WO2023092322A1

WO2023092322A1 - Method for sending uplink data packet and communication apparatus

Info

Publication number: WO2023092322A1
Application number: PCT/CN2021/132712
Authority: WO
Inventors: 王万青; 敬勇; 曲吉亮; 吕品; 刘小雷
Original assignee: 华为技术有限公司
Priority date: 2021-11-24
Filing date: 2021-11-24
Publication date: 2023-06-01
Also published as: CN117941409A

Abstract

The present application provides a method for sending an uplink data packet. According to the method, an uplink data packet in a single DRB is supported to be sent on a UE side according to a service priority, the service priority indicating the priority order when the uplink data packet is sent, so that an uplink data packet of a high-priority service can be preferentially sent to a network side. The UE side can configure a plurality of queues of different service priorities in the single DRB. In the process of mapping the uplink data packet in one data channel to the DRB, a UE schedules each uplink data packet in the data channel to a queue of a corresponding service priority in the single DRB according to the service priority identified by each uplink data packet, and then schedules the sending of the uplink data packet in the queue in the DRB by using a scheduling algorithm, so that the service quality can be improved. Especially when the wireless link signal quality becomes poor and network congestion occurs, the uplink data packet of the high-priority service can be prevented from being blocked on the UE side.

Description

Method and communication device for sending uplink data packet

technical field

The present application relates to the technical field of wireless communication, and more specifically, to a method and a communication device for sending uplink data packets.

Background technique

In the quality of service (QoS) model defined by the fifth generation (5G) communication system, two-level mapping is required for QoS flow mapping. Among them, the first-level mapping is to map multiple data packet flows with the same QoS requirement to the QoS flow, and the second-level mapping maps the QoS flow to a data radio bearer (data radio bearer, DRB). Specifically, for the uplink, the user equipment (user equipment, UE) maps the uplink data packet to the QoS flow (that is, QoS flow) according to the QoS rule, and uses the QoS flow identifier (QoS flow identifier, QFI) to perform logo. Then, the UE maps the QoS flow to access network resources, such as DRB. Usually, only one DRB is configured for data services, or in other words, only one DRB bears data services.

In the case of poor signal quality on the wireless link, network congestion occurs. Based on the above QoS model and configuration, service quality may be degraded.

Contents of the invention

The present application provides a method and a communication device for sending uplink data packets, which can improve service quality.

In the first aspect, a method for sending a data packet is provided, the method may be executed by a terminal device, or executed by a chip (or chip system) configured in the terminal device, the method includes:

Mapping the uplink data packet to one or more data channels, the uplink data packet of each data channel in the one or more data channels is identified with a service priority, wherein the service priority is used to identify when the uplink data packet is sent order of priority;

mapping the uplink data packets in the first data channel in the one or more data channels to M service priority queues configured in the first DRB, where the M service priority queues respectively correspond to different service priorities, Wherein, the uplink data packets identified with the same service priority in the first data channel are mapped to the same service priority queue among the M service priority queues, where M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2;

Send the uplink data packet in the first DRB.

In this technical solution, multiple queues with different service priorities are supported in a single DRB on the UE side, and queues with different service priorities have different service priorities. In the process of mapping the uplink data packet to the data channel, the uplink data packet is marked with the corresponding service priority, so that when the uplink data packet in a data channel is mapped to the DRB, it can be identified according to the uplink data packet The service priority of the data channel is mapped to the corresponding service priority queue in the DRB corresponding to the data channel, that is, the uplink data packets with the same service priority in a data channel are mapped to the same service priority of the DRB level queue. Because the service priority indicates the priority order when the uplink data packets are sent. Therefore, when the UE sends the uplink data packets in the DRB, it can realize the differentiated sending order of the uplink data packets in the DRB based on the service priority corresponding to the service priority queue in the DRB, or in other words, it can send them preferentially Uplink data packets in higher service priority queues, which can improve service quality.

Furthermore, especially when the signal quality of the wireless link is poor, or the transmission network is congested, the technical solution of this application can realize the differentiated transmission of uplink data packets of different service priorities, and realize the data transmission of high-priority services. priority sending.

With reference to the first aspect, in some implementation manners of the first aspect, the mapping of the uplink data packet to one or more data channels, the uplink data packet identifier in each data channel of the one or more data channels There are service priorities, including:

Filter the uplink data packets according to the uplink quality of service QoS rules, so as to map the uplink data packets to one or more data channels, wherein the uplink data packets mapped to each data channel in the one or more data channels Carry filtering results, including service priority.

In this implementation manner, the service priority of the uplink data packet is obtained after being filtered by an uplink QoS rule, or in other words, after being filtered by an uplink QoS rule, the service priority of the uplink data packet is marked. Uplink data packets are filtered by uplink QoS rules and enter corresponding data channels. Therefore, when mapping the uplink data packets in the data channel to the DRB, based on the different service priorities identified by each uplink data packet, it can be mapped to the queue of the corresponding service priority of the DRB, thereby realizing a single DRB supports multiple queues with different service priorities.

With reference to the first aspect, in some implementation manners of the first aspect, the filtering result further includes a sending delay of the uplink data packet, and the sending delay indicates the delay requirement of the uplink data packet.

Alternatively, the "sending delay" or "target delay" may indicate the delay requirement of the uplink data packet.

In this implementation, the filtering result also includes the transmission delay of the uplink data packet, that is, in the process of sending the uplink data packet, the delay requirement of the uplink data packet is taken into account, so that different delay requirements can be achieved Differentiated sending of uplink data packets. For example, uplink data packets with high latency requirements (that is, small latency) are sent preferentially, thereby further optimizing service quality.

For example, in the case of poor signal quality, priority is given to sending uplink data packets with high delay requirements instead of sending uplink data packets with different delay requirements without distinction.

With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the uplink QoS rule includes a first QoS rule, and the first QoS rule is used to filter the uplink data packet to obtain a filtering result of the uplink data packet, wherein the first QoS rules are configured according to the requirements of the application layer.

In this implementation manner, the first QoS rule used to filter and obtain the filtering result of the uplink data packet is configured according to the requirements of the application layer, which can more accurately realize the reasonable configuration of the service priority of the uplink data packet.

With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the uplink data packets in the first data channel come from N services, and the service priorities corresponding to the M service priority queues are based on the N Configured according to the business characteristics of the business, N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2;

The sending the uplink data packet in the first DRB includes:

According to the service priorities corresponding to the M service priority queues in the first DRB, the M service priority queues in the first DRB are scheduled to send the uplink data packets in the first DRB.

In this implementation, the uplink data packets in the data channel may come from multiple different services, and the UE may configure different service priorities for the data packets of different services based on the service characteristics of different services. For example, the service priority of the data packet identification of some services with low delay requirements or relatively important services is higher than that of other common services. Therefore, uplink data packets of different services may enter queues with different service priorities. When the UE is sending the uplink data packets in the DRB, it preferentially sends the uplink data packets in the queue with higher service priority in the DRB, so as to realize the differential sending of the uplink data packets of different services, which can improve the service quality.

With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the uplink QoS rule includes a filter parameter, where the filter parameter of the IP data packet is a combination of the following items:

source IP address;

Destination IP address;

Internet Protocol Version 6 prefixes;

source port number range;

Destination port number range;

protocol identifier;

next header;

Service type;

Scope of communication classification;

stream label; or,

Ethernet type.

With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the uplink QoS rule includes filtering parameters, where the filtering parameters of the MAC data packet are a combination of the following items:

source MAC address;

Destination MAC address;

Virtual local area network VLAN protocol client tag VLAN identifier range;

VLAN protocol service tag VLAN identifier range;

VLAN protocol client tag priority code point/discard identification;

VLAN Protocol Service Tag Priority Code Point/Drop Identification; or,

Ethernet type.

In the above two implementations, different filtering parameters are configured for the uplink QoS rules for IP data packets and MAC data packets, which can be filtered according to the respective differences and requirements of IP data packets and MAC data packets, so that The filtering function is more precise and demand-oriented.

With reference to the first aspect, in some implementation manners of the first aspect, there are at least two uplink QoS rules, and,

The at least two upstream QoS rules have filtering priority, or,

The at least two uplink QoS rules are arranged according to filtering priority;

Wherein, the filtering priority is used to indicate the order in which the uplink data packets pass through the at least two uplink QoS rules.

In this implementation manner, multiple different uplink QoS rules have a relative filtering sequence, and different filtering effects can be obtained.

With reference to the first aspect, in some implementation manners of the first aspect, the scheduling of the M service priority queues in the first DRB includes:

Using one or more of the following scheduling algorithms to schedule the M service priority queues in the first DRB:

Strict priority SP;

Weighted Round Robin WRR; or,

Weighted Deficit Round Robin Scheduling WDRR.

In this implementation, a scheduling algorithm or a combination of different scheduling algorithms can be used to schedule the M service priority queues in the DRB to send the uplink data packets in the DRB, which can achieve the balance of various factors By considering, for example, resource allocation when sending uplink data packets, sending modes of service data with different service priorities, etc., service quality can be further optimized.

In a second aspect, a communication device is provided, where the communication device has a function of implementing the method in the first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect. The functions described above may be implemented by hardware, or may be implemented by executing corresponding software on the hardware. The hardware or software includes one or more units corresponding to the above functions.

In a third aspect, a communication device is provided, including a processor and a memory. Optionally, a transceiver may also be included. Wherein, the memory is used to store computer programs, and the processor is used to call and run the computer programs stored in the memory, and control the transceiver to send and receive signals, so that the communication device executes the first aspect, or any possible implementation of the first aspect method in .

Exemplarily, the communication device is a wireless communication terminal device, or may also be a chip or a chip system configured in the terminal device, for example, a system on a chip (system on a chip, SoC).

In a fourth aspect, a communication device is provided, including a processor and a communication interface, the communication interface is used to receive (or input) data and/or information, and transmit the received data and/or information to the processing device, the processor processes the data and/or information, and the communication interface is also used to output the data and/or information processed by the processor, so that as in the first aspect, or any possibility of the first aspect The method in the implementation of is executed.

In a fifth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided. Computer instructions are stored in the computer-readable storage medium. When the computer instructions are run on a computer, the first aspect, or any possible The method in the implementation is executed.

According to a sixth aspect, a computer program product is provided, the computer program product includes computer program code, when the computer program code is run on a computer, the first aspect, or any possible implementation of the first aspect The method in is executed.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the 5G QoS model;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of QoS rules;

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of 4G QoS model;

FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a method for sending an uplink data packet provided by the present application;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of configuring multiple queues corresponding to different service priorities in a single DRB provided by the present application;

FIG. 6 is an example of sending an uplink data packet provided by the present application;

FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram of a communication device provided by the present application;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided by the present application.

Detailed ways

The technical solution in this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

See Figure 1, Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the 5G QoS model. As shown in Figure 1, in this QoS model, QoS flow mapping (that is, QoS flow mapping) needs to perform two-level mapping.

First-level mapping: multiple data packet flows with the same QoS requirements are mapped to QoS flows, wherein the data packet flow can be, for example, an Internet protocol flow (internet protocol flow, IP flow) or an Ethernet flow (Ethernet flow) ;

The second level of mapping: mapping the QoS flow to a data radio bearer (data radio bearer, DRB).

Specifically, for the downlink, the user plane function (user plane function, UPF) matches each SDF template one by one according to the priority of the service data flow (service data flow, SDF) template, so as to classify the downlink data packets, so that the downlink Data packets are mapped to QoS flow, and each data packet is identified using QoS flow identifier (QFI). Then, the network side device maps the QoS flow to an access network (access resource, AN) resource, such as a DRB.

If all downstream QoS flows in a protocol data unit (PDU) session have at least one downstream packet filter, UPF will discard downstream packets that do not match any QoS flow.

For the uplink, the UE matches the data packet filter in each QoS rule one by one according to the priority of the QoS rule (QoS rule) to classify the uplink data packets, thereby mapping the uplink data packets to the QoS flow, and using QFI to Each packet is identified. Then, the UE maps the QoS flow to access network resources, such as DRB.

If the default QoS rule has at least one uplink data packet filter, the UE will discard uplink data packets that do not match any QoS flow.

It should be understood that the above-mentioned PDU session (ie, PDU session) may refer to the connection between the UE and the data network. A PDU session contains one or more QoS flows. During the establishment of the PDU session, the network side will send the QoS parameters corresponding to the QoS flow to the UE. For example, the network side may carry QoS parameters corresponding to all QoS flows included in the PDU session in a PDU session establishment accept (PDU session establishment accept) message. On the UE side, each PDU session corresponds to a network interface. The transmission control protocol/internet protocol (transmission control protocol/internet protocol, TCP/IP) protocol stack of the UE receives or sends data packets on the corresponding PDU session through the network interface.

In addition, as mentioned above, for uplink, UE maps uplink data packets to QoS flow based on QoS rules. Specifically, UE can classify and mark uplink user plane services, and associate uplink services with QoS flows based on QoS rules. These QoS rules can be explicitly provided to the UE, for example, provided to the UE when the PDU session is established or the QoS flow is established, or they can be predefined in the UE or implicitly generated by the UE using reflective QoS.

Referring to FIG. 2, FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of QoS rules. As shown in Figure 2, the QoS rule contains the following fields:

QoS rule identifier (QoS rule identifier), used to identify the QoS rule;

QoS rule length (length of QoS rule), used to indicate the length of the QoS rule;

rule operation code (rule operation code);

DQR bit (Default QoS rule bit);

The number of packet filters (number of packet filters);

The packet filter list (packet filter list), which contains one or more packet filters, is used to match packets, thereby mapping packets to a QoS flow;

QoS rule priority (QoSrule precedence); used to indicate the matching order of QoS rules;

reserve (spare);

segregation; and

QoS flow identifier (QoS flow identifier, QFI), used to identify the QoSflow that uses the QoS rule to match the data packet.

The 4G QoS model is introduced below.

See Figure 3, which is a schematic diagram of the 4G QoS model. As shown in Figure 3, in the 4G QoS model, a service flow with the same QoS attribute between a UE and a PDN gateway (PDN gate way, P-GW) is called an EPS bearer, where PDN means a public data network (public data network) network). In the EPS bearer, the section between the UE and the air interface of the eNodeB is called a radio bearer, and the section between the eNodeB and the serving gateway (serving gateway, S-GW) is called an S1 bearer. There is a 1:1 mapping relationship between the EPS bearer and the radio bearer of the air interface.

The difference between the 4G QoS model and the 5G QoS model can be seen in Table 1.

Table 1

The scheme for sending uplink data packets provided by this application is applicable to both the 5G QoS model and the 4G QoS model. The following will first describe the application of the scheme for sending uplink data packets provided by this application in the 5G QoS model, and then introduce the application in the 4G QoS model.

Since there is usually only one DRB to carry data services, according to the above-mentioned 5G QoS model, when the wireless link signal quality is poor, the queues of uplink data packets of each service mapped to a DRB will be congested, resulting in poor service quality. down, or even unavailable.

For this reason, the present application provides a method for sending uplink data packets, which can improve service quality. Especially when the signal quality of the wireless link is poor, the UE can be made to send some high-priority uplink data packets (for example, data packets of video communication, games, remote control, and remote configuration services) to the network side for processing. , can improve the situation of service quality degradation.

Referring to FIG. 4 , FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a method for sending an uplink data packet provided by the present application.

The method may be executed by the UE or executed by a chip or a chip system configured in the UE, which is not limited. The following takes the UE executing the method as an example for description.

210. The UE maps the uplink data packet to one or more data channels, where the uplink data packet in each data channel of the one or more data channels is identified with a service priority, where the service priority is used to identify The priority order of upstream data packets when they are sent.

Exemplarily, uplink data packets mapped to the same data channel may have the same QoS requirement. Uplink data packets entering the same data channel may come from multiple services.

Step 210 may correspond to the first-level mapping in the two-level mapping in the 5G QoS model, that is, the mapping from data packet flow to data channel (or QoS flow). In addition, the uplink data packets mapped into the data channels are marked with service priorities, which are used to indicate the priority order of the uplink data packets when being sent.

220. The UE maps the uplink data packets in the first data channel among the one or more data channels to the M service priority queues of the first DRB.

Wherein, the M service priority queues correspond to different service priorities respectively, and the uplink data packets identified with the same service priority in the first data channel are mapped to the same service priority in the M service priority queues In the queue, M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.

In order to avoid redundancy, the "service priority queue" is sometimes referred to as "queue" for short below.

Step 220 may correspond to the second-level mapping in the two-level mapping in the 5G QoS model, that is, the mapping from data channel (or QoS flow) to DRB. In addition, in this application, when the uplink data packets in the data channel are mapped to the DRB, specifically, the uplink data packets in the data channel are mapped to corresponding queues among the M service priority queues configured in the DRB. Specifically, an uplink data packet is mapped to a queue having the same service priority as the uplink data packet.

It should be noted that the "first data channel" in step 220 refers to any one of one or more data channels. The first data channel is mapped to the first DRB.

When there are multiple data channels, each data channel is mapped to one DRB, and different data channels may be mapped to the same DRB. In other words, one DRB may correspond to uplink data packets in one data channel, or one DRB may correspond to uplink data packets in multiple data channels, which is not limited.

It should be understood that, when there are multiple data channels, the multiple data channels need to be mapped to corresponding DRBs. Here, only the mapping of the first data channel to the first DRB is taken as an example for illustration.

230. The UE sends the uplink data packet in the first DRB.

After steps 210-220, after the UE completes the mapping of the uplink data packet to the DRB, in step 230, the UE sends the uplink data packet in the DRB. When the uplink data packet is mapped to the DRB, it is mapped to the corresponding service priority queue in the DRB according to the service priority identified by the uplink data packet, that is, the uplink data in the same service priority queue in the DRB The packets have the same service priority, and the service priority indicates the priority order when sending the uplink data packets. After the uplink data packet is mapped to the DRB, the UE sends the uplink data packet in the DRB according to the service priorities of the M service priority queues in the DRB, which can improve service quality.

Taking the first DRB as an example, the uplink data packets in the first data channel are mapped to the first DRB, and the uplink data packets in the first data channel may come from multiple different services, and the UE can, based on the characteristics of different services, Configure different service priorities for data packets of different services. For example, the service priority of some data packet identifiers for services requiring low delay is higher than that of other common service data packets. When the UE is sending the uplink data packets in the first DRB, it preferentially sends the uplink data packets in the queue with higher service priority in the first DRB, so that the service quality can be improved.

As a specific implementation, M service priority queues are configured in the first DRB, and the M service priority queues correspond to different service priorities respectively, and the UE uses the first data channel in one or more data channels When the uplink data packets in the first DRB are mapped to the first DRB, specifically, the uplink data packets in the first data channel are mapped to the M service priority queues of the first DRB.

Wherein, the uplink data packets marked with the same service priority in the first data channel are mapped to the same service priority queue among the M service priority queues. In other words, each uplink data packet in the first data channel is mapped to a corresponding service priority queue among the M queues.

For example, three queues are configured in the first DRB, which are recorded as queue 1, queue 2 and queue 3, which respectively correspond to high, medium and low service priorities. Wherein, each uplink data packet in the first data channel is marked with a service priority among high, medium and low. When mapping the uplink data packets in the first data channel to the first DRB, the UE maps the uplink data packets identified with high service priority to queue 1, and maps the uplink data packets identified with medium service priority to In queue 2, and map the uplink data packets marked with low service priority to queue 3.

Exemplarily, a packet filter (packet filter) is configured on the UE, and one or more uplink QoS rules are configured on the packet filter. In other words, one or more upstream QoS rules constitute a data packet filter. Wherein, each uplink QoS rule includes filtering parameters. The UE filters the uplink data packets according to one or more uplink QoS rules, so as to map the uplink data packets to one or more data channels.

As an implementation, the uplink QoS rule includes the first QoS rule, and the first QoS rule can be configured according to the requirements of the application layer, and the requirements of the application layer can come from outside or inside the UE. Wherein, the first QoS rule is used to filter the uplink data packets, so as to obtain the filtering result of the uplink data packets. In other words, after the UE filters the uplink data packet according to the first QoS rule, the uplink data packet is marked with a filtering result, and the filtering result includes the service priority.

After being filtered by the uplink QoS rules, the uplink data packets are mapped to one or more data channels, wherein the uplink data packets mapped to each of the one or more data channels carry filtering results, and the filtering results include Service priority.

Further optionally, the filtering result also includes a sending delay (or target delay) of the uplink data packet, and the sending delay indicates the delay requirement of the uplink data packet.

Exemplarily, the sending delay of the uplink data packet may be carried in the data description information (eg, data descriptor) of the uplink data packet. On this basis, those skilled in the art can conceive of multiple specific implementation manners, which are not limited herein.

As mentioned above, there may be one or more uplink QoS rules. When there are multiple uplink QoS rules, in one implementation, the multiple uplink QoS rules have filtering priorities. Wherein, the filtering priority is used to indicate the order in which the uplink data packets pass through the uplink QoS rules. Or, in another implementation, the multiple uplink QoS rules are arranged in order of filtering priority. For example, the multiple uplink QoS rules are arranged in descending order of filtering priorities.

Each upstream QoS rule contains filtering parameters.

Exemplarily, the filtering parameters of the IP data packet are any combination of the following items:

source IP address;

Destination IP address;

IPv6 prefix;

source port number range;

Destination port number range;

protocol identifier;

next header;

Service type;

Scope of communication classification;

stream label; or,

Ethernet type.

Exemplarily, the filtering parameters of the MAC data packet are any combination of the following items:

source MAC address;

Destination MAC address;

Virtual local area network VLAN protocol client tag VLAN identifier range;

VLAN protocol service tag VLAN identifier range;

VLAN protocol client tag priority code point/discard identification;

VLAN Protocol Service Tag Priority Code Point/Drop Identification; or,

Ethernet type.

Among them, the virtual local area network protocol is also the virtual bridged local area network (virtual bridged local area networks, VLAN) protocol, that is, the 802.1Q protocol. A virtual bridged LAN is simply called a virtual LAN.

In addition, the customer tag can be expressed as (customer tag, C-TAG), the virtual local area network identifier range can be expressed as (virtual local area network identifier rang, VID rang), and the priority code point can be expressed as (priority code point, PCP) , the drop indicator can be expressed as (drop eligible indicator, DEI).

Therefore, the filtering parameters of the MAC data packet are any combination of the following items:

source MAC address;

Destination MAC address;

802.1Q C-TAG VID Range;

802.1Q S-TAG VID Range;

802.1Q C-TAG PCP/DEI;

802.1Q S-TAG PCP/DEI; or,

Ethernet type.

Referring to FIG. 5 , FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of configuring multiple queues corresponding to different service priorities in a single DRB provided by the present application. As shown in Figure 5, a data packet filter is configured on the UE. Exemplarily, the data packet filter is configured with a data packet filtering rule 1 (for example, the first QoS rule) and a data packet filtering rule 2 (for example, a standard uplink QoS rule in the 5G QoS model). Wherein, the data packet filtering rule 1 is used to filter the uplink data packets, so that the filtering result of the data packets output from the data packet filtering rule 1 includes the service priority. Optionally, the filtering result also includes the sending delay of the uplink data packet. Packet filtering rule 2 can contain one or more QoS rules adopted in the existing 5G QoS model. It should be understood that the data packet filtering rule 2 is also used to filter uplink data packets. After filtering by the data packet filtering rule 1 and the data packet filtering rule 2, the UE completes the mapping from the uplink data packet to the data channel. Wherein, each uplink data packet mapped to the data channel is marked with a service priority. Then, the UE maps each data channel into the corresponding queue of the corresponding DRB. Specifically, taking a data channel as an example, the UE maps the uplink data packets in the data channel to corresponding queues of the DRB according to the service priority identified by the uplink data packets in the data channel. As shown in FIG. 5 , it is assumed that N DRBs are configured on the UE side, namely DRB-0 to DRB-N. For each DRB in DRB-0 to DRB-N, the UE can configure multiple queues corresponding to different service priorities. For example, there are 4 queues configured in DRB-0, which are recorded as Q-0, Q-1, Q-2 and Q-3 respectively. DRB-N is also configured with 4 queues, namely Q-0, Q-1, Q-2 and Q-3. It should be understood that configuring the same number of queues in each DRB is just an example. Obviously, different numbers of queues can also be configured for a single DRB, for example, 4 queues are configured in DRB-0, 3 queues are configured in DRB-N, etc., without limitation. Wherein, different queues correspond to different service priorities. Optionally, as an implementation, the UE determines the number of levels of service priority of the uplink data packets according to the characteristics of different services, and at the same time sets queues with the same number of levels in a single DRB. In this way, when an uplink data packet in a data channel is mapped to a corresponding DRB, each uplink data packet in the data channel will be scheduled (or mapped) into a corresponding queue of the DRB. For example, data channel 0 is mapped to DRB0, specifically, the uplink data packet whose service priority value is 0 identified in data channel 0 is mapped to queue Q-0 of DRB0, and the service priority identified in data channel 0 The uplink data packet whose value is 1 is mapped to the queue Q-1 of DRB0, and so on, which will not be repeated here.

For a single DRB, if there are M service priority queues in the DRB, M is greater than or equal to 2, and M is an integer, optionally, some scheduling algorithms can be used to schedule the M service priority queues in the DRB, with sending the uplink data packets in the M service priority queues in the DRB. Exemplarily, these scheduling algorithms may be one or more of the following:

Strict priority (strict priority, SP);

weighted round robin (WRR); or,

Weighted deficit round robin (deficit round robin, WDRR).

Taking DRB-0 in Figure 5 as an example, UE first schedules queue Q-0 according to the order of service priority of the four queues in DRB-0 from high to low, and the uplink data packets in queue Q-0 are sent After that, queue Q-1 is scheduled, and after the uplink data packets in queue Q-1 are sent, queue Q-2 is scheduled, and so on. Alternatively, the UE first schedules queue Q-0, and after sending a certain number of uplink data packets in queue Q-0, schedules queue Q-1, and after sending a certain number of uplink data packets in queue Q-1, schedules A certain number of uplink data packets in queue Q-2 and queue Q-3 are sent. After that, continue to return to the sending of the uplink data packets in the scheduling queue Q-0, and so on, which will not be described in detail.

It should be understood that the UE may use one of these scheduling algorithms to schedule the M queues in the DRB, or may use a combination of two or more scheduling algorithms, and may also use some other scheduling algorithms, which are not limited herein. These scheduling algorithms or their combined use can achieve balanced consideration of various factors, such as resource allocation when sending uplink data packets, sending modes of business data with different service priorities, etc., which can further optimize service quality.

In the following, in combination with FIG. 6 , the technical solution of the present application will be illustrated by taking the industrial control to use the differentiated services code point (differentiated services code point, DSCP) field of the IP message to identify the service priority of the message as an example.

Referring to FIG. 6, FIG. 6 is an example of sending an uplink data packet provided in this application.

Specifically, the DSCP field of the IP message has a total of 64 bits, and the value range is 0 to 63, and a larger value indicates a higher transmission priority. The type of service (TOC)/traffic class (TC) range can set the value of the DSCP field to match the service priority of the data packet. Wherein, TC may also be referred to as a communication category. TOC applies to IPv4, and TC applies to IPv6.

Exemplarily, the application processor configures the IP data packet and the DSCP field according to service characteristics. Exemplarily, for remote control/configuration, the value of the DSCP field is greater than or equal to 18; for remote diagnosis/data collection, the value of the DSCP field can be set to 8-17; for remote query/alarm log, the value of the DSCP field The value can be set to 4-7; for other types of services, the value of the DSCP field can be set to 0-3. Configure data packet filtering rule 1 and data packet filtering rule 2 for business applications. Exemplarily, the data packet filtering rule 1 and the data packet filtering rule 2 may also be combined into one data packet filtering rule, which is not limited. It should be understood that the data packet filtering rule 1 and the data packet filtering rule 2 each include one or more uplink QoS rules, and each uplink QoS rule includes filtering parameters.

The communication processor filters the uplink data packets according to the data packet filtering rule 1 and the data packet filtering rule 2, and obtains a filtering result of the uplink data packets. In this application, the filtering result includes at least the service priority, and may also include the sending delay.

Further, the communication processor schedules the IP message into the corresponding queue of the DRB according to the service priority of the uplink data packet, and uses a scheduling algorithm to schedule the sending of the message in the queue.

It should be noted that, in FIG. 6 , the communication processor (also called modem) filters the uplink data packets by using QoS rules to obtain the service priority of the uplink data packets as an example for illustration.

Optionally, in another implementation, the application processor may also identify the service priority for the uplink data packet. After the uplink data packet marked with service priority arrives at the communication processor, the communication processor adopts the standard QoS rules in the 5G QoS model to complete the first-level mapping and map the uplink data packet to one or more data channels. In the process of performing the second-level mapping (that is, the data channel is mapped to the corresponding DRB), specifically, the uplink data packet in each data channel enters the queue with the corresponding service priority of the corresponding DRB .

In other words, in this application, the operation of identifying the service priority of the uplink data packet is not limited by which device or where the identification is performed, as long as different uplink data packets can be scheduled to the DRB according to different service priorities. In the corresponding queue, and finally realize that the uplink data packet in the DRB is sent according to the service priority of the uplink data packet.

In addition, the technical solution of this application is also applicable in the 4G QoS model. According to the introduction to the 4G QoS model above, one QoS flow in the 5G QoS model corresponds to one EPS bearer in the 4G QoS model. According to the application of the technical solution of this application in the 5G QoS model, those skilled in the art know that in the 4G QoS model, in the process of mapping the EPS bearer to the AN resource (for example, DRB), the UE is responsible for the uplink data in the EPS bearer. The packet identifies the service priority, and then maps it to the corresponding service priority queue of the DRB according to the service priority identified by the uplink data packet, and can also send the uplink data in the DRB according to the service priority of the uplink data packet packets, so that the uplink data packets with higher service priority are sent to the network side first. For the uplink data packets of services with higher service priority, the UE can configure a higher service priority accordingly, so that the uplink data packets of this service can obtain higher priority than the uplink data packets of other services in the DRB. opportunity to send.

The method for sending an uplink data packet provided by the embodiment of the present application has been described in detail above. The communication device provided by this application is introduced below.

Referring to FIG. 7 , FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram of a communication device provided in this application. As shown in FIG. 7 , the communication device 1000 includes a processing unit 1100 and a sending unit 1300 . Optionally, a receiving unit 1200 is also included.

The processing unit 1100 is configured to map the uplink data packet to one or more data channels, wherein the uplink data packet in each data channel of the one or more data channels is identified with a service priority, wherein the The service priority is used to identify the priority order when the uplink data packets are sent;

mapping the uplink data packets in the first data channel of the one or more data channels to M service priority queues of the first DRB, the M service priority queues respectively corresponding to different service priorities, Wherein, the uplink data packets identified with the same service priority in the first data channel are mapped to the same service priority queue among the M service priority queues, and M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2 ;

The sending unit 1200 is configured to send the uplink data packet in the first DRB.

Optionally, in one embodiment, the processing unit 1100 is specifically configured to:

Filter the uplink data packet according to the uplink quality of service QoS rule, so as to map the uplink data packet to the one or more data channels, wherein each of the one or more data channels mapped to the Uplink data packets of data channels carry filtering results, where the filtering results include the service priority.

Optionally, in an embodiment, the filtering result further includes a sending delay of the uplink data packet, and the sending delay indicates the delay requirement of the uplink data packet.

Optionally, in an embodiment, the uplink QoS rule includes a first QoS rule, and the first QoS rule is used to filter the uplink data packet to obtain the filtering result of the uplink data packet , wherein the first QoS rule is configured according to requirements of the application layer.

Optionally, in an embodiment, the uplink data packets in the first data channel come from N services, and the service priorities corresponding to the M service priority queues are based on the service characteristics of the N services Configured, N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2;

The processing unit 1100 is specifically configured to schedule the M service priority queues in the first DRB according to the service priorities corresponding to the M service priority queues in the first DRB, so as to send the An uplink data packet in the first DRB.

Optionally, in one embodiment, the uplink QoS rule includes a filter parameter, wherein the filter parameter of the IP data packet is a combination of the following items:

source IP address;

Destination IP address;

Internet Protocol Version 6 prefixes;

source port number range;

Destination port number range;

protocol identifier;

next header;

Service type;

Scope of communication classification;

stream label; or,

Ethernet type.

Optionally, in one embodiment, the uplink QoS rule includes a filter parameter, wherein the filter parameter of the MAC data packet is a combination of the following items:

source MAC address;

Destination MAC address;

Virtual local area network VLAN protocol client tag VLAN identifier range;

VLAN protocol service tag VLAN identifier range;

VLAN protocol client tag priority code point/discard identification;

VLAN Protocol Service Tag Priority Code Point/Drop Identification; or,

Ethernet type.

Optionally, in an embodiment, there are at least two uplink QoS rules, and,

The at least two uplink QoS rules have filtering priority, or,

The at least two uplink QoS rules are arranged according to filtering priority;

Optionally, in an embodiment, the processing unit 1100 is further configured to use one or more of the following scheduling algorithms to schedule the M service priority queues in the first DRB:

Strict priority SP;

Weighted Round Robin WRR; or,

Weighted Deficit Round Robin Scheduling WDRR.

In each of the above implementation manners, the receiving unit 1200 and the sending unit 1300 may also be integrated into a transceiver unit, which has the functions of receiving and sending at the same time, which is not limited here.

In the above device embodiments, the processing unit 1100 is configured to perform processing and/or operations implemented internally by the communication device except for the actions of sending and receiving. The receiving unit 1200 is configured to perform an action of receiving, and the sending unit 1300 is configured to perform an action of sending.

Referring to FIG. 8 , FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided by the present application. As shown in FIG. 8 , the communication device 10 includes: one or more processors 11 , one or more memories 12 and one or more communication interfaces 13 . The processor 11 is used to control the communication interface 13 to send and receive signals, the memory 12 is used to store a computer program, and the processor 11 is used to call and run the computer program from the memory 12, so that the communication device 10 executes the method described in each method embodiment of the present application. Processing performed by the UE.

For example, the processor 11 may have the functions of the processing unit 1100 shown in FIG. 7 , and the communication interface 13 may have the functions of the receiving unit 1200 and/or the sending unit 1300 shown in FIG. 7 . Specifically, the processor 11 may be used to perform processing or operations internally performed by the communication device, and the communication interface 13 is used to perform sending and/or receiving operations by the communication device.

In an implementation manner, the communication device 10 may be the UE in the method embodiment. In this implementation, the communication interface 13 may be a transceiver. Transceivers may include receivers and/or transmitters. Optionally, the processor 11 may be a baseband device, and the communication interface 13 may be a radio frequency device.

In another implementation, the communication device 10 may be a chip (or chip system) installed in the UE. In this implementation manner, the communication interface 13 may be an interface circuit or an input/output interface.

Wherein, the dotted box behind the device (for example, processor, memory or communication interface) in FIG. 8 indicates that there may be more than one device.

Optionally, the memory and the processor in the foregoing apparatus embodiments may be physically independent units, or the memory may also be integrated with the processor, which is not limited herein.

In addition, the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, where computer instructions are stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer instructions are run on the computer, the operations performed by the UE in each method embodiment of the present application and the /or processing is performed.

In addition, the present application also provides a computer program product. The computer program product includes computer program codes or instructions. When the computer program codes or instructions are run on the computer, the operations performed by the UE in each method embodiment of the present application and/or Processing is performed.

In addition, the present application also provides a chip, the chip includes a processor, a memory for storing computer programs is provided independently of the chip, and the processor is used for executing the computer programs stored in the memory, so that the device installed with the chip executes Operations and/or processing performed by the UE in any method embodiment.

Further, the chip may further include a communication interface. The communication interface may be an input/output interface, or an interface circuit or the like. Further, the chip may further include the memory.

Optionally, there may be one or more processors, one or more memories, and one or more memories.

In addition, the present application also provides a communication device (for example, it may be a chip or a chip system), including a processor and a communication interface, the communication interface is used to receive (or be referred to as input) data and/or information, and will receive The received data and/or information are transmitted to the processor, and the processor processes the data and/or information, and the communication interface is also used to output (or be referred to as output) the data and/or processed by the processor or information, so that the operation and/or processing performed by the UE in any method embodiment is performed.

In addition, the present application also provides a communication device, including at least one processor, the at least one processor is coupled to at least one memory, and the at least one processor is configured to execute computer programs or instructions stored in the at least one memory, The communication device is made to perform the operation and/or processing performed by the UE in any one method embodiment.

The memory in the embodiments of the present application may be a volatile memory or a nonvolatile memory, or may include both volatile and nonvolatile memories. Among them, the non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (read-only memory, ROM), programmable read-only memory (programmable ROM, PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable PROM, EPROM), electrically programmable Erases programmable read-only memory (electrically EPROM, EEPROM) or flash memory. The volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), which acts as external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, many forms of RAM are available such as static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM), dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (synchronous DRAM, SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (double data rate SDRAM, DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (enhanced SDRAM, ESDRAM), synchronous connection dynamic random access memory (synchlink DRAM, SLDRAM ) and direct memory bus random access memory (direct rambus RAM, DRRAM). It should be noted that the memory of the systems and methods described herein is intended to include, but not be limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

The methods provided in the foregoing embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product may comprise one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on the computer, the processes or functions according to the embodiments of the present application will be generated in whole or in part. The computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices. The computer instructions may be stored in or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from a website, computer, server or data center Transmission to another website site, computer, server, or data center by wired (eg, coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (eg, infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer, or a data storage device such as a server or a data center integrated with one or more available media.

In order to clearly describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, in the embodiments of the present application, numbers such as "first" and "second" are used to distinguish the same or similar items with basically the same function and effect. For example, the first DRB is only used to distinguish it from other DRBs, and its sequence is not limited. Those skilled in the art can understand that numbers such as "first" and "second" do not limit the quantity and execution sequence.

In the embodiments of the present application, "multiple" means two or more. "And/or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there may be three types of relationships, for example, A and/or B, which can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone, where A, B can be singular or plural. The character "/" generally indicates that the contextual objects are an "or" relationship. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one item (unit) of a, b, or c may represent: a, b, c; a and b; a and c; b and c; or a and b and c. Where a, b, c can be single or multiple.

Those skilled in the art can appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of the examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are executed by hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Skilled artisans may use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be regarded as exceeding the scope of the present application.

Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working process of the system, device and unit described above can refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment, and details are not repeated here.

In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices and methods may be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only illustrative. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or May be integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored, or not implemented. In another point, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.

The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Part or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, each unit may exist separately physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

If the functions described above are realized in the form of software function units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art or the part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including Several instructions are used to make a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present application. The aforementioned storage media include: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (read-only memory, ROM), random access memory (random access memory, RAM), magnetic disk or optical disc, etc., which can store program codes. .

The above is only a specific implementation of the application, but the scope of protection of the application is not limited thereto. Anyone familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the application. Should be covered within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

A method for sending uplink data packets, comprising:

Mapping the uplink data packet to one or more data channels, the uplink data packet of each data channel in the one or more data channels is identified with a service priority, wherein the service priority is used to identify the The priority order when the above-mentioned uplink data packets are sent;

mapping the uplink data packet in the first data channel of the one or more data channels to M service priority queues configured in the first data radio bearer DRB, and the M service priority queues are respectively Corresponding to different service priorities, wherein the uplink data packets identified with the same service priority in the first data channel are mapped to one of the M service priority queues, where M is greater than or equal to positive integer of 2;

sending the uplink data packet in the first DRB.
The method according to claim 1, wherein the mapping the uplink data packet to one or more data channels, the uplink data packet identification in each data channel in the one or more data channels There are service priorities, including:

Filter the uplink data packet according to the uplink quality of service QoS rule, so as to map the uplink data packet to the one or more data channels, wherein each of the one or more data channels mapped to the The uplink data packets of the data channels carry a filtering result, and the filtering result includes the service priority.
The method according to claim 2, wherein the filtering result further includes a sending delay of the uplink data packet, and the sending delay indicates a delay requirement of the uplink data packet.
The method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the uplink QoS rule comprises a first QoS rule, and the first QoS rule is used to filter the uplink data packet to obtain the In the filtering result, the first QoS rule is configured according to the requirements of the application layer.
The method according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the uplink data packets in the first data channel come from N services, and the services corresponding to the M service priority queues have priority The level is configured according to the service characteristics of the N services, and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2;

The sending the uplink data packet in the first DRB includes:

According to the service priorities corresponding to the M service priority queues in the first DRB, schedule the M service priority queues in the first DRB to send the Uplink data packets.
The method according to any one of claims 2-5, wherein the uplink QoS rule includes a filter parameter, wherein the filter parameter of the Internet Protocol IP data packet is a combination of the following items:

source IP address;

Destination IP address;

Internet Protocol Version 6 prefixes;

source port number range;

Destination port number range;

protocol identifier;

next header;

Service type;

Scope of communication classification;

stream label; or,

Ethernet type.
The method according to any one of claims 2-5, wherein the uplink QoS rule includes a filter parameter, wherein the filter parameter of the media access control MAC data packet is a combination of the following items:

source MAC address;

Destination MAC address;

Virtual local area network VLAN protocol client tag VLAN identifier range;

VLAN protocol service tag VLAN identifier range;

VLAN protocol client tag priority code point/discard identification;

VLAN Protocol Service Tag Priority Code Point/Drop Identification; or,

Ethernet type.
The method according to any one of claims 2-7, wherein there are at least two uplink QoS rules, and,

The at least two uplink QoS rules have filtering priority, or,

The at least two uplink QoS rules are arranged according to filtering priority;

Wherein, the filtering priority is used to indicate the order in which the uplink data packets pass through the at least two uplink QoS rules.
The method according to any one of claims 5-8, wherein the scheduling the M service priority queues in the first DRB includes:

Using one or more of the following scheduling algorithms to schedule the M service priority queues in the first DRB:

Strict priority SP;

Weighted Round Robin WRR; or,

Weighted Deficit Round Robin Scheduling WDRR.
A communication device, characterized by comprising:

A processing unit, configured to map the uplink data packet to one or more data channels, the uplink data packet in each data channel of the one or more data channels is identified with a service priority, wherein the service The priority is used to identify the priority order when the uplink data packets are sent;

And, mapping the uplink data packet in the first data channel of the one or more data channels to the M service priority queues of the first data radio bearer DRB, the M service priority queues respectively corresponding to different service priorities, wherein the uplink data packets identified with the same service priority in the first data channel are mapped to the same service priority queue among the M service priority queues , M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2;

A sending unit, configured to send the uplink data packet in the first DRB.
The communication device according to claim 10, wherein the processing unit is specifically configured to:

Filter the uplink data packet according to the uplink quality of service QoS rule, so as to map the uplink data packet to the one or more data channels, wherein each of the one or more data channels mapped to the The uplink data packets of the data channels carry a filtering result, and the filtering result includes the service priority.
The communication device according to claim 11, wherein the filtering result further includes a sending delay of the uplink data packet, and the sending delay indicates a delay requirement of the uplink data packet.
The communication device according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the uplink QoS rule comprises a first QoS rule, and the first QoS rule is used to filter the uplink data packet to obtain the uplink data packet The filtering result of the packet, wherein the first QoS rule is configured according to the requirements of the application layer.
The communication device according to any one of claims 10-13, wherein the uplink data packets in the first data channel come from N services, and the services corresponding to the M service priority queues The priority is configured according to the service characteristics of the N services, and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2;

And, the processing unit is specifically used for:

According to the priorities corresponding to the M service priority queues in the first DRB, schedule the M service priority queues in the first DRB to send the uplink in the first DRB data pack.
The communication device according to any one of claims 11-14, wherein the uplink QoS rule includes a filter parameter, wherein the filter parameter of the Internet Protocol IP data packet is a combination of the following items:

source IP address;

Destination IP address;

Internet Protocol Version 6 prefixes;

source port number range;

Destination port number range;

protocol identifier;

next header;

Service type;

Scope of communication classification;

stream label; or,

Ethernet type.
The communication device according to any one of claims 11-14, wherein the uplink QoS rule includes a filter parameter, wherein the filter parameter of the medium access control MAC data packet is a combination of the following items:

source MAC address;

Destination MAC address;

Virtual local area network VLAN protocol client tag VLAN identifier range;

VLAN protocol service tag VLAN identifier range;

VLAN protocol client tag priority code point/discard identification;

VLAN Protocol Service Tag Priority Code Point/Drop Identification; or,

Ethernet type.
The communication device according to any one of claims 11-16, wherein there are at least two uplink QoS rules, and,

The at least two uplink QoS rules have filtering priority, or,

The at least two uplink QoS rules are arranged according to filtering priority;

Wherein, the filtering priority is used to indicate the order in which the uplink data packets pass through the at least two uplink QoS rules.
The communication device according to any one of claims 14-17, wherein the processing unit is specifically configured to use one or more of the following scheduling algorithms to schedule the M in the first DRB A service priority queue:

Strict priority SP;

Weighted Round Robin WRR; or,

Weighted Deficit Round Robin Scheduling WDRR.
A communication device, characterized in that it includes at least one processor, the at least one processor is coupled to at least one memory, and the at least one processor is configured to execute a computer program or instructions stored in the at least one memory, so that The communication device executes the method according to any one of claims 1-9.
A chip, characterized in that it includes a processor and a communication interface, the communication interface is used to receive data and/or information, and transmit the received data and/or information to the processor, and the processor processes Said data and/or information to perform the method as claimed in any one of claims 1-9.
A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that computer instructions are stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer instructions are run on a computer, the method according to any one of claims 1-9 is implemented .
A computer program product, characterized in that the computer program product includes computer program code, and when the computer program code is run on a computer, the method according to any one of claims 1-9 is implemented.