WO2023077862A1 - 一种基于边缘计算的变压器储油柜缺陷监测装置及检测方法 - Google Patents

一种基于边缘计算的变压器储油柜缺陷监测装置及检测方法 Download PDF

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WO2023077862A1
WO2023077862A1 PCT/CN2022/105947 CN2022105947W WO2023077862A1 WO 2023077862 A1 WO2023077862 A1 WO 2023077862A1 CN 2022105947 W CN2022105947 W CN 2022105947W WO 2023077862 A1 WO2023077862 A1 WO 2023077862A1
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Prior art keywords
oil
defect
oil conservator
microwave
conservator
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PCT/CN2022/105947
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李劲松
俞华
陈青松
刘宏
李国栋
穆广祺
李帅
董理科
赵金
原辉
王璇
芦竹茂
姜敏
王帅
常圣志
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国网山西省电力公司电力科学研究院
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Priority to US17/947,201 priority Critical patent/US20230146976A1/en
Publication of WO2023077862A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023077862A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
    • G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
    • G01F23/284—Electromagnetic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
    • H01F27/10—Liquid cooling
    • H01F27/12—Oil cooling
    • H01F27/14—Expansion chambers; Oil conservators; Gas cushions; Arrangements for purifying, drying, or filling

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of oil conservator for electric power oil immersion equipment, and in particular relates to a defect monitoring device and detection method for a transformer oil conservator based on edge computing.
  • Oil-immersed transformer is the most important equipment in power transmission and transformation equipment, and its safe and reliable operation is very important.
  • the oil conservator is one of the most important components in the oil-immersed transformer. Its function is mainly to buffer the volume change caused by the temperature change of the oil in the oil tank during the operation of the transformer.
  • the oil conservator is set above the transformer oil tank, usually communicated with the moisture absorber, and kept unimpeded with the external atmosphere. When the transformer oil temperature rises, the oil volume expands, and the oil conservator exhales gas to the outside; when the transformer oil temperature decreases, the oil volume shrinks, and the gas is sucked from the atmosphere, which is the respiration of the oil conservator.
  • a capsule bag is added to the inner wall of the oil conservator.
  • the interior of the capsule bag communicates with the atmosphere through a moisture absorber and its connecting pipe. There is no air between the oil surface and the oil surface, which isolates the contact between the oil surface and the air, prevents the oil from oxidizing, and prevents external moisture and impurities from entering.
  • the desiccant of the desiccant absorbs moisture and agglomerates
  • the blockage of the moisture absorber will lead to the blockage of the breathing circuit of the oil storage tank, and in severe cases, the oil injection of the transformer will be shut down
  • the fourth is the false oil level in the oil storage tank, which is not easy to find in daily inspections and seriously affects the safe operation of the transformer.
  • the present invention overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art, and provides a transformer oil conservator defect monitoring device and detection method based on edge computing, which can detect damage to the oil conservator capsule, partial blockage of the breathing circuit, leakage of the breathing circuit, and breathing connection tubes.
  • Effective monitoring and identification of defects such as moisture impurities, false oil level, etc., through the relationship between the relative change of oil temperature and the exhaled and inhaled air flow of the oil conservator, combined with microwave detection of the oil level of the oil conservator, using a non-contact method Detect and diagnose the defect of the oil conservator.
  • the present invention sends an alarm command to the client terminal of the transformer operator in real time through the cloud platform, which wins valuable processing time for the inspection and maintenance of the transformer operator, and greatly improves Improve work efficiency and further ensure the safe operation of power equipment.
  • a transformer oil conservator defect monitoring device based on edge computing including: a sensing terminal, an edge intelligent gateway, a monitoring terminal, an oil conservator defect monitoring cloud platform, and a client terminal, and the edge intelligent gateway and monitoring terminal are both set in a substation , the monitoring terminal is used to access the edge intelligent gateway, the sensing terminal includes: a gas flowmeter, an oil temperature sensor, an ambient temperature sensor and a microwave oil level measurement component, the gas flowmeter is arranged on the breathing connecting pipe, The gas flowmeter is used to measure the breathing gas flow rate of the oil conservator.
  • the oil temperature sensor is arranged at the lower part of the side end of the oil conservator. The probe of the oil temperature sensor penetrates into the oil conservator and is immersed in the transformer oil.
  • the oil temperature sensor is used to measure the oil temperature of the oil conservator, the ambient temperature sensor is arranged outside the oil conservator, the ambient temperature sensor is used to measure the ambient temperature, and the microwave oil level measurement component is arranged The top of the inner wall of the oil tank, and the microwave oil level measuring component is far away from the capsule, and the microwave oil level measuring component is used to measure the oil level height of the oil conservator;
  • the sensing terminal sends the detection data to the edge intelligent gateway, and the oil level gauge that comes with the oil storage tank also sends its data information to the edge intelligent gateway, and the edge intelligent gateway stores and judges and evaluates the detection data.
  • the above-mentioned edge intelligent gateway sends the evaluation results judged to be defective and the corresponding data to the oil storage tank defect monitoring cloud platform, and the oil storage tank defect monitoring cloud platform sends an alarm command to the client terminal, and the client terminal can be a personal computer PC or a tablet computer. or smart phones, the alarm command can be an email prompt alarm or a short message prompt alarm, and at the same time, the staff can use the client terminal to access the oil storage tank defect monitoring cloud platform to query specific data information.
  • the monitoring terminal is used to access the edge intelligent gateway, substation Internal staff can access the data content in the edge intelligent gateway through the monitoring terminal at any time, which is convenient for local staff to operate.
  • the microwave oil level measurement assembly includes: a microwave transmitting antenna and a microwave receiving antenna, both of the microwave transmitting antenna and the microwave receiving antenna are set towards the oil surface, and the microwave transmitting antenna and the microwave receiving antenna The upper ends are all fixed on the top of the inner wall of the oil conservator, and the transmitting end of the microwave transmitting antenna and the receiving end of the microwave receiving antenna are located on the same horizontal plane.
  • the sensing terminal communicates with the edge intelligent gateway through the ZigBee network
  • the edge intelligent gateway communicates with the monitoring terminal through the ZigBee network
  • the edge intelligent gateway communicates with the oil storage tank defect monitoring cloud platform through the GPRS network.
  • gas flow meter is arranged close to the moisture absorber, so that the data detection of the gas flow meter is more accurate.
  • the gas flow meter adopts two-way gas flow measurement, the measurement range is -200slpm ⁇ +200slpm, the total error band is not greater than 3% of reading, and the response time is not greater than 1ms.
  • Both the oil temperature sensor and the ambient temperature sensor are platinum resistance sensors, the measuring range of the sensors is -40°C to 120°C, and the accuracy reaches ⁇ 0.5°C.
  • the edge intelligent gateway adopts ARM Cortex-A7 processor, 1GB RAM, 8GB eMMC.
  • a defect detection method for a transformer oil conservator based on edge computing comprising the following steps:
  • the sensing terminal monitors the following data in real time: breathing gas flow rate of the oil conservator, oil temperature of the oil conservator, ambient temperature, microwave transmission power and microwave reception power;
  • step S3 Perform real-time monitoring data sampling to form a breathing gas flow graph; when the ambient temperature changes within 10°C and the oil temperature of the oil conservator changes to 4°C, compare the real-time monitored breathing gas flow peak value V m of the oil conservator with the Compare the peak value V a of the breathing gas flow rate of the oil conservator under the same conditions in the past month. If the difference is greater than or equal to 15%, go to step S4; There are four types of defects in the connecting pipe: moisture and impurities;
  • t h is the duration of a single exhalation monitored in real time
  • t x is the duration of a single inhalation monitored in real time
  • t ha is the average duration of a single exhalation in the past month
  • t xa is the duration of a single inhalation in the past month Average duration of a single inhalation
  • the edge intelligent gateway sends the evaluation result, including comprehensive evaluation coefficients and defect information, and corresponding data to the oil storage tank defect monitoring cloud platform;
  • the oil conservator defect monitoring cloud platform sends an alarm command to the client terminal, and the staff accesses the oil conservator defect monitoring cloud platform through the client terminal to view specific information.
  • H is the height from the bottom end to the top inside the oil storage tank, d is the distance between the transmitting end of the microwave transmitting antenna and the oil surface, and h is the distance between the transmitting end of the microwave transmitting antenna and the internal top of the oil storage tank;
  • S is the distance between the transmitting end of the microwave transmitting antenna and the receiving end of the microwave receiving antenna
  • ⁇ is the wavelength
  • P t is the microwave power transmitted by the microwave transmitting antenna
  • G t is the gain of the microwave transmitting antenna
  • P r is the microwave receiving
  • the detection power of the antenna G r is the gain of the microwave receiving antenna.
  • the microwave transmitted by the microwave transmitting antenna is reflected by the oil surface and then enters the microwave receiving antenna.
  • the detection power and gain of the microwave receiving antenna are different with the oil level.
  • the microwave power is also different, so d can be calculated from the above data.
  • the eigenvalue p k is 2, otherwise p k is 1;
  • the eigenvalue d k is 2, otherwise d k is 1;
  • the characteristic value x k is 2, otherwise x k is 1;
  • the eigenvalue s k is 2, otherwise s k is 1;
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects.
  • the gas flow meter, oil temperature sensor and ambient temperature sensor used in the present invention are simple to arrange and install, and have strong practicability; by monitoring the relative change of the transformer oil temperature and combining with the big data of the transformer's historical breathing, the change of the breathing related parameters of the oil conservator is analyzed Combining microwave detection of the oil level of the oil conservator, comprehensively researching and judging the common defects of the oil conservator, such as capsule cracks and damage, false oil level, etc., and evaluating the severity of the defects of the oil conservator. Operability is strong.
  • the invention adopts a non-contact detection method, which has no negative effect on the operation of the transformer.
  • the detection is safe, reliable and effective, and solves the problem of sensing failure caused by the traditional method of using built-in multiple sensors during long-term operation and other quality problems caused by improper installation.
  • the problem is that the invented oil storage tank monitoring device is based on the edge computing network architecture, so that the operation and maintenance personnel can remotely grasp the operation status of the oil storage tank at any time, and at the same time solve the problems of high latency, network instability and low bandwidth under the traditional Internet of Things cloud computing.
  • the breathing condition of the transformer can be monitored in real time, the oil circulation of the transformer body can be known in time, and the internal local overheating caused by poor oil circulation can be avoided, resulting in damage to the transformer.
  • the present invention greatly saves manpower and material resources and effectively improves the safe operation level of the transformer And substation intelligent operation and maintenance level, broad application prospects
  • the present invention adopts the edge intelligent gateway with computing function, the edge intelligent gateway can realize the storage and processing function of detection data information, and can directly use the monitoring terminal in the existing substation to access the edge intelligent gateway, which greatly reduces the transformation cost cost.
  • Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of installation of a sensing terminal according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a graph of the gas flow velocity when capsule breakage defects occur in the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a graph of the gas flow rate when the defect of partial blockage of the breathing circuit occurs in the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a graph of the gas flow rate when the leakage defect of the breathing circuit occurs in the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a graph of the gas flow rate when there is a moisture impurity defect in the breathing tube of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the microwave oil level measuring assembly of the present invention.
  • 1 is the oil conservator
  • 2 is the capsule
  • 3 is the breathing tube
  • 4 is the moisture absorber
  • 5 is the gas flow meter
  • 6 is the oil temperature sensor
  • 7 is the ambient temperature sensor
  • 8 is the oil level gauge
  • 9 is the A microwave transmitting antenna
  • 10 is a microwave receiving antenna.
  • a transformer oil conservator defect monitoring device based on edge computing is characterized in that it includes: a sensing terminal, an edge intelligent gateway, a monitoring terminal, an oil conservator defect monitoring cloud platform, and a client terminal. Both the edge intelligent gateway and the monitoring terminal are set in the substation, the monitoring terminal is used to access the edge intelligent gateway, and the sensing terminal includes: gas flow meter 5, oil temperature sensor 6, ambient temperature sensor 7 and microwave oil level measurement Assemblies, the gas flow meter 5 is arranged on the breathing connecting pipe 3, the gas flow meter 5 is used to measure the breathing gas flow of the oil conservator, the oil temperature sensor 6 is arranged at the lower part of the side end of the oil conservator 1, and the The probe of the oil temperature sensor 6 penetrates into the oil conservator 1 and is immersed in the transformer oil.
  • the oil temperature sensor 6 is used to measure the oil temperature of the oil conservator.
  • the ambient temperature sensor 7 is arranged in the oil conservator 1 outside, the ambient temperature sensor 7 is used to measure the ambient temperature, the microwave oil level measurement assembly is arranged on the top of the inner wall of the oil conservator 1, and the microwave oil level measurement assembly is far away from the capsule 2, the microwave oil level measurement The component is used to measure the oil level of the oil conservator;
  • the sensing terminal sends the detection data to the edge intelligent gateway, and the oil level gauge 8 of the oil storage tank also sends its data information to the edge intelligent gateway, and the edge intelligent gateway stores and judges and evaluates the detection data,
  • the edge intelligent gateway sends the evaluation results judged to be defective and the corresponding data to the oil storage tank defect monitoring cloud platform, and the oil storage tank defect monitoring cloud platform sends an alarm command to the client terminal.
  • the microwave oil level measurement assembly includes: a microwave transmitting antenna 9 and a microwave receiving antenna 10, both of the microwave transmitting antenna 9 and the microwave receiving antenna 10 are set towards the oil surface, and the microwave transmitting antenna 9 and the microwave receiving antenna The upper ends of the antennas 10 are fixed on the top of the inner wall of the oil conservator 1 , and the transmitting end of the microwave transmitting antenna 9 and the receiving end of the microwave receiving antenna 10 are located on the same horizontal plane.
  • the sensing terminal communicates with the edge intelligent gateway through the ZigBee network, the edge intelligent gateway communicates with the monitoring terminal through the ZigBee network, and the edge intelligent gateway communicates with the oil storage tank defect monitoring cloud platform through the GPRS network.
  • the gas flow meter 5 is set close to the moisture absorber 4 .
  • the gas flow meter 5 adopts two-way gas flow measurement, the measurement range is -200slpm ⁇ +200slpm, the total error band is not more than 3% of the reading, and the response time is not more than 1ms.
  • the oil temperature sensor 6 and the ambient temperature sensor 7 are both platinum resistance sensors, and the measuring range of the sensors is -40°C to 120°C, and the accuracy reaches ⁇ 0.5°C.
  • the edge intelligent gateway adopts ARM Cortex-A7 processor, 1GB RAM, 8GB eMMC.
  • the client terminal can be a personal computer PC, a tablet computer or a smart phone, and at the same time, it supports email notification alarms for PCs and tablet computers, and SMS notification alarms for smartphones.
  • a defect detection method for a transformer oil conservator based on edge computing comprising the following steps:
  • the sensing terminal monitors the following data in real time: breathing gas flow rate of the oil conservator, oil temperature of the oil conservator, ambient temperature, microwave transmission power and microwave reception power;
  • step S3 Perform real-time monitoring data sampling to form a breathing gas flow graph; when the ambient temperature changes within 10°C and the oil temperature of the oil conservator changes to 4°C, compare the real-time monitored breathing gas flow peak value V m of the oil conservator with the Compare the peak value V a of the breathing gas flow rate of the oil conservator under the same conditions in the past month. If the difference is greater than or equal to 15%, go to step S4; There are four types of defects in the connecting pipe: moisture and impurities;
  • t h is the duration of a single exhalation monitored in real time
  • t x is the duration of a single inhalation monitored in real time
  • t ha is the average duration of a single exhalation in the past month
  • t xa is the duration of a single inhalation in the past month Average duration of a single inhalation
  • the edge intelligent gateway sends the evaluation result and corresponding data to the oil storage tank defect monitoring cloud platform;
  • the oil conservator defect monitoring cloud platform sends an alarm command to the client terminal, and the staff accesses the oil conservator defect monitoring cloud platform through the client terminal to view specific information.
  • H is the height from the bottom end to the top inside the oil storage tank, d is the distance between the transmitting end of the microwave transmitting antenna and the oil surface, and h is the distance between the transmitting end of the microwave transmitting antenna and the internal top of the oil storage tank;
  • the eigenvalue p k is 2, otherwise p k is 1;
  • the eigenvalue d k is 2, otherwise d k is 1;
  • the characteristic value x k is 2, otherwise x k is 1;
  • the eigenvalue s k is 2, otherwise s k is 1;

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
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Abstract

一种基于边缘计算的变压器储油柜缺陷监测装置，包括：感知终端、边缘智能网关、监控终端、储油柜缺陷监控云平台和客户终端；边缘智能网关和监控终端均设置于变电站内，感知终端包括：气体流量计、油温传感器、环境温度传感器和微波油位测量组件。还提供一种基于边缘计算的变压器储油柜缺陷检测方法，感知终端将检测数据信息发送至边缘智能网关，边缘智能网关对检测数据信息进行存储和判断分类，及时识别判断储油柜胶囊破损、呼吸回路部分堵塞、呼吸回路泄漏、呼吸连管存在水分杂质和储油柜假油位这五类缺陷，并评估储油柜缺陷严重程度。

Description

一种基于边缘计算的变压器储油柜缺陷监测装置及检测方法 技术领域
本发明属于电力油浸设备储油柜技术领域，具体涉及一种基于边缘计算的变压器储油柜缺陷监测装置及检测方法。
背景技术
油浸式变压器是输变电设备中最重要的设备，它的安全可靠运行至关重要。储油柜是油浸式变压器中最重要的部件之一，其作用主要是在变压器运行过程中缓冲油箱内油温变化而引起的体积变化。储油柜设置在变压器油箱上方，通常与吸湿器连通，并和外部大气保持畅通。当变压器油温升高时油体积膨胀，储油柜中向外部呼出气体；当变压器油温降低时油体积收缩，气体从大气被吸入，这就是储油柜的呼吸作用。常用的胶囊储油柜中是在储油柜的内壁增加了一个胶囊袋，胶囊袋内部经过吸湿器及其连管与大气相通，胶囊袋的底面紧贴地浮在储油柜上，使胶囊袋和油面之间没有空气，隔绝了油面和空气的接触，阻止油氧化、防止外界湿气、杂质进入。
在电力行业，由于变压器长时间运行，时常发生储油柜故障，给变压器运行维护带来极大的困难，严重时造成变压器损坏而停运。某直流输电工程曾多次出现换流变压器油枕气囊破裂事件，严重威胁到直流输电工程的稳定运行。目前储油柜运行中存在的主要问题是：一是胶囊老化、龟裂或因安装不当造成的破损，使之丧失保护功能，同时胶囊由于在储油柜内部其是否破损、折叠难以观察；二是储油柜与各部件和管路的连接处，由于变压器振动、安装质量不过关等易出现渗漏现象，进入空气水分，影响油的质量造成绝缘降低；三是吸湿器干燥剂受潮结块堵塞吸湿器，导致储油柜呼吸回路堵塞，严重时导致变压器喷油停运；四是储油柜出现假油位，在日常巡视检查中不易发现，严重影响变压器的安全运行。
目前公开的相关技术中，有关电力变压器储油柜检测的方法大都是在胶囊内部设置传感器，变压器长期运行时传感器检测易失效，还可能给胶囊带来其他的问题。如文献“换流变压器油枕胶囊破裂监测装置研究”(《电子世界》2015年24期)，在胶囊内部放置棱镜镜头、光纤线等，长期运行会给胶囊带来其他的负面影响。申请号为202110178347.5的中国发明专利公开了一种用于储油柜的在线智能监测装置传感器组和健康状态值计算方法，通过9个传感器及其对应参数信号的计算，得到储油柜健康状态值。但其健康状态值计算过程未见考虑储 油柜运行原理，且涉及传感器多达9个，这些设置在内部的传感器长时间运行容易诱发其他问题，导致变压器储油柜的故障，造成变压器损坏。
发明内容
本发明克服了现有技术存在的不足，提供了一种基于边缘计算的变压器储油柜缺陷监测装置及检测方法，实现对储油柜胶囊破损、呼吸回路部分堵塞、呼吸回路泄漏、呼吸连管存在水分杂质、假油位等缺陷的有效监测识别，通过油温的相对变化与储油柜呼出、吸入的空气流量的关系，结合微波检测储油柜油位情况，采用非接触式的方式来检测诊断储油柜的缺陷，一旦检测诊断出储油柜缺陷，本发明通过云平台实时向变压器运行人员的客户终端发送告警指令，为变压器运行人员检修和维护赢得了宝贵的处理时间，大幅提高了工作效率，进一步保障了电力设备的安全运行。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案为：
一种基于边缘计算的变压器储油柜缺陷监测装置，包括：感知终端、边缘智能网关、监控终端、储油柜缺陷监控云平台和客户终端，所述边缘智能网关和监控终端均设置于变电站内，所述监控终端用于访问所述边缘智能网关，所述感知终端包括：气体流量计、油温传感器、环境温度传感器和微波油位测量组件，所述气体流量计设置于呼吸连管上，所述气体流量计用于测量储油柜呼吸气体流量，所述油温传感器设置于储油柜的侧端下部，所述油温传感器的探头贯穿伸入储油柜内部且浸入变压器油中，所述油温传感器用于测量储油柜油温，所述环境温度传感器设置于所述储油柜的外部，所述环境温度传感器用于测量环境温度，所述微波油位测量组件设置于储油柜的内壁顶端，且所述微波油位测量组件远离胶囊，所述微波油位测量组件用于测量储油柜油位高度；
所述感知终端将检测数据发送至所述边缘智能网关，储油柜自带的油位计也将其数据信息发送至边缘智能网关，所述边缘智能网关对检测数据进行存储和判断评估，所述边缘智能网关将判断为存在缺陷的评估结果及其对应数据发送至储油柜缺陷监控云平台，储油柜缺陷监控云平台发送告警指令至客户终端，客户终端可采用个人电脑PC、平板电脑或智能手机，告警指令可为邮件提示报警或短信提示报警，同时工作人员可使用客户终端访问储油柜缺陷监控云平台查询具体数据信息，所述监控终端用于访问所述边缘智能网关，变电站内工作人员可随时通过监控终端访问所述边缘智能网关中的数据内容，方便本地工作人员操作。
进一步的，所述微波油位测量组件包括：微波发射天线和微波接收天线，所述微波发射天线和所述微波接收天线均朝向油面设置，且所述微波发射天线和所述微波接收天线的上端 均固定于所述储油柜的内壁顶端，且所述微波发射天线的发射端与所述微波接收天线的接收端位于同一水平面。
进一步的，所述感知终端通过ZigBee网络与边缘智能网关通讯，所述边缘智能网关通过ZigBee网络与监控终端通讯，所述边缘智能网关通过GPRS网络与储油柜缺陷监控云平台通讯。
进一步的，所述气体流量计靠近吸湿器设置，使得气体流量计的数据检测更加准确。
进一步的，所述气体流量计采用双向气体流量测量，测量范围为-200slpm～+200slpm，总误差带不大于3％读数，响应时间不大于1ms。
所述油温传感器和所述环境温度传感器均为铂电阻传感器，传感器测量范围为-40℃～120℃，精度达到±0.5℃。
边缘智能网关采用ARM Cortex-A7处理器，1GB RAM，8GB eMMC。
一种基于边缘计算的变压器储油柜缺陷检测方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、感知终端实时监测以下数据：储油柜呼吸气体流量、储油柜油温、环境温度、微波发射功率和微波接收功率；
S2、进行储油柜假油位的缺陷判断，通过微波发射功率和微波接收功率计算油位实际高度D 1，储油柜自带的油位计将数据信息发送至边缘智能网关，边缘智能网关将油位实际高度D 1与储油柜自带的油位计显示值D求差，当差值大于3cm时，判定有储油柜假油位缺陷，否则不存在储油柜假油位缺陷；
S3、进行实时监测数据采样，形成呼吸气体流量曲线图；在环境温度变化为10℃以内、且储油柜油温变化为4℃时，将实时监测的储油柜呼吸气体流量峰值V m与近一个月同条件下的储油柜呼吸气体流量峰值平均值V a进行比较，若相差大于等于15％，则进行步骤S4，否则判定不存在胶囊破损、呼吸回路部分堵塞、呼吸回路泄漏或呼吸连管存在水分杂质这四类缺陷；
S4、当V m≥1.2V a，且t h≤0.9t ha，t x≤0.9t xa时，判定有胶囊破损缺陷；
其中t h为实时监测的单次呼气持续时长，t x为实时监测的单次吸气持续时长，t ha为近一个月的单次呼气持续时长平均值，t xa为近一个月的单次吸气持续时长平均值；
当V m≤0.8V a，且t h≥1.1t ha，t x≥1.1t xa时，判定有呼吸回路部分堵塞缺陷；
当V m≤0.8V a，且|t h-t ha|＜0.05t ha，|t x-t xa|＜0.05t xa时，判定有呼吸回路 泄漏缺陷；
当V m≤0.85V a，且单次呼气、吸气过程的流量穿零数x 0较近一个月的流量穿零数平均值x a0增加2倍及以上，判定有呼吸连管存在水分杂质缺陷；
S5、计算储油柜缺陷检测综合评估系数，得到缺陷严重程度；
S6、当缺陷严重程度为一般缺陷或严重缺陷时，边缘智能网关发送评估结果，包括综合评估系数和缺陷信息、相应数据至储油柜缺陷监控云平台；
S7、储油柜缺陷监控云平台发送告警指令至客户终端，工作人员通过客户终端访问储油柜缺陷监控云平台查看具体信息。
进一步的，所述步骤S2中油位实际高度D 1的计算公式如下：
D 1＝H-d-h
其中H为储油箱内部底端至顶端的高度，d为微波发射天线的发射端与油面之间的距离，h为微波发射天线的发射端与储油箱内部顶端之间的距离；
Figure PCTCN2022105947-appb-000001
其中，S为微波发射天线的发射端与微波接收天线的接收端之间的距离，λ为波长，P t为微波发射天线发射微波功率，G t为微波发射天线的增益，P r为微波接收天线的检测功率，G r为微波接收天线的增益，微波发射天线发射微波经油面反射后进入微波接收天线，微波接收天线检测功率和增益，随着油位高度不同，微波接收天线收到的微波功率也不同，因此可以通过上述数据来计算d。
进一步的，储油柜缺陷检测综合评估系数c k的计算公式如下：
Figure PCTCN2022105947-appb-000002
其中，当有胶囊破损缺陷时，特征值p k为2，否则p k为1；
当有呼吸回路部分堵塞缺陷时，特征值d k为2，否则d k为1；
当有呼吸回路泄漏缺陷时，特征值x k为2，否则x k为1；
当有呼吸连管存在水分杂质缺陷时，特征值s k为2，否则s k为1；
当有储油柜假油位缺陷时，特征值j k为2，否则j k为1；
根据储油柜缺陷检测综合评估系数c k的值判断缺陷严重程度：
当c k＝4时，无缺陷；
当4＜c k≤4.8时，存在一般缺陷；
当c k＞4.8时，存在严重缺陷。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下有益效果。
本发明所采用的气体流量计、油温传感器和环境温度传感器布置安装简单、实用性强；通过监测变压器油温的相对变化与结合变压器历史呼吸大数据比对分析储油柜呼吸相关参数的变化，结合微波检测储油柜油位情况，综合研判储油柜常见的胶囊龟裂破损、假油位等相关缺陷并评估储油柜缺陷严重程度，本发明属原创技术，该技术判定方法明确，操作性强。
本发明采用非接触式的检测方式，对变压器运行没有任何负作用，检测安全、可靠、有效，解决了传统方法采用内置多个传感器在长期运行时带来的传感失效及安装不当诱发其他质量问题，发明的储油柜监测装置基于边缘计算网络架构，使运维人员可以远程随时掌握储油柜运行状态，同时解决了传统物联网云计算下高延迟、网络不稳定和低带宽问题。
通过本发明，实时监测反映变压器的呼吸状况，及时知晓变压器本体油的循环情况，避免油循环不畅引发内部局部过热，造成变压器损坏，本发明大大节约人力物力的同时有力提升了变压器安全运行水平和变电站智能运维水平，应用前景广阔
本发明采用具有计算功能的边缘智能网关，边缘智能网关可实现对检测数据信息的存储和处理功能，同时可直接利用现有变电站中的监控终端对边缘智能网关进行访问，大幅度降低了改造的成本。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的说明。
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
图2为本发明感知终端的安装示意图。
图3为本发明出现胶囊破损缺陷时的气体流速曲线图。
图4为本发明出现呼吸回路部分堵塞缺陷时的气体流速曲线图。
图5为本发明出现呼吸回路泄漏缺陷时的气体流速曲线图。
图6为本发明出现呼吸连管存在水分杂质缺陷时的气体流速曲线图。
图7为本发明微波油位测量组件的示意图。
图中：1为储油柜，2为胶囊，3为呼吸连管，4为吸湿器，5为气体流量计，6为油温传感器，7为环境温度传感器，8为油位计，9为微波发射天线，10为微波接收天线。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
如图1、图2，一种基于边缘计算的变压器储油柜缺陷监测装置，其特征在于，包括：感知终端、边缘智能网关、监控终端、储油柜缺陷监控云平台和客户终端，所述边缘智能网关和监控终端均设置于变电站内，所述监控终端用于访问所述边缘智能网关，所述感知终端包括：气体流量计5、油温传感器6、环境温度传感器7和微波油位测量组件，所述气体流量计5设置于呼吸连管3上，所述气体流量计5用于测量储油柜呼吸气体流量，所述油温传感器6设置于储油柜1的侧端下部，所述油温传感器6的探头贯穿伸入储油柜1内部且浸入变压器油中，所述油温传感器6用于测量储油柜油温，所述环境温度传感器7设置于所述储油柜1的外部，所述环境温度传感器7用于测量环境温度，所述微波油位测量组件设置于储油柜1的内壁顶端，且所述微波油位测量组件远离胶囊2，所述微波油位测量组件用于测量储油柜油位高度；
所述感知终端将检测数据发送至所述边缘智能网关，储油柜自带的油位计8也将其数据信息发送至边缘智能网关，所述边缘智能网关对检测数据进行存储和判断评估，所述边缘智能网关将判断为存在缺陷的评估结果及其对应数据发送至储油柜缺陷监控云平台，储油柜缺陷监控云平台发送告警指令至客户终端。
所述微波油位测量组件包括：微波发射天线9和微波接收天线10，所述微波发射天线9和所述微波接收天线10均朝向油面设置，且所述微波发射天线9和所述微波接收天线10的上端均固定于所述储油柜1的内壁顶端，且所述微波发射天线9的发射端与所述微波接收天线10的接收端位于同一水平面。
所述感知终端通过ZigBee网络与边缘智能网关通讯，所述边缘智能网关通过ZigBee网络与监控终端通讯，所述边缘智能网关通过GPRS网络与储油柜缺陷监控云平台通讯。
所述气体流量计5靠近吸湿器4设置。
所述气体流量计5采用双向气体流量测量，测量范围为-200slpm～+200slpm，总误差带不 大于3％读数，响应时间不大于1ms。
所述油温传感器6和所述环境温度传感器7均为铂电阻传感器，传感器测量范围为-40℃～120℃，精度达到±0.5℃。
边缘智能网关采用ARM Cortex-A7处理器，1GB RAM，8GB eMMC。
客户终端可采用个人电脑PC、平板电脑或智能手机，同时支持PC和平板电脑邮件提示报警，智能手机短信提示报警。
一种基于边缘计算的变压器储油柜缺陷检测方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、感知终端实时监测以下数据：储油柜呼吸气体流量、储油柜油温、环境温度、微波发射功率和微波接收功率；
S2、进行储油柜假油位的缺陷判断，通过微波发射功率和微波接收功率计算油位实际高度D 1，储油柜自带的油位计将数据信息发送至边缘智能网关，边缘智能网关将油位实际高度D 1与储油柜自带的油位计8显示值D求差，当差值大于3cm时，判定有储油柜假油位缺陷，否则不存在储油柜假油位缺陷；
S3、进行实时监测数据采样，形成呼吸气体流量曲线图；在环境温度变化为10℃以内、且储油柜油温变化为4℃时，将实时监测的储油柜呼吸气体流量峰值V m与近一个月同条件下的储油柜呼吸气体流量峰值平均值V a进行比较，若相差大于等于15％，则进行步骤S4，否则判定不存在胶囊破损、呼吸回路部分堵塞、呼吸回路泄漏或呼吸连管存在水分杂质这四类缺陷；
S4、如图3，当V m≥1.2V a，且t h≤0.9t ha，t x≤0.9t xa时，判定有胶囊破损缺陷；
其中t h为实时监测的单次呼气持续时长，t x为实时监测的单次吸气持续时长，t ha为近一个月的单次呼气持续时长平均值，t xa为近一个月的单次吸气持续时长平均值；
如图4，当V m≤0.8V a，且t h≥1.1t ha，t x≥1.1t xa时，判定有呼吸回路部分堵塞缺陷；
如图5，当V m≤0.8V a，且|t h-t ha|＜0.05t ha，|t x-t xa|＜0.05t xa时，判定有呼吸回路泄漏缺陷；
如图6，当V m≤0.85V a，且单次呼气、吸气过程的流量穿零数x 0较近一个月的流量穿零数平均值x a0增加2倍及以上，判定有呼吸连管存在水分杂质缺陷；
S5、计算储油柜缺陷检测综合评估系数，得到缺陷严重程度；
S6、当缺陷严重程度为一般缺陷或严重缺陷时，边缘智能网关发送评估结果、相应数据至储油柜缺陷监控云平台；
S7、储油柜缺陷监控云平台发送告警指令至客户终端，工作人员通过客户终端访问储油柜缺陷监控云平台查看具体信息。
所述步骤S2中油位实际高度D 1的计算公式如下：
D 1＝H-d-h
其中H为储油箱内部底端至顶端的高度，d为微波发射天线的发射端与油面之间的距离，h为微波发射天线的发射端与储油箱内部顶端之间的距离；
Figure PCTCN2022105947-appb-000003
如图7，其中，S为微波发射天线的发射端与微波接收天线的接收端之间的距离，λ为波长，P t为微波发射天线发射微波功率，G t为微波发射天线的增益，P r为微波接收天线的检测功率，G r为微波接收天线的增益。
储油柜缺陷检测综合评估系数c k的计算公式如下：
Figure PCTCN2022105947-appb-000004
其中，当有胶囊破损缺陷时，特征值p k为2，否则p k为1；
当有呼吸回路部分堵塞缺陷时，特征值d k为2，否则d k为1；
当有呼吸回路泄漏缺陷时，特征值x k为2，否则x k为1；
当有呼吸连管存在水分杂质缺陷时，特征值s k为2，否则s k为1；
当有储油柜假油位缺陷时，特征值j k为2，否则j k为1；
根据储油柜缺陷检测综合评估系数c k的值判断缺陷严重程度：
当c k＝4时，无缺陷；
当4＜c k≤4.8时，存在一般缺陷；
当c k＞4.8时，存在严重缺陷。
上述实施方式仅示例性说明本发明的原理及其效果，而非用于限制本发明。对于熟悉此技术的人皆可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下，对上述实施例进行修饰或改进。因此，凡举所述技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本发明所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变，仍应由本发明的权利要求所涵盖。

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  1. 一种基于边缘计算的变压器储油柜缺陷监测装置，其特征在于，包括：感知终端、边缘智能网关、监控终端、储油柜缺陷监控云平台和客户终端，所述边缘智能网关和监控终端均设置于变电站内，所述监控终端用于访问所述边缘智能网关，所述感知终端包括：气体流量计(5)、油温传感器(6)、环境温度传感器(7)和微波油位测量组件，所述气体流量计(5)设置于呼吸连管(3)上，所述气体流量计(5)用于测量储油柜呼吸气体流量，所述油温传感器(6)设置于储油柜(1)的侧端下部，所述油温传感器(6)的探头贯穿伸入储油柜(1)内部且浸入变压器油中，所述油温传感器(6)用于测量储油柜油温，所述环境温度传感器(7)设置于所述储油柜(1)的外部，所述环境温度传感器(7)用于测量环境温度，所述微波油位测量组件设置于储油柜(1)的内壁顶端，且所述微波油位测量组件远离胶囊(2)，所述微波油位测量组件用于测量储油柜油位高度；
    所述感知终端将检测数据发送至所述边缘智能网关，储油柜自带的油位计(8)也将其数据信息发送至边缘智能网关，所述边缘智能网关对检测数据进行存储和判断评估，所述边缘智能网关将判断为存在缺陷的评估结果及其对应数据发送至储油柜缺陷监控云平台，储油柜缺陷监控云平台发送告警指令至客户终端。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于边缘计算的变压器储油柜缺陷监测装置，其特征在于，所述微波油位测量组件包括：微波发射天线(9)和微波接收天线(10)，所述微波发射天线(9)和所述微波接收天线(10)均朝向油面设置，且所述微波发射天线(9)和所述微波接收天线(10)的上端均固定于所述储油柜(1)的内壁顶端，且所述微波发射天线(9)的发射端与所述微波接收天线(10)的接收端位于同一水平面。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于边缘计算的变压器储油柜缺陷监测装置，其特征在于，所述感知终端通过ZigBee网络与边缘智能网关通讯，所述边缘智能网关通过ZigBee网络与监控终端通讯，所述边缘智能网关通过GPRS网络与储油柜缺陷监控云平台通讯。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于边缘计算的变压器储油柜缺陷监测装置，其特征在于，所述气体流量计(5)靠近吸湿器(4)设置。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于边缘计算的变压器储油柜缺陷监测装置，其特征在于，所述气体流量计(5)采用双向气体流量测量，测量范围为-200slpm～+200slpm，总误差带不大于3％读数，响应时间不大于1ms。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于边缘计算的变压器储油柜缺陷监测装置，其特征在于， 所述油温传感器(6)和所述环境温度传感器(7)均为铂电阻传感器，传感器测量范围为-40℃～120℃，精度达到±0.5℃。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于边缘计算的变压器储油柜缺陷监测装置，其特征在于，边缘智能网关采用ARM Cortex-A7处理器，1GB RAM，8GB eMMC；客户终端可采用个人电脑PC、平板电脑或智能手机。
  8. 一种基于边缘计算的变压器储油柜缺陷检测方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    S1、感知终端实时监测以下数据：储油柜呼吸气体流量、储油柜油温、环境温度、微波发射功率和微波接收功率；
    S2、进行储油柜假油位的缺陷判断，通过微波发射功率和微波接收功率计算油位实际高度D 1，储油柜自带的油位计(8)将数据信息发送至边缘智能网关，边缘智能网关将油位实际高度D 1与储油柜自带的油位计(8)显示值D求差，当差值大于3cm时，判定有储油柜假油位缺陷，否则不存在储油柜假油位缺陷；
    S3、进行实时监测数据采样，形成呼吸气体流量曲线图；在环境温度变化为10℃以内、且储油柜油温变化为4℃时，将实时监测的储油柜呼吸气体流量峰值V m与近一个月同条件下的储油柜呼吸气体流量峰值平均值V a进行比较，若相差大于等于15％，则进行步骤S4，否则判定不存在胶囊破损、呼吸回路部分堵塞、呼吸回路泄漏或呼吸连管存在水分杂质这四类缺陷；
    S4、当V m≥1.2V a，且t h≤0.9t ha，t x≤0.9t xa时，判定有胶囊破损缺陷；
    其中t h为实时监测的单次呼气持续时长，t x为实时监测的单次吸气持续时长，t ha为近一个月的单次呼气持续时长平均值，t xa为近一个月的单次吸气持续时长平均值；
    当V m≤0.8V a，且t h≥1.1t ha，t x≥1.1t xa时，判定有呼吸回路部分堵塞缺陷；
    当V m≤0.8V a，且|t h-t ha|＜0.05t ha，|t x-t xa|＜0.05t xa时，判定有呼吸回路泄漏缺陷；
    当V m≤0.85V a，且单次呼气、吸气过程的流量穿零数x 0较近一个月的流量穿零数平均值x a0增加2倍及以上，判定有呼吸连管存在水分杂质缺陷；
    S5、计算储油柜缺陷检测综合评估系数，得到缺陷严重程度；
    S6、当缺陷严重程度为一般缺陷或严重缺陷时，边缘智能网关发送评估结果、相应数据 至储油柜缺陷监控云平台；
    S7、储油柜缺陷监控云平台发送告警指令至客户终端，工作人员通过客户终端访问储油柜缺陷监控云平台查看具体信息。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种基于边缘计算的变压器储油柜缺陷检测方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S2中油位实际高度D 1的计算公式如下：
    D 1＝H-d-h
    其中H为储油箱内部底端至顶端的高度，d为微波发射天线的发射端与油面之间的距离，h为微波发射天线的发射端与储油箱内部顶端之间的距离；
    Figure PCTCN2022105947-appb-100001
    其中，S为微波发射天线的发射端与微波接收天线的接收端之间的距离，λ为波长，P t为微波发射天线发射微波功率，G t为微波发射天线的增益，P r为微波接收天线的检测功率，G r为微波接收天线的增益。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的一种基于边缘计算的变压器储油柜缺陷检测方法，其特征在于，储油柜缺陷检测综合评估系数c k的计算公式如下：
    Figure PCTCN2022105947-appb-100002
    其中，当有胶囊破损缺陷时，特征值p k为2，否则p k为1；
    当有呼吸回路部分堵塞缺陷时，特征值d k为2，否则d k为1；
    当有呼吸回路泄漏缺陷时，特征值x k为2，否则x k为1；
    当有呼吸连管存在水分杂质缺陷时，特征值s k为2，否则s k为1；
    当有储油柜假油位缺陷时，特征值j k为2，否则j k为1；
    根据储油柜缺陷检测综合评估系数c k的值判断缺陷严重程度：
    当c k＝4时，无缺陷；
    当4＜c k≤4.8时，存在一般缺陷；
    当c k＞4.8时，存在严重缺陷。
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