WO2023087399A1 - Passive self-moving structural design method and low-temperature temperature-controlled switch - Google Patents

Passive self-moving structural design method and low-temperature temperature-controlled switch Download PDF

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WO2023087399A1
WO2023087399A1 PCT/CN2021/134743 CN2021134743W WO2023087399A1 WO 2023087399 A1 WO2023087399 A1 WO 2023087399A1 CN 2021134743 W CN2021134743 W CN 2021134743W WO 2023087399 A1 WO2023087399 A1 WO 2023087399A1
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component
temperature
conductor
self
motion
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PCT/CN2021/134743
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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沙淼
胡浩
李凯
王爱彬
邵晴
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中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
    • G06F2119/08—Thermal analysis or thermal optimisation

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  • the invention relates to the field of kinematic structures, in particular to a design method for passive kinematic structures.
  • the structure in very high temperature service, it usually involves the working condition that the temperature rises from normal temperature to high temperature or drops to low temperature. Since the structure is composed of various components, the linear expansion coefficients of different materials are different, and the normal temperature of the same component There is a large difference in deformation between the extreme temperature end and the very temperature end, which will cause a large relative displacement between the various components inside the structure.
  • the designer can design the structure at the service temperature and use it at the service temperature to ensure the smooth operation of the structure.
  • some service temperatures are much higher or lower than normal temperature, which not only requires extremely high equipment, but also causes a certain load on the health of production personnel. Therefore, designers often choose to design at room temperature and reserve deformation gaps to ensure that the structure can operate normally at the service temperature.
  • the designer can check the average linear expansion coefficient of the material used in the component in the service temperature range from the material linear expansion coefficient table, calculate the deformation amount and reserve the deformation distance for design, to ensure that the designed The structure can successfully realize the design function of the structure under the condition of very high temperature.
  • the temperature range is large, the linear expansion coefficient of the material has a large difference between the service temperature and the normal temperature. When the above method is used, a large error will occur, which will cause the structure to fail at the service temperature and affect the use.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for designing a passive motion structure, to accurately calculate the relative movement distance of internal components of the structure at service temperature, determine the reserved distance between components at normal temperature, and realize the structure in the The purpose of the design function is successfully realized in the very hot state.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a low temperature temperature control switch.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • a method for designing a passive structure wherein the passive structure is a structure formed by a first component and a second component, at least including the following steps:
  • Step 1 Determine the relative movement distance between the first component and the second component when the temperature changes from normal temperature to service temperature
  • ⁇ L is the self-movement distance of the first component at service temperature
  • ⁇ d is the self-movement distance of the second component at service temperature
  • c A is the specific heat capacity of the first component at service temperature
  • c A293 is the specific heat capacity of the first component at normal temperature
  • ⁇ A293 is the linear expansion coefficient of the first component at normal temperature
  • L 0 is the length of the first component along the self-motion direction at normal temperature
  • c B is the specific heat capacity of the second component at service temperature
  • c B293 is the specific heat capacity of the second component at normal temperature
  • ⁇ B293 is the linear expansion coefficient of the second component at normal temperature
  • d 0 is the length of the second component along the self-motion direction at normal temperature
  • T 0 is the service temperature
  • T normal temperature
  • Step 2 Determine the distance t 0 between the first component and the second component at normal temperature
  • t 0 is determined according to the relative positional relationship and the relative movement distance of the first component and the second component at service temperature.
  • Step 3 Determine production tolerances and fit tolerances according to the usage scenarios and cooperation relationships of the first component and the second component;
  • Step 4 Use 3D software for modeling
  • Step 5 According to the different functions and loading methods of the passive structure, use the finite element simulation analysis software to check the strength of each component.
  • Step 6 According to the analysis results in Step 5, optimize the structural parameters of each component and perform calculation and check again, and finally iterate to obtain the optimized structural model.
  • the normal temperature is 20°C.
  • the present invention also provides a low temperature temperature control switch, including:
  • the first conductor is provided with a first interface connected to an external circuit
  • the second conductor is provided with a second interface connected to an external circuit, the self-moving direction of the first conductor is the same as that of the second conductor, and the linear expansion coefficient of the first conductor is greater than that of the second conductor , the normal temperature distance between the first conductor and the second conductor in the direction of self-motion is D, and the external circuit is disconnected; the relative self-motion distance at service temperature
  • c m is the specific heat capacity of the first conductor at the service temperature
  • c m293 is the specific heat capacity of the first conductor at room temperature
  • ⁇ m293 is the linear expansion coefficient of the first conductor at room temperature
  • L m is the length of the first conductor along the direction of self-motion at room temperature
  • c v is the specific heat capacity of the second component at service temperature
  • c v293 is the specific heat capacity of the second component at normal temperature
  • ⁇ v293 is the linear expansion coefficient of the second component at room temperature
  • d v is the length of the second component along the self-motion direction at normal temperature
  • T a is the service temperature
  • T normal temperature
  • the first conductor further includes a moving part and a contact part, one end of the moving part is fixed, and the other end is connected to the contact part so as to drive the contact part to move during self-motion ;
  • the second conductor further includes:
  • the contact surface, the distance between the contact surface and the contact part at room temperature is D;
  • the through hole, the moving part passes through the through hole and has a distance from the periphery of the hole, and the diameter of the contact part is larger than the diameter of the through hole.
  • the design method of the passive motion structure provided by the present invention is different from the prior art in that the linear expansion coefficients of the first component and the second component at the service temperature are accurately calculated instead of the temperature range obtained by looking up the table
  • the average linear expansion coefficient in the interior can obtain the accurate relative movement distance, so as to ensure that after the space between the first component and the second component is reserved in the normal temperature state, the service temperature can meet the design requirements, and ensure that the self-moving structure can realize the design function smoothly .
  • Fig. 1 is the flowchart of the passive motion structure design method provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a diagram of the coordination relationship of the low temperature temperature control switch provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-temperature temperature control switch provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 100 is the first conductor
  • 110 is the first interface
  • 120 is the moving part
  • 130 is the contact part
  • 200 is the second conductor
  • 210 is the second interface
  • 220 is the fixed surface
  • 230 is the contact surface
  • 240 is the through hole .
  • the core of the present invention is to disclose a passive motion structure design method to accurately calculate the relative motion distance of internal components of the structure at service temperature and complete the structural design at normal temperature.
  • Another core of the present invention is to disclose a low temperature temperature control switch designed using the above design method.
  • the inventors conceived and provided a passive motion structure design method, by accurately calculating the relative movement distance of the internal components of the structure at the service temperature, and reserving the deformation distance for each component at normal temperature, to ensure the service life When the temperature is high, each component reaches the required coordination relationship and realizes the design function.
  • a passive motion structure design method by accurately calculating the relative movement distance of the internal components of the structure at the service temperature, and reserving the deformation distance for each component at normal temperature, to ensure the service life When the temperature is high, each component reaches the required coordination relationship and realizes the design function.
  • a passive motion structure design method disclosed by the present invention at least includes the following steps:
  • the passive structure is a structure formed by a first component and a second component
  • Step S01 Determine the relative movement distance between the first component and the second component when the temperature changes from normal temperature to service temperature
  • the same self-moving direction of the first component and the second component means that the fixed ends of the first component and the second component are on the same side, and the moving ends move toward the fixed ends at the same time.
  • the opposite self-moving direction of the first component and the second component means that the fixed ends of the first component and the second component are on different sides, and the moving ends move relative to each other at the same time.
  • ⁇ L is the self-movement distance of the first component at service temperature
  • ⁇ d is the self-movement distance of the second component at service temperature
  • c A is the specific heat capacity of the first component at service temperature
  • c A293 is the specific heat capacity of the first component at normal temperature
  • ⁇ A293 is the linear expansion coefficient of the first component at normal temperature
  • L 0 is the length of the first component along the self-motion direction at normal temperature
  • c B is the specific heat capacity of the second component at service temperature
  • c B293 is the specific heat capacity of the second component at normal temperature
  • ⁇ B293 is the linear expansion coefficient of the second component at normal temperature
  • d 0 is the length of the second component along the self-motion direction at normal temperature
  • T 0 is the service temperature
  • T normal temperature
  • the service temperature T 0 , the length L 0 of the first component along the self-motion direction at normal temperature and the length of the second component along the self-motion direction at normal temperature can be determined according to the use scene of the self-moving structure and the internal relationship of the structure. length d 0 .
  • the coefficient of linear expansion ⁇ A293 of the first component and the coefficient of linear expansion c B293 of the second component at normal temperature can be found from the table of linear expansion coefficients of materials, or can be obtained from the push rod indirect method, direct reading by telescope measured by laser or laser measurement.
  • the specific heat capacity of the material at any temperature can be obtained.
  • c A , c B , c A293 and c B293 are calculated by Debye's law, and the normal temperature T is defined as 20°C. Then the relative movement distances t 1 and t 2 of the first component and the second component can be calculated.
  • Step S02 Determine the distance t 0 between the first component and the second component at normal temperature
  • t 0 is determined according to the relative positional relationship and the relative movement distance of the first component and the second component at service temperature.
  • the specific heat capacity and expansion coefficient of the materials are obtained by determining the materials of the first component and the second component, so as to determine the relative movement distance t1 and t 2
  • ⁇ A is the coefficient of linear expansion of the first component at service temperature
  • ⁇ B is the linear expansion coefficient of the second component at service temperature
  • the linear expansion ⁇ A293 , ⁇ B293 select the corresponding material according to the material expansion coefficient table to complete the design.
  • the structure design method without source of motion provided by the present invention is different from the prior art in that the linear expansion coefficients of the first component and the second component are accurately calculated at the service temperature instead of looking up the table to obtain the average linear expansion coefficient in the temperature range, thereby Accurate relative motion distance is obtained to ensure that after the space between the first component and the second component is reserved in the normal temperature state, the service temperature can meet the design requirements and ensure the smooth realization of the design function of the passive motion structure.
  • the passive motion structure design method disclosed in this embodiment also includes:
  • Step S03 Determine the production tolerance and fit tolerance according to the usage scenarios and the fit relationship of the first component and the second component;
  • Step S04 modeling using 3D software
  • Step S05 According to the different functions and loading methods of the passive structure, use the finite element simulation analysis software to check the strength of each component.
  • the passive motion structure design method disclosed in this embodiment also includes:
  • Step S06 According to the analysis results in step S05, optimize the structural parameters of each component and perform calculation and verification again, and finally iterate to obtain the optimized structural model.
  • step S05 when the analysis result in step S05 does not meet the operating requirements of the operating conditions, the topology optimization method is used to optimize the model, and steps S05 and S06 are repeated until the analysis result is qualified.
  • the normal temperature state is the normal temperature standard in the field of engineering design, generally 20°C.
  • the present invention also discloses a low-temperature temperature control switch designed using the above passive motion structure design method, including:
  • the first conductor 100 is provided with a first interface 110 connected to an external circuit
  • the second conductor 200 is provided with a second interface 210 connected to an external circuit, the self-motion direction of the first conductor 100 and the second conductor 200 are the same, and the coefficient of linear expansion of the first conductor 100 is greater than that of the second conductor 200 , that is, in the case of the same temperature change, the deformation distance of the first conductor 100 is greater than that of the second conductor 200; the distance between the first conductor 100 and the second conductor 200 in the self-moving direction is D at normal temperature, and the external circuit is disconnected at normal temperature Open, the relative self-movement distance produced by T a at the service temperature
  • c m is the specific heat capacity of the first conductor at the service temperature
  • c m293 is the specific heat capacity of the first conductor at room temperature
  • ⁇ m293 is the linear expansion coefficient of the first conductor at room temperature
  • L m is the length of the first conductor along the direction of self-motion at room temperature
  • c v is the specific heat capacity of the second component at service temperature
  • c v293 is the specific heat capacity of the second component at normal temperature
  • ⁇ v293 is the linear expansion coefficient of the second component at room temperature
  • d v is the length of the second component along the self-motion direction at normal temperature
  • T a is the service temperature
  • T normal temperature
  • the first conductor 100 disclosed in this embodiment also includes a moving part 120 and a contact part 130.
  • the moving part 120 is a structural component that undergoes self-movement due to temperature changes in the first conductor 100. One end is fixed and restrained, and the other One end is connected to the contact part 130 so as to generate self-motion and drive the contact part 130 to move when the temperature changes.
  • the contact part 130 contacts the second conductor 200 the low temperature temperature control switch is closed and the circuit is open.
  • the second conductor 200 disclosed in this embodiment further includes:
  • the fixed surface 220, the fixed surface 220 is the side of the second conductor 200 facing away from the contact portion 130 on the first conductor 100, which is fixedly arranged so that the second conductor 200 is displaced away from this surface when self-motion occurs due to temperature changes;
  • the contact surface 230 is the surface on which the second conductor 200 displaces when the temperature changes and the self-motion occurs.
  • the contact surface 230 is close to the contact part 130 and the distance from the contact part 130 is D.
  • the moving part 120 on the first conductor 100 passes through the through hole 240 of the second conductor 200, and does not contact the periphery of the through hole 240 when the temperature changes from normal temperature to service temperature,
  • the diameter of the contact portion 130 at one end of the moving portion 120 is larger than the diameter of the through hole 240 , so that the contact portion 130 does not pass through the through hole 240 of the second conductor 200 when the contraction self-motion occurs, but contacts the contact surface 230 .
  • the difference between the service temperature and the normal temperature is inversely proportional to the difference between the linear expansion coefficients of the selected conductor materials

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Abstract

A passive self-moving structural design method. The method comprises the steps: determining the relative movement distance between a first assembly and a second assembly when a temperature changes from a normal temperature to a service temperature (S01), wherein when the temperature changes from the normal temperature to the service temperature, the relative movement distance between the first assembly and the second assembly in a passive self-moving structure during movement in the same direction is calculated, and the relative movement distance therebetween during movement in opposite directions is calculated; and determining the spacing between the first assembly and the second assembly in a normal temperature state (S02), wherein during movement in the same direction, the spacing is determined according to the relative position relationship between the first assembly and the second assembly, and during movement in the opposite directions, the spacing is determined according to the relative position relationship between the first assembly and the second assembly. By means of the passive self-moving structural design method, the relative movement distance between a first assembly and a second assembly at a service temperature is precisely calculated, so as to determine a preset spacing at a normal temperature, thereby completing a design. Provided is a low-temperature temperature-controlled switch.

Description

一种无源自运动结构设计方法及低温温控开关A passive motion structure design method and low temperature temperature control switch
本申请要求以下中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。申请号：202111400104.8，申请日：2021年11月19日，发明创造名称：一种无源自运动结构设计方法及低温温控开关。This application claims priority from the following Chinese patent applications, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference into this application. Application number: 202111400104.8, application date: November 19, 2021, name of invention: a design method of a non-derived motion structure and a low-temperature temperature control switch.
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及运动结构领域，尤其涉及一种无源自运动结构设计方法。The invention relates to the field of kinematic structures, in particular to a design method for passive kinematic structures.
背景技术Background technique
在非常温服役结构的设计中，通常会涉及到温度从常温升至高温或降至低温的工况，由于结构内部由多种部件组成，不同材料的线膨胀系数不同，加之同种部件的常温端与非常温端的变形存在较大差异，会使得结构内部的各个部件间产生较大的相对位移。In the design of the structure in very high temperature service, it usually involves the working condition that the temperature rises from normal temperature to high temperature or drops to low temperature. Since the structure is composed of various components, the linear expansion coefficients of different materials are different, and the normal temperature of the same component There is a large difference in deformation between the extreme temperature end and the very temperature end, which will cause a large relative displacement between the various components inside the structure.
设计者可以在服役温度下对结构进行设计，并在服役温度进行使用，以保证结构的顺利运行。但部分服役温度的服役温度远高于或低于常温，不仅对设备要求极高，也对生产人员的健康造成一定负荷。因此，设计者常选择采用在常温进行设计并预留形变间隙的方法保证结构在服役温度可以正常运行。The designer can design the structure at the service temperature and use it at the service temperature to ensure the smooth operation of the structure. However, some service temperatures are much higher or lower than normal temperature, which not only requires extremely high equipment, but also causes a certain load on the health of production personnel. Therefore, designers often choose to design at room temperature and reserve deformation gaps to ensure that the structure can operate normally at the service temperature.
通常，在温度变化范围较小时，设计者可以从材料线膨胀系数表中查得组件使用的材料在服役温度范围内的平均线膨胀系数，计算形变量并预留形变距离进行设计，保证所设计的结构在非常温状态下顺利实现结构的设计功能。但在温度变化范围较大时，材料线膨胀系数在服役温度时与常温差值较大，实用上述方法时会产生较大误差，导致结构在服役温度时失效，影响使用。Usually, when the temperature range is small, the designer can check the average linear expansion coefficient of the material used in the component in the service temperature range from the material linear expansion coefficient table, calculate the deformation amount and reserve the deformation distance for design, to ensure that the designed The structure can successfully realize the design function of the structure under the condition of very high temperature. However, when the temperature range is large, the linear expansion coefficient of the material has a large difference between the service temperature and the normal temperature. When the above method is used, a large error will occur, which will cause the structure to fail at the service temperature and affect the use.
因此，如何精确计算服役温度下结构内部组件的相对运动距离，以确保常温状态预留距离后，结构在非常温状态可以顺利实现设计功能，是本领域技术人员亟需解决的技术问题。Therefore, how to accurately calculate the relative movement distance of the internal components of the structure at the service temperature to ensure that the structure can smoothly realize the design function in the abnormal temperature state after the reserved distance in the normal temperature state is a technical problem urgently needed to be solved by those skilled in the art.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种无源自运动结构设计方法，以精确计算服役温度下结构内部组件的相对运动距离，确定常温状态下各组件之间的预留距离，实现结构在非常温状态顺利实现设计功能的目的。In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for designing a passive motion structure, to accurately calculate the relative movement distance of internal components of the structure at service temperature, determine the reserved distance between components at normal temperature, and realize the structure in the The purpose of the design function is successfully realized in the very hot state.
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种低温温控开关。Another object of the present invention is to provide a low temperature temperature control switch.
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
一种无源自运动结构设计方法，所述无源自运动结构为由第一组件和第二组件形成的结构，至少包括以下步骤：A method for designing a passive structure, wherein the passive structure is a structure formed by a first component and a second component, at least including the following steps:
步骤一：确定第一组件与第二组件在温度由常温变化为服役温度时的相对运动距离；Step 1: Determine the relative movement distance between the first component and the second component when the temperature changes from normal temperature to service temperature;
其中，若第一组件与第二组件自运动方向相同，则第一组件和第二组件的相对运动距离
Figure PCTCN2021134743-appb-000001
Among them, if the self-motion direction of the first component and the second component is the same, the relative movement distance of the first component and the second component
Figure PCTCN2021134743-appb-000001
若第一组件与第二组件自运动方向相反，则第一组件和第二组件的相对运动距离
Figure PCTCN2021134743-appb-000002
If the self-movement direction of the first component and the second component is opposite, the relative movement distance of the first component and the second component
Figure PCTCN2021134743-appb-000002
其中：in:
ΔL为第一组件在服役温度时的自运动距离；ΔL is the self-movement distance of the first component at service temperature;
Δd为第二组件在服役温度时的自运动距离；Δd is the self-movement distance of the second component at service temperature;
c A为服役温度下第一组件的比热容； c A is the specific heat capacity of the first component at service temperature;
c A293为常温下第一组件的比热容； c A293 is the specific heat capacity of the first component at normal temperature;
δ A293为常温状态下第一组件的线膨胀系数； δ A293 is the linear expansion coefficient of the first component at normal temperature;
L 0为第一组件在常温状态时沿自运动方向的长度； L 0 is the length of the first component along the self-motion direction at normal temperature;
c B为服役温度下第二组件的比热容； c B is the specific heat capacity of the second component at service temperature;
c B293为常温下第二组件的比热容； c B293 is the specific heat capacity of the second component at normal temperature;
δ B293为常温状态下第二组件的线膨胀系数； δ B293 is the linear expansion coefficient of the second component at normal temperature;
d 0为第二组件在常温状态时沿自运动方向的长度； d 0 is the length of the second component along the self-motion direction at normal temperature;
T 0为服役温度； T 0 is the service temperature;
T为常温温度；T is normal temperature;
步骤二：确定第一组件与第二组件在常温状态下的间距t 0； Step 2: Determine the distance t 0 between the first component and the second component at normal temperature;
若第一组件和第二组件的自运动方向相同，则根据第一组件和第二组件在服役温度时的相对位置关系以及相对运动距离，确定t 0； If the self-motion directions of the first component and the second component are the same, determine t 0 according to the relative positional relationship and relative movement distance of the first component and the second component at service temperature;
若第一组件和第二组件的自运动方向相反，则根据第一组件和第二组件在服役温度时的相对位置关系以及相对运动距离，确定t 0。 If the self-movement directions of the first component and the second component are opposite, t 0 is determined according to the relative positional relationship and the relative movement distance of the first component and the second component at service temperature.
优选地，在上述无源自运动结构设计方法中，在第一组件和第二组件的自运动方向相同时，Preferably, in the above-mentioned passive motion structure design method, when the self-motion directions of the first component and the second component are the same,
若第一组件和第二组件在服役温度时的相对位置关系为接触，则t 0＝t 1； If the relative positional relationship between the first component and the second component is contact at service temperature, then t 0 =t 1 ;
若第一组件和第二组件在服役温度时的相对位置关系为具有大于0的间距，则t 0＞t 1； If the relative positional relationship between the first component and the second component at the service temperature has a distance greater than 0, then t 0 >t 1 ;
若第一组件和第二组件在服役温度时的相对位置关系为压紧，则t 0＜t 2。 If the relative positional relationship between the first assembly and the second assembly at the service temperature is compression, then t 0 <t 2 .
优选地，在上述无源自运动结构设计方法中，在第一组件和第二组件的自运动方相反时，Preferably, in the above-mentioned non-self-motion structure design method, when the self-motion directions of the first component and the second component are opposite,
若第一组件和第二组件在服役温度时的相对位置关系为接触，则t 0＝t 2； If the relative position relationship between the first component and the second component is contact at service temperature, then t 0 =t 2 ;
若第一组件和第二组件在服役温度时的相对位置关系为具有大于0的间距，则t 0＞t 2； If the relative positional relationship between the first component and the second component at the service temperature has a distance greater than 0, then t 0 >t 2 ;
若第一组件和第二组件在服役温度时的相对位置关系为压紧，则t 0＜t 2。 If the relative positional relationship between the first assembly and the second assembly at the service temperature is compression, then t 0 <t 2 .
优选地，在上述无源自运动结构设计方法中，还包括以下步骤：Preferably, in the above-mentioned passive structure design method, the following steps are also included:
步骤三：根据第一组件和第二组件的使用场景及配合关系确定生产公差及配合公差；Step 3: Determine production tolerances and fit tolerances according to the usage scenarios and cooperation relationships of the first component and the second component;
步骤四：使用三维软件进行建模；Step 4: Use 3D software for modeling;
步骤五：针对无源自运动结构的不同功能及加载方式，使用有限元仿真分析软件，对各组件的强度进行校核。Step 5: According to the different functions and loading methods of the passive structure, use the finite element simulation analysis software to check the strength of each component.
优选地，在上述无源自运动结构设计方法中，还包括以下步骤：Preferably, in the above-mentioned passive structure design method, the following steps are also included:
步骤六：根据步骤五中的分析结果，优化各部件的结构参数再次进行计算校核，最终迭代出优化后的结构模型。Step 6: According to the analysis results in Step 5, optimize the structural parameters of each component and perform calculation and check again, and finally iterate to obtain the optimized structural model.
优选地，在上述无源自运动结构设计方法中，所述常温为20℃。Preferably, in the above-mentioned method for designing a non-derived motion structure, the normal temperature is 20°C.
本发明还提供了一种低温温控开关，包括：The present invention also provides a low temperature temperature control switch, including:
第一导体，设有与外接电路连接的第一接口；The first conductor is provided with a first interface connected to an external circuit;
第二导体，设有与外接电路连接的第二接口，所述第一导体与所述第二导体自运动方向相同且所述第一导体的线膨胀系数大于所述第二导体的线膨胀系数，所述第一导体与所述第二导体在自运动方向上常温间距为D，外接电路断开；在服役温度时相对自运动距离The second conductor is provided with a second interface connected to an external circuit, the self-moving direction of the first conductor is the same as that of the second conductor, and the linear expansion coefficient of the first conductor is greater than that of the second conductor , the normal temperature distance between the first conductor and the second conductor in the direction of self-motion is D, and the external circuit is disconnected; the relative self-motion distance at service temperature
Figure PCTCN2021134743-appb-000003
t 3＝D，外接电路通路；
Figure PCTCN2021134743-appb-000003
t 3 =D, external circuit path;
其中：in:
c m为服役温度下第一导体的比热容； c m is the specific heat capacity of the first conductor at the service temperature;
c m293为常温下第一导体的比热容； c m293 is the specific heat capacity of the first conductor at room temperature;
δ m293为常温状态下第一导体的线膨胀系数； δ m293 is the linear expansion coefficient of the first conductor at room temperature;
L m为第一导体在常温状态时沿自运动方向的长度； L m is the length of the first conductor along the direction of self-motion at room temperature;
c v为服役温度下第二组件的比热容； c v is the specific heat capacity of the second component at service temperature;
c v293为常温下第二组件的比热容； c v293 is the specific heat capacity of the second component at normal temperature;
δ v293为常温状态下第二组件的线膨胀系数； δ v293 is the linear expansion coefficient of the second component at room temperature;
d v为第二组件在常温状态时沿自运动方向的长度； d v is the length of the second component along the self-motion direction at normal temperature;
T a为服役温度； T a is the service temperature;
T为常温温度。T is normal temperature.
优选地，在上述低温温控开关中，所述第一导体还包括运动部和接触部，所述运动部一端固定，另一端与所述接触部连接以在自运动时带动所述接触部移动；Preferably, in the above-mentioned low-temperature temperature control switch, the first conductor further includes a moving part and a contact part, one end of the moving part is fixed, and the other end is connected to the contact part so as to drive the contact part to move during self-motion ;
优选地，在上述低温温控开关中，所述第二导体还包括：Preferably, in the above low temperature temperature control switch, the second conductor further includes:
固定面，固定设置，使得所述第二导体不沿此面运动；a fixed surface, fixedly arranged so that the second conductor does not move along this surface;
接触面，所述接触面与所述接触部在常温时间距为D；The contact surface, the distance between the contact surface and the contact part at room temperature is D;
穿过孔，所述运动部穿过所述穿过孔且与孔周边有间距，所述接触部的直径大于所述穿过孔的直径。The through hole, the moving part passes through the through hole and has a distance from the periphery of the hole, and the diameter of the contact part is larger than the diameter of the through hole.
优选地，在上述低温温控开关中，当D为定值时，T a与T的差值越小，所选导体材料的线膨胀系数差值越大。 Preferably, in the above-mentioned low-temperature temperature control switch, when D is a constant value, the smaller the difference between T a and T, the larger the difference in linear expansion coefficient of the selected conductor material.
从上述技术方案可以看出，本发明提供的无源自运动结构设计方法，与现有技术的区别在于精确计算服役温度下第一组件和第二组件的线膨胀系数而非查表获得温度范围内的平均线膨胀系数，从而得到准确的相对运动距离，以保证在常温状态设计预留第一组件和第二组件的间距后，在服役温度可以达到设计需求，保证自运动结构顺利实现设计功能。It can be seen from the above technical solutions that the design method of the passive motion structure provided by the present invention is different from the prior art in that the linear expansion coefficients of the first component and the second component at the service temperature are accurately calculated instead of the temperature range obtained by looking up the table The average linear expansion coefficient in the interior can obtain the accurate relative movement distance, so as to ensure that after the space between the first component and the second component is reserved in the normal temperature state, the service temperature can meet the design requirements, and ensure that the self-moving structure can realize the design function smoothly .
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例提供的无源自运动结构设计方法流程图；Fig. 1 is the flowchart of the passive motion structure design method provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例提供低温温控开关配合关系图；Fig. 2 is a diagram of the coordination relationship of the low temperature temperature control switch provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例提供低温温控开关结构示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-temperature temperature control switch provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
其中100为第一导体，110为第一接口，120为运动部，130为接触部，200为第二导体，210为第二接口，220为固定面，230为接触面，240为穿过孔。100 is the first conductor, 110 is the first interface, 120 is the moving part, 130 is the contact part, 200 is the second conductor, 210 is the second interface, 220 is the fixed surface, 230 is the contact surface, 240 is the through hole .
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明的核心在于公开一种无源自运动结构设计方法，以精确计算服役温度下结构内部组件的相对运动距离，完成常温状态下的结构设计。The core of the present invention is to disclose a passive motion structure design method to accurately calculate the relative motion distance of internal components of the structure at service temperature and complete the structural design at normal temperature.
本发明的另一核心在于公开一种使用上述设计方法进行设计的低温温控开关。Another core of the present invention is to disclose a low temperature temperature control switch designed using the above design method.
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案，下面参照附图对本发明实施例进行说明。此外，下面所示的实施例不对权利要求所记载的发明内容起任何限定作用。另外，下面实施例所表示的构成的全部内容不限于作为权利要求所记载的发明的解决方案所必需的。In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solutions of the present invention, the embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, the examples shown below do not limit the content of the invention described in the claims in any way. In addition, all the contents of the configurations shown in the following embodiments are not limited to be essential to the solution of the invention described in the claims.
在现有的在非常温服役结构的设计中，设计者常选择采用在常温状态进行设计并预留形变间隙的方法保证结构在服役温度可以正常运行，通常，在温度变化范围较小时，设计者从材料线膨胀系数表中查得组件在服役温度范围内的 平均线膨胀系数，计算形变量并预留形变距离进行设计，保证所设计的结构在非常温状态下顺利实现结构的设计功能。但在温度变化范围较大时，材料线膨胀系数在服役温度时与常温差值较大，实用上述方法时会产生较大误差，导致结构在服役温度时失效，影响使用。In the existing design of structures serving at very high temperatures, designers often choose to design at room temperature and reserve deformation gaps to ensure that the structure can operate normally at service temperatures. Usually, when the temperature range is small, the designer The average linear expansion coefficient of the components within the service temperature range is found from the material linear expansion coefficient table, the deformation amount is calculated and the deformation distance is reserved for design, so as to ensure that the designed structure can smoothly realize the structural design function in the abnormal temperature state. However, when the temperature range is large, the linear expansion coefficient of the material has a large difference between the service temperature and the normal temperature. When the above method is used, a large error will occur, which will cause the structure to fail at the service temperature and affect the use.
为了克服上述问题，发明人经过构思，提供了一种无源自运动结构设计方法，通过精确计算服役温度下结构内部组件的相对运动距离，并在常温状态对各组件预留形变距离，保证服役温度时各组件达到需要的配合关系，实现设计功能。具体细节，请见下文具体实施的方式。In order to overcome the above problems, the inventors conceived and provided a passive motion structure design method, by accurately calculating the relative movement distance of the internal components of the structure at the service temperature, and reserving the deformation distance for each component at normal temperature, to ensure the service life When the temperature is high, each component reaches the required coordination relationship and realizes the design function. For details, please refer to the specific implementation method below.
本发明公开的一种无源自运动结构设计方法，至少包括以下步骤：A passive motion structure design method disclosed by the present invention at least includes the following steps:
需要说明的是，该无源自运动结构为由第一组件和第二组件形成的结构；It should be noted that the passive structure is a structure formed by a first component and a second component;
步骤S01：确定第一组件与第二组件在温度由常温变化为服役温度时的相对运动距离；Step S01: Determine the relative movement distance between the first component and the second component when the temperature changes from normal temperature to service temperature;
其中，若第一组件与第二组件自运动方向相同，则第一组件和第二组件的相对运动距离
Figure PCTCN2021134743-appb-000004
Among them, if the self-motion direction of the first component and the second component is the same, the relative movement distance of the first component and the second component
Figure PCTCN2021134743-appb-000004
需要说明的是，第一组件与第二组件自运动方向相同指第一组件与第二组件的固定端在同一侧，运动端同时朝向固定端运动。It should be noted that the same self-moving direction of the first component and the second component means that the fixed ends of the first component and the second component are on the same side, and the moving ends move toward the fixed ends at the same time.
若第一组件与第二组件自运动方向相反，则第一组件和第二组件的相对运动距离
Figure PCTCN2021134743-appb-000005
If the self-movement direction of the first component and the second component is opposite, the relative movement distance of the first component and the second component
Figure PCTCN2021134743-appb-000005
需要说明的是，第一组件与第二组件自运动方向相反指第一组件与第二组件的固定端在不同侧，运动端同时相对运动。It should be noted that the opposite self-moving direction of the first component and the second component means that the fixed ends of the first component and the second component are on different sides, and the moving ends move relative to each other at the same time.
其中：in:
ΔL为第一组件在服役温度时的自运动距离；ΔL is the self-movement distance of the first component at service temperature;
Δd为第二组件在服役温度时的自运动距离；Δd is the self-movement distance of the second component at service temperature;
c A为服役温度下第一组件的比热容； c A is the specific heat capacity of the first component at service temperature;
c A293为常温下第一组件的比热容； c A293 is the specific heat capacity of the first component at normal temperature;
δ A293为常温状态下第一组件的线膨胀系数； δ A293 is the linear expansion coefficient of the first component at normal temperature;
L 0为第一组件在常温状态时沿自运动方向的长度； L 0 is the length of the first component along the self-motion direction at normal temperature;
c B为服役温度下第二组件的比热容； c B is the specific heat capacity of the second component at service temperature;
c B293为常温下第二组件的比热容； c B293 is the specific heat capacity of the second component at normal temperature;
δ B293为常温状态下第二组件的线膨胀系数； δ B293 is the linear expansion coefficient of the second component at normal temperature;
d 0为第二组件在常温状态时沿自运动方向的长度； d 0 is the length of the second component along the self-motion direction at normal temperature;
T 0为服役温度； T 0 is the service temperature;
T为常温温度；T is normal temperature;
需要说明的是，根据自运动结构的使用场景及结构内部关系可确定服役温度T 0、第一组件在常温状态时沿自运动方向的长度L 0及第二组件在常温状态时沿自运动方向的长度d 0。 It should be noted that the service temperature T 0 , the length L 0 of the first component along the self-motion direction at normal temperature and the length of the second component along the self-motion direction at normal temperature can be determined according to the use scene of the self-moving structure and the internal relationship of the structure. length d 0 .
需要进一步说明的是，常温状态下第一组件的线膨胀系数δ A293及第二组件的线膨胀系数c B293可以根据材料线膨胀系数表查得，也可以根据顶杆式间接法、望远镜直读法或激光测量法测量获得。 It needs to be further explained that the coefficient of linear expansion δ A293 of the first component and the coefficient of linear expansion c B293 of the second component at normal temperature can be found from the table of linear expansion coefficients of materials, or can be obtained from the push rod indirect method, direct reading by telescope measured by laser or laser measurement.
根据德拜定律可以得到材料在任意温度下的比热容，在确定自运动结构的服役温度T 0后，通过德拜定律计算c A、c B、c A293及c B293，定义常温T为20℃，即可计算出第一组件和第二组件的相对运动距离t 1及t 2。 According to Debye's law, the specific heat capacity of the material at any temperature can be obtained. After determining the service temperature T 0 of the self-moving structure, c A , c B , c A293 and c B293 are calculated by Debye's law, and the normal temperature T is defined as 20°C. Then the relative movement distances t 1 and t 2 of the first component and the second component can be calculated.
步骤S02：确定第一组件与第二组件在常温状态下的间距t 0； Step S02: Determine the distance t 0 between the first component and the second component at normal temperature;
若第一组件和第二组件的自运动方向相同，则根据第一组件和第二组件在服役温度时的相对位置关系以及相对运动距离，确定t 0； If the self-motion directions of the first component and the second component are the same, determine t 0 according to the relative positional relationship and relative movement distance of the first component and the second component at service temperature;
若第一组件和第二组件的自运动方向相反，则根据第一组件和第二组件在服役温度时的相对位置关系以及相对运动距离，确定t 0。 If the self-movement directions of the first component and the second component are opposite, t 0 is determined according to the relative positional relationship and the relative movement distance of the first component and the second component at service temperature.
需要说明的是，在上述实施例中通过确定第一组件和第二组件的材料以获得材料的比热容和膨胀系数，从而确定第一组件和第二组件在服役温度下的相对运动距离t 1及t 2，在发明提供的另一实施例中，也可以通过确定t 0来计算第一组件和第二组件的在服役温度时的线膨胀系数，从而对第一组件和第二组件的材料进行选择以完成设计。 It should be noted that in the above embodiments, the specific heat capacity and expansion coefficient of the materials are obtained by determining the materials of the first component and the second component, so as to determine the relative movement distance t1 and t 2 , in another embodiment provided by the invention, it is also possible to calculate the linear expansion coefficients of the first component and the second component at the service temperature by determining t 0 , so that the materials of the first component and the second component can be Select to complete the design.
需要进一步说明的是，可使用以下方计算第一组件在服役温度时的自运动距离ΔL＝δ A·L 0·(T 0-T)，同样可计算第二组件在服役温度时的自运动距离Δd＝δ B·d 0·(T 0-T)，其中： It should be further explained that the following formula can be used to calculate the self-motion distance of the first component at the service temperature ΔL=δ A ·L 0 ·(T 0 -T), and the self-motion of the second component at the service temperature can also be calculated Distance Δd=δ B ·d 0 ·(T 0 -T), where:
δ A为第一组件在服役温度时的线膨胀系数； δ A is the coefficient of linear expansion of the first component at service temperature;
δ B为第二组件在服役温度时的线膨胀系数； δ B is the linear expansion coefficient of the second component at service temperature;
通过以上计算可以确定δ A及δ B的值，因δ A＝δ A293·c A/c A293及δ B＝δ B293·c B/c B293，可以得出常温下第一组件和第二组件的线膨胀δ A293、δ B293，根据材料膨胀系数表选择对应材料完成设计。 Through the above calculations, the values of δ A and δ B can be determined, because δ A = δ A293 · c A /c A293 and δ B = δ B293 · c B /c B293 , the first component and the second component can be obtained at room temperature The linear expansion δ A293 , δ B293 , select the corresponding material according to the material expansion coefficient table to complete the design.
本发明提供的无源自运动结构设计方法，与现有技术的区别在于精确计算服役温度下第一组件和第二组件的线膨胀系数而非查表获得温度范围内的平均线膨胀系数，从而得到准确的相对运动距离，以保证在常温状态设计预留第一组件和第二组件的间距后，在服役温度可以达到设计需求，保证无源自运动结构顺利实现设计功能。The structure design method without source of motion provided by the present invention is different from the prior art in that the linear expansion coefficients of the first component and the second component are accurately calculated at the service temperature instead of looking up the table to obtain the average linear expansion coefficient in the temperature range, thereby Accurate relative motion distance is obtained to ensure that after the space between the first component and the second component is reserved in the normal temperature state, the service temperature can meet the design requirements and ensure the smooth realization of the design function of the passive motion structure.
进一步地，在上述无源自运动结构设计方法中，在第一组件和第二组件的自运动方向相同时，Further, in the above-mentioned passive motion structure design method, when the self-motion directions of the first component and the second component are the same,
若第一组件和第二组件在服役温度时的相对位置关系为接触，则t 0＝t 1； If the relative positional relationship between the first component and the second component is contact at service temperature, then t 0 =t 1 ;
若第一组件和第二组件在服役温度时的相对位置关系为具有大于0的间距，则t 0＞t 1，间距为t 0-t 1； If the relative positional relationship between the first component and the second component at the service temperature is a distance greater than 0, then t 0 >t 1 , and the distance is t 0 -t 1 ;
若第一组件和第二组件在服役温度时的相对位置关系为压紧，则t 0＜t 2。 If the relative positional relationship between the first assembly and the second assembly at the service temperature is compression, then t 0 <t 2 .
进一步地，在上述无源自运动结构设计方法中，在第一组件和第二组件的自运动方向相反时，Further, in the above-mentioned passive motion structure design method, when the self-motion directions of the first component and the second component are opposite,
若第一组件和第二组件在服役温度时的相对位置关系为接触，则t 0＝t 2； If the relative position relationship between the first component and the second component is contact at service temperature, then t 0 =t 2 ;
若第一组件和第二组件在服役温度时的相对位置关系为具有大于0的间距，则t 0＞t 2，间距为t 0-t 2； If the relative positional relationship between the first component and the second component at service temperature is a distance greater than 0, then t 0 >t 2 , and the distance is t 0 -t 2 ;
若第一组件和第二组件在服役温度时的相对位置关系为压紧，则t 0＜t 2。 If the relative positional relationship between the first assembly and the second assembly at the service temperature is compression, then t 0 <t 2 .
为了进一步优化上述方案，本实施例公开的无源自运动结构设计方法还包括：In order to further optimize the above scheme, the passive motion structure design method disclosed in this embodiment also includes:
步骤S03：根据第一组件和第二组件的使用场景及配合关系确定生产公差及配合公差；Step S03: Determine the production tolerance and fit tolerance according to the usage scenarios and the fit relationship of the first component and the second component;
步骤S04：使用三维软件进行建模；Step S04: modeling using 3D software;
步骤S05：针对无源自运动结构的不同功能及加载方式，使用有限元仿真分析软件，对各组件的强度进行校核。Step S05: According to the different functions and loading methods of the passive structure, use the finite element simulation analysis software to check the strength of each component.
需要说明的是，由于生产设备存在一定的绝对误差，且不同结构中内部所需的配合关系不同，因此需要对所涉及的无源自运动结构进行公差分析，限定各个组件的公差带以确保结构在服役温度时实现设计功能。It should be noted that due to the existence of certain absolute errors in production equipment and the different internal matching relationships required in different structures, it is necessary to perform tolerance analysis on the passive motion structures involved, and limit the tolerance zone of each component to ensure that the structure Realize the design function at the service temperature.
为了进一步优化上述方案，本实施例公开的无源自运动结构设计方法还包括：In order to further optimize the above scheme, the passive motion structure design method disclosed in this embodiment also includes:
步骤S06：根据步骤S05中的分析结果，优化各部件的结构参数再次进行计算校核，最终迭代出优化后的结构模型。Step S06: According to the analysis results in step S05, optimize the structural parameters of each component and perform calculation and verification again, and finally iterate to obtain the optimized structural model.
需要说明的是，当步骤S05中的分析结果不符合工况运行需求时，使用拓扑优化的方法优化模型，再次重复步骤S05及步骤S06直至分析结果合格。It should be noted that, when the analysis result in step S05 does not meet the operating requirements of the operating conditions, the topology optimization method is used to optimize the model, and steps S05 and S06 are repeated until the analysis result is qualified.
进一步地，在上述无源自运动结构设计方法中，常温状态为工程设计领域中常温标准，一般为20℃。Further, in the above-mentioned method of designing a structure without self-sustaining motion, the normal temperature state is the normal temperature standard in the field of engineering design, generally 20°C.
如图2和图3所示，本发明还公开了一种使用上述无源自运动结构设计方法进行设计的低温温控开关，包括：As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, the present invention also discloses a low-temperature temperature control switch designed using the above passive motion structure design method, including:
第一导体100，设有与外接电路连接的第一接口110；The first conductor 100 is provided with a first interface 110 connected to an external circuit;
第二导体200，设有与外接电路连接的第二接口210，第一导体100与第二导体200的自运动方向相同，且第一导体100的线膨胀系数大于第二导体200的线膨胀系数，即在温度变化相同的情况下，第一导体100的形变距离大于第二导体200的形变距离；第一导体100与第二导体200在自运动方向上常温间距为D，常温时外接电路断开，在服役温度时T a产生的相对自运动距离 The second conductor 200 is provided with a second interface 210 connected to an external circuit, the self-motion direction of the first conductor 100 and the second conductor 200 are the same, and the coefficient of linear expansion of the first conductor 100 is greater than that of the second conductor 200 , that is, in the case of the same temperature change, the deformation distance of the first conductor 100 is greater than that of the second conductor 200; the distance between the first conductor 100 and the second conductor 200 in the self-moving direction is D at normal temperature, and the external circuit is disconnected at normal temperature Open, the relative self-movement distance produced by T a at the service temperature
Figure PCTCN2021134743-appb-000006
根据上述设计方法，使D＝t 3，即在服役温度时第一导体100与第二导体200接触，外接电路通路。
Figure PCTCN2021134743-appb-000006
According to the above design method, let D=t 3 , that is, the first conductor 100 is in contact with the second conductor 200 at the service temperature, and an external circuit path is connected.
其中：in:
c m为服役温度下第一导体的比热容； c m is the specific heat capacity of the first conductor at the service temperature;
c m293为常温下第一导体的比热容； c m293 is the specific heat capacity of the first conductor at room temperature;
δ m293为常温状态下第一导体的线膨胀系数； δ m293 is the linear expansion coefficient of the first conductor at room temperature;
L m为第一导体在常温状态时沿自运动方向的长度； L m is the length of the first conductor along the direction of self-motion at room temperature;
c v为服役温度下第二组件的比热容； c v is the specific heat capacity of the second component at service temperature;
c v293为常温下第二组件的比热容； c v293 is the specific heat capacity of the second component at normal temperature;
δ v293为常温状态下第二组件的线膨胀系数； δ v293 is the linear expansion coefficient of the second component at room temperature;
d v为第二组件在常温状态时沿自运动方向的长度； d v is the length of the second component along the self-motion direction at normal temperature;
T a为服役温度； T a is the service temperature;
T为常温温度。T is normal temperature.
为了进一步优化上述技术方案，本实施例公开的第一导体100还包括运动部120和接触部130，运动部120为第一导体100中受温度变化进行自运动的结构部件，一端固定约束，另一端与接触部130连接，以在温度变化时发生自运动并带动接触部130运动，当接触部130与第二导体200接触时，低温温控开关闭合，电路通路。In order to further optimize the above-mentioned technical solution, the first conductor 100 disclosed in this embodiment also includes a moving part 120 and a contact part 130. The moving part 120 is a structural component that undergoes self-movement due to temperature changes in the first conductor 100. One end is fixed and restrained, and the other One end is connected to the contact part 130 so as to generate self-motion and drive the contact part 130 to move when the temperature changes. When the contact part 130 contacts the second conductor 200, the low temperature temperature control switch is closed and the circuit is open.
进一步地，本实施例公开的第二导体200还包括：Further, the second conductor 200 disclosed in this embodiment further includes:
固定面220，固定面220为第二导体200上背向第一导体100上接触部130的一面，固定设置，使得第二导体200在温度变化发生自运动时背向此面进行位移；The fixed surface 220, the fixed surface 220 is the side of the second conductor 200 facing away from the contact portion 130 on the first conductor 100, which is fixedly arranged so that the second conductor 200 is displaced away from this surface when self-motion occurs due to temperature changes;
接触面230，接触面230为第二导体200在温度变化发生自运动时进行位移的面，接触面230靠近接触部130且与接触部130距离为D，当温度由常温变化为服役温度时，第一导体100与第二导体200相对运动距离t 3＝D，接触面220与接触部130接触，电路通路； The contact surface 230, the contact surface 230 is the surface on which the second conductor 200 displaces when the temperature changes and the self-motion occurs. The contact surface 230 is close to the contact part 130 and the distance from the contact part 130 is D. When the temperature changes from normal temperature to the service temperature, The relative movement distance between the first conductor 100 and the second conductor 200 is t 3 =D, the contact surface 220 is in contact with the contact portion 130, and the circuit is connected;
穿过孔240，第一导体100上的运动部120穿过第二导体200的穿过孔240，且在温度由常温变化为服役温度的过程中均不与穿过孔240的孔周接触，运动部120一端的接触部130的直径大于穿过孔240的直径，使得接触部130在发生收缩自运动时不会穿过第二导体200的穿过孔240，而是与接触面230接触。Through the hole 240, the moving part 120 on the first conductor 100 passes through the through hole 240 of the second conductor 200, and does not contact the periphery of the through hole 240 when the temperature changes from normal temperature to service temperature, The diameter of the contact portion 130 at one end of the moving portion 120 is larger than the diameter of the through hole 240 , so that the contact portion 130 does not pass through the through hole 240 of the second conductor 200 when the contraction self-motion occurs, but contacts the contact surface 230 .
进一步地，在上述低温温控开关中，第一导体100与第二导体200的间距D为定值时，服役温度与常温的差值，与所选择的导体材料的线膨胀系数差值成反比，当T a与T的差值越小时，所选择的导体材料的线膨胀系数差值越大以保证第一导体100和第二导体200会产生足够的相对运动距离，满足t 3＝D。 Further, in the above-mentioned low-temperature temperature control switch, when the distance D between the first conductor 100 and the second conductor 200 is a constant value, the difference between the service temperature and the normal temperature is inversely proportional to the difference between the linear expansion coefficients of the selected conductor materials , when the difference between T a and T is smaller, the difference of the coefficient of linear expansion of the selected conductor material is larger to ensure that the first conductor 100 and the second conductor 200 will have a sufficient relative movement distance, satisfying t 3 =D.
本发明的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”、等是用于区别不同的对象，而不是用于描述特定的顺序。此外术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。例如包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备没有设定于已列出的步骤或单元，而是可包括没有列出的步骤或单元。The terms "first", "second", and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and the above drawings are used to distinguish different objects, rather than to describe a specific order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having", and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or apparatus comprising a series of steps or units is not defined by listed steps or units, but may include unlisted steps or units.
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。The above description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种无源自运动结构设计方法，所述无源自运动结构为由第一组件和第二组件形成的结构，其特征在于，至少包括以下步骤：A method for designing a passive structure, wherein the passive structure is a structure formed by a first component and a second component, and at least includes the following steps:
    步骤一：确定第一组件与第二组件在温度由常温变化为服役温度时的相对运动距离；Step 1: Determine the relative movement distance between the first component and the second component when the temperature changes from normal temperature to service temperature;
    其中，若第一组件与第二组件自运动方向相同，则第一组件和第二组件的相对运动距离
    Figure PCTCN2021134743-appb-100001
    Among them, if the self-motion direction of the first component and the second component is the same, the relative movement distance of the first component and the second component
    Figure PCTCN2021134743-appb-100001
    若第一组件与第二组件自运动方向相反，则第一组件和第二组件的相对运动距离
    Figure PCTCN2021134743-appb-100002
    If the self-movement direction of the first component and the second component is opposite, the relative movement distance of the first component and the second component
    Figure PCTCN2021134743-appb-100002
    其中：in:
    ΔL为第一组件在服役温度时的自运动距离；ΔL is the self-movement distance of the first component at service temperature;
    Δd为第二组件在服役温度时的自运动距离；Δd is the self-movement distance of the second component at service temperature;
    c A为服役温度下第一组件的比热容； c A is the specific heat capacity of the first component at service temperature;
    c A293为常温下第一组件的比热容； c A293 is the specific heat capacity of the first component at normal temperature;
    δ A293为常温状态下第一组件的线膨胀系数； δ A293 is the linear expansion coefficient of the first component at normal temperature;
    L 0为第一组件在常温状态时沿自运动方向的长度； L 0 is the length of the first component along the self-motion direction at normal temperature;
    c B为服役温度下第二组件的比热容； c B is the specific heat capacity of the second component at service temperature;
    c B293为常温下第二组件的比热容； c B293 is the specific heat capacity of the second component at normal temperature;
    δ B293为常温状态下第二组件的线膨胀系数； δ B293 is the linear expansion coefficient of the second component at normal temperature;
    d 0为第二组件在常温状态时沿自运动方向的长度； d 0 is the length of the second component along the self-motion direction at normal temperature;
    T 0为服役温度； T 0 is the service temperature;
    T为常温温度；T is normal temperature;
    步骤二：确定第一组件与第二组件在常温状态下的间距t 0； Step 2: Determine the distance t 0 between the first component and the second component at normal temperature;
    若第一组件和第二组件的自运动方向相同，则根据第一组件和第二组件在服役温度时的相对位置关系以及相对运动距离，确定t 0； If the self-motion directions of the first component and the second component are the same, determine t 0 according to the relative positional relationship and relative movement distance of the first component and the second component at service temperature;
    若第一组件和第二组件的自运动方向相反，则根据第一组件和第二组件在服役温度时的相对位置关系以及相对运动距离，确定t 0。 If the self-movement directions of the first component and the second component are opposite, t 0 is determined according to the relative positional relationship and the relative movement distance of the first component and the second component at service temperature.
  2. 如权利要求1所述的无源自运动结构设计方法，其特征在于，在第一组件和第二组件的自运动方向相同时，The passive motion structure design method according to claim 1, wherein when the self-motion directions of the first component and the second component are the same,
    若第一组件和第二组件在服役温度时的相对位置关系为接触，则t 0＝t 1； If the relative positional relationship between the first component and the second component is contact at service temperature, then t 0 =t 1 ;
    若第一组件和第二组件在服役温度时的相对位置关系为具有大于0的间距，则t 0＞t 1； If the relative positional relationship between the first component and the second component at the service temperature has a distance greater than 0, then t 0 >t 1 ;
    若第一组件和第二组件在服役温度时的相对位置关系为压紧，则t 0＜t 2。 If the relative positional relationship between the first assembly and the second assembly at the service temperature is compression, then t 0 <t 2 .
  3. 如权利要求1所述的无源自运动结构设计方法，其特征在于，在第一组件和第二组件的自运动方向相反时，The passive motion structure design method according to claim 1, wherein when the self-motion directions of the first assembly and the second assembly are opposite,
    若第一组件和第二组件在服役温度时的相对位置关系为接触，则t 0＝t 2； If the relative position relationship between the first component and the second component is contact at service temperature, then t 0 =t 2 ;
    若第一组件和第二组件在服役温度时的相对位置关系为具有大于0的间距，则t 0＞t 2； If the relative positional relationship between the first component and the second component at the service temperature has a distance greater than 0, then t 0 >t 2 ;
    若第一组件和第二组件在服役温度时的相对位置关系为压紧，则t 0＜t 2。 If the relative positional relationship between the first assembly and the second assembly at the service temperature is compression, then t 0 <t 2 .
  4. 如权利要求1所述的无源自运动结构设计方法，其特征在于，还包括以下步骤：The passive motion structure design method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises the following steps:
    步骤三：根据第一组件和第二组件的使用场景及配合关系确定生产公差及配合公差；Step 3: Determine production tolerances and fit tolerances according to the usage scenarios and cooperation relationships of the first component and the second component;
    步骤四：使用三维软件进行建模；Step 4: Use 3D software for modeling;
    步骤五：针对无源自运动结构的不同功能及加载方式，使用有限元仿真分析软件，对各组件的强度进行校核。Step 5: According to the different functions and loading methods of the passive structure, use the finite element simulation analysis software to check the strength of each component.
  5. 如权利要求4所述的无源自运动结构设计方法，其特征在于，还包括：The passive motion structure design method as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, also comprises:
    步骤六：根据步骤五中的分析结果，优化各部件的结构参数再次进行计算校核，最终迭代出优化后的结构模型。Step 6: According to the analysis results in Step 5, optimize the structural parameters of each component and perform calculation and check again, and finally iterate to obtain the optimized structural model.
  6. 如权利要求1-5任一项所述的无源自运动结构设计方法，其特征在于，所述常温为20℃。The method for designing a passive motion structure according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the normal temperature is 20°C.
  7. 一种低温温控开关，其特征在于，包括：A low temperature temperature control switch, characterized in that it comprises:
    第一导体(100)，设有与外接电路连接的第一接口(110)；The first conductor (100) is provided with a first interface (110) connected to an external circuit;
    第二导体(200)，设有与外接电路连接的第二接口(210)，所述第一导体(100)与所述第二导体(200)自运动方向相同且所述第一导体(100)的线膨胀系数大于所述第二导体(200)的线膨胀系数，所述第一导体(100)与所述第二导体(200)在自运动方向上常温间距为D，外接电路断开；在服役温度时相对自运动距离
    Figure PCTCN2021134743-appb-100003
    t 3＝D，外接电路通路；     The second conductor (200) is provided with a second interface (210) connected to an external circuit, the self-movement direction of the first conductor (100) is the same as that of the second conductor (200), and the first conductor (100) ) is greater than that of the second conductor (200), the distance between the first conductor (100) and the second conductor (200) at normal temperature in the direction of self-motion is D, and the external circuit is disconnected ; Relative self-movement distance at service temperature
    Figure PCTCN2021134743-appb-100003
    t 3 =D, external circuit path;
    其中：in:
    c m为服役温度下第一导体的比热容； c m is the specific heat capacity of the first conductor at the service temperature;
    c m293为常温下第一导体的比热容； c m293 is the specific heat capacity of the first conductor at room temperature;
    δ m293为常温状态下第一导体的线膨胀系数； δ m293 is the linear expansion coefficient of the first conductor at room temperature;
    L m为第一导体在常温状态时沿自运动方向的长度； L m is the length of the first conductor along the direction of self-motion at room temperature;
    c v为服役温度下第二组件的比热容； c v is the specific heat capacity of the second component at service temperature;
    c v293为常温下第二组件的比热容； c v293 is the specific heat capacity of the second component at normal temperature;
    δ v293为常温状态下第二组件的线膨胀系数； δ v293 is the linear expansion coefficient of the second component at room temperature;
    d v为第二组件在常温状态时沿自运动方向的长度； d v is the length of the second component along the self-motion direction at normal temperature;
    T a为服役温度； T a is the service temperature;
    T为常温温度。T is normal temperature.
  8. 如权利要求7所述的低温温控开关，其特征在于，所述第一导体(100)还包括运动部(120)和接触部(130)，所述运动部(120)一端固定，另一端与所述接触部(130)连接以在自运动时带动所述接触部(130)移动；The low temperature temperature control switch according to claim 7, characterized in that, the first conductor (100) further includes a moving part (120) and a contact part (130), one end of the moving part (120) is fixed, and the other end connected with the contact part (130) to drive the contact part (130) to move during self-motion;
  9. 如权利要求8所述的低温温控开关，其特征在于，所述第二导体(100)还包括：The low temperature temperature control switch according to claim 8, characterized in that, the second conductor (100) further comprises:
    固定面(220)，固定设置，使得所述第二导体(200)不沿此面运动；a fixed surface (220), fixedly arranged so that the second conductor (200) does not move along this surface;
    接触面(230)，所述接触面(230)与所述接触部(120)在常温时间距为D；The contact surface (230), the distance between the contact surface (230) and the contact portion (120) at room temperature is D;
    穿过孔(240)，所述运动部(120)穿过所述穿过孔(240)且与孔周边有间距，所述接触部(130)的直径大于所述穿过孔(240)的直径。Through the hole (240), the moving part (120) passes through the through hole (240) and has a distance from the periphery of the hole, and the diameter of the contact part (130) is larger than that of the through hole (240). diameter.
  10. 如权利要求7-9任一项所述的低温温控开关，其特征在于，当D为定值时，T a与T的差值越小，所选导体材料的线膨胀系数差值越大。 The low-temperature temperature control switch according to any one of claims 7-9, characterized in that, when D is a fixed value, the smaller the difference between T a and T, the larger the difference in the linear expansion coefficient of the selected conductor material .
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