WO2023083136A1 - 直播方法、系统、bier控制器、路由器、设备及可读介质 - Google Patents

直播方法、系统、bier控制器、路由器、设备及可读介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023083136A1
WO2023083136A1 PCT/CN2022/130312 CN2022130312W WO2023083136A1 WO 2023083136 A1 WO2023083136 A1 WO 2023083136A1 CN 2022130312 W CN2022130312 W CN 2022130312W WO 2023083136 A1 WO2023083136 A1 WO 2023083136A1
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Prior art keywords
live
multicast
information
bfir
bier
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PCT/CN2022/130312
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English (en)
French (fr)
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陶长标
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023083136A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023083136A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/21—Server components or server architectures
    • H04N21/218—Source of audio or video content, e.g. local disk arrays
    • H04N21/2187—Live feed

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to but not limited to the field of live video technology.
  • the disclosure provides a live broadcast method, a multicast management system, a BIER controller, a router, an electronic device, and a computer-readable medium.
  • the present disclosure provides a live broadcast method for use in a multicast management system
  • the live broadcast method includes a step of injecting live content
  • the step of injecting live content includes: generating and saving the channel information of the live broadcast device and the live broadcast device
  • the first mapping relationship between the BFIR information of the ingress routers can be explicitly copied by the available bit index; and the multicast live stream is injected into the router indicated by the available BFIR information according to the original live stream sent by the live broadcast device.
  • the present disclosure provides a live broadcast method for a BIER controller, the live broadcast method includes a live content injection step, and the live content injection step includes: responding to the available BFIR information acquisition request sent by the multicast management system, Allocating available BFIR information to said multicast management system.
  • the present disclosure provides a live broadcast method for a router.
  • the live broadcast method includes a step of delivering live content, and the step of delivering live content includes: receiving BFER information sent by the multicast management system through the BIER controller, A second mapping relationship between channel information and available BFIR information; sending a live content message to the user equipment according to the second mapping relationship.
  • the present disclosure provides a multicast management system, including: a processing module configured to generate and save a first mapping relationship between channel information of a live broadcast device and available BFIR information of the live broadcast device; an injection module configured to Injecting the multicast live stream to the router indicated by the available BFIR information according to the original live stream sent by the live broadcast device.
  • the present disclosure provides a BIER controller, including: an allocation module configured to allocate available BFIR information to the multicast management system in response to an available BFIR information acquisition request sent by the multicast management system.
  • the present disclosure provides a router, including: a receiving module configured to receive the second mapping relationship between BFER information, channel information, and available BFIR information sent by the multicast management system through the BIER controller; a sending module configured to To deliver the live content packet to the user equipment according to the second mapping relationship.
  • the present disclosure provides an electronic device, including: one or more processors; a storage device, on which one or more programs are stored; when the one or more programs are processed by the one or more When the processor is executed, the one or more processors are made to implement any live broadcasting method as described herein.
  • the present disclosure provides a computer storage medium on which a computer program is stored, wherein when the program is executed by a processor, the live broadcast method as described herein is implemented.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the live broadcast system provided by the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of the steps of injecting live content at the side of the multicast management system provided by the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flow diagram of injecting a multicast live stream according to the original live stream provided by the present disclosure
  • Fig. 4 is the schematic flow chart of the delivery step of live broadcast content on the side of the multicast management system provided by the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of the steps of injecting live content on the controller side of BIER provided by the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of the steps of sending live content on the router side provided by the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic flow diagram of delivering a live content message to a user equipment according to a second mapping relationship provided by the present disclosure
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic flow diagram of sending live content messages in BIER format to corresponding user equipment provided by the present disclosure
  • Fig. 9 is a working schematic diagram of the live broadcast system provided by the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a live content injection process provided by the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a delivery process of live content provided by the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of modules of the multicast management system provided by the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of modules of the BIER controller provided by the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of modules of a router provided by the present disclosure.
  • Embodiments described herein may refer to plan views and/or by way of idealized schematic representation of the disclosure
  • the new live video service requires real-time transmission of services, and supports ultra-low latency (millisecond level) end-to-end, while the traditional live video service (such as CCTV news) does not require real-time business transmission, not end-to-end live broadcast, and the viewing end users cannot perceive the real delay difference, so the delay can reach the second level;
  • the traditional live video service Such as CCTV news
  • it is also necessary to support the user's own live broadcast that is, the content is pushed from the live broadcast client to the system and then to the viewing client. Any user can initiate a live broadcast, so that each live broadcast corresponds to a channel.
  • the number of channels supported by the system side is massive, and the traditional live video service usually pushes the content from the system side to the viewing user end, and the number of channels is limited; 3.
  • the number of users a new type of live video service is compared with the traditional For the live video service, the number of viewing users is unlimited, and the number of viewing users is very tidal, which has a great impact on the network traffic, and the network needs to have a very efficient video distribution capability; 4.
  • This new type of live video service is also different from on-demand services.
  • the content requested by each user is discrete and unpredictable.
  • users and video streams are one-to-one for unicast transmission.
  • each user corresponds to a content video stream.
  • the content of all users watching the same live broadcast is the same.
  • these users can multiplex the live stream of the same content for transmission, that is, use multicast transmission, and only need to copy the content. .
  • the new live video service usually adopts the traditional multicast technology of PIM (protocol independent multicast, protocol independent multicast).
  • PIM establishes a multicast distribution tree from the source to the receiver for each multicast (Group).
  • Each node (router) in the multicast distribution tree maintains multicast forwarding state information: Group, Ingress (entry) interface, Egress (exit) interface.
  • IPTV Internet Protocol television interactive network television
  • a Group corresponds to a live channel
  • a large IPTV system supports subscribing to hundreds or even thousands of live channels.
  • PIM Packet Identity
  • the number of supported channels is limited: the PIM multicast system architecture supports up to several thousand channels, which can only meet the current IPTV service needs of operators, and cannot meet the needs of OTT (Over The Top , Internet companies surpass the needs of operators) for live broadcast services; 2. Poor scalability, slow convergence, and poor user experience: each router needs to maintain multicast forwarding status information, so the scalability is poor; the more multicast distribution trees, the more multicast traffic , the network overhead is greater, and the convergence after the change is also affected by the number of multicast publishing trees.
  • IGP Interior Gateway Protocol
  • the multicast protocol can converge again after the multicast protocol converges. After the multicast protocol converges, the multicast distribution tree of each group is recalculated. The convergence time of the multicast distribution tree is much longer than the convergence time of the IGP protocol. As the number of multicasts increases, the convergence time 3.
  • the protocol is complex and difficult to deploy and maintain: Relying on traditional multicast routing protocols to create multicast distribution trees introduces complex 4. Poor performance and high resource overhead: joining and exiting multicast members, managing multicast publishing trees, and maintaining a large number of Multicast forwarding table items will consume equipment cost and performance such as memory and CPU (Central Processing Unit, central processing unit); Limited multicast addresses and other reasons are not conducive to the promotion and use of multicast, and it is difficult to control billing.
  • this disclosure proposes that the main root of the above-mentioned many defects in PIM is that relying on traditional multicast routing protocols causes each router to have a huge and repetitive workload in different Groups, for example, each router needs to maintain a large number of different Group's multicast forwarding status information.
  • each router needs to maintain a large number of different Group's multicast forwarding status information.
  • the live video service in fact, only the routers close to the live broadcast source and the routers close to the live broadcast receiving end in the multicast distribution tree need to maintain the multicast forwarding As a router close to the live broadcast source or as a router close to the live broadcast receiver, it is necessary to maintain the multicast forwarding status information, which can greatly reduce the burden on the router.
  • BIER Bit Index Explicit Replication, Bit Index Explicit Replication
  • BIER entry router Bit-Forward Ingress Router, BIER entry router
  • BFER Bit-Forward Egress Router, BIER exit router
  • the intermediate node BFR Bit-Forward Router, BIER forwarding router
  • the intermediate nodes of BIER do not perceive any multicast flow, and do not need to store any multicast forwarding state information. They only forward according to the network topology.
  • the network convergence speed is as fast as unicast, and there is no need to introduce multicast state signaling or converge. Therefore, the problem of the traditional multicast technology PIM can be solved.
  • the IPTV system pushes the live stream generated by the live device to the multicast server in the form of unicast.
  • the broadcast server converts the unicast live stream into a multicast live stream and pushes it to BFIR.
  • BFIR performs multicast distribution in the BFR in the BIER network in the form of multicast stream according to the distribution table until it is pushed to BFER. After the user joins the multicast group , go to the corresponding BFER stream to watch.
  • the live broadcast system may include a live broadcast device, a large video system, a multicast management system, a BIER system, and user equipment.
  • the live broadcast device is the live broadcast source, or it can be called a live broadcast system;
  • the multicast management system can include a multicast server and a multicast management platform;
  • the BIER system can include a BIER controller and routers that are BFIR, BFR, and BFER respectively;
  • the device is the physical terminal or home gateway or OLT (optical line terminal) device that receives the live broadcast.
  • the entire live broadcast process can be divided into a live content injection process and a live content delivery process.
  • the live content injection process is used to inject multicast live streams into BFIR, and the live content delivery process is used for BFIR to deliver multicast live streams to BFER through BFR.
  • the BFER delivers the multicast live stream to the user equipment.
  • the present disclosure provides a live broadcast method for a multicast management system.
  • the live broadcast method includes a step of injecting live content, and the step of injecting live content may include the following steps S11 and S12.
  • step S11 a first mapping relationship between channel information of the live broadcast device and available BFIR information of the live broadcast device is generated and saved.
  • step S12 inject the multicast live stream to the router indicated by the BFIR information according to the original live stream sent by the live broadcast device.
  • the channel information of the live broadcast device can include the live channel number, the multicast address used by the live channel, etc.
  • the BFIR information can be used to indicate the router as the BFIR of the current live broadcast device, and any router can be used as BFIR, BFR or BFER.
  • the live content of the original live stream and the multicast live stream are the same, except that the original live stream is a unicast bit stream, while the multicast live stream is a multicast bit stream.
  • the multicast management system In the live content injection step, for any live device, the multicast management system generates and saves the first mapping relationship according to the channel information of the live device and the available BFIR information after receiving the live service activation request of the live device, and can Determine the router indicated by the available BFIR information of the live broadcast device according to the first mapping relationship, that is, the router serving as the BFIR of the live broadcast device, and inject the multicast live stream into the BFIR of the live broadcast device according to the original live stream sent by the live broadcast device. Then, for all the live broadcast devices, according to the first mapping relationship, the live broadcast content of different live broadcast devices can be respectively injected into the corresponding BFIR, and each BFIR can deliver the live broadcast content to the user equipment requesting to watch the live broadcast.
  • the live broadcast method provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure combines the BIER technology to determine the router as a BFIR for the live broadcast device.
  • the multicast management system generates and saves the channel information of the live broadcast device According to the first mapping relationship with the available BFIR information of the live broadcast device, the live content of different live broadcast devices can be respectively injected into the corresponding BFIR according to the first mapping relationship, and each subsequent BFIR can be viewed through the corresponding BFR and BFER to the request
  • BFR does not need to save any multicast forwarding status information, and only forwards it according to the network topology, which reduces the burden on routers, saves resource overhead, and improves the number of supported live channels and convergence speed , No need to introduce multicast status signaling and no need to rely on traditional multicast routing protocols, which reduces the difficulty of operation and maintenance and shortens the service response delay.
  • the multicast management system can assign channel information to the live broadcast device requesting to open the live broadcast service, and the BIER system can distribute available BFIR information to the live broadcast device requesting to open the live broadcast service.
  • the step of injecting live content may also include the following steps: in response to the live broadcast service activation request sent by the live broadcast device, Generate channel information and obtain available BFIR information from BIER controller.
  • the injection of the multicast live stream into the router indicated by the available BFIR information according to the original live stream sent by the live broadcast device may include the following steps S121 and S122.
  • step S121 the original live stream sent by the live broadcast device is converted into a multicast live stream.
  • step S122 send the multicast live stream and channel information to the router indicated by the BFIR information.
  • the live broadcast device After the live broadcast device sends a live broadcast service activation request to the multicast management system, the multicast management system assigns channel information to the live broadcast device, and the BIER controller assigns the available BFIR information to the live broadcast device, the live broadcast device can send the original live stream in unicast form Injected into the multicast server of the multicast management system, the multicast server converts the original live stream in unicast form into a live stream in multicast form, but the live content remains unchanged. There is a one-to-one correspondence between the multicast live stream and channel information.
  • the multicast server sends the multicast live stream and channel information to the BFIR of the live broadcast device at the same time, that is, injects the live content of the live broadcast device into the BFIR.
  • the user equipment can request the multicast management system to watch the live content of a certain live channel, and the live broadcast method should also include the step of delivering the live content.
  • the method also includes the step of delivering the live content, As shown in FIG. 4 , the step of delivering live content may include the following steps S21 to S23.
  • step S21 available BFIR information corresponding to the user equipment is determined according to the channel information selected by the user equipment and the first mapping relationship.
  • step S22 a second mapping relationship between BFER information sent by the user equipment, channel information selected by the user equipment, and available BFIR information corresponding to the user equipment is generated.
  • step S23 the second mapping relationship is sent to the router indicated by the available BFIR information corresponding to the user equipment through the BIER controller, so that the router can send a live content message to the user equipment according to the second mapping relationship.
  • the first mapping relationship is the mapping relationship between the channel information of the live broadcast device and the available BFIR information of the live broadcast device, and the multicast management system can query the BFIR corresponding to the user equipment in the first mapping relationship according to the channel information selected by the user equipment.
  • the first mapping relationship between is updated to the second mapping relationship between the BFER information sent by the user equipment, the channel information selected by the user equipment, and the available BFIR information corresponding to the user equipment, then the second mapping relationship is equivalent to the multicast forwarding state information : Group, Ingress, and Egress.
  • the second mapping relationship is sent to the router indicated by the available BFIR information corresponding to the user equipment through the BIER controller.
  • the router as a BFIR, can encapsulate the live content message in the BIER format according to the second mapping relationship and deliver the BIER format message to the user equipment. Live content message.
  • the present disclosure also provides a live broadcast method for a BIER controller.
  • the live broadcast method includes a step of injecting live content, as shown in FIG. 5 , and the step of injecting live content may include the following step S31.
  • step S31 in response to the available BFIR information acquisition request sent by the multicast management system, the available BFIR information is distributed to the multicast management system.
  • the BIER controller combines BIER technology to determine the router as a BFIR for the live device, and each BFIR can deliver the live content to the user equipment requesting to watch the live broadcast through the corresponding BFR and BFER, and the BFR does not need to save any multicast forwarding State information can be forwarded only according to the network topology, which reduces the burden on routers, saves resource overhead, improves the number of supported live channels and convergence speed, does not need to introduce multicast state signaling and does not need to rely on traditional multicast routing
  • the protocol thus reduces the difficulty of operation and maintenance and shortens the service response delay.
  • the live broadcast method for BIER controller also includes the step of delivering live content, and the step of delivering live content may include the following steps: sending the BFER information, channel information, and available information sent by the multicast management system
  • the second mapping relationship between the BFIR information is forwarded to the router indicated by the available BFIR information in the second mapping relationship, so that the router can deliver the live content message to the user equipment according to the second mapping relationship.
  • the present disclosure also provides a live broadcast method, which is used in a router.
  • the live broadcast method includes a step of delivering live content. As shown in FIG. 6 , the step of delivering live content includes steps S41 and S42.
  • step S41 the second mapping relationship between BFER information, channel information and available BFIR information sent by the multicast management system through the BIER controller is received.
  • step S42 deliver the live content message to the user equipment according to the second mapping relationship.
  • the router sends live content packets to the user equipment.
  • BFR does not need to save any multicast forwarding status information, but only forwards according to the network topology, which reduces the burden on routers. It saves resource overhead, improves the number of supported live channels and convergence speed, does not need to introduce multicast status signaling and does not need to rely on traditional multicast routing protocols, which reduces the difficulty of operation and maintenance and shortens the service response delay.
  • the live broadcast method further includes a step of injecting live content.
  • the step of injecting live content may include the following steps: receiving the multicast live stream injected by the multicast management system.
  • the multicast management system converts the original live stream sent by the live broadcast device into a multicast live stream.
  • the channel information and the multicast live stream have a one-to-one correspondence. Multicasting live streaming and channel information also injects live content into the current router.
  • the multicast live stream corresponds to channel information, as shown in Figure 7, the sending of the live content message to the user equipment according to the second mapping relationship (ie step S42) may include the following steps S421 to S423.
  • step S421 the multicast live stream corresponding to the channel information in the second mapping relationship is determined.
  • step S422 the determined multicast live stream is encapsulated into a live content packet in BIER format according to the second mapping relationship.
  • step S423 deliver the live content message in BIER format to the corresponding user equipment.
  • the router receives the second mapping relationship between BFER information, channel information and available BFIR information sent by the multicast management system. Since there are multiple live broadcast devices and multiple live channels, the second mapping relationship is correspondingly multiple , the router can deliver the live content of the channel information recorded in the second mapping relationship to the BFER recorded in the same second mapping relationship, so that the BFER can deliver the live content to the corresponding user equipment.
  • the previous multicast The management system has injected the live broadcast content to the current router, that is, the multicast live stream.
  • the router can first determine the multicast live stream corresponding to the channel information in the second mapping relationship, and then according to the second mapping relationship
  • the channel information (such as multicast address), BFIR information and BFER information encapsulate the multicast live stream into a live content message in BIER format.
  • the destination address that is, BFER, can be encapsulated in the header of the live content message.
  • the live content message in the BIER format is sent to the user equipment.
  • the delivery of the live content message in the BIER format to the corresponding user equipment may include the following steps S4231 and S4232.
  • step S4231 in response to the fact that the destination address of the live content message in BIER format is not the current router, the next-hop router is determined according to the local forwarding table and the second mapping relationship.
  • step S4232 the live content message in BIER format is sent to the next-hop router, so that the next-hop router sends the live content message in BIER format to the corresponding user equipment.
  • the router can be used as the BFIR of the live broadcast device, the BFR of the live broadcast device, or the BFER of the live broadcast device. Therefore, the router will also receive the live content packets in BIER format from other routers.
  • the router decapsulates the header of the live content message in BIER format from other routers, and judges whether the device is the destination address. When the device is not the destination address, according to the saved The two mapping relationships and the local forwarding table perform bit operations to obtain the BS (BitString, bit string) value, and send the live content message in BIER format to the next-hop router in the BIER intranet according to the BS value.
  • it is determined that the device is the destination address it indicates that the device is currently used as a BFER.
  • the sending of the live content message in the BIER format to the corresponding user equipment may include the following steps: in response to the destination address of the live content message in the BIER format being the current router and receiving the streaming request sent by the user equipment, sending the live content message in the BIER format to the The user device that pulls the streaming request.
  • the router When the router receives the live content message in BIER format and finds that the device is BFER, it will no longer forward the live content message in BIER format, and convert the multicast live stream to unicast when the user device pulls the stream from the device The live stream returns the unicast live stream to the user equipment for decoding and playing by the user equipment.
  • the multicast management system can include a multicast server and a multicast management platform, the multicast management platform can synchronize multicast channel information with the multicast server and service platform, and can perform BIER with the BIER controller Information synchronization can obtain multicast channel information from the multicast proxy module of the user equipment and receive BFER information reported by the multicast proxy module, and can also create a multicast channel, that is, a live channel, for the multicast source, that is, the live source.
  • BIER controller can synchronize BFER information with BFIR and notify BFIR that BFER joins the multicast.
  • the multicast server can inject multicast media streams, that is, multicast live streams, into BFIR, receive content injection from multicast sources, and respond to pull streams from CDN nodes in the content delivery network.
  • the business platform of the big video system can handle business requests such as terminal login authentication, and the CDN node can provide the time-shifted/ For the review function, the CDN edge nodes play a role of caching.
  • BFIR, BFR, and BFER can inject multicast media streams to the multicast agent module through the provincial/city CR, BRAS, access OLT, and HG.
  • the multicast agent can process service requests from terminals, and can also join multicast groups through HG. Media unicast streams can be injected into endpoints.
  • the multicast management system is responsible for the unified management and control of multicast resources and media streams.
  • the management of multicast channels It is very simple, and the information is relatively small.
  • the management of multicast capability is coupled with business management and operation.
  • the live broadcast channels are random and massive, so separate management and operation are necessary. .
  • the main functions of the multicast management platform include: managing multicast agents, such as managing the login and heartbeat of multicast agents; maintaining the list of multicast channels (equivalent to the collection of channel information) such as multicast time and channel number; issuing multicast channels The list is given to the multicast server and the multicast agent; the multicast channel information is synchronized with the multicast server and the big video service platform; the corresponding relationship between the management channel, BFER and BFIR (equivalent to the second mapping relationship) and so on.
  • the main functions of the multicast server include: obtaining multicast channel information, creating multicast physical channels, injecting content sources from live broadcast platforms or CDNs and converting them into multicast streams and media description information such as multicast group addresses, channel code rates, etc.
  • the BIER system includes a BIER controller and routers as BFIR, BFR, and BFER respectively, responsible for link construction and maintenance of the BIER network, BIER message encapsulation, forwarding, and analysis, etc.
  • the implementation of the present disclosure mainly involves the functional connection of the BIER controller.
  • the BIER controller is responsible for the connection between the service and the BIER network layer, the information exchange on the multicast service control plane, the management of the multicast traffic information entering the BIER domain, and the joining and leaving of multicast users.
  • the big video system is responsible for big video business management and CDN content distribution.
  • the implementation of this disclosure mainly involves the functional connection between the business management platform and the CDN.
  • the business management platform is responsible for the information synchronization of the multicast channel
  • the CDN is responsible for the multicast video storage and recording. To support look-back and time-shifting services.
  • User equipment is the operation interface and viewing interface for users to use the live video service and the terminal used for access. It not only refers to a physical terminal, but also a home gateway or OLT device.
  • User equipment includes a terminal and a multicast agent.
  • the terminal is responsible for user Login authentication, request for video services, obtain and play video streams, etc.
  • the multicast agent is responsible for obtaining media description information from the CDN or multicast server, parsing the corresponding multicast information, supporting terminals to join multicast groups, and receiving messages sent by the multicast server. Multicast packets, support multicast to unicast, support unicast retransmission requests, etc.
  • the live content injection step of the live broadcast method may include the following steps S51 to S63.
  • step S51 the live broadcast source (Content Provider, content provider CP) performs CP legality authentication to the service platform, and the service platform returns the authentication result to the live broadcast source; if it is legal, execute S52, otherwise end.
  • Content Provider Content Provider
  • the service platform returns the authentication result to the live broadcast source; if it is legal, execute S52, otherwise end.
  • step S52 the live broadcast source sends a live broadcast service activation request to the multicast management platform.
  • step S53 the multicast management platform generates channel information such as live channel ID and multicast address.
  • step S54 the multicast management platform sends an available BFIR information acquisition request to the BIER controller, and the BIER controller returns a result to the multicast management platform.
  • step S55 after receiving the available BFIR information, the multicast management platform generates a mapping relationship between channel information and BFIR, and returns the channel information to the live broadcast source.
  • step S56 the multicast management platform synchronizes the channel information to the service management platform, and the service management platform synchronizes to the CDN, and the CDN generates the channel physical channel; this step can be skipped if services such as time-shifting are not needed.
  • step S57 the multicast management platform synchronizes the channel information to the multicast server.
  • step S58 the multicast management platform synchronizes the channel information to the BIER controller.
  • step S59 the BIER controller synchronizes the channel information to the BFIR for the BFIR to encapsulate the live content message in BIER format.
  • step S60 the live broadcast source injects the original live stream into the multicast server in the form of unicast.
  • step S61 the multicast server converts the original live stream into a multicast live stream.
  • step S62 the CDN node pulls the multicast live stream from the multicast server to perform operations such as buffering and recording, and provides services such as time-shifting and viewing.
  • step S63 the multicast server injects the multicast live stream into the BFIR.
  • the step of delivering live content in the live broadcast method may include the following steps S71 to S88.
  • step S71 the user starts the live broadcast APP (Application, application) on the terminal, and initiates login authentication to the service platform.
  • the service platform will return service information, including the address of the multicast management platform; (Authentication)
  • the ID of the BFER will be automatically obtained from the BRAS, and S72 is executed; if the authentication is not successful, the process ends.
  • step S72 the user sends a multicast proxy address request to the multicast management platform.
  • step S73 the multicast management platform judges whether the multicast agent is registered and available, and redirects to the multicast agent if registered; otherwise, redirects after registering the multicast agent.
  • step S74 the user obtains a list of channel information from the multicast management platform through the multicast agent.
  • step S75 the user selects a channel information from the list to request viewing.
  • step S76 the multicast agent reports BFER information to the multicast management platform.
  • step S77 the multicast management platform updates the second mapping relationship among users, channel information, BFIR, and BFER.
  • step S78 the multicast management platform synchronizes the channel information and the second mapping information between BFIR and BFER to the BIER controller.
  • step S79 the BIER controller synchronizes the second mapping relationship to the BFIR.
  • step S80 the BFIR updates the BS of the channel and encapsulates the live content message in BIER format.
  • step S81 the BFIR performs bit calculation according to the BS and the forwarding table, and distributes the multicast live stream in the BIER network to the next-hop router BFR according to the BS value after the bit calculation.
  • the format of the multicast live stream is the live content packet in BIER format.
  • the BIER local forwarding table is calculated and generated based on the BIER link state database of the IGP, and the BIER link state database is generated by the BIER extended flooding of the IGP (ISIS/OSPF) protocol.
  • step S82 the BFR parses the BIER message header, and repeats the operation of S81 until the multicast stream reaches the receiving device BFER, and the BFER decapsulates the BIER message header and finds that the device is the destination device, and then no longer forwards.
  • step S83 after selecting channel information, the user joins the multicast group through the multicast proxy.
  • step S84 the multicast proxy joins the multicast group.
  • step S85 the user pulls and watches the stream through the multicast agent.
  • step S86 the multicast proxy sends a streaming request to the BFER.
  • step S87 the multicast proxy converts the multicast live stream into a unicast live stream and returns it to the user terminal. ;
  • step S88 the terminal decodes and plays the unicast live stream after receiving it.
  • the present disclosure also provides a multicast management system, as shown in FIG. 12 , which may include: a processing module 101 configured to generate and save the difference between the channel information of the live broadcast device and the available BFIR information of the live broadcast device The first mapping relationship among them; the injection module 102 is configured to inject the multicast live stream to the router indicated by the available BFIR information according to the original live stream sent by the live broadcast device.
  • the processing module 101 is further configured to: generate the channel information in response to the live broadcast service activation request sent by the live broadcast device, and obtain the available BFIR information from the bit index explicit replication BIER controller.
  • the injection module 102 is configured to: convert the original live stream sent by the live broadcast device into the multicast live stream; send the multicast live stream and the multicast live stream to the router indicated by the available BFIR information Channel information.
  • the processing module 101 is further configured to: determine the available BFIR information corresponding to the user equipment according to the channel information selected by the user equipment and the first mapping relationship; generate the BFER information sent by the user equipment, the A second mapping relationship between the channel information selected by the user equipment and the available BFIR information corresponding to the user equipment; the injection module 102 is configured to: send the second mapping relationship to the corresponding user equipment through the BIER controller The router indicated by the available BFIR information is used for the router to deliver the live content message to the user equipment according to the second mapping relationship.
  • the present disclosure also provides a BIER controller, as shown in FIG. 13 , which may include: an allocation module 201 configured to, in response to the available BFIR information acquisition request sent by the multicast management system, send to the multicast The management system distributes available BFIR information.
  • the BIER controller further includes a sending module, and the sending module is configured to: forward the second mapping relationship among the BFER information, channel information and available BFIR information sent by the multicast management system to the second The router that can be indicated by the BFIR information in the mapping relationship is used for the router to deliver the live content message to the user equipment according to the second mapping relationship.
  • the present disclosure also provides a router, as shown in FIG. 14 , which may include: a receiving module 301 configured to receive BFER information, channel information, and available BFIR information sent by the multicast management system through the BIER controller The second mapping relationship among them; the sending module 302 is configured to send the live content message to the user equipment according to the second mapping relationship.
  • the receiving module 301 is further configured to: receive the multicast live stream injected by the multicast management system.
  • the multicast live stream corresponds to channel information
  • the sending module 302 is configured to: determine the multicast live stream corresponding to the channel information in the second mapping relationship; The determined multicast live stream is encapsulated into a live content message in BIER format; and the live content message in BIER format is delivered to the corresponding user equipment.
  • the sending module 302 is configured to: in response to that the destination address of the live content message in the BIER format is not the current router, determine the next-hop router according to the local forwarding table and the second mapping relationship; The live content message in the BIER format is sent to the next-hop router, so that the next-hop router sends the live content message in the BIER format to the corresponding user equipment.
  • the sending module 302 is configured to: in response to the destination address of the live content message in BIER format being the current router and receiving the streaming request sent by the user equipment, send the live content message in BIER format to and send it to the user equipment that sends the streaming request.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure also provide an electronic device, including: one or more processors; a storage device, on which one or more programs are stored; when the one or more programs are used by the one or more When the processor is executed, the one or more processors are implemented as any of the following: the live broadcast method for the multicast management system as described in the previous embodiments; the method for BIER control as described in the previous embodiments The live broadcast method of the router; the live broadcast method for the router as described in the previous embodiments.
  • the present disclosure also provides a computer storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, wherein, when the program is executed by a processor, any of the following is implemented: the multicast management system as described in the previous implementations The live broadcast method; the live broadcast method for the BIER controller as described in the previous embodiments; the live broadcast method for the router as described in the previous embodiments.
  • the division between functional modules/units mentioned in the above description does not necessarily correspond to the division of physical components; for example, one physical component may have multiple functions, or one function or step may be composed of several physical components. Components cooperate to execute.
  • Some or all of the physical components may be implemented as software executed by a processor, such as a central processing unit, digital signal processor, or microprocessor, or as hardware, or as an integrated circuit, such as an application-specific integrated circuit .
  • Such software may be distributed on computer readable media, which may include computer storage media (or non-transitory media) and communication media (or transitory media).
  • computer storage media includes both volatile and nonvolatile media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information, such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. permanent, removable and non-removable media.
  • Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cartridges, tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or can Any other medium used to store desired information and which can be accessed by a computer.
  • communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and may include any information delivery media .
  • Example embodiments have been disclosed herein, and while specific terms have been employed, they are used and should be construed in a general descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. In some instances, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that features, characteristics and/or elements described in connection with a particular embodiment may be used alone, or may be described in combination with other embodiments, unless explicitly stated otherwise. Combinations of features and/or elements. Accordingly, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure as set forth in the appended claims.

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Abstract

本申请提供一种直播方法，用于组播管理系统，所述直播方法包括直播内容注入步骤，所述直播内容注入步骤包括：生成并保存直播设备的频道信息与所述直播设备的可用位索引显式复制入口路由器BFIR信息之间的第一映射关系；根据所述直播设备发送的原始直播流向所述可用BFIR信息指示的路由器注入组播直播流。本申请还提供一种组播管理系统、一种BIER控制器、一种路由器、一种电子设备及一种计算机可读介质。

Description

直播方法、系统、BIER控制器、路由器、设备及可读介质
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2021年11月11日提交给中国专利局的第202111333417.6号专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用合并于此。
技术领域
本公开涉及但不限于视频直播技术领域。
背景技术
随着互联网的快速发展，出现了大量的新型的互联网线上实时业务，如直播带货、在线教育、线上旅游、视频会议等，这类新型的视频直播业务不同于点播类业务，点播类业务中每个用户一个内容的视频流单播传输，而直播类业务中观看同一个直播的所有用户可以复用同一个内容的直播流进行传输，即采用组播传输。然而传统的组播技术由于存在固有缺陷已无法满足新型的直播业务的需要。
发明内容
本公开提供一种直播方法、一种组播管理系统、一种BIER控制器、一种路由器、一种电子设备及一种计算机可读介质。
第一方面，本公开提供一种直播方法，用于组播管理系统，所述直播方法包括直播内容注入步骤，所述直播内容注入步骤包括：生成并保存直播设备的频道信息与所述直播设备的可用位索引显式复制入口路由器BFIR信息之间的第一映射关系；根据所述直播设备发送的原始直播流向所述可用BFIR信息指示的路由器注入组播直播流。
第二方面，本公开提供一种直播方法，用于BIER控制器，所述直播方法包括直播内容注入步骤，所述直播内容注入步骤包括：响应于组播管理系统发送的可用BFIR信息获取请求，向所述组播管理系统分配可用BFIR信息。
第三方面，本公开提供一种直播方法，用于路由器，所述直播方法包括直播内容下发步骤，所述直播内容下发步骤包括：接收组播管理系统通过BIER控制器发送的BFER信息、频道信息以及可用BFIR信息之间的第二映射关系；根据所述第二映射关系向用户设备下发直播内容报文。
第四方面，本公开提供一种组播管理系统，包括：处理模块，配置为生成并保存直播设备的频道信息与所述直播设备的可用BFIR信息之间的第一映射关系；注入模块，配置为根据所述直播设备发送的原始直播流向所述可用BFIR信息指示的路由器注入组播直播流。
第五方面，本公开提供一种BIER控制器，包括：分配模块，配置为响应于组播管理系统发送的可用BFIR信息获取请求，向所述组播管理系统分配可用BFIR信息。
第六方面，本公开提供一种路由器，包括：接收模块，配置为接收组播管理系统通过BIER控制器发送的BFER信息、频道信息以及可用BFIR信息之间的第二映射关系；发送模块，配置为根据所述第二映射关系向用户设备下发直播内容报文。
第七方面，本公开提供一种电子设备，包括：一个或多个处理器；存储装置，其上存储有一个或多个程序；当所述一个或多个程序被所述一个或多个处理器执行时，使得所述一个或多个处理器实现如本文所述的任一直播方法。
第八方面，本公开提供一种计算机存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，其中，所述程序被处理器执行时实现如本文所述的直播方法。
附图说明
图1是本公开提供的直播系统的架构示意图；
图2是本公开提供的组播管理系统侧直播内容注入步骤的流程示意图；
图3是本公开提供的根据原始直播流注入组播直播流的流程示意图；
图4是本公开提供的组播管理系统侧直播内容下发步骤的流程 示意图；
图5是本公开提供的BIER控制器侧直播内容注入步骤的流程示意图；
图6是本公开提供的路由器侧直播内容下发步骤的流程示意图；
图7是本公开提供的根据第二映射关系向用户设备下发直播内容报文的流程示意图；
图8是本公开提供的向相应的用户设备下发BIER格式的直播内容报文的流程示意图；
图9是本公开提供的直播系统的工作示意图；
图10是本公开提供的直播内容注入流程示意图；
图11是本公开提供的直播内容下发流程示意图；
图12是本公开提供的组播管理系统的模块示意图；
图13是本公开提供的BIER控制器的模块示意图；
图14是本公开提供的路由器的模块示意图。
具体实施方式
在下文中将参考附图更充分地描述示例实施方式，但是所述示例实施方式可以以不同形式来体现且不应当被解释为限于本文阐述的实施方式。反之，提供这些实施方式的目的在于使本公开透彻和完整，并将使本领域技术人员充分理解本公开的范围。
如本文所使用的，术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关列举条目的任何和所有组合。
本文所使用的术语仅用于描述特定实施方式，且不意欲限制本公开。如本文所使用的，单数形式“一个”和“该”也意欲包括复数形式，除非上下文另外清楚指出。还将理解的是，当本说明书中使用术语“包括”和/或“由……制成”时，指定存在所述特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件和/或组件，但不排除存在或添加一个或多个其他特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件、组件和/或其群组。
本文所述实施方式可借助本公开的理想示意图而参考平面图和/
或截面图进行描述。因此，可根据制造技术和/或容限来修改示例图 示。因此，实施方式不限于附图中所示的实施方式，而是包括基于制造工艺而形成的配置的修改。因此，附图中例示的区具有示意性属性，并且图中所示区的形状例示了元件的区的具体形状，但并不旨在是限制性的。
除非另外限定，否则本文所用的所有术语(包括技术和科学术语)的含义与本领域普通技术人员通常理解的含义相同。还将理解，诸如那些在常用字典中限定的那些术语应当被解释为具有与其在相关技术以及本公开的背景下的含义一致的含义，且将不解释为具有理想化或过度形式上的含义，除非本文明确如此限定。
随着互联网的快速发展，出现了大量的新型的互联网线上实时业务，如直播带货、在线教育、线上旅游、视频会议等，这类新型的视频直播业务与传统的视频直播业务有着非常明显的业务特性差异，差异主要体现在以下几个方面：1、实时性：新型的视频直播业务要求业务实时传输，端到端支持超低时延(毫秒级)，而传统的视频直播业务(如CCTV新闻)不需要业务实时传输，不是端到端的直播，观看端用户无法感知到真正的时延差异，因此时延达到秒级即可；2、频道数量：新型的视频直播业务除由系统端下推内容到观看用户端外，还需要支持用户的自主直播，即由直播用户端上推内容到系统端再到观看用户端，任何用户都可以发起直播，这样每一条直播对应一个频道，则系统端支持的频道数量是海量的，而传统的视频直播业务通常由系统端下推内容到观看用户端，频道数量是有限的；3、用户数量：一个新型的视频直播业务相对于传统的视频直播业务来说，观看用户数量是无限的，而且观看用户数量的潮汐性非常明显，这对网络的流量冲击非常大，网络需要具备非常高效的视频分发能力；4、新型的视频直播业务过程中不能有抖动和卡顿，否则会严重影响用户的观看体验，尤其对于某些特殊的视频直播业务(如线上教育、重大赛事直播)，一秒的卡顿都可能会导致用户遗漏重要信息从而导致用户体验直线下降。
这类新型的视频直播业务也不同于点播类业务。点播类业务中，每个用户点播的内容是离散的、不可预知的，点播类业务都是用户与 视频流一一对应进行单播传输，在网络传输的过程中，每个用户均对应一个内容的视频流。而直播类业务中，观看同一个直播的所有用户的内容都是一样的，为节省流量，这些用户可以复用同一个内容的直播流进行传输，即采用组播传输，只需要复制内容即可。
目前，新型的视频直播业务通常采用PIM(protocol independent multicast，协议无关组播)这一传统的组播技术，PIM为每个组播(Group)建立一个从源到接受者的组播发布树。组播发布树中的每个节点(路由器)维护组播转发状态信息：Group、Ingress(入口)接口、Egress(出口)接口。在运营商的IPTV(Internet Protocol television交互式网络电视)视频系统中，一个Group对应一个直播频道，一个大型的IPTV系统支持订阅几百个甚至几千直播频道，传统的组播路由协议为每个Group建立对应的组播发布树，则网络中每台路由器都需要维护几百份甚至几千份组播转发状态信息,消耗了路由器的宝贵资源，现网中的老旧设备更是压力倍增，这是PIM最主要的缺陷。
除此之外，PIM还存在诸多缺陷，例如：1、支持频道数量有限：PIM组播系统架构最多支持几千个频道，仅能满足运营商目前的IPTV业务需求，无法满足OTT(Over The Top，互联网公司越过运营商)直播业务的需求；2、扩展性差、收敛慢以及用户体验差：各路由器都需要维护组播转发状态信息因此扩展性差；组播发布树越多，组播流量越多，网络开销越大，并且变化后的收敛也受组播发布树数量的影响，当组播订阅者或者网络拓扑发生变化,导致IGP(Interior Gateway Protocol，内部网关协议)协议重新收敛，IGP协议收敛后组播协议才能再次收敛，组播协议收敛后再重新计算出每个Group的组播发布树，组播发布树的收敛时间远大于IGP协议的收敛时间，随着组播数量增多，收敛时间增长，无法适应低时延、快收敛的业务需要，严重影响用户体验；3、协议复杂、部署和运维困难：依赖传统的组播路由协议来创建组播发布树，在网络中引入了复杂的控制信令，网络需要众多协议组的支持，部署复杂非常高，运维成本高；4、性能差、资源开销较大：组播成员的加入及退出、管理组播发布树以及维护大量的组播转发表项，都会消耗设备成本和性能如内存、CPU (Central Processing Unit，中央处理器)；5、组播放业务推广难：缺乏灵活的管控手段，要求所有的路由器都支持组播协议、组播地址有限等原因都不利于组播的推广使用，难以进行计费管控。
总之，亟需一种性能更高、管理更为便利的组播技术，用以支撑新型的视频直播业务，以拓宽运营商的视频业务范围，带来更加良好的用户体验。
为此，本公开提出，PIM存在上述诸多缺陷的主要根源在于，依赖传统的组播路由协议导致各路由器在不同的Group中具有庞大且重复的工作量，例如各路由器均需维护大量的且不同Group的组播转发状态信息。而对于视频直播业务，其实仅需要组播发布树中靠近直播源的路由器以及靠近直播接收端的路由器维护组播转发状态信息、中间节点的路由器正常转发直播内容报文即可，那么各路由器只有在作为靠近直播源的路由器或者在作为靠近直播接收端的路由器时，才需要维护组播转发状态信息，能够大大减轻路由器的负担，BIER(Bit Index Explicit Replication，位索引显式复制)正是一种此类型的组播技术，BIER不同于传统的PIM，它提供一种无状态的组播转发机制，在组播首节点BFIR(Bit-Forward Ingress Router，BIER入口路由器)确定组播的接收节点BFER(Bit-Forward Egress Router，BIER出口路由器)信息，中间节点BFR(Bit-Forward Router，BIER转发路由器)不需要维护任何组播转发状态信息(Group、Ingress、Egress)。BIER的中间节点感知不到任何组播流，也无需保存任何组播转发状态信息，仅根据网络拓扑进行转发，网络收敛速度跟单播一样快，无需引入组播状态信令也无需进行收敛，从而能够解决传统组播技术PIM的问题。
本公开提出，可以在运营商的现有IPTV系统中，将网络中的相关路由器进行协议升级以支持BIER技术，IPTV系统将直播设备产生的直播流以单播的形式推送给组播服务器，组播服务器将单播直播流转换成组播直播流并推送到BFIR，BFIR以组播流形式在BIER网络内的BFR中根据分发表进行组播分发，直到推送至BFER，用户加入组播组后，到对应的BFER拉流观看即可。
如图1所示，为本公开提供的直播系统的架构示意图，直播系统可以包括直播设备、大视频系统、组播管理系统、BIER系统以及用户设备。其中，直播设备即直播源，或可称为直播系统；组播管理系统可以包括组播服务器和组播管理平台；BIER系统可以包括BIER控制器以及各分别作为BFIR、BFR、BFER的路由器；用户设备即接收直播的物理终端或家庭网关或OLT(optical line terminal光线路终端)设备。可以将整个直播流程分为直播内容注入流程和直播内容下发流程，直播内容注入流程用于向BFIR注入组播直播流，直播内容下发流程用于BFIR通过BFR向BFER下发组播直播流以及BFER向用户设备下发组播直播流。
相应的，如图2所示，本公开提供一种直播方法，用于组播管理系统。在一些实施例中，所述直播方法包括直播内容注入步骤，所述直播内容注入步骤可以包括如下步骤S11和S12。
在步骤S11中，生成并保存直播设备的频道信息与直播设备的可用BFIR信息之间的第一映射关系。
在步骤S12中，根据直播设备发送的原始直播流向可用BFIR信息指示的路由器注入组播直播流。
其中，直播设备的频道信息可以包括直播频道号、直播频道使用的组播地址等等，可用BFIR信息用于指示作为当前直播设备的BFIR的路由器，任一路由器均可以作为BFIR、BFR或BFER。原始直播流和组播直播流的直播内容相同，只是原始直播流是单播形式的码流，而组播直播流是组播形式的码流。
在直播内容注入步骤中，对于任一直播设备，组播管理系统在接收到该直播设备的直播业务开通请求之后，根据该直播设备的频道信息和可用BFIR信息生成并保存第一映射关系，可以根据第一映射关系确定该直播设备的可用BFIR信息指示的路由器，即作为该直播设备的BFIR的路由器，根据该直播设备发送的原始直播流向该直播设备的BFIR注入组播直播流。那么对于所有的直播设备，根据第一映射关系，可以将不同直播设备的直播内容分别注入至相应的BFIR，后续各BFIR可以向请求观看直播的用户设备下发直播内容。
从上述步骤S11-S12可以看出，本公开实施方式提供的直播方法，结合BIER技术为直播设备确定作为BFIR的路由器，在直播内容注入步骤中，组播管理系统生成并保存直播设备的频道信息与直播设备的可用BFIR信息之间的第一映射关系，则根据第一映射关系就可以将不同直播设备的直播内容分别注入至相应的BFIR，后续各BFIR可以通过相应的BFR和BFER向请求观看直播的用户设备下发直播内容，BFR无需保存任何组播转发状态信息，仅根据网络拓扑进行转发即可，减轻了路由器的负担，节省了资源开销，提高了可支持的直播频道数量和收敛速度、无需引入组播状态信令也无需依赖传统的组播路由协议从而降低了运维难度，缩短了业务响应时延。
可以由组播管理系统为请求开通直播业务的直播设备分配频道信息，由BIER系统为请求开通直播业务的直播设备分配可用BFIR信息，相应的，在一些实施方式中，在所述生成并保存直播设备的频道信息与所述直播设备的可用BFIR信息之间的第一映射关系(即步骤S11)之前，所述直播内容注入步骤还可以包括如下步骤：响应于直播设备发送的直播业务开通请求，生成频道信息，并向BIER控制器获取可用BFIR信息。
在一些实施方式中，如图3所示，所述根据直播设备发送的原始直播流向可用BFIR信息指示的路由器注入组播直播流(即步骤S12)可以包括如下步骤S121和S122。
在步骤S121中，将直播设备发送的原始直播流转换为组播直播流。
在步骤S122中，向可用BFIR信息指示的路由器发送组播直播流和频道信息。
直播设备向组播管理系统发送直播业务开通请求、组播管理系统为该直播设备分配频道信息、BIER控制器为该直播设备分配可用BFIR信息之后，直播设备即可将原始直播流以单播形式注入至组播管理系统的组播服务器中，组播服务器将单播形式的原始直播流转换为组播形式的直播流，但直播内容未发生改变。组播直播流和频道信息具备一一对应的关系，组播服务器将组播直播流和频道信息同时发 送至直播设备的BFIR，即向BFIR注入该直播设备的直播内容。
用户设备可以向组播管理系统请求观看某一直播频道的直播内容，则直播方法还应当包括直播内容下发步骤，相应的，在一些实施方式中，所述方法还包括直播内容下发步骤，如图4所示，所述直播内容下发步骤可以包括如下步骤S21至S23。
在步骤S21中，根据用户设备选择的频道信息以及第一映射关系确定用户设备对应的可用BFIR信息。
在步骤S22中，生成用户设备发送的BFER信息、用户设备选择的频道信息以及用户设备对应的可用BFIR信息之间的第二映射关系。
在步骤S23中，将第二映射关系通过BIER控制器发送给用户设备对应的可用BFIR信息指示的路由器，以供该路由器根据第二映射关系向用户设备下发直播内容报文。
其中，第一映射关系为直播设备的频道信息与直播设备的可用BFIR信息之间的映射关系，组播管理系统根据用户设备选择的频道信息可以在第一映射关系中查询到用户设备对应的BFIR信息，生成用户设备发送的BFER信息、用户设备选择的频道信息以及用户设备对应的可用BFIR信息之间的第二映射关系，也可以是将用户设备选择的频道信息和用户设备对应的可用BFIR信息之间的第一映射关系更新为用户设备发送的BFER信息、用户设备选择的频道信息以及用户设备对应的可用BFIR信息之间的第二映射关系，则第二映射关系相当于组播转发状态信息：Group、Ingress和Egress。将第二映射关系通过BIER控制器发送给用户设备对应的可用BFIR信息指示的路由器，该路由器作为BFIR可以根据第二映射关系封装BIER格式的直播内容报文并向用户设备下发该BIER格式的直播内容报文。
本公开还提供一种直播方法，用于BIER控制器，所述直播方法包括直播内容注入步骤，如图5所示，所述直播内容注入步骤可以包括如下步骤S31。
在步骤S31中，响应于组播管理系统发送的可用BFIR信息获取请求，向组播管理系统分配可用BFIR信息。
在直播内容注入步骤中，BIER控制器结合BIER技术为直播设备确定作为BFIR的路由器，各BFIR可以通过相应的BFR和BFER向请求观看直播的用户设备下发直播内容，BFR无需保存任何组播转发状态信息，仅根据网络拓扑进行转发即可，减轻了路由器的负担，节省了资源开销，提高了可支持的直播频道数量和收敛速度、无需引入组播状态信令也无需依赖传统的组播路由协议从而降低了运维难度，缩短了业务响应时延。
在一些实施方式中，所述用于BIER控制器的直播方法还包括直播内容下发步骤，所述直播内容下发步骤可以包括如下步骤：将组播管理系统发送的BFER信息、频道信息以及可用BFIR信息之间的第二映射关系转发给第二映射关系中的可用BFIR信息指示的路由器，以供该路由器根据第二映射关系向用户设备下发直播内容报文。
本公开还提供一种直播方法，用于路由器，所述直播方法包括直播内容下发步骤，如图6所示，所述直播内容下发步骤包括步骤S41和S42。
在步骤S41中，接收组播管理系统通过BIER控制器发送的BFER信息、频道信息以及可用BFIR信息之间的第二映射关系。
在步骤S42中，根据第二映射关系向用户设备下发直播内容报文。
路由器根据BFER信息、频道信息以及可用BFIR信息之间的第二映射关系向用户设备下发直播内容报文，BFR无需保存任何组播转发状态信息，仅根据网络拓扑进行转发即可，减轻了路由器的负担，节省了资源开销，提高了可支持的直播频道数量和收敛速度、无需引入组播状态信令也无需依赖传统的组播路由协议从而降低了运维难度，缩短了业务响应时延。
在一些实施方式中，所述直播方法还包括直播内容注入步骤，所述直播内容注入步骤可以包括如下步骤：接收组播管理系统注入的组播直播流。
组播管理系统将直播设备发送的原始直播流转换为组播直播流，频道信息和组播直播流具备一一对应的关系，组播管理系统再向可用 BFIR信息指示的路由器也即当前路由器发送组播直播流和频道信息，也就向当前路由器注入了直播内容。
在一些实施方式中，所述组播直播流对应有频道信息，如图7所示，所述根据所述第二映射关系向用户设备下发直播内容报文(即步骤S42)可以包括如下步骤S421至S423。
在步骤S421中，确定与第二映射关系中的频道信息对应的组播直播流。
在步骤S422中，根据第二映射关系将确定出的组播直播流封装成BIER格式的直播内容报文。
在步骤S423中，向相应的用户设备下发BIER格式的直播内容报文。
路由器接收有组播管理系统发送的BFER信息、频道信息以及可用BFIR信息之间的第二映射关系，由于直播设备为多个，直播频道也为多个，第二映射关系相应的也为多个，路由器可以将第二映射关系中记录的频道信息的直播内容下发至同一第二映射关系中记录的BFER，以供BFER将直播内容下发至相应的用户设备，示例性地，此前组播管理系统已向当前路由器注入直播内容即组播直播流，对于任一第二映射关系，路由器首先可以确定与第二映射关系中的频道信息对应的组播直播流，然后根据第二映射关系中的频道信息(如组播地址)、BFIR信息和BFER信息将组播直播流封装成BIER格式的直播内容报文，目的地址即BFER可以封装在直播内容报文的报文头中，将封装完毕的BIER格式的直播内容报文下发至用户设备。
在一些实施方式中，如图8所示，所述向相应的用户设备下发所述BIER格式的直播内容报文(即步骤S423)可以包括如下步骤S4231和S4232。
在步骤S4231中，响应于BIER格式的直播内容报文的目的地址不为当前路由器，根据本地转发表以及第二映射关系确定下一跳路由器。
在步骤S4232中，将BIER格式的直播内容报文发送至下一跳路由器，以供下一跳路由器向相应的用户设备下发BIER格式的直播内 容报文。
如前所述，路由器可以作为直播设备的BFIR，也可以作为直播设备的BFR，还可以作为直播设备的BFER，因此路由器也会接收到来自其他路由器的BIER格式的直播内容报文，当接收到来自其他路由器的BIER格式的直播内容报文，路由器对BIER格式的直播内容报文的报文头解封装，判断本设备是否为目的地址，当本设备不为目的地址时，根据保存的各第二映射关系以及本地转发表进行位运算，得到BS(BitString，位串)值，根据BS值将BIER格式的直播内容报文在BIER内网中下发到下一跳路由器。当判断出本设备为目的地址时，说明本设备当前是作为BFER的，相应的，在一些实施方式中，所述向相应的用户设备下发所述BIER格式的直播内容报文(即步骤S423)可以包括如下步骤：响应于所述BIER格式的直播内容报文的目的地址为当前路由器且接收到用户设备发送的拉流请求，将所述BIER格式的直播内容报文下发至发送所述拉流请求的用户设备。
路由器接收到BIER格式的直播内容报文发现本设备即为BFER时，将不再转发该BIER格式的直播内容报文，在用户设备从本设备拉流时，将组播直播流转换为单播直播流，向用户设备返回单播直播流，以供用户设备解码后播放。
结合图1和图9所示，组播管理系统可以包括组播服务器和组播管理平台，组播管理平台可以和组播服务器以及业务平台进行组播频道信息同步，可以和BIER控制器进行BIER信息同步，可以从用户设备的组播代理模块获取组播频道信息以及接收组播代理模块上报的BFER信息，还可以为组播源也即直播源创建组播频道也即直播频道。BIER控制器可以和BFIR同步BFER信息并通知BFIR有BFER加入组播。组播服务器可以向BFIR注入组播媒体流也即组播直播流，还可以接收组播源的内容注入，还可以响应内容交付网络CDN节点的拉流。大视频系统的业务平台可以处理终端的登录认证等业务请求，CDN节点可以通过省/市CR、BRAS(Broadband Remote Access Server,宽带远程接入服务器)和CDN边缘节点向终端提供直播的时移/回看功能，CDN边缘节点起到缓存作用。BFIR、BFR和BFER可以通过 省/市CR、BRAS、接入OLT、HG向组播代理模块注入组播媒体流，组播代理可以处理终端的业务请求，也可以通过HG加入组播组，还可以向终端注入媒体单播流。
组播管理系统负责对组播资源及媒体流的统一管控，在现有的运营商IPTV系统中，由于频道在系统建设之初已基本固定且后期运营过程中很少变更，组播频道的管理非常简单，信息也相对较少，组播能力的管理是耦合在业务管理和运营之中，但在新型的视频直播业务中，直播频道是随机及海量的，因此必须要进行单独的管理和运营。组播管理平台的主要功能包括：管理组播代理如管理组播代理的登录、心跳等；维护组播频道列表(相当于频道信息的集合)如组播时间、频道号；下发组播频道列表给组播服务器和组播代理；与组播服务器和大视频业务平台同步组播频道信息；管理频道、BFER和BFIR之间的对应关系(相当于第二映射关系)等。组播服务器的主要功能包括：获取组播频道信息、创建组播物理频道、从直播平台或CDN注入内容源并转成组播码流和媒体描述信息如组播组地址、频道码率等、单播转组播并传输组播媒体数据、支持组播代理的单播重传等。BIER系统包括BIER控制器以及各分别作为BFIR、BFR、BFER的路由器，负责BIER网络的链路建设与维护、BIER报文封装转发解析等，本公开实施方式主要涉及到BIER控制器的功能对接，BIER控制器负责业务与BIER网络层对接，负责组播业务控制面信息交互，负责管理进入BIER域的组播流量信息，以及负责用户组播的加入和离开。
大视频系统负责大视频业务管理及CDN的内容分发，本公开实施方式主要涉及到其中业务管理平台和CDN的功能对接，业务管理平台负责组播频道的信息同步，CDN负责组播视频存储和录制以支持回看和时移业务。
用户设备是用户使用视频直播业务的操作界面和观看界面以及用于接入的终端，不仅仅是指物理终端，也可以是家庭网关或OLT设备，用户设备包括终端和组播代理，终端负责用户登录认证、视频业务的请求、获取视频流并进行播放等，组播代理负责从CDN或组播服务器获媒体描述信息、解析相应的组播信息、支持终端加入组播 组、接收组播服务器发出的组播数据包、支持组播转单播、支持单播重传请求等。
以下结合图10和图11所示来对本公开实施方式提供的直播方法进行简要描述。
如图10所示，直播方法的直播内容注入步骤可以包括以下步骤S51至S63。
在步骤S51，直播源(Content Provider，内容提供商CP)向业务平台进行CP合法性认证，业务平台向直播源返回认证结果；若合法则执行S52，否则结束。
在步骤S52，直播源向组播管理平台发送直播业务开通请求。
在步骤S53，组播管理平台生成直播频道ID、组播地址等频道信息。
在步骤S54，组播管理平台向BIER控制器发送可用BFIR信息获取请求，BIER控制器向组播管理平台返回结果。
在步骤S55，组播管理平台收到可用BFIR信息后，生成频道信息与BFIR的映射关系，并将频道信息返回给直播源。
在步骤S56，组播管理平台将频道信息同步给业务管理平台，业务管理平台同步给CDN，CDN生成频道物理通道；如果不需要回看时移等业务，此步可以跳过。
在步骤S57，组播管理平台将频道信息同步给组播服务器。
在步骤S58，组播管理平台将频道信息同步给BIER控制器。
在步骤S59，BIER控制器将频道信息同步给BFIR，用于BFIR封装BIER格式的直播内容报文。
在步骤S60，直播源将原始直播流以单播形式注入到组播服务器。
在步骤S61，组播服务器将原始直播流转换成组播直播流。
在步骤S62，CDN节点到组播服务器拉取组播直播流进行缓存、录制等操作，提供时移回看等业务。
在步骤S63，组播服务器将组播直播流注入给BFIR。
如图11所示，直播方法的直播内容下发步骤可以包括以下步骤S71至S88。
在步骤S71，用户在终端上启动直播APP(Application，应用)，向业务平台发起登录认证，认证成功后，业务平台会返回业务信息，其中包括组播管理平台的地址；与此同时用户在AAA(Authentication)认证成功后会自动从BRAS上获取到BFER的ID，执行S72；未认证成功则结束。
在步骤S72，用户向组播管理平台发送组播代理地址请求。
在步骤S73，组播管理平台判断组播代理是否已注册可用，如果已注册则重定向到组播代理；否则注册登记组播代理后重定向。
在步骤S74，用户通过组播代理向组播管理平台获取频道信息的列表。
在步骤S75，用户从列表中选择一个频道信息请求观看。
在步骤S76，组播代理向组播管理平台上报BFER信息。
在步骤S77，组播管理平台更新用户、频道信息、BFIR、BFER之间的第二映射关系。
在步骤S78，组播管理平台将频道信息、BFIR和BFER之间的第二映射信息同步给BIER控制器。
在步骤S79，BIER控制器将第二映射关系同步给BFIR。
在步骤S80，BFIR更新本频道的BS并进行BIER格式的直播内容报文封装。
在步骤S81，BFIR根据BS与转发表进行位运算，根据位运算后的BS值，将组播直播流在BIER网内进行分发到下一跳的路由器BFR。
组播直播流形式为BIER格式的直播内容报文。BIER本地转发表根据IGP的BIER链路状态库计算生成，BIER链路状态库则由IGP(ISIS/OSPF)协议的BIER扩展洪泛生成。
在步骤S82，BFR解析BIER报文头，并重复执行S81操作，直到组播流到达接收设备BFER，BFER对BIER报文头解封装后发现本设备是目的设备，则不再转发。
在步骤S83，用户在选择频道信息后，通过组播代理加入到组播组。
在步骤S84，组播代理加入组播组。
在步骤S85，用户通过组播代理拉流观看。
在步骤S86，组播代理向BFER发送拉流请求。
在步骤S87，组播代理将组播直播流转成单播直播流返回给用户终端。；
在步骤S88，终端收到单播直播流后解码播放。
基于相同的技术构思，本公开还提供一种组播管理系统，如图12所示，可以包括：处理模块101，配置为生成并保存直播设备的频道信息与所述直播设备的可用BFIR信息之间的第一映射关系；注入模块102，配置为根据所述直播设备发送的原始直播流向所述可用BFIR信息指示的路由器注入组播直播流。
在一些实施方式中，处理模块101还配置为：响应于所述直播设备发送的直播业务开通请求，生成所述频道信息，并向位索引显式复制BIER控制器获取所述可用BFIR信息。
在一些实施方式中，注入模块102配置为：将所述直播设备发送的原始直播流转换为所述组播直播流；向所述可用BFIR信息指示的路由器发送所述组播直播流和所述频道信息。
在一些实施方式中，处理模块101还配置为：根据用户设备选择的频道信息以及所述第一映射关系确定所述用户设备对应的可用BFIR信息；生成所述用户设备发送的BFER信息、所述用户设备选择的频道信息以及所述用户设备对应的可用BFIR信息之间的第二映射关系；注入模块102配置为：将所述第二映射关系通过所述BIER控制器发送给所述用户设备对应的可用BFIR信息指示的路由器，以供该路由器根据所述第二映射关系向所述用户设备下发直播内容报文。
基于相同的技术构思，本公开还提供一种BIER控制器，如图13所示，可以包括：分配模块201，配置为响应于组播管理系统发送的可用BFIR信息获取请求，向所述组播管理系统分配可用BFIR信息。
在一些实施方式中，BIER控制器还包括发送模块，发送模块配 置为：将所述组播管理系统发送的BFER信息、频道信息以及可用BFIR信息之间的第二映射关系转发给所述第二映射关系中的可用BFIR信息指示的路由器，以供该路由器根据所述第二映射关系向用户设备下发直播内容报文。
基于相同的技术构思，本公开还提供一种路由器，如图14所示，可以包括：接收模块301，配置为接收组播管理系统通过BIER控制器发送的BFER信息、频道信息以及可用BFIR信息之间的第二映射关系；发送模块302，配置为根据所述第二映射关系向用户设备下发直播内容报文。
在一些实施方式中，接收模块301还配置为：接收组播管理系统注入的组播直播流。
在一些实施方式中，所述组播直播流对应有频道信息，发送模块302配置为：确定与所述第二映射关系中的频道信息对应的组播直播流；根据所述第二映射关系将所述确定出的组播直播流封装成BIER格式的直播内容报文；向相应的用户设备下发所述BIER格式的直播内容报文。
在一些实施方式中，发送模块302配置为：响应于所述BIER格式的直播内容报文的目的地址不为当前路由器，根据本地转发表以及所述第二映射关系确定下一跳路由器；将所述BIER格式的直播内容报文发送至所述下一跳路由器，以供所述下一跳路由器向相应的用户设备下发所述BIER格式的直播内容报文。
在一些实施方式中，发送模块302配置为：响应于所述BIER格式的直播内容报文的目的地址为当前路由器且接收到用户设备发送的拉流请求，将所述BIER格式的直播内容报文下发至发送所述拉流请求的用户设备。
此外，本公开实施方式还提供一种电子设备，包括：一个或多个处理器；存储装置，其上存储有一个或多个程序；当所述一个或多个程序被所述一个或多个处理器执行时，使得所述一个或多个处理器实现如以下任一：如前各实施方式所述的用于组播管理系统的直播方法；如前各实施方式所述的用于BIER控制器的直播方法；如前各实 施方式所述的用于路由器的直播方法。
此外，本公开还提供一种计算机存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，其中，所述程序被处理器执行时实现如以下任一：如前各实施方式所述的用于组播管理系统的直播方法；如前各实施方式所述的用于BIER控制器的直播方法；如前各实施方式所述的用于路由器的直播方法。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解，上文中所公开方法中的全部或某些步骤、装置中的功能模块/单元可以被实施为软件、固件、硬件及其适当的组合。在硬件实施方式中，在以上描述中提及的功能模块/单元之间的划分不一定对应于物理组件的划分；例如，一个物理组件可以具有多个功能，或者一个功能或步骤可以由若干物理组件合作执行。某些物理组件或所有物理组件可以被实施为由处理器，如中央处理器、数字信号处理器或微处理器执行的软件，或者被实施为硬件，或者被实施为集成电路，如专用集成电路。这样的软件可以分布在计算机可读介质上，计算机可读介质可以包括计算机存储介质(或非暂时性介质)和通信介质(或暂时性介质)。如本领域普通技术人员公知的，术语计算机存储介质包括在用于存储信息(诸如计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块或其他数据)的任何方法或技术中实施的易失性和非易失性、可移除和不可移除介质。计算机存储介质包括但不限于RAM、ROM、EEPROM、闪存或其他存储器技术、CD-ROM、数字多功能盘(DVD)或其他光盘存储、磁盒、磁带、磁盘存储或其他磁存储装置、或者可以用于存储期望的信息并且可以被计算机访问的任何其他的介质。此外，本领域普通技术人员公知的是，通信介质通常包含计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块或者诸如载波或其他传输机制之类的调制数据信号中的其他数据，并且可包括任何信息递送介质。
本文已经公开了示例实施方式，并且虽然采用了具体术语，但它们仅用于并仅应当被解释为一般说明性含义，并且不用于限制的目的。在一些实例中，对本领域技术人员显而易见的是，除非另外明确指出，否则可单独使用与特定实施方式相结合描述的特征、特性和/ 或元素，或可与其他实施方式相结合描述的特征、特性和/或元件组合使用。因此，本领域技术人员将理解，在不脱离由所附的权利要求阐明的本公开的范围的情况下，可进行各种形式和细节上的改变。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种直播方法，用于组播管理系统，所述直播方法包括直播内容注入步骤，所述直播内容注入步骤包括：
    生成并保存直播设备的频道信息与所述直播设备的可用位索引显式复制入口路由器BFIR信息之间的第一映射关系；
    根据所述直播设备发送的原始直播流向所述可用BFIR信息指示的路由器注入组播直播流。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，在所述生成并保存直播设备的频道信息与所述直播设备的可用BFIR信息之间的第一映射关系之前，所述直播内容注入步骤还包括：
    响应于所述直播设备发送的直播业务开通请求，生成所述频道信息，并向位索引显式复制BIER控制器获取所述可用BFIR信息。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，所述根据所述直播设备发送的原始直播流向所述可用BFIR信息指示的路由器注入组播直播流包括：
    将所述直播设备发送的原始直播流转换为所述组播直播流；
    向所述可用BFIR信息指示的路由器发送所述组播直播流和所述频道信息。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，所述方法还包括直播内容下发步骤，所述直播内容下发步骤包括：
    根据用户设备选择的频道信息以及所述第一映射关系确定所述用户设备对应的可用BFIR信息；
    生成所述用户设备发送的BFER信息、所述用户设备选择的频道信息以及所述用户设备对应的可用BFIR信息之间的第二映射关系；
    将所述第二映射关系通过所述BIER控制器发送给所述用户设备对应的可用BFIR信息指示的路由器，以供该路由器根据所述第二 映射关系向所述用户设备下发直播内容报文。
  5. 一种直播方法，用于BIER控制器，所述直播方法包括直播内容注入步骤，所述直播内容注入步骤包括：
    响应于组播管理系统发送的可用BFIR信息获取请求，向所述组播管理系统分配可用BFIR信息。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中，所述直播方法还包括直播内容下发步骤，所述直播内容下发步骤包括：
    将所述组播管理系统发送的BFER信息、频道信息以及可用BFIR信息之间的第二映射关系转发给所述第二映射关系中的可用BFIR信息指示的路由器，以供该路由器根据所述第二映射关系向用户设备下发直播内容报文。
  7. 一种直播方法，用于路由器，所述直播方法包括直播内容下发步骤，所述直播内容下发步骤包括：
    接收组播管理系统通过BIER控制器发送的BFER信息、频道信息以及可用BFIR信息之间的第二映射关系；
    根据所述第二映射关系向用户设备下发直播内容报文。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中，所述直播方法还包括直播内容注入步骤，所述直播内容注入步骤包括：
    接收组播管理系统注入的组播直播流。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述组播直播流对应有频道信息，所述根据所述第二映射关系向用户设备下发直播内容报文包括：
    确定与所述第二映射关系中的频道信息对应的组播直播流；
    根据所述第二映射关系将所述确定出的组播直播流封装成BIER格式的直播内容报文；
    向相应的用户设备下发所述BIER格式的直播内容报文。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中，所述向相应的用户设备下发所述BIER格式的直播内容报文包括：
    响应于所述BIER格式的直播内容报文的目的地址不为当前路由器，根据本地转发表以及所述第二映射关系确定下一跳路由器；
    将所述BIER格式的直播内容报文发送至所述下一跳路由器，以供所述下一跳路由器向相应的用户设备下发所述BIER格式的直播内容报文。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中，所述向相应的用户设备下发所述BIER格式的直播内容报文包括：
    响应于所述BIER格式的直播内容报文的目的地址为当前路由器且接收到用户设备发送的拉流请求，将所述BIER格式的直播内容报文下发至发送所述拉流请求的用户设备。
  12. 一种组播管理系统，包括：
    处理模块，配置为生成并保存直播设备的频道信息与所述直播设备的可用BFIR信息之间的第一映射关系；
    注入模块，配置为根据所述直播设备发送的原始直播流向所述可用BFIR信息指示的路由器注入组播直播流。
  13. 一种BIER控制器，包括：
    分配模块，配置为响应于组播管理系统发送的可用BFIR信息获取请求，向所述组播管理系统分配可用BFIR信息。
  14. 一种路由器，包括：
    接收模块，配置为接收组播管理系统通过BIER控制器发送的BFER信息、频道信息以及可用BFIR信息之间的第二映射关系；
    发送模块，配置为根据所述第二映射关系向用户设备下发直播 内容报文。
  15. 一种电子设备，包括：
    一个或多个处理器；
    存储装置，其上存储有一个或多个程序；
    当所述一个或多个程序被所述一个或多个处理器执行时，使得所述一个或多个处理器实现如以下任一：
    如权利要求1-4中任意一项所述的直播方法；
    如权利要求5-6中任意一项所述的直播方法；
    如权利要求7-11中任意一项所述的直播方法。
  16. 一种计算机存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，其中，所述程序被处理器执行时实现如以下任一：
    如权利要求1-4中任意一项所述的直播方法；
    如权利要求5-6中任意一项所述的直播方法；
    如权利要求7-11中任意一项所述的直播方法。
PCT/CN2022/130312 2021-11-11 2022-11-07 直播方法、系统、bier控制器、路由器、设备及可读介质 WO2023083136A1 (zh)

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