolved with

which (in effect) may copy each beam and add it to the shifted angles. As long as λ≥λ _min, F [U (x) ] may have the same shape across different wavelengths, where the difference in beams across wavelengths may be the resulting amplitude.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a process flow 400 that supports techniques for performing uniform beamforming in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process flow 400 may illustrate an example beamforming procedure for producing uniform beams across a range of frequencies. For example, a first wireless device 405 may perform a uniform beamforming procedure to transmit a signal to the second wireless device 410. The first wireless device 405 and the second wireless device 410 may be examples of the corresponding wireless devices described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 3. The first wireless device 405 and the second wireless device 410 may each be a base station, a UE, or some other network device, where the first wireless device and the second wireless device may be different devices or the same devise. Alternative examples of the following may be implemented, where some steps are performed in a different order than described or are not performed at all. In some cases, steps may include additional features not mentioned below, or further steps may be added.

At 415, the first wireless device 405 may determine a root aperture function for use in beamforming a plurality of beams from an antenna panel of the first wireless device 405, where the plurality of beams may include at least a first beam and additional other beams. Determining the root aperture function may include calculating the root aperture function using a lowest frequency in a range of frequencies over which the signal is transmitted.

At 420, the first wireless device 405 may scale the root aperture function to determine a plurality of scaled root aperture functions. Scaling the root aperture function may include calculating a scaled root aperture function for each frequency in a range of frequencies other than a lowest frequency in the range of frequencies, where the signal may be transmitted over the range of frequencies. Calculating the scaled root aperture function may include calculating the scaled root aperture function for each frequency in the range of frequencies by scaling the phase, the amplitude, and an aperture size of the antenna panel by a wavelength associated with each frequency.

In some cases, the first wireless device 405 may calculate a separation distance between antennas of the antenna panel using a wavelength associated with a highest frequency in a range of frequencies over which the signal is transmitted, wherein calculating the separation distance comprises dividing the wavelength by two. Determining the root aperture function may be based at least in part on the calculated separation distance. Scaling the root aperture function may be based at least in part on the calculated separation distance.

At 425, the first wireless device 405 may apply the root aperture function to formation of at least the first beam of the plurality of beams from the antenna panel.

At 430, the first wireless device 405 may apply the plurality of scaled root aperture functions to formation of the additional other beams from the antenna panel in accordance with a uniform beamforming procedure such that the first beam and the additional other beams may be uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude.

At 435, the first wireless device 405 may transmit, to a second wireless device 410, a signal in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure. Transmitting in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure may include transmitting in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure over a plurality of bandwidth parts or component carriers associated with a range of frequencies over which the signal is transmitted.

In some cases, transmitting in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure may include transmitting in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure over a plurality of subcarriers or resource blocks associated with the plurality of bandwidth parts based at least in part on identifying the amplitude and the phase of a beam for each of the plurality of subcarriers or resource blocks in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure. Transmitting in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure may include transmitting in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure using a holographic multiple input multiple output antenna panel. Transmitting in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure may include transmitting in accordance with a two-dimensional, or a three-dimensional uniform beamforming procedure.

In some implementations, the first wireless device 405 may transmit, to the second wireless device 410, an indication that the first wireless device is applying the uniform beamforming procedure to transmit the signal. The first wireless device 410 may receive, from the second wireless device 410, a feedback message comprising feedback information for a uniform beam based at least in part on the first wireless device transmitting the signal in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure.

FIG. 5 shows a block diagram 500 of a device 505 that supports techniques for performing uniform beamforming in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 505 may be an example of aspects of a base station 105 as described herein. The device 505 may include a receiver 510, a transmitter 515, and a communications manager 520. The device 505 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .

The receiver 510 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to techniques for performing uniform beamforming) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 505. The receiver 510 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.

The transmitter 515 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 505. For example, the transmitter 515 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to techniques for performing uniform beamforming) . In some examples, the transmitter 515 may be co-located with a receiver 510 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 515 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.

The communications manager 520, the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of techniques for performing uniform beamforming as described herein. For example, the communications manager 520, the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the functions described herein.

In some examples, the communications manager 520, the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a DSP, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, a processor and memory coupled with the processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by executing, by the processor, instructions stored in the memory) .

Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the communications manager 520, the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by a processor. If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functions of the communications manager 520, the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure) .

In some examples, the communications manager 520 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or both. For example, the communications manager 520 may receive information from the receiver 510, send information to the transmitter 515, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or both to receive information, transmit information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

The communications manager 520 may support wireless communications at a first wireless device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 520 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for determining a root aperture function for use in beamforming a set of multiple beams from an antenna panel of the first wireless device, the set of multiple beams including at least a first beam and additional other beams. The communications manager 520 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for scaling the root aperture function to determine a set of multiple scaled root aperture functions. The communications manager 520 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for applying the root aperture function to formation of at least the first beam of the set of multiple beams from the antenna panel. The communications manager 520 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for applying the set of multiple scaled root aperture functions to formation of the additional other beams from the antenna panel in accordance with a uniform beamforming procedure such that the first beam and the additional other beams are uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude. The communications manager 520 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting, to a second wireless device, a signal in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure.

By including or configuring the communications manager 520 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 505 (e.g., a processor controlling or otherwise coupled to the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, the communications manager 520, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for reduced processing, and reduced power consumption.

FIG. 6 shows a block diagram 600 of a device 605 that supports techniques for performing uniform beamforming in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 605 may be an example of aspects of a device 505 or a base station 105 as described herein. The device 605 may include a receiver 610, a transmitter 615, and a communications manager 620. The device 605 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .

The receiver 610 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to techniques for performing uniform beamforming) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 605. The receiver 610 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.

The transmitter 615 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 605. For example, the transmitter 615 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to techniques for performing uniform beamforming) . In some examples, the transmitter 615 may be co-located with a receiver 610 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 615 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.

The device 605, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of techniques for performing uniform beamforming as described herein. For example, the communications manager 620 may include a root function determination manager 625, a function scaling manager 630, a root function application manager 635, a scaled function application manager 640, a beamforming manager 645, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 620 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 520 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 620, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or both. For example, the communications manager 620 may receive information from the receiver 610, send information to the transmitter 615, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or both to receive information, transmit information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

The communications manager 620 may support wireless communications at a first wireless device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The root function determination manager 625 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for determining a root aperture function for use in beamforming a set of multiple beams from an antenna panel of the first wireless device, the set of multiple beams including at least a first beam and additional other beams. The function scaling manager 630 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for scaling the root aperture function to determine a set of multiple scaled root aperture functions. The root function application manager 635 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for applying the root aperture function to formation of at least the first beam of the set of multiple beams from the antenna panel. The scaled function application manager 640 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for applying the set of multiple scaled root aperture functions to formation of the additional other beams from the antenna panel in accordance with a uniform beamforming procedure such that the first beam and the additional other beams are uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude. The beamforming manager 645 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting, to a second wireless device, a signal in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure.

FIG. 7 shows a block diagram 700 of a communications manager 720 that supports techniques for performing uniform beamforming in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 720 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 520, a communications manager 620, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 720, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of techniques for performing uniform beamforming as described herein. For example, the communications manager 720 may include a root function determination manager 725, a function scaling manager 730, a root function application manager 735, a scaled function application manager 740, a beamforming manager 745, an antenna panel calculation manager 750, a uniform beamforming indication manager 755, a feedback message manager 760, or any combination thereof. Each of these components may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .

The communications manager 720 may support wireless communications at a first wireless device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The root function determination manager 725 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for determining a root aperture function for use in beamforming a set of multiple beams from an antenna panel of the first wireless device, the set of multiple beams including at least a first beam and additional other beams. The function scaling manager 730 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for scaling the root aperture function to determine a set of multiple scaled root aperture functions. The root function application manager 735 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for applying the root aperture function to formation of at least the first beam of the set of multiple beams from the antenna panel. The scaled function application manager 740 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for applying the set of multiple scaled root aperture functions to formation of the additional other beams from the antenna panel in accordance with a uniform beamforming procedure such that the first beam and the additional other beams are uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude. The beamforming manager 745 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting, to a second wireless device, a signal in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure.

In some examples, to support determining the root aperture function, the root function determination manager 725 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for calculating the root aperture function using a lowest frequency in a range of frequencies over which the signal is transmitted.

In some examples, to support scaling the root aperture function, the function scaling manager 730 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for calculating a scaled root aperture function for each frequency in a range of frequencies other than a lowest frequency in the range of frequencies, where the signal is transmitted over the range of frequencies.

In some examples, to support calculating the scaled root aperture function, the function scaling manager 730 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for calculating the scaled root aperture function for each frequency in the range of frequencies by scaling the phase, the amplitude, and an aperture size of the antenna panel by a wavelength associated with each frequency.

In some examples, the antenna panel calculation manager 750 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for calculating a separation distance between antennas of the antenna panel using a wavelength associated with a highest frequency in a range of frequencies over which the signal is transmitted, where calculating the separation distance includes dividing the wavelength by two.

In some examples, determining the root aperture function is based on the calculated separation distance.

In some examples, scaling the root aperture function is based on the calculated separation distance.

In some examples, to support transmitting in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure, the beamforming manager 745 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure over a set of multiple bandwidth parts or component carriers associated with a range of frequencies over which the signal is transmitted.

In some examples, to support transmitting in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure, the beamforming manager 745 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure over a set of multiple subcarriers or resource blocks associated with the set of multiple bandwidth parts based on identifying the amplitude and the phase of a beam for each of the set of multiple subcarriers or resource blocks in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure.

In some examples, the uniform beamforming indication manager 755 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting, to the second wireless device, an indication that the first wireless device is applying the uniform beamforming procedure to transmit the signal.

In some examples, the feedback message manager 760 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving, from the second wireless device, a feedback message including feedback information for a uniform beam based on the first wireless device transmitting the signal in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure.

In some examples, to support transmitting in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure, the beamforming manager 745 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure using a holographic multiple input multiple output antenna panel.

In some examples, to support transmitting in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure, the beamforming manager 745 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting in accordance with a two-dimensional, or a three-dimensional uniform beamforming procedure.

FIG. 8 shows a diagram of a system 800 including a device 805 that supports techniques for performing uniform beamforming in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 805 may be an example of or include the components of a device 505, a device 605, or a base station 105 as described herein. The device 805 may communicate wirelessly with one or more base stations 105, UEs 115, or any combination thereof. The device 805 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 820, a network communications manager 810, a transceiver 815, an antenna 825, a memory 830, code 835, a processor 840, and an inter-station communications manager 845. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 850) .

The network communications manager 810 may manage communications with a core network 130 (e.g., via one or more wired backhaul links) . For example, the network communications manager 810 may manage the transfer of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs 115.

In some cases, the device 805 may include a single antenna 825. However, in some other cases the device 805 may have more than one antenna 825, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 815 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 825, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 815 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 815 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 825 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 825. The transceiver 815, or the transceiver 815 and one or more antennas 825, may be an example of a transmitter 515, a transmitter 615, a receiver 510, a receiver 610, or any combination thereof or component thereof, as described herein.

The memory 830 may include RAM and ROM. The memory 830 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 835 including instructions that, when executed by the processor 840, cause the device 805 to perform various functions described herein. The code 835 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 835 may not be directly executable by the processor 840 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the memory 830 may contain, among other things, a BIOS which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.

The processor 840 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the processor 840 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 840. The processor 840 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 830) to cause the device 805 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting techniques for performing uniform beamforming) . For example, the device 805 or a component of the device 805 may include a processor 840 and memory 830 coupled to the processor 840, the processor 840 and memory 830 configured to perform various functions described herein.

The inter-station communications manager 845 may manage communications with other base stations 105, and may include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with UEs 115 in cooperation with other base stations 105. For example, the inter-station communications manager 845 may coordinate scheduling for transmissions to UEs 115 for various interference mitigation techniques such as beamforming or joint transmission. In some examples, the inter-station communications manager 845 may provide an X2 interface within an LTE/LTE-A wireless communications network technology to provide communication between base stations 105.

The communications manager 820 may support wireless communications at a first wireless device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 820 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for determining a root aperture function for use in beamforming a set of multiple beams from an antenna panel of the first wireless device, the set of multiple beams including at least a first beam and additional other beams. The communications manager 820 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for scaling the root aperture function to determine a set of multiple scaled root aperture functions. The communications manager 820 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for applying the root aperture function to formation of at least the first beam of the set of multiple beams from the antenna panel. The communications manager 820 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for applying the set of multiple scaled root aperture functions to formation of the additional other beams from the antenna panel in accordance with a uniform beamforming procedure such that the first beam and the additional other beams are uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude. The communications manager 820 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting, to a second wireless device, a signal in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure.

By including or configuring the communications manager 820 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 805 may support techniques for improved user experience related to reduced processing, and reduced power consumption.

In some examples, the communications manager 820 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 815, the one or more antennas 825, or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 820 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 820 may be supported by or performed by the processor 840, the memory 830, the code 835, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 835 may include instructions executable by the processor 840 to cause the device 805 to perform various aspects of techniques for performing uniform beamforming as described herein, or the processor 840 and the memory 830 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.

FIG. 9 shows a block diagram 900 of a device 905 that supports techniques for performing uniform beamforming in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 905 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 as described herein. The device 905 may include a receiver 910, a transmitter 915, and a communications manager 920. The device 905 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .

The receiver 910 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to techniques for performing uniform beamforming) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 905. The receiver 910 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.

The transmitter 915 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 905. For example, the transmitter 915 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to techniques for performing uniform beamforming) . In some examples, the transmitter 915 may be co-located with a receiver 910 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 915 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.

The communications manager 920, the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of techniques for performing uniform beamforming as described herein. For example, the communications manager 920, the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the functions described herein.

In some examples, the communications manager 920, the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, a processor and memory coupled with the processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by executing, by the processor, instructions stored in the memory) .

Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the communications manager 920, the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by a processor. If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functions of the communications manager 920, the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a central processing unit (CPU) , an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure) .

In some examples, the communications manager 920 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or both. For example, the communications manager 920 may receive information from the receiver 910, send information to the transmitter 915, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or both to receive information, transmit information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

The communications manager 920 may support wireless communications at a first wireless device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 920 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for identifying that a second wireless device is communicating with the first wireless device in accordance with a uniform beamforming procedure. The communications manager 920 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving, from the second wireless device, a signal via a set of multiple beams, where each beam of the set of multiple beams is uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude.

By including or configuring the communications manager 920 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 905 (e.g., a processor controlling or otherwise coupled to the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, the communications manager 920, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for more efficient utilization of communication resources.

FIG. 10 shows a block diagram 1000 of a device 1005 that supports techniques for performing uniform beamforming in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1005 may be an example of aspects of a device 905 or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 1005 may include a receiver 1010, a transmitter 1015, and a communications manager 1020. The device 1005 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .

The receiver 1010 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to techniques for performing uniform beamforming) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 1005. The receiver 1010 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.

The transmitter 1015 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 1005. For example, the transmitter 1015 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to techniques for performing uniform beamforming) . In some examples, the transmitter 1015 may be co-located with a receiver 1010 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 1015 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.

The device 1005, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of techniques for performing uniform beamforming as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1020 may include a uniform beamforming identification component 1025 a beam reception component 1030, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 1020 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 920 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 1020, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or both. For example, the communications manager 1020 may receive information from the receiver 1010, send information to the transmitter 1015, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 1010, the transmitter 1015, or both to receive information, transmit information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

The communications manager 1020 may support wireless communications at a first wireless device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The uniform beamforming identification component 1025 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for identifying that a second wireless device is communicating with the first wireless device in accordance with a uniform beamforming procedure. The beam reception component 1030 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving, from the second wireless device, a signal via a set of multiple beams, where each beam of the set of multiple beams is uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude.

FIG. 11 shows a block diagram 1100 of a communications manager 1120 that supports techniques for performing uniform beamforming in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 1120 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 920, a communications manager 1020, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 1120, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of techniques for performing uniform beamforming as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1120 may include a uniform beamforming identification component 1125, a beam reception component 1130, a uniform beamforming indication component 1135, a feedback transmission manager 1140, or any combination thereof. Each of these components may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .

The communications manager 1120 may support wireless communications at a first wireless device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The uniform beamforming identification component 1125 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for identifying that a second wireless device is communicating with the first wireless device in accordance with a uniform beamforming procedure. The beam reception component 1130 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving, from the second wireless device, a signal via a set of multiple beams, where each beam of the set of multiple beams is uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude.

In some examples, the uniform beamforming indication component 1135 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving, from the second wireless device, an indication that the second wireless device is applying the uniform beamforming procedure to transmit the signal, where identifying the uniform beamforming procedure is based on the indication.

In some examples, the feedback transmission manager 1140 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting, to the second wireless device, a feedback message including feedback information for a single uniform beam based on receiving the signal via the set of multiple beams, where each beam of the set of multiple beams are uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude.

In some examples, to support receiving the signal, the beam reception component 1130 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving the signal over a set of multiple frequencies in a range of frequencies, where each beam of the set of multiple beams are uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude across the set of multiple frequencies.

In some examples, to support receiving the signal, the beam reception component 1130 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving the signal over a set of multiple bandwidth parts, or component carriers associated with the range of frequencies.

In some examples, to support receiving the signal, the beam reception component 1130 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving the signal over a set of multiple subcarriers or resource blocks associated with the set of multiple bandwidth parts.

FIG. 12 shows a diagram of a system 1200 including a device 1205 that supports techniques for performing uniform beamforming in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1205 may be an example of or include the components of a device 905, a device 1005, or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 1205 may communicate wirelessly with one or more base stations 105, UEs 115, or any combination thereof. The device 1205 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 1220, an input/output (I/O) controller 1210, a transceiver 1215, an antenna 1225, a memory 1230, code 1235, and a processor 1240. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 1245) .

The I/O controller 1210 may manage input and output signals for the device 1205. The I/O controller 1210 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 1205. In some cases, the I/O controller 1210 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I/O controller 1210 may utilize an operating system such as

or another known operating system. Additionally or alternatively, the I/O controller 1210 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I/O controller 1210 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 1240. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 1205 via the I/O controller 1210 or via hardware components controlled by the I/O controller 1210.

In some cases, the device 1205 may include a single antenna 1225. However, in some other cases, the device 1205 may have more than one antenna 1225, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 1215 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 1225, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 1215 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1215 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1225 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 1225. The transceiver 1215, or the transceiver 1215 and one or more antennas 1225, may be an example of a transmitter 915, a transmitter 1015, a receiver 910, a receiver 1010, or any combination thereof or component thereof, as described herein.

The memory 1230 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 1230 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1235 including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1240, cause the device 1205 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1235 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1235 may not be directly executable by the processor 1240 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the memory 1230 may contain, among other things, a basic I/O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.

The processor 1240 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the processor 1240 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 1240. The processor 1240 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 1230) to cause the device 1205 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting techniques for performing uniform beamforming) . For example, the device 1205 or a component of the device 1205 may include a processor 1240 and memory 1230 coupled to the processor 1240, the processor 1240 and memory 1230 configured to perform various functions described herein.

The communications manager 1220 may support wireless communications at a first wireless device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1220 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for identifying that a second wireless device is communicating with the first wireless device in accordance with a uniform beamforming procedure. The communications manager 1220 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving, from the second wireless device, a signal via a set of multiple beams, where each beam of the set of multiple beams is uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude.

By including or configuring the communications manager 1220 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1205 may support techniques for, more efficient utilization of communication resources.

In some examples, the communications manager 1220 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 1215, the one or more antennas 1225, or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 1220 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 1220 may be supported by or performed by the processor 1240, the memory 1230, the code 1235, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 1235 may include instructions executable by the processor 1240 to cause the device 1205 to perform various aspects of techniques for performing uniform beamforming as described herein, or the processor 1240 and the memory 1230 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.

FIG. 13 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1300 that supports techniques for performing uniform beamforming in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1300 may be implemented by a base station or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1300 may be performed by a base station 105 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 8. In some examples, a base station may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the base station to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the base station may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.

At 1305, the method may include determining a root aperture function for use in beamforming a set of multiple beams from an antenna panel of the first wireless device, the set of multiple beams including at least a first beam and additional other beams. The operations of 1305 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1305 may be performed by a root function determination manager 725 as described with reference to FIG. 7.

At 1310, the method may include scaling the root aperture function to determine a set of multiple scaled root aperture functions. The operations of 1310 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1310 may be performed by a function scaling manager 730 as described with reference to FIG. 7.

At 1315, the method may include applying the root aperture function to formation of at least the first beam of the set of multiple beams from the antenna panel. The operations of 1315 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1315 may be performed by a root function application manager 735 as described with reference to FIG. 7.

At 1320, the method may include applying the set of multiple scaled root aperture functions to formation of the additional other beams from the antenna panel in accordance with a uniform beamforming procedure such that the first beam and the additional other beams are uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude. The operations of 1320 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1320 may be performed by a scaled function application manager 740 as described with reference to FIG. 7.

At 1325, the method may include transmitting, to a second wireless device, a signal in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure. The operations of 1325 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1325 may be performed by a beamforming manager 745 as described with reference to FIG. 7.

FIG. 14 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1400 that supports techniques for performing uniform beamforming in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1400 may be implemented by a base station or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1400 may be performed by a base station 105 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 8. In some examples, a base station may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the base station to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the base station may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.

At 1405, the method may include calculating a separation distance between antennas of the antenna panel using a wavelength associated with a highest frequency in a range of frequencies over which the signal is transmitted, where calculating the separation distance includes dividing the wavelength by two. The operations of 1405 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1405 may be performed by an antenna panel calculation manager 750 as described with reference to FIG. 7.

At 1410, the method may include determining a root aperture function for use in beamforming a set of multiple beams from an antenna panel of the first wireless device, the set of multiple beams including at least a first beam and additional other beams. The operations of 1410 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1410 may be performed by a root function determination manager 725 as described with reference to FIG. 7.

At 1415, the method may include scaling the root aperture function to determine a set of multiple scaled root aperture functions. The operations of 1415 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1415 may be performed by a function scaling manager 730 as described with reference to FIG. 7.

At 1420, the method may include applying the root aperture function to formation of at least the first beam of the set of multiple beams from the antenna panel. The operations of 1420 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1420 may be performed by a root function application manager 735 as described with reference to FIG. 7.

At 1425, the method may include applying the set of multiple scaled root aperture functions to formation of the additional other beams from the antenna panel in accordance with a uniform beamforming procedure such that the first beam and the additional other beams are uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude. The operations of 1425 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1425 may be performed by a scaled function application manager 740 as described with reference to FIG. 7.

At 1430, the method may include transmitting, to a second wireless device, a signal in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure. The operations of 1430 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1430 may be performed by a beamforming manager 745 as described with reference to FIG. 7.

FIG. 15 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1500 that supports techniques for performing uniform beamforming in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1500 may be implemented by a base station or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1500 may be performed by a base station 105 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 8. In some examples, a base station may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the base station to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the base station may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.

At 1505, the method may include determining a root aperture function for use in beamforming a set of multiple beams from an antenna panel of the first wireless device, the set of multiple beams including at least a first beam and additional other beams. The operations of 1505 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1505 may be performed by a root function determination manager 725 as described with reference to FIG. 7.

At 1510, the method may include scaling the root aperture function to determine a set of multiple scaled root aperture functions. The operations of 1510 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1510 may be performed by a function scaling manager 730 as described with reference to FIG. 7.

At 1515, the method may include applying the root aperture function to formation of at least the first beam of the set of multiple beams from the antenna panel. The operations of 1515 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1515 may be performed by a root function application manager 735 as described with reference to FIG. 7.

At 1520, the method may include applying the set of multiple scaled root aperture functions to formation of the additional other beams from the antenna panel in accordance with a uniform beamforming procedure such that the first beam and the additional other beams are uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude. The operations of 1520 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1520 may be performed by a scaled function application manager 740 as described with reference to FIG. 7.

At 1525, the method may include transmitting, to the second wireless device, an indication that the first wireless device is applying the uniform beamforming procedure to transmit the signal. The operations of 1525 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1525 may be performed by a uniform beamforming indication manager 755 as described with reference to FIG. 7.

At 1530, the method may include transmitting, to a second wireless device, a signal in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure. The operations of 1530 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1530 may be performed by a beamforming manager 745 as described with reference to FIG. 7.

FIG. 16 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1600 that supports techniques for performing uniform beamforming in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1600 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1600 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 4 and 9 through 12. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.

At 1605, the method may include identifying that a second wireless device is communicating with the first wireless device in accordance with a uniform beamforming procedure. The operations of 1605 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1605 may be performed by a uniform beamforming identification component 1125 as described with reference to FIG. 11.

At 1610, the method may include receiving, from the second wireless device, a signal via a set of multiple beams, where each beam of the set of multiple beams is uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude. The operations of 1610 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1610 may be performed by a beam reception component 1130 as described with reference to FIG. 11.

The following provides an overview of aspects of the present disclosure:

Aspect 1: A method for wireless communications at a first wireless device, comprising: determining a root aperture function for use in beamforming a plurality of beams from an antenna panel of the first wireless device, the plurality of beams including at least a first beam and additional other beams; scaling the root aperture function to determine a plurality of scaled root aperture functions; applying the root aperture function to formation of at least the first beam of the plurality of beams from the antenna panel; applying the plurality of scaled root aperture functions to formation of the additional other beams from the antenna panel in accordance with a uniform beamforming procedure such that the first beam and the additional other beams are uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude; and transmitting, to a second wireless device, a signal in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure.

Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, wherein determining the root aperture function further comprises: calculating the root aperture function using a lowest frequency in a range of frequencies over which the signal is transmitted.

Aspect 3: The method of any of aspects 1 through 2, wherein scaling the root aperture function further comprises: calculating a scaled root aperture function for each frequency in a range of frequencies other than a lowest frequency in the range of frequencies, wherein the signal is transmitted over the range of frequencies.

Aspect 4: The method of aspect 3, wherein calculating the scaled root aperture function further comprises: calculating the scaled root aperture function for each frequency in the range of frequencies by scaling a phase, the amplitude, and an aperture size of the antenna panel by a wavelength associated with each frequency.

Aspect 5: The method of any of aspects 1 through 4, further comprising: calculating a separation distance between antennas of the antenna panel using a wavelength associated with a highest frequency in a range of frequencies over which the signal is transmitted, wherein calculating the separation distance comprises dividing the wavelength by two.

Aspect 6: The method of aspect 5, wherein determining the root aperture function is based at least in part on the calculated separation distance.

Aspect 7: The method of any of aspects 5 through 6, wherein scaling the root aperture function is based at least in part on the calculated separation distance.

Aspect 8: The method of any of aspects 1 through 7, wherein transmitting in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure further comprises: transmitting in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure over a plurality of bandwidth parts or component carriers associated with a range of frequencies over which the signal is transmitted.

Aspect 9: The method of aspect 8, wherein transmitting in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure further comprises: transmitting in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure over a plurality of subcarriers or resource blocks associated with the plurality of bandwidth parts based at least in part on identifying the amplitude and a phase of a beam for each of the plurality of subcarriers or resource blocks in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure.

Aspect 10: The method of any of aspects 1 through 9, further comprising: transmitting, to the second wireless device, an indication that the first wireless device is applying the uniform beamforming procedure to transmit the signal.

Aspect 11: The method of any of aspects 1 through 10, further comprising: receiving, from the second wireless device, a feedback message comprising feedback information for a uniform beam based at least in part on the first wireless device transmitting the signal in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure.

Aspect 12: The method of any of aspects 1 through 11, wherein transmitting in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure further comprises: transmitting in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure using a holographic multiple input multiple output antenna panel.

Aspect 13: The method of any of aspects 1 through 12, wherein transmitting in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure further comprises: transmitting in accordance with a two-dimensional, or a three-dimensional uniform beamforming procedure.

Aspect 14: A method for wireless communications at a first wireless device, comprising: identifying that a second wireless device is communicating with the first wireless device in accordance with a uniform beamforming procedure; and receiving, from the second wireless device, a signal via a plurality of beams, wherein each beam of the plurality of beams is uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude.

Aspect 15: The method of aspect 14, further comprising: receiving, from the second wireless device, an indication that the second wireless device is applying the uniform beamforming procedure to transmit the signal, wherein identifying the uniform beamforming procedure is based on the indication.

Aspect 16: The method of any of aspects 14 through 15, further comprising: transmitting, to the second wireless device, a feedback message comprising feedback information for a single uniform beam based at least in part on receiving the signal via the plurality of beams, wherein each beam of the plurality of beams are uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude.

Aspect 17: The method of any of aspects 14 through 16, wherein receiving the signal further comprises: receiving the signal over a plurality of frequencies in a range of frequencies, wherein each beam of the plurality of beams are uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude across the plurality of frequencies.

Aspect 18: The method of aspect 17, wherein receiving the signal further comprises: receiving the signal over a plurality of bandwidth parts, or component carriers associated with the range of frequencies.

Aspect 19: The method of aspect 18, wherein receiving the signal further comprises: receiving the signal over a plurality of subcarriers or resource blocks associated with the plurality of bandwidth parts.

Aspect 20: An apparatus for wireless communications at a first wireless device, comprising a processor; memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 13.

Aspect 21: An apparatus for wireless communications at a first wireless device, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 1 through 13.

Aspect 22: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications at a first wireless device, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 13.

Aspect 23: An apparatus for wireless communications at a first wireless device, comprising a processor; memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform a method of any of aspects 14 through 19.

Aspect 24: An apparatus for wireless communications at a first wireless device, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 14 through 19.

Aspect 25: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications at a first wireless device, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform a method of any of aspects 14 through 19.

It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.

Although aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communications systems such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, as well as other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration) .

The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.

Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) , or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. ”

The term “determine” or “determining” encompasses a wide variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database or another data structure) , ascertaining and the like. Also, “determining” can include receiving (such as receiving information) , accessing (such as accessing data in a memory) and the like. Also, “determining” can include resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing and other such similar actions.

In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label, or other subsequent reference label.

The description set forth herein, in connection with the appended drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “example” used herein means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration, ” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples. ” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.

The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

A method for wireless communications at a first wireless device, comprising:

determining a root aperture function for use in beamforming a plurality of beams from an antenna panel of the first wireless device, the plurality of beams including at least a first beam and additional other beams;

scaling the root aperture function to determine a plurality of scaled root aperture functions;

applying the root aperture function to formation of at least the first beam of the plurality of beams from the antenna panel;

applying the plurality of scaled root aperture functions to formation of the additional other beams from the antenna panel in accordance with a uniform beamforming procedure such that the first beam and the additional other beams are uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude; and

transmitting, to a second wireless device, a signal in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure.
The method of claim 1, wherein determining the root aperture function further comprises:

calculating the root aperture function using a lowest frequency in a range of frequencies over which the signal is transmitted.
The method of claim 1, wherein scaling the root aperture function further comprises:

calculating a scaled root aperture function for each frequency in a range of frequencies other than a lowest frequency in the range of frequencies, wherein the signal is transmitted over the range of frequencies.
The method of claim 3, wherein calculating the scaled root aperture function further comprises:

calculating the scaled root aperture function for each frequency in the range of frequencies by scaling a phase, the amplitude, and an aperture size of the antenna panel by a wavelength associated with each frequency.
The method of claim 1, further comprising:

calculating a separation distance between antennas of the antenna panel using a wavelength associated with a highest frequency in a range of frequencies over which the signal is transmitted, wherein calculating the separation distance comprises dividing the wavelength by two.
The method of claim 5, wherein determining the root aperture function is based at least in part on the calculated separation distance.
The method of claim 5, wherein scaling the root aperture function is based at least in part on the calculated separation distance.
The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure further comprises:

transmitting in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure over a plurality of bandwidth parts or component carriers associated with a range of frequencies over which the signal is transmitted.
The method of claim 8, wherein transmitting in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure further comprises:

transmitting in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure over a plurality of subcarriers or resource blocks associated with the plurality of bandwidth parts based at least in part on identifying the amplitude and a phase of a beam for each of the plurality of subcarriers or resource blocks in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure.
The method of claim 1, further comprising:

transmitting, to the second wireless device, an indication that the first wireless device is applying the uniform beamforming procedure to transmit the signal.
The method of claim 1, further comprising:

receiving, from the second wireless device, a feedback message comprising feedback information for a uniform beam based at least in part on the first wireless device transmitting the signal in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure.
The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure further comprises:

transmitting in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure using a holographic multiple input multiple output antenna panel.
The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure further comprises:

transmitting in accordance with a two-dimensional, or a three-dimensional uniform beamforming procedure.
A method for wireless communications at a first wireless device, comprising:

identifying that a second wireless device is communicating with the first wireless device in accordance with a uniform beamforming procedure; and

receiving, from the second wireless device, a signal via a plurality of beams, wherein each beam of the plurality of beams is uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude.
The method of claim 14, further comprising:

receiving, from the second wireless device, an indication that the second wireless device is applying the uniform beamforming procedure to transmit the signal, wherein identifying the uniform beamforming procedure is based on the indication.
The method of claim 14, further comprising:

transmitting, to the second wireless device, a feedback message comprising feedback information for a single uniform beam based at least in part on receiving the signal via the plurality of beams, wherein each beam of the plurality of beams are uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude.
The method of claim 14, wherein receiving the signal further comprises:

receiving the signal over a plurality of frequencies in a range of frequencies, wherein each beam of the plurality of beams are uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude across the plurality of frequencies.
The method of claim 17, wherein receiving the signal further comprises:

receiving the signal over a plurality of bandwidth parts, or component carriers associated with the range of frequencies.
The method of claim 18, wherein receiving the signal further comprises:

receiving the signal over a plurality of subcarriers or resource blocks associated with the plurality of bandwidth parts.
An apparatus for wireless communications at a first wireless device, comprising:

a processor;

memory coupled with the processor; and

instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:

determine a root aperture function for use in beamforming a plurality of beams from an antenna panel of the first wireless device, the plurality of beams including at least a first beam and additional other beams;

scale the root aperture function to determine a plurality of scaled root aperture functions;

apply the root aperture function to formation of at least the first beam of the plurality of beams from the antenna panel;

apply the plurality of scaled root aperture functions to formation of the additional other beams from the antenna panel in accordance with a uniform beamforming procedure such that the first beam and the additional other beams are uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude; and

transmit, to a second wireless device, a signal in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure.
The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the instructions to determine the root aperture function are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:

calculate the root aperture function using a lowest frequency in a range of frequencies over which the signal is transmitted.
The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the instructions to scale the root aperture function are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:

calculate a scaled root aperture function for each frequency in a range of frequencies other than a lowest frequency in the range of frequencies, wherein the signal is transmitted over the range of frequencies.
The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the instructions to calculate the scaled root aperture function are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:

calculate the scaled root aperture function for each frequency in the range of frequencies by scaling a phase, the amplitude, and an aperture size of the antenna panel by a wavelength associated with each frequency.
The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:

calculate a separation distance between antennas of the antenna panel using a wavelength associated with a highest frequency in a range of frequencies over which the signal is transmitted, wherein calculating the separation distance comprises dividing the wavelength by two.
The apparatus of claim 24, wherein determining the root aperture function is based at least in part on the calculated separation distance.
The apparatus of claim 24, wherein scaling the root aperture function is based at least in part on the calculated separation distance.
The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the instructions to transmit in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:

transmit in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure over a plurality of bandwidth parts or component carriers associated with a range of frequencies over which the signal is transmitted.
The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the instructions to transmit in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:

transmit in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure over a plurality of subcarriers or resource blocks associated with the plurality of bandwidth parts based at least in part on identifying the amplitude and a phase of a beam for each of the plurality of subcarriers or resource blocks in accordance with the uniform beamforming procedure.
The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:

transmit, to the second wireless device, an indication that the first wireless device is applying the uniform beamforming procedure to transmit the signal.
An apparatus for wireless communications at a first wireless device, comprising:

a processor;

memory coupled with the processor; and

instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:

identify that a second wireless device is communicating with the first wireless device in accordance with a uniform beamforming procedure; and

receive, from the second wireless device, a signal via a plurality of beams, wherein each beam of the plurality of beams is uniform in spatial distribution of amplitude.