WO2023087059A1

WO2023087059A1 - Fitness training apparatus, and computer-implemented method and system of fitness training

Info

Publication number: WO2023087059A1
Application number: PCT/AU2022/051372
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jonathan Charles GREGORY
Original assignee: Vitruvian Investments Pty Ltd
Priority date: 2021-11-16
Filing date: 2022-11-17
Publication date: 2023-05-25

Abstract

Exemplary embodiments provide a coupling device for connecting a handle or other accessory to a fitness training apparatus. The coupling device may include a head, a body, at least one latch a first attachment, and/or other components. The head may have a pin with a catch. The body may have a mating portion to receive the pin of the head therein and form a mating connection between the head and the body. The at least one latch may be in the mating portion of the body. The at least one latch may lock into the catch on the pin to removably secure the mating connection between the head and the body. The first attachment on either of the head or the body may connect a retractable line of the fitness training apparatus.

Description

FITNESS TRAINING APPARATUS, AND COMPUTER-IMPLEMENTED METHOD AND SYSTEM OF FITNESS TRAINING

Field of the Invention

[0001] The present invention relates to a fitness training apparatus and an associated fitness training system.

Background of the Invention

[0002] Fitness training for maintenance and improvement of personal health and wellbeing has become increasingly popular in developed societies in the past several years. And during this period, there have also been accompanying developments in equipment and apparatuses for training popular exercises, such as running, cycling and rowing. In particular, a wide variety of treadmills, training cycles, and rowing machines have been developed for use both in the home and in fitness studios for individual or group training classes.

[0003] One area of fitness training that has perhaps experienced less development in new equipment and apparatuses for popular exercises is weight-training. In this regard, free-weights (such as dumbbells, barbells, and kettlebells) are still common in fitness studios. And although a wide variety of different weight-machines are also known, each of these is usually designed for performing only a small and specific group of exercises, making a collection of different weight-machines necessary for a general or “all-round” workout.

[0004] A need therefore exists for a new and improved fitness training apparatus that is able to replace or substitute for a variety of known weight-training equipment. It would also be desirable to provide such an apparatus that could be used in a group or class training environment and/or in an internet-enabled connected fitness environment. In view of the above, it would be useful to provide a new and improved fitness training apparatus and an associated fitness training system.

Summary of Invention

[0005] According to one broad aspect, the present invention provides a coupling device for connecting a handle or other accessory to a fitness training apparatus. The coupling device may include a head, a body, at least one latch a first attachment, and/or other components. The head may have a pin with a catch. The body may have a mating portion to receive the pin of the head therein and form a mating connection between the head and the body. The at least one latch may be in the mating portion of the body. The at least one latch may lock into the catch on the pin to removably secure the mating connection between the head and the body. The first attachment on either of the head or the body may connect a retractable line of the fitness training apparatus.

[0006] A general or “all-round” workout requires having access to a number of different free weights and/or weight-machines, such as may be provided at a large fitness studio or gym. It can be expensive for individuals and smaller fitness studios (e.g., such as studios offering personalized fitness training) to purchase enough of the different weight-machines for a general workout. In addition to the expense, providing sufficient free weights and/or weight-machines can take up a lot of space in the home and smaller fitness studios.

[0007] A fitness training apparatus is disclosed which replaces a variety of free weights and weight-machines. In an example, the fitness training apparatus has a base housing a load generator for applying a selectively adjustable load to at least one retractable line. The load resists the force applied by a user while extending the retractable line from a retracted state to an extended state. Various handles and/or other accessories (e.g., bars, ropes, ankle straps) can be quickly and easily connected/disconnected to/from the retractable line via a coupler device. The coupler device maintains a strong and secure connection that supports the heavy loads generated during use.

[0008] According to some embodiments, the coupling device may include a second attachment on either of the head or the body. The second attachment may connect the handle or other accessory of the fitness training apparatus. According to some embodiments, the second attachment may be an opening formed through the head. According to some embodiments, the second attachment may be formed as part of the handle or other accessory of the fitness training apparatus.

[0009] According to some embodiments, the head may be provided on a base of the fitness training apparatus. According to some embodiments, the coupling device may include a webbing material to attach the head to a handle or other accessory of the fitness training apparatus. According to some embodiments, the retractable line may be provided already connected to the first attachment. According to some embodiments, the coupling device may include a hook formed on the catch of the pin to tighten the catch against the latch when a pulling force is applied to the pin.

[0010] According to some embodiments, the coupling device may include at least one biasing element in the mating portion of the body. The at least one biasing element providing a biasing force against the at least one latch to retain the at least one latch in a closed position.

[0011] According to some embodiments, the coupling device may include a separator in the mating portion of the body. According to some embodiments, the coupling device may include a sleeve around at least a portion of an outside of the body. The sleeve may be connected through the body to the separator in the mating portion of the body. According to some embodiments, the separator may be movable by the sleeve against the at least one latch to open the at least one latch against the biasing force of the biasing element. According to some embodiments, the separator may include a wedge. According to some embodiments, the at least one biasing element may include at least one spring.

[0012] According to some embodiments, the first attachment may include a cavity formed in a core of the body to retain an end of the retractable line of the fitness training apparatus. According to some embodiments, the coupling device may include an opening formed through the core of the body and into the cavity. A diameter of the opening being smaller than a diameter of the cavity. According to some embodiments, the coupling device may include a tapered passage between the opening and the cavity. According to some embodiments, the retractable line of the fitness training apparatus may extend through the opening formed through the core of the body. The retractable line may further extend through the tapered passage and into the cavity formed in the core of the body to be retained within the cavity of the body. According to some embodiments, the catch may include an indent formed in the pin. According to some embodiments, the sleeve may extend around a full outer circumference of the body. [0013] According to some embodiments, the coupling device may include a top plate for an upper portion of the body. The at least one latch may be installed into the mating portion of the body before assembling the top plate onto the upper portion of the body. According to some embodiments, a knotted end of the retractable line of the fitness training apparatus may be installed into the body before installing the at least one latch into the mating portion of the body and before assembling the top plate onto the upper portion of the body. According to some embodiments, the top plate is removable for servicing the at least one latch and/or the retractable line of the fitness training apparatus. According to some embodiments, the top plate is threaded onto the upper portion of the body.

[0014] According to one broad aspect, the present invention provides a handle device for a fitness training apparatus. The handle device may include a grip and a strap portion. The strap portion may be connected on a first end to the grip. The strap portion may be configured for connecting on a second end to the fitness training apparatus. A substantially flat body of the strap portion may form a contact surface. The contact surface may be configured to be positioned against a part of a user’s body and the contact surface utilized to perform a range of exercises.

[0015] Weight machines are often limited to performing only one type of exercise. A general or “all-round” workout requires having access to a number of different weightmachines. It can be expensive for individuals and smaller fitness studios (e.g., such as studios offering personalized fitness training) to purchase enough of the different weight-machines for a general workout. In addition, the user typically tries to avoid contact with the metal cables and pulley system used to lift the weights on a weightmachine during operation, as doing so would be uncomfortable and improper use could even cause injury.

[0016] A handle device is disclosed which may be implemented with a fitness training apparatus which replaces a variety of free weights and weight-machines. In an example, the handle device includes a strap portion that can be positioned against the forearm (either an upper or lower surface of the forearm). This contact surface enables the user to perform a range of upper body exercises that would not otherwise be possible with a cable, because the cable would be highly likely to slip off of or dig into the user’s arm during use and cause discomfort. [0017] According to some embodiments, the handle device may include a grip cord connecting the grip to the strap portion. According to some embodiments, the handle device may include a first end loop 1206 formed in the first end of the strap portion. The grip cord may pass through the first end loop 1206. A first end of the grip cord may be attached to a first end of the grip. A second end of the grip cord may be attached to a second end of the grip. The grip may be substantially cylindrical in shape.

[0018] According to some embodiments, the handle device may include an attachment cord connecting the strap portion to the fitness training apparatus. According to some embodiments, the handle device may include a second end loop formed in the second end of the strap portion. The attachment cord may pass through the second end loop. A first portion of the attachment cord may be attached together with a second portion of the attachment cord. The attachment cord may be attached to the fitness training apparatus. The attachment cord may be attached to the fitness training apparatus via a quick-release connector.

[0019] According to some embodiments, the contact surface may be configured to be positioned against a forearm of the user’s body and the contact surface utilized to perform a range of upper body exercises. In some embodiments, the contact surface may be configured to be positioned against an upper surface of the forearm of the user’s body and the contact surface utilized to perform a range of upper body exercises. In some embodiments, the contact surface may be configured to be positioned against a lower surface of the forearm of the user’s body and the contact surface utilized to perform a range of upper body exercises. In some embodiments, the contact surface may be configured for the user to perform a forward rotation of the grip while in a standing shoulder press position, such that the contact surface is in contact with an upper surface of the user’s forearm.

[0020] According to some embodiments, the strap portion may be configured for a predetermined resistance. In some embodiments, the strap portion may stretch when pulled. The strap portion may return to a relaxed state when released.

[0021] According to one broad aspect, the present invention provides for calibrating a fitness apparatus and accurately counting exercise repetitions thereon. With weight machines on which users perform a large number of exercises, the range of motion experienced by the weight machine can vary greatly between different exercises. As such, identifying when an exercise repetition has been performed can be ambiguous.

[0022] Implementations described herein address the aforementioned shortcomings and other shortcomings by calibrating a fitness apparatus when a user begins a set of exercises and, once calibrated, accurately counting further exercise repetitions. In exemplary implementations, during initial calibration of the device, the user may be required to move handles of the fitness apparatus through a number (e.g., three) of full ranges of motion for a particular exercise. This initial motion may be used to determine initial upper and lower bounds of motion around which a direction of the handle is expected to change as the user performs the particular exercise.

[0023] One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method for calibrating a fitness apparatus and accurately counting exercise repetitions thereon. The method may include, responsive to a user beginning a set of exercise repetitions using the fitness apparatus, determining a first bound of a window of motion through which a handle of the fitness apparatus traverses during a first exercise repetition. The first bound may be associated with a starting position for individual exercise repetitions. The method may include, responsive to the user performing a first portion of the first exercise repetition, determining a second bound of the window of motion. The first portion of the first exercise repetition may include motion in a first direction. The second bound may be associated with an intermediate position for individual exercise repetitions. The method may include, responsive to the user performing a second portion of the first exercise repetition, revising the first bound of the window of motion. The second portion of the one or more initial exercise repetitions may include motion in a second direction. The second direction may be opposite the first direction. The method may include, responsive to the user performing a first portion of a second exercise repetition, revising the second bound of the window of motion. The method may include, responsive to the user performing a second portion of the second exercise repetition, revising the second bound of the window of motion. The method may include, responsive to determination of the first bound and the second bound of the window of motion through which the handle of the fitness apparatus traverses during individual exercise repetitions, determining three subranges associated with the first bound, the three subranges including a before-first-bound subrange, an at-first-bound subrange, and an after-first- bound subrange. The before-first-bound subrange may be positioned within the window of motion, the at-first-bound subrange being positioned to include the first bound, and the after-first-bound subrange being positioned outside the window of motion. The method may include, responsive to determination of the first bound and the second bound of the window of motion through which the handle of the fitness apparatus traverses during individual exercise repetitions, determining three subranges associated with the second bound. The three subranges may include a before-second-bound subrange, an at-second-bound subrange, and an after-second-bound subrange. The before-second-bound subrange may be positioned within the window of motion, the at- second-bound subrange being positioned to include the second bound, and the after- second-bound subrange being positioned outside the window of motion. The method may include determining a number of repetitions based on reversals in direction of motion of the handle of the fitness apparatus according to the subranges associated with the bounds of the window of motion.

[0024] Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a system configured for calibrating a fitness apparatus and accurately counting exercise repetitions thereon. The system may include one or more hardware processors configured by machine-readable instructions. The processor(s) may be configured to, responsive to a user beginning a set of exercise repetitions using the fitness apparatus, determine a first bound of a window of motion through which a handle of the fitness apparatus traverses during a first exercise repetition. The first bound may be associated with a starting position for individual exercise repetitions. The processor(s) may be configured to, responsive to the user performing a first portion of the first exercise repetition, determine a second bound of the window of motion. The first portion of the first exercise repetition may include motion in a first direction. The second bound may be associated with an intermediate position for individual exercise repetitions. The processor(s) may be configured to, responsive to the user performing a second portion of the first exercise repetition, revise the first bound of the window of motion. The second portion of the one or more initial exercise repetitions may include motion in a second direction. The second direction may be opposite the first direction. The processor(s) may be configured to, responsive to the user performing a first portion of a second exercise repetition, revise the second bound of the window of motion. The processor(s) may be configured to, responsive to the user performing a second portion of the second exercise repetition, revise the second bound of the window of motion. The processor(s) may be configured to, responsive to determination of the first bound and the second bound of the window of motion through which the handle of the fitness apparatus traverses during individual exercise repetitions, determine three subranges associated with the first bound, the three subranges including a before-first-bound subrange, an at-first-bound subrange, and an after-first-bound subrange. The before-first-bound subrange may be positioned within the window of motion, the at-first-bound subrange being positioned to include the first bound, and the after-first-bound subrange being positioned outside the window of motion. The processor(s) may be configured to, responsive to determination of the first bound and the second bound of the window of motion through which the handle of the fitness apparatus traverses during individual exercise repetitions, determine three subranges associated with the second bound. The three subranges may include a before-second-bound subrange, an at-second-bound subrange, and an after-second- bound subrange. The before-second-bound subrange may be positioned within the window of motion, the at-second-bound subrange being positioned to include the second bound, and the after-second-bound subrange being positioned outside the window of motion. The processor(s) may be configured to determine a number of repetitions based on reversals in direction of motion of the handle of the fitness apparatus according to the subranges associated with the bounds of the window of motion.

[0025] Yet another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a non-transient computer-readable storage medium having instructions embodied thereon, the instructions being executable by one or more processors to perform a method for calibrating a fitness apparatus and accurately counting exercise repetitions thereon. The method may include, responsive to a user beginning a set of exercise repetitions using the fitness apparatus, determining a first bound of a window of motion through which a handle of the fitness apparatus traverses during a first exercise repetition. The first bound may be associated with a starting position for individual exercise repetitions. The method may include, responsive to the user performing a first portion of the first exercise repetition, determining a second bound of the window of motion. The first portion of the first exercise repetition may include motion in a first direction. The second bound may be associated with an intermediate position for individual exercise repetitions. The method may include, responsive to the user performing a second portion of the first exercise repetition, revising the first bound of the window of motion. The second portion of the one or more initial exercise repetitions may include motion in a second direction. The second direction may be opposite the first direction. The method may include, responsive to the user performing a first portion of a second exercise repetition, revising the second bound of the window of motion. The method may include, responsive to the user performing a second portion of the second exercise repetition, revising the second bound of the window of motion. The method may include, responsive to determination of the first bound and the second bound of the window of motion through which the handle of the fitness apparatus traverses during individual exercise repetitions, determining three subranges associated with the first bound, the three subranges including a before-first-bound subrange, an at-first-bound subrange, and an after-first-bound subrange. The before-first-bound subrange may be positioned within the window of motion, the at-first-bound subrange being positioned to include the first bound, and the after-first-bound subrange being positioned outside the window of motion. The method may include, responsive to determination of the first bound and the second bound of the window of motion through which the handle of the fitness apparatus traverses during individual exercise repetitions, determining three subranges associated with the second bound. The three subranges may include a before-second- bound subrange, an at-second-bound subrange, and an after-second-bound subrange. The before-second-bound subrange may be positioned within the window of motion, the at-second-bound subrange being positioned to include the second bound, and the after- second-bound subrange being positioned outside the window of motion. The method may include determining a number of repetitions based on reversals in direction of motion of the handle of the fitness apparatus according to the subranges associated with the bounds of the window of motion.

[0026] Still another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a system configured for calibrating a fitness apparatus and accurately counting exercise repetitions thereon. The system may include means for, responsive to a user beginning a set of exercise repetitions using the fitness apparatus, determining a first bound of a window of motion through which a handle of the fitness apparatus traverses during a first exercise repetition. The first bound may be associated with a starting position for individual exercise repetitions. The system may include means for, responsive to the user performing a first portion of the first exercise repetition, determining a second bound of the window of motion. The first portion of the first exercise repetition may include motion in a first direction. The second bound may be associated with an intermediate position for individual exercise repetitions. The system may include means for, responsive to the user performing a second portion of the first exercise repetition, revising the first bound of the window of motion. The second portion of the one or more initial exercise repetitions may include motion in a second direction. The second direction may be opposite the first direction. The system may include means for, responsive to the user performing a first portion of a second exercise repetition, revising the second bound of the window of motion. The system may include means for, responsive to the user performing a second portion of the second exercise repetition, revising the second bound of the window of motion. The system may include means for, responsive to determination of the first bound and the second bound of the window of motion through which the handle of the fitness apparatus traverses during individual exercise repetitions, determining three subranges associated with the first bound, the three subranges including a before-first-bound subrange, an at-first-bound subrange, and an after-first-bound subrange. The before-first-bound subrange may be positioned within the window of motion, the at-first-bound subrange being positioned to include the first bound, and the after-first-bound subrange being positioned outside the window of motion. The system may include means for, responsive to determination of the first bound and the second bound of the window of motion through which the handle of the fitness apparatus traverses during individual exercise repetitions, determining three subranges associated with the second bound. The three subranges may include a before-second-bound subrange, an at-second-bound subrange, and an after-second- bound subrange. The before-second-bound subrange may be positioned within the window of motion, the at-second-bound subrange being positioned to include the second bound, and the after-second-bound subrange being positioned outside the window of motion. The system may include means for determining a number of repetitions based on reversals in direction of motion of the handle of the fitness apparatus according to the subranges associated with the bounds of the window of motion.

[0027] According to one broad aspect, the present invention provides for dynamically adjusting force applied by a fitness apparatus. With weight machines on which users perform a large number of exercises, the range of velocities experienced by the weight machine can vary greatly between different users and different exercises. As such, it can be difficult to reenforce appropriate ranges of velocity during different exercises for different users.

[0028] Implementations described herein address the aforementioned shortcomings and other shortcomings by adjusting a force applied to a handle of an exercise apparatus based on a current velocity of the handle and a current phase (e.g., concentric or eccentric) of an exercise. For example, outside of a target velocity window, the force may be adjusted to make the exercise easier or harder to encourage velocity back towards the target window as a user slows down or speeds up in response to the change in force.

[0029] One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method for dynamically adjusting force applied by a fitness apparatus. The method may include obtaining a first bound and a second bound of a window of target velocity experienced by a handle of the fitness apparatus during a first exercise repetition of a set of exercise repetitions. The first bound may be associated with a first velocity. The second bound may be associated with a second velocity. The first velocity may be greater than the second velocity. The method may include, responsive to a velocity of the handle during a concentric phase of the first exercise repetition breaching a threshold associated with the first velocity, adjusting up a force applied through the handle of the fitness apparatus. The method may include, responsive to the velocity of the handle during the concentric phase of the first exercise repetition breaching a threshold associated with the second velocity, adjusting down the force applied through the handle of the fitness apparatus. The method may include, responsive to the velocity of the handle during an eccentric phase of the first exercise repetition breaching a threshold associated with a negative of the first velocity, adjusting up a force applied through the handle of the fitness apparatus. The method may include, responsive to the velocity of the handle during the concentric phase of the first exercise repetition breaching a second threshold associated with a negative of the second velocity, adjusting down the force applied through the handle of the fitness apparatus.

[0030] Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a system configured for dynamically adjusting force applied by a fitness apparatus. The system may include one or more hardware processors configured by machine-readable instructions. The processor(s) may be configured to obtain a first bound and a second bound of a window of target velocity experienced by a handle of the fitness apparatus during a first exercise repetition of a set of exercise repetitions. The first bound may be associated with a first velocity. The second bound may be associated with a second velocity. The first velocity may be greater than the second velocity. The processor(s) may be configured to, responsive to a velocity of the handle during a concentric phase of the first exercise repetition breaching a threshold associated with the first velocity, adjust up a force applied through the handle of the fitness apparatus. The processor(s) may be configured to, responsive to the velocity of the handle during the concentric phase of the first exercise repetition breaching a threshold associated with the second velocity, adjust down the force applied through the handle of the fitness apparatus. The processor(s) may be configured to, responsive to the velocity of the handle during an eccentric phase of the first exercise repetition breaching a threshold associated with a negative of the first velocity, adjust up a force applied through the handle of the fitness apparatus. The processor(s) may be configured to, responsive to the velocity of the handle during the concentric phase of the first exercise repetition breaching a second threshold associated with a negative of the second velocity, adjust down the force applied through the handle of the fitness apparatus.

[0031] Yet another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a non-transient computer-readable storage medium having instructions embodied thereon, the instructions being executable by one or more processors to perform a method for dynamically adjusting force applied by a fitness apparatus. The method may include obtaining a first bound and a second bound of a window of target velocity experienced by a handle of the fitness apparatus during a first exercise repetition of a set of exercise repetitions. The first bound may be associated with a first velocity. The second bound may be associated with a second velocity. The first velocity may be greater than the second velocity. The method may include, responsive to a velocity of the handle during a concentric phase of the first exercise repetition breaching a threshold associated with the first velocity, adjusting up a force applied through the handle of the fitness apparatus. The method may include, responsive to the velocity of the handle during the concentric phase of the first exercise repetition breaching a threshold associated with the second velocity, adjusting down the force applied through the handle of the fitness apparatus. The method may include, responsive to the velocity of the handle during an eccentric phase of the first exercise repetition breaching a threshold associated with a negative of the first velocity, adjusting up a force applied through the handle of the fitness apparatus. The method may include, responsive to the velocity of the handle during the concentric phase of the first exercise repetition breaching a second threshold associated with a negative of the second velocity, adjusting down the force applied through the handle of the fitness apparatus.

[0032] Still another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a system configured for dynamically adjusting force applied by a fitness apparatus. The system may include means for obtaining a first bound and a second bound of a window of target velocity experienced by a handle of the fitness apparatus during a first exercise repetition of a set of exercise repetitions. The first bound may be associated with a first velocity. The second bound may be associated with a second velocity. The first velocity may be greater than the second velocity. The system may include means for, responsive to a velocity of the handle during a concentric phase of the first exercise repetition breaching a threshold associated with the first velocity, adjusting up a force applied through the handle of the fitness apparatus. The system may include means for, responsive to the velocity of the handle during the concentric phase of the first exercise repetition breaching a threshold associated with the second velocity, adjusting down the force applied through the handle of the fitness apparatus. The system may include means for, responsive to the velocity of the handle during an eccentric phase of the first exercise repetition breaching a threshold associated with a negative of the first velocity, adjusting up a force applied through the handle of the fitness apparatus. The system may include means for, responsive to the velocity of the handle during the concentric phase of the first exercise repetition breaching a second threshold associated with a negative of the second velocity, adjusting down the force applied through the handle of the fitness apparatus.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0033] For a more complete understanding of the invention and advantages thereof, exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail in the following description with reference to the accompanying drawing figures, in which like reference signs designate like parts and in which: Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fitness training apparatus according to one preferred conceptual embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a fitness training apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 3 is a front view of the fitness training apparatus of Fig. 2, illustrating separation of an upper portion of the base;

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the fitness training apparatus of Fig. 2, showing the upper portion of the base converted into a bench;

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of an interior of a base of the training apparatus according to one preferred embodiment;

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of an interior of a base of the training apparatus according to another preferred embodiment;

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of an interior of a base of the training apparatus according to a further preferred embodiment;

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of an interior of a base of the training apparatus according to yet another preferred embodiment;

Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional perspective view of a fitness training apparatus according to the embodiment of Fig. 8;

Fig. 10 is a partial perspective underside view of the fitness training apparatus shown in Fig. 9;

Fig. 11 is a schematic view of the fitness training apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention which utilises a direct drive motor;

Figs. 12A and 12B show the example coupling device, wherein (A) is a top perspective view, and (B) is a bottom perspective view;

Figs. 12C and 12D show the example coupling device, wherein (C) is a side view, and (D) is a side cross-sectional view taken along lines 3A-3A in Fig. 12C; Figs. 12E and 12F show the example coupling device with the head disconnected from the body, wherein (E) is a side view, and (F) is a side cross-sectional view taken along lines 4A-4A in Fig. 12E;

Fig. 13 is a perspective view of an example handle device for a fitness training apparatus according to one preferred conceptual embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 14 is a front view of the example handle device shown in Fig. 13;

Fig. 15 is a back view of the example handle device shown in Fig. 13;

Fig. 16 is a right-side view of the example handle device shown in Fig. 13;

Fig. 17 is a left side view of the example handle device shown in Fig. 13;

Fig. 18 is a top view of the example handle device shown in Fig. 13;

Fig. 19 is a bottom view of the example handle device shown in Fig. 13;

Fig. 20 illustrates an example window through which the handle device shown in Fig. 13 traverses during exercises, according to certain aspects of the disclosure;

Fig. 21 illustrates a system configured for calibrating a fitness apparatus and accurately counting exercise repetitions thereon, according to certain aspects of the disclosure; and

Figs. 22A and 22B illustrate an example flow diagram for calibrating a fitness apparatus and accurately counting exercise repetitions thereon, according to certain aspects of the disclosure.

Fig. 23 illustrates an example force-velocity function for dynamically adjusting force applied by a fitness apparatus, according to certain aspects of the disclosure;

Fig. 24 illustrates a system configured for dynamically adjusting force applied by a fitness apparatus, according to certain aspects of the disclosure.

Fig. 25 illustrates an example flow diagram for dynamically adjusting force applied by a fitness apparatus, according to certain aspects of the disclosure. [0034] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate particular embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. Other embodiments of the invention and many of the attendant advantages will be readily appreciated as they become better understood with reference to the following detailed description.

[0035] It will be appreciated that common and/or well understood elements that may be useful or necessary in a commercially feasible embodiment are not necessarily depicted in order to facilitate a more abstracted view of the embodiments. The elements of the drawings are not necessarily illustrated to scale relative to each other. It will also be understood that certain actions and/or steps in an embodiment of a method may be described or depicted in a particular order of occurrences while those skilled in the art will understand that such specificity with respect to sequence is not actually required.

Detailed Description of the Embodiments

[0036] With reference to Figs. 1 to 4 of the drawings, a fitness training apparatus 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to both its conceptual design in Fig. 1 and a preferred configuration in Figs. 2 to 4.

[0037] Referring firstly to the drawing Figs. 1 and 2, the fitness training apparatus 100 comprises a base 10 configured as a platform or step upon which a user (not shown) may stand, sit, or lie while performing training exercises. An upper surface 11 of the base 10 has a layer 12 of rubberised material to provide grip and optionally also some degree of cushioning and/or comfort for the user when he or she stands, sits, or lies on the upper surface 11 . In this example, the base 10 of the fitness training apparatus 100 is adapted or designed to support the apparatus on a generally horizontal support surface S, such as the floor of a training room. The base includes wheels or casters 13 which assist a user to move the apparatus 100 over the floor of a training room.

[0038] The fitness training apparatus 100 comprises two retractable lines 20 provided in the base 10. In this embodiment, each retractable line 20 comprises a thin, flexible cable 21 of a generally circular cross-section coated or covered with a plastic sheath, although a cord or rope may be equally suitable. Each retractable line 20 (i.e. cable 21 ) is configured and arranged to retract into a wound or coiled configuration in a retracted state on a spool or drum 22 provided in the base 10, i.e. mounted and supported on a frame 14 of the base 10. Each cable 21 typically has an unwound length of less than or equal to 2 metres. In this way, each retractable line 20 is provided in the base 10, with a free end region 23 of each retractable line or cable emerging from the upper surface 11 of the base 10 for access and operation by the user. To this end, the free end region 23 of each cable 21 is configured (e.g. with a clip or clasp) for removable attachment of a handle 24 for manual operation by the user. In this example, each of the handles 24 has a hand-grip 25 sized or configured for one-handed operation of the retractable line. In this way, each retractable line 20 is configured to be extended from the retracted state in the base 10 to an extended state upon application of a force (i.e. a tension force) to the free end region 23 of the respective retractable line 20 by the user. The retractable lines 20 are arranged in the base 10 spaced apart from one another by a distance in the range of about 1.0 m to 1.2 m, and preferably about 1.1 m, for comfortable ergonomic operation by each hand and/or arm of a user when the user is standing, sitting, or lying on the upper surface 11 of the base 10.

[0039] Still referring to Figs. 1 and 2, the fitness training apparatus 100 also comprises two load generators 30 provided in the base 10, each of the load generators 30 being operatively associated with a respective one of the two retractable lines 20 for applying a selectively adjustable load to that retractable line 20. To this end, each load generator 30 of the fitness training apparatus 100 comprises at least one electric motor 31 , such as a torque motor, that is variably operable to generate a range of torques for applying the selectively adjustable load to its respective retractable line 20. The spool or drum 22 upon which the retractable line 20 is wound or coiled in the retracted state is mounted on a shaft 32 coupled with a rotor of the at least one electric motor 31 . The load applied to each retractable line 20 by the respective load generator 30 resists or acts against a force applied in use to the free end region 23 by the user for extending the retractable lines 20 from the retracted state to the extended state. In this way, a user of the fitness training apparatus 100 can perform exercises with the retractable lines 20 against a selectively adjustable load provided by the load generators 30. The force typically required, in use, for application to the free end region 23 by the user for extending each cable 21 from its retracted state to its extended state will exceed the load being applied to the cable 21 by the respective load generator 30. Also, because the cables 21 are configured to be retracted from their extended state to their retracted state by the load applied by the electric motors 31 , force applied to the cables 21 by the user performing exercises will oppose and/or resist the load being applied by the motors 31 for retracting the retractable lines 20 to the retracted state.

[0040] With reference also now to Figs. 3 to 4 of the drawings, it will be appreciated that the base 10 of the fitness training apparatus 100 in this embodiment has an internal frame 14 for mounting and supporting the retractable lines 20 (i.e. in the retracted state) and the load generators 30, and an outer casing 15 that presents the upper surface 11 of the base and encloses and houses the retractable lines 20 and load generators 30. As noted above, the base 10 in this embodiment is configured as a platform or step upon which the user may stand, sit, or lie while performing training exercises. The step has a height H in the range of about 100 mm to 300 mm, preferably about 200 mm. The length L of the step is in the range of about 1 .2 m to 1 .4 m, preferably about 1.3 m, and the depth D of the step is in the range of about 400 mm to 600 mm, preferably about 500 mm. The retractable lines 20 are configured and arranged to be extended from the retracted state in a direction away from the base 10, preferably in an upwards or vertical direction, or through any of a range of angles to the vertical direction, or horizontally, as seen in Fig. 4. To this end, a path of travel of each retractable line 20 is guided by one or more pulleys 26 mounted in or on the base 10.

[0041] The base 10 of the fitness training apparatus 100 includes a portion 16 that is removable or separable to form a training bench for the user. The separable portion 16 of the base 10 has a bench panel 17 incorporating the layer 12 of rubberised material that provides grip and a degree of cushioning and/or comfort for the user, and foldable legs 18 in hinged attachment to opposite ends of the bench panel 17 for deployment to support the bench as shown in Fig. 4. The bench panel 17 has length in the range of about 500 mm to about 800 mm, preferably 600 mm, and may include space for storing the handles 24 or bar of the apparatus 100 when they are not in use (e.g. underneath the bench panel 17). As shown in Fig. 4of the drawings, the base 10 includes a secondary upper surface 1 T with secondary layer 12’ of rubberised material for grip and a degree of cushioning and/or comfort for the user in the region below the separable portion 16 recessed between opposite ends of the base 10 respectively housing each of the retractable lines 20 and the load generators 30. [0042] With reference to now Figs. 5 to 10 of the drawings, alternative configurations for the retractable line 20 and its coupling with the load generators 30 are illustrated. As noted above, each of the load generators 30 has at least one electric motor 31 . In each of these embodiments, however, dual electric motors 31 (torque motors) are preferred. Dual, uncoupled motors 31 allow the apparatus 100 to adjust to a weaker side, as will be described later. Dual motors 31 also help with torque production, and each motor 31 need only generate half the amount of torque for the total load. The power output of the motors 31 is based on a requirement to move up to 100 kg by a distance of 2 metres in 1 second, thereby giving a power requirement of about 2 kW. Allowing for some losses, two motors with a maximum power output of 1 .2 kW each are contemplated. Where the spool or drum 22 for the cable 21 has a diameter of 50mm, a shaft speed of 764 rpm for the spool 22 will equate to a 2 m extension of the cable 21 in 1 second. The torque for a 50mm spool equates to 12.5 Nm per motor. A 50mm diameter spool 22 with a cable 21 having a diameter of 5mm demands a spool length of approx. 65mm (i.e. 12.7 wraps of cable 21 side-by-side). A smaller spool 22 may be considered for greater range of shaft speed (rpm), if required. The RMS constant torque value is deemed a suitable operating value (as opposed to peak torque). The diameters of the pulleys 25 are calculated to suit this torque target point, and a maximum user force of 1000N.

[0043] Each of the drawing Figs. 5 to 8 shows the dual electric motors 31 of the load generator 30 mounted on the frame 14 of the base 10 and coupled with the retractable line 20. The frame 14 comprises a plate 19 and elongate frame members 19’ on which the retractable line 20 and the load generator 30 are mounted in the base 10.

[0044] Fig. 5 shows an embodiment where the retractable line 20 comprises a flexible strap 2T instead of a cable 21 . The strap 2T has the advantage of being a very flexible force translation material that can achieve a very small bend radius and has little or no chance of slip or movement when wound onto the spool or drum 22. The strap also provides a perception of smooth travel and quality as it is extended and retracted. However, as the strap winds on top of itself on the spool 22, the torque of the motors needs to vary as the diameter of the spool changes. The strap also has the potential for unwanted twisting, if not restrained. Fig. 6. shows an embodiment where the retractable line 20, and particularly the cable 21 , is wound on a cone-shaped spool 22. The cable is circular in this example (i.e. as before) so there is no problem of inline twisting, as with strap. The cable 21 has a small profile and can be wound side-by-side, with the cone- shape promoting self-alignment of the cable on the spool 22. As such, there is no need for any inlet straightener, as required with the strap 2T. Fig. 7. shows an embodiment in which the cable 21 is wound via a capstan 27, which isolates the motors 31 of the load generator 30 from the spool. Again, the cable 21 is circular and therefore has little or no prospect of inline twisting, and the cable has a small profile for spooling side-by-side in a compact manner.

[0045] Fig. 8 of the drawings shows an embodiment in which the retractable line 20, and particularly cable or cord 21 , is wound on a helical spool 22. The spool 22 thus has a helical groove providing a positive location for each winding of cable and the cable 21 is circular with little chance of inline twisting. Further, the cable 21 has a small profile and can be spooled side-by-side, with no need for a varying load calculation. Due to the proximity of the helical spool 22 to the cable pre-tensioner 28, a relatively large angle of travel is required for spooling over the length of the spool 22. To this end, the guide pulley 26 at the pre-tensioner is arranged to pivot or swivel about a vertical axis to guide cable 21 along the spool 22 as it winds and unwinds to prevent ‘jumping’ or overwinding of the cable 21 on spool 22 to achieve even spooling and no jamming I wedging. This embodiment is further illustrated in Figs. 9 and 10. In this embodiment, the spool 22 is mounted on the shaft 32 coupled with the rotors of each motor 31 via a transmission, particularly a transmission comprising a toothed-belt (or chain) 33 and sprocket 34.

[0046] As will be seen in Figs. 8 to 10 (and in Fig. 1 ), the fitness training apparatus 100 also has a control device 40 mounted or supported on the frame 14 of the base 10. The control device 40 includes a power supply circuit and hardware 41 , a processor 42, wireless communication hardware, and one or more sensors 43 for sensing the use or operation of each retractable line 20. The sensors 43 include a rotary encoder (e.g. a Broadcom incremental encoder module, 500 CPR) for sensing I detecting rotation of the spool 22 for determining the position and speed of movement of each cable 21 as it is extended from or retracted onto its spool 22. The control device 40 is configured to adjust the load applied to each cable 21 by the motors 31 of the load generators 30 in dependence upon the use or operation of each retractable line 20. That is, the load generators 30 of the apparatus 100 are controlled via the control device 40 to adjust the load applied to cable 21 during extension of the cable 21 to the extended state and/or during retraction of the cable 21 to the retracted state. In this way, the load applied to the cable 21 by the electric motors 31 may be held constant, and/or increased, and/or decreased as the cable 21 is extended under the force applied by the user and/or as the cable 21 is retracted against the resistance force applied by the user. The adjustability of the load over the stroke or movement of the cable 21 in this way enables the training to be tailored to an individual user, but also to the specific exercise being trained and its biomechanics. So, each load generator 30 is able to be controlled to provide eccentric loading, concentric loading, and/or isometric loading, as desired.

[0047] According to a further embodiment of the present invention, a force measurement device (not shown) may be utilised to measure force applied to the cable 21. One example of a suitable force measurement device is a strain gauge, however any other device which measures force applied to an object is suitable. In use, the control device 40 controls the output of the motor 31 , which applies tension on the cable 21. The force measurement device measures the force on the cable 21 and transmits such measurement to the control device 40. The control device 40 may then adjust instructions to the motor 31 , so as to increase or reduce tension on the cable 21 as desired. Measurement by the force measurement device may occur continuously, or at set intervals (for example at startup or shutdown of the apparatus 100). Further, adjustment of the output of motor 31 may occur at regular intervals, or at discrete times as determined by control device 40.

According to another embodiment of the fitness training apparatus 100 P. Straps 21 (as illustrated in Fig. 4) may be connected with the ends of a bar 29 for a user to perform ‘squat’ exercises. Further, handle 24 may be in the form of a cuff for use on a forearm of a user for performing ‘arm curl’ exercises.

In a further improvement of the present invention the fitness training apparatus 100 may be combined with a user device, such as a display monitor and/or a smart phone. The user device is configured for communication with the apparatus 100, preferably via the control device, for the input of training settings by the user (e.g. via a smart phone or similar device) and/or for displaying training information to the user during training. In this regard, a software application installed on the user device for communication with the apparatus 100 for input of training settings and display of training information to the user. Furthermore, the control device 40, and particularly the processor 41 , of the apparatus 100 is configured to calculate training performance based on the use of each cable 21 sensed or detected by the sensors 43 of the control device 40 for displaying the performance information on the user device 200. In this way, the control device 40 may output information to the user device for display to the user during training, thereby providing useful training feedback.

[0048] In a “velocity targeting” training mode, a speed band or speed range for motion of the cables 21 is employed to set or determine whether the workout is high intensity or low intensity. The lower the velocity target, the slower and heavier (the load) the user is lifting. In this regard, it is useful to target a band or range rather than a specific number or the load tends to waver up and down around the target. Speed is preferably set on a 1 ms pwm signal and the speed is sensed and adjusted every 50ms. This could also optionally be lowered. The load may be varied linearly, or according to another function (e.g. a log function) if the motion falls out of the target band. Previous settings may also be stored to use as starting points.

[0049] The present invention may be configured for internet connectivity either via the control device 40 in the apparatus 100 and/or via the software application installed on the user device. This allows for connecting the user of the fitness training apparatus 100 to an interactive fitness environment. That is, the user can receive audio and/or visual input for one or more training regimes via the user device , and the user may be connected via a display monitor to a group or class training environment - either real or virtual. This input to the user may, for example, be in the form of instructor images (prerecorded or real-time video) providing instruction and motivation transmitted onto the display monitor for any of various training regimes that may be selected by the user. The present invention may also have an interface for interaction with third party partner devices (e.g. Fitbit™, Apple™, Android™) for biometric review (e.g. of weight, BMI, heart-rate).

[0050] The present invention may include one or more accessory devices for user input (such as a camera and/or a microphone) and/or for output to the user (such as loud-speakers and/or lighting). In this regard, a camera enables external monitoring and/or review or social interaction, and a microphone provides for verbal communication by the user with training partners during training. The accessory devices may be integrated in the user device or may be separate. The present invention may also include a remote control (e.g. in addition to touch-screen actuation), optionally with IR input, and power I volume control for a user to operate the user device and/ or accessory device(s) remotely during use of the fitness training apparatus 100.

[0051] The fitness training apparatus 100 could optionally be produced in a range of models having different load capabilities (e.g. light duty and heavy duty). To this end, the models could have same base 10 (i.e. the same frame 14 and casing 15) but with different motors 31 ; e.g. with force capacity of 500 N (e.g. approx. 50kg) per cable 21 ; or with a force capacity of 1000 N (e.g. approx. 100kg) per cable 21 . The apparatus 100 of this embodiment preferably uses: Teknic MCVC integral HP single phase servo motors 31 in torque following mode; Velocio PLC and HMI screen; US Digital E6 optical incremental encoder; T10 16mm steel core synchronous polyurethane belting and sprockets; Aluminium frame members 19, 19’. Cable connection ports (HDMI and USB) may be provided. An accessory shelf or pocket may be provided, e.g. for a drink-bottle, towel, phone, key, or the like.

[0052] In a further improvement of the present invention, illumination or other visible markers may be provided on the outside casing of the fitness training apparatus 100. These visible markers may serve to communicate to the user, or to any observers, the status of the fitness training apparatus. For example, in the case of illumination, the intensity or color of the illumination may indicate a user’s progression in a set or repetition of an exercise.

[0053] In a further improvement of the present invention, shown in Fig. 11 , a direct drive motor 300 may be utilised in place of motor 31 . A direct drive motor 300 is a form of motor which does not require a gear box, or pulley 26. The retractable line 20 is driven directly from the direct drive motor 300. The benefits of such a system include increased efficiency due to reduced friction over a traditional motor, reduced noise, a longer lifetime, and higher torque at lower revolutions per minute. Many forms of direct drive motors are suitable for the present invention, including but not limited to, frameless torque motors, brushless permanent-magnet synchronous motors, servo motors, and linear motors.

[0054] Figs. 12A and 12B show the example coupling device 1200, wherein (A) is a top perspective view, and (B) is a bottom perspective view. The coupling device 1200 may be for connecting a handle or other accessory to a fitness training apparatus (e.g., fitness training apparatus 100). The coupling device 1200 may include a head 1202 and a body 1204.

[0055] Figs. 12C and 12D show the example coupling device 1200, wherein (C) is a side view, and (D) is a side cross-sectional view taken along lines 3A-3A in Fig. 12C. Figs. 12E and 12F show the example coupling device 1200 with the head 1202 disconnected from the body 1204, wherein (E) is a side view, and (F) is a side cross- sectional view taken along lines 4A-4A in Fig. 12E.

[0056] The coupling device 1200 may include at least one latch 1206, a first attachment 1208, and/or other components. The head 1202 may have a pin 1210 with a catch 1212. The body 1204 may have a mating portion 1214 to receive the pin 1210 of the head 1202 therein and form a mating connection between the head 1202 and the body 1204. The at least one latch 1206 may be in the mating portion 1214 of the body 1204. The at least one latch 1206 may lock into the catch 1212 on the pin 1210 to removably secure the mating connection between the head 1202 and the body 1204. The first attachment 1208 on either of the head 1202 or the body 1204 may connect a retractable line of the fitness training apparatus.

[0057] According to some embodiments, the coupling device 1200 may include a second attachment 1218 on either of the head 1202 or the body 1204. The second attachment 1218 may connect the handle or other accessory of the fitness training apparatus. According to some embodiments, the second attachment 1218 may be an opening formed through the head 1202. According to some embodiments, the second attachment 1218 may be formed as part of the handle or other accessory of the fitness training apparatus (e.g., fitness training apparatus 100).

[0058] According to some embodiments, the head 1202 may be provided on a base of the fitness training apparatus. According to some embodiments, the coupling device 1200 may include a webbing material to attach the head 1202 to a handle or other accessory of the fitness training apparatus. According to some embodiments, the retractable line may be provided already connected to the first attachment 1208. According to some embodiments, the coupling device 1200 may include a hook 1222 formed on the catch 1212 of the pin 1210 to tighten the catch 1212 against the latch 1206 when a pulling force is applied to the pin 1210. [0059] According to some embodiments, the coupling device 1200 may include at least one biasing element 1224 in the mating portion 1214 of the body 1204. The at least one biasing element 1214 may provide a biasing force against the at least one latch 1206 to retain the at least one latch 1206 in a closed position.

[0060] According to some embodiments, the coupling device 1200 may include a separator 1226 in the mating portion 1214 of the body 1204. According to some embodiments, the coupling device 1200 may include a sleeve 1228 around at least a portion of an outside of the body 1204. The sleeve 1228 may be connected through the body 1204 to the separator 1226 in the mating portion 1214 of the body 1204. According to some embodiments, the separator 1226 may be movable by the sleeve 1228 against the at least one latch 1206 to open the at least one latch 1206 against the biasing force of the biasing element 1224. According to some embodiments, the separator 1226 may include a wedge. According to some embodiments, the at least one biasing element 1224 may include at least one spring.

[0061] According to some embodiments, the first attachment 1208 may include a cavity 1236 formed in a core 1238 of the body 1204 to retain an end of the retractable line of the fitness training apparatus. According to some embodiments, the coupling device 1200 may include an opening 1240 formed through the core 1238 of the body 1204 and into the cavity 1236. A diameter of the opening 1240 being smaller than a diameter of the cavity 1236. According to some embodiments, the coupling device 1200 may include a tapered passage 1242 between the opening 1240 and the cavity 1236. According to some embodiments, the retractable line of the fitness training apparatus may extend through the opening 1240 formed through the core 1238 of the body 1204. The retractable line may further extend through the tapered passage 1242 and into the cavity 1236 formed in the core 1238 of the body 1204 to be retained within the cavity 1236 of the body 1204. According to some embodiments, the catch 1212 may include an indent 1244 formed in the pin 1210. According to some embodiments, the sleeve 1228 may extend around a full outer circumference of the body 1204.

[0062] According to some embodiments, the coupling device 1200 may include a top plate 1248 for an upper portion of the body 1204. The at least one latch 1206 may be installed into the mating portion 1214 of the body 1204 before assembling the top plate 1248 onto the upper portion of the body 1204. According to some embodiments, a knotted end of the retractable line of the fitness training apparatus may be installed into the body 1204 before installing the at least one latch 1206 into the mating portion 1214 of the body 1204 and before assembling the top plate 1248 onto the upper portion of the body 1204. According to some embodiments, the top plate 1248 is removable for servicing the at least one latch 1206 and/or the retractable line of the fitness training apparatus. According to some embodiments, the top plate 1248 is threaded onto the upper portion of the body 1204.

[0063] Fig. 13 is a perspective view of an example handle device 1300 for a fitness training apparatus (e.g., fitness training apparatus 100 in Fig. 1) according to one preferred conceptual embodiment of the invention. Fig. 14 is a front view of the example handle device 1300. Fig. 15 is a back view of the example handle device 1300. Fig. 16 is a right-side view of the example handle device 1300. Fig. 17 is a left side view of the example handle device 1300. Fig. 18 is a top view of the example handle device 1300. Fig. 19 is a bottom view of the example handle device 1300.

[0064] The handle device 1300 may include a grip 1302 and a strap portion 1304. The strap portion 1304 may be connected on a first end to the grip 1302. The strap portion 1304 may be configured for connecting on a second end to the fitness training apparatus. A substantially flat body of the strap portion 1304 may form a contact surface. The contact surface may be configured to be positioned against a part of a user’s body and the contact surface utilized to perform a range of exercises.

[0065] According to some embodiments, the handle device 1300 may include a grip cord 1308 connecting the grip 1302 to the strap portion 1304. According to some embodiments, the handle device 1300 may include a first end loop 1306 formed in the first end of the strap portion 1304. The grip cord 1308 may pass through the first end loop 1306. A first end of the grip cord 1308 may be attached to a first end of the grip 1302. A second end of the grip cord 1308 may be attached to a second end of the grip 1302. The grip 1302 may be substantially cylindrical in shape.

[0066] According to some embodiments, the handle device 1300 may include an attachment cord 1310 connecting the strap portion 1304 to the fitness training apparatus. According to some embodiments, the handle device 1300 may include a second end loop 1312 formed in the second end of the strap portion 1304. The attachment cord 1310 passing through the second end loop 1312. A first portion of the attachment cord 1310 may be attached together with a second portion of the attachment cord 1310. The attachment cord 1310 may be attached to the fitness training apparatus. The attachment cord 1310 may be attached to the fitness training apparatus via a quick-release connector (not shown).

[0067] According to some embodiments, the contact surface may be configured to be positioned against a forearm of the user’s body and the contact surface utilized to perform a range of upper body exercises. In some embodiments, the contact surface may be configured to be positioned against an upper surface of the forearm of the user’s body and the contact surface utilized to perform a range of upper body exercises. In some embodiments, the contact surface may be configured to be positioned against a lower surface of the forearm of the user’s body and the contact surface utilized to perform a range of upper body exercises. In some embodiments, the contact surface may be configured for the user to perform a forward rotation of the grip 1302 while in a standing shoulder press position, such that the contact surface is in contact with an upper surface of the user’s forearm.

[0068] According to some embodiments, the strap portion 1304 may be configured for a predetermined resistance. In some embodiments, the strap portion 1304 may stretch when pulled. The strap portion 1304 may return to a relaxed state when released.

[0069] Fig. 20 illustrates an example window 2000 through which a handle device (e.g., handle device 1300) traverses during exercises, according to certain aspects of the disclosure. The handle device may travel along path 2002 within the window 2000. A first bound 2004 and a second bound 2006 may define certain extents of the window 2000. A before-first-bound subrange 2008, an at-first-bound subrange 2010, and an after-first-bound subrange 2012 may be provided with separations at positions 2014 and 2016. By way of non-limiting example, the before-first-bound subrange 2008 may be positioned within the window 2000, the at-first-bound subrange 2010 may be positioned to include the first bound 2004, and the after-first-bound subrange 2012 may be positioned outside the window 2000. A before-second-bound subrange 2018, an at- second-bound subrange 2020, and an after-second-bound subrange 2022 may be provided with separations at positions 2024 and 2026. By way of non-limiting example, the before-second-bound subrange 2018 may be positioned within the window 2000, the at-second-bound subrange 2020 may be positioned to include the second bound 2006, and the after-second-bound subrange 2022 may be positioned outside the window 2000.

[0070] Fig. 21 illustrates a system 2100 configured for calibrating a fitness apparatus and accurately counting exercise repetitions thereon, in accordance with one or more implementations. System 2100 may include one or more computing platforms 2102. Computing platform(s) 2102 may be configured to communicate with one or more remote platforms 2104 according to a client/server architecture, a peer-to-peer architecture, and/or other architectures. Remote platform(s) 2104 may be configured to communicate with other remote platforms via computing platform(s) 2102 and/or according to a client/server architecture, a peer-to-peer architecture, and/or other architectures. Users may access system 2100 via remote platform(s) 2104.

[0071] Computing platform(s) 2102 may be configured by machine-readable instructions 2106. Machine-readable instructions 2106 may include one or more instruction modules. The instruction modules may include computer program modules. The instruction modules may include one or more of window determination module 2108, window revising module 2110, subrange determination module 2112, number determination module 2114, and/or other instruction modules.

[0072] Window determination module 2108 may be configured to, responsive to a user beginning a set of exercise repetitions using the fitness apparatus, determine a first bound of a window of motion through which a handle of the fitness apparatus traverses during a first exercise repetition. The set of exercise repetitions may include a plurality of exercise repetitions, a given exercise repetition including extending and retracting the handle of the fitness apparatus within the window of motion. The window of motion may be approximately 5 centimeters. The window of motion may be approximately 1 meter. The window of motion may be between 5 centimeters and 1 meter.

[0073] One or both of a position and/or a velocity of the handle may be received from a rotary encoder. Determining a given repetition may occur in real time as the user performs the exercise repetitions. Determining a given repetition may ignore small variations in a position of the handle. A small variation of the position of the handle may include position changes of less than 5 centimeters. The first bound may be associated with a starting position for individual exercise repetitions.

[0074] Window determination module 2108 may be configured to, responsive to the user performing a first portion of the first exercise repetition, determine a second bound of the window of motion. The first bound may be a lower bound and the second bound is an upper bound. The first bound may be an upper bound and the second bound is a lower bound. The first portion of the first exercise repetition may include motion in a first direction. The second bound may be associated with an intermediate position for individual exercise repetitions.

[0075] The intermediate position may approximate a position at which the handle of the fitness apparatus reverses directions from the first direction to the second direction.

[0076] Window revising module 2110 may be configured to, responsive to the user performing a second portion of the first exercise repetition, revise the first bound of the window of motion. The second portion of the one or more initial exercise repetitions may include motion in a second direction. The second direction may be opposite the first direction.

[0077] Window revising module 2110 may be configured to, responsive to the user performing a first portion of a second exercise repetition, revise the second bound of the window of motion.

[0078] Window revising module 2110 may be configured to, responsive to the user performing a second portion of the second exercise repetition, revise the second bound of the window of motion.

[0079] Window revising module 2110 may be configured to, responsive to the user performing a first portion of a third exercise repetition, revise the second bound of the window of motion.

[0080] Window revising module 2110 may be configured to, responsive to the user performing a second portion of the third exercise repetition, revise the second bound of the window of motion. [0081] Subrange determination module 2112 may be configured to, responsive to determination of the first bound and the second bound of the window of motion through which the handle of the fitness apparatus traverses during individual exercise repetitions, determine three subranges associated with the first bound, the three subranges including a before-first-bound subrange, an at-first-bound subrange, and an after-first-bound subrange. The at-first-bound subrange may be centered on the first bound. A reversal may be determined to have occurred based on the handle being positioned within the at-first-bound subrange or within the at-second-bound and based on a velocity of the handle breaching a threshold velocity. The velocity of the handle breaching the threshold velocity may be indicative of the handle motion slowing. By way of non-limiting example, the before-first-bound subrange may be positioned within the window of motion, the at-first-bound subrange being positioned to include the first bound, and the after-first-bound subrange being positioned outside the window of motion.

[0082] Subrange determination module 2112 may be configured to, responsive to determination of the first bound and the second bound of the window of motion through which the handle of the fitness apparatus traverses during individual exercise repetitions, determine three subranges associated with the second bound. By way of non-limiting example, the three subranges may include a before-second-bound subrange, an at-second-bound subrange, and an after-second-bound subrange. The at- second-bound subrange may be centered on the second bound. A reversal may be determined to have occurred based on the handle being positioned within the after-first- bound subrange or within the after-second-bound subrange. A reversal may be determined to not have occurred based on the handle being positioned within the before-first-bound subrange or within the before-second-bound subrange.

[0083] By way of non-limiting example, the before-second-bound subrange may be positioned within the window of motion, the at-second-bound subrange being positioned to include the second bound, and the after-second-bound subrange being positioned outside the window of motion.

[0084] Number determination module 2114 may be configured to determine a number of repetitions based on reversals in direction of motion of the handle of the fitness apparatus according to the subranges associated with the bounds of the window of motion.

[0085] In some implementations, computing platform(s) 2102, remote platform(s) 2104, and/or external resources 2116 may be operatively linked via one or more electronic communication links. For example, such electronic communication links may be established, at least in part, via a network such as the Internet and/or other networks. It will be appreciated that this is not intended to be limiting, and that the scope of this disclosure includes implementations in which computing platform(s) 2102, remote platform(s) 2104, and/or external resources 2116 may be operatively linked via some other communication media.

[0086] A given remote platform 2104 may include one or more processors configured to execute computer program modules. The computer program modules may be configured to enable an expert or user associated with the given remote platform 2104 to interface with system 2100 and/or external resources 2116, and/or provide other functionality attributed herein to remote platform(s) 2104. By way of non-limiting example, a given remote platform 2104 and/or a given computing platform 2102 may include one or more of a server, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a handheld computer, a tablet computing platform, a NetBook, a Smartphone, and/or other computing platforms.

[0087] External resources 2116 may include sources of information outside of system 2100, external entities participating with system 2100, and/or other resources. In some implementations, some or all of the functionality attributed herein to external resources 2116 may be provided by resources included in system 2100.

[0088] Computing platform(s) 2102 may include electronic storage 2118, one or more processors 2120, and/or other components. Computing platform(s) 2102 may include communication lines, or ports to enable the exchange of information with a network and/or other computing platforms. Illustration of computing platform(s) 2102 in Fig. 21 is not intended to be limiting. Computing platform(s) 2102 may include a plurality of hardware, software, and/or firmware components operating together to provide the functionality attributed herein to computing platform(s) 2102. For example, computing platform(s) 2102 may be implemented by a cloud of computing platforms operating together as computing platform(s) 2102.

[0089] Electronic storage 2118 may comprise non-transitory storage media that electronically stores information. The electronic storage media of electronic storage 2118 may include one or both of system storage that is provided integrally (i.e., substantially non-removable) with computing platform(s) 2102 and/or removable storage that is removably connectable to computing platform(s) 2102 via, for example, a port (e.g., a USB port, a firewire port, etc.) or a drive (e.g., a disk drive, etc.). Electronic storage 2118 may include one or more of optically readable storage media (e.g., optical disks, etc.), magnetically readable storage media (e.g., magnetic tape, magnetic hard drive, floppy drive, etc.), electrical charge-based storage media (e.g., EEPROM, RAM, etc.), solid-state storage media (e.g., flash drive, etc.), and/or other electronically readable storage media. Electronic storage 2118 may include one or more virtual storage resources (e.g., cloud storage, a virtual private network, and/or other virtual storage resources). Electronic storage 2118 may store software algorithms, information determined by processor(s) 2020, information received from computing platform(s) 2102, information received from remote platform(s) 2104, and/or other information that enables computing platform(s) 2102 to function as described herein.

[0090] Processor(s) 2120 may be configured to provide information processing capabilities in computing platform(s) 2102. As such, processor(s) 2120 may include one or more of a digital processor, an analog processor, a digital circuit designed to process information, an analog circuit designed to process information, a state machine, and/or other mechanisms for electronically processing information. Although processor(s) 2120 is shown in Fig. 21 as a single entity, this is for illustrative purposes only. In some implementations, processor(s) 2120 may include a plurality of processing units. These processing units may be physically located within the same device, or processor(s) 2120 may represent processing functionality of a plurality of devices operating in coordination. Processor(s) 2120 may be configured to execute modules 2108, 2110, 2112, and/or 2114, and/or other modules. Processor(s) 2120 may be configured to execute modules 2108, 2110, 2112, and/or 2114, and/or other modules by software; hardware; firmware; some combination of software, hardware, and/or firmware; and/or other mechanisms for configuring processing capabilities on processor(s) 2120. As used herein, the term "module" may refer to any component or set of components that perform the functionality attributed to the module. This may include one or more physical processors during execution of processor readable instructions, the processor readable instructions, circuitry, hardware, storage media, or any other components.

[0091 ] It should be appreciated that although modules 2108, 2110, 2112, and/or 2114 are illustrated in Fig. 21 as being implemented within a single processing unit, in implementations in which processor(s) 2120 includes multiple processing units, one or more of modules 2108, 2110, 2112, and/or 2114 may be implemented remotely from the other modules. The description of the functionality provided by the different modules 2108, 2110, 2112, and/or 2114 described below is for illustrative purposes, and is not intended to be limiting, as any of modules 2108, 2110, 2112, and/or 2114 may provide more or less functionality than is described. For example, one or more of modules 2108, 2110, 2112, and/or 2114 may be eliminated, and some or all of its functionality may be provided by other ones of modules 2108, 2110, 2112, and/or 2114. As another example, processor(s) 2120 may be configured to execute one or more additional modules that may perform some or all of the functionality attributed below to one of modules 2108, 2110, 2112, and/or 2114.

[0092] Figs. 22A and 22B illustrate an example flow diagram of a method 2200 for calibrating a fitness apparatus and accurately counting exercise repetitions thereon, in accordance with one or more implementations. The operations of method 2200 presented below are intended to be illustrative. In some implementations, method 2200 may be accomplished with one or more additional operations not described, and/or without one or more of the operations discussed. Additionally, the order in which the operations of method 2200 are illustrated in Fig. 22 and described below is not intended to be limiting.

[0093] In some implementations, method 2200 may be implemented in one or more processing devices (e.g., a digital processor, an analog processor, a digital circuit designed to process information, an analog circuit designed to process information, a state machine, and/or other mechanisms for electronically processing information). The one or more processing devices may include one or more devices executing some or all of the operations of method 2200 in response to instructions stored electronically on an electronic storage medium. The one or more processing devices may include one or more devices configured through hardware, firmware, and/or software to be specifically designed for execution of one or more of the operations of method 2200.

[0094] An operation 2202 may include responsive to a user beginning a set of exercise repetitions using the fitness apparatus, determining a first bound of a window of motion through which a handle of the fitness apparatus traverses during a first exercise repetition. The first bound may be associated with a starting position for individual exercise repetitions. Operation 2202 may be performed by one or more hardware processors configured by machine-readable instructions including a module that is the same as or similar to window determination module 2108, in accordance with one or more implementations.

[0095] An operation 2204 may include responsive to the user performing a first portion of the first exercise repetition, determining a second bound of the window of motion. The first portion of the first exercise repetition may include motion in a first direction. The second bound may be associated with an intermediate position for individual exercise repetitions. Operation 2204 may be performed by one or more hardware processors configured by machine-readable instructions including a module that is the same as or similar to window determination module 2108, in accordance with one or more implementations.

[0096] An operation 2206 may include responsive to the user performing a second portion of the first exercise repetition, revising the first bound of the window of motion. The second portion of the one or more initial exercise repetitions may include motion in a second direction. The second direction may be opposite the first direction. Operation 2206 may be performed by one or more hardware processors configured by machine- readable instructions including a module that is the same as or similar to window revising module 2110, in accordance with one or more implementations.

[0097] An operation 2208 may include responsive to the user performing a first portion of a second exercise repetition, revising the second bound of the window of motion. Operation 2208 may be performed by one or more hardware processors configured by machine-readable instructions including a module that is the same as or similar to window revising module 2110, in accordance with one or more implementations. [0098] An operation 2210 may include responsive to the user performing a second portion of the second exercise repetition, revising the second bound of the window of motion. Operation 2210 may be performed by one or more hardware processors configured by machine-readable instructions including a module that is the same as or similar to window revising module 2110, in accordance with one or more implementations.

[0099] An operation 2212 may include responsive to determination of the first bound and the second bound of the window of motion through which the handle of the fitness apparatus traverses during individual exercise repetitions, determining three subranges associated with the first bound, the three subranges including a before-first-bound subrange, an at-first-bound subrange, and an after-first-bound subrange. The before- first-bound subrange may be positioned within the window of motion, the at-first-bound subrange being positioned to include the first bound, and the after-first-bound subrange being positioned outside the window of motion. Operation 2212 may be performed by one or more hardware processors configured by machine-readable instructions including a module that is the same as or similar to subrange determination module 2112, in accordance with one or more implementations.

[00100] An operation 2214 may include responsive to determination of the first bound and the second bound of the window of motion through which the handle of the fitness apparatus traverses during individual exercise repetitions, determining three subranges associated with the second bound. The three subranges may include a before-second- bound subrange, an at-second-bound subrange, and an after-second-bound subrange. The before-second-bound subrange may be positioned within the window of motion, the at-second-bound subrange being positioned to include the second bound, and the after- second-bound subrange being positioned outside the window of motion. Operation 2214 may be performed by one or more hardware processors configured by machine- readable instructions including a module that is the same as or similar to subrange determination module 2112, in accordance with one or more implementations.

[00101] An operation 2216 may include determining a number of repetitions based on reversals in direction of motion of the handle of the fitness apparatus according to the subranges associated with the bounds of the window of motion. Operation 2216 may be performed by one or more hardware processors configured by machine-readable instructions including a module that is the same as or similar to number determination module 2114, in accordance with one or more implementations.

[00102] An operation 2218 may include further including, responsive to the user performing a first portion of a third exercise repetition, revising the second bound of the window of motion. Operation 2218 may be performed by one or more hardware processors configured by machine-readable instructions including a module that is the same as or similar to window revising module 2110, in accordance with one or more implementations.

[00103] An operation 2220 may include further including, responsive to the user performing a second portion of the third exercise repetition, revising the second bound of the window of motion. Operation 2220 may be performed by one or more hardware processors configured by machine-readable instructions including a module that is the same as or similar to window revising module 2110, in accordance with one or more implementations.

[00104] Fig. 23 illustrates an example force-velocity function 2300 for dynamically adjusting force applied by a fitness apparatus, in according to certain aspects. In the plot of Fig. 23, the vertical axis represents change in force as a function of velocity (i.e. , the horizontal axis). The flat lines on either end represent the maximum rate of change in force. Force increases with velocity in both phases since higher velocity represents more “upward” movement. In eccentric phase, velocities will be negative since cables are moving downwards. In this case, higher velocity means lower speed of downwards movement.

[00105] Fig. 24 illustrates a system 2400 configured for dynamically adjusting force applied by a fitness apparatus, in accordance with one or more implementations. In some implementations, system 2400 may include one or more computing platforms 2402. Computing platform(s) 2402 may be configured to communicate with one or more remote platforms 2404 according to a client/server architecture, a peer-to-peer architecture, and/or other architectures. Remote platform(s) 2404 may be configured to communicate with other remote platforms via computing platform(s) 2402 and/or according to a client/server architecture, a peer-to-peer architecture, and/or other architectures. Users may access system 2400 via remote platform(s) 2404. [00106] Computing platform(s) 2402 may be configured by machine-readable instructions 2406. Machine-readable instructions 2406 may include one or more instruction modules. The instruction modules may include computer program modules. The instruction modules may include one or more of target velocity window obtaining module 2408, force adjusting module 2410, and/or other instruction modules.

[00107] Target velocity window obtaining module 2408 may be configured to obtain a first bound and a second bound of a window of target velocity experienced by a handle of the fitness apparatus during a first exercise repetition of a set of exercise repetitions. The first bound and the second bound may be obtained responsive to a user beginning the set of exercise repetitions using the fitness apparatus. The first bound may be associated with a first velocity. The second bound may be associated with a second velocity. The first velocity may be greater than the second velocity.

[00108] Outside of the target velocity window, the force applied through the handle of the fitness apparatus may be adjusted to make the first exercise repetition easier or harder to guide the velocity of the handle back towards the target velocity window as a user slows down or speeds up in response to the change in force. The force may be adjusted periodically through the first exercise repetition. The force may be adjusted fifty times or more per second. The force may be adjusted according to a current phase (e.g., concentric or eccentric) and current velocity.

[00109] Force adjusting module 2410 may be configured to, responsive to a velocity of the handle during a concentric phase of the first exercise repetition breaching a threshold associated with the first velocity, adjust up a force applied through the handle of the fitness apparatus. The concentric phase may be associated with a first forcevelocity function. The concentric phase of the first exercise repetition may involve engaged muscles of a user contracting. The concentric phase of the first exercise repetition may include an extension of the handle of the exercise apparatus. Adjusting up the force may include ramping up the force proximate to the first bound of the window of target velocity. Adjusting up the force may make the first exercise repetition more difficult.

[00110] Force adjusting module 2410 may be configured to, responsive to the velocity of the handle during the concentric phase of the first exercise repetition breaching a threshold associated with the second velocity, adjust down the force applied through the handle of the fitness apparatus. Adjusting down the force may include ramping down the force proximate to the second bound of the window of target velocity. Adjusting down the force may make the first exercise repetition easier.

[00111] Force adjusting module 2410 may be configured to, responsive to the velocity of the handle during an eccentric phase of the first exercise repetition breaching a threshold associated with a negative of the first velocity, adjust up a force applied through the handle of the fitness apparatus. The eccentric phase of the first exercise repetition may involve engaged muscles of a user lengthening. The eccentric phase of the first exercise repetition may include a retraction of the handle of the exercise apparatus. The eccentric phase may be associated with a second force-velocity function. The first velocity function may be different from the second force-velocity function. The velocity of the handle of the exercise apparatus may be negative during the eccentric phase of the first exercise repetition.

[00112] Force adjusting module 2410 may be configured to, responsive to the velocity of the handle during the eccentric phase of the first exercise repetition breaching a second threshold associated with a negative of the second velocity, adjust down the force applied through the handle of the fitness apparatus.

[00113] According to some implementations, responsive to the velocity of the handle equalling zero during the concentric phase of the first exercise repetition. The force applied through the handle of the exercise apparatus may be decreased. Responsive to the velocity of the handle equalling zero during the eccentric phase of the first exercise repetition. The force applied through the handle of the exercise apparatus may be increased.

[00114] In some implementations, computing platform(s) 2402, remote platform(s) 2404, and/or external resources 2412 may be operatively linked via one or more electronic communication links. For example, such electronic communication links may be established, at least in part, via a network such as the Internet and/or other networks. It will be appreciated that this is not intended to be limiting, and that the scope of this disclosure includes implementations in which computing platform(s) 2402, remote platform(s) 2404, and/or external resources 2412 may be operatively linked via some other communication media.

[00115] A given remote platform 2404 may include one or more processors configured to execute computer program modules. The computer program modules may be configured to enable an expert or user associated with the given remote platform 2404 to interface with system 2400 and/or external resources 2412, and/or provide other functionality attributed herein to remote platform(s) 2404. By way of non-limiting example, a given remote platform 2404 and/or a given computing platform 2402 may include one or more of a server, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a handheld computer, a tablet computing platform, a NetBook, a Smartphone, a gaming console, and/or other computing platforms.

[00116] External resources 2412 may include sources of information outside of system 2400, external entities participating with system 2400, and/or other resources. In some implementations, some or all of the functionality attributed herein to external resources 2412 may be provided by resources included in system 2400.

[00117] Computing platform(s) 2402 may include electronic storage 2414, one or more processors 2416, and/or other components. Computing platform(s) 2402 may include communication lines, or ports to enable the exchange of information with a network and/or other computing platforms. Illustration of computing platform(s) 2402 in Fig. 24 is not intended to be limiting. Computing platform(s) 2402 may include a plurality of hardware, software, and/or firmware components operating together to provide the functionality attributed herein to computing platform(s) 2402. For example, computing platform(s) 2402 may be implemented by a cloud of computing platforms operating together as computing platform(s) 2402.

[00118] Electronic storage 2414 may comprise non-transitory storage media that electronically stores information. The electronic storage media of electronic storage 2414 may include one or both of system storage that is provided integrally (i.e., substantially non-removable) with computing platform(s) 2402 and/or removable storage that is removably connectable to computing platform(s) 2402 via, for example, a port (e.g., a USB port, a firewire port, etc.) or a drive (e.g., a disk drive, etc.). Electronic storage 2414 may include one or more of optically readable storage media (e.g., optical disks, etc.), magnetically readable storage media (e.g., magnetic tape, magnetic hard drive, floppy drive, etc.), electrical charge-based storage media (e.g., EEPROM, RAM, etc.), solid-state storage media (e.g., flash drive, etc.), and/or other electronically readable storage media. Electronic storage 2414 may include one or more virtual storage resources (e.g., cloud storage, a virtual private network, and/or other virtual storage resources). Electronic storage 2414 may store software algorithms, information determined by processor(s) 2416, information received from computing platform(s) 2402, information received from remote platform(s) 2404, and/or other information that enables computing platform(s) 2402 to function as described herein.

[00119] Processor(s) 2416 may be configured to provide information processing capabilities in computing platform(s) 2402. As such, processor(s) 2416 may include one or more of a digital processor, an analog processor, a digital circuit designed to process information, an analog circuit designed to process information, a state machine, and/or other mechanisms for electronically processing information. Although processor(s) 2416 is shown in Fig. 24 as a single entity, this is for illustrative purposes only. In some implementations, processor(s) 2416 may include a plurality of processing units. These processing units may be physically located within the same device, or processor(s) 2416 may represent processing functionality of a plurality of devices operating in coordination. Processor(s) 2416 may be configured to execute modules 2408 and/or 2410, and/or other modules. Processor(s) 2416 may be configured to execute modules 2408 and/or 2410, and/or other modules by software; hardware; firmware; some combination of software, hardware, and/or firmware; and/or other mechanisms for configuring processing capabilities on processor(s) 2416. As used herein, the term “module” may refer to any component or set of components that perform the functionality attributed to the module. This may include one or more physical processors during execution of processor readable instructions, the processor readable instructions, circuitry, hardware, storage media, or any other components.

[00120] It should be appreciated that although modules 2408 and/or 2410 are illustrated in Fig. 24 as being implemented within a single processing unit, in implementations in which processor(s) 2416 includes multiple processing units, one or more of modules 2408 and/or 2410 may be implemented remotely from the other modules. The description of the functionality provided by the different modules 2408 and/or 2410 described below is for illustrative purposes, and is not intended to be limiting, as any of modules 2408 and/or 2410 may provide more or less functionality than is described. For example, one or more of modules 2408 and/or 2410 may be eliminated, and some or all of its functionality may be provided by other ones of modules 2408 and/or 2410. As another example, processor(s) 2416 may be configured to execute one or more additional modules that may perform some or all of the functionality attributed below to one of modules 2408 and/or 2410.

[00121] Fig. 25 illustrates an example flow diagram of a method 2500 for dynamically adjusting force applied by a fitness apparatus, in accordance with one or more implementations. The operations of method 2500 presented below are intended to be illustrative. In some implementations, method 2500 may be accomplished with one or more additional operations not described, and/or without one or more of the operations discussed. Additionally, the order in which the operations of method 2500 are illustrated in Fig. 25 and described below is not intended to be limiting.

[00122] In some implementations, method 2500 may be implemented in one or more processing devices (e.g., a digital processor, an analog processor, a digital circuit designed to process information, an analog circuit designed to process information, a state machine, and/or other mechanisms for electronically processing information). The one or more processing devices may include one or more devices executing some or all of the operations of method 2500 in response to instructions stored electronically on an electronic storage medium. The one or more processing devices may include one or more devices configured through hardware, firmware, and/or software to be specifically designed for execution of one or more of the operations of method 2500.

[00123] At step 2502, the method 2500 may include obtaining a first bound and a second bound of a window of target velocity experienced by a handle of the fitness apparatus during a first exercise repetition of a set of exercise repetitions, through target velocity window obtaining module 2408. The first bound may be associated with a first velocity. The second bound may be associated with a second velocity. The first velocity may be greater than the second velocity.

[00124] At step 2504, the method 2500 may include, responsive to a velocity of the handle during a concentric phase of the first exercise repetition breaching a threshold associated with the first velocity, adjusting up a force applied through the handle of the fitness apparatus, through force adjusting module 2410.

[00125] At step 2506, the method 2500 may include, responsive to the velocity of the handle during the concentric phase of the first exercise repetition breaching a threshold associated with the second velocity, adjusting down the force applied through the handle of the fitness apparatus, through force adjusting module 2410.

[00126] At step 2508, the method 2500 may include, responsive to the velocity of the handle during an eccentric phase of the first exercise repetition breaching a threshold associated with a negative of the first velocity, adjusting up a force applied through the handle of the fitness apparatus, through force adjusting module 2410.

[00127] At step 2510, the method 2500 may include, responsive to the velocity of the handle during the eccentric phase of the first exercise repetition breaching a second threshold associated with a negative of the second velocity, adjusting down the force applied through the handle of the fitness apparatus, through force adjusting module 2410.

[00128] While the present invention described above will be understood to be directly applicable to use in the health and fitness sector, it will also be appreciated that they will be applicable or useful in the field of physical rehabilitation (e.g. following surgery or recovery from accident), as well as in the field of research, especially in relation to biomechanics and sport science.

[00129] Although specific embodiments of the invention are illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated by persons of ordinary skill in the art that a variety of alternative and/or equivalent implementations exist. It should be appreciated that each exemplary embodiment is an example only and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration in any way. Rather, the foregoing summary and detailed description will provide those skilled in the art with a convenient road map for implementing at least one exemplary embodiment, it being understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements described in an exemplary embodiment without departing from the scope as set forth in the appended claims and their legal equivalents. Generally, this application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the specific embodiments discussed herein. [00130] It will also be appreciated that the terms "comprise", "comprising", "include", "including", "contain", "containing", "have", "having", and any variations thereof, used in this document are intended to be understood in an inclusive (i.e. non-exclusive) sense, such that the process, method, device, apparatus, or system described herein is not limited to those features, integers, parts, elements, or steps recited but may include other features, integers, parts, elements, or steps not expressly listed and/or inherent to such process, method, process, method, device, apparatus, or system. Furthermore, the terms "a" and "an" used herein are intended to be understood as meaning one or more unless explicitly stated otherwise. Moreover, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are used merely as labels, and are not intended to impose numerical requirements on or to establish a certain ranking of importance of their objects. In addition, reference to positional terms, such as “lower” and “upper”, used in the above description are to be taken in context of the embodiments depicted in the figures, and are not to be taken as limiting the invention to the literal interpretation of the term but rather as would be understood by the skilled addressee in the appropriate context.

Claims

Claims:

1. A coupling device for connecting a handle or other accessory to a fitness training apparatus, comprising: a head having a pin with a catch; a body having a mating portion to receive the pin of the head therein and form a mating connection between the head and the body; at least one latch in the mating portion of the body, the at least one latch locking into the catch on the pin to removably secure the mating connection between the head and the body; and a first attachment on either of the head or the body, to connect a retractable line of the fitness training apparatus.

2. The coupling device of claim 1 , further comprising a second attachment on either of the head or the body, the second attachment to connect the handle or other accessory of the fitness training apparatus.

3. The coupling device of claim 2, wherein the second attachment is an opening formed through the head.

4. The coupling device of claim 2, wherein the second attachment is formed as part of the handle or other accessory of the fitness training apparatus.

5. The coupling device of claim 1 , wherein the head is provided on a base of the fitness training apparatus.

6. The coupling device of claim 1 , further comprising a webbing material to attach the head to a handle or other accessory of the fitness training apparatus.

7. The coupling device of claim 1 , wherein the retractable line is provided already connected to the first attachment.

8. The coupling device of claim 1 , further comprising a hook formed on the catch of the pin to tighten the catch against the latch when a pulling force is applied to the pin.

9. The coupling device of claim 1 , further comprising at least one biasing element in the mating portion of the body, the at least one biasing element providing a biasing force against the at least one latch to retain the at least one latch in a closed position.

10. The coupling device of claim 1 , further comprising: a separator in the mating portion of the body; a sleeve around at least a portion of an outside of the body, the sleeve connected through the body to the separator in the mating portion of the body.

11. The coupling device of claim 10, wherein the separator is movable by the sleeve against the at least one latch to open the at least one latch against the biasing force of the biasing element.

12. The coupling device of claim 10, wherein the separator is a wedge.

13. The coupling device of claim 10, wherein the at least one biasing mechanism is at least one spring.

14. The coupling device of claim 1 , wherein the first attachment comprises a cavity formed in a core of the body to retain an end of the retractable line of the fitness training apparatus.

15. The coupling device of claim 14, further comprising an opening formed through the core of the body and into the cavity, wherein a diameter of the opening is smaller than a diameter of the cavity.

16. The coupling device of claim 15, further comprising a tapered passage between the opening and the cavity.

17. The coupling device of claim 16, wherein the retractable line of the fitness training apparatus extends through the opening formed through the core of the body, the retractable line further extends through the tapered passage and into the cavity formed in the core of the body to be retained within the cavity of the body.

18. The coupling device of claim 1 , wherein the catch is an indent formed in the pin.

19. The coupling device of claim 1 , wherein the sleeve extends around a full outer circumference of the body.

20. The coupling device of claim 1 , further comprising a top plate for an upper portion of the body, wherein the at least one latch is installed into the mating portion of the body before assembling the top plate onto the upper portion of the body.

21 . The coupling device of claim 20, wherein a knotted end of the retractable line of the fitness training apparatus is installed into the body before installing the at least one latch into the mating portion of the body and before assembling the top plate onto the upper portion of the body.

22. The coupling device of claim 20, wherein the top plate is removable for servicing the at least one latch and/or the retractable line of the fitness training apparatus.

23. The coupling device of claim 20, wherein the top plate is threaded onto the upper portion of the body.