WO2023087622A1 - 虚拟机引导的配置方法、装置、计算机设备和存储介质 - Google Patents

虚拟机引导的配置方法、装置、计算机设备和存储介质 Download PDF

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WO2023087622A1
WO2023087622A1 PCT/CN2022/089356 CN2022089356W WO2023087622A1 WO 2023087622 A1 WO2023087622 A1 WO 2023087622A1 CN 2022089356 W CN2022089356 W CN 2022089356W WO 2023087622 A1 WO2023087622 A1 WO 2023087622A1
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boot
virtual machine
configuration
booted
item
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PCT/CN2022/089356
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English (en)
French (fr)
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左兰海
闫冬冬
刘一
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苏州浪潮智能科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2023087622A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023087622A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
    • G06F9/455—Emulation; Interpretation; Software simulation, e.g. virtualisation or emulation of application or operating system execution engines
    • G06F9/45533—Hypervisors; Virtual machine monitors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
    • G06F9/4401—Bootstrapping
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
    • G06F9/455—Emulation; Interpretation; Software simulation, e.g. virtualisation or emulation of application or operating system execution engines
    • G06F9/45533—Hypervisors; Virtual machine monitors
    • G06F9/45558—Hypervisor-specific management and integration aspects
    • G06F2009/45575—Starting, stopping, suspending or resuming virtual machine instances

Definitions

  • the present application relates to a virtual machine boot configuration method, device, computer equipment and storage medium.
  • cloud deployment forms are mainly based on server virtualization platforms, and the operating environment of enterprise cloud computing includes virtual machines. Guide the device to configure. In large-scale and complex application scenarios, the installation, restart, and recovery of virtual machines are cumbersome, which is not conducive to the operation and maintenance of virtual machines.
  • a virtual machine boot configuration method is provided.
  • a method for booting a virtual machine includes:
  • the virtual machine to be booted is booted through the boot configuration.
  • booting the virtual machine to be booted through the boot configuration includes:
  • it also includes:
  • the modification process includes one of the following:
  • Delete the current boot item traverse the remaining boot items in the boot configuration, select the boot item that matches the booted virtual machine, update and save the boot configuration.
  • modifying the boot entry of the booted virtual machine includes:
  • the boot items in the boot configuration are numbered according to an ascending and descending sequence.
  • saving a bootstrap configuration includes:
  • the boot configuration is stored.
  • saving a bootstrap configuration includes:
  • the boot configuration includes at least one of the following:
  • the serial number of the boot item, the boot device corresponding to the boot item, and the identity of the boot device is the serial number of the boot item, the boot device corresponding to the boot item, and the identity of the boot device.
  • a device for configuring virtual machine boot includes:
  • the configuration module is configured to obtain a default configuration for booting a virtual machine, the default configuration includes at least one boot item, traverse the default configuration, and select a boot item that matches the virtual machine to be booted, so that the virtual machine to be booted Initialize the boot device of the virtual machine, update the selection order of the boot items in the default configuration according to the boot items that match the virtual machine to be booted, and obtain and save the boot configuration; and
  • a boot module configured to boot the virtual machine to be booted through the boot configuration.
  • a computer device including a memory and one or more processors, wherein computer-readable instructions are stored in the memory, and when the computer-readable instructions are executed by the one or more processors, The one or more processors are made to execute the steps of any one of the methods for configuring virtual machine booting described above.
  • one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media storing computer-readable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more The processor executes the steps of any one of the methods for configuring virtual machine booting described above.
  • Fig. 1 is an application environment diagram of a virtual machine boot configuration method in one or more embodiments.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a method for configuring virtual machine booting in one or more embodiments.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a method for configuring virtual machine booting in another or more embodiments.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a virtual machine boot configuration method in another one or more embodiments.
  • Fig. 5 is a structural block diagram of an apparatus for configuring virtual machine booting in one or more embodiments.
  • Figure 6 is an internal block diagram of a computer device in one or more embodiments.
  • the virtual machine boot configuration method provided in this application can be applied to the application environment shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the terminal 102 communicates with the server 104 through the network.
  • the server 104 can be configured as a virtualization platform/virtual machine, and the terminal 102 can be configured as a boot device, and the server 104 is booted through the terminal 102. Booting is performed so that the server 104 installs an operating system or enters an already installed operating system.
  • the boot device that needs to be configured is an optical drive
  • the boot item of the virtual machine is a Universal Serial Bus (Universal Serial Bus, USB) interface
  • the boot device that needs to be configured is USB driver
  • the boot item of the virtual machine is a pre-boot execution environment (Preboot eXecution Environment, PXE) resource
  • the boot device that needs to be configured is a network card
  • the server 104 can use an independent server or a server cluster formed by multiple servers. accomplish.
  • FIG. 2 a method for configuring virtual machine booting is provided.
  • the method is applied to the server in FIG. 1 as an example for illustration, including the following steps:
  • S2 traverse the default configuration, select a boot item that matches the virtual machine to be booted, so that the boot device of the virtual machine to be booted is initialized;
  • S3 Update the selection order of the boot items in the default configuration according to the boot items matching the virtual machine to be booted, and obtain and save the boot configuration
  • the above-mentioned virtual machine boot configuration method can provide a default configuration for the virtual machine to boot, and select a matching boot item according to the needs of the virtual machine to be booted, and update it to the boot configuration, so that the boot device can be initialized to meet the requirements of the virtual machine. According to the boot requirements of the virtual machine, it realizes the reasonable configuration of various boot items and boot devices for the virtual machine.
  • the boot configuration can be used to provide a boot strategy for the virtual machine to be booted, so as to quickly restore and rebuild the virtual machine, and improve the problem of inconvenient booting of the virtual machine, which is suitable for education, scientific research, etc.
  • boot devices can be configured in batches, which greatly reduces the operation and maintenance costs of management and maintenance personnel. It can also effectively reduce the cost and pressure of operation and maintenance for large-scale or ultra-large-scale virtual machine clusters.
  • step S1 it is exemplarily explained that the default configuration of virtual machine booting is obtained, and the boot items in the default configuration include but are not limited to CDs, universal serial bus interfaces, USB drives, and pre-boot execution environment resources. Select a certain number of boot items in the configuration, for example, ranging from 3 to 5, and you can also select the maximum and minimum values of the number of boot items in the default configuration, providing multiple possibilities for booting the virtual machine, and can also adapt the virtual machine Multiple scenarios while booting.
  • step S2 it is exemplarily explained that the default configuration is traversed, and a boot item matching the virtual machine to be booted is selected, so that the boot device of the virtual machine to be booted is initialized.
  • the default configuration can be Set the priority order of the boot items in , and arrange them according to the serial number.
  • step S3 it is exemplarily explained that the boot item matching the virtual machine to be booted can be used as the boot path of the virtual machine currently to be booted, and the selection order of the boot items in the default configuration is updated, and Prepending the priority number of the matching boot item as the boot item of the virtual machine to be booted, completing the update of the default configuration, obtaining the boot configuration, and saving the boot configuration.
  • step S4 it is exemplarily explained that the virtual machine may be booted according to the boot configuration, so that the boot configuration guides the virtual machine to install or enter an operating system.
  • the boot device for each boot item can be customized and adapted through the default configuration, or the matching boot item can be selected by traversing the boot items in the default configuration, as shown in Figure 3
  • the step S4 of booting the virtual machine to be booted through the boot configuration includes:
  • step S41 it is exemplarily explained that a boot device can be selected in the available device list of each boot item, and when the boot device is changed, specifically, in response to the change of the boot device, the boot device of the boot item is changed to the specified boot device , mark it as an available boot device, and determine whether there are other boot devices of the same type as the changed boot device after changing the boot device.
  • step S42 it is exemplarily explained that a boot device of the same type is selected in the list of available devices of the boot item, for example, an available boot device of the same type is selected, for example, if the virtual machine allows the boot device of each boot item When the types are the same, the available device list of each boot item is an unmarked available device. For example, if the virtual machine does not allow the boot device type of each boot item to be the same, traverse other boot items and select the available devices of other boot items. Available devices that are not marked in the device list.
  • step S43 it is exemplarily explained that, for example, when the boot device is deleted, the boot item where the deleted boot device is located Automatically select other boot items in the boot configuration.
  • the boot device corresponding to the current boot item that is automatically selected is unavailable, delete the current boot item until a matching boot item is selected, and the matching boot item will be selected in the Saved in the boot configuration.
  • it also includes editing the existing virtual machine to realize the operation and maintenance of the virtual machine so as to adapt to the current application scenario.
  • editing the booted virtual machine modify the boot item of the booted virtual machine. For example, changing the current boot entry, traversing the boot configuration, and selecting a boot entry that matches the booted virtual machine, so that the boot device of the booted virtual machine is initialized; and for example, deleting the current boot entry , traversing the remaining boot items in the boot configuration, and selecting the boot items that match the booted virtual machine, wherein the remaining boot items include other boot items in the boot configuration except the current boot item, and at the same time, delete The boot item information of the current boot item, and the boot device corresponding to the deleted current boot item, replacing the deleted current boot item with the boot item matching the booted virtual machine, updating and saving the boot configuration.
  • modify the boot of the virtual machine that has been booted items including:
  • serial numbers of the boot items in the boot configuration are discontinuous or repeated, arrange the boot items in the boot configuration according to the ascending and descending sequence, specifically, in response to the discontinuous serial numbers of the boot items in the boot configuration Or repeat, sequence the boot items in the boot configuration according to ascending and descending sequences. For example, use ascending order to arrange the serial numbers of each boot item in the boot configuration, improve the efficiency and correctness when traversing boot items, and select the serial number of the boot item with higher priority, and for example, use descending order to sort the boot configuration.
  • the serial numbers of the boot items are arranged to avoid discontinuous or repeated serial numbers of the boot items.
  • the boot configuration is stored. For example, when shutting down, persist the data in the boot configuration to the physical memory in the form of database or file records; for example, when starting up, read the persisted data and write it into the process parameters started by the virtual machine, Stored in the memory, when the virtual machine starts, read the process parameters, transmit to the boot program of the boot item in the virtual machine, read the boot information and enter the boot program, and complete the boot.
  • the virtual machine When a disaster recovery occurs in a server cluster, the virtual machine needs to be recovered. During the recovery process of the virtual machine, the operating system needs to be installed and imported. Therefore, a certain virtual machine boot configuration method needs to be adopted. For data loss caused by disaster recovery, the boot configuration can be saved in a distributed manner, or multiple backups can be saved. In some embodiments, the virtual machine service can be restored by saving the boot configuration, as shown in FIG. 4 , saving the boot configuration includes:
  • S53 traverse the boot items of the boot configuration and the corresponding boot devices, and determine whether the boot devices are available;
  • S54 Reserving available boot items in the boot configuration in response to the boot device being available
  • step S51 it is exemplarily explained that the boot configuration is stored in a distributed manner to avoid concurrent disaster recovery.
  • the boot configuration is stored in multiple backups, so that the virtual machine is backed up and protected, and the boot item And all the data of the boot device are saved to the backup memory synchronously.
  • step S52 for example, an instruction that the virtual machine needs to be restored is obtained, and data is obtained from the boot configuration saved in the backup, so that the boot device and boot items complete the booting of the virtual machine.
  • step S53 exemplarily explained, the boot items of the boot configuration and the corresponding boot devices are traversed, starting from the boot item whose serial number is 1, to detect whether a backup boot device exists, and to determine whether the boot device is available.
  • step S54 it is exemplarily explained that when it is detected that the boot item and the corresponding boot device are available, the available boot item and corresponding data information are retained.
  • step S55 it is exemplarily explained that when it is detected that the boot item and the corresponding boot device are unavailable, the unavailable boot item and the corresponding data information are deleted until all the boot items are detected.
  • step S56 for example, update the boot configuration and save the boot configuration, for example, save the information of the boot device that matches the boot item into the boot configuration, and establish an association with the virtual machine .
  • the boot configuration includes at least one of the following: the serial number of the boot item, The boot device corresponding to the boot item and the identity of the boot device.
  • the data structure can be configured as follows:
  • the identity of the boot device is configured as id (Identity document, id);
  • the serial number of the boot item is configured as: boot_order, and the serial number of the boot item is an integer starting from 1;
  • boot_device_type The type of the boot device corresponding to the boot item is configured as: boot_device_type, and the type includes but is not limited to: disk, optical drive, USB, network card;
  • boot_device_id including but not limited to: disk id, optical drive id.
  • the boot configuration further includes other configuration information, for example, format set: key-value, for example, boot firmware version: boot_firmware_version, for example, boot delay time: boot_delay.
  • steps in the flow charts in FIGS. 2-4 are displayed sequentially as indicated by the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed sequentially in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless otherwise specified herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and these steps can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some of the steps in Figures 2-4 may include a plurality of sub-steps or stages, these sub-steps or stages are not necessarily executed at the same time, but may be executed at different times, these sub-steps or stages The order of execution is not necessarily performed sequentially, but may be performed alternately or alternately with at least a part of other steps or sub-steps or stages of other steps.
  • a virtual machine boot configuration device including: a configuration module and a boot module, the configuration module is signal-connected to the boot module, wherein:
  • the configuration module is configured to obtain a default configuration for booting a virtual machine, the default configuration includes at least one boot item, traverse the default configuration, and select a boot item that matches the virtual machine to be booted, so that the virtual machine to be booted Initialize the boot device of the virtual machine, update the selection order of the boot items in the default configuration according to the boot items that match the virtual machine to be booted, and obtain and save the boot configuration;
  • a boot module configured to boot the virtual machine to be booted through the boot configuration.
  • a default configuration can be provided for the virtual machine, and according to the requirements of the virtual machine to be booted, a matching boot item is selected and updated to the boot configuration, so that the boot device can be initialized to meet the booting requirements of the virtual machine.
  • the boot module is configured to determine whether there is a boot device of the same type as the boot device before the change when the boot device of the virtual machine to be booted is changed; A boot device of the same type before the boot device is changed, selecting a boot device of the same type in the available device list of the boot item; and in response to no boot device of the same type as the boot device before the change, traversing the For the remaining boot items in the boot configuration, select a boot item that matches the virtual machine to be booted, update and save the boot configuration.
  • the configuration module is also used to modify the boot entry of the booted virtual machine when editing the booted virtual machine, and the modification process includes one of the following:
  • Delete the current boot item traverse the remaining boot items in the boot configuration, select the boot item that matches the booted virtual machine, update and save the boot configuration.
  • the configuration module is configured to sequence the boot items in the boot configuration according to ascending and descending sequences when the serial numbers of the boot items in the boot configuration are discontinuous or repeated.
  • the configuration module is configured to store the boot configuration when the virtual machine is powered off or powered on.
  • the configuration module is used to backup and save the boot configuration; when the virtual machine needs to be restored, obtain the boot configuration saved by the backup; traverse the boot configuration of the boot configuration item and the corresponding boot device, determine whether the boot device is available; in response to the boot device being available, reserve the available boot item in the boot configuration; in response to the boot device being unavailable, in the boot removing unusable boot entries from the configuration; and updating said boot configuration.
  • the boot configuration includes at least one of the following:
  • the serial number of the boot item, the boot device corresponding to the boot item, and the identity of the boot device is the serial number of the boot item, the boot device corresponding to the boot item, and the identity of the boot device.
  • Each module in the configuration device guided by the virtual machine can be fully or partially realized by software, hardware and a combination thereof.
  • the above-mentioned modules can be embedded in or independent of the processor in the computer device in the form of hardware, and can also be stored in the memory of the computer device in the form of software, so that the processor can invoke and execute the corresponding operations of the above-mentioned modules.
  • a computer device is provided.
  • the computer device may be a server, and its internal structure may be as shown in FIG. 6 .
  • the computer device includes a processor, memory, network interface and database connected by a system bus. Wherein, the processor of the computer device is used to provide calculation and control capabilities.
  • the memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory.
  • the non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system, computer readable instructions and a database.
  • the internal memory provides an environment for the execution of the operating system and computer readable instructions in the non-volatile storage medium.
  • the database of the computer device is used to store configuration data for virtual machine booting.
  • the network interface of the computer device is used to communicate with an external terminal via a network connection. When the computer-readable instructions are executed by the processor, a virtual machine boot configuration method is implemented.
  • FIG. 6 is only a block diagram of a part of the structure related to the solution of this application, and does not constitute a limitation on the computer equipment to which the solution of this application is applied.
  • the specific computer equipment can be More or fewer components than shown in the figures may be included, or some components may be combined, or have a different arrangement of components.
  • a computer device comprising a memory and one or more processors, the memory stores computer readable instructions, the computer readable instructions are executed by the one or more When the processors execute, the one or more processors are made to execute the steps of the method for configuring virtual machine booting in any of the foregoing embodiments.
  • one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media storing computer-readable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the The one or more processors execute the steps of the method for configuring virtual machine booting in any of the foregoing embodiments.
  • Nonvolatile memory can include read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory.
  • Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory.
  • RAM random access memory
  • RAM is available in many forms such as Static RAM (SRAM), Dynamic RAM (DRAM), Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), Double Data Rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), Enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchronous Chain Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), memory bus (Rambus) direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM), etc.

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Abstract

一种虚拟机引导的配置方法、装置、计算机设备和存储介质。所述方法包括：获取虚拟机引导的默认配置，所述默认配置包括至少一个引导项；遍历所述默认配置，选择与待引导的虚拟机相匹配的引导项，以使待引导的所述虚拟机的引导设备进行初始化；根据与待引导的所述虚拟机相匹配的引导项，更新所述默认配置中所述引导项的选择顺序，获取并保存引导配置；通过所述引导配置对待引导的所述虚拟机进行引导。

Description

虚拟机引导的配置方法、装置、计算机设备和存储介质
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2021年11月16日提交中国专利局，申请号为202111353338.1，申请名称为“虚拟机引导的配置方法、装置、计算机设备和存储介质”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及一种虚拟机引导的配置方法、装置、计算机设备和存储介质。
背景技术
随着云计算技术的发展，信息技术及相关产业加快了将业务部署到云端的进程。
目前，云端部署形式以服务器虚拟化平台为主，企业云计算的运行环境包括虚拟机，然而，发明人意识到，在虚拟机的引导过程中，例如虚拟机的操作系统安装或启动，需要依赖引导设备进行配置，在大规模、复杂化的应用场景下，虚拟机的安装、重启、恢复工作较为繁琐，不利于虚拟机的运维。
发明内容
根据本申请公开的各种实施例，提供一种虚拟机引导的配置方法、装置、计算机设备和存储介质。
一方面，提供一种虚拟机引导的方法，所述虚拟机引导的方法包括：
获取虚拟机引导的默认配置，所述默认配置包括至少一个引导项；
遍历所述默认配置，选择与待引导的虚拟机相匹配的引导项，以使待引导的所述虚拟机的引导设备进行初始化；
根据与待引导的所述虚拟机相匹配的引导项，更新所述默认配置中所述引导项的选择顺序，获取并保存引导配置；及
通过所述引导配置对待引导的所述虚拟机进行引导。
在其中一个或多个实施例中，通过所述引导配置对待引导的所述虚拟机进行引导，包括：
当待引导的所述虚拟机的引导设备变更时，判断是否存在与所述引导设备变更前类型相同的引导设备；
响应于存在与所述引导设备变更前类型相同的引导设备，在所述引导项的可用设备列表中选择类型相同的引导设备；及
响应于不存在与所述引导设备变更前类型相同的引导设备，遍历所述引导配置中其余的引导项，选择与待引导的所述虚拟机相匹配的引导项，更新并保存所述引导配置。
在其中一个或多个实施例中，还包括：
当对已引导的虚拟机进行编辑时，修改已引导的所述虚拟机的引导项，修改过程包括以下之一：
更改当前引导项，遍历所述引导配置，选择与已引导的所述虚拟机相匹配的引导项，以使已引导的所述虚拟机的引导设备进行初始化；及
删除当前引导项，遍历所述引导配置中其余的引导项，选择与已引导的所述虚拟机相匹配的引导项，更新并保存所述引导配置。
在其中一个或多个实施例中，修改已引导的所述虚拟机的引导项，包括：
当所述引导配置中的引导项的序号不连续或者重复时，根据升降序列对所述引导配置中的引导项进行序号排列。
在其中一个或多个实施例中，保存引导配置，包括：
在所述虚拟机关机或者开机时，将所述引导配置进行存储。
在其中一个或多个实施例中，保存引导配置，包括：
将所述引导配置进行备份保存；
当所述虚拟机需要恢复时，获取备份保存的所述引导配置；
遍历所述引导配置的引导项以及对应的引导设备，判断所述引导设备是否可用；
响应于所述引导设备可用，在所述引导配置中保留可用的引导项；
响应于所述引导设备不可用，在所述引导配置中删除不可用的引导项；及
更新所述引导配置。
在其中一个或多个实施例中，所述引导配置中至少包括以下之一：
所述引导项的序号、所述引导项所对应的引导设备及所述引导设备的身份标识。
另一方面，提供了一种虚拟机引导的配置装置，所述虚拟机引导的配置装置包括：
配置模块，用于获取虚拟机引导的默认配置，所述默认配置包括至少一个引导项，遍历所述默认配置，选择与待引导的虚拟机相匹配的引导项，以使待引导的所述虚拟机的引导设备进行初始化，根据与待引导的所述虚拟机相匹配的引导项，更新所述默认配 置中所述引导项的选择顺序，获取并保存引导配置；及
引导模块，用于通过所述引导配置对待引导的所述虚拟机进行引导。
再一方面，提供了一种计算机设备，包括存储器及一个或多个处理器，所述存储器中储存有计算机可读指令，所述计算机可读指令被所述一个或多个处理器执行时，使得所述一个或多个处理器执行上述任一项的虚拟机引导的配置方法的步骤。
又一方面，提供了一个或多个存储有计算机可读指令的非易失性计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读指令被一个或多个处理器执行时，使得所述一个或多个处理器执行上述任一项的虚拟机引导的配置方法的步骤。
本申请的一个或多个实施例的细节在下面的附图和描述中提出。本申请的其它特征和优点将从说明书、附图以及权利要求书变得明显。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。
图1为一个或多个实施例中虚拟机引导的配置方法的应用环境图。
图2为一个或多个实施例中虚拟机引导的配置方法的流程示意图。
图3为另一个或多个实施例中虚拟机引导的配置方法的流程示意图。
图4为又一个或多个实施例中虚拟机引导的配置方法的流程示意图。
图5为一个或多个实施例中虚拟机引导的配置装置的结构框图。
图6为一个或多个实施例中计算机设备的内部结构图。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
本申请提供的虚拟机引导的配置方法，可以应用于如图1所示的应用环境中。其中，终端102通过网络与服务器104进行通信。服务器104可以被配置为虚拟化平台/虚拟机，终端102可以被配置为引导设备，通过终端102对服务器104进行引导，例如，在服务器104产生虚拟机时，通过终端102的引导设备对服务器104进行引导，以使所述服务器104 安装操作系统或者进入已经安装的操作系统中。又例如，当虚拟机的引导项为光盘时，则需要配置的引导设备为光驱，当虚拟机的引导项为通用串行总线(Universal Serial Bus，USB)接口时，则需要配置的引导设备为USB驱动，当虚拟机的引导项为预启动执行环境(Preboot eXecution Environment，PXE)资源时，则需要配置的引导设备为网卡，服务器104可以用独立的服务器或者是多个服务器组成的服务器集群来实现。
在一个或多个实施例中，如图2所示，提供了一种虚拟机引导的配置方法，以该方法应用于图1中的服务器为例进行说明，包括以下步骤：
S1：获取虚拟机引导的默认配置，所述默认配置包括至少一个引导项；
S2：遍历所述默认配置，选择与待引导的虚拟机相匹配的引导项，以使待引导的所述虚拟机的引导设备进行初始化；
S3：根据与待引导的所述虚拟机相匹配的引导项，更新所述默认配置中所述引导项的选择顺序，获取并保存引导配置；及
S4：通过所述引导配置对待引导的所述虚拟机进行引导。
上述虚拟机引导的配置方法，可为虚拟机提供默认配置进行引导，并根据待引导的虚拟机的需求，选择相匹配的引导项，更新为引导配置，以使引导设备进行初始化，满足虚拟机的引导要求，实现对虚拟机的多种引导项以及引导设备的合理配置。
在云计算服务中，需要对创建的或者更新的虚拟机进行引导，以使所述虚拟机安装操作系统或者运行操作系统，在一些应用场景下，还需要自动从不同的引导项进行引导及启动，不同的引导项往往需要对应的引导设备，随着虚拟机的数量上升，虚拟机进行引导的运维压力也随之增加，可为虚拟机提供默认配置进行引导，并根据待引导的虚拟机的需求，选择相匹配的引导项，更新为引导配置，以使引导设备进行初始化，满足虚拟机的引导要求，实现对虚拟机的多种引导项以及引导设备的合理配置，还可保存所述引导配置，当虚拟机故障或者丢失后，可从保存的引导配置中为待引导的虚拟机提供引导策略，以便于迅速恢复重建虚拟机，改善虚拟机引导不便的问题，适用于教育、科研等行业批量生产虚拟机的场景，可批量配置引导设备，大大降低管理维护人员的运维成本，还可以面向大规模或者超大规模虚拟机群时，则可以有效降低运维的成本和压力。
在步骤S1中，示例性地说明，获取虚拟机引导的默认配置，所述默认配置中的引导项包括但不限于光盘、通用串行总线接口、USB驱动、预启动执行环境资源，可在默认配置中选择一定数量的引导项，例如，3至5个不等，还可以在默认配置中选择引导项数量的最大值以及最小值，为引导虚拟机提供多种可能，也能够适配虚拟机引导时的多种场景。
在步骤S2中，示例性地说明，遍历所述默认配置，选择与待引导的虚拟机相匹配的引导项，以使待引导的所述虚拟机的引导设备进行初始化，例如，可在默认配置中设定引导项的优先级顺序，并按照序号进行排列，通过遍历默认配置中的引导项，选择与待引导的虚拟机相匹配的引导项，并从设备列表中选择可用的引导设备，以使该引导设备初始化，其中，可用的设备是指标记可作为引导设备或者虚拟机可以访问的引导设备，以避免设备列表中的引导设备处于占用状态，也避免虚拟机引导过程中出现的故障。
在步骤S3中，示例性地说明，与待引导的所述虚拟机相匹配的引导项可作为当前待引导的虚拟机的引导途径，更新所述默认配置中所述引导项的选择顺序，并将相匹配的引导项的优先级序号前置，作为该待引导的所述虚拟机的引导项，完成默认配置的更新，获取引导配置，并将该引导配置进行保存。
在步骤S4中，示例性地说明，可根据引导配置对虚拟机进行引导，以使所述引导配置引导虚拟机安装或者进入操作系统。
在应用环境中产生新的虚拟机时，自定义选择每个引导项的引导设备，可以通过默认配置适配，还可以通过遍历默认配置中的引导项，选择匹配的引导项，如图3所示，通过所述引导配置对待引导的所述虚拟机进行引导的步骤S4包括：
S41：当待引导的所述虚拟机的引导设备变更时，判断是否存在与所述引导设备变更前类型相同的引导设备；
S42：响应于存在与所述引导设备变更前类型相同的引导设备，在所述引导项的可用设备列表中选择类型相同的引导设备；及
S43：响应于不存在与所述引导设备变更前类型相同的引导设备，遍历所述引导配置中其余的引导项，选择与待引导的所述虚拟机相匹配的引导项，更新并保存所述引导配置。
在步骤S41中，示例性地说明，可在每个引导项的可用设备列表中选择引导设备，当引导设备变更时，具体地，响应于引导设备变更，更改引导项的引导设备为指定引导设备，标记为可用引导设备，并判断更改引导设备后，是否还存在与该更改的引导设备类型相同的其他引导设备。
在步骤S42中，示例性地说明，在所述引导项的可用设备列表中选择类型相同的引导设备，例如，选择类型相同的可用引导设备，例如，如果虚拟机允许每个引导项的引导设备类型相同时，则每个引导项的可用设备列表为未标记的可用设备，又例如，如果虚拟机不允许每个引导项的引导设备类型相同，则遍历其他引导项，选择其他引导项的可用设备列表中未标记的可用设备。
当虚拟机的引导设备发生变更时，引导项内已选择的引导设备也会同步变化，在步骤S43中，示例性地说明，例如，当引导设备删除时，被删除的引导设备所在的引导项自动选择为引导配置中其他的引导项，当自动选择的当前引导项所对应的引导设备不可用时，则删除当前引导项，直至选择出相匹配的引导项，将选择出相匹配的引导项在引导配置中保存。
在一些实施例中，还包括对已存在的虚拟机进行编辑，实现对虚拟机的运维，使得适配当前的应用场景。当对已引导的虚拟机进行编辑时，修改已引导的所述虚拟机的引导项。例如，更改当前引导项，遍历所述引导配置，选择与已引导的所述虚拟机相匹配的引导项，以使已引导的所述虚拟机的引导设备进行初始化；又例如，删除当前引导项，遍历所述引导配置中其余的引导项，选择与已引导的所述虚拟机相匹配的引导项，其中，其余的引导项包括引导配置中除当前引导项外其他引导项，同时，还删除当前引导项的引导项信息，以及删除当前引导项所对应的引导设备，将与已引导的所述虚拟机相匹配的引导项替换删除的当前引导项，更新并保存所述引导配置。
为了便于引导配置中各个引导项的优先级排序，排除引导项引导过程中的异常以及故障，以便于虚拟机根据引导配置进行引导，在一些实施例中，修改已引导的所述虚拟机的引导项，包括：
当所述引导配置中的引导项的序号不连续或者重复时，根据升降序列对所述引导配置中的引导项进行序号排列，具体地，响应于所述引导配置中的引导项的序号不连续或者重复，根据升降序列对所述引导配置中的引导项进行序号排列。例如，采用升序列对引导配置中各个引导项的序号进行排列，改善遍历引导项时的效率以及正确性，选取优先级较高的引导项的序号，又例如，采用降序列对引导配置中各个引导项的序号进行排列，以避免引导项的序号不连续或者重复的现象出现。
为了便于虚拟机持续地、稳定地运行，避免虚拟机引导时需要从默认配置中调试，可以通过保存引导配置的方式，满足虚拟机引导的实际应用场景需求，在一些实施例中，在所述虚拟机关机或者开机时，将所述引导配置进行存储。例如，在关机时，将引导配置中的数据以数据库或文件的记录形式持久化到物理存储器中，又例如，在开机时，读取持久化的数据，写入虚拟机启动的进程参数中，在内存中保存，虚拟机启动时，读取进程参数，传输给虚拟机中引导项的引导程序，读取引导信息进入引导程序，完成引导。
当服务器集群发生容灾时，需要恢复虚拟机，虚拟机的恢复过程中，还需要操作系统的安装以及导入，因此，需要采用一定的虚拟机引导的配置方法，为避免默认配置或者引导配置由于容灾导致的数据丢失，可将引导配置进行分布式保存，或者，多份备份 保存。在一些实施例中，可通过保存引导配置的方式来为恢复虚拟机服务，如图4所示，保存引导配置，包括：
S51：将所述引导配置进行备份保存；
S52：当所述虚拟机需要恢复时，获取备份保存的所述引导配置；具体地，响应于所述虚拟机需要恢复，获取备份保存的所述引导配置；
S53：遍历所述引导配置的引导项以及对应的引导设备，判断所述引导设备是否可用；
S54：响应于所述引导设备可用，在所述引导配置中保留可用的引导项；
S55：响应于所述引导设备不可用，在所述引导配置中删除不可用的引导项；及
S56：更新所述引导配置。
在步骤S51中，进行示例性地说明，将所述引导配置进行分布式保存以避免并发式容灾，又例如，将引导配置进行多份备份保存，使得对虚拟机进行备份保护，将引导项以及引导设备的全部数据同步保存到备份存储器中。
在步骤S52中，进行示例性地说明，获取虚拟机需要恢复的指令，从备份保存的引导配置中获取数据，以使引导设备及引导项完成对虚拟机的引导。
在步骤S53中，进行示例性地说明，遍历所述引导配置的引导项以及对应的引导设备，从序号为1的引导项开始检测备份的引导设备是否存在，并判断所述引导设备是否可用。
在步骤S54中，进行示例性地说明，当检测到引导项及所对应的引导设备可用时，则保留可用的引导项以及相应的数据信息。
在步骤S55中，进行示例性地说明，当检测到引导项及所对应的引导设备不可用时，删除不可用引导项以及相应的数据信息，直到所有引导项完成检测。
在步骤S56中，进行示例性地说明，更新所述引导配置并保存所述引导配置，例如，将引导项相匹配的引导设备的信息保存到所述引导配置中，并建立与虚拟机的关联。
为了便于默认配置以及引导配置的数据更新，可提供用于适配默认配置或者引导配置的数据结构，在一些实施例中，所述引导配置中至少包括以下之一：所述引导项的序号、所述引导项所对应的引导设备及所述引导设备的身份标识。例如，数据结构可采用如下配置：
将所述引导设备的身份标识配置为id(Identity document，id)；
将所述引导项的序号配置为：boot_order，所述引导项的序号为从1开始的整数；
将所述引导项所对应的引导设备的类型配置为：boot_device_type，类型包括不限于：磁盘、光驱、USB、网卡；
将所述引导设备的身份标识配置为：boot_device_id，包括不限于：磁盘id、光驱id。
在一些实施例中，引导配置还包括其他配置信息，例如，格式集合：key-value，例如，引导固件版本：boot_firmware_version,例如，引导延迟时间：boot_delay。
应该理解的是，虽然图2-4的流程图中的各个步骤按照箭头的指示依次显示，但是这些步骤并不是必然按照箭头指示的顺序依次执行。除非本文中有明确的说明，这些步骤的执行并没有严格的顺序限制，这些步骤可以以其它的顺序执行。而且，图2-4中的至少一部分步骤可以包括多个子步骤或者多个阶段，这些子步骤或者阶段并不必然是在同一时刻执行完成，而是可以在不同的时刻执行，这些子步骤或者阶段的执行顺序也不必然是依次进行，而是可以与其它步骤或者其它步骤的子步骤或者阶段的至少一部分轮流或者交替地执行。
在一个或多个实施例中，如图5所示，提供了一种虚拟机引导的配置装置，包括：配置模块和引导模块，所述配置模块与所述引导模块信号连接，其中：
配置模块，用于获取虚拟机引导的默认配置，所述默认配置包括至少一个引导项，遍历所述默认配置，选择与待引导的虚拟机相匹配的引导项，以使待引导的所述虚拟机的引导设备进行初始化，根据与待引导的所述虚拟机相匹配的引导项，更新所述默认配置中所述引导项的选择顺序，获取并保存引导配置；
引导模块，用于通过所述引导配置对待引导的所述虚拟机进行引导。可为虚拟机提供默认配置，并根据待引导的虚拟机的需求，选择相匹配的引导项，更新为引导配置，以使引导设备进行初始化，满足虚拟机的引导要求。
在其中一个或多个实施例中，所述引导模块用于当待引导的所述虚拟机的引导设备变更时，判断是否存在与所述引导设备变更前类型相同的引导设备；响应于存在与所述引导设备变更前类型相同的引导设备，在所述引导项的可用设备列表中选择类型相同的引导设备；及响应于不存在与所述引导设备变更前类型相同的引导设备，遍历所述引导配置中其余的引导项，选择与待引导的所述虚拟机相匹配的引导项，更新并保存所述引导配置。
在其中一个或多个实施例中，所述配置模块还用于当对已引导的虚拟机进行编辑时，修改已引导的所述虚拟机的引导项，修改过程包括以下之一：
更改当前引导项，遍历所述引导配置，选择与已引导的所述虚拟机相匹配的引导项，以使已引导的所述虚拟机的引导设备进行初始化；及
删除当前引导项，遍历所述引导配置中其余的引导项，选择与已引导的所述虚拟机相匹配的引导项，更新并保存所述引导配置。
在其中一个或多个实施例中，所述配置模块用于当所述引导配置中的引导项的序号 不连续或者重复时，根据升降序列对所述引导配置中的引导项进行序号排列。
在其中一个或多个实施例中，所述配置模块用于在所述虚拟机关机或者开机时，将所述引导配置进行存储。
在其中一个或多个实施例中，所述配置模用于将所述引导配置进行备份保存；当所述虚拟机需要恢复时，获取备份保存的所述引导配置；遍历所述引导配置的引导项以及对应的引导设备，判断所述引导设备是否可用；响应于所述引导设备可用，则在所述引导配置中保留可用的引导项；响应于所述引导设备不可用，则在所述引导配置中删除不可用的引导项；及更新所述引导配置。
在其中一个或多个实施例中，所述引导配置中至少包括以下之一：
所述引导项的序号、所述引导项所对应的引导设备及所述引导设备的身份标识。
关于虚拟机引导的配置装置的具体限定可以参见上文中对于虚拟机引导的配置方法的限定，在此不再赘述。上述虚拟机引导的配置装置中的各个模块可全部或部分通过软件、硬件及其组合来实现。上述各模块可以硬件形式内嵌于或独立于计算机设备中的处理器中，也可以以软件形式存储于计算机设备中的存储器中，以便于处理器调用执行以上各个模块对应的操作。
在一个或多个实施例中，提供了一种计算机设备，该计算机设备可以是服务器，其内部结构图可以如图6所示。该计算机设备包括通过系统总线连接的处理器、存储器、网络接口和数据库。其中，该计算机设备的处理器用于提供计算和控制能力。该计算机设备的存储器包括非易失性存储介质、内存储器。该非易失性存储介质存储有操作系统、计算机可读指令和数据库。该内存储器为非易失性存储介质中的操作系统和计算机可读指令的运行提供环境。该计算机设备的数据库用于存储虚拟机引导的配置数据。该计算机设备的网络接口用于与外部的终端通过网络连接通信。该计算机可读指令被处理器执行时以实现一种虚拟机引导的配置方法。
本领域技术人员可以理解，图6中示出的结构，仅仅是与本申请方案相关的部分结构的框图，并不构成对本申请方案所应用于其上的计算机设备的限定，具体的计算机设备可以包括比图中所示更多或更少的部件，或者组合某些部件，或者具有不同的部件布置。
在一个或多个实施例中，提供了一种计算机设备，包括存储器及一个或多个处理器，所述存储器中储存有计算机可读指令，所述计算机可读指令被所述一个或多个处理器执行时，使得所述一个或多个处理器执行上述任一实施例的虚拟机引导的配置方法的步骤。
在一个或多个实施例中，提供了一个或多个存储有计算机可读指令的非易失性计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读指令被一个或多个处理器执行时，使得所述一个或多 个处理器执行上述任一实施例的虚拟机引导的配置方法的步骤。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分流程，是可以通过计算机可读指令来指令相关的硬件来完成，所述的计算机可读指令可存储于一非易失性计算机可读取存储介质中，该计算机可读指令在执行时，可包括如上述各方法的实施例的流程。其中，本申请所提供的各实施例中所使用的对存储器、存储、数据库或其它介质的任何引用，均可包括非易失性和/或易失性存储器。非易失性存储器可包括只读存储器(ROM)、可编程ROM(PROM)、电可编程ROM(EPROM)、电可擦除可编程ROM(EEPROM)或闪存。易失性存储器可包括随机存取存储器(RAM)或者外部高速缓冲存储器。作为说明而非局限，RAM以多种形式可得，诸如静态RAM(SRAM)、动态RAM(DRAM)、同步DRAM(SDRAM)、双数据率SDRAM(DDRSDRAM)、增强型SDRAM(ESDRAM)、同步链路(Synchlink)DRAM(SLDRAM)、存储器总线(Rambus)直接RAM(RDRAM)、直接存储器总线动态RAM(DRDRAM)、以及存储器总线动态RAM(RDRAM)等。
以上实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本申请的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本申请的保护范围。因此，本申请专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种虚拟机引导的配置方法，其特征在于，包括：
    获取虚拟机引导的默认配置，所述默认配置包括至少一个引导项；
    遍历所述默认配置，选择与待引导的虚拟机相匹配的引导项，以使待引导的所述虚拟机的引导设备进行初始化；
    根据与待引导的所述虚拟机相匹配的引导项，更新所述默认配置中所述引导项的选择顺序，获取并保存引导配置；及
    通过所述引导配置对待引导的所述虚拟机进行引导。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的虚拟机引导的配置方法，其特征在于，所述通过所述引导配置对待引导的所述虚拟机进行引导，包括：
    当待引导的所述虚拟机的引导设备变更时，判断是否存在与所述引导设备变更前类型相同的引导设备；
    响应于存在与所述引导设备变更前类型相同的引导设备，在所述引导项的可用设备列表中选择类型相同的引导设备；及
    响应于不存在与所述引导设备变更前类型相同的引导设备，遍历所述引导配置中其余的引导项，选择与待引导的所述虚拟机相匹配的引导项，更新并保存所述引导配置。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的虚拟机引导的配置方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    当对已引导的虚拟机进行编辑时，修改已引导的所述虚拟机的引导项，修改过程包括以下之一：
    更改当前引导项，遍历所述引导配置，选择与已引导的所述虚拟机相匹配的引导项，以使已引导的所述虚拟机的引导设备进行初始化；及
    删除当前引导项，遍历所述引导配置中其余的引导项，选择与已引导的所述虚拟机相匹配的引导项，更新并保存所述引导配置。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的虚拟机引导的配置方法，其特征在于，所述修改已引导的所述虚拟机的引导项，包括：
    当所述引导配置中的引导项的序号不连续或者重复时，根据升降序列对所述引导配置中的引导项进行序号排列。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的虚拟机引导的配置方法，其特征在于，所述保存引导配置，包括：
    在所述虚拟机关机或者开机时，将所述引导配置进行存储。
  6. 根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的虚拟机引导的配置方法，其特征在于，所述保存引导配置，包括：
    将所述引导配置进行备份保存；
    当所述虚拟机需要恢复时，获取备份保存的所述引导配置；
    遍历所述引导配置的引导项以及对应的引导设备，判断所述引导设备是否可用；
    响应于所述引导设备可用，在所述引导配置中保留可用的引导项；
    响应于所述引导设备不可用，在所述引导配置中删除不可用的引导项；及
    更新所述引导配置。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的虚拟机引导的配置方法，其特征在于，所述引导配置中至少包括以下之一：
    所述引导项的序号、所述引导项所对应的引导设备及所述引导设备的身份标识。
  8. 一种虚拟机引导的配置装置，包括：
    配置模块，用于获取虚拟机引导的默认配置，所述默认配置包括至少一个引导项，遍历所述默认配置，选择与待引导的虚拟机相匹配的引导项，以使待引导的所述虚拟机的引导设备进行初始化，根据与待引导的所述虚拟机相匹配的引导项，更新所述默认配置中所述引导项的选择顺序，获取并保存引导配置；及
    引导模块，用于通过所述引导配置对待引导的所述虚拟机进行引导。
  9. 一种计算机设备，其特征在于，包括存储器及一个或多个处理器，所述存储器中储存有计算机可读指令，所述计算机可读指令被所述一个或多个处理器执行时，使得所述一个或多个处理器执行如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的虚拟机引导的配置方法的步骤。
  10. 一个或多个存储有计算机可读指令的非易失性计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机可读指令被一个或多个处理器执行时，使得所述一个或多个处理器执行如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的虚拟机引导的配置方法的步骤。
PCT/CN2022/089356 2021-11-16 2022-04-26 虚拟机引导的配置方法、装置、计算机设备和存储介质 WO2023087622A1 (zh)

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