WO2023088489A1 - 储油罐安全评估方法、装置、计算机设备及存储介质 - Google Patents

储油罐安全评估方法、装置、计算机设备及存储介质 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2023088489A1
WO2023088489A1 PCT/CN2022/134997 CN2022134997W WO2023088489A1 WO 2023088489 A1 WO2023088489 A1 WO 2023088489A1 CN 2022134997 W CN2022134997 W CN 2022134997W WO 2023088489 A1 WO2023088489 A1 WO 2023088489A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oil storage
storage tank
explosion
overpressure
critical
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/134997
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐大用
岳清瑞
蒋会春
沈赣苏
秦宇
董方
习树峰
施钟淇
凌君
Original Assignee
深圳市城市公共安全技术研究院有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 深圳市城市公共安全技术研究院有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市城市公共安全技术研究院有限公司
Priority to ZA2023/01682A priority Critical patent/ZA202301682B/en
Publication of WO2023088489A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023088489A1/zh

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
    • G06Q10/063—Operations research, analysis or management
    • G06Q10/0639—Performance analysis of employees; Performance analysis of enterprise or organisation operations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
    • G06Q10/063—Operations research, analysis or management
    • G06Q10/0635—Risk analysis of enterprise or organisation activities
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/10—Services
    • G06Q50/26—Government or public services
    • G06Q50/265—Personal security, identity or safety
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T17/00—Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects
    • G06T17/20—Finite element generation, e.g. wire-frame surface description, tesselation

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of computers, and in particular to an oil storage tank safety assessment method, device, computer equipment and storage medium.
  • the purpose of the embodiment of the present application is to provide a safety assessment method, device, computer equipment and storage medium for an oil storage tank, which can be used to solve the above-mentioned problems.
  • An aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a method for evaluating the safety of an oil storage tank in an explosive environment, including:
  • the safety of the oil storage tank is determined according to the critical structural failure pressure and the critical impulse of structural failure under different filling degrees.
  • the explosion-facing surface of the oil storage tank is divided into meshes
  • Correction is performed based on the reference size grid to obtain a target size grid of the explosion-facing surface of the oil storage tank.
  • the determining the explosion shock pressure analysis mode for the oil storage tank according to the explosion type includes:
  • the numerical simulation method is used as the explosion shock pressure analysis method
  • the empirical method is used as the analysis method for the explosion shock pressure.
  • simulating the overpressure load and overpressure duration on the explosion-facing surface of the oil storage tank according to the explosion shock pressure analysis method includes:
  • explosion shock pressure analysis method is the numerical simulation method, then numerically simulate the explosion process, output the explosion overpressure curve, and the explosion overpressure curve represents the relationship between the overpressure load and the overpressure duration;
  • the explosion impact pressure analysis method is the empirical method, calculate the equivalent distance of explosion, determine the interval time, angle, and height of the double explosion sources, and then calculate the explosion overpressure curve according to the preset state equation.
  • loading the overpressure load into the three-dimensional finite element analysis model of the oil storage tank, and determining the critical time when the damage degree of the oil storage tank reaches a preset critical value under different filling degrees include:
  • the critical time corresponding to each of the filling degrees is determined.
  • the method also includes:
  • the characteristics of the oil storage tank choose to load the fire heat radiation flux or the initial temperature distribution on the outer surface of the oil storage tank;
  • the heat radiation flux of the fire on the outer surface of the oil storage tank or the initial temperature distribution and the convective heat transfer coefficient of the inner surface of the oil storage tank are used together with the overpressure load to be loaded into the three-dimensional finite element in the analysis model.
  • the determining the safety of the oil storage tank according to the critical structural failure pressure and the critical impulse of structural failure under different filling degrees includes:
  • the safety change characteristics of the oil storage tank at different filling degrees are determined
  • Whether to fill the oil storage tank is determined according to the target safe filling degree and the oil storage capacity in the oil storage tank.
  • the explosion type is solid explosion or dust explosion, it also includes:
  • the multiple grids include multi-level grids of different sizes, wherein the settings of the grids at each level are based on the position of the grid and the orientation of the target coordinates depends;
  • the initial eigenvalues of each grid are obtained; wherein, the ground data includes tags and attribute description information used to identify the ground type; the bearer data includes bearer Type label, attribute description information of the bearer, the attribute description information of the bearer includes the shape, size, and height of the bearer; wherein, the initial feature value is obtained by normalizing each information in the ground data
  • the normalized value and the normalized value of each information in the bearer data are input into the trained normalized model to obtain, and the normalized model is used to detect the congestion index of a single grid;
  • the target eigenvalue of each grid is obtained; wherein, each level corresponds to a different weight, and the target eigenvalue is the product of the initial eigenvalue of the corresponding grid and the corresponding weight;
  • the target congestion feature array and the ignition energy of the explosion source are input into the trained detonation prediction model to obtain the detonation probability.
  • An aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a safety assessment device for oil storage tanks in explosive environments, including:
  • the first determination module is used to determine the explosion type and the natural vibration period of the oil storage tank
  • the second determination module is used to determine the explosion shock pressure analysis method for the oil storage tank according to the explosion type
  • a simulation module configured to simulate the overpressure load and overpressure duration of the explosion-facing surface of the oil storage tank according to the explosion shock pressure analysis method
  • a third determining module configured to determine the damage judgment standard of the oil storage tank according to the natural vibration period and the overpressure duration
  • the fourth determination module is used to load the overpressure load into the three-dimensional finite element analysis model of the oil storage tank, and determine the critical time when the damage degree of the oil storage tank reaches a preset critical value under different filling degrees , the degree of filling represents the liquid level in the oil storage tank;
  • the fifth determination module is used to determine the critical structural failure pressure and critical impulse of structural failure under different filling degrees according to the critical time and the damage judgment standard;
  • the sixth determining module is used to determine the safety of the oil storage tank according to the critical structural damage pressure and critical structural damage impulse under different filling degrees.
  • An aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a computer device, the computer device includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and operable on the processor, when the processor executes the computer program , which is used to realize the safety assessment method of the oil storage tank in the explosive environment mentioned above.
  • An aspect of the embodiments of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, where a computer program is stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and the computer program can be executed by at least one processor, so that the at least one The processor executes the steps of the method for evaluating the safety of an oil storage tank in an explosive environment as described above.
  • the oil storage tank safety assessment method, device, computer equipment, and storage medium provided in the embodiments of the present application may at least include the following advantages: it is necessary to characterize the explosion overpressure change process according to different explosion types, based on the natural vibration period of the oil storage tank and the overpressure Duration, select the appropriate damage standard, carry out the structural dynamic response of the oil storage tank under different explosion shock waves, obtain different oil storage tank damage judgment standards, and realize the rapid and accurate safety assessment of the oil storage tank structure under the influence of the explosion shock wave, Has strong pertinence.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a flow chart of a safety assessment method for an oil storage tank in an explosive environment according to Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 schematically shows a block diagram of an oil storage tank safety assessment device in an explosive environment according to Embodiment 2 of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a hardware architecture of a computer device suitable for implementing a method for evaluating the safety of an oil storage tank in an explosive environment according to Embodiment 3 of the present application.
  • oil storage tanks are large containers for storing oil products and are the main equipment of oil depots.
  • oil storage tanks can be divided into metal oil tanks and non-metal oil tanks; according to their location, they can be divided into underground oil tanks, semi-underground oil tanks and above-ground oil tanks; according to the installation form, they can be divided into vertical oil storage tanks and horizontal oil storage tanks.
  • Tank according to the shape, it can be divided into cylindrical, square box and spherical.
  • the materials required for the oil storage tank project are divided into tank body materials and ancillary facilities materials.
  • Vertical oil storage tank body materials can be divided into low-strength steel and high-strength steel according to tensile yield strength or tensile standard strength.
  • High-strength steel is mostly used for oil storage tanks above 5000m 3 ; , ladders, guardrails, etc.) are made of low-strength ordinary carbon structural steel, and other accessories and accessories are made of other materials according to different purposes.
  • the domestic steel materials commonly used in the manufacture of tanks are 20, 20R, 16Mn, 16MnR and Q235 series wait.
  • This application provides a safety assessment method for oil storage tanks in an explosive environment.
  • the change process of the explosion shock wave is characterized, and then based on the natural vibration period of the oil storage tank and the duration of the normal phase of the shock wave, an appropriate damage standard is selected and carried out.
  • the structural dynamic response process of the oil storage tank under different explosion shock waves finally obtained the critical criteria for judging the damage of the oil storage tank under different types of explosions.
  • the method described in this embodiment can run in the computer device 10000 in the form of code.
  • the method for evaluating the safety of an oil storage tank in an explosive environment may include steps S100-S112, wherein:
  • Step S100 Determine the explosion type and the natural vibration period of the oil storage tank.
  • the natural vibration period can be calculated by the following formula:
  • T C is the basic natural vibration period of the coupling vibration between the oil storage tank and the liquid storage (seconds)
  • R is the inner radius of the oil tank (m)
  • H W is the maximum liquid level of the oil tank design (m)
  • ⁇ 3 is the distance between the tank wall and the bottom plate Effective thickness (m) at 1/3 height
  • K C is the coupling vibration period coefficient.
  • the explosion type may be vapor cloud explosion, solid explosion, or dust explosion. Different explosion types correspond to different explosion shock wave load forms and dynamic responses, and correspond to different and operable safety assessment methods.
  • Step S102 Determine an explosion shock pressure analysis method for the oil storage tank according to the explosion type.
  • the numerical simulation method is used as the analysis method of the explosion shock pressure.
  • the empirical method is used as the analysis method for the explosion shock pressure.
  • Empirical formula methods may include TNT equivalent method, TNO multi-energy method, Baker-Strehlow method, etc. Selecting different explosion shock pressure analysis methods based on different explosion types can provide fast and accurate analysis and evaluation.
  • Step S104 Simulate the overpressure load and overpressure duration of the explosion-facing surface of the oil storage tank according to the explosion shock pressure analysis method.
  • the blast surface will deform under overpressure, which involves the spatial randomness of the geometry and material of the oil storage tank. Different from the spatially uniform load, the oil storage tank in this embodiment is cylindrical, and the tank wall is a curved surface.
  • the overpressure load at different places reflects the spatial distribution law, so the geometric error is directly introduced by the roughness of the numerical value.
  • the individual meshes should be neither too coarse to reflect the deformation modes nor too fine so that the structure is too perfect to reflect the buckling modes of thin-walled structures.
  • the size setting of the grid can be realized through the following steps: the explosion-facing surface of the oil storage tank is divided into grids in units of different sizes and specifications; Determine the radial displacement of the tank wall at different filling degrees for each explosion-facing surface obtained by grid division; determine the numerical discrete roughness according to the radial displacement of the tank wall of various explosion-facing surfaces at different filling degrees; The corresponding size specification of the numerical discrete roughness within the preset roughness range is determined as a reference size grid; the reference size grid is used as a benchmark for correction to obtain the target size grid of the explosion-facing surface of the oil storage tank .
  • the corresponding size specification of the numerical discrete roughness within the preset rough range is determined as the reference size grid, and further revised based on the reference size grid (fine-grained), determines the target size grid.
  • step S104 according to the explosion shock pressure analysis method, simulating the overpressure load and overpressure duration of the explosion-facing surface of the oil storage tank.
  • explosion shock pressure analysis method is the numerical simulation method, then numerically simulate the explosion process, and output the explosion overpressure curve, and the explosion overpressure curve represents the relationship between the overpressure load and the overpressure duration.
  • P i is the explosion overpressure on a single explosion surface unit
  • ⁇ is the angle between the unit normal and the global coordinates.
  • explosion shock pressure analysis method is the empirical method, then calculate the equivalent distance of the explosion, determine the interval time, angle, and height of the double explosion sources, and then calculate the explosion overpressure curve according to the preset state equation.
  • the two parameters that determine the explosion overpressure are the explosion equivalent and the distance from the measuring point.
  • the explosion equivalent distance Z can be defined according to the above two parameters:
  • R is the distance between the measuring point and the explosion point
  • W is the equivalent TNT equivalent
  • the above results cannot reflect the action time and process of the explosion shock wave, so it is necessary to use the preset equation of state for overpressure characterization.
  • the JWL equation of state is used to describe the relationship between pressure, internal energy and relative volume in the detonation process.
  • Step S106 Determine the damage criterion of the oil storage tank according to the natural vibration period and the overpressure duration.
  • the positive phase duration of explosion overpressure there are many factors affecting the positive phase duration of explosion overpressure, such as explosive substance type, volume, concentration, explosion wave propagation velocity, overpressure magnitude, measuring point location, etc., large equivalent TNT explosion, large tonnage hazardous chemical explosion, fuel oil explosion, etc.
  • the shock waves of gas explosions, nuclear explosions and other explosions last for a long time, which can reach more than 100 milliseconds, or even hundreds of milliseconds. For example, in the test, it is concluded that the larger the volume of the gas cloud, the longer the duration of the positive phase of the explosion overpressure.
  • the peak overpressure is about 0.1kpa
  • the duration of the positive phase is about 0.1s.
  • the peak overpressure is about 2.7kpa, and the positive phase lasts about 0.3 seconds.
  • the overpressure peak value 50m away from the explosion point is about 50kpa, and the positive phase duration is about 0.3 seconds.
  • the damage judgment standard can be divided into overpressure standard, impulse standard and overpressure-impulse standard.
  • the overpressure standard shall be adopted
  • the excess-stamping standard is adopted.
  • the overpressure standard takes the peak value of the explosion overpressure as the judgment standard, which is suitable for quick judgment.
  • the impulse standard takes the accumulated impulse of the explosion overpressure as the judgment standard, no matter how long the action time is, it is impossible to damage the result.
  • the overpressure-impulse standard integrates the explosion overpressure and impulse, and will be destroyed only when the two meet the critical conditions at the same time.
  • Step S108 Load the overpressure load into the three-dimensional finite element analysis model of the oil storage tank, and determine the critical time when the damage degree of the oil storage tank reaches a preset critical value under different filling degrees, and the filling degree indicates The liquid level in the oil storage tank.
  • the three-dimensional finite element analysis model is a unit combination that is connected at nodes, only relies on node force transmission, and is only constrained at nodes. Specifically: 1. Select the grid type and define the analysis type. 2. Add material properties: Material properties can be selected from the material library. It does not take into account factors such as defects and surface conditions. Compared with geometric models, it has more uncertainties. 3. Imposing constraints: Defining constraints is the place where errors are most likely to occur. 4. Input the overpressure load to determine the size, distribution and time dependence of the explosion overpressure. The mechanical response can be obtained through the above modeling.
  • step S108 may be implemented through the following steps: (1) according to the structural features, material features, anchoring features of the oil storage tank and the wind-resistant structural features on the oil storage tank, Discretize the geometric model of the oil storage tank to establish the three-dimensional finite element analysis model; (2) load the overpressure load into the three-dimensional finite element analysis model to obtain the The change curve of the degree of destruction under different filling degrees, which indicates the relationship between the degree of damage and the duration; (2) According to the change curve of the degree of destruction under each filling degree, determine the critical time corresponding to each filling degree.
  • Structural features which can include shape, wall thickness, size, etc.
  • Material characteristics which can include material category, material properties, etc.
  • Anchoring features which can include anchoring at various positions, such as bottom anchoring, etc.;
  • the characteristics of the wind-resistant structure may include whether there is a wind-resistant ring, etc.
  • the element algorithm is required to have translation and rotation degrees of freedom to reflect the bending characteristics of thin-walled structures.
  • three-dimensional shell elements can be used to discretize the geometric model of the oil storage tank.
  • the oil storage tank wall enters the post-buckling stage after being unstable, the structure undergoes large deformation, and the material produces plastic strain.
  • the process can be described by the von Mises yield criterion and the bilinear plastic flow criterion. If the bottom of the oil storage tank is anchored, the anchoring conditions can be equivalent to constraining the translational and rotational degrees of freedom of the bottom nodes and providing boundary conditions.
  • the liquid inside the oil storage tank will press the tank wall under the action of gravity, causing internal stress on the tank wall, which may change the stress distribution and buckling properties of the tank body, so it is necessary to carry out oil storage tanks with different filling degrees. Buckling analysis.
  • the pressure caused by the filling can be calculated using the following formula:
  • F C represents the degree of filling
  • H represents the height of the oil storage tank.
  • the size of the oil storage tank is large, the material density is high, and it is self-heavy, and the structural internal stress generated by gravity will also affect the buckling properties of the structure, so the influence of gravity must be considered in the simulation analysis.
  • the gravity pressure can be slowly loaded to a constant value, the tensile stress will inhibit the buckling behavior, and the compressive stress will lead to the buckling behavior.
  • the internal stress distribution of the tank wall It is relatively complicated, and it is difficult to use theoretical calculations to obtain the analytical solution of the critical wind pressure of the oil storage tank, so it is necessary to use numerical methods to solve it.
  • Step S110 According to the critical time and the damage judgment standard, determine the critical structural failure pressure and the critical impulse of structural failure under different filling degrees.
  • the structural material of the oil storage tank Under the impact load of the explosion, the structural material of the oil storage tank first exhibits elastic strain, and then enters plasticity, which leads to buckling, that is, the weakening of the mechanical properties of the material and the permanent deformation of the structure; if the load continues, the structural material is completely damaged and the oil storage tank ruptures and combustible leaks.
  • the critical time is obtained by means of: the Von Mises stress in a certain sub-region exceeds the yield strength of the material, the maximum radial displacement is greater than a preset value, or the equivalent plastic strain suddenly appears.
  • Step S112 Determine the safety of the oil storage tank according to the critical structural failure pressure and the critical impulse of structural failure under different filling degrees.
  • the above step S112 can be achieved through the following steps: (1) according to the structural damage critical pressure and structure under different filling degrees Destroying the critical impulse, determining the safety change characteristics of the oil storage tank at different filling degrees; (2) determining the sudden jump of the safety of the oil storage tank according to the safety change characteristics; (3) determining the safety change characteristics of the oil storage tank according to the In case of a sudden jump, determine the target safe filling degree of the oil storage tank; (4) determine whether to fill the oil storage tank according to the target safe filling degree and the oil storage capacity in the oil storage tank.
  • the oil storage tank begins to undergo dynamic buckling and plastic deformation; at 1.380s, the tank The corrugated deformation of the wall, at this time, no plastic strain occurs, and the tank body is in the elastic buckling range; at 1.790s, the tank wall reaches the maximum radial deformation, and obvious overall deformation and local corrugated plastic strain can be observed; 3.0s When it is completely unloaded, the tank wall has very obvious residual deformation, and the structure has actually lost its bearing capacity at this time.
  • the tank wall When the filling degree is 40%, the tank wall is elastically deformed before 1.385s; at 1.695s, the tank wall reaches the maximum radial deformation, and obvious overall deformation and local corrugated plastic strain can be observed, but the deformation degree is lower than 0%
  • the filling degree should be small; when it is completely unloaded at 3.0s, the tank wall has very obvious residual deformation, and the structure has actually lost its bearing capacity at this time.
  • the filling degree is 80%, it can be seen that the anti-deformation ability of the tank body has been greatly enhanced, and no obvious plastic behavior is observed before 1.415s; the tank wall reaches the maximum deformation at 1.535s, but the degree of deformation is significantly smaller than that of the tank with a low filling degree
  • the tank body it was completely unloaded at 3.0s, and the upper part of the tank wall remained with obvious large plastic deformation.
  • the duration of the positive phase of the vapor cloud explosion shock wave is about 200-700s, and the overpressure-impulse criterion is used to determine the damage of the oil storage tank.
  • the critical pressure and critical impulse of the oil storage tank damage under the shock load of the vapor cloud explosion in this example are given .
  • the critical pressure and critical impulse of the oil storage tank with the wind resistance ring are obviously greater than those of the oil storage tank without the wind resistance ring. It can be seen that the wind resistance ring can significantly improve the shock wave resistance of the oil storage tank.
  • the critical pressure or critical impulse of oil storage tank structure damage is relatively stable, the critical pressure is about 14-15kPa, and the critical impulse is about 1400-1500KN*S.
  • the critical pressure of oil storage tank damage increases rapidly by 60%, and the critical impulse rapidly increases by more than 40%, which greatly improves the stability of the oil storage tank; when there is no filling degree, when the filling degree When the filling degree is less than 70%, the critical pressure and critical impulse rise slowly, while when the filling degree exceeds 70%, the critical pressure and impulse also rise rapidly. It is therefore possible to set the minimum fill level of the oil tank to 70%.
  • the duration of the overpressure positive phase does not exceed 50s, and the impulse standard should be used to determine the damage of the oil storage tank.
  • the impulse is about 60-80KN*S, which is much smaller than the critical impulse under the vapor cloud explosion. This is because the explosion Although the shock wave pressure is high, its action time is very short, maybe even less than 10ms, so the relatively low cumulative impulse is enough to destroy the oil storage tank. Comparing different filling degrees, when the filling degree of the oil storage tank is less than 50%, the critical impulse of oil storage tank failure does not change much, but when the filling degree exceeds 50%, the critical impulse increases rapidly, and the filling degree is 80% compared with 50%. Critical impulse increased by 35%, improving tank stability.
  • the method further includes: screening working conditions that do not reach the preset critical value; simulating the fire heat radiation flux and tank wall temperature distribution of the working conditions; The characteristics of the fire heat radiation flux or the initial temperature distribution are selected to be loaded on the outer surface of the oil storage tank; according to the fire heat radiation flux or the initial temperature distribution, the convective heat transfer coefficient of the inner surface of the oil storage tank is calculated; where , the fire heat radiation flux of the outer surface of the oil storage tank or the initial temperature distribution, the convective heat transfer coefficient of the inner surface of the oil storage tank are used to be loaded into the three-dimensional finite element analysis together with the overpressure load model.
  • the working condition refers to the explosion-facing surface that does not reach the preset critical value.
  • the explosion will cause oil and gas leakage to spread, form a pool fire, weaken the structural materials of adjacent oil storage tanks, and accelerate the buckling and rupture of the oil storage tank structure.
  • the inventor of the present application believes that most of the fires are actually flowing fires, or oil pool fires with regular shapes and uneven shapes. It is not accurate to use circular oil pool fires to calculate the fire heat radiation flux on the wall of the oil storage tank, so it can be based on the research
  • the objective is to choose to load the thermal radiation flux or directly load the initial temperature distribution on the tank surface. The outer surface of the oil storage tank is heated, and the main way of heat transfer to the internal liquid is heat convection.
  • the temperature distribution of the oil storage tank is as follows:
  • ⁇ is the angle from the point to the center line of the blast surface, the angle of the center line of the blast surface is 0, ⁇ 0 is the maximum angle of the oil storage tank affected by thermal radiation, T 0a is the air temperature, T 0m is the fire reaching a steady state After, the maximum temperature of 0 degree angle.
  • the convective heat transfer coefficient is determined by the following formula:
  • N C(GP) a
  • N is the Nusselt number
  • h is the convective heat transfer coefficient
  • L is the characteristic length
  • k is the thermal conductivity coefficient
  • G is the Grashof number
  • P is the Prandtl number
  • C is 0.59
  • a is 0.25.
  • the material in the warm zone has a greater degree of thermal expansion, and the tank wall material is compressed along the circumferential direction, while the material in the low temperature zone has a low degree of expansion, which has in-plane and out-of-plane constraints on the material in the high temperature zone. Under the joint influence of the material thermal expansion in the high temperature region and the material constraint in the low temperature region, the tank wall is prone to local buckling.
  • An oil storage tank with a wind-resistant ring and a filling degree of 80% was selected for analysis. After the thermal radiation flux was loaded for 100, 200, 300, and 400 seconds, the explosion overpressure was immediately loaded. When the thermal radiation flux is loaded for 100, 200, 300, and 400 seconds, the thermal conductivity coefficient of the oil storage tank material changes with temperature, and the influence of the internal liquid convective heat transfer coefficient with temperature changes, the temperature rise rate of the oil storage tank gradually decreases with the increase of temperature. slow. The anti-knock performance of the oil storage tank, after being heated for 100s and then subjected to the explosion load, the critical buckling pressure of the oil storage tank has increased.
  • the critical buckling pressure of the oil storage tank drops rapidly and begins to be lower than the pressure level without heating. After heating at 32kw/m 2 for 400s, the critical buckling pressure of the oil storage tank drops by about 40%. It is noted that the elastic modulus and yield strength of the material decrease with the increase of temperature, but the tangent modulus increases with the increase of temperature from 16°C to 300°C, and decreases with the increase of temperature after 300°C, which shows that in During the coupling process of thermal radiation and explosion overpressure, the tangent modulus of the material may have a significant impact on the anti-explosion ability of the oil storage tank.
  • the critical buckling pressure of the oil storage tank is significantly lower than that of the 24kW/m 2 working condition, that is, the temperature has a significant weakening effect on the antiknock ability of the oil storage tank.
  • the method may further include: acquiring 3D image information of the area where the oil storage tank is located, the 3D image information including terrain data and Ground bearing data; according to the 3D image information, determine the target area between the oil storage tank and the explosion source; perform grid division on the target area to obtain multiple grids, and the multiple grids include different The size of the multi-level grid, where the setting of each level of grid is determined according to the location of the grid and the orientation of the target coordinates; according to the ground data and load data in each grid, the initial characteristics of each grid are obtained value; wherein, the ground data includes labels used to identify the ground type, and attribute description information; the bearer data includes the type label of the bearer, the attribute description information of the bearer, and the attribute description information of the bearer Including the shape, size, and height of the bearer; wherein, the initial feature value is trained by inputting the normalized value of each information in the ground data and the normalized value of each information in the bearer
  • terrain data is data that can represent the ups and downs of the ground surface, that is, data with elevation information.
  • the description information may include type (such as river, coast, lake shore, etc.), height, and slope.
  • the ground bearing object data may include types (trees, houses, grass, etc.), shapes, densities, sizes, heights, etc. of various types of bearing objects.
  • the flame propagates in the form of deflagration, but under certain conditions, detonation may occur, which is a chemical reaction transport process accompanied by a large amount of energy release.
  • the front of the reaction zone is a shock wave moving at supersonic speed, which is called a detonation wave. After the detonation wave sweeps through, the medium becomes a high-temperature and high-pressure detonation product.
  • the detonation can be generated when the vapor cloud is ignited, or it can be caused by The phenomenon of deflagration is transformed. In oil and gas storage areas, the transition from deflagration to detonation occurs more frequently, which is a secondary hazard caused by vapor cloud explosions.
  • Deflagration-to-detonation occurs when the flame front passes through a congested area and reaches a certain velocity. There are a number of factors that affect the onset of detonation and the transition from deflagration to detonation, including ignition energy, confinement or congestion of obstacles, turbulence, and other factors.
  • the energy of the ignition source that produces detonation is higher than that of deflagration, and the ignition energy of detonation is close to 106J, such as discharge (lightning), high-energy unstable substances (detonators or TNT), internal explosions in pump rooms or generator rooms, and deflagration
  • the ignition energy can be as low as 10-4J; the limitation of obstacles or the degree of congestion also have an impact on detonation, and deflagration to detonation is prone to occur in areas where equipment and facilities are densely arranged in oil and gas storage areas, where trees are concentrated, and terrain slit areas, etc. Phenomenon.
  • turbulence can act as a driving factor, causing a sudden change in the flame propagation mode from deflagration to detonation.
  • the speed of flame propagation exceeds the speed of sound (2-5 times the speed of sound).
  • the turbulence is no longer required to maintain
  • the propagation speed itself means that the unobstructed part or the static combustible part inside the gas cloud may also participate in the explosion.
  • the overpressure generated by vapor cloud detonation can reach tens of atmospheres, and the destructive force produced far exceeds that of deflagration.
  • the reactants and products before and after the explosion of the flammable vapor cloud can be considered as ideal gases.
  • Different terrain data and load data will have a certain impact on whether a detonation occurs. Therefore, first determine the target area that may have an impact on detonation, and then divide the target area into a network.
  • the terrain and loads corresponding to different networks, as well as the distance and orientation corresponding to the oil storage tank are different, and the impact on detonation different, so each mesh is graded.
  • the settings of the grids at all levels are determined according to the distance and orientation between the grid location and the target coordinates.
  • the initial eigenvalues of each grid are obtained. It should be noted that the initial feature value may be obtained according to a predetermined rule, or may be obtained through a trained regression model, which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • the target eigenvalues of each grid are obtained.
  • the initial eigenvalues are converted to target eigenvalues.
  • These target feature values, ignition energy, etc. can be used to input into another trained prediction model (such as regression model, neural network model, etc.) to obtain the detonation probability/detonation degree.
  • the overpressure positive phase time of steam cloud explosion is generally about 0.1s-2s
  • the overpressure-impulse standard should be established
  • solid explosions and dust explosions generally have an overpressure positive phase time of less than 0.05s, an impulse standard should be established.
  • the critical buckling pressure and critical impulse of the oil storage tank basically do not change with the filling degree, and when the filling degree exceeds 70%, the critical buckling pressure and critical impulse increase rapidly by 60% and 40%; for solid explosions, when the filling degree of the oil storage tank is less than 50%, the critical impulse of oil storage tank damage does not change much, but when the filling degree exceeds 50%, the critical impulse increases rapidly, and the filling degree of 80% is compared with that of 50%. %, Critical Impulse increased by 35%. Therefore, from the perspective of improving the anti-knock ability, the filling degree of the oil storage tank should always be kept greater than 70%.
  • the method further includes: based on the location of the explosion source, height and the spatial coordinates of each sub-area to obtain the shock wave velocity corresponding to each sub-area; based on the spatial coordinates and shock wave velocity of each sub-area, the spatial correlation coefficient between each sub-area and other sub-areas is obtained; according to each sub-area and other sub-areas According to the spatial correlation coefficient between sub-regions, the interaction power spectrum of each sub-region is obtained; according to the shock wave interaction power spectrum of each sub-region, the decomposition matrix of each sub-region is obtained; according to the decomposition matrix of each sub-region, the phase of each sub-region is obtained and according to the phase of each sub-region and the decomposition matrix, obtain the respective shock wave velocity time history of the multiple sub-regions; according to the respective shock wave velocity time history of the multiple sub-regions; according to the respective shock wave velocity time history of the multiple sub-regions
  • the spatial correlation coefficient between each sub-region is calculated as follows:
  • coh represents the spatial correlation coefficient between a and b
  • y a , y b , z a , z b are the spatial coordinates of a and b
  • Cy y and C z are the preset attenuation coefficients
  • v(z) are the respective shock wave velocities
  • w is the shock wave frequency.
  • the shock wave interaction power spectrum of each sub-region is obtained.
  • S a (w) and S b (w) are the respective power spectra of a and b, and coh(w) is the spatial correlation coefficient of the two.
  • the calculation method of the power spectrum S(w) can be:
  • v r is the target shock wave velocity
  • x 1200w/v r
  • k is determined according to the roughness of the ground.
  • the decomposition matrix S(w l ) of each sub-region is obtained.
  • m is the total number of sub-regions
  • H jk (w kl ) is the decomposition matrix of the interaction power spectrum S(w l ) of each sub-region.
  • w kl is the double index circle frequency, which can be calculated by the following formula:
  • the phase of each sub-region is obtained.
  • ⁇ jk is the phase of H jk (w kl ), and its expression is the tangent function of the ratio of imaginary part to real part of H jk (w kl ):
  • the respective shock wave time histories u(t) of the multiple sub-regions are obtained.
  • the purpose of simulating shock wave is to generate a shock wave time-history curve that satisfies certain randomness and specified characteristic spectrum. specifically:
  • j 1,2,...,m; is a random phase uniformly distributed in the [0,2 ⁇ ) interval.
  • the accurate shock wave time histories of each sub-region with spatial correlation can be obtained by the above method with a relatively low calculation amount.
  • Fig. 2 schematically shows a block diagram of a safety assessment device for an oil storage tank in an explosive environment according to Embodiment 2 of the present application.
  • the oil storage tank safety assessment device in an explosive environment can be divided into one or more program modules, one or more program modules are stored in a storage medium, and executed by one or more processors to complete the application Example.
  • the program module referred to in the embodiment of the present application refers to a series of computer program instruction segments capable of performing specific functions. The following description will specifically introduce the functions of each program module in this embodiment. As shown in FIG.
  • the oil storage tank safety assessment device 200 in an explosive environment may include a first determining module 210, a second determining module 220, a simulation module 230, a third determining module 240, a fourth determining module 250, a fifth determining module Determination module 260, sixth determination module 270, wherein:
  • the first determination module 210 is used to determine the explosion type and the natural vibration period of the oil storage tank;
  • the second determining module 220 is configured to determine an explosion shock pressure analysis method for the oil storage tank according to the explosion type
  • the simulation module 230 is used to simulate the overpressure load and overpressure duration of the explosion-facing surface of the oil storage tank according to the explosion shock pressure analysis method;
  • the third determination module 240 is configured to determine the damage judgment standard of the oil storage tank according to the natural vibration period and the overpressure duration;
  • the fourth determination module 250 is configured to load the overpressure load into the three-dimensional finite element analysis model of the oil storage tank, and determine the critical time when the damage degree of the oil storage tank reaches a preset critical value under different filling degrees, The degree of filling indicates the liquid level in said storage tank;
  • the fifth determination module 260 is configured to determine the critical structural failure pressure and the critical impulse of structural failure under different filling degrees according to the critical time and the damage judgment standard;
  • the sixth determination module 270 is configured to determine the safety of the oil storage tank according to the critical structural failure pressure and the critical impulse of structural failure under different filling degrees.
  • the device further includes a division module, configured to:
  • the explosion-facing surface of the oil storage tank is divided into meshes
  • Correction is performed based on the reference size grid to obtain a target size grid of the explosion-facing surface of the oil storage tank.
  • the second determination module 220 is also configured to:
  • the numerical simulation method is used as the explosion shock pressure analysis method
  • the empirical method is used as the analysis method for the explosion shock pressure.
  • the simulation module 230 is also used for:
  • explosion shock pressure analysis method is the numerical simulation method, then numerically simulate the explosion process, output each explosion overpressure curve, and the explosion overpressure curve represents the relationship between overpressure load and overpressure duration;
  • the explosion impact pressure analysis method is the empirical method, calculate the equivalent distance of explosion, determine the interval time, angle, and height of the double explosion sources, and then calculate the explosion overpressure curve according to the preset state equation.
  • the fourth determining module 250 is also used for:
  • the critical time corresponding to each of the filling degrees is determined.
  • the device also includes a thermal radiation loading module for:
  • the characteristics of the oil storage tank choose to load the fire heat radiation flux or the initial temperature distribution on the outer surface of the oil storage tank;
  • the heat radiation flux of the fire on the outer surface of the oil storage tank or the initial temperature distribution and the convective heat transfer coefficient of the inner surface of the oil storage tank are used together with the overpressure load to be loaded into the three-dimensional finite element in the analysis model.
  • the sixth determining module 270 is also configured to:
  • the safety change characteristics of the oil storage tank at different filling degrees are determined
  • Whether to fill the oil storage tank is determined according to the target safe filling degree and the oil storage capacity in the oil storage tank.
  • the device also includes a prediction module, configured to:
  • the multiple grids include multi-level grids of different sizes, wherein the settings of the grids at each level are based on the position of the grid and the orientation of the target coordinates depends;
  • the initial eigenvalues of each grid are obtained; wherein, the ground data includes tags and attribute description information used to identify the ground type; the bearer data includes bearer Type label, attribute description information of the bearer, the attribute description information of the bearer includes the shape, size, and height of the bearer; wherein, the initial feature value is obtained by normalizing each information in the ground data
  • the normalized value and the normalized value of each information in the bearer data are input into the trained normalized model to obtain, and the normalized model is used to detect the congestion index of a single grid;
  • the target eigenvalue of each grid is obtained; wherein, each level corresponds to a different weight, and the target eigenvalue is the product of the initial eigenvalue of the corresponding grid and the corresponding weight;
  • the target congestion feature array and the ignition energy of the explosion source are input into the trained detonation prediction model to obtain the detonation probability.
  • Fig. 3 schematically shows a schematic diagram of a hardware architecture of a computer device 10000 suitable for implementing a method for evaluating the safety of an oil storage tank in an explosive environment according to Embodiment 3 of the present application.
  • the computer device 10000 is a device capable of automatically performing numerical calculation and/or information processing according to preset or stored instructions.
  • it may be a rack server, a blade server, a tower server or a cabinet server (including an independent server, or a server cluster composed of multiple servers), and a personal computer.
  • the computer device 10000 at least includes but is not limited to: a memory 10010 , a processor 10020 , and a network interface 10030 that can communicate with each other through a system bus. in:
  • the memory 10010 includes at least one type of computer-readable storage medium, and the readable storage medium includes flash memory, hard disk, multimedia card, card-type memory (for example, SD or DX memory, etc.), random access memory (RAM), static random access memory (SRAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), magnetic memory, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc.
  • the memory 10010 may be an internal storage module of the computer device 10000 , such as a hard disk or memory of the computer device 10000 .
  • the memory 10010 can also be an external storage device of the computer device 10000, such as a plug-in hard disk equipped on the computer device 10000, a smart memory card (Smart Media Card, referred to as SMC), a secure digital (Secure Digital (referred to as SD) card, flash memory card (Flash Card) and so on.
  • the memory 10010 may also include both an internal storage module of the computer device 10000 and an external storage device thereof.
  • the memory 10010 is generally used to store the operating system and various application software installed in the computer device 10000, such as the program code of the safety assessment method for oil storage tanks in explosive environments.
  • the memory 10010 can also be used to temporarily store various types of data that have been output or will be output.
  • the processor 10020 may be a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU for short), a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or other data processing chips in some embodiments.
  • the processor 10020 is generally used to control the overall operation of the computer device 10000 , such as performing control and processing related to data interaction or communication with the computer device 10000 .
  • the processor 10020 is configured to run program codes stored in the memory 10010 or process data.
  • the network interface 10030 may include a wireless network interface or a wired network interface, and the network interface 10030 is generally used to establish a communication link between the computer device 10000 and other computer devices.
  • the network interface 10030 is used to connect the computer device 10000 with an external user terminal through a network, and establish a data transmission channel and a communication link between the computer device 10000 and an external user terminal.
  • the network can be Intranet, Internet, Global System of Mobile Communication (GSM for short), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA for short), 4G network , 5G network, Bluetooth (Bluetooth), Wi-Fi and other wireless or wired networks.
  • FIG. 3 only shows a computer device having components 10010-10030, but it should be understood that implementation of all of the illustrated components is not required and that more or fewer components may alternatively be implemented.
  • the method for safety assessment of an oil storage tank in an explosive environment stored in the memory 10010 can also be divided into one or more program modules, and one or more processors (in this embodiment, the processor 10020 ) to complete the embodiment of this application.
  • the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored.
  • a computer program is stored.
  • the steps of the method for evaluating the safety of an oil storage tank in an explosive environment in Embodiment 1 are implemented.
  • the computer-readable storage medium includes flash memory, hard disk, multimedia card, card-type memory (for example, SD or DX memory, etc.), random access memory (RAM), static random access memory (SRAM), read-only memory (ROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM), Magnetic Memory, Magnetic Disk, Optical Disk, etc.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be an internal storage unit of a computer device, such as a hard disk or a memory of the computer device.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may also be an external storage device of the computer device, such as a plug-in hard disk equipped on the computer device, a smart memory card (Smart Media Card, referred to as SMC), a secure digital ( Secure Digital (referred to as SD) card, flash memory card (Flash Card), etc.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may also include both the internal storage unit of the computer device and its external storage device.
  • the computer-readable storage medium is usually used to store the operating system and various application software installed on the computer equipment, such as the program code of the method for evaluating the safety of the oil storage tank in an explosive environment in the embodiment.
  • the computer-readable storage medium can also be used to temporarily store various types of data that have been output or will be output.
  • modules or steps of the above-mentioned embodiments of the present application can be implemented by general-purpose computing devices, and they can be concentrated on a single computing device, or distributed among multiple computing devices.
  • they may be implemented in program code executable by a computing device, thereby, they may be stored in a storage device to be executed by a computing device, and in some cases, may be implemented in a code different from that described herein
  • the steps shown or described are executed in sequence, or they are fabricated into individual integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps among them are fabricated into a single integrated circuit module for implementation.
  • embodiments of the present application are not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.

Landscapes

  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Human Resources & Organizations (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Strategic Management (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Economics (AREA)
  • Entrepreneurship & Innovation (AREA)
  • Educational Administration (AREA)
  • Tourism & Hospitality (AREA)
  • Development Economics (AREA)
  • Marketing (AREA)
  • General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Game Theory and Decision Science (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Operations Research (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Primary Health Care (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Graphics (AREA)
  • Software Systems (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

本申请公开了储油罐安全评估方法、装置、计算机设备及存储介质，包括：确定爆炸类型和储油罐的自振周期；根据爆炸类型确定针对储油罐的爆炸冲击压力分析方式；模拟储油罐的迎爆面的超压载荷以及超压持续时间；根据自振周期和超压持续时间确定储油罐的损伤判定标准；确定在不同填充度下储油罐的破坏程度达到预设临界值的临界时间；根据临界时间和损伤判定标准，确定在不同填充度下的结构破坏临界压力和结构破坏临界冲量；根据在不同填充度下的结构破坏临界压力和结构破坏临界冲量。

Description

储油罐安全评估方法、装置、计算机设备及存储介质
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求在2022年08月04日提交中国专利局、申请号为202210931069.0、发明名称为“爆炸环境下的储油罐安全评估方法及装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及计算机领域，尤其涉及储油罐安全评估方法、装置、计算机设备及存储介质。
背景技术
化工园区在大量使用管道、储油罐等典型薄壁柱壳结构的同时，其相对集中的管理模式除带来一定的规模效应外，也导致了较高的风险水平，易引发储油罐区的多米诺效应，其中爆炸和火灾对储油罐、管道、建筑等承灾体的影响最大。储油罐爆炸可能使得附近储油罐罐体破坏失效，着火物料在防火提中蔓延形成池火，同时易燃、易爆、有毒的化工原料、过程料及成品的泄漏，大大提升了可能发生二次爆炸、火灾、环境污染等潜在次生灾害的风险，严重威胁着公众的生命财产安全。因此，需要针对可能发生的爆炸事故进行应急准备并对爆炸源附近的储油罐安全进行评估。
然而，在现有技术中，应急准备和对储油罐安全评估的针对性不强、精度较差。
发明内容
本申请实施例的目的是提供储油罐安全评估方法、装置、计算机设备及存储介质，可以用于解决上文所述的问题。
本申请实施例的一个方面提供了一种爆炸环境下的储油罐安全评估方法，包括：
确定爆炸类型和储油罐的自振周期；
根据所述爆炸类型确定针对所述储油罐的爆炸冲击压力分析方式；
根据所述爆炸冲击压力分析方式，模拟所述储油罐的迎爆面的超压载荷以及超压持续时间；
根据所述自振周期和超压持续时间确定所述储油罐的损伤判定标准；
将所述超压载荷加载到所述储油罐的三维有限元分析模型中，确定在不同填充度下所述储油罐的破坏程度达到预设临界值的临界时间，填充度表示所述储油罐中的液位；
根据所述临界时间和所述损伤判定标准，确定在不同填充度下的结构破坏临界压力和结构破坏临界冲量；
根据在不同填充度下的结构破坏临界压力和结构破坏临界冲量，确定所述储油罐的安全性。
可选地，还包括：
以不同大小规格为单位，对所述储油罐的迎爆面分别进行网格划分；
根据预设超压载荷和基于不同大小网格划分得到的多种迎爆面，确定各自在不同填充度下的罐壁径向位移；
根据多种迎爆面各自在不同填充度下的罐壁径向位移，确定数值离散粗糙程度；
将处于预设粗糙范围内的数值离散粗糙程度的对应大小规格，确定为参考大小网格；
以所述参考大小网格为基准进行修正，得到所述储油罐的迎爆面的目标大小网格。
可选地，所述根据所述爆炸类型确定针对所述储油罐的爆炸冲击压力分析模式，包括：
若所述爆炸类型为蒸气云爆炸，则将数值模拟法作为所述爆炸冲击压力分析方式；
若所述爆炸类型为固体爆炸或粉尘爆炸，则将经验法作为所述爆炸冲击压力分析方式。
可选地，所述根据所述爆炸冲击压力分析方式，模拟所述储油罐的迎爆面中超压载荷以及超压持续时间，包括：
若所述爆炸冲击压力分析方式为所述数值模拟法，则数值模拟爆炸过程，输出爆炸超压曲线，所述爆炸超压曲线表示超压载荷和超压持续时间的关系；
若所述爆炸冲击压力分析方式为所述经验法，则计算爆炸当量距离、确定双爆源间隔时间、角度、高度，进而根据预设状态方程计算爆炸超压曲线。
可选地，所述将所述超压载荷加载到所述储油罐的三维有限元分析模型中，确定在不同填充度下所述储油罐的破坏程度达到预设临界值的临界时间，包括：
根据所述储油罐的结构特征、材料特征、锚固特征以及位于所述储油罐上的抗风结构特征，对所述储油罐的几何模型进行离散化处理，建立所述三维有限元分析模型；
将所述超压载荷加载到所述三维有限元分析模型中，得到所述储油罐在各填充度下的破坏程度变化曲线，破坏程度变化曲线表示破坏程度和持续时间的关系；
根据在各填充度下的破坏程度变化曲线，确定多个填充度各自对应的临界时间。
可选地，所述方法还包括：
筛选没有达到所述预设临界值的工况；
模拟所述工况的火灾热辐射通量和罐壁温度分布；
根据所述储油罐的特征，选择将火灾热辐射通量或将初始温度分布加载到储油罐外表面；
根据所述火灾热辐射通量或将初始温度分布，计算储油罐内表面的对流换热系数；
其中，所述储油罐外表面的火灾热辐射通量或将初始温度分布、所述储油罐内表面的对流换热系数用于与所述超压载荷一起被加载到所述三维有限元分析模型中。
可选地，所述根据在不同填充度下的结构破坏临界压力和结构破坏临界冲量，确定所述储油罐的安全性，包括：
根据不同填充度下的结构破坏临界压力和结构破坏临界冲量，确定所述储油罐在不同填充度下的安全变化特征；
根据所述安全变化特征，确定所述储油罐的安全性的突然跳跃情况；
根据所述突然跳跃情况，确定所述储油罐的目标安全填充度；
根据所述目标安全填充度和所述储油罐中的储油量，确定是否对所述储油罐进行填充。
可选地，在所述爆炸类型为固体爆炸或粉尘爆炸时，还包括：
获取所述储油罐所在区域的3D图像信息，所述3D图像信息包括地形数据和地面承载物数据；
根据所述3D图像信息，确定所述储油罐和爆炸源之间的目标区域；
对所述目标区域进行网格划分得到多个网格，所述多个网格包括不同大小的多级网格，其中，各级网格的设置根据网格所在位置与所述目标坐标的方位而定；
根据各网格中的地面数据和承载物数据，得到各网格的初始特征值；其中，所述地面数据包括用于标识地面类型的标签、属性描述信息；所述承载物数据包括承载物的类型标签、所述承载物的属性描述信息，所述承载物的属性描述信息包括所述承载物形状、大小、高度；其中，所述初始特征值通过将所述地面数据中各个信息的归一化值以及所述承载物数据中各个信息的归一化值输入到训练好的归一化模型中得到，所述归一化模型用于检测单个网格的拥塞指数；
根据各网格的初始特征值和对应的级别，得到各网格的目标特征值；其中，每个级别对应一个不同的权重，目标特征值为相应网格的初始特征值与相应权重之积；
将各网格的目标特征值进行拼合，得到目标拥塞特征数组；
将所述目标拥塞特征数组、爆炸源的点火能量输入到已经训练好的爆轰预测模型中，得到爆轰概率。
本申请实施例的一个方面又提供了一种爆炸环境下的储油罐安全评估装置，包括：
第一确定模块，用于确定爆炸类型和储油罐的自振周期；
第二确定模块，用于根据所述爆炸类型确定针对所述储油罐的爆炸冲击压力分析方式；
模拟模块，用于根据所述爆炸冲击压力分析方式，模拟所述储油罐的迎爆面的超压载荷以及超压持续时间；
第三确定模块，用于根据所述自振周期和超压持续时间确定所述储油罐的损伤判定标准；
第四确定模块，用于将所述超压载荷加载到所述储油罐的三维有限元分析模型中，确定在不同填充度下所述储油罐的破坏程度达到预设临界值的临界时间，填充度表示所述储油罐中的液位；
第五确定模块，用于根据所述临界时间和所述损伤判定标准，确定在不同填充度下的结构破坏临界压力和结构破坏临界冲量；
第六确定模块，用于根据在不同填充度下的结构破坏临界压力和结构破坏临界冲量，确定所述储油罐的安全性。
本申请实施例的一个方面又提供了一种计算机设备，所述计算机设备包括存储器、处理器以及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时，用于实现上述爆炸环境下的储油罐安全评估方法。
本申请实施例的一个方面又提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质内存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序可被至少一个处理器所执行，以使所述至少一个处理器执行如上述爆炸环境下的储油罐安全评估方法的步骤。
本申请实施例提供的储油罐安全评估方法、装置、计算机设备及存储介质，可以至少包括以下优点：需根据不同爆炸类型，表征爆炸超压变化过程，基于储油罐自振周期和超压持续时间，选择合适的损伤标准，开展不同爆炸冲击波下储油罐的结构动力学响应，获得不同储油罐损伤判定标准，实现储油罐结构受爆炸冲击波影响下的快速、准确的安全评估，具有较强的针对性。
附图说明
图1示意性地示出了本申请实施例一的爆炸环境下的储油罐安全评估方法的流程图。
图2示意性地示出了本申请实施例二的爆炸环境下的储油罐安全评估装置的框图。
图3示意性地示出了本申请实施例三的适于实现爆炸环境下的储油罐安全评估方法的计算机设备的硬件架构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
需要说明的是，在本申请实施例中涉及“第一”、“第二”等的描述仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。另外，各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合，但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础，当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在，也不在本申请要求的保护范围之内。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，步骤前的数字标号并不标识执行步骤的前后顺序，仅用于方便描述本申请及区别每一步骤，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
本申请涉及到的名词解释：
立式储油罐(下称储油罐)，是储存油品的大型容器，是石油库的主要设备。储油罐按材质可分金属油罐和非金属油罐；按所处位置可分地下油罐、半地下油罐和地上油罐；按安装形式可分立式储油罐、卧式储油罐；按形状可分圆柱形、方箱形和球形。
按储油罐的材料：储油罐工程所需材料分为罐体材料和附属设施材料。立式储油罐罐体材料可按抗拉屈服强度或抗拉标准强度分为低强钢和高强钢，高强钢多用于5000m 3以上储油罐；附属设施(包括抗风圈梁、锁口、盘梯、护栏等)均采用强度较低的普通碳素结构钢，其余配件、附件则根据不同的用途采用其他材质，制造罐体常用的国产钢材有20、20R、16Mn、16MnR以及Q235系列等。
本申请提供一种在爆炸环境下的储油罐安全评估方法，根据不同爆炸类型，表征爆炸冲击波变化过程，然后基于储油罐自振周期和冲击波正相持续时间，选择合适的损伤标准，开展不同爆炸冲击波下储油罐的结构动力学响应过程，最终获得不同爆炸类型下的储油罐损伤判定临界标准。下面将提供若干个实施例予以说明。
实施例一
本实施例所述的方法可以以代码形式运行在计算机设备10000中。
如图1所示，该爆炸环境下的储油罐安全评估方法可以包括步骤S100～S112，其中：
步骤S100：确定爆炸类型和储油罐的自振周期。
具体地，可以通过如下公式计算自振周期：
Figure PCTCN2022134997-appb-000001
T C为储油罐与储液耦连振动基本自振周期(秒)，R为油罐内半径(米)，H W为油罐设计最高液位(米)，δ 3为罐壁距底板1/3高度处的有效厚度(米)，K C为耦连振动周期系数。
所述爆炸类型可以为蒸气云爆炸、固体爆炸、粉尘爆炸。不同爆炸类型，对应不同的爆炸冲击波载荷形式及动力学响应，对应不同且具有可操作性的安全评估方法。
步骤S102：根据所述爆炸类型确定针对所述储油罐的爆炸冲击压力分析方式。
(1)若所述爆炸类型为蒸气云爆炸，则将数值模拟法作为所述爆炸冲击压力分析方式。
(2)若所述爆炸类型为固体爆炸或粉尘爆炸，则将经验法作为所述爆炸冲击压力分析方式。
其中，数值模拟法能够获得准确的爆炸超压数据，一般难以进行流固耦合计算。经验公式方法可以包括TNT当量法、TNO多能法、Baker-Strehlow法等。基于不同的爆炸类型选择不同爆炸冲击压力分析方法，可以提供快速准确的分析评估。
步骤S104：根据所述爆炸冲击压力分析方式，模拟所述储油罐的迎爆面的超压载荷以及超压持续时间。
迎爆面在超压下会发生变形，其涉及到储油罐几何与材料的空间随机性。不同于空间均匀载荷，本实施例中的储油罐为圆筒形，且罐壁为曲面，不同处的超压载荷体现出空间分布规律，因此通过数值离散的粗糙程度直接引入几何误差。各网格既不能太粗，以免无法反映变形模式，也不能太细，以免结构过于完美，导致无法反映薄壁结构的屈曲模式。
为此，针对网格的大小设置，可以通过如下步骤实现：以不同大小规格为单位，对所述储油罐的迎爆面分别进行网格划分；根据预设超压载荷和基于不同大小网格划分得到的多种迎爆面，确定各自在不同填充度下的罐壁径向位移；根据多种迎爆面各自在不同填充度下的罐壁径向位移，确定数值离散粗糙程度；将处于预设粗糙范围内的数值离散粗糙程 度的对应大小规格，确定为参考大小网格；以所述参考大小网格为基准进行修正，得到所述储油罐的迎爆面的目标大小网格。
数值离散误差过小则无法反映结构的空间随机性，变相高估了储油罐的抗压能力。误差过大则导致收敛性较差。为避免收敛性问题及体现空间随机性，且能够精确反映变形，处于预设粗糙范围内的数值离散粗糙程度的对应大小规格，确定为参考大小网格，并以参考大小网格为基准进一步修正(细粒度)，确定目标大小网格。
在示例性的实施例中，步骤S104“根据所述爆炸冲击压力分析方式，模拟所述储油罐的迎爆面的超压载荷以及超压持续时间”可以通过如下步骤实现：
(1)若所述爆炸冲击压力分析方式为所述数值模拟法，则数值模拟爆炸过程，输出爆炸超压曲线，所述爆炸超压曲线表示超压载荷和超压持续时间的关系。
蒸气云爆炸时，因爆炸物弥散在场空间中，不可简化为点爆炸源，因此使用平面波来考虑气体爆炸超压较为合适，迎爆面上的空间压力分布不均匀性可用以下方程表示：
P i＝P·cosθ
其中，P i是单个迎爆面单元上受到的爆炸超压，θ是单元法向与全局坐标间的夹角。
(2)若所述爆炸冲击压力分析方式为所述经验法，则计算爆炸当量距离、确定双爆源间隔时间、角度、高度，进而可以根据预设状态方程计算爆炸超压曲线。
例如：
决定爆炸超压的两个参数是爆炸当量和测点距离，可根据上述两个参数定义爆炸当量距离Z：
Figure PCTCN2022134997-appb-000002
其中，R为测点与爆炸点之间的距离，W为等效TNT当量。
接着，根据预设设定的爆炸当量距离Z与超压之间的关系，得到超压载荷。
上述结果无法体现爆炸冲击波的作用时间和过程，因此需使用预设状态方程来进行超压表征。如采用JWL状态方程描述爆轰过程压力和内能及相对体积的关系。
步骤S106：根据所述自振周期和超压持续时间确定所述储油罐的损伤判定标准。
爆炸超压的正相持续时间影响因素较多，如爆炸物物质类型、体积、浓度、爆炸波传播速度、超压大小、测点位置等，大当量TNT爆炸、大吨位危险化学品爆炸、燃油气爆炸、核爆炸等爆炸的冲击波持时较长，可到100毫秒以上，甚至几百毫秒。例如，在测试中得出：气云体积越大，爆炸超压正相持续时间越长，1立方米的气云爆炸时，峰值超压约0.1kpa，正相持续时间约0.1s，27立方米的气云爆炸时，峰值超压约2.7kpa，正相持续时间约0.3秒。针对汽油储油罐泄漏爆炸模拟，爆炸点50m外的超压峰值约为50kpa，正相持续时间约为0.3秒。
因此，若要获得爆炸载荷下的储油罐响应规律和损伤判定临界标准，需根据不同爆炸类型，表征爆炸超压变化过程，基于储油罐自振周期和正相持续时间，选择合适的损伤标准，开展不同爆炸冲击波下储油罐的结构动力学响应过程，最终获得不同爆炸类型下的储油罐损伤判定标准。
损伤判定标准可以分为超压标准、冲量标准、超压-冲量标准。
若超压持续时间大于或等于10*自振周期，则采用超压标准；
若超压持续时间小于或等于1/4*自振周期，则采用冲量标准；
若超压持续时间在10*自振周期以及于1/4*自振周期之间，则采用超量-冲压标准。
超压标准即将爆炸超压的峰值作为判断标准，适用于快速判断。冲量标准将爆炸超压累计的冲量作为判断标准，无论作用时间多长都不可能使结果出现损坏。超压-冲量标准综合爆炸超压和冲量，二者同时满足临界条件时，才会被破坏。
步骤S108：将所述超压载荷加载到所述储油罐的三维有限元分析模型中，确定在不同填充度下所述储油罐的破坏程度达到预设临界值的临界时间，填充度表示所述储油罐中的液位。
三维有限元分析模型在节点处连接、仅靠节点传力、仅在节点处受约束的单元组合体。具体的：1、选择网格种类及定义分析类型。2、添加材料属性：材料属性可以从材料库中选择，它不并考虑缺陷和表面条件等因素，与几何模型相比，它有更多的不确定性。3、施加约束：定义约束是最容易产生误差的地方。4、输入超压载荷，确定爆炸超压的大小、分布、时间依赖关系。通过上述建模可以获取力学响应。
在可选的实施例中，步骤S108可以通过如下步骤实现：(1)根据所述储油罐的结构特征、材料特征、锚固特征以及位于所述储油罐上的抗风结构特征，对所述储油罐的几何模型进行离散化处理，建立所述三维有限元分析模型；(2)将所述超压载荷加载到所述三维有限元分析模型中，得到所述储油罐在各填充度下的破坏程度变化曲线，破坏程度变化曲线表示破坏程度和持续时间的关系；(2)根据在各填充度下的破坏程度变化曲线，确定多个填充度各自对应的临界时间。
结构特征，可以包括形状、壁厚、大小等；
材料特征，可以包括材料类别、材料特性等；
锚固特征，可以包括各位置的锚固，如底部锚固等；
抗风结构特征，可以包括是否有抗风圈等。
举例而言：
考虑到爆炸冲击、火灾热辐射载荷和汽油储油罐的结构尺寸的随机性，实验成本与实验条件难以达到，本实施例采用数值模拟爆炸超压、热辐射致屈曲行为。本实施例对储油罐结构进行了合理的数值离散化处理，建立了超压和热辐射载荷下储油罐屈曲的动力学分析分析模型，结构动力学分析模型构建的主要步骤包括处理数值离散格式，选择储油罐结构材料本构模型，加载边界条件及爆炸环境下的超压载荷。
例如，若储油罐为薄壁结构，超压载荷作用下，罐壁屈曲的主要形式为连续的波纹状面外弯曲。因此要求单元算法具有平移和旋转自由度，以反映薄壁结构的弯曲特性。在本实施例中，可使用三维壳单元对储油罐的几何模型进行离散。在变形过程中，储油罐壁在失稳后进入后屈曲阶段，结构发生大变形，材料产生塑性应变。该过程可由冯-米塞斯屈服标准与双线性塑性流动标准描述。若储油罐的底部被锚固，锚固条件可等效为约束底部节点的平动与转动自由度，提供边界条件。
另外，储油罐内部液体在重力作用下会压迫罐壁，使罐壁产生内应力，该内应力可能会改变罐体的受力分布和屈曲性质，因此需进行不同填充度下的储油罐屈曲分析。填充物所造成的压力可使用如下公式进行计算：
P＝ρgh
其中P是罐壁所受压力，ρ是内充液体密度，g是重力加速度，h是内充液体高度。可以看到，压力P是高度h的函数，在储油罐截面积不变的情况下，参数h代表了储油罐的填充度：
F C＝h/H
其中F C代表填充度，H代表储油罐高度。结合上述公式，可得：
P＝ρgHF C
储油罐的尺寸较大，材料密度高，自重大，且重力产生的结构内应力也会影响结构的屈曲性质，因此仿真分析中需考虑重力的影响。结构分析中，为避免不必要的应力震荡，可将重力压缓慢加载至恒定值，拉应力会抑制屈曲行为，压应力会导致屈曲行为，在不同填充度工况下，罐壁的内应力分布是比较复杂的，这难以利用理论计算得到储油罐临界风压的解析解，因此需借助数值方法进行求解。
最后：加载到建立的三维有限元分析模型进行动力学响应分析，研究储油罐在不同填充度下的安全性。
步骤S110：根据所述临界时间和所述损伤判定标准，确定在不同填充度下的结构破坏临界压力和结构破坏临界冲量。
储油罐在爆炸冲击载荷作用下，结构材料先是出现弹性应变，随后进入塑性，进而导致屈曲，即材料力学性能弱化，结构永久变形；若继续施加载荷，则结构材料彻底损坏，储油罐破裂和可燃物泄漏。所述临界时间通过方式得到：某子区域Von Mises应力超过材料屈服强度，最大径向位移大于预设值，或等效塑性应变出现突变。
步骤S112：根据在不同填充度下的结构破坏临界压力和结构破坏临界冲量，确定所述储油罐的安全性。
在可选的实施例中，为了提高储油罐在爆炸环境下的安全性，防止灾害的蔓延，上述步骤S112可以通过如下步骤实现：(1)根据不同填充度下的结构破坏临界压力和结构破坏临界冲量，确定所述储油罐在不同填充度下的安全变化特征；(2)根据所述安全变化特征，确定所述储油罐的安全性的突然跳跃情况；(3)根据所述突然跳跃情况，确定所述储油罐的目标安全填充度；(4)根据所述目标安全填充度和所述储油罐中的储油量，确定是否对所述储油罐进行填充。
在针对某个储油罐3秒的仿真实验操作中得出：不同填充度下，储油罐的动力响应是不一样的。填充度为0％时，储油罐仅靠罐壁本身的刚度抵抗爆炸超压，在爆炸超压水平很低的情况下，储油罐就开始发生动力屈曲和塑性变形；1.380s时，罐壁的波纹状变形，此时还没有塑性应变产生，罐体处于弹性屈曲范围内；1.790s时，罐壁达到最大径向变形，能够观察到明显的整体变形和局部波纹状塑性应变；3.0s时完全卸载，罐壁有非常明显的残余变形，此时结构实际已经失去承载能力。填充度为40％时，罐壁在1.385s前均为弹性变形；1.695s时，罐壁达到最大径向变形，能够观察到明显的整体变形和局部波纹状塑性应变，但变形程度较0％填充度要小；3.0s时完全卸载，罐壁有非常明显的残余变形，此时结构实际已经失去承载能力。填充度80％时，可以看到罐体的抗变形能力得到了极大加强，1.415s前没有观察到明显的塑性行为；罐壁在1.535s达到最大变形，但变形程度明显小于填充度低的罐体；3.0s时完全卸载，罐壁上部残留有明显的塑性大变形。
蒸气云爆炸冲击波正相持续时间约200-700s，需使用超压-冲量标准来判定储油罐损伤情况，给出了本算例蒸气云爆炸冲击载荷下的储油罐损伤临界压力和临界冲量。对比有无抗风圈的情况，有抗风圈的储油罐明显临界压力和临界冲量都要大于无抗风圈储油罐，可见抗风圈能够明显提高储油罐的抗冲击波能力。对比不同填充度，有抗风圈填充度70％以下时，无论是储油罐结构损伤的临界压力或者临界冲量，均比较平稳，临界压力约14-15kPa，临界冲量约1400-1500KN*S，而当填充度超过70％以上时，储油罐损坏的临界压力迅速提高60％，临界冲量迅速提高40％以上，极大的提高了储油罐的稳定性；无填充度时，当填充度小于70％，临界压力和临界冲量均缓慢上升，而填充度超过70％时，临界压力和冲量同样迅速上升。因此可以设置该储油罐的最小填充度为70％。
使用经验法得出：超压正相持续时间不超过50s，需使用冲量标准来判定储油罐损伤情况，冲量大约60-80KN*S，远小于蒸气云爆炸下的临界冲量，这是因为爆炸冲击波压力虽然较高，但其作用时间非常短，甚至可能低于10ms，因此累计的冲量比较低就足以使得储油罐破坏。对比不同填充度，当储油罐填充度小于50％时，储油罐破坏临界冲量变化不大，而超过50％填充度时，临界冲量迅速增大，填充度为80％相较50％，临界冲量增加35％，提高了储油罐稳定性。
可选地，以下提供的至少部分实施例，可进一步优化本技术方案。
在可选的实施例中，所述方法还包括：筛选没有达到所述预设临界值的工况；模拟所述工况的火灾热辐射通量和罐壁温度分布；根据所述储油罐的特征，选择将火灾热辐射通量或将初始温度分布加载到储油罐外表面；根据所述火灾热辐射通量或将初始温度分布， 计算储油罐内表面的对流换热系数；其中，所述储油罐外表面的火灾热辐射通量或将初始温度分布、所述储油罐内表面的对流换热系数用于与所述超压载荷一起被加载到所述三维有限元分析模型中。需要说明的是，所述工况是指没有达到所述预设临界值的迎爆面。
具体而言：爆炸会引发油气泄漏扩散蔓延，形成池火灾，导致相邻储油罐结构材料弱化，加速储油罐结构屈曲、破裂。本申请发明人认为实际上火灾大部分为流淌火，或者规则形状不均匀的油池火，使用圆形油池火来计算储油罐壁面的火灾热辐射通量并不准确，因此可以根据研究目标来选择加载热辐射通量或者直接在储油罐表面加载初始温度分布。储油罐外表面受热，向内部液体传热的主要方式是热对流。
储油罐的温度分布如下：
Figure PCTCN2022134997-appb-000003
其中θ是该点到迎爆面中心线的角度，迎爆面中心线的角度为0，θ 0为储油罐受热辐射影响的最大角度，T 0a为空气温度，T 0m为火灾到达稳定状态后，0度角的最大温度。
对流换热系数通过如下公式确定：
N＝C(GP) a
Figure PCTCN2022134997-appb-000004
其中N为努塞尔数，h为对流换热系数，L为特征长度，k为热传导系数，G为格拉晓夫数，P为普朗特数，C取0.59，a取0.25。
例如，针对某个储油罐得出：热辐射与爆炸载荷耦合作用下，储油罐区发生池火灾时，储油罐表面热辐射波动较大，储油罐表面最大热辐射通量约32kW/m 2，平均最大热辐射通量约24kW/m 2，故将24kW/m 2和32kW/m 2作为变量。储油罐迎火外表面施加热辐射载荷，内表面施加热对流条件。温区的材料热膨胀程度更大，罐壁材料沿周向受压，而低温区域的材料膨胀程度低，对高温区域的材料有面内和面外的约束作用。高温区域的材料热膨胀与低温区域的材料约束作用的共同影响下，罐壁易产生局部屈曲。
选取带有抗风圈、填充度为80％的储油罐进行分析，热辐射通量分别加载100、200、300、400秒后，立刻加载爆炸超压。热辐射通量加载100、200、300、400秒时，储油罐材料的热传导系数随温度变化，以及内部液体对流换热系数随温度变化的影响，储油罐升温速率随温度升高逐渐放缓。储油罐的抗爆性能，受热100s后再受爆炸载荷作用，储油罐的临界屈曲压力有所提升，受热200s时，储油罐临界屈曲压力水平开始下降，但仍大于不受热时的水平，继续受热，储油罐的临界屈曲压力迅速下降并开始低于不加热时的压力水平，32kw/m 2加热400s后，储油罐破坏临界压力下降约40％。注意到材料的弹性模量、屈服强度随温度升高而降低，但切线模量在16℃至300℃时随温度升高而增大，300℃以后随温度升高而减小，这说明在热辐射和爆炸超压耦合作用过程中，材料的切线模量可能对储油罐抗爆能力有显著影响。而32kW/m 2的载荷水平下，储油罐的临界屈曲压力明显低于24kW/m 2工况，即温度对储油罐的抗爆能力有明显的减弱作用。
在可选的实施例中，在所述爆炸类型为固体爆炸或粉尘爆炸时，所述方法还可以包括：获取所述储油罐所在区域的3D图像信息，所述3D图像信息包括地形数据和地面承载物数据；根据所述3D图像信息，确定所述储油罐和爆炸源之间的目标区域；对所述目标区域进行网格划分得到多个网格，所述多个网格包括不同大小的多级网格，其中，各级网格的设置根据网格所在位置与所述目标坐标的方位而定；根据各网格中的地面数据和承载物数据，得到各网格的初始特征值；其中，所述地面数据包括用于标识地面类型的标签、属性描述信息；所述承载物数据包括承载物的类型标签、所述承载物的属性描述信息，所述承载物的属性描述信息包括所述承载物形状、大小、高度；其中，所述初始特征值通过将所 述地面数据中各个信息的归一化值以及所述承载物数据中各个信息的归一化值输入到训练好的归一化模型中得到，所述归一化模型用于检测单个网格的拥塞指数；根据各网格的初始特征值和对应的级别，得到各网格的目标特征值；其中，每个级别对应一个不同的权重，目标特征值为相应网格的初始特征值与相应权重之积；将各网格的目标特征值进行拼合，得到目标拥塞特征数组；将所述目标拥塞特征数组、爆炸源的点火能量输入到已经训练好的爆轰预测模型中，得到爆轰概率。
其中，地形数据是能够表示地表面高低起伏状态的数据，即具有高程信息的数据。在本实施例中，描述信息可以包括类型(如河流、海岸、湖岸等)、高低、坡度。
其中，地面承载物数据可以包括类型(树木、房屋、草地等)、各类承载物的形状、密度、大小、高低等。
大部分情况下，火焰以爆燃形式传播，但在特定条件下，可能会发生爆轰，爆轰是一个伴有大量能量释放的化学反应传输过程。反应区前沿为一以超声速运动的激波，称为爆轰波，爆轰波扫过后，介质成为高温高压的爆轰产物，爆轰可以是在蒸气云被点燃初始就产生，也可以是由爆燃现象转变而来。在油气储存区中，更多的是发生爆燃到爆轰转变的现象，这是蒸气云爆炸引发的次生危害。当火焰前锋通过拥塞区域并到达一定的速度时，爆燃转爆轰的情况就会发生。有一些因素对爆轰的开始和爆燃到爆轰的转换产生影响，包括点火能量、障碍物的限制或拥塞度、湍流等因素。产生爆轰的点火源能量比爆燃的更高，产生爆轰的点火能接近106J，如放电(闪电)、高能不稳定物质(雷管或TNT)、泵房或发电机房内部爆炸，而产生爆燃的点火能可以低至10-4J；障碍物的限制或拥塞度同样对爆轰产生影响，在油气储存区的设备设施布置密集区、树木集中区、地形狭缝区等容易发生爆燃转爆轰的现象。在极端情况下，湍流可以充当一个驱动因素，导致火焰传播模式从爆燃突变到爆轰，该情况下火焰传播的速度超过声速(2-5倍声速)，一旦超过声速，湍流不再需要去维持本身的传播速度，意味着气云内部畅通部分或静止可燃部分也可能会参与到爆炸中。蒸气云爆轰产生的超压可以达到几十个大气压，所产生的破坏力远远超过爆燃现象。可燃蒸气云爆炸前后的反应物和产物都可认为是理想气体。
不同的地形数据和承载物数据，会对是否产生爆轰产生一定的影响。因此，先确定可能会对爆轰产生影响的目标区域，然后对目标区域进行网络划分，不同网络所对应地方的地形和承载物以及与储油罐对应的距离和方位不同，对爆轰的影响不同，因此对各网格分级。各级网格的设置根据网格所在位置与所述目标坐标的距离和方位而定。继而，根据各网格中的地面数据和承载物数据，得到各网格的初始特征值。需要说明的是，该初始特征值可以根据预先确定规则得到，也可以通过训练好的回归模型得到，本实施例不做限定。之后，根据各网格的初始特征值和对应的级别，得到各网格的目标特征值。级别越高，其对爆轰的影响权重就不同，为了精确评估，因此对初始特征值转换为目标特征值。这些目标特征值、点火能量等可以用于输入到另一训练好的预测模型(如回归模型、神经网络模型等)中，得到爆轰概率/爆轰程度。
本实施例，主要结论如下：
(1)爆炸超压作用下，汽油储油罐的结构响应是瞬态非线性的，伴随有结构构件的大位移与大旋转；爆炸超压能够引起结构的动态屈曲行为，即包含了弹性屈曲段，也包含了材料塑性变形(后屈曲)阶段。
(2)不同爆炸类型，其冲击波超压正相持续时间不同，根据设备自振周期，需建立的储油罐结构损坏判定标准不同，如蒸气云爆炸一般超压正相时间约0.1s-2s，应建立超压-冲量标准；而固体爆炸、粉尘爆炸一般超压正相时间不到0.05s，应建立冲量标准。
(3)对于蒸气云爆炸，储油罐填充度低于70％时，储油罐的临界屈曲压力和临界冲量基本不随填充度变化，超过70％后，临界屈曲压力和临界冲量迅速提高60％和40％；对于固体爆炸，当储油罐填充度小于50％时，储油罐破坏临界冲量变化不大，而超过50％填 充度时，临界冲量迅速增大，填充度80％相较50％，临界冲量增加35％。因此，从提高抗爆能力的角度，应始终保持储油罐的填充度大于70％。
(4)热辐射与爆炸耦合分析中，可以看到储油罐的抗爆能力不仅取决于材料的弹性模量与屈服强度，还与切线模量密切相关。总体而言，储油罐温度升高，其抗爆能力会减弱，在24kW/m 2和32kW/m 2热辐射作用400s后，储油罐破坏临界压力分别下降26％和40％。
另外，本申请发明人发现迎爆面不同子区域的受到的冲击波之间会有一定的相互影响，因此在所述爆炸类型为蒸气云爆炸时，所述方法还包括：基于爆炸源的位置、高度和各子区域的空间坐标，得到各子区域对应的冲击波速度；基于各子区域的空间坐标、冲击波速度，得到各子区域与其他子区域之间的空间相关系数；根据各子区域与其他子区域之间的空间相关系数，得到各子区域的互动功率频谱；根据各子区域的冲击波互动功率频谱，得到各子区域的分解矩阵；根据各子区域的分解矩阵，得到各子区域的相位；及根据各子区域的相位以及分解矩阵，得到所述多个子区域各自的冲击波速度时程；根据所述多个子区域各自的冲击波速度时程和各个子区域的预设压力系数，得到各子区域的冲击波超压时程，以用于被加载到所述三维有限元分析模型中。下面具体介绍该实施例：
各子区域之间的空间相关系数计算如下：
以子区域a和子区域b之间的冲击波的空间相关系数为例，可以通过如下计算公式得到：
Figure PCTCN2022134997-appb-000005
其中，coh表示a、b之间的空间相关系数，y a、y b、z a、z b是a、b的空间坐标，C y、C z为预先设定的衰减系数，v(z)为各自对应的冲击波速度，w为冲击波频率。不同空间点的冲击波之间存在相位差，距离越远则同时达到最大值的可能性越小。通过上述空间相关系数可以得到子区域a、b之间的冲击波相互影响程度。
根据各子区域与其他子区域之间的空间相关系数，得到各子区域的冲击波互动功率频谱。
继续以子区域a和子区域b为例，它们二者的互动功率频谱频谱S ab(w)：
Figure PCTCN2022134997-appb-000006
其中，S a(w)、S b(w)为a、b各自的功率频谱，coh(w)为二者的的空间相关系数。
其中，功率频谱S(w)的计算方式可以为：
Figure PCTCN2022134997-appb-000007
其中，v r为目标冲击波速度，x＝1200w/v r，k根据地面粗糙度而定。
根据各子区域的冲击波互动，得到各子区域的分解矩阵S(w l)。
S(w l)＝H(w l)H *(w l) T
Figure PCTCN2022134997-appb-000008
其中，m为子区域的总个数，H jk(w kl)为各子区域互动功率频谱S(w l)的分解矩阵。
其中，w kl为双索引圆频率，可以为通过以下公式计算：
Figure PCTCN2022134997-appb-000009
其中，Δw＝2π·Δn，l＝1,2,…,M；
M为离散频率点数；Δn＝f s/N，f s为截断频率，N为要模拟的冲击波时程长度，2M≤N。
根据各子区域的分解矩阵，得到各子区域的相位。
θ jk为H jk(w kl)的相位，其表达式为H jk(w kl)虚部与实部之比的正切函数：
Figure PCTCN2022134997-appb-000010
根据各子区域的相位以及分解矩阵，得到所述多个子区域各自的冲击波时程u(t)。模拟冲击波就是要生成一个既满足一定的随机性又满足指定特征谱的冲击波时程曲线。具体地：
Figure PCTCN2022134997-appb-000011
其中，j＝1,2,…,m；
Figure PCTCN2022134997-appb-000012
为均匀地分布于[0,2π)区间的随机相位。
通过上述方式可以以较低的计算量获取具有空间相关性的各子区域的精确冲击波时程。
实施例二
图2示意性示出了根据本申请实施例二的爆炸环境下的储油罐安全评估装置的框图。该爆炸环境下的储油罐安全评估装置可以被分割成一个或多个程序模块，一个或者多个程序模块被存储于存储介质中，并由一个或多个处理器所执行，以完成本申请实施例。本申请实施例所称的程序模块是指能够完成特定功能的一系列计算机程序指令段，以下描述将具体介绍本实施例中各程序模块的功能。如图2所示，该爆炸环境下的储油罐安全评估装置200可以包括第一确定模块210、第二确定模块220、模拟模块230、第三确定模块240、第四确定模块250、第五确定模块260、第六确定模块270，其中：
第一确定模块210，用于确定爆炸类型和储油罐的自振周期；
第二确定模块220，用于根据所述爆炸类型确定针对所述储油罐的爆炸冲击压力分析方式；
模拟模块230，用于根据所述爆炸冲击压力分析方式，模拟所述储油罐的迎爆面的超压载荷以及超压持续时间；
第三确定模块240，用于根据所述自振周期和超压持续时间确定所述储油罐的损伤判定标准；
第四确定模块250，用于将超压载荷加载到所述储油罐的三维有限元分析模型中，确定在不同填充度下所述储油罐的破坏程度达到预设临界值的临界时间，填充度表示所述储油罐中的液位；
第五确定模块260，用于根据所述临界时间和所述损伤判定标准，确定在不同填充度下的结构破坏临界压力和结构破坏临界冲量；
第六确定模块270，用于根据在不同填充度下的结构破坏临界压力和结构破坏临界冲量，确定所述储油罐的安全性。
在可选的实施例中，所述装置还包括划分模块，用于：
以不同大小规格为单位，对所述储油罐的迎爆面分别进行网格划分；
根据预设超压载荷和基于不同大小网格划分得到的多种迎爆面，确定各自在不同填充度下的罐壁径向位移；
根据多种迎爆面各自在不同填充度下的罐壁径向位移，确定数值离散粗糙程度；
将处于预设粗糙范围内的数值离散粗糙程度的对应大小规格，确定为参考大小网格；
以所述参考大小网格为基准进行修正，得到所述储油罐的迎爆面的目标大小网格。
在可选的实施例中，所述第二确定模块220还用于：
若所述爆炸类型为蒸气云爆炸，则将数值模拟法作为所述爆炸冲击压力分析方式；
若所述爆炸类型为固体爆炸或粉尘爆炸，则将经验法作为所述爆炸冲击压力分析方式。
在可选的实施例中，所述模拟模块230还用于：
若所述爆炸冲击压力分析方式为所述数值模拟法，则数值模拟爆炸过程，输出各爆炸超压曲线，所述爆炸超压曲线表示超压载荷和超压持续时间的关系；
若所述爆炸冲击压力分析方式为所述经验法，则计算爆炸当量距离、确定双爆源间隔时间、角度、高度，进而根据预设状态方程计算爆炸超压曲线。
在可选的实施例中，所述第四确定模块250还用于：
根据所述储油罐的结构特征、材料特征、锚固特征以及位于所述储油罐上的抗风结构特征，对所述储油罐的几何模型进行离散化处理，建立所述三维有限元分析模型；
将所述超压载荷加载到所述三维有限元分析模型中，得到所述储油罐在各填充度下的破坏程度变化曲线，破坏程度变化曲线表示破坏程度和持续时间的关系；
根据在各填充度下的破坏程度变化曲线，确定多个填充度各自对应的临界时间。
在可选的实施例中，所述装置还包括热辐射加载模块，用于：
筛选没有达到所述预设临界值的工况；
模拟所述工况的火灾热辐射通量和罐壁温度分布；
根据所述储油罐的特征，选择将火灾热辐射通量或将初始温度分布加载到储油罐外表面；
根据所述火灾热辐射通量或将初始温度分布，计算储油罐内表面的对流换热系数；
其中，所述储油罐外表面的火灾热辐射通量或将初始温度分布、所述储油罐内表面的对流换热系数用于与所述超压载荷一起被加载到所述三维有限元分析模型中。
在可选的实施例中，所述第六确定模块270还用于：
根据不同填充度下的结构破坏临界压力和结构破坏临界冲量，确定所述储油罐在不同填充度下的安全变化特征；
根据所述安全变化特征，确定所述储油罐的安全性的突然跳跃情况；
根据所述突然跳跃情况，确定所述储油罐的目标安全填充度；
根据所述目标安全填充度和所述储油罐中的储油量，确定是否对所述储油罐进行填充。
在可选的实施例中，所述装置还包括预测模块，用于：
在所述爆炸类型为固体爆炸或粉尘爆炸时：
获取所述储油罐所在区域的3D图像信息，所述3D图像信息包括地形数据和地面承载物数据；
根据所述3D图像信息，确定所述储油罐和爆炸源之间的目标区域；
对所述目标区域进行网格划分得到多个网格，所述多个网格包括不同大小的多级网格，其中，各级网格的设置根据网格所在位置与所述目标坐标的方位而定；
根据各网格中的地面数据和承载物数据，得到各网格的初始特征值；其中，所述地面数据包括用于标识地面类型的标签、属性描述信息；所述承载物数据包括承载物的类型标签、所述承载物的属性描述信息，所述承载物的属性描述信息包括所述承载物形状、大小、高度；其中，所述初始特征值通过将所述地面数据中各个信息的归一化值以及所述承载物数据中各个信息的归一化值输入到训练好的归一化模型中得到，所述归一化模型用于检测单个网格的拥塞指数；
根据各网格的初始特征值和对应的级别，得到各网格的目标特征值；其中，每个级别对应一个不同的权重，目标特征值为相应网格的初始特征值与相应权重之积；
将各网格的目标特征值进行拼合，得到目标拥塞特征数组；
将所述目标拥塞特征数组、爆炸源的点火能量输入到已经训练好的爆轰预测模型中，得到爆轰概率。
实施例三
图3示意性示出了根据本申请实施例三的适于实现爆炸环境下的储油罐安全评估方法的计算机设备10000的硬件架构示意图。计算机设备10000是一种能够按照事先设定或者存储的指令，自动进行数值计算和/或信息处理的设备。例如，可以是机架式服务器、刀片式服务器、塔式服务器或机柜式服务器(包括独立的服务器，或者多个服务器所组成的服务器集群)以及个人电脑等。如图3所示，计算机设备10000至少包括但不限于：可通过系统总线相互通信链接存储器10010、处理器10020、网络接口10030。其中：
存储器10010至少包括一种类型的计算机可读存储介质，可读存储介质包括闪存、硬盘、多媒体卡、卡型存储器(例如，SD或DX存储器等)、随机访问存储器(RAM)、静态随机访问存储器(SRAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)、可编程只读存储器(PROM)、磁性存储器、磁盘、光盘等。在一些实施例中，存储器10010可以是计算机设备10000的内部存储模块，例如该计算机设备10000的硬盘或内存。在另一些实施例中，存储器10010也可以是计算机设备10000的外部存储设备，例如该计算机设备10000上配备的插接式硬盘，智能存储卡(Smart Media Card，简称为SMC)，安全数字(Secure Digital，简称为SD)卡，闪存卡(Flash Card)等。当然，存储器10010还可以既包括计算机设备10000的内部存储模块也包括其外部存储设备。本实施例中，存储器10010通常用于存储安装于计算机设备10000的操作系统和各类应用软件，例如爆炸环境下的储油罐安全评估方法的程序代码等。此外，存储器10010还可以用于暂时地存储已经输出或者将要输出的各类数据。
处理器10020在一些实施例中可以是中央处理器(Central Processing Unit，简称为CPU)、控制器、微控制器、微处理器、或其他数据处理芯片。该处理器10020通常用于控制计算机设备10000的总体操作，例如执行与计算机设备10000进行数据交互或者通信相关的控制和处理等。本实施例中，处理器10020用于运行存储器10010中存储的程序代码或者处理数据。
网络接口10030可包括无线网络接口或有线网络接口，该网络接口10030通常用于在计算机设备10000与其他计算机设备之间建立通信链接。例如，网络接口10030用于通过网络将计算机设备10000与外部用户终端相连，在计算机设备10000与外部用户终端之间的建立数据传输通道和通信链接等。网络可以是企业内部网(Intranet)、互联网(Internet)、全球移动通讯系统(Global System of Mobile communication，简称为GSM)、宽带码分多址(Wideband Code Division Multiple Access，简称为WCDMA)、4G网络、5G网络、蓝牙(Bluetooth)、Wi-Fi等无线或有线网络。
需要指出的是，图3仅示出了具有部件10010-10030的计算机设备，但是应该理解的是，并不要求实施所有示出的部件，可以替代的实施更多或者更少的部件。
在本实施例中，存储于存储器10010中的爆炸环境下的储油罐安全评估方法还可以被分割为一个或者多个程序模块，并由一个或多个处理器(本实施例为处理器10020)所执行，以完成本申请实施例。
实施例四
本申请还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，计算机可读存储介质其上存储有计算机程序，计算机程序被处理器执行时实现实施例一中的爆炸环境下的储油罐安全评估方法的步骤。
本实施例中，计算机可读存储介质包括闪存、硬盘、多媒体卡、卡型存储器(例如，SD或DX存储器等)、随机访问存储器(RAM)、静态随机访问存储器(SRAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)、可编程只读存储器(PROM)、磁性存储器、磁盘、光盘等。在一些实施例中，计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机设备的内部存储单元，例如该计算机设备的硬盘或内存。在另一些实施例中，计算机可读存储介质也可以是计算机设备的外部存储设备，例如该计算机设备上配备的插接式 硬盘，智能存储卡(Smart Media Card，简称为SMC)，安全数字(Secure Digital，简称为SD)卡，闪存卡(Flash Card)等。当然，计算机可读存储介质还可以既包括计算机设备的内部存储单元也包括其外部存储设备。本实施例中，计算机可读存储介质通常用于存储安装于计算机设备的操作系统和各类应用软件，例如实施例中爆炸环境下的储油罐安全评估方法的程序代码等。此外，计算机可读存储介质还可以用于暂时地存储已经输出或者将要输出的各类数据。
显然，本领域的技术人员应该明白，上述的本申请实施例的各模块或各步骤可以用通用的计算装置来实现，它们可以集中在单个的计算装置上，或者分布在多个计算装置所组成的网络上，可选地，它们可以用计算装置可执行的程序代码来实现，从而，可以将它们存储在存储装置中由计算装置来执行，并且在某些情况下，可以以不同于此处的顺序执行所示出或描述的步骤，或者将它们分别制作成各个集成电路模块，或者将它们中的多个模块或步骤制作成单个集成电路模块来实现。这样，本申请实施例不限制于任何特定的硬件和软件结合。
需要说明的是，以上仅为本申请的优选实施例，并非因此限制本申请的专利保护范围，凡是利用本申请说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本申请的专利保护范围内。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种爆炸环境下的储油罐安全评估方法，其特征在于，包括：
    确定爆炸类型和储油罐的自振周期；
    根据所述爆炸类型确定针对所述储油罐的爆炸冲击压力分析方式；
    根据所述爆炸冲击压力分析方式，模拟所述储油罐的迎爆面的超压载荷以及超压持续时间；
    根据所述自振周期和超压持续时间确定所述储油罐的损伤判定标准；
    将所述超压载荷加载到所述储油罐的三维有限元分析模型中，确定在不同填充度下所述储油罐的破坏程度达到预设临界值的临界时间，填充度表示所述储油罐中的液位；
    根据所述临界时间和所述损伤判定标准，确定在不同填充度下的结构破坏临界压力和结构破坏临界冲量；
    根据在不同填充度下的结构破坏临界压力和结构破坏临界冲量，确定所述储油罐的安全性。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    以不同大小规格为单位，对所述储油罐的迎爆面分别进行网格划分；
    根据预设超压载荷和基于不同大小网格划分得到的多种迎爆面，确定各自在不同填充度下的罐壁径向位移；
    根据多种迎爆面各自在不同填充度下的罐壁径向位移，确定数值离散粗糙程度；
    将处于预设粗糙范围内的数值离散粗糙程度的对应大小规格，确定为参考大小网格；
    以所述参考大小网格为基准进行修正，得到所述储油罐的迎爆面的目标大小网格。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述爆炸类型确定针对所述储油罐的爆炸冲击压力分析方式，包括：
    若所述爆炸类型为蒸气云爆炸，则将数值模拟法作为所述爆炸冲击压力分析方式；
    若所述爆炸类型为固体爆炸或粉尘爆炸，则将经验法作为所述爆炸冲击压力分析方式。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述爆炸冲击压力分析方式，模拟所述储油罐的迎爆面的超压载荷以及超压持续时间，包括：
    若所述爆炸冲击压力分析方式为所述数值模拟法，则数值模拟爆炸过程，输出爆炸超压曲线，所述爆炸超压曲线表示超压载荷和超压持续时间的关系；
    若所述爆炸冲击压力分析方式为所述经验法，则计算爆炸当量距离，确定双爆源间隔时间、角度、高度，进而根据预设状态方程计算爆炸超压曲线。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述将所述超压载荷加载到所述储油罐的三维有限元分析模型中，确定在不同填充度下所述储油罐的破坏程度达到预设临界值的临界时间，包括：
    根据所述储油罐的结构特征、材料特征、锚固特征以及位于所述储油罐上的抗风结构特征，对所述储油罐的几何模型进行离散化处理，建立所述三维有限元分析模型；
    将所述超压载荷加载到所述三维有限元分析模型中，得到所述储油罐在各填充度下的破坏程度变化曲线，破坏程度变化曲线表示破坏程度和持续时间的关系；
    根据在各填充度下的破坏程度变化曲线，确定多个填充度各自对应的临界时间。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    筛选没有达到所述预设临界值的工况；
    模拟所述工况的火灾热辐射通量和罐壁温度分布；
    根据所述储油罐的特征，选择将火灾热辐射通量或将初始温度分布加载到储油罐外表面；
    根据所述火灾热辐射通量或将初始温度分布，计算储油罐内表面的对流换热系数；
    其中，所述储油罐外表面的火灾热辐射通量、初始温度分布和所述储油罐内表面的对流换热系数与所述超压载荷一起被加载到所述三维有限元分析模型中。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据在不同填充度下的结构破坏临界压力和结构破坏临界冲量，确定所述储油罐的安全性，包括：
    根据不同填充度下的结构破坏临界压力和结构破坏临界冲量，确定所述储油罐在不同填充度下的安全变化特征；
    根据所述安全变化特征，确定所述储油罐的安全性的突然跳跃情况；
    根据所述突然跳跃情况，确定所述储油罐的目标安全填充度；
    根据所述目标安全填充度和所述储油罐中的储油量，确定是否对所述储油罐进行填充。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述爆炸类型为固体爆炸或粉尘爆炸时，还包括：
    获取所述储油罐所在区域的3D图像信息，所述3D图像信息包括地形数据和地面承载物数据；
    根据所述3D图像信息，确定所述储油罐和爆炸源之间的目标区域；
    对所述目标区域进行网格划分得到多个网格，所述多个网格包括不同大小的多级网格，其中，各级网格的设置根据网格所在位置与目标坐标的方位而定；
    根据各网格中的地面数据和承载物数据，得到各网格的初始特征值；其中，所述地面数据包括用于标识地面类型的标签、属性描述信息；所述承载物数据包括承载物的类型标签、所述承载物的属性描述信息，所述承载物的属性描述信息包括所述承载物形状、大小、高度；其中，所述初始特征值通过将所述地面数据中各个信息的归一化值以及所述承载物数据中各个信息的归一化值输入到训练好的归一化模型中得到，所述归一化模型用于检测单个网格的拥塞指数；
    根据各网格的初始特征值和对应的级别，得到各网格的目标特征值；其中，每个级别对应一个不同的权重，目标特征值为相应网格的初始特征值与相应权重之积；
    将各网格的目标特征值进行拼合，得到目标拥塞特征数组；
    将所述目标拥塞特征数组、爆炸源的点火能量输入到已经训练好的爆轰预测模型中，得到爆轰概率。
  9. 一种爆炸环境下的储油罐安全评估装置，其特征在于，包括：
    第一确定模块，用于确定爆炸类型和储油罐的自振周期；
    第二确定模块，用于根据所述爆炸类型确定针对所述储油罐的爆炸冲击压力分析方式；
    模拟模块，用于根据所述爆炸冲击压力分析方式，模拟所述储油罐的迎爆面超压载荷以及超压持续时间；
    第三确定模块，用于根据所述自振周期和超压持续时间确定所述储油罐的损伤判定标准；
    第四确定模块，用于将所述超压载荷加载到所述储油罐的三维有限元分析模型中，确定在不同填充度下所述储油罐的破坏程度达到预设临界值的临界时间，填充度表示所述储油罐中的液位；
    第五确定模块，用于根据所述临界时间和所述损伤判定标准，确定在不同填充度下的结构破坏临界压力和结构破坏临界冲量；
    第六确定模块，用于根据在不同填充度下的结构破坏临界压力和结构破坏临界冲量，确定所述储油罐的安全性。
  10. 一种计算机设备，所述计算机设备包括存储器、处理器以及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，其特征在于，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现权利要求1至8中任一项所述的爆炸环境下的储油罐安全评估方法。
  11. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机可读存储介质内存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序可被至少一个处理器所执行，以使所述至少一个处理器执行权利要求1至8中任一项所述的爆炸环境下的储油罐安全评估方法。
PCT/CN2022/134997 2022-08-04 2022-11-29 储油罐安全评估方法、装置、计算机设备及存储介质 WO2023088489A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA2023/01682A ZA202301682B (en) 2022-08-04 2023-02-10 Storage tank safety assessment methods, devices, computer equipment and storage media

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210931069.0 2022-08-04
CN202210931069.0A CN115018386B (zh) 2022-08-04 2022-08-04 爆炸环境下的储油罐安全评估方法及装置

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2023088489A1 true WO2023088489A1 (zh) 2023-05-25

Family

ID=83065594

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2022/134997 WO2023088489A1 (zh) 2022-08-04 2022-11-29 储油罐安全评估方法、装置、计算机设备及存储介质

Country Status (3)

Country Link
CN (1) CN115018386B (zh)
WO (1) WO2023088489A1 (zh)
ZA (1) ZA202301682B (zh)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117150807A (zh) * 2023-09-20 2023-12-01 中国石油大学(华东) 计及结构动态断裂影响的氢气管道物理爆炸冲击波超压预测方法
CN117352070A (zh) * 2023-10-16 2024-01-05 中国石油大学(华东) 一种易燃易爆压缩气体气瓶爆炸后果评估方法
CN117829884A (zh) * 2024-03-04 2024-04-05 山东港源管道物流有限公司 一种智慧油库建设运营管理系统

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115018386B (zh) * 2022-08-04 2022-10-21 深圳市城市公共安全技术研究院有限公司 爆炸环境下的储油罐安全评估方法及装置

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1630126A1 (en) * 2004-08-24 2006-03-01 O'Kane, Michael Apparatus and method for testing vapor recovery systems
CN106934524A (zh) * 2017-02-15 2017-07-07 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种海洋油气平台爆炸事故后果量化评估方法
CN108363859A (zh) * 2018-02-07 2018-08-03 江苏省特种设备安全监督检验研究院 一种对含缺陷的常压储罐的整体评价方法
CN110163500A (zh) * 2019-05-21 2019-08-23 重庆科技学院 一种基于模糊故障树的储油罐区火灾爆炸风险评估方法
CN112784470A (zh) * 2021-03-17 2021-05-11 昆明理工大学 一种土木工程目标在爆炸载荷作用下毁伤等级的评估方法
CN115018386A (zh) * 2022-08-04 2022-09-06 深圳市城市公共安全技术研究院有限公司 爆炸环境下的储油罐安全评估方法及装置

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1630126A1 (en) * 2004-08-24 2006-03-01 O'Kane, Michael Apparatus and method for testing vapor recovery systems
CN106934524A (zh) * 2017-02-15 2017-07-07 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种海洋油气平台爆炸事故后果量化评估方法
CN108363859A (zh) * 2018-02-07 2018-08-03 江苏省特种设备安全监督检验研究院 一种对含缺陷的常压储罐的整体评价方法
CN110163500A (zh) * 2019-05-21 2019-08-23 重庆科技学院 一种基于模糊故障树的储油罐区火灾爆炸风险评估方法
CN112784470A (zh) * 2021-03-17 2021-05-11 昆明理工大学 一种土木工程目标在爆炸载荷作用下毁伤等级的评估方法
CN115018386A (zh) * 2022-08-04 2022-09-06 深圳市城市公共安全技术研究院有限公司 爆炸环境下的储油罐安全评估方法及装置

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117150807A (zh) * 2023-09-20 2023-12-01 中国石油大学(华东) 计及结构动态断裂影响的氢气管道物理爆炸冲击波超压预测方法
CN117150807B (zh) * 2023-09-20 2024-04-02 中国石油大学(华东) 计及结构动态断裂影响的氢气管道物理爆炸冲击波超压预测方法
CN117352070A (zh) * 2023-10-16 2024-01-05 中国石油大学(华东) 一种易燃易爆压缩气体气瓶爆炸后果评估方法
CN117829884A (zh) * 2024-03-04 2024-04-05 山东港源管道物流有限公司 一种智慧油库建设运营管理系统
CN117829884B (zh) * 2024-03-04 2024-05-14 山东港源管道物流有限公司 一种智慧油库建设运营管理系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN115018386B (zh) 2022-10-21
ZA202301682B (en) 2023-09-27
CN115018386A (zh) 2022-09-06

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2023088489A1 (zh) 储油罐安全评估方法、装置、计算机设备及存储介质
Molkov et al. LES modelling of an unconfined large-scale hydrogen–air deflagration
CN114936501B (zh) 针对立式储油罐在风压下的填充度评估方法及装置
Li et al. Static and dynamic flame model effects on thermal buckling: Fixed-roof tanks adjacent to an ethanol pool-fire
Middha et al. Predicting deflagration to detonation transition in hydrogen explosions
CN108345986B (zh) 一种化工危险源动态量化评估方法
CN103905560B (zh) 基于复杂网络的油罐区火蔓延预测与分析方法
Ajrash et al. Influences of the initial ignition energy on methane explosion in a flame deflagration tube
Jallais et al. Hydrogen jet vapor cloud explosion: a model for predicting blast size and application to risk assessment
Zhu et al. The influences of key factors on the consequences following the natural gas leakage from pipeline
Xiao et al. Air blast TNT equivalence concept for blast-resistant design
Lu et al. Behaviors of Thin‐Walled Cylindrical Shell Storage Tank under Blast Impacts
Erdik et al. Numerical simulation of armored vehicles subjected to undercarriage landmine blasts
Cen et al. CFD simulations to study parameters affecting gas explosion venting in compressor compartments
Randaxhe et al. Probabilistic fire demand model for steel pipe-racks exposed to localised fires
Chen et al. Behaviour of cylindrical steel drums under blast loading conditions
Papanikolaou et al. Validation of a numerical code for the simulation of a short-term CO2 release in an open environment: Effect of wind conditions and obstacles
Barathan et al. Nonlinear buckling analysis of a semi-elliptical dome: Numerical and experimental investigations
Chen et al. Fireball modeling and thermal hazards analysis of leaked 1, 1-difluoroethane in fluorine chemical industry based on FDS
Qi et al. External blast load factors for dome structures based on reliability
Qasrawi et al. Numerical determination of equivalent reflected blast parameters acting on circular cross sections
Hahn et al. Peak overpressure and impulse due to diffraction over a cylinder and/or multi-reflection of a shock wave in structural design-Part I
Bang et al. Analytical and numerical assessments of local overpressure from hydrogen gas explosions in petrochemical plants
Sun et al. A prediction model for debris scattering in vented gas deflagration
Possidente et al. Fire fragility curves for industrial steel pipe-racks integrating demand and capacity uncertainties

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 22895018

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1