WO2023096941A1 - Système et procédé d'application de corrections doppler pour émetteur et récepteur synchronisés dans le temps - Google Patents

Système et procédé d'application de corrections doppler pour émetteur et récepteur synchronisés dans le temps Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2023096941A1
WO2023096941A1 PCT/US2022/050800 US2022050800W WO2023096941A1 WO 2023096941 A1 WO2023096941 A1 WO 2023096941A1 US 2022050800 W US2022050800 W US 2022050800W WO 2023096941 A1 WO2023096941 A1 WO 2023096941A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
node
doppler
receiver
transmitter
pulse
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2022/050800
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
William B. SORSBY
Eric J. LOREN
Tj T. KWON
Original Assignee
Rockwell Collins, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US17/534,061 external-priority patent/US11665658B1/en
Application filed by Rockwell Collins, Inc. filed Critical Rockwell Collins, Inc.
Publication of WO2023096941A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023096941A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H04W56/0035—Synchronisation arrangements detecting errors in frequency or phase
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H04W56/001—Synchronization between nodes
    • H04W56/002—Mutual synchronization

Definitions

  • MANET Mobile Ad-hoc NETworks
  • messages networks are known in the art as quickly deployable, self-configuring wireless networks with no pre-defined network topology.
  • Each communications node within a MANET is presumed to be able to move freely. Additionally, each communications node within a MANET may be required to forward (relay) data packet traffic.
  • Data packet routing and delivery within a MANET may depend on a number of factors including, but not limited to, the number of communications nodes within the network, communications node proximity and mobility, power requirements, network bandwidth, user traffic requirements, timing requirements, and the like.
  • MANETs face many challenges due to the limited network awareness inherent in such highly dynamic, low-infrastructure communication systems. Given the broad ranges in variable spaces, the challenges lie in making good decisions based on such limited information. For example, in static networks with fixed topologies, protocols can propagate information throughout the network to determine the network structure, but in dynamic topologies this information quickly becomes stale and must be periodically refreshed. It has been suggested that directional systems are the future of MANETs, but this future has not as yet been realized. In addition to topology factors, fast-moving platforms (e.g., communications nodes moving relative to each other) experience a frequency Doppler shift (e.g., offset) due to the relative radial velocity between each set of nodes. This Doppler frequency shift often limits receive sensitivity levels which can be achieved by a node within a mobile network.
  • Doppler shift e.g., offset
  • a system may include a transmitter node and a receiver node.
  • Each node may include a communications interface including at least one antenna element and a controller operatively coupled to the communications interface, the controller including one or more processors.
  • Each node may be time synchronized to apply Doppler corrections to said node’s own motions relative to a stationary common inertial reference frame.
  • the stationary common inertial reference frame may be known to the transmitter node and the receiver node prior to the transmitter node transmitting signals to the receiver node and prior to the receiver node receiving the signals from the transmitter node.
  • a method may include time synchronizing each node of a transmitter node and a receiver node, wherein each node of the transmitter node and the receiver node comprises a communications interface including at least one antenna element, wherein each node of the transmitter node and the receiver node further comprises a controller operatively coupled to the communications interface, the controller including one or more processors.
  • the method may further include based at least on the time synchronizing, applying, by the transmitter node, Doppler corrections to the transmitter node’s own motions relative to a stationary common inertial reference frame.
  • the method may further include based at least on the time synchronizing, applying, by the receiver node, Doppler corrections to the receiver node’s own motions relative to the stationary common inertial reference frame.
  • the stationary common inertial reference frame is known to the transmitter node and the receiver node prior to the transmitter node transmitting signals to the receiver node and prior to the receiver node receiving the signals from the transmitter node.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) and individual nodes thereof according to example embodiments of this disclosure;
  • MANET mobile ad hoc network
  • FIG. 2A is a graphical representation of frequency shift profiles within the MANET of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 2B is a diagrammatic illustration of varying directional components ⁇ of the velocity vector of a transmitter node Txwith respect to the graphical representation of FIG. 2A;
  • FIG. 3A is a graphical representation of frequency shift profiles within the MANET of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3B is a diagrammatic illustration of varying angular directions ⁇ of a receiver node Rxwith respect to the graphical representation of FIG. 3A;
  • FIGS. 4A through 4C are flow diagrams illustrating a method for Doppler frequency offset determination according to example embodiments of this disclosure
  • FIG. 5 is an exemplary graph of sensitivity versus Doppler effect magnitude
  • FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic illustration of a transmitter node and a receiver node according to example embodiments of this disclosure
  • FIG. 7 is an illustration of sequential pulses showing the slipping of chip timing between pulses according to example embodiments of this disclosure;
  • FIG. 8 is a flow diagram illustrating a method according to example embodiments of this disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 is a flow diagram illustrating a method according to example embodiments of this disclosure.
  • a letter following a reference numeral is intended to reference an embodiment of the feature or element that may be similar, but not necessarily identical, to a previously described element or feature bearing the same reference numeral (e.g., 1, 1a, 1b).
  • reference numeral e.g. 1, 1a, 1b
  • Such shorthand notations are used for purposes of convenience only and should not be construed to limit the disclosure in any way unless expressly stated to the contrary.
  • any reference to “one embodiment” or “some embodiments” means that a particular element, feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment disclosed herein.
  • embodiments of the inventive concepts disclosed herein are directed to a method and a system including a transmitter node and a receiver node, which may be time synchronized to apply Doppler corrections to said node’s own motions relative to a stationary common inertial reference frame.
  • Some embodiments may include a system and method for determining relative velocity vectors, directions, and clock frequency offsets between mutually dynamic communication nodes of a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) or similar multi-node communications network. For example, via the use of omnidirectional antennas for Doppler null scanning (or, in some embodiments, directional antennas that require directional tracking via spatial scanning), directional topologies of neighbor nodes in highly dynamic network environments may be determined. Further, if Doppler null scanning knowledge is common to all nodes, receiver nodes may tune to the appropriate Doppler frequency shift to maintain full coherent sensitivity.
  • Doppler null scanning or, in some embodiments, directional antennas that require directional tracking via spatial scanning
  • receiver nodes may tune to the appropriate Doppler frequency shift to maintain full coherent sensitivity.
  • the multi-node communications network 100 may include multiple communications nodes, e.g., a transmitter (Tx) node 102 and a receiver (Rx) node 104.
  • Tx transmitter
  • Rx receiver
  • the multi-node communications network 100 may include any multi-node communications network known in the art.
  • the multi-node communications network 100 may include a mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) in which the Tx and Rx nodes 102, 104 (as well as every other communications node within the multi-node communications network) is able to move freely and independently.
  • the Tx and Rx nodes 102, 104 may include any communications node known in the art which may be communicatively coupled.
  • the Tx and Rx nodes 102, 104 may include any communications node known in the art for transmitting/transceiving data packets.
  • the Tx and Rx nodes 102, 104 may include, but are not limited to, radios, mobile phones, smart phones, tablets, smart watches, laptops, and the like.
  • the Rx node 104 of the multi-node communications network 100 may each include, but are not limited to, a respective controller 106 (e.g., control processor), memory 108, communication interface 110, and antenna elements 112.
  • controller 106 e.g., control processor
  • memory 108 e.g., memory 108
  • communication interface 110 e.g., communication interface
  • all attributes, capabilities, etc. of the Rx node 104 described below may similarly apply to the Tx node 102, and to any other communication node of the multi-node communication network 100.
  • the controller 106 provides processing functionality for at least the Rx node 104 and can include any number of processors, micro-controllers, circuitry, field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other processing systems, and resident or external memory for storing data, executable code, and other information accessed or generated by the Rx node 104.
  • the controller 106 can execute one or more software programs embodied in a non-transitory computer readable medium (e.g., memory 108) that implement techniques described herein.
  • the controller 106 is not limited by the materials from which it is formed or the processing mechanisms employed therein and, as such, can be implemented via semiconductor(s) and/or transistors (e.g., using electronic integrated circuit (IC) components), and so forth.
  • the memory 108 can be an example of tangible, computer- readable storage medium that provides storage functionality to store various data and/or program code associated with operation of the Rx node 104 and/or controller 106, such as software programs and/or code segments, or other data to instruct the controller 106, and possibly other components of the Rx node 104, to perform the functionality described herein.
  • the memory 108 can store data, such as a program of instructions for operating the Rx node 104, including its components (e.g., controller 106, communication interface 110, antenna elements 112, etc.), and so forth.
  • memory 108 can be integral with the controller 106, can comprise stand-alone memory, or can be a combination of both.
  • Some examples of the memory 108 can include removable and non-removable memory components, such as random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), flash memory (e.g., a secure digital (SD) memory card, a mini-SD memory card, and/or a micro-SD memory card), solid-state drive (SSD) memory, magnetic memory, optical memory, universal serial bus (USB) memory devices, hard disk memory, external memory, and so forth.
  • RAM random-access memory
  • ROM read-only memory
  • flash memory e.g., a secure digital (SD) memory card, a mini-SD memory card, and/or a micro-SD memory card
  • SSD solid-state drive
  • magnetic memory magnetic memory
  • optical memory optical memory
  • USB universal serial bus
  • the communication interface 110 can be operatively configured to communicate with components of the Rx node 104.
  • the communication interface 110 can be configured to retrieve data from the controller 106 or other devices (e.g., the Tx node 102 and/or other nodes), transmit data for storage in the memory 108, retrieve data from storage in the memory, and so forth.
  • the communication interface 110 can also be communicatively coupled with the controller 106 to facilitate data transfer between components of the Rx node 104 and the controller 106.
  • the communication interface 110 is described as a component of the Rx node 104, one or more components of the communication interface 110 can be implemented as external components communicatively coupled to the Rx node 104 via a wired and/or wireless connection.
  • the Rx node 104 can also include and/or connect to one or more input/output (I/O) devices.
  • the communication interface 110 includes or is coupled to a transmitter, receiver, transceiver, physical connection interface, or any combination thereof.
  • the communication interface 110 of the Rx node 104 may be configured to communicatively couple to additional communication interfaces 110 of additional communications nodes (e.g., the Tx node 102) of the multi- node communications network 100 using any wireless communication techniques known in the art including, but not limited to, GSM, GPRS, CDMA, EV-DO, EDGE, WiMAX, 3G, 4G, 4G LTE, 5G, WiFi protocols, RF, LoRa, and the like.
  • the antenna elements 112 may include directional or omnidirectional antenna elements capable of being steered or otherwise directed (e.g., via the communications interface 110) for spatial scanning in a full 360-degree arc (114) relative to the Rx node 104.
  • the Tx node 102 and Rx node 104 may both be moving in an arbitrary direction at an arbitrary speed, and may similarly be moving relative to each other.
  • the Tx node 102 may be moving relative to the Rx node 104 according to a velocity vector 116, at a relative velocity V TX and a relative angular direction (an angle ⁇ relative to an arbitrary direction 118 (e.g., due east); 6 may be the angular direction of the Rx node relative to due east.
  • the Tx node 102 may implement a Doppler nulling protocol. For example, the Tx node 102 may adjust its transmit frequency to counter the Doppler frequency offset such that there is no net frequency offset (e.g., “Doppler null”) in a Doppler nulling direction 120 (e.g., at an angle ⁇ relative to the arbitrary direction 118).
  • the transmitting waveform e.g., the communications interface 110 of the Tx node 102
  • the transmitting waveform may be informed by the platform (e.g., the controller 106) of its velocity vector and orientation (e.g., ⁇ , V T ) and may adjust its transmitting frequency to remove the Doppler frequency shift at each Doppler nulling direction 120 and angle ⁇ .
  • the Rx node may observe (e.g., monitor, measure) the net frequency offset as the Tx node 102 covers (e.g., steers to, orients to, directs antenna elements 112 to) a range of Doppler nulling directions 120 (e.g., relative to the arbitrary direction 118, each Doppler nulling direction 120 having a corresponding Doppler nulling angle ⁇ ).
  • a range of Doppler nulling directions 120 e.g., relative to the arbitrary direction 118, each Doppler nulling direction 120 having a corresponding Doppler nulling angle ⁇ .
  • the Rx node 104 may determine the magnitude of the parameter A of the velocity vector of the Tx node 102, to the degree that the Tx node covers both extremes (e.g., achieves both a minimum and a maximum velocity relative to the Rx node) such that where f is the transmitting frequency of the Tx node and c is the speed of light.
  • each frequency shift point (FSP) detected by the Rx node 104 at a given Doppler nulling direction 120 may correspond to a velocity vector of the Tx node 102 relative to the Rx node.
  • the magnitude parameter A may incorporate a maximum and minimum relative velocity.
  • the magnitude parameter A may only include relative maxima and minima for that limited range of Doppler nulling angles (e.g., as opposed to the full 360 degrees of possible Doppler nulling angles; see, for example, FIGS. 2A-3B below).
  • the Doppler nulling protocol and set of Doppler nulling directions 120 may be known to the Rx node 104 and common to all other nodes of the multi-node communications network 100.
  • the Tx node 102 may perform the Doppler nulling protocol by pointing a Doppler null in each Doppler nulling direction 120 and angle ⁇ of the set or range of directions as described above.
  • the Rx node 104 may monitor the Tx node 102 as the Doppler nulling protocol is performed and may therefore determine, and resolve, the net Doppler frequency shift for each Doppler nulling direction 120 and angle ⁇ .
  • both the Tx and Rx nodes 102, 104 may be moving relative to the arbitrary direction 118
  • monitoring of the Doppler nulling protocol by the Rx node 104 may be performed and presented in the inertial reference frame of the Rx node 104 (e.g., in terms of the movement of the Tx node 102 relative to the Rx node 104) to eliminate the need for additional vector variables corresponding to the Rx node.
  • the velocity vector of the Tx node 102 in a global reference frame may be shifted according to the velocity vector of the Rx node 104, e.g.: where is the velocity vector of the Tx node in the inertial reference frame of the Rx node and are respectively the velocity vectors of the Tx node and the Rx node in the Earth reference frame.
  • either or both of the Tx node 102 and Rx node 104 may accordingly compensate for their own velocity vectors relative to the Earth and convert any relevant velocity vectors and relative velocity distributions into a global reference frame, e.g., for distribution throughout the multi-node communications network 100.
  • the relative motion may be presented in three dimensions with the addition of vertical/z-axis components.
  • the graph 200 may plot frequency shift profiles for varying directional components ( ⁇ , FIG. 2B) of the velocity vector of the Tx node (102, FIG. 2B) relative to the Rx node (104, FIG. 2B) for multiple Doppler nulling directions (120, FIG. 1) and angles ⁇ (e.g., relative to the arbitrary direction (118, FIG. 2B)) and velocity V TX of the Tx node.
  • the graph 200 and other plots of frequency shift profiles provided below may be scaled by c/f to eliminate the ratio f/c (where, as noted above, f is the transmitting frequency of the Tx node 102 and c is the speed of light).
  • the Rx node 104 may repeat the net Doppler frequency shift determination and resolution process for multiple Doppler nulling directions 120 and angles ⁇ of the Tx node 102 (e.g., chosen at random or according to predetermined or preprogrammed protocol).
  • the Tx node 102 may scan through at least three Doppler nulling directions (202a-c, FIG. 2B)/angles ⁇ and map, via the corresponding frequency shift points, the distribution of the dependent Doppler frequency shift for each Doppler nulling direction and angle ⁇ .
  • the Doppler frequency shift is a sinusoidal distribution relative to the angle ⁇ of the Doppler nulling directions 202a-c
  • measurements at multiple Doppler nulling directions of the Tx node 102 by the Rx node 104 may generate frequency shift points (204a-c, FIG.
  • a frequency shift profile 206 may be mapped as a sinusoidal curve showing the distribution of relative velocity between the Tx and Rx nodes 102, 104 through the full range of Doppler nulling angles ⁇ (e.g., assuming the maximum and minimum relative velocities are included).
  • the amplitude of the frequency shift profile 206 may correspond to the velocity of the Tx node 102 relative to the Rx node 104.
  • the frequency shift profiles 214, 216, 218 may present as phase-offset versions of the frequency shift profile 206 (e.g., with similarly offset maximum and minimum relative velocities).
  • the frequency shift profiles 206, 214, 216, 218 may allow the Rx node 104 to derive parameters in addition to the magnitude parameter A of the velocity vector of the Tx node 102.
  • the true Doppler frequency shift due to the relative radial velocity between the Tx and Rx nodes 102, 104 may be, as seen by the Rx node: and the Tx node 102 may, per the Doppler nulling protocol, adjust the transmitting frequency f due to its velocity projection at the Doppler nulling angle ⁇ such that: and the net Doppler frequency shift, also accounting for clock frequency offset ⁇ f clock , may therefore be: assuming, for example, that the velocity vector and direction change slowly relative to periodic measurements of ⁇ f net .
  • ⁇ f net as presented above represents a net frequency offset from nominal incorporating f / c (compare, e.g., FIGS. 2A-B and accompanying text above).
  • the parameters ⁇ , T x , and ⁇ may be taken as constants, and the net frequency offset ⁇ f net may also be expressed as: where the constant parameters A, B, and C may be determined via at least three measurements of a Doppler nulling angle ⁇ .
  • A may correspond to the magnitude of the velocity vector of the Tx node 102 relative to the Rx node 104.
  • B may correspond to the directional component ⁇ of the velocity vector and C to the angular direction ⁇ of the Rx node 104.
  • the parameters ⁇ , V' T , ⁇ may be derived therefrom as can be seen above.
  • the clock frequency offset ⁇ f clock is zero it is straightforward to derive ⁇ from C above.
  • the Rx node 104 may determine ⁇ f clock by exchanging information with the Tx node 102.
  • the Tx node 102 may share this information with the Rx node 104, which may merge information from both directions to determine ⁇ and ⁇ f clock .
  • the graph 300 and multi-node communication network 100a may be implemented and may function similarly to the graph 200 and multi-node communication network 100 of FIGS. 2A and 2B, except that the graph 300 and multi-node communication network 100a may reflect a consistent zero directional component ⁇ (e.g., a Tx node (102, FIG. 3B) moving in or parallel to the arbitrary direction (118, FIG. 3B, e.g., due east)) and variable angular directions 6 of the Rx node (104, 104a-c, FIG. 3B) relative to the Tx node.
  • ⁇ e.g., a Tx node (102, FIG. 3B) moving in or parallel to the arbitrary direction (118, FIG. 3B, e.g., due east
  • variable angular directions 6 of the Rx node 104, 104a-c, FIG. 3B
  • the frequency profiles 302-308 may be shifted in amplitude (rather than in phase, as shown by the graph 200 of FIG.
  • the Doppler frequency shift varies only in magnitude (e.g., relative maximum and minimum velocities).
  • an Rx node 104a, 104d communication node enters the multi-node communication network 100a at such a position and velocity
  • a one-time determination may have to be made by other means (e.g., or by waiting for a change in Rx node velocity or in ⁇ ) to precisely determine ⁇ (e.g., +907-90°), after which determination the precise 0 can be tracked without ambiguity.
  • the Rx node 104, 104a-c may assess and determine Doppler effects due to the relative motion of the Tx node 102 by measuring time differential points (TDP) rather than FSPs.
  • TDP time differential points
  • a signal transmitted at 1 kHz by the Tx node 102 may be subject to 10 Hz of Doppler frequency shift.
  • This one- percent (1 %) change in frequency may be alternatively expressed as a differential of one percent in the time required to measure a cycle of the transmitted signal (or, e.g., any arbitrary number of cycles).
  • the Doppler effect may be precisely and equivalently characterized in either the frequency domain or the time domain.
  • each FSP (204a-c, FIG. 2A) corresponds to a measured time differential at a given Doppler nulling angle ⁇ (e.g., to a TDP) rather than to a measured frequency shift at that nulling angle.
  • the Rx node 104 may instead determine the Doppler shift to be resolved by measuring the time differential between received cycles of the transmitted signal and generating time differential profiles based on each determined set of TDPs.
  • the same information can be determined by the Rx node 104.
  • FIGS. 4A-C METHOD
  • the method 400 may be implemented by the multinode communications networks 100, 100a and may include the following steps.
  • a receiver (Rx) node of the multi-node communications network monitors a transmitter (Tx) node of the network to identify signals transmitted by the Tx node through a range of Doppler nulling angles (e.g., or a set of discrete Doppler nulling angles), the signals including adjustments to the transmitting frequency to counter Doppler frequency offset at each Doppler nulling angle.
  • the Tx node may be moving relative to the Rx node according to a velocity vector and an angular direction.
  • Each identified signal may correspond to a particular Tx frequency adjustment (e.g., a net frequency shift detected by the Rx node) at a particular Doppler nulling angle to resolve a Doppler frequency offset at that angle.
  • a controller of the Rx node determines, based on the monitoring and identified signals, a set (e.g., three or more) of frequency shift points (FSP), where each FSP corresponds to a net frequency shift of the signal.
  • each FSP may correspond to the Tx node (e.g., aware of its velocity vector and platform orientation) scanning in a Doppler nulling direction and adjusting its transmit frequency to resolve the Doppler offset at the corresponding Doppler nulling angle ⁇ according to a nulling protocol, resulting in the net frequency shift detected by the Rx node.
  • the Rx node measures the net frequency shift in the time domain rather than in the frequency domain.
  • the Rx node may measure a time differential associated with a received cycle or cycles of the identified signal, the time differential corresponding to the net frequency shift at the corresponding Doppler nulling angle.
  • the controller determines, based on the plurality of frequency shift points, a magnitude of the relative velocity vector between the Tx and Rx nodes (e.g., in the reference frame of the Rx node). For example, from the magnitude of the velocity can be derived a maximum and minimum relative velocity with respect to the range of Doppler nulling angles ⁇ .
  • the range or set of Doppler nulling angles ⁇ may be known to all nodes of the multi-node communications network (e.g., including the Rx node) and the method 400 may include the additional steps 408 and 410.
  • the Rx node maps the determined FSPs to a frequency shift profile corresponding to a distribution (e.g., a sinusoidal curve) of the ⁇ -dependent net frequency shift over all possible Doppler nulling angles ⁇ .
  • the controller further determines a phase offset of the frequency shift profile.
  • the controller determines, based on the frequency shift profile, a velocity Wand a directional component ⁇ of the velocity vector (e.g., of the Tx node 102 relative to an arbitrary direction) and the angular direction ⁇ (e.g., of the Rx node relative to the arbitrary direction).
  • the method 400 may include an additional step 412.
  • the angular direction ⁇ incorporates a clock frequency offset between the Tx and Rx nodes, which the Rx node determines based on additional information received from the Tx node.
  • the method 400 may include an additional step 414.
  • the velocity vector may be in an inertial reference frame specific to the Rx node.
  • the Rx node may convert the velocity vector from its own platform reference frame to a global reference frame.
  • FIGS. 5-8 APPLICATION OF DOPPLER CORRECTIONS
  • FIG. 5-8 illustrations pertaining to exemplary embodiments of applications of the foregoing in a system (e.g., the multi-node communications network 100) according to the inventive concepts disclosed herein are depicted.
  • detection sensitivity for weak radio signals is often limited by the Doppler effect which incidentally adds frequency shifts to the signal due to motion.
  • Doppler shift can result either from transmitter motion and/or receiver motion, often both.
  • Sensitivity caused by Doppler modulation can be characterized mathematically from the sine cardinal (sine) squared function (i.e., sin 2 (x)/x).
  • Receive sensitivity is progressively reduced as Doppler magnitude increases, as shown in FIG.
  • Signal acquisition and detection sensitivity in current modem digital communications systems are most often contingent on a digital correlation sequence.
  • Usable length for such a correlation sequence may be limited by Doppler shift as phase rotation increases across the correlator length resulting in the aforementioned sine function correlation amplitude variation relative to Doppler frequency offset.
  • optimal correlator length decreases, and a system designer should choose a correlator length suitable to the Doppler requirements.
  • Multiple short length correlation sequences are subsequently often used to allow sensitivity improvement beyond that of a single short correlation sequence but such an approach exhibits degraded sensitivity compared to a single long sequence of the same total length.
  • a short correlation sequence is relatively unaffected by Doppler but has the drawback of yielding low sensitivity, whereas a long correlation sequence may be capable of yielding high sensitivity but only when Doppler is minimal.
  • the system may include a transmitter node 102 and a receiver node 104.
  • the transmitter node 102 and the receiver node 104 can be time synchronized to apply Doppler correction respectively for their own motions relative to a common inertial reference frame. As a transmit angle advances, a receive angle retreats by a same amount as the transmit angle advance.
  • the Doppler correction can be swept through a plurality of (e.g., some or all) angles so that a zero Doppler path or near-zero Doppler path will exist from the transmitter node 102 to the receiver node 104 including the angle resulting in the near-zero Doppler path or the zero Doppler path.
  • a zero Doppler path has zero net frequency offset.
  • an angle resulting in the near-zero Doppler path may be an angle that is within 5 degrees of the angle resulting in the zero Doppler path.
  • FIG. 6 is shown for a two-dimensional reference frame, as this suffices for many line-of-sight scenarios (e.g., long-distance air-to-air communications), extension to three-dimensions is straight-forward (e.g., to support satellite communications).
  • extension to three-dimensions is straight-forward (e.g., to support satellite communications).
  • three-dimensional scan time may be somewhat longer than two-dimensional scan time but remains well bounded for many scenarios.
  • a long correlation sequence or even multiple long correlation sequences, can be employed to achieve significantly improved sensitivity relative to a short correlation sequence where the reduction in sensitivity can be predicted using the sine function.
  • the Doppler effect is often compensated in just one of the frequency domain or the time domain, without taking both into account.
  • frequency correction within a pulse may suffice.
  • the other component of Doppler correction involves the slipping of chip (or bit) timing between pulses, as illustrated in FIG. 7.
  • subsequent correction of Doppler time-error for subsequent pulses may be beneficial.
  • pulse-to-pulse timing corrected it becomes possible to additively combine pulse-to-pulse correlation scores easily, thus improving sensitivity further, beyond the sensitivity attainable with single-pulse Doppler frequency error correction. Because exact time spacing between multiple pulses can be known a priori, based on a Doppler time correction, the non-coherent combining of individual pulse scores is achievable.
  • the system may include a transmitter node 102 and a receiver node 104.
  • Each node of the transmitter node 102 and the receiver node 104 may include a communications interface 110 including at least one antenna element 112 and a controller operatively coupled to the communications interface, the controller 106 including one or more processors.
  • the transmitter node 102 and the receiver node 104 may be time synchronized to apply Doppler corrections to said node’s own motions relative to a stationary common inertial reference frame.
  • the stationary common inertial reference frame may be known to the transmitter node 102 and the receiver node 104 prior to the transmitter node 102 transmitting signals to the receiver node 104 and prior to the receiver node 104 receiving the signals from the transmitter node 102.
  • the system is a mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) comprising the transmitter node 102 and the receiver node 104.
  • MANET mobile ad-hoc network
  • the transmitter node 102 may be configured to apply the Doppler corrections relative to the stationary common inertial reference frame for a plurality of (e.g., some or all) azimuthal angles across a multi-pulse Doppler group such that each direction along one of the plurality of the azimuthal angles has a zero or near-zero Doppler time interval that would be known to the receiver node based on the time synchronization.
  • the receiver node 104 may be configured to apply the Doppler corrections relative to the stationary common inertial reference frame for the plurality of the azimuthal angles across the multi-pulse Doppler group.
  • the receiver node 104 may be configured to apply the Doppler corrections in an inverse fashion as compared to the transmitter node’s 102 application of the Doppler corrections.
  • the receiver node 104 may be further configured to receive a zero or near-zero Doppler pulse along a zero or near-zero Doppler path from the transmitter node 102 to the receiver node 104 with known time intervals.
  • a near-zero Doppler pulse may be a pulse of the multi-pulse Doppler group that is closest to an hypothetical zero Doppler pulse.
  • the Doppler corrections are in both of the frequency domain and the time domain.
  • the zero or near-zero Doppler path is unknown to the transmitter node 102 and the receiver node 104 prior to transmission of the multi-pulse Doppler group.
  • the receiver node 104 is further configured to coherently detect across relatively long correlation sequences (e.g., as compared to relatively shorter correlation sequences). In some embodiments, with time corrected pulse-to-pulse, pulse-to-pulse Doppler dispersion is non-existent.
  • the receiver node 104 based at least on the non-existent pulse-to-pulse Doppler dispersion, the receiver node 104 has an increased sensitivity of signals from the transmitter node 102 as compared to a sensitivity of signals when the receiver node 104 experiences pulse-to-pulse Doppler dispersion. In some embodiments, based at least on the non-existent pulse-to-pulse Doppler dispersion, the receiver node 104 is further configured for deep-noise detection. Deep-noise discovery, as used herein, refers to finding signals so buried under noise that signal power is less than, for example, 1 percent of noise power (an equivalent signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be stated as -20 decibels (dB)).
  • SNR signal-to-noise ratio
  • the receiver node 104 is further configured to correct Doppler time-error for subsequent pulses. In some embodiments, the receiver node 104 is further configured to additively combine pulse-to-pulse correlation scores to further improve sensitivity of the signals from the transmitter node 102.
  • the stationary common inertial reference frame is a two- dimensional (2D) stationary common inertial reference frame or a three-dimensional (3D) stationary common inertial reference frame.
  • the at least one antenna element 112 of the transmitter node 102 comprises at least one of at least one directional antenna element or at least one omnidirectional antenna element. In some embodiments, the at least one antenna element 112 of the receiver node 104 comprises at least one of at least one directional antenna element or at least one omnidirectional antenna element.
  • Some embodiments solve a well-known, long-standing problem in communications systems. For example, some embodiments may employ Doppler- nulling, long correlation sequences, geometry and timing to facilitate rapid deep-noise acquisition of signals. Historically, high-Doppler signals have been difficult to acquire, even for modest sensitivity levels and acquisition times. [0075] Traditionally, achieving deep-noise performance requires long correlation sequence length. Unfortunately, both Doppler magnitude and available processing resources tend to limit practical correlation length which can be implemented. Some embodiments outlined herein circumvent such limitations to a large extent.
  • a sparse-pulse acquisition approach presented above first applies Doppler frequency-shift correction for a single pulse to achieve high pulse acquisition sensitivity and then applies pulse-to-pulse Doppler time-shift correction to extend sensitivity looking across multiple pulses.
  • the receiver can employ coherent detection across multiple long correlation sequences.
  • Doppler time shift is corrected on a pulse-to-pulse basis, no pulse-to-pulse time dispersion exists, thus allowing for simple yet powerful deep-noise detection using relatively simple hardware and processing.
  • Some embodiments benefit both omni and directional systems.
  • sensitivity improvements may be improved by more than an order of magnitude.
  • directional systems may experience corresponding improvement in another important dimension-discovery time can be correspondingly reduced along with sensitivity increases.
  • Some embodiments may be configured for rapid deep-noise acquisition and discovery, which may be a differentiating capability (over existing systems) for emerging low-observable, wideband or directional waveforms.
  • Unreliable discovery and acquisition of directional, wideband and low observable waveforms has at times resulted in significant failures.
  • Some embodiments include a high-reliability solution. Increased performance in signal discovery and acquisition may enable reduced observability, increased bandwidth, and/or faster directional network discovery.
  • an exemplary embodiment of a method 800 may include one or more of the following steps. Additionally, for example, some embodiments may include performing one or more instances of the method 800 iteratively, concurrently, and/or sequentially. Additionally, for example, at least some of the steps of the method 800 may be performed in parallel and/or concurrently. Additionally, in some embodiments, at least some of the steps of the method 800 may be performed non-sequentially.
  • a step 802 may include providing a transmitter node.
  • a step 804 may include providing a receiver node, wherein each node of the transmitter node and the receiver node comprises: a communications interface including at least one antenna element; and a controller operatively coupled to the communications interface, the controller including one or more processors; and wherein each node of the transmitter node and the receiver node are time synchronized to apply Doppler corrections to said node’s own motions relative to a stationary common inertial reference frame, wherein the stationary common inertial reference frame is known to the transmitter node and the receiver node prior to the transmitter node transmitting signals to the receiver node and prior to the receiver node receiving the signals from the transmitter node.
  • the method 800 may include any of the operations disclosed throughout.
  • an exemplary embodiment of a method 900 may include one or more of the following steps. Additionally, for example, some embodiments may include performing one or more instances of the method 900 iteratively, concurrently, and/or sequentially. Additionally, for example, at least some of the steps of the method 900 may be performed in parallel and/or concurrently. Additionally, in some embodiments, at least some of the steps of the method 900 may be performed non- sequentially.
  • a step 902 may include transmit and receive systems coordinate in advance to employ zero Doppler offsets at selected angles during a number of time slots such that a zero-Doppler path will exist between transmitter and receiver when the physical geometry during a time slot aligns with selected angles.
  • a step 904 may include transmitter calculates corrected Doppler frequencyshift for each selected time slot.
  • a step 906 may include transmitter calculates corrected Doppler time-shift across each of the selected time slots.
  • a step 908 may include transmitting terminal sends Doppler frequency-shifted and time-shifted signals to the receiver.
  • a step 910 may include receiver applies Doppler frequency-shift correction to the receive channel during the coordinated time slot.
  • a step 912 may include receiver applies Doppler time-shift correction to the receive channel across the time slot.
  • a step 914 may include receiver combines time-aligned synchronization signals from the across the time slot to effect sensitivity improvement whenever the transmitter to receiver physical geometry during a time slot aligns with the selected angle.
  • the method 900 may include any of the operations disclosed throughout.
  • embodiments of the methods disclosed herein may include one or more of the steps described herein. Further, such steps may be carried out in any desired order and two or more of the steps may be carried out simultaneously with one another. Two or more of the steps disclosed herein may be combined in a single step, and in some embodiments, one or more of the steps may be carried out as two or more sub-steps. Further, other steps or sub-steps may be carried in addition to, or as substitutes to one or more of the steps disclosed herein.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Un système peut comprendre un nœud émetteur et un nœud récepteur. Chaque nœud peut comprendre une interface de communication comprenant au moins un élément d'antenne et un dispositif de commande fonctionnellement couplé à l'interface de communication, le dispositif de commande comprenant un ou plusieurs processeurs. Chaque nœud peut être synchronisé dans le temps pour appliquer des corrections Doppler aux mouvements dudit nœud par rapport à un cadre de référence inertiel commun stationnaire. Le cadre de référence inertiel commun stationnaire peut être connu du nœud émetteur et du nœud récepteur avant que le nœud émetteur ne transmette des signaux au nœud récepteur et avant que le nœud récepteur ne reçoive les signaux du nœud émetteur.
PCT/US2022/050800 2021-11-23 2022-11-22 Système et procédé d'application de corrections doppler pour émetteur et récepteur synchronisés dans le temps WO2023096941A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US17/534,061 2021-11-23
US17/534,061 US11665658B1 (en) 2021-04-16 2021-11-23 System and method for application of doppler corrections for time synchronized transmitter and receiver

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2023096941A1 true WO2023096941A1 (fr) 2023-06-01

Family

ID=84887756

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2022/050800 WO2023096941A1 (fr) 2021-11-23 2022-11-22 Système et procédé d'application de corrections doppler pour émetteur et récepteur synchronisés dans le temps

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2023096941A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5703595A (en) * 1996-08-02 1997-12-30 Motorola, Inc. Method and apparatus for erratic doppler frequency shift compensation
JP2006345427A (ja) * 2005-06-10 2006-12-21 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 移動体の無線伝送方法、無線伝送装置及び無線伝送システム
EP2743726A1 (fr) * 2012-12-14 2014-06-18 Koninklijke KPN N.V. Procédés et systèmes pour évaluer la confiance dans un réseau ad hoc mobile

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5703595A (en) * 1996-08-02 1997-12-30 Motorola, Inc. Method and apparatus for erratic doppler frequency shift compensation
JP2006345427A (ja) * 2005-06-10 2006-12-21 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 移動体の無線伝送方法、無線伝送装置及び無線伝送システム
EP2743726A1 (fr) * 2012-12-14 2014-06-18 Koninklijke KPN N.V. Procédés et systèmes pour évaluer la confiance dans un réseau ad hoc mobile

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US11206168B2 (en) Receiver and method for providing a phase coherency for frequency hopping multitone signals
US11726162B2 (en) System and method for neighbor direction and relative velocity determination via doppler nulling techniques
CN109952801A (zh) 识别多天线发射机的离开角
JP7179768B2 (ja) ユーザプラットフォームの環境を特徴付ける方法及び装置
EP3087407A2 (fr) Localisation avec émission non synchrone et transmission à multiples chemins
US20230393229A1 (en) System and method for application of doppler corrections for time synchronized stationary transmitter and receiver in motion
KR102627058B1 (ko) 하나 이상의 리시버 및 트랜스미터에 대한 tof를 결정하기 위한 시스템, 장치, 및/또는 방법
KR20230061363A (ko) 셀룰러 시스템들에서 바이스태틱 및 멀티-스태틱 레이더에 대한 측정 보고
US11665658B1 (en) System and method for application of doppler corrections for time synchronized transmitter and receiver
TW202241184A (zh) 用於定位的錨使用者設備選擇
Nikonowicz et al. Indoor positioning trends in 5G-advanced: Challenges and solution towards centimeter-level accuracy
Golestanian et al. Radio frequency-based indoor localization in ad-hoc networks
US12032081B2 (en) System and method for application of doppler corrections for time synchronized transmitter and receiver
WO2023096941A1 (fr) Système et procédé d'application de corrections doppler pour émetteur et récepteur synchronisés dans le temps
Sark et al. An approach for implementation of ranging and positioning methods on a software defined radio
US20230288518A1 (en) Robust addressing schema for spatial awareness via doppler null scanning (dns)
WO2022219249A1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif permettant de déterminer un décalage d'horloge entre au moins deux unités radio
US20230379008A1 (en) Doppler-nulling for directional networks (spatial awareness)
WO2023225306A1 (fr) Schéma d'adressage robuste pour sensibilisation spatiale par balayage doppler nul (dns)
CN107765219A (zh) 一种无线电定位测量的方法、装置和系统
US20230280436A1 (en) Proactive link acquisition (spatial awareness)
WO2023225328A1 (fr) Acquisition de liaison proactive (prise en compte spatiale)
Exel Carrier-based ranging in IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks
WO2023225297A1 (fr) Application de "null" doppler pour réseaux directionnels (connaissance spatiale)
US11977173B2 (en) Spoofing and denial of service detection and protection with doppler nulling (spatial awareness)

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 22839575

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1