WO2023085911A1

WO2023085911A1 - Cartesian device for performing stereotactic surgery

Info

Publication number: WO2023085911A1
Application number: PCT/MX2022/050093
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jesús Raúl BELTRÁN RAMÍREZ; José Ángel DOMÍNGUEZ RAMÍREZ; Jonathan De Jesús MARTÍNEZ MENDOZA; Jovan Ricardo ZEPEDA GÓMEZ; Tzintli MERAZ MEDINA
Original assignee: Beltran Ramirez Jesus Raul
Priority date: 2021-11-11
Filing date: 2022-10-18
Publication date: 2023-05-19

Abstract

The present invention describes a Cartesian device for performing stereotactic surgery, which comprises linear actuators for securing the skull of an animal and an integrated securing mechanism comprising a muzzle at the end thereof. The combination of these two elements provides greater stability to the head of a rodent during surgery. Another feature of the device of the invention is that it comprises a plurality of endless screws that enable a surgical instrument to move along the axes of the Cartesian plane, allowing access to any point of the brain of the rodent, and the endless screws allow the position to be fixed without variations to the adjustment made. The Cartesian device for performing stereotactic surgery also comprises a mechanism having foldable feet, which allows easier storage because less space is occupied in a particular place. In addition, the feet comprise suction cups that provide greater stability during use.

Description

CARTESIAN DEVICE FOR PERFORMING STEREOTAXIC SURGERY

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is related to the technical field of mechanics, electronics, medical devices, neuroscience and more specifically with stereotactic surgery, since it provides a Cartesian device to perform stereotaxic surgery.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Stereotaxic surgery is a sophisticated neurosurgical technique that allows access to deep areas of the brain using a biopsy needle. Through this needle, it is possible to take samples of the brain, brain lesions or evacuate liquid contents with absolute precision, as well as implant electrodes or cannulas in order to explore brain function. It is only necessary to drill a trephine in the skull to be able to insert the needle.

These procedures have made it possible to identify neuroanatomical and neurochemical circuits involved in the functioning of the brain, as well as in neurological alterations (epilepsy, movement disorders and neurodegenerative diseases), learning and memory problems, emotional and affective alterations. In addition , they have made it possible to explore the potential therapeutic effect and the mechanisms of action of substances capable of being used for the treatment of the aforementioned conditions . The devices for practicing stereotaxic surgery work at three Cartesian coordinates (X, Y and Z) which, when introduced into the device, lead us with absolute precision to the specific point of the brain that requires intervention.

This procedure makes it possible to reach areas of the brain that would be inaccessible by open surgery.

The beginnings of stereotaxic neurosurgery for animal experimentation go back to the beginning of the 20th century. In 1908, the neurosurgeon Sir Victor Horsley and the psychologist Robert H. Clarke , both from University College Hospital in London , introduced this method based on the implementation of a framework that allowed to approach various structures of the brain of animals through the three - dimensional system of spatial coordinates .

Currently , the technique of stereotaxic neurosurgery in animals , and especially in rodents , is widely disseminated in the field of neurosciences , given the possibility of manipulating various brain structures causing minimal parenchymal lesions . Although it serves such diverse purposes as the immediate intracerebral injection of various agents, the taking of biopsies, and the placement of electrodes, among others, it is commonly used for the placement of cannulas through which it can be performed. the administration of active principles not immediately, but delayed in the post-surgical time.

Despite its wide diffusion, in practice it has been observed that basic errors are frequently made in the execution of stereotaxic surgery for placement of intracranial cannulas, fundamentally by the newly initiated.

Instruments designed for this purpose were successively refined until improved devices for stereotaxic neurosurgery in animals appeared in the 1930s, which have undergone little change to date in terms of their essential foundations.

A search was made for the state of the art of Cartesian devices to perform stereotaxic surgery, where it was found that different devices have been developed for this purpose, as mentioned in the United States of America patent document number US 6716220 ( B2), with publication date of April 6, 2004, which has the title "STEREOTAXIC SUPPORTS, STEREOTAXIC ALIGNMENT SYSTEMS THAT COMPRISE THEM AND METHODS TO USE THEM" where devices and methods for holding the body of a subject are mentioned. eto (or body part, usually referred to as a "body") in a desired stereotaxic orientation with respect to a known reference point, in three-dimensional space, where a reference X-axis, a reference Y-axis, and a reference axis Reference Z intersect each other. The reference point can be placed together with a target point on or in the subject's body to place the body in a reference position used in a corresponding anatomical atlas or other location index. With the body thus positioned, a probe or other tool can be inserted into the body at a desired location with high precision (by hitting the desired location). The methods and apparatus have special utility in diagnostic and surgical interventions, including interventions involving the central nervous system enclosed in the surrounding skull or the like.

The United States of America patent document number US 6331180 (Bl) was also found, with a publication date of December 18, 2001, which has the title "STEREOTACTIC SURGICAL ARC SYSTEM FOCUSED ON THE TARGET WITH REORIENTABLE ARC AXIS" which describes an arc system that provides spherical radii from a multiplicity of directions depending on the angles of rotation of the arc. All radii converge to the target point, hence the name target-centered arc. Implying a new target-centered arc concept, in which the rotational access of the two trunnions and their own connected arc can be varied in orientation, resulting in an unprecedented wide range of approaches to any target. anatomical , and great versatility of the arch system in surgery .

The previously cited documents refer to stereotaxic supports with surgical alignment systems, but there is no evidence that they have linear actuators to hold the skull of an animal, nor do they describe having a muzzle that allows greater security to hold it. These documents do not show having endless screws to have greater precision when inserting the needle into the skull, in addition to not making reference to having legs that are foldable for better storage when not in use. Observe that they do not describe having suction cups on their legs to give greater firmness when these systems are used. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is to provide a Cartesian device for performing stereotaxic surgery, which allows holding an animal by means of actuators, and which has a muzzle to ensure that the animal is immobilized in its entirety.

An additional object of the present invention is to provide a Cartesian device for performing stereotaxic surgery, which has a plurality of endless screws that provide greater precision for the insertion of needles into the skull.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a Cartesian device for performing stereotaxic surgery, which has foldable legs for storage, which have suction cups at the bottom to give greater firmness when said device is used.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The characteristic details of this novel Cartesian device for performing stereotaxic surgery are clearly shown in the following description and in the accompanying figures, as well as an illustration thereof, and following the same reference signs to indicate the parts shown. However , said figures are shown by way of example and should not be considered as limiting for the present invention . Figure 1 shows a front perspective view of the Cartesian device for performing stereotaxic surgery.

Figure 2 shows a bottom perspective view of the Cartesian device for performing stereotaxic surgery.

Figure 3 shows a detailed view of the muzzle and the worm screws of the Cartesian device for performing stereotaxic surgery.

Figure 4 shows a detailed view of the legs of the Cartesian device for performing stereotaxic surgery.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

For a better understanding of the invention, the parts that make up the Cartesian device for performing stereotaxic surgery are listed below:

1. Structure

2. Opening

3. traversed

4. Slot

5. Horizontal support

6. Groove

7. Leg

8. Fixing medium

9. Clamping module

10.base

11. Trim

12. Muzzle support

13. Muzzle

14. Adjustment screw

15. Horizontal base 16. Actuator

17. Slit

18. Endless

19. Cartesian module

20. Guide base

21. Horizontal guide

22. Horizontal auger

23. Vertical guide

24. Vertical auger

25. Supports

26. Extension bracket

27. Extension

28. Holding means

29. Instrument

30. Arm

With reference to the figures, the Cartesian device for performing stereotaxic surgery is made up of a structure (1) which is preferably irregular in shape, and which has an opening (2) in the shape of an inverted "U" on its front part; a crossbar (3) is installed between the middle part of the opening (2) and the middle part of the rear face of the structure (1); A slot (4) is located in the lower part of the structure (1), preferably on the sides of the front part and the sides of the rear part of said structure (1).

Primary articulation means (not illustrated) are installed at the lateral ends of each of the slots (4), which are configured to fix horizontal supports (5) at one of their ends; a groove (6) is located at the bottom of each of the horizontal supports (5); some secondary articulation means (not illustrated) are installed at the opposite end of each of the horizontal supports (5) in which the primary articulation means (not illustrated) is located, which are configured to be installed at one end a leg (7) ; The secondary articulation means (not shown) allow the legs (7) to be folded or unfolded in the grooves (6), and later, the horizontal supports (5) can be folded or unfolded through the primary articulation means (not shown) in the slots. (4) for storage or use of the Cartesian device to perform stereotaxic surgery.

A means of fixing (8) which is preferably a suction cup, is installed in the lower part of each of the legs (7), which is configured to fix the structure (1) on a flat surface and give firmness to the Cartesian device for performing stereotaxic surgery.

A clamping module (9) is installed in the front part of the upper face of the crossbar (3), which is made up of a base (10) that is prismatic in shape, preferably quadrangular; a cutout (11) is located in the front part of the base (10) passing through to the rear part of said base (10); a muzzle support (12) is installed inside the cutout (11); a muzzle (13) is installed in the front part of the muzzle support (12); an adjustment screw (14) is installed on one side of the base (10), passing through said base from end to end holding the muzzle support (12) from the rear middle part; a horizontal base (15) is installed in the lower part of the front face of the base (10) under the cutout (11), This configuration allows the head of an animal to be placed on the horizontal base (15), subsequently leveling and adjusting the height of the muzzle (13) to the height of the animal's snout that is in the Cartesian device to perform stereotaxic surgery; The muzzle (13) is preferably tubular in the shape of a "T" with an arch at its front end.

At least one actuator (16), which is preferably linear, is installed on each side of the opening (2) at the height of the horizontal base (15); a holding element (not illustrated) that is preferably conical in shape and covered with a soft material, is installed at the tip of the actuator rods (16). This configuration allows the skull of the animal in question to be held and immobilized for its intervention .

A power source (not illustrated) is installed in the lower part of the structure (1), which is configured to power the actuators (16); the power source (not illustrated) may be a rechargeable battery, a disposable battery, or direct current.

A slot (17) is located in the central part of the crossbar (3), positioned at the rear of the fastening module (9), crossing from the upper part of said crossbar (3) to its lower part; an auger (18) is installed horizontally, in the middle part of the slot (17); A Cartesian module (19) is installed in the slot (17) holding onto the auger (18) from its lower part. This configuration allows the Cartesian module (19) to be moved towards the front or rear of the structure (1). . A guide base (20) that is preferably irregular in shape, has at least two holes (not illustrated), where one is located horizontally on the rear side of said guide base (20) traversing it from side to side, and the other hole (not illustrated) is vertically traversing from the top to the bottom of the guide base (20); at least two perforations (not illustrated) which preferably have an internal chord, are found parallel to each one of the holes (not illustrated) of the guide base (20).

A horizontal guide (21) is installed in the hole (not illustrated) that is located on the side of the guide base (20) protruding from the sides of said guide base (20); a horizontal auger (22) is installed in the perforation (not illustrated) found on the side of the guide base (20) protruding equidistantly from the horizontal guide (21); a vertical guide (23) is installed in the hole (not illustrated) located in the upper part of the guide base (20), protruding from the upper and lower part of said guide base (20); a vertical auger (24) is installed in the perforation (not illustrated) found in the upper part of the guide base (20), protruding equidistantly from the vertical guide (23); Some supports (25) are installed at each of the ends of the horizontal guide (21) holding the horizontal auger (22), as well as at each of the ends of the vertical guide (23) holding the vertical auger (24). ) .

An arm (30) that is preferably "L" shaped, is installed on one of the sides, on the upper part of the Cartesian module (19), which is configured to hold the support (25) located at one of the ends of the horizontal guide (21) and the horizontal auger (22) on its front part, which allows the guide base to have a horizontal movement or in the X axis".

An extension support (26) is installed in the front part of the support (25) which is located in the lower part of the vertical guide (23); an extension (27) is installed at one of its ends in the front part of the extension support (26), and a fastening means (28) is installed at the opposite end of the extension (27); The fastening means (28) is preferably threaded and is configured to install an instrument (29) with which the skull of the animal that is in the Cartesian device is going to be intervened to perform stereotaxic surgery.

The horizontal guide (21) and the horizontal auger (22) are configured to move the instrument (29) horizontally or in the "X" axis; the vertical guide (23) and the vertical auger (24) are configured to allow a vertical movement or in the "Y" axis of the instrument (29).

The primary articulation means (not shown) and the secondary articulation means (not shown) can be hinges, bolts, hinges and/or a combination of the above.

The actuators (16) can be pneumatic, electric, hydraulic, servo-pneumatic or a combination of the above. The horizontal guide (21) and the vertical guide (23) are preferably cylindrical in shape.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

examples

The following examples illustrate a preferred way of how to carry out the implementation of the present invention, so they should not be considered as limiting the same.

Example 1. Arming and preparation of the rodent to intervene with the Cartesian device to perform stereotaxic surgery.

With reference to the aforementioned figures, the horizontal supports (5) that are inside the slots (4) are unfolded until they are fully extended, positioning them horizontally, then the legs (7) that are inside are unfolded. of the grooves (6) of the lower part of the horizontal supports (5) until they are placed in a vertical position, the Cartesian device is placed to perform stereotaxic surgery on a flat surface, to give firmness and avoid movements it is secured with the means of f i ation ( 8 ) .

A rodent is placed in the opening (2) positioning the head on the horizontal base (15) and the muzzle (12) is placed on the rodent's snout to hold it, later with the adjustment screw (14) it is ensured that said muzzle (12) have no movement. The power supply (not shown) is activated to turn on the actuators (16) and the clamping element (not shown) holds the rodent's head from the sides and give greater firmness to the rodent's hold.

The instrument (29) to be used for the intervention on the rodent's skull is placed in the holding means (28); Subsequently, the auger (18) is adjusted on the "Z" axis at the distance indicated for the intervention of the skull, followed by the adjustment of the "X" axis by means of the horizontal auger (22), and finally it is lowered the instrument (29) in the "Y" axis by means of the vertical auger (24).

Once the intervention on the rodent is finished, the instrument (29) is removed by moving the vertical auger (24) upwards, then the adjustment screw (14) is loosened to release the muzzle (13) and the actuators (16) are activated. ) to release the head of said rodent and remove it from the Cartesian device to perform stereotaxic surgery and said device is removed from the surface, releasing the fixation means (8). Finally, the legs (7) are folded, inserting them into the groove (6) and then the horizontal supports (5) are folded, inserting them into the slots (4).

The invention has been sufficiently described so that a person with average knowledge in the matter can reproduce and obtain the results that we mention in the present invention. However, any person skilled in the field of the technique that the present invention is competent may be able to make modifications not described in the present application, however, if for the application of these modifications in a determined structure or in the manufacturing process of this, the matter claimed in the following claims is required, said structures should be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims

CLAIMS. A Cartesian device for performing stereotaxic surgery, characterized in that it comprises: a structure (1) having an opening

(2) on its front side; a crossbar

(3) is installed between the middle part of the opening (2) and the middle part of the back of the structure (1); a slot (4) is located in the lower part of the structure (1) preferably on the sides of the front part and the sides of the rear part of said structure (1); primary articulation means are installed at the lateral ends of each of the slots

(4) ; horizontal supports (5) are installed at one of their ends in each of the primary articulation means; a groove (6) is located at the bottom of each of the horizontal supports (5); secondary articulation means are installed at the opposite end of each of the horizontal supports

(5) in which the primary means of articulation is located; legs (7) are installed at one of their ends in each of the secondary articulation means; a fixing means (8) is installed in the lower part of each of the legs (7); a clamping module (9) is installed in the front part of the upper face of the crossbar (3) which is made up of a base (10); a cutout (11) is located in the front part of the base (10) passing through to the rear part of said base (10); a muzzle support (12) is installed inside the cutout (11); a muzzle (13) is installed in the front part of the muzzle support (12); an adjustment screw (14) is installed on one side of the base (10), passing through said end base at the end holding the muzzle support (12) from the rear middle part; a horizontal base (15) is installed in the lower part of the front face of the base (10) under the cutout (11); at least one actuator (16) is installed on each side of the opening (2) at the height of the horizontal base (15); a fastening element is installed at the tip of the actuator stems (16); a power supply is installed in the lower part of the structure (1); a slot (17) is located in the central part of the crossbar (3), positioned at the rear of the clamping module (9), crossing from the top of said crossbar (3) to its bottom; an auger (18) is installed horizontally, in the middle part of the slot (17); a Cartesian module (19) is installed in the slot (17) holding onto the worm (18) from its lower part; A guide base (20) has at least two holes, where one is horizontally on the rear side of said guide base (20) crossing it from side to side, and the other hole is vertical. crossing from the top to the bottom of the guide base (20); at least two perforations are parallel to each of the holes in the guide base (20); a horizontal guide (21) is installed in the hole that is located on the side of the guide base (20) protruding from the sides of said guide base (20); a horizontal auger (22) is installed in the perforation found on the side of the guide base (20) protruding equidistantly from the horizontal guide (21); A vertical guide (23) is installed in the hole that is located in the upper part of the guide base (20), protruding from the upper part and lower 17 of said guide base (20); a vertical auger (24) is installed in the perforation found in the upper part of the guide base (20), protruding equidistantly from the vertical guide (23); Some supports (25) are installed at each of the ends of the horizontal guide (21) holding the horizontal auger (22), as well as at each of the ends of the vertical guide (23) holding the vertical auger (23). ) ; an arm (30) is installed on one of the sides, at the top of the Cartesian module (19); the support (25) that is located at one of the ends of the horizontal guide (21) and the horizontal auger (22) is installed in the front part of the arm (30); an extension support (26) is installed in the front part of the support (25) which is located in the lower part of the vertical guide (23); an extension (27) is installed at one of its ends in the front part of the extension support (26), and a fastening means (28) is installed at the opposite end of the extension (27); and, an instrument (29) is installed in the holding means (28). . The device of claim 1 characterized in that the structure (1) is irregular in shape. . The device of claim 1 characterized in that the opening (2) is in the shape of an inverted "U". . The device of claim 1 characterized in that the fixing means (8) is a suction cup. . The device of claim 1 characterized in that the base (10) is prismatic. 18

6. The device of claims 1 and 5 characterized in that the prismatic shape is quadrangular.

7. The device of claim 1 characterized in that the muzzle (13) is tubular.

8. The device of claims 1 and 7, characterized in that the muzzle (13) is "T"-shaped.

9. The device of claims 1, 7 and 8 characterized in that the muzzle (13) has an arc at its front end.

10. The device of claim 1 characterized in that the actuators (16) are linear.

11. The device of claims 1 and 10 characterized in that the actuators (16) are pneumatic, electric, hydraulic, servo-pneumatic or a combination of the above.

12. The device of claim 1 characterized in that the guide base (20) is irregular in shape.

13. The device of claim 1 characterized in that the horizontal guide (21) and the vertical guide (23) are cylindrical.

14. The device of claim 1 characterized in that the fastening means (28) is threaded.

15. The device of claim 1 characterized in that the arm (30) is "L" shaped. 19

16. The Cartesian device for performing stereotaxic surgery of claim 1, characterized in that the clamping element is conical in shape.

17. The Cartesian device for performing stereotaxic surgery of claims 1 and 16, characterized in that the holding element is covered with a soft material.

18. The Cartesian device for performing stereotaxic surgery of claim 1, characterized in that the power source is a rechargeable battery, a disposable battery, or direct current.

19. The Cartesian device for performing stereotaxic surgery of claim 1, characterized in that the perforations have an internal chord.

20. The Cartesian device for performing stereotaxic surgery of claim 1, characterized in that the primary articulation means and the secondary articulation means are hinges, bolts, hinges and/or a combination of the above.