WO2023077544A1 - 基于人造介电材料的电磁透镜 - Google Patents

基于人造介电材料的电磁透镜 Download PDF

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WO2023077544A1
WO2023077544A1 PCT/CN2021/130194 CN2021130194W WO2023077544A1 WO 2023077544 A1 WO2023077544 A1 WO 2023077544A1 CN 2021130194 W CN2021130194 W CN 2021130194W WO 2023077544 A1 WO2023077544 A1 WO 2023077544A1
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dielectric material
short conductive
tubes
ring
layer
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PCT/CN2021/130194
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李梓萌
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广州司南技术有限公司
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Priority to AU2021472065A priority Critical patent/AU2021472065A1/en
Priority to CA3236728A priority patent/CA3236728A1/en
Publication of WO2023077544A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023077544A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
    • H01Q15/08—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism formed of solid dielectric material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome

Definitions

  • the utility model relates to an electromagnetic wave focusing lens made of artificial dielectric materials.
  • the modern mobile communications market requires multi-beam antennas that can create narrow beams and operate in different frequency bands.
  • the focusing dielectric lens is the main part of the multi-beam antenna.
  • Patent WO 2019/003939 A1 describes Lunberg lenses stacked by disc-shaped members with a thickness in the radially outer region that is smaller than in the central region.
  • the diameter of the focusing lens must be several wavelengths of the electromagnetic wave, and the propagation through the lens can produce a narrow beam, so some multi-beam antennas used for mobile communication have a lens diameter of more than 1m.
  • Such lenses made of commonly used dielectric materials are too heavy, so much research has been done in the industry to make lenses that are lightweight and low loss to provide ideal focusing characteristics.
  • US Patent 9819094 B2 describes a cylindrical lens made of a lightweight artificial isotropic dielectric material with a substantially homogeneous dielectric constant ⁇ .
  • a lens of this design provides greater gain than a Lunberg lens of the same diameter.
  • a relatively small lens made of an isotropic dielectric material with a substantially homogenous permittivity ⁇ is smaller than a Lunberg lens that provides the same gain, but has some drawbacks.
  • Cylindrical lenses made of isotropic artificial dielectric material depolarize electromagnetic waves passing through such lenses, so antennas comprising such lenses are subject to high cross-polarization levels.
  • US patent US 9819094 B2 describes a multi-beam antenna that includes a special element called a compensator arranged around the lens. The compensator reduces the depolarization of electromagnetic waves passing through the cylindrical lens and improves the cross-polarization ratio of the multi-beam antenna, but increases the manufacturing cost.
  • Another drawback of lenses made of isotropic dielectric materials with a substantially homogeneous permittivity ⁇ is large reflections from the outer contour of the lens.
  • US Patent US 9780457 B2 describes a design for an improved matched free-space lens.
  • the lens comprises a plurality of compartments for a lightweight isotropic dielectric material having a substantially homogeneous dielectric constant ⁇ .
  • the dielectric material-filled compartments disposed near the center of the lens have a greater dielectric constant ⁇ than the dielectric material-filled compartments disposed near the outer contour of the lens.
  • Lenses of this design are better matched to free space, but are more complex to manufacture and offer less directivity than lenses with a homogeneous permittivity ⁇ .
  • the cylindrical lens made of anisotropic dielectric material can reduce the depolarization of electromagnetic waves passing through the cylindrical lens and improve the cross-polarization ratio of the multi-beam antenna.
  • New Zealand NZ Patent 752904 and US Patent US 10971823 B1 describe lightweight artificial dielectric materials with anisotropic properties suitable for the manufacture of cylindrical lenses. These materials consist of short conductive tubes with thin walls layered inside a foamed dielectric material. One layer includes a sheet of foamed dielectric material containing a plurality of cells. Short, thin-walled conductive tubes are placed in holes made of lightweight dielectric material. Layers containing tubes are separated by layers of lightweight dielectric material without tubes.
  • New Zealand patent 752904 describes a material in which the axes of all conductive tubes face away from the direction perpendicular to the layer.
  • This structure can provide electromagnetic waves with a dielectric constant ⁇ up to 2.5 propagating along the tube axis, but the dielectric constant ⁇ of electromagnetic waves propagating along the vertical direction becomes significantly smaller.
  • US 10971823 B1 describes an artificial dielectric material comprising tubes with vertical layers and an axis parallel to the layers. Due to the different orientations of the tubes, this material possesses desirable anisotropic properties, thereby reducing the level of cross-polarization for antennas comprising cylindrical lenses.
  • Lenses that focus RF waves must be well-matched to free space to improve the return loss and isolation of multibeam antennas, so lenses made of new artificial dielectric materials need to be well-matched to free space.
  • the first purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the known lenses made of lightweight artificial dielectric materials and to develop a pocket-sized lens that is well matched to free space.
  • a second object of the invention is to provide a lens well matched to free space, the manufacture of which is simpler compared to known analogues.
  • the utility model develops a cylindrical focusing lens, which includes a dielectric outer cover and an artificial dielectric material.
  • the artificial dielectric material includes a foamed dielectric material sheet arranged in multiple layers and a Multiple short conductive tubes.
  • the cross section of the conductive pipe can be circular or polygonal, such as square, hexagonal or octagonal.
  • the short conductive tubes disposed in the dielectric sheet form a circle and a ring around the circle and are separated from the circle and the radome by a ring of foamed dielectric material without the short conductive tubes. Sheets of foamed dielectric material containing short conductive tubes are separated by sheets of foamed dielectric material without short conductive tubes.
  • the circle containing the short conductive tubes forms a layer of focusing cylinder.
  • the two rings of foamed dielectric material and the ring containing the short conductive tube form a broadband transformer, matching the ring containing the short conductive tube with free space.
  • the conductive tubes forming the circle may be arranged in the shape of any of the lattices described in NZ Patent 752904 and US 10971823 B1.
  • Lenses comprising tubes forming lattices of other shapes can also be matched to free space by transformers comprising rings of tubes and rings of foamed dielectric material. In some lenses with operating frequency lower than 1 GHz and with large-sized rings of foamed dielectric material, voids can be substituted to make them lighter and save foamed dielectric material.
  • the axes of the short conductive tubes forming a layer of rings and circles can point in the same direction or in different directions.
  • the axes of the short conductive tubes placed in different layers may point in the same direction or in different directions.
  • the axis of the short conductive tubes placed in a layer can be perpendicular to the layer or parallel to the layer.
  • the axes of short conductive tubes placed in one layer parallel to that layer may be perpendicular to the axes of short conductive tubes positioned in an adjacent layer parallel to that layer.
  • the width of the loop forming the wideband transformer depends on the frequency band of operation and the thickness of the dielectric radome that is external to the wideband transformer.
  • the width of the ring of foamed medium material without a short conductive tube placed between the circle and the ring with a short conductive tube is 0.2-0.8 times the width of the ring with a short conductive tube.
  • the width of the ring of foamed dielectric material without the short conductive tube placed between the dielectric radome and the short conductive tube is 1.0-4.0 times the width of the ring with the short conductive tube.
  • Tubes placed in adjacent layers may be placed on top of each other on the same axis or displaced from each other and have different axes.
  • the tubes are placed with different tube axis orientations.
  • the axes of some tubes are perpendicular to the layers while the axes of other tubes are parallel to the layers.
  • Tubes with axes parallel to the layers can be placed perpendicular to each other.
  • the axis of the tube has three orthogonal directions, thus providing a lightweight artificial dielectric material whose dielectric properties are less dependent on the direction and polarization of electromagnetic waves passing through the material.
  • Tubes placed in a layer can have the same axis orientation or different axis orientations.
  • the tube-containing layers placed on top of each other may have the same structure or different structures.
  • Lenses incorporating said transformer do not contain additional elements, so their manufacture is simpler than known analogues. Such transformers can be used to match other types of focusing lenses.
  • Figure 1a is a top view of the first layer of the cylindrical lens
  • Figure 1b is a cross-sectional view A-A of the first layer of the cylindrical lens, where the tubes forming a circle are placed in the shape of a hexagonal lattice and the axes of the tubes are perpendicular to the layer direction.
  • Figure 1c is a top view of the second layer of cylindrical lenses
  • Figure 1D is a cross-sectional view A-A of the second layer of cylindrical lenses, in which the tubes forming the circle are placed in a hexagonal lattice shape, and the axes of the tubes are parallel to the layer and parallel to the In section A-A.
  • Figure 1e is a top view of the third layer of cylindrical lenses
  • Figure 1f is a cross-sectional view of the third layer of cylindrical lenses A-A
  • the circle formed by the tubes is placed in a hexagonal lattice shape
  • the axis of the tubes is parallel to the layer and perpendicular to the Cross-section A-A of this layer.
  • Fig. 1g shows a cross-section A-A of a cylindrical lens comprising 36 layers shown in Figs. 1a to 1f. Separated by layers of foamed dielectric material without tubes. The lens is assembled from three different layers.
  • Figure 2a illustrates the reflection of a plane electromagnetic wave propagating through the lens described in Figures 1a to 1g.
  • Figure 2b shows the normalized impedance of a matching transformer formed by a radome, a ring of foamed dielectric material, and a tube ring.
  • tubes placed in one layer can form other lattices
  • lenses can be composed of other numbers of different layers.
  • a cylindrical lens assembled from two different layers is shown in Figures 3a to 3e, where each layer comprises a plurality of short tubes placed in a circle and whose axes have two orthogonal orientations.
  • Fig. 3a is a top view of the first layer of cylindrical lenses
  • Fig. 3b is a cross-sectional view A-A of the first layer of cylindrical lenses.
  • the axes of the tubes forming odd circles are oriented along one layer and oriented along the circle.
  • the axes of the tubes forming the even circles are perpendicular to the layers.
  • Figure 3c is a top view of the second layer of cylindrical lenses
  • Figure 3d is a cross-sectional view A-A of the second layer of cylindrical lenses, the tube axes forming odd circles are oriented along one layer and perpendicular to the circle. The axes of the tubes forming the even circles are perpendicular to the layers.
  • Figure 3e is a cross-sectional view A-A showing 24 layers of the cylindrical lens shown in Figures 3a to 3d, separated by foamed dielectric material without tubes.
  • Figures 1a-1g are the lenses of the first embodiment of the present invention, assembled from three different layers.
  • Figures 1a and 1b show a top view and corresponding cross-section A-A of a first layer 1 of cylindrical lenses, where the tubes 11a placed inside the circle 5 are arranged in the shape of a hexagonal lattice and the axis of the tubes is perpendicular to the layer and Parallel to cross section A-A.
  • the tubes 11b arranged between the rings 6 and 7 are arranged in two circles forming the ring 8 arranged between the ring 5 and the dielectric radome 9 and passing through the ring 10 formed of foamed dielectric material without tubes Separated from ring 12.
  • the axis of the tube 11b is perpendicular to the layers and parallel to the section A-A.
  • Thin dielectric rods 13 pass through all layers and secure all layers to each other to form lenses.
  • Figures 1c and 1d show, respectively, a top view and a cross-section B-B of the second layer 2 of cylindrical lenses, in which the tubes 21a forming the circle 5 are arranged in the shape of a hexagonal lattice and the axes of the tubes are parallel to the layer and to the section B-B .
  • Tubes 21b arranged between rings 6 and 7 are arranged in two rings forming ring 8 placed between the circle and the dielectric radome 9 and separated by rings 10 and 12 formed of foamed dielectric material without tubes. open.
  • the axis of the tube 21b is parallel to the layers and parallel to the cross-section B-B.
  • Figures 1e and 1f show a top view and a cross-section C-C, respectively, of a third layer of cylindrical lenses in which the tubes 31a forming the ring 5 are arranged in the shape of a hexagonal lattice and the axes of the tubes are parallel to the layer and perpendicular to the Cross section C-C.
  • the tube 31b arranged between ring 6 and ring 7 is arranged in two rings forming ring 8 arranged between ring 5 and dielectric radome 9 and passing through ring 10 formed of foamed dielectric material without tube and 12 apart.
  • the axis of the tube 31b is parallel to the layers and perpendicular to the section C-C.
  • Figure 1g shows a cross-section A-A of a cylindrical lens comprising all the layers of Figures 1a to 1f with tubes, separated by a layer 4 of foamed dielectric material without tubes. These layers are stacked together to form twelve assemblies 14 with the desired anisotropic properties.
  • the lens improves the match to free space since the rings 8 , 10 and 12 with different values of permittivity ⁇ reflect electromagnetic waves through the lens in an opposite manner compared to the reflections from the radome 9 and the circle 5 . Additional reflections from rings 8, 10 and 12 suppress reflections from radome 9 and circle 5 matched to a lens with free space.
  • the width of the rings 8, 10 and 12 which provide the best match depends on the nominal operating frequency and the thickness of the radome 9 and the value of the dielectric constant ⁇ .
  • Figure 2a illustrates multiple reflections of planar electromagnetic waves passing through the radome 9 and the rings 8, 10 and 12, with different values of permittivity ⁇ with respect to the lens axis.
  • Figure 2b shows the impedance of the radome 9 and the rings 8, 10 and 12 with the outer radius R.
  • the short conductive tubes fill the holes in the entire disc of foamed dielectric material formed by the rings 10 , 8 and 12 together with the circle 5 .
  • the provided means of matching the lens to free space does not require a complex radome with multiple compartments as described in patent US 9780457 B2, thus matching the manufacturing cost of the lens to that of a lens made of lightweight artificial dielectric material The same, with basically the same dielectric constant ⁇ .
  • the loops 8, 10 and 12 together with the radome 9 form a wideband transformer of shorter length than conventional transformers, consisting of sections equal to a quarter wavelength in free space at the nominal operating frequency and different impedances.
  • the lens has a smaller diameter than a lens providing the same gain, wherein the permittivity ⁇ successively decreases towards the outer contour of the lens.
  • tubes displaced in layers may form other structures and lenses may include other numbers of different layers.
  • a cylindrical lens assembled from two different layers is shown in Figures 3a to 3e, each layer comprising a plurality of short conductive tubes arranged in a circle with their axes having two orthogonal orientations.
  • Figures 3a and 3b show respectively a top view and a corresponding cross-section D-D of a first layer 41 in which tubes 40a and 43a placed inside a circle 45 are arranged in the shape of a sunflower (lattice).
  • the axes of the tubes 40 a forming odd circles are parallel to the layers and parallel to the circle 45 .
  • the axes of the tubes 43a forming even circles are perpendicular to the layers.
  • the tube 40b placed between circles 46 and 47 is placed in two circles forming a ring 48 arranged between circle 45 and a dielectric radome 49 and separated by rings 50 and 52 formed of foamed dielectric material without tubes. open.
  • the axis of the tube 40b is parallel to the layers and parallel to the circle 45 .
  • the axis of the tube 43b is perpendicular to the layers.
  • Thin dielectric rods 53 pass through all layers and are fixed to each other to form lenses.
  • Figures 3c and 3d respectively show a top view and corresponding cross-section E-E of the second layer, in which the tubes 60a and 63a arranged inside the circle 45 are arranged in the shape of a sunflower (lattice).
  • the axes of the tubes 60 a forming odd circles are parallel to the layers and perpendicular to the circle 45 .
  • the axes of the tubes 63a forming even circles are perpendicular to the layers.
  • Tube 60b placed between circles 46 and 47 is placed in two circles forming ring 48 arranged between circle 45 and dielectric radome 49 and separated by rings 50 and 52 formed of foamed dielectric material without tubes. open.
  • the axis of the tube 60b is parallel to the layers and perpendicular to the circle 45 .
  • the axis of the tube 63b is perpendicular to the layers.
  • Figure 3e shows a cross section A-A of a cylindrical lens comprising the layers shown in Figures 3a to 3b, 3c to 3d separated by a layer 54 of foamed dielectric material without tubes. These layers are stacked together to form twelve assemblies 44 with the desired anisotropic properties.
  • the lens improves the match to free space because rings 48 , 50 and 52 with different values of permittivity ⁇ reflect electromagnetic waves through the lens in an opposite manner compared to reflections from radome 49 and circle 45 .
  • the focusing lens group can match the free space through but not limited to the above-mentioned implementation cases, and the lens can also be composed of tubes of other structures.
  • the tubes forming the layer can have three orthogonal directions, and the ring of the matching transformer formed by the tubes can also contain three Orthogonal to the axis of the tube, such lenses may also contain only one layer.

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Abstract

一种柱面聚焦透镜，包含介电外罩（9，49）和人造介电材料，其中人造介电材料包含层状设置的多个多层发泡介电材料片和放置在发泡介电材料片中的多个短导电管；其中，放置在泡沫发泡介质材料薄片内的短导电管构成一个圆形（5，45）和一个围绕该圆形（5，45）的环形（8，48），由没有短导电管的泡沫发泡介质材料构成的环形（10，12，50，52）将由短导电管构成的圆形（5，45）、圆环环形（8，48）及介电外罩（9，49）三者相互隔开。上述透镜克服了已知由轻质人造介电材料制成的透镜的不足，与自由空间能够良好匹配，且与已知的类似物相比，其制造更简单。

Description

基于人造介电材料的电磁透镜 技术领域
本实用新型涉及由人造介电材料制成的电磁波聚焦透镜。
背景技术
现代移动通信市场需要可以创建窄波束并在不同频段运行的多波束天线。聚焦介质透镜是多波束天线的主要部分。通常多波束天线包含与自由空间匹配的龙勃透镜，因为这种透镜的介电常数ε根据公式ε＝2-(R/A)2是从中心向外轮廓减小，其中R是透镜中心到一个内点的距离，A是透镜的外半径。专利WO 2019/003939 A1描述了通过盘状构件堆叠的龙勃透镜的径向外部区域中的厚度小于中心区域中的厚度。聚焦透镜的直径必须是电磁波的几个波长，通过透镜的传播才能产生窄波束，因此一些用于移动通信的多波束天线的透镜直径超过1m。这种由常用的介电材料制成的透镜太重，因此行业内进行了许多研究以制造重量轻且损耗低的透镜，以提供理想的聚焦特性。
大多数轻质人造介电材料是通过随机混合小颗粒制成的，从而具备最终材料的各向同性特性。例如，美国专利9819094 B2描述了一种柱面透镜，由具有基本同质的介电常数ε的轻质人造各向同性介电材料制成。当透镜在标称工作频率的自由空间中的直径小于3个波长时，这种设计的透镜比具有相同直径的龙勃透镜提供更大的增益。因此，由具有基本同质的介电常数ε的各向同性介电材料制成的相对较小的透镜比提供相同增益的龙勃透镜小，但具有一些缺陷。
由各向同性人造介电材料制成的柱面透镜对通过这种透镜产生电磁波去极化，因此包括这种透镜的天线承受高交叉极化水平。美国专利US 9819094 B2描述了一种多波束天线，该天线包含设置在该透镜周围的称为补偿器的特殊元件。补偿器减少了通过柱面透镜的电磁波的去极化，提高了多波束天线的交叉极化率，但增加了制造成本。由具有基本同质的介电常数ε的各向同性介电材料制成的透镜的另一个缺陷是来自透镜外轮廓的大反射。美国专利US 9780457 B2描述了一种改进匹配自由空间透镜的设计。透镜包括多个隔室，用于具有基本上同质的的介电常数ε的轻质各向同性介电材料。靠 近透镜中心设置的介电材料填充隔室比靠近透镜外轮廓设置的介电材料填充隔室的介电常数ε大。这种设计的透镜与能与自由空间更好地匹配，但制造起来更复杂，并且提供的指向性比具有均质性介电常数ε的透镜少。
由各向异性介电材料制成的柱面透镜可以减少通过柱面透镜的电磁波去极化，提高多波束天线的交叉极化率。
在新西兰NZ专利752904和美国专利US 10971823 B1描述了具备各向异性特性并适用于制造柱面透镜的轻质人造介电材料。这些材料由具有薄壁的短导电管组成，并分层放置在发泡介电材料内部。一层包括一片含有多个孔的发泡介电材料。薄壁的短导电管被放置在由轻质介电材料制成的孔中。包含管的层被不带管的轻质介电材料层隔开。新西兰专利752904描述了所有导电管的轴线都背向垂直于层的方向的材料。这种结构可以提供沿管轴传播高达2.5的介电常数ε的电磁波，但沿着垂直方向的传播的电磁波的介电常数ε明显变小。美国专利US10971823 B1描述的人造介电材料包含具有垂直层和平行于层的轴向的管。由于管的不同取向，这种材料具备了期望的各向异性特性，从而降低了包括柱面透镜的天线的交叉极化水平。
聚焦射频波的透镜必须与自由空间很好地匹配，以改善多波束天线的回波损耗和隔离度，因此需要使新型人造介电材料制成的透镜与自由空间良好匹配。
发明内容
本实用新型的第一目的是克服已知由轻质人造介电材料制成的透镜的不足，研发一种与自由空间良好匹配的袖珍型透镜。本实用新型的第二个目的是提供与自由空间良好匹配的透镜，与已知的类似物相比，其制造更简单。
本实用新型研发了一种柱面聚焦透镜，其包含介电外罩和人造介电材料，该人造介电材料包括多层设置的发泡介电材料片和放置在发泡介电材料片中的多个短导电管。导电管的横截面可以是圆形或多边形，例如正方形、六边形或八边形。设置在介电片中的短导电管形成一个圆和一个围绕该圆的环，并通过没有短导电管的发泡介电材料环与该圆和天线罩隔开。包含短导电管的发泡介电材料片被没有短导电管的发泡介电材料片隔开。
包含短导电管的圆圈形成一层聚焦筒。发泡介电材料的两个环和包含短导电管的环形成宽带变压器，匹配包含具有自由空间的短导电管的环。形成圆的导电管可以以新西兰专利752904和美国US10971823 B1中描述的任何晶格的形状布置。包括形成其 他形状晶格的管的透镜也可以通过包含管的环和发泡介电材料环的变压器与自由空间相匹配。在一些工作频率低于1GHz且具有大尺寸发泡介电材料环的透镜中，可以用空隙代替以使其更轻并节省发泡介电材料。
形成一层圆环和圈的短导电管的轴线可以指向相同的方向或不同的方向。
放置在不同层的短导电管的轴线可以指向相同的方向或不同的方向。
放置在一层中的短导电管的轴线可以垂直于该层或平行于该层。
放置在一层中并平行于该层的短导电管的轴线可以垂直于设置在相邻层并平行于该层的短导电管的轴线。
形成宽带变压器的环的宽度取决于工作频带和作为宽带变压器外部的介电天线罩的厚度。
放置在圆和带短导电管的环之间的不带短导电管的发泡介质材料环的宽度是带短导电管的环的宽度的0.2-0.8倍。放置在介电天线罩和带短导电管之间的不带短导电管的发泡介电材料环的宽度是带短导电管的环的宽度的1.0-4.0倍。
放置在相邻层中的管可以在相同轴上彼此重叠放置或彼此移位并具有不同轴。
管子以不同的管子轴线方向放置。一些管的轴线垂直于层而其他管的轴线平行于层。具有平行于层的轴的管可以彼此垂直放置。如此，管的轴线具有三个正交方向，因此所提供的轻质人造介电材料的介电特性较少依赖于穿过材料的电磁波的方向和极化。
放置在一层中的管可以具有相同的轴取向或不同的轴取向。放置在彼此之上的包含管的层可以具有相同的结构或不同的结构。
包含所述变压器的透镜不包含额外的元件，因此与已知的类似物相比，它们的制造更简单。此类变压器可用于匹配其他类型的聚焦透镜。
附图说明
图1a是柱面透镜的第一层的俯视图，图1b是柱面透镜第一层的横截面图A-A,其中形成圆形的管以六边形晶格的形状放置并且管的轴线垂直于层的方向。
图1c是第二层柱面透镜的俯视图，图1D是第二层柱面透镜的横截面图A-A,其中形成圆的管以六边形晶格形状放置，管的轴线平行于该层并平行于截面A-A。
图1e是第三层柱面透镜的俯视图，图1f是第三层柱面透镜的横截面图A-A,管形成的圆以六边形晶格形状放置，管的轴线平行于该层，垂直于该层的横截面A-A。
图1g示出了包括图1a到1f所示的36层的柱面透镜的横截面A-A。由不带管的发泡介电材料层分隔。透镜由三种不同的层组装而成。
图2a说明通过图1a到1g中所描述的透镜传播的平面电磁波反射情况。
图2b显示了由天线罩、发泡介电材料环和管环形成的匹配变压器的归一化阻抗。对于其他应用，放置在一层中的管可以形成其他晶格，而透镜可以由其他数量的不同层组成。例如，图3a到3e所示的两种不同层组装而成的柱面透镜，其中每层包括多个放置成圆的短管并且其轴线具有两个正交取向。
图3a是第一层柱面透镜的俯视图，图3b是第一层柱面透镜的横截面图A-A。形成奇数圆的管的轴沿着一层朝向并沿着圆定向设置。形成偶数圆的管的轴垂直于层。
图3c是第二层柱面透镜的俯视图，图3d是第二层柱面透镜的横截面图A-A，形成奇数圆的管轴沿着一层定向并垂直于圆。形成偶数圆的管的轴线垂直于层。
图3e是示出了图3a到3d中所示的柱面透镜的24层的横截面图A-A，并被没有管的发泡介电材料隔开。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解和实施，下面将结合附图，对本实用新型实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。附图展示了由包含短导电管的轻质人造介电材料制成的柱面透镜的几个典型实施例和短导电管或可与自由空间的透镜匹配的方式。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本实用新型的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本实用新型的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在限制本实用新型。
图1a-1g是本实用新型的第一实施案例的透镜，由三种不同层组装而成。
图1a和1b示出柱面透镜的第一层1的顶视图和相应的横截面A-A，其中放置在圆5内部的管11a以六边形晶格的形状排列并且管的轴线垂直于层并平行于横截面A-A。布置在环6和环7之间的管11b排列成两个圆，形成布置在圈5和介电天线罩9之间的环8，并且通过由没有管的发泡介电材料形成的环10和环12隔开。管11b的轴线垂直于层并平行于截面A-A。细介电棒13穿过所有层并相互固定所有层以形成透镜。
图1c和1d分别示出柱面透镜的第二层2的俯视图和横截面B-B，其中形成圆5的管21a以六边形晶格的形状排列并且管的轴线平行于层并平行于截面B-B。布置在环6和环 7之间的管21b排列成两个环，形成放置在圆圈和电介质天线罩9之间的环8，并且通过由没有管的发泡电介质材料形成的环10和12隔开。管21b的轴线平行于层并且平行于横截面B-B。
图1e和1f分别示出了柱面透镜的第三层的俯视图和横截面C-C，其中形成环5的管31a以六边形晶格的形状排列并且管的轴线平行于该层并且垂直于该横截面C-C。布置在环6和环7之间的管31b布置成两个圈，形成布置在圈5和介电天线罩9之间的环8，并且通过由没有管的发泡介电材料形成的环10和12隔开。管31b的轴线平行于层并垂直于截面C-C。
图1g示出了柱面透镜的横截面A-A，该柱面透镜包括具有图1a到1f带管的所有层,并被没有管的发泡介电材料层4隔开。这些层堆叠在一起形成十二个组件14，具备所需的各向异性特性。由于具有不同介电常数值ε的环8、10和12与来自天线罩9和圆5的反射相比，以相反的方式反射通过透镜的电磁波，因此透镜改善了与自由空间的匹配度。来自环8、10和12的额外反射抑制来自天线罩9和与具有自由空间的透镜匹配的圆5的反射。提供最佳匹配的环8、10和12的宽度取决于标称工作频率和天线罩9的厚度以及介电常数值ε。
图2a说明了穿过天线罩9和环8、10和12的平面电磁波的多次反射，具有相对于透镜轴的不同介电常数值ε。介电材料层归一化的阻抗相对于自由空间的阻抗是公式Z＝1/squrt介电常数ε，因此，来自介电材料层的平面电磁波的反射可以计算为来自具有不同阻抗Z和长度的主线的依次(紧密)相连的部分的反射。图2b示出了具有外半径R的天线罩9和环8、10和12的阻抗。
表1包含宽度W和形成人造介电材料透镜的变压器的环的介电常数ε，介电常数ε＝2.0，放置在环5中。变压器的外部天线罩厚度为3mm,介电常数ε＝4.3。
表1
Figure PCTCN2021130194-appb-000001
表2包含模拟匹配变压器的传输线的紧密(依次)连接的部分电气长度L＝Wsqurt介电常数ε和归一化阻抗Z。
表2
Figure PCTCN2021130194-appb-000002
计算出的变压器通过0.5-1.0GHz的宽频带提供VSWR＝1.06，因此这种方式可用于匹配用于宽带多波束天线的不同透镜，包括用于现代移动通信基站的天线透镜。
如图1g所示，短导电管填充在环10、8和12与圆5一起形成的发泡介电材料的整个圆片的孔中。所提供的将透镜与自由空间匹配的方式不需要像专利US 9780457 B2所描述的那样具有多个隔室的复杂天线罩，因此匹配透镜的制造成本与由轻质人造介电材料制成的透镜相同，具有基本同性介电常数ε。环8、10和12与天线罩9一起形成一个宽带变压器，其长度小于常用的变压器，由在标称工作频率和不同阻抗的自由空间中长度等于四分之一波长的部分组成。结果，根据本实用新型，透镜具有比提供相同增益的透镜更小的直径，其中该介电常数ε朝着透镜的外轮廓依次地减小。
应用的其他实施例，在层中移位的管可以形成其他结构并且透镜可以包括其他数量的不同层。例如，图3a到3e中所示由两种不同层组装而成的柱面透镜，每层包括多个布置成圆形并且其轴线具有两个正交取向的短导电管。
图3a和3b分别示出了第一层41的俯视图和相应的横截面D-D，其中放置在圆45内部的管40a和43a以向日葵(晶格)的形状布置。形成奇数圆的管40a的轴线平行于层并且平行于圆45。形成偶数圆的管43a的轴线垂直于层。放置在圆46和47之间的管40b放置成两个圆，形成布置在圆45和电介质天线罩49之间的环48，并且通过由没有管的发泡电介质材料形成的环50和52隔开。管40b的轴线平行于层并且平行于圆45。管43b的轴线垂直于层。细电介质棒53穿过所有层并相互固定形成透镜。
图3c和3d分示出了第二层的俯视图和相应的横截面E-E，其中布置在圆45内部的管60a和63a以向日葵(晶格)的形状布置。形成奇数圆的管60a的轴线平行于层并垂直于圆45。形成偶数圆的管63a的轴线垂直于层。放置在圆圈46和47之间的管60b放置成两个圆，形成布置在圆45和电介质天线罩49之间的环48，并且通过由没有管的发泡电介质材料形成的环50和52隔开。管60b的轴线平行于层并垂直于圆45。管63b的轴线垂直于层。
图3e示出了包括图3a到图3b，图3c到3d中所示的层的柱面透镜的横截面A-A，这些层被没有管的发泡介电材料层54分隔。这些层堆叠在一起形成十二个组件44，具备所需的各向异性特性。
由于具有不同介电常数值ε的环48、50和52与来自天线罩49和圆45的反射相比，以相反的方式反射通过透镜的电磁波，因此透镜改善了与自由空间的匹配度。
来自环48、50和52的额外反射抑制来自天线罩49和与具有自由空间的透镜匹配的圆45的反射。提供最佳匹配的环48、50和52的宽度取决于标称工作频率和天线罩49的厚度以及介电常数值ε。
聚焦透镜群体可以通过但不仅限于上述实施案例匹配自由空间，透镜也可以由其他结构的管组成，比如，形成层的管可以有三个正交方向，管形成的匹配变压器的环也可以包含有三个正交方向的轴线的管，这样的透镜也可以只包含一种层。
应当理解，如果在此引用任何现有技术出版物，则该引用不构成承认该出版物是任何国家的本领域公知常识的一部分。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种柱面聚焦透镜，其特征在于，包含介电外罩和人造介电材料，其中人造介电材料包含层状设置的多个发泡介电材料片和放置在发泡介电材料片中的多个短导电管；其中，放置在所述发泡介质材料片中的短导电管构成一个圆形和一个围绕该圆形的环形，由没有短导电管的发泡介质材料构成的环形将由短导电管构成的圆形、环形及介电外罩三者相互隔开。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的柱面聚焦透镜，其特征在于，包含短导电管的发泡介电材料片被没有短导电管的发泡介电材料片隔开。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的柱面聚焦透镜，其特征在于，所述短导电管的横截面可以是圆形或者多边形。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的柱面透镜，其特征在于，构成一个环形和一个圆形的短导电管的轴线指向相同方向。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的柱面透镜，其特征在于，不同层中的短导电管的轴线指向不同的方向。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的柱面透镜，其特征在于，放置在一层中的短导电管的轴线垂直该层。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的柱面透镜，其特征在于，放置在一层中的短导电管的轴线平行于该层。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的柱面透镜，其特征在于，放置在一层中的短导电管的轴线平行该层，垂直于放置其他层的短导电管的轴线，并平行于其他层。
  9. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的柱面透镜，其特征在于，放置在带有短导电管的圆形和环形之间的不带有短导电管的发泡介电材料构成的环的宽度是带有短导电管的发泡介电材料构成的环的宽度的0.2-0.8。
  10. 根据权利要求1-7中的任一项所述的柱面透镜，其特征在于，放置在介电外罩和带有短导电管的环形之间的不带有短导电管的发泡介电材料构成的环的宽度是带有短导电管的发泡介电材料构成的环的宽度的1.0-4.0倍。
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